The TEI Consortium

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

by the TEI Consortium

Note: Originally edited by C.M. Sperberg-McQueen and Lou Burnard for the ACH-ALLC-ACL Text Encoding Initiative

Note: Now entirely revised and expanded under the supervision of the Technical Council of the TEI Consortium

Text Encoding Initiative Consortium

2025

Table of contents

i. Releases of the TEI Guidelines

ii. Dedication

iii. Preface and Acknowledgments

iv. About These Guidelines

iv.1. Structure and Notational Conventions of this Document

The use of modal verbs

TEI Naming Conventions

Element and Attribute Names

Class, Macro, and Datatype Names

Design Principles

Intended Use

Use in Text Capture and Text Creation

Use for Interchange

Use for Local Processing

iv.2. Historical Background

iv.3. Future Developments and Version Numbers

v. A Gentle Introduction to XML

v.1. What's Special about XML?

Descriptive Markup

Types of Document

Data Independence

v.2. Textual Structures

v.3. XML Structures

Elements

Content Models: an Example

v.4. Validating a Document's Structure

An Example Schema

Generic Identifier

Content Model

Occurrence Indicators

Connectors

Groups

v.5. Complicating the Issue

v.6. Attributes

Declaring Attributes

Identifiers and Indicators

v.7. Other Components of an XML Document

Character References

Namespaces

Marked Sections

Processing Instructions

v.8. Putting It All Together

Associating Entity Definitions with a Document Instance

Associating a Document Instance with Its Schema

Assembling Multiple Resources into a Single Document

Stylesheet Association and Processing

Content Validation

vi. Languages and Character Sets

vi.1. Language Identification

vi.2. Characters and Character Sets

Historical Considerations

Terminology and Key Concepts

Abstract Characters, Glyphs, and Encoding Scheme Design

Entry of Characters

Output of Characters

Unicode and XML

Special Aspects of Unicode Character Definitions

Compatibility Characters

Precomposed and Combining Characters and Normalization

Character Semantics

Issues Arising from the Internal Representations of Unicode

Encoding Errors Related to UTF-8

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.1. TEI Modules

1.2. Defining a TEI Schema

1.2.1. A Simple Customization

1.2.2. A Larger Customization

1.3. The TEI Class System

1.3.1. Attribute Classes

1.3.1.1. Global Attributes

1.3.1.1.1. Element Identifiers and Labels

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

1.3.1.1.5. Evaluation of Links

1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace

1.3.1.1.7. Other Globally Available Attributes

1.3.2. Model Classes

1.3.2.1. Informal Element Classifications

1.4. Macros

1.4.1. Standard Content Models

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

1.5. The TEI Infrastructure Module

2. The TEI Header

2.1. Organization of the TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

2.1.2. Types of Content in the TEI Header

2.1.3. Model Classes in the TEI Header

2.2. The File Description

2.2.1. The Title Statement

2.2.2. The Edition Statement

2.2.3. Type and Extent of File

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

2.2.5. The Series Statement

2.2.6. The Notes Statement

2.2.7. The Source Description

2.2.8. TEI documents derived from other TEI documents

2.3. The Encoding Description

2.3.1. The Project Description

2.3.2. The Sampling Declaration

2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration

2.3.4.1. Rendition

2.3.4.2. Tag Usage

2.3.5. The Default Style Definition Language Declaration

2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration

2.3.6.1. Prose Method

2.3.6.2. Search-and-Replace Method

2.3.6.3. Milestone Method

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

2.3.8. The Geographic Coordinates Declaration

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

2.3.10. The Schema Specification

2.3.11. The Application Information Element

2.3.12. Module-Specific Declarations

2.4. The Profile Description

2.4.1. Creation

2.4.2. Language Usage

2.4.3. The Text Classification

2.4.4. Abstracts

2.4.5. Calendar Description

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

2.5. Non-TEI Metadata

2.6. The Revision Description

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

2.8. Note for Library Cataloguers

2.9. The TEI Header Module

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.1. Paragraphs

3.2. Treatment of Punctuation

3.2.1. Functions of Punctuation

3.2.2. Hyphenation

3.3. Highlighting and Quotation

3.3.1. What Is Highlighting?

3.3.2. Emphasis, Foreign Words, and Unusual Language

3.3.2.1. Foreign Words or Expressions

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

3.3.2.3. Other Linguistically Distinct Material

3.3.3. Quotation

3.4. Terms and Glosses, Ruby Annotations, and Equivalents and Descriptions

3.4.1. Terms and Glosses

3.4.1.1. Some Further Examples

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

3.4.3. Equivalents and Descriptions

3.5. Simple Editorial Changes

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

3.6. Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses

3.6.1. Referring Strings

3.6.2. Addresses

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

3.6.4. Dates and Times

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

3.8. Lists

3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

3.9.1.1. Encoding Grouped Notes

3.9.2. Index Entries

3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components

3.11. Reference Systems

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

3.11.2. Creating New Reference Systems

3.11.2.1. Referencing system derived from markup

3.11.2.2. Referencing systems based on project conventions

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

3.12.2. Components of Bibliographic References

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

3.12.2.6. Series Information

3.12.2.7. Related Items

3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language

3.12.2.9. Order of Components within References

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

3.12.4. Relationship to Other Bibliographic Schemes

3.13. Passages of Verse or Drama

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

3.14. Overview of the Core Module

4. Default Text Structure

4.1. Divisions of the Body

4.1.1. Un-numbered Divisions

4.1.2. Numbered Divisions

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

4.2.4. Content of Textual Divisions

4.3. Grouped and Floating Texts

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

4.3.2. Floating Texts

4.4. Virtual Divisions

4.5. Front Matter

4.6. Title Pages

4.7. Back Matter

4.8. Module for Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.1. Is Your Journey Really Necessary?

5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

5.2.1. Character Properties

5.3. Annotating Characters

5.4. Adding New Characters

5.5. How to Use Code Points from the Private Use Area

5.6. Writing Modes

5.7. Examples of Different Writing Modes

5.7.1. Vertical Writing Modes

5.7.2. Vertical Text with Embedded Horizontal Text

5.7.3. Vertical Orientation in Horizontal Scripts

5.7.4. Bottom-to-top Writing

5.7.5. Mixed Horizontal Directionality

5.7.6. Summary

5.8. Text Rotation

5.9. Caveat

5.10. Formal Definition

6. Verse

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

6.4. Rhyme and Metrical Analysis

6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

6.4.2. Segment-Level versus Line-level Tagging

6.4.3. Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse

6.5. Rhyme

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

6.7. Encoding Procedures for Other Verse Features

6.8. Module for Verse

7. Performance Texts

7.1. Front and Back Matter

7.1.1. The Set Element

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

7.1.3. Records of Performances

7.1.4. Cast Lists

7.2. The Body of a Performance Text

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

7.2.3. Grouped Speeches

7.2.4. Stage Directions

7.2.5. Speech Contents

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

7.2.7. Simultaneous Action

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

7.3.1. Technical Information

7.4. Module for Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.1. General Considerations and Overview

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

8.3.1. Utterances

8.3.2. Pausing

8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

8.3.4. Writing

8.3.5. Temporal Information

8.3.6. Shifts

8.4. Elements Defined Elsewhere

8.4.1. Segmentation

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

8.4.3. Regularization of Word Forms

8.4.4. Prosody

8.4.5. Speech Management

8.4.6. Analytic Coding

8.5. Module for Transcribed Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.1. General Considerations

9.2. Basic Units of CMC

9.3. Encoding Unique to CMC

9.3.1. CMC Posts

9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC post

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

9.4. CMC Macrostructure

9.4.1. Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents

9.4.2. Sequences, Sections, Threads

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

9.5. Documenting CMC (and providing general metadata)

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

9.5.3. Documenting the Sampling of CMC data

9.5.4. Participants

9.5.5. Timeline

9.6. Recommendations for Encoding CMC Microstructure

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

9.6.2. Posts with Graphics

9.6.3. Circulation

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

9.7. The TEI CMC Module

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries

10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

10.3. Top-level Constituents of Entries

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

10.3.3. Sense Information

10.3.3.1. Definitions

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

10.3.4. Etymological Information

10.3.5. Other Information

10.3.5.1. Examples

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries

10.3.6. Related Entries

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

10.5. Typographic and Lexical Information in Dictionary Data

10.5.1. Editorial View

10.5.2. Lexical View

10.5.3. Retaining Both Views

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

10.5.3.2. Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements

10.6. Unstructured Entries

10.7. The Dictionary Module

11. Manuscript Description

11.1. Overview

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

11.3. Phrase-level Elements

11.3.1. Origination

11.3.2. Material and Object Type

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

11.3.4. Dimensions

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

11.3.5.1. Identifying a Location

11.3.5.2. Linking a Location to a Transcription or an Image

11.3.5.3. Using Multiple Location Schemes

11.3.6. Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

11.3.7. Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio

11.3.8. Heraldry

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

11.5. The Manuscript Heading

11.6. Intellectual Content

11.6.1. The msItem and msItemStruct Elements

11.6.2. Authors and Titles

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

11.6.4. Filiation

11.6.5. Text Classification

11.6.6. Languages and Writing Systems

11.7. Physical Description

11.7.1. Object Description

11.7.1.1. Support

11.7.1.2. Extent

11.7.1.3. Collation

11.7.1.4. Foliation

11.7.1.5. Condition

11.7.1.6. Layout Description

11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations

11.7.2.1. Writing

11.7.2.2. Decoration

11.7.2.3. Musical Notation

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

11.7.3. Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material

11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions

11.7.3.2. Seals

11.7.3.3. Accompanying Material

11.8. History

11.9. Additional Information

11.9.1. Administrative Information

11.9.1.1. Record History

11.9.1.2. Availability and Custodial History

11.9.2. Surrogates

11.10. Manuscript Parts

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

11.12. Module for Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

12.2. Combining Transcription with Facsimile

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of surface and zone

12.3. Scope of Transcriptions

12.3.1. Altered, Corrected, and Erroneous Texts

12.3.1.1. Core Elements for Transcriptional Work

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

12.3.1.6. Cancellation of Deletions and Other Markings

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

12.3.2. Hands and Responsibility

12.3.2.1. Document Hands

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

12.3.3. Damage and Conjecture

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination

12.3.4. Marking up the Writing Process

12.3.4.1. Generic Modification

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

12.3.4.3. Fixation and Clarification

12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

12.3.4.6. Alternative Readings

12.3.4.7. Instant Corrections

12.4. Aspects of Layout

12.4.1. Space

12.4.2. Lines

12.5. Transcription and Ruby

12.6. Headers, Footers, and Similar Matter

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

12.8. Other Primary Source Features not Covered in these Guidelines

12.9. Module for Transcription of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses

13.1.1. The Apparatus Entry

13.1.2. Readings

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

13.1.4. Witness Information

13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

13.2. Linking the Apparatus to the Text

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

13.4. Strategies for Encoding Variation

13.5. Module for Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1. Attribute Classes Defined by This Module

14.1.1. Linking Names and Their Referents

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

14.2. Names

14.2.1. Personal Names

14.2.2. Organizational Names

14.2.3. Place Names

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

14.2.3.2. Geographic Names

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

14.2.4. Event Names

14.2.5. Object Names

14.3. Biographical and Prosopographical Data

14.3.1. Basic Principles

14.3.2. The Person Element

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

14.3.2.3. Personal Relationships

14.3.3. Organizational Data

14.3.4. Places

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

14.3.4.4. Relations Between Places

14.3.5. Events

14.3.6. Objects

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

14.4. Dates

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

14.4.2. Absolute Dates and Times

14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

14.5. Module for Names and Dates

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.1. Tables

15.1.1. TEI Tables

15.1.2. Other Table Schemas

15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

15.5. Overview of Basic Graphics Concepts

15.6. Graphic Image Formats

15.6.1. Vector Graphic Formats

15.6.2. Raster Graphic Formats

15.6.3. Photographic and Motion Video Formats

15.7. Module for Tables, Formulæ, Notated Music, and Graphics

16. Language Corpora

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

16.2. Contextual Information

16.2.1. The Text Description

16.2.2. The Participant Description

16.2.3. The Setting Description

16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text

16.3.1. Combining Corpus and Text Headers

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

16.3.3. Summary

16.4. Linguistic Annotation of Corpora

16.4.1. Levels of Analysis

16.5. Recommendations for the Encoding of Large Corpora

16.6. Module for Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.1. Links

17.1.1. Pointers and Links

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

17.1.3. Groups of Links

17.1.4. Intermediate Pointers

17.2. Pointing Mechanisms

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

17.2.2. Pointing Locally

17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

17.2.4. TEI XPointer Schemes

17.2.4.1. Introduction to TEI Pointers

17.2.4.2. xpath()

17.2.4.3. left()

17.2.4.4. right()

17.2.4.5. string-index()

17.2.4.6. range()

17.2.4.7. string-range()

17.2.4.8. match()

17.2.5. Canonical References

17.2.5.1. Worked Example

17.2.5.2. Complete and Partial URI Examples

17.2.5.3. Miscellaneous Usages

17.2.5.4. Citation Structures

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

17.4. Synchronization

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time

17.5. Correspondence and Alignment

17.5.1. Correspondence

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

17.7. Aggregation

17.8. Alternation

17.9. Stand-off Markup

17.9.1. Introduction

17.9.2. Overview of XInclude

17.9.3. Stand-off Markup in TEI

17.9.4. Well-formedness and Validity of Stand-off Markup

17.9.5. Including Text or XML Fragments

17.10. The standOff Container

17.11. Annotations

17.12. Connecting Analytic and Textual Markup

17.13. Module for Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories

18.1.1. Words and Above

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

18.2. Global Attributes for Simple Analyses

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

18.4. Linguistic Annotation

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

18.4.3. Spoken Text

18.5. Module for Analysis and Interpretation

19. Feature Structures

19.1. Organization of this Chapter

19.2. Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

19.8. Feature Value Expressions

19.8.1. Alternation

19.8.2. Negation

19.8.3. Collection of Values

19.9. Default Values

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

19.11. Feature System Declaration

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

19.11.2. The Overall Structure of a Feature System Declaration

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

19.11.5. A Complete Example

19.12. Formal Definition and Implementation

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

20.1.1. Transition Networks

20.1.2. Family Trees

20.1.3. Historical Interpretation

20.2. Trees

20.3. Another Tree Notation

20.4. Representing Textual Transmission

20.5. Module for Graphs, Networks, and Trees

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

21.4. Stand-off Markup

21.5. Non-XML-based Approaches

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1. Levels of Certainty

22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions

22.1.2.2. Pervasive Conditions

22.1.2.3. Content Uncertainty

22.1.2.4. Target or Match?

22.2. Indications of Precision

22.3. Attribution of Responsibility

22.4. The Certainty Module

23. Documentation Elements

23.1. Phrase Level Documentary Elements

23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms

23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions

23.2. Modules and Schemas

23.3. Specification Elements

23.4. Common Elements

23.4.1. Description of Components

23.4.2. Exemplification of Components

23.4.3. Classification of Components

23.5. Element Specifications

23.5.1. Defining Content Models

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

23.5.1.2. Defining Content Models: RELAX NG

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

23.5.3. Attribute List Specification

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

23.5.4. Processing Models

23.5.4.1. The TEI processing model

23.5.4.2. Output Rendition

23.5.4.3. CSS Class

23.5.4.4. Model Contexts and Outputs

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

23.5.4.6. Outputs

23.5.4.7. Model sequence

23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model

23.5.4.9. Implementation of Processing Models

23.6. Class Specifications

23.7. Macro Specifications

23.8. Building a TEI Schema

23.8.1. TEI customizations

23.8.2. Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules

23.8.3. Linking Schemas to XML Documents

23.9. Module for Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

24.1. Serving TEI files with the TEI Media Type

24.2. Obtaining the TEI

24.3. Customization

24.3.1. Kinds of Modification

24.3.1.1. Deletion of Elements

24.3.1.2. Modification of Content Models

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

24.3.1.5. Addition of New Elements

24.3.1.6. Renaming of Elements

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

24.3.3. Documenting the Modification

24.3.4. Examples of Modification

24.4. Conformance

24.4.1. Well-formedness Criterion

24.4.2. Validation Constraint

24.4.3. Conformance to the TEI Abstract Model

24.4.3.1. Semantic Constraints

24.4.3.2. Mandatory Components of a TEI Document

24.4.4. Use of the TEI Namespace

24.4.5. Documentation Constraint

24.4.6. Varieties of TEI Conformance

24.5. Implementation of an ODD System

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

24.5.3. Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas

24.5.4. Making a RELAX NG Schema

24.5.4.1. Macros

24.5.4.2. Classes

24.5.4.3. Elements

24.5.5. Making a DTD

24.5.6. Generating Documentation

24.5.7. Using TEI Parameterized Schema Fragments

24.5.7.1. Selection of Modules

24.5.7.2. Inclusion and Exclusion of Elements

24.5.7.3. Changing the Names of Generic Identifiers

24.5.7.4. Embedding Local Modifications (DTD only)

Appendix A Model Classes

Appendix A.1 About the Model Classes Appendix

Appendix B Attribute Classes

Appendix B.1 About the Attribute Classes Appendix

Appendix C Elements

Appendix C.1 About the Elements Appendix

Appendix D Attributes

Appendix D.1 About the Attributes Appendix

Appendix E Datatypes and Other Macros

Appendix E.1 About the Datatypes and Macros Appendix

Appendix F Bibliography

Appendix F.1 Works Cited in Examples in these Guidelines

Appendix F.2 Works Cited Elsewhere in the Text of these Guidelines

Appendix F.3 Reading List

Appendix F.3.1 Theory of Markup and XML

Appendix F.3.2 TEI

Appendix G Deprecations

Appendix G.1 Items Scheduled to be Removed

Appendix H Prefatory Notes

Appendix H.1 Prefatory Note (November 2007)

Appendix H.2 Prefatory Note (March 2002)

Appendix H.3 Introductory Note (November 2001)

Appendix H.4 Introductory Note (June 2001)

Appendix H.5 Introductory Note (May 1999)

Appendix H.5.1 Typographic Corrections Made

Appendix H.5.2 Specific Changes in the DTD

Appendix H.5.3 Outstanding Errors

Appendix H.6 Preface (April 1994)

Appendix H.7 Acknowledgments

Appendix H.7.1 TEI Working Committees (1990-1993)

Appendix H.7.2 Advisory Board

Appendix H.7.3 Steering Committee Membership

Appendix I Colophon

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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P1

1990, C.M. Sperberg-McQueen and Lou Burnard

P2

1992, C.M. Sperberg-McQueen and Lou Burnard

P3

1994, C.M. Sperberg-McQueen and Lou Burnard

P4

2001, Lou Burnard, Syd Bauman, and Steven DeRose

P5

2007, Lou Burnard and Syd Bauman

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In memoriam

Donald E. Walker
22 November 1928 – 26 November 1993

Antonio Zampolli
1937 – 22 August 2003

Sebastian Rahtz
13 February 1955 – 15 March 2016

C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen
18 May 1954 – 16 August 2024

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

iii. Preface and Acknowledgments

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Next iv. About These Guidelines

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At the time of this writing, eighteen years have passed since the TEI first released the fifth distinct version of the Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange in 2007. The release of the P5 Guidelines on 2 November 2007 was the happy result of six years of combined efforts of Editors Lou Burnard and Syd Bauman together with the recently established Technical Council, elected by the TEI community and charged with the ongoing maintenance and development of those Guidelines as an open-source project. While TEI P5 has been remarkably durable, it has survived and flourished through several infrastructure transitions and expanded in many new directions. The success of P5 can be seen in its incorporation of methods for standoff annotation; community activity supporting internationalization of glosses, descriptions, and examples; a new chapter on computer-mediated communication; and much experimental modeling that may be paving the way toward a P6, a topic of profound interest to Council members over the years.

These Guidelines have matured thanks to the stewardship of the Technical Council and the dedication of the Board over the years. The names and affiliations of all Board and Council members who served during the production of this edition of the Guidelines follow.

Appointed Editors

2001–2007: Syd Bauman (Brown Univesity)

2001–2007: Lou Burnard (University of Oxford)

Board Chair

2004–2005: Julia Flanders (Brown University)

2006: Matthew Zimmerman (New York University)

2007–2011: Daniel O’Donnell (University of Lethbridge)

2011: Martin Mueller (Northwestern University)

2011–2012: John Unsworth (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign / Brandeis University)

2012–2015: Elena Pierazzo (King’s College London / Université Stendhal-Grenoble)

2016–2017: Michelle Dalmau (Indiana University)

2018–2021: Kathryn Tomasek (Wheaton College)

2022–2025: Diane K. Jakacki (Bucknell University)

Elected Members of the Board of Directors

2011–2013, 2015–2016: Marjorie Burghart (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Lyon)

2009–2014: Lou Burnard (Oxford University Computing Services / Independent Consultant)

2013–2014: Arianna Ciula (European Science Foundation, University of Roehampton)

2023–2025: Constance Crompton (University of Ottawa)

2020–2027: James Cummings (Newcastle University)

2011–2012: Marin Dacos (Revues.org / Center for Open Electronic Publishing, Cléo, Marseilles, France)

2015–2018: Michelle Dalmau (Indiana University)

2019–2020: Christiane Fritze (Austrian National Library)

2016: Kevin S. Hawkins (University of North Texas Libraries)

2021–2026: Diane K. Jakacki (Bucknell University)

2007–2008: John Lavagnino (King’s College London)

2012–2013: Laura Mandell (Texas A & M University)

2022–2024: Wolfgang Meier (eXist Solutions)

2011–2013, 2015–2016: Martin Mueller (Northwestern University)

2017–2018: Kiyonori Nagasaki (International Institute for Digital Humanities, Tokyo)

2007–2011: Daniel O’Donnell (University of Lethbridge)

2021-2022: Ken Penner (St. Francis Xavier University)

2011-2015: Elena Pierazzo (King’s College London / Université Stendhal-Grenoble)

2019–2026: Gimena del Rio Riande (Seminario de Edicion y Critica Textual, LINHD-UNED Madrid, University of Buenos Aires)

2017–2018: Laurent Romary (Inria)

2008–2011: Susan Schreibman (Trinity College Dublin)

2007–2008: Ray Siemens (University of Victoria)

2016–2021: Kathryn Tomasek (Wheaton College)

2025–2027: Magdalena Turska (Software Developer)

2016–2017: John Unsworth (University of Virginia)

2018–2019: Georg Vogeler (University of Graz)

2011–2014: John Walsh (Indiana University Bloomington)

2015–2020: Pip Willcox (University of Oxford / The National Archives UK)

2009–2010: Christian Wittern (Kyoto University)

2013–2014: Glen Worthey (Stanford University Libraries)

Appointed (non-voting) members of the Board of Directors, in addition to the Technical Council Chair

Communications:

2022–2023: Patricia O’Connor (University of Maynooth)

2023–2025: Anna Sofia Lippolis (University of Bologna)

Treasurer:

2016–2025: Hugh Cayless (Duke University)

2013–2015: John Unsworth (Brandeis University)

2009–2013: Sarah Wells (University of Virginia)

2007–2008: Daniel Pitti (University of Virginia)

Website Editor:

2024–2025: Hugh Cayless (Duke University)

2015: Kevin S. Hawkins (University of North Texas Libraries)

2019–2021: Luis Meneses (University of Victoria)

2009–2014: David Sewell (University of Virginia Press)

Partner Representatives:

2011–2014: Sophie David (TGE Adonis)

2011–2012: Wayne Graham (University of Virginia Library)

2011–2014: Martin Wynne (Oxford Text Archive at University of Oxford)

Technical Council Chair

2002–2003: John Unsworth (University of Virginia)

2003–2007: Christian Wittern (Kyoto University)

2008–2011: Laurent Romary (Max Planck Digital Library / Inria / Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin)

2012–2014: James Cummings (University of Oxford)

2015–2017: Hugh Cayless (Duke University)

2018–2022: Martina Scholger (University of Graz)

2023–2025: Elisa Beshero-Bondar (Penn State Erie, The Behrend College)

Members of the Technical Council Appointed by the TEI Board

2001–2009: Sebastian Rahtz (University of Oxford)

2010–2014: Lou Burnard (University of Oxford / TGE Adonis / Independent Consultant)

Elected Members of the Technical Council

2011–2012: Piotr Bański (University of Warsaw)

2010–2013: Brett Barney (University of Nebraska)

2013–2026: Syd Bauman (Brown University / Northeastern University)

2021–2025: Helena Bermúdez Sabel (Université de Neuchâtel / JinnTec)

2016–2027: Elisa Beshero-Bondar (University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg / Penn State Erie, The Behrend College)

2022–2025: Elli Bleeker (Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands)

2003–2006, 2017–2018: Alejandro Bia (University of Alicante)

2019–2020: Vanessa Bigot Juloux (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes / Paris Sciences et Lettres / Andrews University, Michigan)

2004–2007: David Birnbaum (University of Pittsburgh)

2008–2013: Gabriel Bodard (King’s College London)

2008–2009: Peter Boot (Huygens Institute for Netherlands History)

2020–2021: Meaghan Brown (Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America)

2007–2008: Tone Merete Bruvik (University of Bergen)

2015–2016: Lou Burnard (Independent Consultant)

2013–2023: Hugh Cayless (New York University / Duke University)

2014–2015: Fabio Ciotti (University of Rome “Tor Vergata”)

2007–2009: Arianna Ciula (King’s College London / European Science Foundation)

2005–2019: James Cummings (University of Oxford / Newcastle University)

2020: Nicholas Cole (Pembroke College Oxford)

2002–2007, 2010: Matthew Driscoll (University of Copenhagen)

2002–2004: David Durand (Ingenta plc)

2002–2004: Tomas Erjavec (Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana)

2024: Gustavo Fernández Riva (University Library of Heidelberg)

2014–2015: Stefanie Gehrke (Biblissima)

2010–2013: Kevin Hawkins (University of Michigan)

2025–2027: Ulrike Henny-Krahmer (University of Rostock)

2010–2015, 2025–2027: Martin Holmes (University of Victoria)

2002: Fotis Jannidis (University of Munich)

2021–2023: Janelle Jenstad (University of Victoria)

2006: Amit Kumar (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

2020–2021: Jessica H. Lu (University of Maryland)

2015–2016: Stefan Majewski (Austrian National Library)

2002: Martin Mueller (Northwestern University)

2013–2014, 2016–2019: Elli Mylonas (Brown University)

2010–2011: Julianne Nyhan (University of Trier / University College London)

2023–2025: Patricia O’Connor (Independent Researcher / University of Maynooth)

2008–2011: Elena Pierazzo (King’s College London)

2006–2007, 2009–2010: Dot Porter (University of Kentucky / Digital Humanities Observatory / Indiana University)

2002–2003: Merillee Proffitt (Research Libraries Group)

2002: Peter Robinson (De Montfort University)

2009–2014: Sebastian Rahtz (University of Oxford)

2002: Geoffrey Rockwell (Macmaster University)

2024–2026: Torsten Roeder (University of Würzburg)

2002–2007: Laurent Romary (Inria / CNRS / Max Planck Digital Library)

2008–2009, 2012–2015: Paul Schaffner (University of Michigan)

2016–2027: Martina Scholger (University of Graz)

2003–2007: Susan Schreibman (University of Maryland)

2022–2024: Sabine Seifert (University of Potsdam)

2008–2009: David Sewell (University of Virginia)

2004–2005: Natasha Smith (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

2014–2022: Peter Stadler (Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe / University of Paderborn)

2017–2019: Sarah Stanley (Florida State University)

2023–2026: Joey Takeda (Digital Humanities Innovation Lab, Simon Fraser University)

2008–2009: Manfred Thaller (University of Cologne)

2006–2007: Conal Tuohy (Victoria University of Wellington)

2016–2024: Magdalena Turska (eXist Solutions / University of Oxford)

2004–2005: Edward Vanhoutte (Royal Academy of Dutch Language and Literature)

2015–2026: Raffaele Viglianti (University of Maryland)

2005–2008: John Walsh (Indiana University)

2012–2013: Rebecca Welzenbach (University of Michigan)

2002–2005: Perry Willett (Indiana University / University of Michigan)

2011–2012: Stuart Yeates (New Zealand Electronic Text Centre)

The bulk of the Council’s work has been carried out by email and by regular teleconferences and virtual work sessions. In addition, the Council has held many two-day face-to-face meetings. During development, production, and maintenance of P5, these meetings were generously hosted in person and online by many institutions, as documented:

2002: King’s College, London

2003: Oxford University Computing Services

2004: Royal Academy of Dutch Language and Literature, Ghent

2005: Association française de normalisation, Paris

2006: Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University

2007: Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin

2008: National University of Ireland, Galway

2009: Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon

2010: Royal Irish Academy, Dublin

2011: Big Ten Center, Chicago

2011: Inria, Paris

2012: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

2012: University of Oxford

2013: Brown University

2013: University of Oxford

2014: University of Oxford

2014: Duke University

2015: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

2015: Lyon

2016: Brown University

2016: Austrian Academy of Sciences

2017: Prague

2017: Victoria

2018: Cologne Center for eHumanities, Cologne University

2018: University of Tokyo

2019: Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D.C.

2019: Centre for Information Modeling, University of Graz

2022: Newcastle University

2023: University of Guelph

2023: Paderborn University

2024: Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires

During the production of TEI P5, the Council chartered a number of smaller workgroups and similar activities, each of which made significant contribution to the intellectual content of the work. Active members of these are listed below:

Character Set Workgroup

Active between July 2001 and January 2005, this group revised and developed the recommendations now forming chapters vi. Languages and Character Sets and 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes. It was chaired by Christian Wittern, and its membership included: Deborah Anderson (Berkeley); Michael Beddow (independent scholar); David Birnbaum (University of Pittsburgh); Martin Duerst (W3C/Keio University); Patrick Durusau (Society of Biblical Literature); Tomohiko Morioka (Kyoto University); and Espen Ore (National Library of Norway).

Meta Taskforce

Active between February 2003 and February 2005, this group developed the material now forming 23. Documentation Elements. It was chaired by Sebastian Rahtz, and its membership included: Alejandro Bia; David G. Durand; Laurent Romary; Norman Walsh (Sun Microsystems); and Christian Wittern.

Workgroup on Stand-Off Markup, XLink and XPointer

Active between February 2002 and January 2006, this group reviewed and expanded the material now largely forming part of 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. It was chaired by David G. Durand, and its membership included: Jean Carletta (Edinburgh University); Chris Caton (University of Oxford); Jessica P. Hekman (Ingenta plc); Nancy M. Ide (Vassar College); and Fabio Vitali (University of Bologna).

Manuscript Description Task Force

Active between February 2003 and December 2005, this group reviewed and finalised the material now forming 11. Manuscript Description. It was chaired by Matthew Driscoll and comprised David Birnbaum and Merrilee Proffitt, in addition to the TEI Editors.

Names and Places Activity

Active between January 2006 and May 2007, this group formulated the new material now forming part of 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places. It was chaired by Matthew Driscoll. and its membership included Gabriel Bodard (King's College London); Arianna Ciula; James Cummings; Tom Elliott (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); Øyvind Eide (University of Oslo); Leif Isaksen (Oxford Archaeology plc); Richard Light (private consultant); Tadeusz Piotrowski (Opole University); Sebastian Rahtz; and Tatiana Timcenko (Vilnius University).

Joint TEI/ISO Activity on Feature Structures

Active between January 2003 and August 2007, this group reviewed the material now presented in 19. Feature Structures and revised it for inclusion in ISO Standard 24610. It was chaired by Kiyong Lee (Korea University), and its active membership included the following: Harry Bunt (Tilburg); Lionel Clément (INRIA); Eric de la Clergerie (INRIA); Thierry Declerck (Saarbrücken); Patrick Drouin (University of Montréal); Lee Gillam (Surrey University); and Kōiti Hasida (ICOT).

From 2000 to 2008 the TEI had two appointed Editors, Lou Burnard (University of Oxford) and Syd Bauman (Brown University), who served ex officio on the Council and, as far as possible, on all Council workgroups.

The Council also oversees an Internationalization and Localization project, led by Sebastian Rahtz and with funding from the ALLC. This activity, ongoing since October 2005, is engaged in translating key parts of the P5 source into a variety of languages.

Production of the translations currently included in P5 has been coordinated by the following:

Chinese

Marcus Bingenheimer (Chung-hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies, Taipei / Temple University) and Weining Hwang (Würzburg University)

French

Pierre-Yves Duchemin (ENSSIB); Jean-Luc Benoit (ATILF); Anila Angjeli (BnF); Joëlle Bellec Martini (BnF); Marie-France Claerebout (Aldine); Magali Le Coënt (BIUSJ); Florence Clavaud (EnC); Cécile Pierre (BIUSJ).

German

Werner Wegstein (Würzburg University), Franz Fischer (Cologne University), Martina Scholger (University of Graz) and Peter Stadler (Paderborn University)

Italian

Marco Venuti (University of Venice) and Letizia Cirillo (University of Bologna)

Japanese

Ohya Kazushi (Tsurumi University), Kiyonori Nagasaki (University of Tokyo) and Martin Holmes (University of Victoria)

Korean

Beom-mo Kang and Jungha Hong (Korea University)

Spanish

Carmen Arronis Llopis (University of Alicante), Alejandro Bia (Miguel Hernández University), Gimena del Rio Riande (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) and Susanna Allés-Torrent (University of Miami)

Any one who works closely with the TEI Guidelines, whether as translator, editor, or reader is constantly reminded of the ambitious scope and exceptionally high editorial standards set by the original project, now over a third of a century ago. It is appropriate therefore to retain a sense of the history of this document, as it has evolved since its first appearance in 1990, and to acknowledge with gratitude the contributions made to that evolution by very many individuals and institutions around the world. The original prefatory notes to each major edition of the Guidelines recording these names are therefore preserved in an appendix to the current edition (see Appendix H Prefatory Notes).

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

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iv. About These Guidelines

Table of contents

iv.1. Structure and Notational Conventions of this Document

iv.2. Historical Background

iv.3. Future Developments and Version Numbers

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These Guidelines have been developed and are maintained by the Text Encoding Initiative Consortium (TEI); see iv.2. Historical Background. They are addressed to anyone who works with any kind of textual resource in digital form.

They make recommendations about suitable ways of representing those features of textual resources which need to be identified explicitly in order to facilitate processing by computer programs. In particular, they specify a set of markers (or tags) which may be inserted in the electronic representation of the text, in order to mark the text structure and other features of interest. Many, or most, computer programs depend on the presence of such explicit markers for their functionality, since without them a digitized text appears to be nothing but a sequence of undifferentiated bits. The success of the World Wide Web, for example, is partly a consequence of its use of such markup to indicate such features as headings and lists on individual pages, and to indicate links between pages. The process of inserting such explicit markers for implicit textual features is often called ‘markup’, or equivalently within this work ‘encoding’; the term ‘tagging’ is also used informally. We use the term encoding scheme or markup language to denote the complete set of rules associated with the use of markup in a given context; we use the term markup vocabulary for the specific set of markers or named distinctions employed by a given encoding scheme. Thus, this work both describes the TEI encoding scheme, and documents the TEI markup vocabulary.

The TEI encoding scheme is of particular usefulness in facilitating the loss-free interchange of data amongst individuals and research groups using different programs, computer systems, or application software. Since they contain an inventory of the features most often deployed for computer-based text processing, these Guidelines are also useful as a starting point for those designing new systems and creating new materials, even where interchange of information is not a primary objective.

These Guidelines apply to texts in any natural language, of any date, in any literary genre or text type, without restriction on form or content. They treat both continuous materials (‘running text’) and discontinuous materials such as dictionaries and linguistic corpora. Though principally directed to the needs of the scholarly research community, these Guidelines are not restricted to esoteric academic applications. They are also useful for librarians maintaining and documenting electronic materials, and for publishers and others creating or distributing electronic texts. Although they focus on problems of representing in electronic form texts which already exist in traditional media, these Guidelines are also applicable to textual material which is ‘born digital’. We believe them to be adequate to the widest variety of currently existing practices in using digital textual data, but by no means limited to them.

The rules and recommendations made in these Guidelines are expressed in terms of what is currently the most widely-used markup language for digital resources of all kinds: the Extensible Markup Language (XML), as defined by the World Wide Web Consortium's XML Recommendation. However, the TEI encoding scheme itself does not depend on this language; it was originally formulated in terms of SGML (the ISO Standard Generalized Markup Language), a predecessor of XML, and may in future years be re-expressed in other ways as the field of markup develops and matures. For more information on markup languages see chapter v. A Gentle Introduction to XML; for more information on the associated character encoding issues see chapter vi. Languages and Character Sets.

This document provides the authoritative and complete statement of the requirements and usage of the TEI encoding scheme. As such, although it includes numerous small examples, it must be stressed that this work is intended to be a reference manual rather than a tutorial guide.

The remainder of this chapter comprises three sections. The first gives an overview of the structure and notational conventions used throughout these Guidelines. The second enumerates the design principles underlying the TEI scheme and the application environments in which it may be found useful. Finally, the third section gives a brief account of the origins and development of the Text Encoding Initiative itself.

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TEI: Structure and Notational Conventions of this Document⚓︎iv.1. Structure and Notational Conventions of this Document

The remaining two sections of the front matter to these Guidelines provide background tutorial material for those unfamiliar with basic markup technologies. Following the present introductory section, we present a detailed introduction to XML itself, intended to cover in a relatively painless manner as much as the novice user of the TEI scheme needs to know about markup languages in general and XML in particular. This is followed by a discussion of the general principles underlying current practice in the representation of different languages and writing systems in digital form. This chapter is largely intended for the user unfamiliar with the Unicode encoding systems, though the expert may also find its historical overview of interest.

The body of this edition of these Guidelines proper contains 23 chapters arranged in increasing order of specialist interest. The first five chapters discuss in depth matters likely to be of importance to anyone intending to apply the TEI scheme to virtually any kind of text. The next seven focus on particular kinds of text: verse, drama, spoken text, dictionaries, and manuscript materials. The next nine chapters deal with a wide range of topics, one or more of which are likely to be of interest in specialist applications of various kinds. The last two chapters deal with the XML encoding used to represent the TEI scheme itself, and provide technical information about its implementation. The last chapter also defines the notion of TEI conformance and its implications for interchange of materials produced according to these Guidelines.

As noted above, this is a reference work, and is not intended to be read through from beginning to end. However, the reader wishing to understand the full potential of the TEI scheme will need a thorough grasp of the material covered by the first four chapters and the last two. Beyond that, the reader is recommended to select according to their specific interests: one of the strengths of the TEI architecture is its modular nature.

As far as possible, extensive cross referencing is provided wherever related topics are dealt with; these are particularly effective in the online version of these Guidelines. In addition, a series of technical appendixes provide detailed formal definitions for every element, every class, and every macro discussed in the body of the work; these are also cross linked as appropriate. Finally, a detailed bibliography is provided, which identifies the source of many examples cited in the text as well as documenting works referred to, and listing other relevant publications.

As an aid to the reader, most chapters of these Guidelines follow the same basic organization. The chapter begins with an overview of the subjects treated within it, linked to the following subsections. Within each section where new elements are described, a summary table is first given, which provides their names and a brief description of their intended usage. This is then followed where appropriate by further discussion of each element, including wherever possible usage examples taken somewhat eclectically from a variety of real sources. These examples are not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to suggest typical ways in which the elements concerned may usefully be applied. Where appropriate, a link to a statement of the source for most examples is provided in the online version. Within the examples, use of whitespace such as newlines or indentation is simply intended to aid legibility, and is not prescriptive or normative.

Wherever TEI elements or classes are mentioned in the text, they are linked in the online version to the relevant reference specification for the element or class concerned. Element names are always given in the form name, where ‘name’ is the generic identifier of the element; empty elements such as pb or anchor include a closing slash to distinguish them wherever they are discussed. References to attributes take the form attname, where ‘attname’ is the name of the attribute. References to classes are also presented as links, for example model.divLike for a model class, and att.global for an attribute class.

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TEI: The use of modal verbs⚓︎The use of modal verbs

In general the TEI guidelines try to be careful when using modal verbs and phrases such as 'must', 'must not, 'should', 'should not' and 'may'. In terms of the meanings, these generally follow https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp14 in the different meanings of these words. In particular:

MUST

This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" or "SHALL", means that this is an absolute requirement of the TEI Guidelines for production of a TEI conformant file.

MUST NOT

This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", means that this is an absolute prohibition of the TEI Guidelines for production of a TEI conformant file.

SHOULD

This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", means that there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a particular recommendation, but the full implications must be understood and carefully weighed before choosing a different course.

SHOULD NOT

This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED" means that there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances when the particular behavior is acceptable or even useful, but the full implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed before implementing any behavior so described.

MAY

This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", means that a recommendation is truly optional. One user may choose to follow the recommendation because a particular project requires it or feels that it enhances their work while another project may choose to not follow this recommendation.

However, the prose of the TEI Guidelines continually undergoes revision and all uses may not reflect this. Please report any errors or unclear use of these words.

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TEI: TEI Naming Conventions⚓︎TEI Naming Conventions

These Guidelines use a more or less consistent set of conventions in the naming of XML elements and classes. This section summarizes those conventions.

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TEI: Element and Attribute Names⚓︎Element and Attribute Names

An unadorned name such as ‘blort’ is the name of a TEI element or attribute. ¹.

The following conventions apply to the choice of names:

Elements are given generic identifiers as far as possible consisting of one or more tokens, by which we mean whole words or recognisable abbreviations of them, taken from the English language.

Where an element name contains more than one token, the first letter of the second token, and of any subsequent ones, is capitalized, as in for example biblStruct, listPerson. This ‘camelCasing’ is used also for attribute names and symbolic values.

Module names also use whole words, for the most part, but are always all lower case.

The specification for an element or attribute whose name contains abbreviations generally also includes a gloss element providing the expanded sense of the name.

An element specification may also contain approved translations for element or attribute names in one or more other languages using the altIdent element; this is not however generally done in TEI P5.

Whole words are generally preferred for clarity. The following abbreviations are however commonly used within generic identifiers:

att

attribute

bibl

bibliographic description or reference in a bibliography

cat

category, especially as used in text classification

char

character, typically a Unicode character

doc

document: this usually refers to the original source document which is being encoded,

decl

declaration: has a specific sense in the TEI header, as discussed in 2.1.2. Types of Content in the TEI Header

desc

description: has a specific sense in the TEI header, as discussed in 2.1.2. Types of Content in the TEI Header

grp

group. In TEI usage, a group is distinguished from a list in that the former associates several objects which act as a single entity, while the latter does not. For example, a linkGrp combines several link elements which have certain properties in common, whereas a listBibl simply lists a number of otherwise unrelated bibl elements.

interp

interpretation or analysis

lang

(natural) language

ms

manuscript

org

organization, that is, a named group of people or legal entity

rdg

reading or version found in a specific witness

ref

reference or link

spec

technical specification or definition

stmt

statement: used in a specific sense in the TEI header, as discussed in 2.1.2. Types of Content in the TEI Header

struct

structured: that is, containing a specific set of named elements rather than ‘mixed content’

val

value, for example of a variable or an attribute

wit

witness: that is, a specific document which attests specific readings in a textual tradition or apparatus

Some abbreviations are used inconsistently: for example, add is an addition, and addSpan is a spanning addition, but addName is an additional name, not the name of an addition. Such inconsistencies are relatively few in number, and it is hoped to remove them in subsequent revisions of these Guidelines.

Some elements have very short abbreviated names: these are for the most part elements which are likely to be used very frequently in a marked up text, for example p (paragraph), s (segment) hi (highlighted phrase), ptr (pointer), div (division) etc. We do not specifically list such elements here: as noted above, an expansion of each such abbreviated name is provided within the documentation using the gloss element .

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TEI: Class, Macro, and Datatype Names⚓︎Class, Macro, and Datatype Names

All named objects other than elements and attributes have one of the following prefixes, which indicate whether the object is a module, an attribute class, a model class, a datatype, or a macro:

Component | Name | Example
Attribute Classes | att.* | att.global
Model Classes | model.* | model.biblPart
Macros | macro.* | macro.paraContent
Datatypes | teidata.* | teidata.pointer

The concepts of model class, attribute class, etc. are defined in 1. The TEI Infrastructure. Here we simply note some conventions about their naming.

The following rules apply to attribute class names:

Attribute class names take the form att.xxx, where xxx is typically an adjective, or a series of adjectives separated by dots, describing a property common to the attributes which make up the class.

Attributes with the same name are considered to have the same semantics, whether the attribute is inherited from a class, or locally defined.

The following rules apply to model class names:

Model classes have names beginning model. followed by a root name, and zero or more suffixes as described below.

A root name may be the name of an element, generally the prototypical parent or sibling for elements which are members of the class.

The first suffix should be Part, if the class members are all children of the element named rootname; or Like, if the class members are all siblings of the element named rootname.

The rootname global is used to indicate that class members are permitted anywhere in a TEI document.

Additional suffixes may be added, prefixed by a dot, to distinguish subclasses, semantic or structural.

For example, the class of elements which can form part of a div is called model.divPart. This class includes as a subclass the elements which can form part of a div in a spoken text, which is named model.divPart.spoken

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TEI: Design Principles⚓︎Design Principles

Because of its roots in the humanities research community, the TEI scheme is driven by its original goal of serving the needs of research, and is therefore committed to providing a maximum of comprehensibility, flexibility, and extensibility. More specific design goals of the TEI have been that these Guidelines should:

provide a standard format for data interchange

provide guidance for the encoding of texts in this format

support the encoding of all kinds of features of all kinds of texts studied by researchers

be application independent

This has led to a number of important design decisions, such as:

the choice of XML and Unicode

the provision of a large predefined tag set

encodings for different views of text

alternative encodings for the same textual features

mechanisms for user-defined modification of the scheme

We discuss some of these goals in more detail below.

The goal of creating a common interchange format which is application independent requires the definition of a specific markup syntax as well as the definition of a large set of elements or concepts. The syntax of the recommendations made in this document conforms to the World Wide Web Consortium's XML Recommendation (Bray et al. (eds.) (2006)) but their definition is as far as possible independent of any particular schema language.

The goal of providing guidance for text encoding suggests that recommendations be made as to what textual features should be recorded in various situations. However, when selecting certain features for encoding in preference to others, these Guidelines have tended to prefer generic solutions to specific ones, and to avoid areas where no consensus exists, while attempting to accommodate as many diverse views as feasible. Consequently, the TEI Guidelines make (with relatively rare exceptions) no suggestions or restrictions as to the relative importance of textual features. The philosophy of these Guidelines is ‘if you want to encode this feature, do it this way’—but very few features are mandatory. In the same spirit, while these Guidelines very rarely require you to encode any particular feature, they do require you to be honest about which features you have encoded, that is, to respect the meanings and usage rules they recommend for specific elements and attributes proposed.

The requirement to support all kinds of materials likely to be of interest in research has largely conditioned the development of the TEI into a very flexible and modular system. The development of other XML vocabularies or standards is typically motivated by the desire to create a single fully specified encoding scheme for use in a well-defined application domain. By contrast, the TEI is intended for use in a large number of rather ill-defined and often overlapping domains. It achieves its generality by means of the modular architecture described in 1. The TEI Infrastructure which enables each user to create a schema appropriate to their needs without compromising the interoperability of their data.

The Guidelines have been written largely with a focus on text capture (i.e. the representation in electronic form of an already existing copy text in another medium) rather than text creation (where no such copy text exists). Hence the frequent use of terms like ‘transcription’, ‘original’, ‘copy text’, etc. However, these Guidelines are equally applicable to text creation, although certain elements, such as sourceDesc, and certain attributes, such as the rendition indicators, will not be relevant in this case.

Concerning text capture the TEI Guidelines do not specify a particular approach to the problem of fidelity to the source text and recoverability of the original; such a choice is the responsibility of the text encoder. The current version of these Guidelines, however, provides a more fully elaborated set of tags for markup of rhetorical, linguistic, and simple typographic characteristics of the text than for detailed markup of page layout or for fine distinctions among type fonts or manuscript hands. It should be noted also that, with the present version of these Guidelines, it is no longer necessarily the case that an unmediated version of the source text can be recovered from an encoded text simply by removing the markup.

In these Guidelines, no hard and fast distinction is drawn between ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ information or between ‘representation’ and ‘interpretation’. These distinctions, though widely made and often useful in narrow, well-defined contexts, are perhaps best interpreted as distinctions between issues on which there is a scholarly consensus and issues where no such consensus exists. Such consensus has been, and no doubt will be, subject to change. The TEI Guidelines do not make suggestions or restrictions as to which of these features should be encoded. The use of the terms descriptive and interpretive about different types of encoding in these Guidelines is not intended to support any particular view on these theoretical issues. Historically, it reflects a purely practical division of responsibility amongst the original working committees (see further iv.2. Historical Background).

In general, the accuracy and the reliability of the encoding and the appropriateness of the interpretation is for the individual user of the text to determine. The Guidelines provide a means of documenting the encoding in such a way that a user of the text can know the reasoning behind that encoding, and the general interpretive decisions on which it is based. The TEI header should be used to document and justify many such aspects of the encoding, but the choice of TEI elements for a particular feature is in itself a statement about the interpretation reached by the encoder.

In many situations more than one view of a text is needed since no absolute recommendation to embody one specific view of text can apply to all texts and all approaches to them. Within limits, the syntax of XML ensures that some encodings can be ignored for some purposes. To enable encoding multiple views, these Guidelines not only treat a variety of textual features, but sometimes provide several alternative encodings for what appear to be identical textual phenomena. These Guidelines offer the possibility of encoding many different views of the text, simultaneously if necessary. Where different views of the formal structure of a text are required, as opposed to different annotations on a single structural view, however, the formal syntax of XML (which requires a single hierarchical view of text structure) poses some problems; recommendations concerning ways of overcoming or circumventing that restriction are discussed in chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures.

In brief, the TEI Guidelines define a general-purpose encoding scheme which makes it possible to encode different views of text, possibly intended for different applications, serving the majority of scholarly purposes of text studies in the humanities. Because no predefined encoding scheme can possibly serve all research purposes, the TEI scheme is designed to facilitate both selection from a wide range of predefined markup choices, and the addition of new (non-TEI) markup options. By providing a formally verifiable means of extending the TEI recommendations, the TEI makes it simple for such user-identified modifications to be incorporated into future releases of these Guidelines as they evolve. The underlying mechanisms which support these aspects of the scheme are introduced in chapter 1. The TEI Infrastructure, and detailed discussions of their use provided in chapter 24. Using the TEI.

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TEI: Intended Use⚓︎Intended Use

We envisage three primary functions for these Guidelines:

guidance for individual or local practice in text creation and data capture;

support of data interchange;

support of application-independent local processing.

These three functions are so thoroughly interwoven in practice that it is hardly possible to address any one without addressing the others. However, the distinction provides a useful framework for discussing the possible role of these Guidelines in work with electronic texts.

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TEI: Use in Text Capture and Text Creation⚓︎Use in Text Capture and Text Creation

The description of textual features found in the chapters which follow should provide a useful checklist from which scholars planning to create electronic texts should select the subset of features suitable for their project.

Problems specific to text creation or text ‘capture’ have not been considered explicitly in this document. These Guidelines are not concerned with the process by which a digital text comes into being: it can be typed by hand, scanned from a printed book or typescript, read from a typesetter's tape, or acquired from another researcher who may have used another markup scheme (or no explicit markup at all).

We include here only some general points which are often raised about markup and the process of data capture.

XML can appear distressingly verbose, particularly when (as in these Guidelines) the names of tags and attributes are chosen for clarity and not for brevity. Editor macros and keyboard shortcuts can allow a typist to enter frequently used tags with single keystrokes. It is often possible to transform word-processed or scanned text automatically. Markup-aware software can help with maintaining the hierarchical structure of the document, and display the document with visual formatting rather than raw tags.

The techniques described in chapter 24.3. Customization may be used to develop simpler data capture TEI-conformant schemas, for example with limited numbers of elements, or with shorter names for the tags being used most often. Documents created with such schemas may then be automatically converted to a more elaborated TEI form.

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TEI: Use for Interchange⚓︎Use for Interchange

The TEI format may simply be used as an interchange format, permitting projects to share resources even when their local encoding schemes differ. If there are n different encoding formats, to provide mappings between each possible pair of formats requires n×(n-1) translations; with an interchange format, only 2×n such mappings are needed. However, for such translations to be carried out without loss of information, the interchange format chosen must be as expressive (in a formal sense) as any of the target formats; this is a further reason for the TEI's provision of both highly abstract or generic encodings and highly specific ones.

To translate between any pair of encoding schemes implies:

identifying the sets of textual features distinguished by the two schemes;

determining where the two sets of features correspond;

creating a suitable set of mappings.

For example, to translate from encoding scheme X into the TEI scheme:

Make a list of all the textual features distinguished in X.

Identify the corresponding feature in the TEI scheme. There are three possibilities for each feature:

the feature exists in both X and the TEI scheme;

X has a feature which is absent from the TEI scheme;

X has a feature which corresponds with more than one feature in the TEI scheme.

The first case is a trivial renaming. The second will require an extension to the TEI scheme, as described in chapter 24.3. Customization. The third is more problematic, but not impossible, provided that a consistent choice can be made (and documented) amongst the alternatives.

The ease with which this translation can be defined will of course depend on the clarity with which scheme X represents the features it encodes.

Translating from the TEI into scheme X follows the same pattern, except that if a TEI feature has no equivalent in X, and X cannot be extended, information must be lost in translation.

The rules defining conformance to these Guidelines are given in some detail in chapter 24.4. Conformance. The basic principles informing those rules may be summarized as follows:

The TEI abstract model (that is, the set of categorical distinctions which it defines in the prose of the Guidelines) must be respected. The correspondence between a tag X and the semantic function assigned to it by these Guidelines may not be changed; such changes are known as tag abuse and strongly discouraged.

A TEI document must be expressed as a valid XML-conformant document which uses the TEI namespace appropriately. If, for example, the document encodes features not provided by these Guidelines, such extensions should not be associated with the TEI namespace.

It must be possible to validate a TEI document against a schema derived from these Guidelines, possibly with extensions provided in the recommended manner.

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TEI: Use for Local Processing⚓︎Use for Local Processing

Machine-readable text can be manipulated in many ways; some users:

edit texts (e.g. word processors, syntax-directed editors)

edit, display, and link texts in hypertext systems

format and print texts using desktop publishing systems, or batch-oriented formatting programs

load texts into free-text retrieval databases or conventional databases

unload texts from databases as search results or for export to other software

search texts for words or phrases

perform content analysis on texts

collate texts for critical editions

scan texts for automatic indexing or similar purposes

parse texts linguistically

analyze texts stylistically

scan verse texts metrically

link text and images

These applications cover a wide range of likely uses but are by no means exhaustive. The aim has been to make the TEI Guidelines useful for encoding the same texts for different purposes. We have avoided anything which would restrict the use of the text for other applications. We have also tried not to omit anything essential to any single application.

Because the TEI format is expressed using XML, almost any modern text processing system is able to process it, and new TEI-aware software systems are able to build on a solid base of existing software libraries.

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TEI: Historical Background⚓︎iv.2. Historical Background

The Text Encoding Initiative grew out of a planning conference sponsored by the Association for Computers and the Humanities (ACH) and funded by the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), which was held at Vassar College in November 1987. At this conference some thirty representatives of text archives, scholarly societies, and research projects met to discuss the feasibility of a standard encoding scheme and to make recommendations for its scope, structure, content, and drafting. During the conference, the Association for Computational Linguistics and the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing agreed to join ACH as sponsors of a project to develop these Guidelines. The outcome of the conference was a set of principles (the ‘Poughkeepsie Principles’, Burnard (1988)), which determined the further course of the project.

The Text Encoding Initiative project began in June 1988 with funding from the NEH, soon followed by further funding from the Commission of the European Communities, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Four working committees, composed of distinguished scholars and researchers from both Europe and North America, were named to deal with problems of text documentation, text representation, text analysis and interpretation, and metalanguage and syntax issues. Each committee was charged with the task of identifying ‘significant particularities’ in a range of texts, and two editors appointed to harmonize the resulting recommendations.

A first draft version (P1, with the ‘P’ here and subsequently standing for ‘Proposal’) of the Guidelines was distributed in July 1990 under the title Guidelines for the Encoding and Interchange of Machine-Readable Texts. Extensive public comment and further work on areas not covered in this version resulted in the drafting of a revised version, TEI P2, distribution of which began in April 1992. This version included substantial amounts of new material, resulting from work carried out by several specialist working groups, set up in 1990 and 1991 to propose extensions and revisions to the text of P1. The overall organization, both of the draft itself and of the scheme it describes, was entirely revised and reorganized in response to public comment on the first draft.

In June 1993 an Advisory Board met to review the current state of the TEI Guidelines, and recommended the formal publication of the work done to that time. That version of the TEI Guidelines, TEI P3, consolidated the work published as parts of TEI P2, along with some additional new material and was finally published in May of 1994 without the label draft, thus marking the conclusion of the initial development work.

In February of 1998 the World Wide Web Consortium issued a final Recommendation for the Extensible Markup Language, XML.² Following the rapid take-up of this new standard metalanguage, it became evident that the TEI Guidelines (which had been published originally as an SGML application) needed to be re-expressed in this new formalism if they were to survive. The TEI editors, with abundant assistance from others who had developed and used TEI, developed an update plan, and made tentative decisions on relevant syntactic issues.

In January of 1999, the University of Virginia and the University of Bergen formally proposed the creation of an international membership organization, to be known as the TEI Consortium, which would maintain, develop, and promote the TEI. Shortly thereafter, two further institutions with longstanding ties to the TEI (Brown University and Oxford University) joined them in formulating an Agreement to Establish a Consortium for the Maintenance of the Text Encoding Initiative (An Agreement to Establish a Consortium for the Maintenance of the Text Encoding Initiative (March 1999)), on which basis the TEI Consortium was eventually established and incorporated as a not-for-profit legal entity at the end of the year 2000. The first members of the new TEI Board took office during January of 2001.

The TEI Consortium was established in order to maintain a permanent home for the TEI as a democratically constituted, academically and economically independent, self-sustaining, non-profit organization. In addition, the TEI Consortium was intended to foster a broad-based user community with sustained involvement in the future development and widespread use of the TEI Guidelines (Burnard (2000)).

To oversee and manage the revision process in collaboration with the TEI Editors, the TEI Board formed a Technical Council, with a membership elected from the TEI user community. The Council met for the first time in January 2002 at King's College London. Its first task was to oversee production of an XML version of the TEI Guidelines, updating P3 to enable users to work with the emerging XML toolset. This, the P4 version of the Guidelines, was published in June 2002. It was essentially an XML version of P3, making no substantive changes to the constraints expressed in the schemas apart from those necessitated by the shift to XML, and changing only corrigible errors identified in the prose of the P3 Guidelines. However, given that P3 had by this time been in steady use since 1994, it was clear that a substantial revision of its content was necessary, and work began immediately on the P5 version of the Guidelines. This was planned as a thorough overhaul, involving a public call for features and new development in a number of important areas not previously addressed including character encoding, graphics, manuscript description, biographical and geographical data, and the encoding language in which the TEI Guidelines themselves are written.

The members of the TEI Council and its associated workgroups are listed in iii. Preface and Acknowledgments. In preparing this edition, they have been attentive to the requirements and practice of the widest possible range of TEI users, who are now to be found in many different research communities across the world, and have been largely instrumental in transforming the TEI from a grant-supported international research project into a self-sustaining community-based effort. One effect of the incorporation of the TEI has been the legal requirement to hold an annual meeting of the Consortium members; these meetings have emerged as an invaluable opportunity to sustain and reinforce that sense of community.

The present work is therefore the result of a sustained period of consultation, drafting, and revision, with input from many different experts. Whatever merits it may have are to be attributed to them; the Editors accept responsibility only for the errors remaining.

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TEI: Future Developments and Version Numbers⚓︎iv.3. Future Developments and Version Numbers

The encoding recommended by this document may be used without fear that future versions of the TEI scheme will be inconsistent with it in fundamental ways. The TEI will be sensitive, in revising these Guidelines, to the possible problems which revision might pose for those who are already using this version of these Guidelines.

With TEI P5, a version numbering system is introduced following the pattern specified by the Unicode Consortium: the first digit identifies a major version number, the second digit a minor version number, and the third digit a sub-minor version number. The TEI undertakes that no change will be made to the formal expression of these Guidelines (that is, a TEI schema, as defined in 24.4. Conformance) such that documents conformant to a given major numbered release cease to be compatible with a subsequent release of the same major number. Moreover, as far as possible, new minor releases will be made only for the purpose of adding new compatible features, or of correcting errors in existing features.

The Guidelines are currently maintained as an open source project on the Github site https://github.com/TEIC/TEI, from which released and development versions may be freely downloaded. See Previous Releases of P5 for information on how to find specific versions of TEI releases (Guidelines, schemas etc.). Notice of errors detected and enhancements requested may be submitted at https://github.com/TEIC/TEI/issues.

Notes

1

During generation of TEI RELAX NG schema fragments, the patterns corresponding with these TEI names are given a prefix tei to allow them to co-exist with names from other XML namespace. This prefix is not visible to the end user, and is not used in TEI documentation. When generating multi-namespace schemas, however, the user needs to be aware of them.

2

XML was originally developed as a way of publishing on the World Wide Web richly encoded documents such as those for which the TEI was designed. Several TEI participants contributed heavily to the development of XML, most notably XML's senior co-editor C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, who served as the North American editor for the TEI Guidelines from their inception until 1999.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

v. A Gentle Introduction to XML

Table of contents

v.1. What's Special about XML?

v.2. Textual Structures

v.3. XML Structures

v.4. Validating a Document's Structure

v.5. Complicating the Issue

v.6. Attributes

v.7. Other Components of an XML Document

v.8. Putting It All Together

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The encoding scheme defined by these Guidelines is formulated as an application of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) (Bray et al. (eds.) (2006)). XML is widely used for the definition of device-independent, system-independent methods of storing and processing texts in electronic form. It is now also the interchange and communication format used by many applications on the World Wide Web. In the present chapter we informally introduce some of its basic concepts and attempt to explain to the reader encountering them for the first time how and why they are used in the TEI scheme. More detailed technical accounts of TEI practice in this respect are provided in chapters 24. Using the TEI, 1. The TEI Infrastructure, and 23. Documentation Elements of these Guidelines.

Strictly speaking, XML is a metalanguage, that is, a language used to describe other languages, in this case, markup languages. Historically, the word markup has been used to describe annotation or other marks within a text intended to instruct a compositor or typist how a particular passage should be printed or laid out. Examples include wavy underlining to indicate boldface, special symbols for passages to be omitted or printed in a particular font, and so forth. As the formatting and printing of texts was automated, the term was extended to cover all sorts of special codes inserted into electronic texts to govern formatting, printing, or other processing.

Generalizing from that sense, we define markup, or (synonymously) encoding, as any means of making explicit an interpretation of a text. Of course, all printed texts are implicitly encoded (or marked up) in this sense: punctuation marks, capitalization, disposition of letters around the page, even the spaces between words all might be regarded as a kind of markup, the purpose of which is to help the human reader determine where one word ends and another begins, or how to identify gross structural features such as headings or simple syntactic units such as dependent clauses or sentences. Encoding a text for computer processing is, in principle, like transcribing a manuscript from scriptio continua³; it is a process of making explicit what is conjectural or implicit, a process of directing the user as to how the content of the text should be (or has been) interpreted.

By markup language we mean a set of markup conventions used together for encoding texts. A markup language must specify how markup is to be distinguished from text, what markup is allowed, what markup is required, and what the markup means. XML provides the means for doing the first three; documentation such as these Guidelines is required for the last.

The present chapter attempts to give an informal introduction to those parts of XML of which a proper understanding is necessary to make best use of these Guidelines. The interested reader should also consult one or more of the many excellent introductory textbooks and web sites now available on the subject.⁴

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TEI: What's Special about XML?⚓︎v.1. What's Special about XML?

XML has three highly distinctive advantages:

it places emphasis on descriptive rather than procedural markup;

it distinguishes the concepts of syntactic correctness and of validity with respect to a document type definition;

it is independent of any one hardware or software system.

These three aspects are discussed briefly below, and then in more depth in the remainder of this chapter.

XML is frequently compared with HTML, the language in which web pages have generally been written, which shares some of the above characteristics. Compared with HTML, however, XML has some other important features:

XML is extensible: it does not consist of a fixed set of tags;

XML documents must be well-formed according to a defined syntax;

an XML document can be formally validated against a set of schema rules for consistent application;

XML is more interested in the meaning of data than in its presentation.

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TEI: Descriptive Markup⚓︎Descriptive Markup

In a descriptive markup system, the markup codes used do little more than categorize parts of a document. Markup codes such as <para> or \end{list} simply identify a portion of a document and assert of it that ‘the following item is a paragraph’, or ‘this is the end of the most recently begun list’, etc. By contrast, a procedural markup system defines what processing is to be carried out at particular points in a document: ‘call procedure PARA with parameters 42, b, and x here’ or ‘move the left margin 2 quads left, move the right margin 2 quads right, skip down one line, and go to the new left margin,’ etc. In XML, the instructions needed to process a document for some particular purpose (for example, to format it) are sharply distinguished from the markup used to describe it.

Usually, the markup or other information needed to process a document will be maintained separately from the document itself, typically in a distinct document called a stylesheet, though it may do much more than simply define the rendition or visual appearance of a document.⁵

When descriptive markup is used, the same document can readily be processed in many different ways, using only those parts of it which are considered relevant. For example, a content analysis program might disregard entirely the footnotes embedded in an annotated text, while a formatting program might extract and collect them all together for printing at the end of each chapter. Different kinds of processing can be carried out with the same part of a file. For example, one program might extract names of persons and places from a document to create an index or database, while another, operating on the same text, but using a different stylesheet, might print names of persons and places in a distinctive typeface.

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TEI: Types of Document⚓︎Types of Document

A second key aspect of XML is its notion of a document type: documents are regarded as having types, just as other objects processed by computers do. The type of a document is formally defined by its constituent parts and their structure. The definition of a ‘report’, for example, might be that it consisted of a ‘title’ and possibly an ‘author’, followed by an ‘abstract’ and a sequence of one or more ‘paragraphs’. Anything lacking a title, according to this formal definition, would not formally be a report, and neither would a sequence of paragraphs followed by an abstract, whatever other report-like characteristics these might have for the human reader.

If documents are of known types, a special-purpose program (called a parser), once provided with an unambiguous definition of a document type, can check that any document claiming to be of that type does in fact conform to the specification. A parser can check that all elements specified for a particular document type are present and no others, that they are combined in appropriate ways, correctly ordered, and so forth. More significantly, different documents of the same type can be processed in a uniform way. Programs can be written which take advantage of the knowledge encapsulated in the document type information, and which can thus behave in a more ‘intelligent’ fashion.

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TEI: Data Independence⚓︎Data Independence

A basic design goal of XML is to ensure that documents encoded according to its provisions can move from one hardware and software environment to another without loss of information. The two features discussed so far both address this requirement at an abstract level; the third feature addresses it at the level of the strings of data characters that make up a document. All XML documents, whatever languages or writing systems they employ, use the same underlying character encoding (that is, the same method of representing as binary data those graphic forms making up a particular writing system).⁶ This encoding is defined by an international standard,⁷ which is implemented by a universal character set maintained by an industry group called the Unicode Consortium, and known as Unicode.⁸ Unicode provides a standardized way of representing any of the many thousands of discrete symbols making up the world's writing systems, past and present.

Most modern computing systems now support Unicode directly; for those which do not, XML provides a mechanism for the indirect representation of single characters by means of their character number, known as character references; see further Character References.

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TEI: Textual Structures⚓︎v.2. Textual Structures

A text is not an undifferentiated sequence of words, much less of bytes. For different purposes, it may be divided into many different units, of different types or sizes. A prose text such as this one might be divided into sections, chapters, paragraphs, and sentences. A verse text might be divided into cantos, stanzas, and lines. Once printed, sequences of prose and verse might be divided into volumes, gatherings, and pages.

Structural units of this kind are most often used to identify specific locations or refer to points within a text (‘the third sentence of the second paragraph in chapter ten’; ‘canto 10, line 1234’; ‘page 412’, etc.) but they may also be used to subdivide a text into meaningful fragments for analytic purposes (‘is the average sentence length of section 2 different from that of section 5?’ ‘how many paragraphs separate each occurrence of the word nature? how many pages?’). Other structural units are more clearly analytic, in that they characterize a section of a text. A dramatic text might regard each speech by a different character as a unit of one kind, and stage directions or pieces of action as units of another kind. Such an analysis is less useful for locating parts of the text (‘the 93rd speech by Horatio in Act 2’) than for facilitating comparisons between the words used by one character and those of another, or those used by the same character at different points of the play.

In a prose text one might similarly wish to regard as units of different types passages in direct or indirect speech, passages employing different stylistic registers (narrative, polemic, commentary, argument, etc.), passages of different authorship and so forth. And for certain types of analysis (most notably textual criticism) the physical appearance of one particular printed or manuscript source may be of importance: paradoxically, one may wish to use descriptive markup to describe presentational features such as typeface, original topographic lineation, use of whitespace, and so forth.

These textual structures overlap with one another in complex and unpredictable ways. Particularly when dealing with texts as instantiated by paper technology, the reader needs to be aware of both the physical organization of the book and the logical structure of the work it contains. Many great works (Sterne's Tristram Shandy for example) cannot be fully appreciated without an awareness of the interplay between narrative units (such as chapters or paragraphs) and presentational ones (such as page divisions). For many types of research, the interplay among different levels of analysis is crucial: the extent to which syntactic structure and narrative structure mesh, or fail to mesh, for example, or the extent to which phonological structures reflect morphology.

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TEI: XML Structures⚓︎v.3. XML Structures

This section describes the simple and consistent mechanism for the markup or identification of textual structure provided by XML. It also describes the methods XML provides for the expression of rules defining how units of textual structure can meaningfully be combined in a text.

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TEI: Elements⚓︎Elements

The technical term used in XML for a textual unit, viewed as a structural component, is element. Different types of elements are given different names, but XML provides no way of expressing the meaning of a particular type of element, other than its relationship to other element types. That is, all one can say about an element called (say) <blort> is that instances of it may (or may not) occur within elements of type <farble>, and that it may (or may not) be decomposed into elements of type <blortette>. It should be stressed that XML is entirely unconcerned with the semantics of textual elements, because these are considered to be application dependent. It is up to the creators of XML vocabularies (such as these Guidelines) to choose intelligible element names and to define their intended use in text markup. That is the chief purpose of documents such as the TEI Guidelines. From the need to choose element names indicative of function comes the technical term for the name of an element type, which is generic identifier, or GI.

Within a marked-up text (a document instance), each element must be explicitly marked or tagged in some way. This is done by inserting a tag at the beginning of the element (a start-tag) and another at its end (an end-tag). The start- and end-tag pair are used to bracket off element occurrences within the running text, in rather the same way as different types of parentheses or quotation marks are used in conventional punctuation. For example, a quotation element in a text might be tagged as follows:

... Rosalind's
remarks <quote>This is the silliest stuff that ere I heard
of!</quote> clearly indicate ...

⚓︎

As this example shows, a start-tag takes the form <quote>, where the opening angle bracket indicates the start of the start-tag, ‘quote’ is the generic identifier of the element that is being delimited, and the closing angle bracket indicates the end of the start-tag. An end-tag takes an identical form, except that the opening angle bracket is followed by a solidus (slash) character, so that the corresponding end-tag is </quote>.⁹ The material between the start-tag and the end-tag (the string of words ‘This is the silliest stuff that ere I heard of’ in the example above) is known as the content of the element. Sometimes there may be nothing between the start and the end-tag; in this case the two may optionally be merged together into a single composite tag with the solidus at the end, like this: <quote/>.

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TEI: Content Models: an Example⚓︎Content Models: an Example

An element may be empty, that is, it may have no content at all, or it may contain just a sequence of characters with no other elements. Often, however, elements of one type will be embedded (contained entirely) within elements of a different type.

To illustrate this, we will consider a very simple structural model. Let us assume that we wish to identify within an anthology only poems, their headings, and the stanzas and lines of which they are composed. In XML terms, our document type is the anthology, and it consists of a series of poems. Each poem has embedded within it one element, a heading, and several occurrences of another, a stanza, each stanza having embedded within it a number of line elements. Fully marked up, a text conforming to this model might appear as follows:

<anthology>
 <poem>
  <heading>The SICK ROSE</heading>
  <stanza>
   <line>O Rose thou art sick.</line>
   <line>The invisible worm,</line>
   <line>That flies in the night</line>
   <line>In the howling storm:</line>
  </stanza>
  <stanza>
   <line>Has found out thy bed</line>
   <line>Of crimson joy:</line>
   <line>And his dark secret love</line>
   <line>Does thy life destroy.</line>
  </stanza>
 </poem>
<!-- more poems go here -->
</anthology>

bibliography ⚓︎

It should be stressed that this example does not use the names proposed for corresponding elements elsewhere in these Guidelines: the above is thus not a valid TEI document.¹⁰ It will, however, serve as an introduction to the basic notions of XML. Whitespace and line divisions have been added to the example for the sake of visual clarity only; they have no particular significance in the XML encoding itself. Also, the line

<!-- more poems go here -->⚓

is an XML comment and is not treated as part of the text.

As it stands, the above example is what is known as a well-formed XML document because it obeys the following simple rules:

there is a single element enclosing the whole document: this is known as the root element (<anthology> in our case);

each element is completely contained by the root element, or by an element that is so contained; elements do not partially overlap one another;

a tag explicitly marks the start and end of each element.

A well-formed XML document can be processed in a number of useful ways. A simple indexing program could extract only the relevant text elements in order to make a list of headings, first lines, or words used in the poem text; a simple formatting program could insert blank lines between stanzas, perhaps indenting the first line of each, or inserting a stanza number. Different parts of each poem could be typeset in different ways. A more ambitious analytic program could relate the use of punctuation marks to stanzaic and metrical divisions.¹¹ Scholars wishing to see the implications of changing the stanza or line divisions chosen by the editor of this poem can do so simply by altering the position of the tags. And of course, the text as presented above can be transported from one computer to another and processed by any program (or person) capable of making sense of the tags embedded within it with no need for the sort of transformations and translations needed for files which have been saved in one or other of the proprietary formats preferred by most word-processing programs.

As we noted above, one of the attractions of XML is that it enables us to apply our own names for the elements rather than requiring us always to use names predefined by other agencies. Clearly, however, if we wish to exchange our poems with others, or to include poems others have marked up in our anthology, we will need to know a bit more about the names used for the tags. The means that XML provides for this is called a namespace. In our simple example, the tags just contain a simple name. As we shall see, it is also possible to use tags that include a qualified name, that is, a name with an optional prefix identifying the set of names to which it belongs. For example, we have defined an element <line> for the purpose of marking lines of verse. Another person might, however, define an element called <line> for the purpose of marking typographic lines, or drawn lines. Because of these different meanings, if we wish to share data it will be necessary to distinguish the two ‘line’ components in our marked-up texts. This is achieved by including a namespace prefix within the markup, for example like this:

 <my:line>This is one of my lines</my:line>
<!-- ... -->
<yr:line>This is one of your lines</yr:line>⚓

This feature is particularly important if we have different definitions of what a ‘line’ is, of course, but there are many occasions when it is useful to distinguish groups of tags belonging to different ‘markup vocabularies’; we discuss this further below (Namespaces). One particularly useful namespace prefix is predefined for XML: it is xml and we will see examples of its use below.

Namespaces allow us to represent the fact that a name belongs to a group of names, but don't allow us to do much more by way of checking the integrity or accuracy of our tagging. Simple well-formedness alone is not enough for the full range of what might be useful in marking up a document. It might well be useful if, in the process of preparing our digital anthology, a computer system could check some basic rules about how stanzas, lines, and headings can sensibly co-occur in a document. It would be even more useful if the system could check that stanzas are always tagged <stanza> and not occasionally <canto> or <Stanza>. An XML document in which such rules have been checked is technically known as a valid document, and the ability to perform such validation is one of the key advantages of using XML. To carry this out, some way of formally stating the criteria for successful validation is necessary: in XML this formal statement is provided by an additional document known as a schema.¹²

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TEI: Validating a Document's Structure⚓︎v.4. Validating a Document's Structure

The design of a schema may be as lax or as restrictive as the occasion warrants. A balance must be struck between the convenience of following simple rules and the complexity of handling real texts. This is particularly the case when the rules being defined relate to texts that already exist: the designer may have only the haziest of notions as to an ancient text's original purpose or meaning and hence find it very difficult to specify consistent rules about its structure. On the other hand, where a new text is being prepared to an exact specification, for entry into a textual database of some kind for example, the more precisely stated the rules, the better they can be enforced. Even in marking up an existing text, a restrictive set of schema rules may be beneficial, especially when applied to test a particular view or hypothesis about the text. A schema designed for use by a small project or team is likely to take a different position on such issues than one intended for use by a large and possibly fragmented community. It is important to remember that every schema results from an interpretation of a text. There is no single schema encompassing the absolute truth about any text, although it may be convenient to privilege some schemas above others for particular types of analysis.

XML is widely used in environments where uniformity of document structure is a major desideratum. In the production of technical documentation, for example, it is of major importance that sections and subsections should be properly nested, that cross-references should be properly resolved and so forth. In such situations, documents are seen as raw material to match against predefined sets of rules. As discussed above, however, the use of simple rules can also greatly simplify the task of tagging accurately elements of less rigidly constrained texts. By making these schema rules explicit, scholars reduce their own burdens with consistently marking up and verifying the electronic text. By defining and sharing their schema rules, scholars openly express a project-specific interpretation of the structure and significant particularities of the text being encoded.

Schema validation for XML is usually written in the RELAX NG language (http://relaxng.org/) originally developed within the OASIS Technical Committee and now an ISO standard¹³, though other older methods include the Document Type Definition (DTD) language which XML inherited from SGML and the XML Schema language (https://www.w3.org/XML/Schema) defined by the W3C.¹⁴ In this chapter, and throughout these Guidelines, we give examples using the ‘compact syntax’ of RELAX NG for ease of reading. The specifications for the TEI Guidelines are first expressed in the TEI language itself and a RELAX NG schema is generated from them for processing convenience. Details about schema customization using the TEI ODD language are addressed in 23. Documentation Elements, 24.3. Customization and 24.5. Implementation of an ODD System.

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TEI: An Example Schema⚓︎An Example Schema

For the purposes of illustrating how a schema works to restrict how XML may be written, we use the RELAX NG compact syntax in what follows. The following schema can be used to validate our example poem:

anthology_p = element anthology { poem_p+ }
poem_p = element poem { heading_p?, stanza_p+ }
stanza_p = element stanza {line_p+}
heading_p = element heading { text }
line_p = element line { text }
start = anthology_p⚓

Note that this is not the only way in which a RELAX NG schema might be written; we have adopted this idiom, however, because it matches that used throughout the rest of these Guidelines.

A RELAX NG schema expresses rules about the possible structure of a document in terms of patterns; that is, it defines a number of named patterns, each of which acts as a kind of template against which an input document can be matched. The meaning of a pattern is expressed in a schema either by reference to other patterns, or to a small number of fundamental built-in concepts, as we shall see. In the example above, the word to the left of the equals sign is the pattern's name, and the material following it declares a meaning for the pattern. Patterns may also be of particular types; the ones that interest us here are called element patterns and attribute patterns. In this example we see definitions for five element patterns. Note that we have used similar names for the pattern and the element which the pattern describes: so, for example, the line anthology_p = element anthology {poem_p+} defines an element pattern called anthology_p, the value of which defines an element called anthology. These naming conventions are arbitrary; we could use the same name for the pattern as for the element, but we want to make clear that the two are syntactically quite distinct. The name, or generic identifier, of the element follows the word ‘element’, and the content model for the element is given within the curly braces following that. Each of these parts is discussed further below.

The last line of the schema above tells a RELAX NG validator which element (or elements) in a document can be used as the root element: in our case only <anthology>. This enables the validator to detect whether a particular document is well-formed but incomplete; it also simplifies the processing task by providing an ‘entry point’.

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TEI: Generic Identifier⚓︎Generic Identifier

Following the word ‘element’ each pattern declaration gives the generic identifier (often abbreviated to GI) of the element being defined, for example poem, heading, etc. A GI may contain letters, digits, hyphens, underscore characters, or full stops, but must begin with a letter and may not contain a space.¹⁵ Uppercase and lowercase letters are quite distinct: an element with the GI <foo> is not the same as an element with the GI <Foo>; the root element of a TEI-conformant document is TEI, not <tei>.

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TEI: Content Model⚓︎Content Model

The second part of each declaration, enclosed in curly braces, is called the content model of the element being defined, because it specifies what may legitimately be contained within it. In RELAX NG, the content model is defined in terms of other patterns, either by embedding them, or (as in our examples above) by naming or referring to them. The RELAX NG compact syntax also uses a small number of reserved words to identify other possible contents for an element, of which by far the most commonly encountered is text, as in this example: it means that the element being defined may contain any valid character data, but no elements. If an XML document is thought of as a structure like a family tree, with a single ancestor at the top (in our case, this would be <anthology>), then almost always, following the branches of the tree downwards (for example, from <anthology> to <poem> to <stanza> to <line> and <heading>) will lead eventually to text. In our example, <heading> and <line> are so defined, since their content models say text only and name no embedded elements.

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TEI: Occurrence Indicators⚓︎Occurrence Indicators

The declaration for <stanza> in the example above states that a stanza consists of one or more lines. It uses an occurrence indicator (the plus sign) to indicate how many times something matching the pattern line_p may be repeated. There are three occurrence indicators: the plus sign, the question mark, and the asterisk or star. The plus sign means that the pattern can match one or more times; the question mark means that it may match at most once but is not mandatory; the star means that the pattern concerned is not mandatory, but may match more than once. Thus, if the content model for <stanza> were {line_p*}, stanzas with no lines would be possible as well as those with more than one line. If it were {line_p?}, again empty stanzas would be permitted, but no stanza could have more than a single line. The declaration for <poem> in the example above thus states that a <poem> cannot have more than one heading, but may have none, and that it must have at least one <stanza> and may have several.

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TEI: Connectors⚓︎Connectors

The content model {heading_p?, stanza_p+} contains more than one component, and thus needs additionally to specify the order in which these patterns (<heading_p> and <stanza_p>) may appear. This ordering is determined by the connector (the comma) used between its components. The comma connector indicates that the patterns concerned must appear in the sequence given. Another commonly encountered connector is the vertical bar, representing alternation. If the comma in this example were replaced by a vertical bar, then a <poem> would consist of either a heading or just stanzas—but not both!

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TEI: Groups⚓︎Groups

In our example so far, the components of each content model have been either single patterns or text. We often need to define content models in more complicated ways, in which the components are lists of patterns, combined by connectors. Such lists may also be modified by occurrence indicators and themselves combined by connectors. To demonstrate these facilities, let us expand our example so that it may include non-stanzaic types of verse. For the sake of demonstration, we will categorize poems as one of the following: stanzaic, couplets, or blank (or stichic). A blank-verse poem consists simply of lines (we ignore the possibility of verse paragraphs for the moment), so no additional elements need be defined for it. We could define a couplet as a <firstLine> followed by a <secondLine>, which distinction might be useful in a study of rhyme schemes.¹⁶

couplet_p = element couplet {firstLine_p, secondLine_p}⚓

The patterns firstLine_p and secondLine_p define elements <firstLine> and <secondLine>; these will have exactly the same content model as the existing <line> element. We will therefore add the following two lines to our example schema:

firstLine_p = element firstLine {text} secondLine_p = element secondLine {text}⚓

Next, we can change the declaration for the <poem> element to include all three possibilities:

 poem_p = element poem
{ heading_p?, (stanza_p+ | couplet_p+ | line_p+) }⚓

That is, a poem consists of an optional heading, followed by one or several stanzas, or one or several couplets, or one or several lines. Note the difference between this declaration and the following:

poem_p = element poem
{heading_p?, (stanza_p | couplet_p | line_p)+ }⚓

The second version, by applying the occurrence indicator to the group rather than to each element within it, would allow a single poem to contain a mixture of stanzas, couplets, and lines.

A group of this kind can contain text as well as named elements: this combination, known as mixed content, allows for elements in which the sub-components appear with intervening stretches of character data. For example, if we wished to mark place names wherever they appear inside our verse lines, then, assuming we have also added a pattern for the <name> element, we could change the definition for <line> to

line_p = element
line { (text | name_p )* }⚓

Some XML schema languages place no constraints on the way that mixed content models may be defined, but in the XML DTD language, when text appears with other elements in a content model, it must always appear as the first option in an alternation; it may appear once only, and in the outermost model group; and if the group containing it is repeated, the star operator must be used. Although these constraints are not strictly necessary in RELAX NG schemas, all TEI content models currently obey them.

Quite complex models can be built in this way, to match the structural complexity of many types of text. For example, consider the case of stanzaic verse in which a refrain or chorus appears. Like a stanza, a refrain consists of repetitions of the line element. A refrain can appear at the start of a poem only, or as an optional addition following each stanza. This could be expressed by a pattern such as the following:

refrain_p = element refrain {line_p+}
poem_p = element poem   {heading_p?, ( line_p+ | (refrain_p?, (stanza_p,
refrain_p?)+ )) }⚓

That is, a poem consists of an optional heading, followed by either a sequence of lines or an unnamed group, which starts with an optional refrain and is followed by one or more occurrences of another group, each member of which is composed of a stanza followed by an optional refrain. A sequence such as refrain - stanza - stanza - refrain follows this pattern, as does the sequence stanza - refrain - stanza - refrain. The sequence refrain - refrain - stanza - stanza does not, however, and neither does the sequence stanza - refrain - refrain - stanza. Among other conditions made explicit by this content model are the requirements that at least one stanza must appear in a poem, if it is not composed simply of lines, and that if there is both a heading and a stanza they must appear in that order.

Note that the apparent complexity of this model derives from the constraints expressed informally above. A simpler model, such as

poem_p =
element poem {heading_p?, (line_p | refrain_p | stanza_p)+ }⚓

would not enforce any of them, and would therefore permit such anomalies as a poem consisting only of refrains, or an arbitrary mixture of lines and refrains.

It is beyond the scope of this "Gentle Introduction to XML" to provide a complete orientation to schema writing with Relax NG, but interested readers may wish to consult more thorough tutorials on the subject.¹⁷ The examples and explanation provided here may be helpful to consult when reading the schema declarations posted for groupings of TEI elements that share the same content model, such as macro.phraseSeq, whose declaration features an example of mixed text and element content. Due to the complexity of the TEI schema as expressed in Relax NG, it is best to customize its content model in TEI itself by writing an ODD, as discussed in 24.5. Implementation of an ODD System.

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TEI: Complicating the Issue⚓︎v.5. Complicating the Issue

In the simple cases described so far, we have assumed that one can identify the immediate constituents of every element in a textual structure. A poem consists of stanzas, and an anthology consists of poems. Stanzas do not float around unattached to poems or combined into some other unrelated element; a poem cannot contain an anthology. All the elements of a given document type may be arranged into a hierarchic structure like a family tree, with a single ancestor at one end and many children (mostly the elements containing simple text) at the other. For example, we could represent an anthology containing two poems, the first of which contains two four-line stanzas and the second a single stanza, by a tree structure like the following figure:

This graphic represents the hierarchical structure of an XML document, resembling a family tree. Most XML processing systems now use a standardized way of accessing parts of an XML document called XPath.¹⁸ XPath gives us a non-graphical way of referring to any part of an XML document: for example, we might refer to the last line of Blake's poem as /anthology/poem[1]/stanza[2]/line[4]. The square brackets here indicate a numerical selection: we are talking about the fourth line in the second stanza of the first poem in the anthology. If we left out all the square-bracketted selections, the corresponding XPath expression would refer to all lines contained by stanzas contained by poems contained by anthologies. An XPath expression can refer to any collection of elements: for example, the expression /anthology/poem refers to all poems in an anthology and the expression /anthology/poem/heading refers to all their headings.

The forward slash (‘/’, U+002F SOLIDUS) within an XPath expression behaves in much the same way as a forward slash or backslash does in a filename specification. To use a family tree analogy, a single slash indicates that the item to the immediate left is a parent of the item(s) to the right of it. For example, in the XPath expression /anthology/poem, the single slash between anthology and poem indicates that anthology is a parent of the poem children elements. (The first forward slash in the XPath expression indicates the document node.) In XPath, it is also possible to refer to children, grandchildren, and other descendants of the family tree using two forward slashes together. For example, the XPath expression /anthology/poem//line will refer to all of the lines of all of the stanzas of all the poems, without having to represent the stanza element in the XPath.

Clearly, there are many such trees that might be drawn to describe the structure of this or other anthologies. Some of them might be representable as further subdivisions of this tree: for example, we might subdivide the lines into individual words, since in our simple example no word crosses a line boundary. Surprisingly perhaps, this grossly simplified view of what text is (memorably termed an ordered hierarchy of content objects (OHCO) view of text by Renear et al.¹⁹) turns out to be very effective for a large number of purposes. It is not, however, adequate for the full complexity of real textual structures, for which more complex mechanisms need to be employed. There are many other trees that might be drawn which do not fit within the anthology model which we have presented so far. We might, for example, be interested in syntactic structures or other linguistic constructs, which rarely respect the formal boundaries of verse. Or, to take a simpler example, we might want to represent the pagination of different editions of the same text.

In the OHCO model of text, representation of cases where different elements overlap so that several different trees may be identified in the same document is generally problematic. All the elements marked up in a document, no matter what namespace they belong to, must fit within a single hierarchy. To represent overlapping structures, therefore, a single hierarchy must be chosen, and the points at which other hierarchies intersect with it marked. For example, we might choose the verse structure as our primary hierarchy, and then mark the pagination by means of empty elements inserted at the boundary points between one page and the next. Or we could represent alternative hierarchies by means of the pointing and linking mechanisms described in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment of these Guidelines. These mechanisms all depend on the use of attributes, which may be used both to identify particular elements within a document and to point to, link, or align them into arbitrary structures.

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TEI: Attributes⚓︎v.6. Attributes

In the XML context, the word attribute, like some other words, has a specific technical sense. It is used to describe information that is in some sense descriptive of a specific element occurrence but not regarded as part of its content. For example, you might wish to add a status attribute to occurrences of some elements in a document to indicate their degree of reliability, or to add an identifier attribute so that you could refer to particular element occurrences from elsewhere within a document. Attributes are useful in precisely such circumstances.

Although different elements may have attributes with the same name (for example, in the TEI scheme, every element is defined as having an attribute named n), they are always regarded as different, and may have different values assigned to them. If an element has been defined as having attributes, the attribute values are supplied in the document instance as attribute-value pairs inside the start-tag for the element occurrence. An end-tag cannot contain an attribute-value specification, since it would be redundant.

The order in which attribute-value pairs are supplied inside a tag has no significance; they must, however, be separated by at least one whitespace (blank, newline, or tab) character. The value part must always be given inside matching quotation marks, either single or double²⁰.

For example:

<poem xml:id="Poem1" status="draft"> ... </poem>

⚓︎

Here attribute values are being specified for two attributes previously declared for the <poem> element: xml:id and status. For the instance of a <poem> in this example, represented here by ellipsis points, the xml:id attribute has the value P1 and the status attribute has the value draft. An XML processor can use the values of the attributes in any way it chooses; for example, a <poem> in which the status attribute has the value draft might be formatted differently from one in which the same attribute has the value revised; another processor might use the same attribute to determine whether or not poem elements are to be processed at all. The xml:id attribute is a slightly special case in that, by convention, it is always used to supply a unique value to identify a particular element occurrence, which may be used for cross-reference purposes, as discussed further below (Identifiers and Indicators).

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TEI: Declaring Attributes⚓︎Declaring Attributes

Attributes are declared in a schema in the same way as elements. As well as specifying an attribute's name and the element to which it is to be attached, it is possible to specify (within limits) what kind of value is acceptable for an attribute.

In the compact syntax of RELAX NG, an attribute is defined by means of an attribute pattern, like the following:

att.status = attribute status {"draft" | "revised" | "published"}⚓

This defines a new pattern, called att.status, whose value is an attribute pattern defining an attribute named status. Attribute names are subject to the same restrictions as other names in XML; they need not be unique across the whole schema, however, but only within the list of attributes for a given element.

A pattern defining the possible values for this attribute is given within the curly braces, in just the same way as a content model is given for an element pattern. In this case, the attribute's value must be one of the strings presented explicitly above.

The attribute pattern definition must be included or referenced within the definition for every element to which the attribute is attached. We therefore modify the definition for the poem_p pattern given above as follows:

poem_p = element poem { att.status?, heading_p?, stanza_p+ }⚓

In RELAX NG, an element pattern simply includes any attribute patterns applicable to it along with its other constituents, as shown above. Attribute patterns can also be grouped and alternated in the same way as element patterns, though this particular feature is not widely used in the TEI scheme, since it is not available to the same extent in all schema languages. Because a question mark follows the reference to the att.status pattern in our example, a document in which the status attribute is not specified will still be valid; without this occurrence indicator the status attribute would be required.

Instead of supplying a list of explicit values, an attribute pattern can specify that the attribute must have a value of a particular type, for example a text string, a numeric value, a normalized date, etc. This is accomplished by supplying a pattern that refers to a datatype. In the example above, because a list of acceptable values is predefined, a parser can check that no <poem> is defined for which the status attribute does not have one of draft, revised, or published as its value. By contrast, with a definition such as

att.status =
attribute status {text}⚓

a parser would accept almost any unbroken string of characters (status="awful", status="awe-ful", or status="12345678") as valid for this attribute. Sometimes, of course, the set of possible values cannot be predefined. Where it can, as in this case, it is generally better to do so.

Schema languages vary widely in the extent to which they support validation of attribute values. Some languages predefine a small set of possibilities. Others allow the schema designer to use values from a predefined ‘library’ of possible datatypes, or to add their own definitions, possibly of great complexity. A ‘datatype’ might be something fairly general (any positive integer), something very specific or idiosyncratic (any four-character string ending with "T"), or somewhere between the two. In the RELAX NG schemas used by the TEI, general patterns have been defined for about half a dozen datatypes (using the W3C Schema Datatype Library, and discussed further in 1.4.2. Datatype Specifications). In addition to the two possibilities already mentioned—plain text or an explicit list of possible strings—other datatypes likely to be encountered include the following:

boolean

values must be either true or false

numeric

values must represent a numeric quantity of some kind

date

values must represent a possible date and time in some calendar

Two further datatypes of particular usefulness in managing XML documents are commonly known as ID—for identifier—and URI—for Universal Resource Indicator, or pointer for short. These are discussed in the next section.

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TEI: Identifiers and Indicators⚓︎Identifiers and Indicators

It is often necessary to refer to an occurrence of one textual element from within another, an obvious example being phrases such as ‘see note 6’ or ‘as discussed in chapter 5’. When a text is being produced the actual numbers associated with the notes or chapters may not be certain. If we are using descriptive markup, such things as page or chapter numbers, being entirely matters of presentation, will not in any case be present in the marked-up text: they will be assigned by whatever processor is operating on the text (and may indeed differ in different applications). XML therefore predefines an attribute that may be used to provide any element occurrence with a special identifier, a kind of label, which may be used to refer to it from anywhere else: since it is defined in the XML namespace, the name of this attribute is xml:id and it is used throughout the TEI schema. Because it is intended to act as an identifier, its values must be unique within a given document. The cross-reference itself will be supplied by an element bearing an attribute of a specific kind, which must also be declared in the schema.

Suppose, for example, we wish to include a reference within the notes on one poem that refers to another poem. We will first need to provide some way of attaching a label to each poem: this is easily done using the xml:id attribute. Note that not every poem need carry an xml:id attribute and the parser may safely ignore the lack of one in those that do not. Only poems to which we intend to refer need use this attribute; for each such poem we should now include in its start-tag some unique identifier, for example:

<poem xml:id="Rose"> ... </poem>
<poem xml:id="P40"> ... </poem>
<poem> ... </poem>

⚓︎

Next we need to define a new element for the cross-reference itself. This will not have any content—it is only a pointer—but it has an attribute, the value of which will be the identifier of the element pointed at. This is achieved by the following definition:

poemRef_p = element poemRef {attribute target {anyURI}, empty}⚓

The <poemRef> element has no content, but a single attribute called target. The value of this attribute must be a pointer or web reference of type anyURI;²¹ furthermore, because there is no indication of optionality on the attribute pattern, it must be supplied on each occurrence—a <poemRef> with no referent is an impossibility.

With these declarations in force, we can now encode a reference to the poem whose xml:id attribute specifies that its identifier is Rose as follows:

Blake's poem on the sick rose
<poemRef target="#Rose"/> ...

⚓︎

A processor may take any number of actions when it encounters a link encoded in this way: a formatter might construct an exact page and line reference for the location of the poem in the current document and insert it, or just quote the poem's title or first lines. A hypertext style processor might use this element as a signal to activate a link to the poem being referred to, for example by displaying it in a new window. Note, however, that the purpose of the XML markup is simply to indicate that a cross-reference exists: it does not necessarily determine what the processor is to do with it.

The target of a URI can be located anywhere: it may not necessarily be part of the same document, nor even located on the same computer system. Equally, it can be a resource of any kind, not necessarily an XML document or document fragment. It is thus a very convenient way of including references to non-XML data such as image files within a document. If, for example, we wished to include an illustration containing a reproduction of Blake's original in our anthology, the most appropriate method would probably be to define a new element called (for the sake of argument) <graphic> with a target attribute of datatype URI:

graphic_p = element graphic {att.url, empty} att.url =
attribute url {anyURI}⚓

With these additions to the schema, we can now represent the location of the illustration within our text like this:

<poem>
 <graphic url="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Image:Blake_sick_rose.jpg"/>
</poem>

bibliography ⚓︎

By providing a location from which a reproduction of the required image can be downloaded, this encoding makes it possible for appropriate software able to display the image as well as record its existence.

Attributes form part of the structure of an XML document in the same way as elements, and can therefore be accessed using XPath. For example, to refer to all the poems in our anthology whose status attribute has the value draft, we might use an XPath such as /anthology/poem[@status='draft']. To find the headings of all such poems, we would use the XPath /anthology/poem[@status='draft']/heading.

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TEI: Other Components of an XML Document⚓︎v.7. Other Components of an XML Document

In addition to the elements and attributes so far discussed, an XML document can contain a few other formally distinct things. An XML document may contain references to predefined strings of data that a validator must resolve before attempting to validate the document's structure; these are called entity references. They may be useful as a means of providing ‘boilerplate’ text or representing character data which cannot easily be keyboarded. As noted earlier, an XML document may also contain instances of elements taken from some other namespace. And an XML document may also contain arbitrary signals or flags for use when the document is processed in a particular way by some class of processor (a common example in document production is the need to force a formatter to start a new page at some specific point in a document); such flags are called processing instructions. We discuss each of these three cases in the rest of this section.

The XML declaration should be supplied at the very beginning of every XML file; while it looks like a processing instruction, it is not, and may not occur anywhere other than at the very beginning of an XML file. For example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>⚓

The XML declaration specifies the version number of the XML Recommendation applicable to the document it introduces (in this case, version 1.0), and optionally also the character encoding used to represent the Unicode characters within it. By default an XML document uses the character encoding UTF-8 or UTF-16; other commonly-encountered encodings include ISO 8859-1. If any character present in the document is not available in the specified character encoding, it must be represented as a character reference (Character References). The XML declaration is documentary, but should normally be supplied at the start of any XML file. If it is missing many XML-aware processors will be unable to process the associated text correctly.

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TEI: Character References⚓︎Character References

As mentioned above, all XML documents use the same internal character encoding. Since not all computer systems currently support this encoding directly, a special syntax is defined that can be used to represent individual characters from the Unicode character set in a portable way by providing their numeric value, in decimal or hexadecimal notation.

For example, the character é is represented within an XML document as the Unicode character with hexadecimal value 00E9. If such a document is being prepared on (or exported to) a system using a different character set in which this character is not available, it may instead be represented by the character reference &#x00E9; (the x indicating that what follows is a hexadecimal value) or &#0233; (its decimal equivalent). References of this type do not need to be predefined, since the underlying character encoding for XML is always the same.

To aid legibility, however, it is also possible to use a mnemonic name (such as eacute) for such character references, provided that each such name is mapped to the required Unicode value by means of a construct known as an entity declaration. A reference to a named character entity always takes the form of an ampersand, followed by the name, followed by a semicolon. For example an XML document containing the string ‘T&C’ might be encoded as T&amp;C.

There is a small set of such character entity references that do not have to be declared because they form part of the definition of XML. These include the names used for characters such as the ampersand (amp) and the open angle bracket or less-than sign (lt), which could not easily otherwise be included in an XML document without ambiguity. Other predeclared entity names are those for quotation marks (quot and apos for double and single respectively), and for completeness the closing angle bracket or greater-than sign (gt).

For all other named character entities, a set of entity declarations must be provided to an XML processor before the document referring to them can be validated. The declaration itself uses a non-XML syntax inherited from SGML; for example, to define an entity named eacute with the replacement value é, the declaration could have any of the following forms:

<!ENTITY eacute "é">⚓

or, using hexadecimal notation:

<!ENTITY eacute "&#xe9;">⚓

or, using decimal notation:

<!ENTITY eacute "&#233;">⚓

Entities of this kind are useful also for string substitution purposes, where the same text needs to be repeated uniformly throughout a text. For example, if a declaration such as

<!ENTITY TEI "Text Encoding Initiative">⚓

is included with a document, then references such as &TEI; may be used within it, each of which will be expanded in the same way and replaced by the string ‘Text Encoding Initiative’ before the text is validated.

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TEI: Namespaces⚓︎Namespaces

A valid XML document necessarily specifies or implies some schema within which its constituent elements are defined and rules about their usage are given: this is a part of what it means to be ‘valid’. By contrast, a well formed XML document is not required to specify a schema at all. Nonetheless, it may well be useful to indicate that the element names used in it have some defined provenance. It might also be desirable to include in a document elements that are defined (possibly differently) in different schemas. A cabinet-maker's schema might well define an element called <table> with very different characteristics from those of a documentalist's.

The concept of namespace was introduced into the XML language as a means of addressing these and related problems. If the markup of an XML document is thought of as an expression in some language, then a namespace may be thought of as analogous to the lexicon of that language. Just as a document can contain words taken from different languages, so a well-formed XML document can include elements taken from different namespaces. A namespace resembles a schema in that we may say that a given set of elements ‘belongs to’ a given namespace, or are ‘defined by’ a given schema. However, a schema is a set of element definitions, whereas a namespace is really only a property of a collection of elements: the only tangible form it takes in an XML document is its distinctive prefix and the identifying name associated with it.

Suppose for example that we wish to extend our anthology to include a complex diagram. We might start by considering whether or not to extend our simple schema to include XML markup for such features as arcs, polygons, and other graphical elements. XML can be used to represent any kind of structure, not simply text, and there are clear advantages to having our text and our diagrams all expressed in the same way.

Fortunately we do not need to invent a schema for the representation of graphical components such as diagrams; it already exists in the shape of the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) language defined by the W3C.²² SVG is a widely used and rich XML vocabulary for representing all kinds of two-dimensional graphics; it is also well supported by existing software. Using an SVG-aware drawing package, we can easily draw our diagram and save it in XML format for inclusion within our anthology. When we do so, we need to indicate that this part of the document contains elements taken from the SVG namespace, if only to ensure that processing software does not confuse our <line> element with the SVG <line>, which means something quite different.

An XML document need not specify any namespace: it is then said to use the ‘null’ namespace. Alternatively, the root element of a document may supply a default namespace, understood to apply to all elements which have no namespace prefix. This is the function of the xmlns attribute which provides a unique name for the default namespace, in the form of a URI:

<anthology>
<!-- anthology markup elements here -->
</anthology>

bibliography ⚓︎

In exactly the same way, on the root element for each part of our document which uses the SVG language, we might introduce the SVG namespace name:

<anthology>

<!-- anthology markup elements here -->
 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!-- SVG markup elements here -->
 </svg>
<!-- more anthology markup elements here -->
</anthology>

bibliography ⚓︎

Although a namespace name usually uses the URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) syntax, it is not treated as an online address and an XML processor regards it just as a string, providing a longer name for the namespace.

The xmlns attribute can also be used to associate a short prefix name with the namespace it defines. This is very useful if we want to mingle elements from different namespaces within the same document, since the prefix can be attached to any element, overriding the implicit namespace for itself (but not its children):

<anthology
   xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">

<!-- anthology markup elements here -->
 <svg:svg>
<!-- SVG markup elements here -->
 </svg:svg>
<!-- more anthology markup elements here -->
</anthology>

bibliography ⚓︎

There is no limit on the number of namespaces that a document can use. Provided that each is uniquely identified, an XML processor can identify those that are relevant, and validate them appropriately. To extend our example further, we might decide to add a linguistic analysis to each of the poems, using a set of elements such as <aux>, <adj>, etc., derived from some pre-existing XML vocabulary for linguistic analysis.

<anthology
   xmlns:gram="http://www.gram.org"
   xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">

<!-- anthology markup elements here -->
 <svg:svg>
<!-- SVG markup elements here -->
 </svg:svg>
 <line>
  <gram:itj>O</gram:itj>
  <gram:nom>Rose</gram:nom>
  <gram:pron>thou</gram:pron>
  <gram:aux>art</gram:aux>
  <gram:adj>sick</gram:adj>
 </line>
</anthology>

⚓︎

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TEI: Marked Sections⚓︎Marked Sections

We mentioned above that the syntax of XML requires the encoder to take special action if characters with a syntactic meaning in XML (such as the left angle bracket or ampersand) are to be used in a document to stand for themselves, rather than to signal the start of a tag or an entity reference respectively. The predefined entities &amp;, &lt;, and &gt; provide one method of dealing with this problem, if the number of occurrences of such things is small. Other methods may be considered when the number is large, as in an XML document like the present Guidelines, which contains hundreds of examples of XML markup. One is to label the XML examples as belonging to a different namespace from that of the document itself, which is the approach taken in the present Guidelines. Another and simpler approach is provided by one of the features inherited by XML from its parent SGML: the ‘marked section’.

A marked section is a block of text within an XML document introduced by the characters <![CDATA[ and terminated by the characters ]]>. Between these rather strange brackets, markup recognition is turned off, and any tags or entity references encountered are therefore treated as if they were plain text. For example, when we come to write the users' manual for our anthology, we may find ourselves often producing text like the following:

Here is an example of the use of the <gi>line</gi> element:
<![CDATA[<line>[...]</line>]]>⚓

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TEI: Processing Instructions⚓︎Processing Instructions

Although one of the aims of using XML is to remove any information specific to the processing of a document from the document itself, it is occasionally very convenient to be able to include such information—if only so that it can be clearly distinguished from the structure of the document. As suggested above, one common example is the need, when processing an XML document for printed output, to include a suggestion that the formatting processor might use to determine where to begin a new page of output. It is generally best to leave pagination of the output to the formatting engine alone, but there will always be occasions when it may be necessary to override these. An XML processing instruction inserted into the document is one very simple and effective way of doing this without interfering with other aspects of the markup.

Here is an example XML processing instruction:

<?tex \newpage ?>⚓

It begins with <? and ends with ?>. In between are two strings separated by a space: the first is the name of some processor (tex in the above example) and the second is some data intended for the use of that processor (in this case, the instruction to start a new page). The only constraint placed by XML on the strings is that the first one must be a valid XML name other than XML, Xml, or xml, etc. The second string can be any arbitrary sequence of characters, not including the closing character-sequence ?>.

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TEI: Putting It All Together⚓︎v.8. Putting It All Together

In this chapter we have discussed most of the components of an XML document and its associated schema. We have described informally how an XML document is represented, and also introduced one way of representing the rules a RELAX NG validator might use to validate it. In a working system, the following issues will also need to be addressed:

how does a processor determine the schema (or schemas) that should be used to validate a given XML document instance?

if a document contains entity references that must be processed before the document can be validated, where are those entities defined?

an XML document instance may be stored in a number of different operating system files; how should they be assembled together?

how does a processor determine which stylesheets it should use when processing an XML document, or how to interpret any processing instructions it contains?

how does a processor enforce more exact validation than simple datatypes permit (for example of element content)?

Different schema languages and different XML processing systems take very different positions on all of these topics, since none of them is explicitly addressed in the XML specification itself. Consequently, the best answer is likely to be specific to a particular software environment and schema language. Since this chapter is concerned with XML considered independently of its processing environment, we only address them in summary detail here.

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TEI: Associating Entity Definitions with a Document Instance⚓︎Associating Entity Definitions with a Document Instance

In Character References we introduced the syntax used for the definition of named character entities such as eacute, which XML inherited from SGML. Different schema languages vary in the ways they make a collection of such definitions available to an XML processor, but fortunately there is one method that all current schema languages support.

As well as, and following, the XML declaration (Processing Instructions), an XML document instance may be prefixed with a special DOCTYPE statement. This declarative statement has been inherited by XML from SGML; in its full form it provides a large number of facilities, but we are here concerned only with the small subset of those facilities recognized by all schema languages.

Here is an example DOCTYPE statement which we might consider prefixing to the final version of our anthology:

<!DOCTYPE anthology [
<!ENTITY mdash "&#2014;">
<!ENTITY legalese "This document is available under a Creative Commons
Share and Enjoy Licence">
]>⚓

Any XML processor encountering this statement will use it to add the two named entities it defines to those already predefined for XML. Before the document instance itself is validated, any references to these entities will be expanded to the character string given. Thus, wherever in the document instance the string &legalese; appears, it will be replaced by the formulation above. This makes life a little easier for those keyboarding our anthology.²³ The word anthology following the string DOCTYPE in this example is, of course, the name of the root element of the document to which this declaration is prefixed; however, only an XML DTD processor will take note of this fact.

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TEI: Associating a Document Instance with Its Schema⚓︎Associating a Document Instance with Its Schema

In the past, different schema languages adopted entirely different attitudes to this question, leading to a variety of different methods of associating schemas with document instances. However, a W3C Working Group Note, Associating Schemas with XML documents, (https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-model/) now provides a standardized method of doing this through the use of a processing instruction:

<?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng"?>⚓

The href pseudo-attribute points to the location of the schema. This is the only mandatory pseudo-attribute, but others can be added to give more information about the schema:

<?xml-model href="burgess.rng"
                       title="Anthony Burgess Project Schema"
                       schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"
                       type="application/xml"
                     ?>⚓

See the XML Model WG Note for more information on the pseudo-attributes available and how to use them.

A document instance may be valid according to many different schemas, each appropriate to a different processing task. All of these may be expressed in the same way:

<?xml-model href="tei_tite.xsd" type="application/xml" ?>
<?xml-model href="checkNames.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron" ?>⚓

This example includes a standard schema in XML Schema format, along with a Schematron schema which might be used for checking the format and linking of names.

Any modern XML processing software tool will provide convenient methods of validating documents which are appropriate to the particular schema language chosen. In the interests of maximizing portability of document instances, they should contain as little processing-specific information as possible.

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TEI: Assembling Multiple Resources into a Single Document⚓︎Assembling Multiple Resources into a Single Document

As we have already indicated, a single XML document may be made up of several different operating system files that need to be pulled together by a processor before the whole document can be validated. The XML DTD language defines a special kind of entity (a system entity) that can be used to embed references to whole files into a document for this purpose, in much the same way as the character or string entities discussed in Character References. Neither RELAX NG nor W3C Schema directly supports this mechanism, however, and we do not discuss it further here.

An alternative way of achieving the same effect is to use a special kind of pointer element to refer to the resources that need to be assembled, in exactly the same way as we proposed for the illustration in our anthology. The W3C Recommendation XML Inclusions (XInclude)²⁴ defines a generic mechanism for this purpose, which is supported by an increasing number of XML processors.

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TEI: Stylesheet Association and Processing⚓︎Stylesheet Association and Processing

As mentioned above, the processing of an XML document will usually involve the use of one or more stylesheets, often but not exclusively to provide specific details of how the document should be displayed or rendered. In general, there is no reason to associate a document instance with any specific stylesheet and the schema languages we have discussed so far do not therefore make any special provision for such association. The association is made when the stylesheet processor is invoked, and is thus entirely application-specific.

However, since one very common application for XML documents is to serve them as browsable documents over the Web, the W3C has defined a procedure and a syntax for associating a document instance with its stylesheet (see https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-stylesheet/). This Recommendation allows a document to supply a link to a default stylesheet and also to categorize the stylesheet according to its MIME type, for example to indicate whether the stylesheet is written in CSS or XSLT, using a specialized form of processing instruction.

Assuming therefore that we have made a CSS-conformant stylesheet for our anthology and stored it in a file called anthology.css which is available from the same location as the anthology itself, we could make it available over the Web simply by adding a processing instruction like the following to the anthology:

<?xml-stylesheet href="anthology.css" type="text/css"?>⚓

Multiple stylesheets can be defined for the same document, and options are available to specify how a web browser should select amongst them. For example, if the document also contained a directive:

<?xml-stylesheet href="anthology_m.css" type="text/css" media="mobile"?>⚓

a different stylesheet called anthology_m.css could be used when rendering the document on a handheld device such as a mobile phone.

Most modern web browsers support CSS (although the extent of their implementation varies), and some of them support XSLT.

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TEI: Content Validation⚓︎Content Validation

As we noted above, most schema languages provide some degree of datatype validation for attribute values (Declaring Attributes). They vary greatly in the validation facilities they offer for the content of elements, other than the syntactic constraints already discussed. Thus, while we may very easily check that our <stanza> elements contain only <line> elements, we cannot easily check that <line> elements contain between five and 500 correctly-spelled English words, should we wish to constrain our poetry in such a way. Also, because attributes and elements are treated differently, it is difficult or impossible to express co-occurrence constraints: for example, if the status of a poem is draft we might wish to permit elements such as <editorialQuery> within its content, but not otherwise.

The XML DTD language offers very little beyond syntactic checking of element content. By contrast, a major impetus behind the design and development of the W3C schema language was the addition of a much more general and powerful constraint language to the existing structural constraints of XML DTDs. In RELAX NG the opposite approach was taken, in that all datatype validation, whether of attributes or element content, is regarded as external to the schema language. For attributes, as we have seen, RELAX NG makes use of the W3C Schema Datatype Library (but permits use of others). Because RELAX NG treats both elements and attributes as special cases of patterns, the same datatype validation facilities are available for element content as for attribute values; it is unlike other schema languages in this respect. In addition, for content validation, a different component of DSDL known as Schematron can be used. Schematron is a pattern matching (rather than a grammar-based) language, which allows us to test the components of a document against templates that express constraints such as those mentioned above.

Like other XML processors, Schematron uses XPath to identify parts of an XML document; in addition, it provides elements that describe assertions to be tested and conditions which must be validated, as well as elements to report the results of the test.

Notes

3

In the ‘continuous writing’ characteristic of manuscripts from the early classical period, words are written continuously with no intervening spaces or punctuation.

4

New textbooks and websites about XML appear at regular intervals and to select any one of them would be invidious. some recommended online courses include http://www.w3schools.com/xml/default.asp and https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/tutorials/xmlintro/xmlintro.html.

5

We do not here discuss in any detail the ways that a stylesheet can be used or defined, nor do we discuss the popular W3C Stylesheet Languages XSLT and CSS. See further Berglund (ed.) (2006), Clark (ed.) (1999), and Lie and Bos (eds.) (1999).

6

See Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, available from https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/, Section 2.2 Characters.

7

ISO/IEC 10646-1993 Information Technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)

8

See https://www.unicode.org/

9

Because the opening angle bracket has this special function in an XML document, special steps must be taken to use that character for other purposes (for example, as the mathematical less-than operator); see further section Character References.

10

The element names here have been chosen for clarity of exposition; there is, however, a TEI element corresponding to each.

11

Note that this simple example has not addressed the problem of marking elements such as sentences explicitly; the implications of this are discussed in section v.5. Complicating the Issue.

12

The older terms Document Type Declaration and Document Type Definition, both abbreviated as DTD, may also be encountered. Throughout these Guidelines we use the term schema for any kind of formal document grammar.

13

ISO/IEC FDIS 19757-2 Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) — Part 2: Regular-grammar-based validation — RELAX NG

14

Schema validation languages co-evolved with early markup language specifications, as summarized in Rick Jelliffe's Family Tree of Schema Languages for Markup Languages.

15

In XML, a single colon may also appear in a GI, where it has a special significance related to the use of namespaces, as further discussed in section Namespaces. The characters defined by Unicode as combining characters and as extenders are also permitted, as are logograms such as Chinese characters.

16

This example is probably not a good practice for most XML projects, since XPath provides ways of distinguishing elements in an XML structure by their position, or the order in which they appear in relation to one another, without the need to give them distinct names.

17

For a complete tutorial introduction to RELAX NG, see van der Vlist (2004).

18

The official specification is at Clark and DeRose (eds.) (1999); many introductory tutorials are available in the XML references cited above and elsewhere on the Web: good beginners' tutorials include http://dh.obdurodon.org/introduction-xpath.xhtml, http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath_intro.asp and http://www.zvon.org/xxl/XPathTutorial/, the latter being available in several languages.

19

See Renear et al. (1996).

20

In the unlikely event that both kinds of quotation marks are needed within the quoted string, either or both can also be presented in escaped form, using the predefined character entities &apos; or &quot;

21

The word ‘anyURI’ is a predefined name, used in schema languages to mean that any Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) may be supplied here. The accepted syntax for URIs is an Internet Standard, defined in http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986. anyURI is one of the datatypes defined by the W3C Schema datatype library.

22

The W3C Recommendation is defined at https://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/.

23

And, indeed, for those responsible for deciding the licensing conditions if they change their minds later.

24

https://www.w3.org/TR/xinclude/.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

vi. Languages and Character Sets

Table of contents

vi.1. Language Identification

vi.2. Characters and Character Sets

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The documents which users of these Guidelines may wish to encode encompass all kinds of material, potentially expressed in the full range of written and spoken human languages, including the extinct, the non-existent, and the conjectural. Because of this wide scope, special attention has been paid to two particular aspects of the representation of linguistic information often taken for granted: language identification and character encoding.

Even within a single document, material in many different languages may be encountered. Human culture, and the texts which embody it, is intrinsically multilingual, and shows no sign of ceasing to be so. Traditional philologists and modern computational linguists alike work in a polyglot world, in which code-switching (in the linguistic sense) and accurate representation of differing language systems constitute the norm, not the exception. The current increased interest in studies of linguistic diversity, most notably in the recording and documentation of endangered languages, is one aspect of this long standing tradition. Because of their historical importance, the needs of endangered and even extinct languages must be taken into account when formulating Guidelines and recommendations such as these.

Beyond the sheer number and diversity of human languages, it should be remembered that in their written forms they may deploy a huge variety of scripts or writing systems. These scripts are in turn composed of smaller units, which for simplicity we term here characters. A primary goal when encoding a text should be to capture enough information for subsequent users to correctly identify not only the constituent characters, but also the language and script. In this chapter we address this requirement, and propose recommended mechanisms to indicate the languages, scripts and characters used in a document or a part thereof.

Identification of language is dealt with in vi.1. Language Identification. In summary, it recommends the use of pre-defined identifiers for a language where these are available, as they increasingly are, in part as a result of the twin pressures of an increasing demand for language-specific software and an increased interest in language documentation. Where such identifiers are not available or not standardized, these Guidelines recommend a method for documenting language identifiers and their significance, in the same way as other metadata is documented in the TEI header.

Standardization of the means available to represent characters and scripts has moved on considerably since the publication of the first version of these Guidelines. At that time, it was essential to explicitly document the characters and encoded character sets used by almost any digital resource if it was to have any chance of being usable across different computer platforms or environments, but this is no longer the case. With the availability of the Unicode standard, more than 128,000 different characters representing almost all of the world's current writing systems are available and usable in any XML processing environment without formality. Nevertheless, however large the number of standardized characters, there will always be a need to encode documents which use non-standard characters and glyphs, particularly but not exclusively in historical material. The second part of this chapter discusses in some detail the concepts and practice underlying this standard, and also introduces the methods available for extending beyond it, which are more fully discussed in 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes.

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TEI: Language Identification⚓︎vi.1. Language Identification

Identification of the language a document or part thereof is written in is a crucial requirement for many envisioned usages of an electronic document. The TEI therefore accommodates this need in the following way:

A global attribute xml:lang is defined for all TEI elements. Its value identifies the language and writing system used.

The TEI header has a section set aside for the information about the languages used in a document: see further 2.4.2. Language Usage.

The value of the attribute xml:lang identifies the language (and, optionally, script) using a coded value. For maximal compatibility with existing processes, the identifier for the language must be constructed as in Best Current Practice 47²⁵. This same identifier has to be used to identify the corresponding language element in the TEI header, if one is present.

The first part of BCP 47 is called Tags for Identifying Languages, and proposes the following mechanism for constructing an identifier (tag) for languages as administered by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). The tag is assembled from a sequence of subtags separated by the hyphen (-, U+002D) character. It gives the language (possibly further identified with a sublanguage), a script, and a region for the language, each possibly followed by a variant subtag.

The authoritative list of registered subtags is maintained by IANA and is available at https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry. For a good general overview of the construction of language tags, see https://www.w3.org/International/articles/language-tags/, and for a practical step-by-step guide, see https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-choosing-language-tags.en.php.

In addition to the list of registered subtags, BCP 47 provides extensions that can be employed by private convention. The constructs provided can thus be used to generate identifiers for any language, past and present, in any usage in any area of the world. If such private extensions are used within the context of the TEI, they should be documented within the language element of the TEI header, which might also provide a prose description of the language described by the language tag.

While language, region, and script can be adequately identified using this mechanism, there is only very rough provision to express a dimension of time for the language of a document; those codes provided (e.g. grc for ‘Greek, Ancient (to 1453)’) might not reflect the segments appropriate for a text at hand. Text encoders might express the time window of the language used in the document by means of the extension mechanism defined in BCP 47 and relate that to a date element in the corresponding language section of the TEI header.

Equivalences to language identifiers by other authorities can be given in the language section as well, but no formal mechanism for doing so has been defined.

The scope of the language identification extends to the whole subtree of the document anchored at the element that carries the xml:lang attribute, including all elements and those attributes, if any, where a language might apply.²⁶

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TEI: Characters and Character Sets⚓︎vi.2. Characters and Character Sets

All document encoding has to do with representing one thing by another in an agreed and systematic way. Applied to the smallest distinctive units in any given writing system, which for the moment we may loosely call ‘characters’, such representation raises surprisingly complex and troublesome issues. The reasons are partly historical and partly to do with conceptual unclarities about what is involved in identifying, encoding, processing and rendering the characters of a natural language.

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TEI: Historical Considerations⚓︎Historical Considerations

When the first methods of representing text for storage or transmission by machines were devised, long before the development of computers, the overriding aim was to identify the smallest set of symbols needed to convey the essential semantic content, and to encode that symbol set in the most economical way that the storage or transmission media allowed. The initial outcome were systems that encoded only such content as could be expressed in uppercase letters in the Latin script, plus a few punctuation marks and some ‘control characters’ needed to regulate the storage and transmission devices. Such encodings, originally developed for telegraphy, strongly influenced the way the pioneers of computing conceived of and implemented the handling of text, with consequences that are with us still.

For many years after the invention of computers, the way they represented text continued to be constrained by the imperative to use expensive resources with maximal efficiency. Even when storage and processing costs began their dramatic fall, the Anglo-centric outlook of most hardware designers and software engineers hampered initiatives to devise a more generous and flexible model for text representation. The wish to retain compatibility with ‘legacy’ data was an additional disincentive. Eventually, tension in East Asia between commitment to technological progress and the inability of existing computers to cope with local writing systems led to decisive developments. Japanese, Korean, and Chinese standards bodies, who long before the advent of computers had been engaged in the specification of character sets, joined with computer manufacturers and software houses to devise ways of mapping those character sets to numeric encodings and processing the resulting text data.

Unfortunately, in the early years there was little or no co-ordination among either the national standards bodies or the manufacturers concerned, so that although commercial necessity dictated that these various local standards were all compatible with the representation of US-American English, they were not straightforwardly compatible with one another. Even within Japan itself there emerged a number of mutually incompatible systems, thanks to a mixture of commercial rivalry, disagreements about how best to manage certain intractable problems, and the fact that such pioneering work inevitably involved some false starts, leading to incompatibilities even between successive products of the same bodies. Roughly at the same time, and for similar reasons, multiple and incompatible ways of representing languages that use Cyrillic scripts were devised, along with methods of encoding ancient writing systems which inevitably could not aim for compatibility with other writing systems apart from basic Latin script. Many of the earliest projects that fed into the TEI were shaped in this developmental phase of the computerized representation of texts, and it was also the context in which SGML was devised and finalized.

SGML had of necessity to offer ways of coping with multiple writing systems in multiple representations; or rather, it provided a framework within which SGML-compliant applications capable of handling such multiple representations might be developed by those with sufficient financial and personnel resources (such as are seldom found in academia). Earlier editions of these Guidelines offered advice on character set and writing system issues addressed to the condition of those for whom SGML was the only feasible option. That advice is here substantially altered because of two closely-related developments: the availability of the ISO/Unicode character set as an international standard, and the emergence of XML and related technologies which are committed to the theory and practice of character representation which Unicode embodies.

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TEI: Terminology and Key Concepts⚓︎Terminology and Key Concepts

Before the significance of Unicode and the implications of the association between XML and Unicode can be adequately explained, it is necessary to clarify some key concepts and attempt to establish an adequately precise terminology for them.

Examples of the latin a, in both lower and upper case, rendered with different fonts.

The word ‘character’ will not of itself take us very far towards greater terminological precision. It tends to be used to refer indiscriminately both to the visible symbol on a page and to the letter or ideograph which that symbol represents, two things that it is essential to keep conceptually distinct. The visible symbol obviously has some aspects by which we interpret it as representing one character rather than another; but its appearance may also be significantly determined by features that have no effect on our notion of which character in a writing system it represents. A familiar instance is the lowercase a, which in printed texts may be represented either by a ‘single storey’ symbol (cf. figure 1 in the examples from URW Gothic L on the bottom row) or by a ‘two storey’ version (as in figure 1 in the examples from Umpush, or URW Bookman L Demi Bold). We say that the single and double-storey symbols both represent one and the same the same abstract character a using two different glyphs. Similarly, an uppercase A in a serif typeface has additional strokes that are absent from the same letter when printed using a sans-serif typeface, so that once again we have differing glyphs standing for the same abstract character. The distinction between abstract characters and glyphs is fundamental to all machine processing of documents.

In most scholarly encoding projects, the accurate recording of the abstract characters which make up the text is of prime importance, because it is the essential prerequisite of digitizing and processing the document without semantic loss. In many cases (though there are important exceptions, to be touched on shortly) it may not be necessary to encode the specific glyphs used to render those abstract characters in the original document. An encoding that faithfully registers the abstract characters of a document allows us to search and analyse our document's content, language, and structure, and to access its full semantics. That same encoding, however, may not contain sufficient information to allow an exact visual representation of the glyphs in the source text or manuscript to be recreated.

The importance of this distinction between information content and its visual representation is not always immediately apparent to people unused to the specific complexities of text handling by machine. Such users tend to ask first what (in order of conceptual priority) should actually be their very last question: how do I get a physical image that looks like character x in my source document to appear on to the screen or the output page? Their first question should in fact be: how can I get an abstract representation of character x into my encoded document in a way that will be universally and unambiguously identifiable, no matter what it happens to look like in printout or on any particular display? And occasionally the response they receive as a result of their misguided initial question is a custom ‘solution’ that satisfies their immediate rendering wishes at the price of making their underlying document unintelligible to other users (or even to the original user in other times and places) because it encodes the abstract character in an idiosyncratic way.

That said, there will certainly be documents or projects where it is a matter of scholarly significance that the compositor or scribe chose to represent a given abstract character using one particular glyph or set of strokes rather than a semantically-equivalent but visually distinct alternative, and in that case the specific appearance of the form will have to be encoded in one way or another. But that encoding need not (and in most cases will not) involve a notation that visually resembles the original, any more than italicized text in an original document will be represented by the use of italic characters in the encoded version.

A collection of the abstract characters needed to represent documents in a given writing system is known as a character set, and the character set or character repertoire of a processing or rendering device is the set of abstract characters that it is equipped to recognize and handle appropriately. There is, however, a subtle distinction between these two parallel uses of the same term, involving one more key concept which it is essential to grasp. The character set of a document (or the writing system in which it is recorded) is purely a collection of abstract characters. But the character set of a computing device is a set of abstract characters which have been mapped in a well-defined way to a set of numbers or code points by which the device represents those abstract characters internally. It can therefore be referred to as a coded character set, meaning a set of abstract characters each of which has been assigned a numerical code point (or in some instances a sequence of code points) which unambiguously identifies the character concerned.

It is now possible to use this terminology to say what Unicode is: it is a coded character set, devised and actively maintained by an international public body, where each abstract character is identified by a unique name and assigned a distinctive code point.²⁷ Unicode is distinguished from other coded character sets by its (current and potential) size and scope; its built-in provision for (in practical terms) limitless expansion; the range and quality of linguistic and computational expertise on which it draws; the stability, authority, and accessibility it derives from its status as an international public standard; and, perhaps most importantly, the fact that today it is implemented by almost every provider of hardware and software platforms worldwide.

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TEI: Abstract Characters, Glyphs, and Encoding Scheme Design⚓︎Abstract Characters, Glyphs, and Encoding Scheme Design

The distinction between abstract characters and glyphs can be crucial when devising an encoding scheme. When performing searches, text retrieval, or creating concordances, users of electronic text will expect the system to recognize and treat different glyphs as instances of the same character; but when perusing the text itself they may well expect to see glyph variants preserved and rendered. When encoding a pre-existing text, the encoder should determine whether a particular letter or symbol is a character or a glyphic variant. The Unicode Consortium and an ISO work group (ISO/IEC JTC1 SC2/WG2) have developed a detailed model of the relationship between characters and glyphs. This model, presented in Unicode Technical Report 17: Character Encoding Model, is the underpinning of much standards work since, including the current chapter.

The model makes explicit the distinction between two different properties of the components of written language:

their content, i.e. its meaning and phonetic value (represented by characters)

their graphical appearance (represented by glyphs).

When searching for information, a system generally operates on the content aspects of characters, with little or no attention to their appearance. A layout or formatting process, on the other hand, must of necessity be concerned with the exact appearance of characters. Of course, some operations (hyphenation for example) require attention to both kinds of feature, but in general the kind of text encoding described in these Guidelines tends to focus on content rather than appearance (see further 3.3. Highlighting and Quotation).

An encoder wishing to record information about which glyphs are present in a given document may do so at either or both of two levels:

the level of character encoding, using an appropriate Unicode code point to represent the glyph concerned

the markup level, with the glyph indicated via appropriate elements or attributes

The encoding practice adopted may be guided by, among other things, an assessment of the most frequent uses to which the encoded text will be put. For example, if recognition of identical characters represented by a variety of glyphs is the main priority, it may be advisable to represent the glyph variations at markup level, so that the character value can be immediately exposed to the indexing and retrieval software. Plainly, an encoding project will need to consider such issues carefully and document the outcome of their deliberations in their TEI customization file (or other local encoding documentation) to ensure encoding consistency. Using Unicode code points to represent glyph information requires that such choices be documented in the TEI header. Such documentation cannot of itself guarantee proper display of the desired glyph but at least makes the intention of the encoder discoverable.

At present the Unicode Standard does not offer detailed specifications for the encoding of glyph variations. These Guidelines do give some recommendations; some discussion of related matters is given in 12. Representation of Primary Sources, and 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes offers some features for the definition of variant glyphs.

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TEI: Entry of Characters⚓︎Entry of Characters

The entry of characters was much more complicated before the near-universal adoption of Unicode, for which there are Input Method Editors (IMEs) available in most languages and fonts that provide glyphs for the full range of the Unicode specification. In those rare situations where there is difficulty entering the specific character you want, or some problem representing it on the system you are working in, Numeric Character References (NCRs) should be used. These take the general form &#D; where D is an integer representing the code point of the character in base 10, or &#xH;, where H is the code point in hexadecimal notation. Every XML processor is capable of recognising NCRs and replacing them with the required code point value without needing access to any additional data. The disadvantage of NCRs as a means of entering, representing and proofing character data is that most human beings find them anything but ‘readable’ and it is all too easy for the wrong character to be entered in error and retained undetected. Where characters are not defined in Unicode, these Guidelines provide advice on the strategies available for handling their representation in Chapter 25 Representation of non-standard Characters and Glyphs.

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TEI: Output of Characters⚓︎Output of Characters

The rendering of the encoded text is a complicated process that depends largely on the purpose, external requirements, local equipment and so forth, it is thus outside the scope of coverage for these Guidelines.

It might nevertheless be helpful to put some of the terminology used for the rendering process in the context of the discussion of this chapter. As was mentioned above, Unicode encodes abstract characters, not specific glyphs. For any process that makes characters visible, however, concrete, specifically designed glyph shapes have to be used. For a printing process, for example, these shapes describe exactly at which point ink has to be put on the paper and which areas have to be left blank. If we want to print a character from the Latin script, besides the selection of the overall glyph shape, this process also requires that a specific weight and size of the font has been selected, and to what degree the shape should be slanted. Beyond individual characters, the overall typesetting process also follows specific rules for calculating the distance between characters, for determining how much whitespace occurs between any two words, and how long each line should be (and thus at which points a new line begins), and so forth.

If we concern ourselves only with the rendering process of the characters themselves, leaving out all these other parameters, we will realize that of all the information required for this process, only a small amount will be drawn from the encoded text itself. This information is the code point used to encode the character in the document. With this information, the font selected for printing will be queried to provide a glyph shape for this character. Some modern font formats (e.g. OpenType) implement a sophisticated mapping from a code point to the glyph selected, which might take into account surrounding characters (to create ligatures where necessary) and the language or even area this character is printed for to accommodate different typesetting traditions and differences in the usage of glyphs.

A TEI document might provide some of the information that is required for this process, for example by identifying the linguistic context with the xml:lang attribute. The selection of fonts and sizes is usually done in a stylesheet, while the actual layout of a page is determined by the typesetting system used. Similarly, if a document is rendered for publication on the Web, information of this kind can be shipped with the document in a stylesheet.²⁸

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TEI: Unicode and XML⚓︎Unicode and XML

XML was designed with Unicode in mind as its means of representing abstract characters. It is possible to use other character encoding schemes, but in general they are best avoided, as you run the risk of encountering compatibility issues with different XML processors, as well as potential difficulties with rendering their output. We recommend using the UTF-8 encoding, which for the Basic Latin range is identical to ASCII, and which uses a variable-length set of bytes to represent characters. It should be noted that it is not sufficient simply to declare in the XML Declaration that a document is in UTF-8 format. Doing so merely means that processors will treat the content therein as if it were UTF-8, and may fail to process the document if it is not. For further discussion of UTF-8, see the section below on Issues Arising from the Internal Representations of Unicode.

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TEI: Special Aspects of Unicode Character Definitions⚓︎Special Aspects of Unicode Character Definitions

TEI: Compatibility Characters⚓︎Compatibility Characters

The principles of Unicode are judiciously tempered with pragmatism. This means, among other things, that the actual repertoire of characters which the standard encodes, especially those parts dating from its earlier days, include a number of items which on a strict interpretation of the Unicode Consortium's theoretical approach should not have been regarded as abstract characters in their own right. Some of these characters are grouped together into a code-point regions assigned to compatibility characters. Ligatures are a case in point. Ligatures (e.g. the joining of adjacent lowercase letters ‘s’ and ‘t’ or ‘f’ and ‘i’ in Latin scripts, whether produced by a scribal practice of not lifting the pen between strokes or dictated by the aesthetics of a type design) are representational features with no added semantic value beyond that of the two letters they unite (though for historians of typography their presence and form in a given edition may be of scholarly significance). However, by the time the Unicode standard was first being debated, it had become common practice to include single glyphs representing the more common ligatures in the repertoires of some typesetting devices and high-end printers, and for the coded character sets built into those devices to use a single code point for such glyphs, even though they represent two distinct abstract characters. So as to increase the acceptance of Unicode among the makers and users of such devices, it was agreed that some such pseudo-characters should be incorporated into the standard as compatibility characters. Nevertheless, if a project requires the presence of such ligatured forms to be encoded, this should normally be done via markup, not by the use of a compatibility character. That way, the presence of the ligature can still be identified (and, if desired, rendered visually) where appropriate, but indexing and retrieval software will treat the code points in the document as a simple sequential occurrence of the two constituent characters concerned and so correctly align their semantics with non-ligatured equivalents. Such ligatures should not be confused with digraphs (usually) indicating diphthongs, as in the French word "cœur". A digraph is an atomic orthographic unit representing an abstract character in its own right, not purely an amalgamation of glyphs, and indexing and retrieval software will need to treat it as such. Where a digraph occurs in a source text, it should normally be encoded using the appropriate code point for the single abstract character which it represents.

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TEI: Precomposed and Combining Characters and Normalization⚓︎Precomposed and Combining Characters and Normalization

The treatment of characters with diacritical marks within Unicode shows a similar combination of rigour and pragmatism. It is obvious enough that it would be feasible to represent many characters with diacritical marks in Latin and some other scripts by a sequence of code points, where one code point designated the base character and the remainder represented one or more diacritical marks that were to be combined with the base character to produce an appropriate glyphic rendering of the abstract character concerned. From its earliest phase, the Unicode Consortium espoused this view in theory but was prepared in practice to compromise by assigning single code points to precomposed characters which were already commonly assigned a single distinctive code point in existing encoding schemes. This means, however, that for quite a large number of commonly-occurring abstract characters, Unicode has two different, but logically and semantically equivalent encodings: a precomposed single code point, and a code point sequence of a base character plus one or more combining diacritics. Scripts more recently added to Unicode no longer exhibit this code-point duplication (in current practice no new precomposed characters are defined where the use of combining characters is possible) but this does nothing to remove the problem caused by the duplications from older character sets that have been permanently embodied in Unicode. Together with essentially analogous issues arising from the encoding of certain East Asian ideographs. This duplication gives rise to the need to practice normalization of Unicode documents. Normalization is the process of ensuring that a given abstract character is represented in one way only in a given Unicode document or document collection. The Unicode Consortium provides four standard normalization forms, of which the Normalization Form C (NFC) seems to be most appropriate for text encoding projects. The NFC, as far as possible, defines conversions for all base characters followed by one or more combining characters into the corresponding precomposed characters. The World Wide Web Consortium has produced a document entitled Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0²⁹, which among other things discusses normalization issues and outlines some relevant principles. An authoritative reference is Unicode Standard Annex #15 Unicode Normalization Forms³⁰.

It is important that every Unicode-based project should agree on, consistently implement, and fully document a comprehensive and coherent normalization practice. As well as ensuring data integrity within a given project, a consistently implemented and properly documented normalization policy is essential for successful document interchange. While different input methods may themselves differ in what normalization form they use, any programming language that implements Unicode will provide mechanisms for converting between normalization forms, so it is easy in practice to ensure that all documents in a project are in a consistent form, even if different methods are used to enter data.

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TEI: Character Semantics⚓︎Character Semantics

In addition to the Universal Character Set itself, the Unicode Consortium maintains a database of additional character semantics³¹. This includes names for each character code point and normative properties for it. Character properties, as given in this database, determine the semantics and thus the intended use of a code point or character. The database also contains information that might be needed for correctly processing this character for different purposes. It is an important reference in determining which Unicode code point to use to encode a certain character.

In addition to the printed documentation and lists made available by the Unicode consortium, the information it contains may also be accessed by a number of search systems over the Web (e.g. http://www.eki.ee/letter/). Examples of character properties included in the database include case, numeric value, directionality, and, (where applicable) status as a ‘compatibility character’³². Where a project undertakes local definition of characters with code points in the PUA, it is desirable that any relevant additional information about the characters concerned should be recorded in an analogous way, as further discussed under 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes.

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TEI: Issues Arising from the Internal Representations of Unicode⚓︎Issues Arising from the Internal Representations of Unicode

In theory it should not be necessary for encoders to have any knowledge of the various ways in which Unicode code points can be represented internally within a document or in the memory of a processing system, but experience shows that problems frequently arise in this area because of mistaken practice or defective software, and in order to recognize the resulting symptoms and correct their causes an outline knowledge of certain aspects of Unicode internal representation is desirable. There are three encodings of Unicode available for use: UTF-8, which uses 1–4 bytes per character, UTF-16, which uses 2–4, and UTF-32, which uses 4 bytes per character. Current practice for documents to be transmitted via the Web recommends only UTF-8.³³

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TEI: Encoding Errors Related to UTF-8⚓︎Encoding Errors Related to UTF-8

The code points assigned by Unicode 3.0 and later are notionally 32-bit integers, and the most straightforward way to represent each such integer in computer storage would be to use 4 eight-bit bytes. However, many of the code points for characters most commonly used in Latin scripts can be represented in one byte only and the vast majority of the remainder which are in common use (including those assigned from the most frequently used PUA range) can be expressed in two bytes alone. This accounts for the use of UTF-8 and UTF-16 and their special place in the XML standard. UTF-8 and UTF-16 are ways of representing 32-bit code points in an economical way.

UTF-8 is a variable length encoding: the more significant bits there are in the underlying code point (or in everyday terminology the bigger the number used to represent the character), the more bytes UTF-8 uses to encode it. What makes UTF-8 particularly attractive for representing Latin scripts, explaining its status as the default encoding in XML documents, is that all code points that can be expressed in seven or fewer bits (the 127 values in the original ASCII character set) are also encoded as the same seven or fewer bits (and therefore in a single byte) in UTF-8. That is why a document which is actually encoded in pure 7-bit ASCII can be fed to an XML processor without alteration and without its encoding being explicitly declared: the processor will regard it as being in the UTF-8 representation of Unicode and be able to handle it correctly on that basis.

However, even within the domain of Latin-based scripts, some projects have documents which use characters from 8 bit extensions to ASCII, e.g. those in the ISO-8859-n series of encodings, and the way characters which under ISO-8859-n use all eight bits are encoded in UTF-8 is significantly different, giving rise to puzzling errors. Abstract characters that have a single byte code point where the highest bit is set (that is, they have a decimal numeric representation between 129 and 255) are encoded in ISO-8859-n as a single byte with the same value as the code point. But in UTF-8 code-point values inside that range are expressed as a two byte sequence. That is to say, the abstract character in question is no longer represented in the file or in memory by the same number as its code-point value: it is transformed (hence the T in UTF) into a sequence of two different numbers. Now as a side-effect of the way such UTF-8 sequences are derived from the underlying code-point value, many of the single-byte eight-bit values employed in ISO-8859-n encodings are illegal in UTF-8.

This complicated situation has a simple consequence which can cause great bewilderment. XML processors will effortlessly handle character data in pure 7-bit ASCII without that encoding needing to be declared to the parser, and will similarly accept documents encoded in an undeclared ISO-8859-n encoding if they happen to use no characters outside the strict ASCII subset of the ISO character sets; but the parse will immediately fail if an eight-bit character from an ISO-8859-n set is encountered in the input stream, unless the document's encoding has been explicitly and correctly declared. Explicitly declaring the encoding ought to solve the problem, and if the file is correctly encoded throughout, it will do so. But projects dealing with documents of sufficient age may find that they have to deal with some files encoded in UTF-8 along with others in, say, ISO-8859-1. Such encoding differences may go unnoticed, especially if the proportion of characters where the internal encodings are distinguishable is relatively small (for example in a long English text with a smattering of French words). These types of error may or may not manifest in actual processing errors, and may only become visible as ‘garbage’ characters in the eventual display of documents.

In projects that routinely handle documents in non-Latin scripts, everyone is well aware of the need to ensure correct and consistent encoding, so in such places mixed encoding problems seldom arise, and when they do are readily identified and remedied. Real confusion tends to arise, however, in projects which have a low awareness of the issues because they employ predominantly unaccented Latin characters, with only thinly-distributed instances of accented letters, or other ‘special characters’ where the internal representation under ISO-8859-n and UTF-8 are different (such as the copyright symbol, or, a frequent troublemaker where eventual HTML output is envisaged, the ‘non-breaking space’). Even, or especially, if such projects view themselves as concerned only with English documents, the close relationship between XML and Unicode means they will need to acquire an understanding of these encoding issues and develop procedures which assure consistency and integrity of encoding and its correct declaration, including the use of appropriate software for transcoding and verification.

Notes

25

Currently BCP 47 comprises two Internet Engineering Task Force documents, referred to separately as RFC 5646 and RFC 4647; over time, other IETF documents may succeed these as the best current practice.

26

This excludes all attributes where a non-textual datatype has been specified, for example tokens, boolean values, dates, and predefined value lists.

27

Although only Unicode is mentioned here explicitly, it should be noted that the character repertoire and assigned code points of Unicode and the ISO standard 10646 are identical and maintained in a way that ensures this continues to be the case.

28

The World Wide Web Consortium provides recommendations for two standard stylesheet languages: either CSS or XSL could be used for this purpose.

29

Available at https://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/.

30

available at https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/

31

https://www.unicode.org/ucd/

32

For further details, see The Unicode Character Property Model (Unicode Technical Report #23), at https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr23/.

33

See the W3C Internationalization document, Choosing & applying a character encoding at https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-choosing-encodings

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

1. The TEI Infrastructure

Table of contents

1.1. TEI Modules

1.2. Defining a TEI Schema

1.3. The TEI Class System

1.4. Macros

1.5. The TEI Infrastructure Module

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This chapter describes the infrastructure for the encoding scheme defined by these Guidelines. It introduces the conceptual framework within which the following chapters are to be understood, and the means by which that conceptual framework is implemented. It assumes some familiarity with XML and XML schemas (see chapter v. A Gentle Introduction to XML) but is intended to be accessible to any user of these Guidelines. Other chapters supply further technical details, in particular chapter 23. Documentation Elements which describes the XML schema used to express these Guidelines themselves, and chapter 24. Using the TEI which combines a discussion of modification and conformance issues with a description of the intended behaviour of an ODD processor; these chapters should be read by anyone intending to implement a new TEI-based system.

The TEI encoding scheme consists of a number of modules, each of which declares particular XML elements and their attributes. Part of an element's declaration includes its assignment to one or more element classes. Another part defines its possible content and attributes with reference to these classes. This indirection gives the TEI system much of its strength and its flexibility. Elements may be combined more or less freely to form a schema appropriate to a particular set of requirements. It is also easy to add new elements which reference existing classes or elements to a schema, as it is to exclude some of the elements provided by any module included in a schema.

In principle, a TEI schema may be constructed using any combination of modules. However, certain TEI modules are of particular importance, and should always be included in all but exceptional circumstances: the module tei described in the present chapter is of this kind because it defines classes, macros, and datatypes which are used by all other modules. The core module, defined in chapter 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents contains declarations for elements and attributes which are likely to be needed in almost any kind of document, and is therefore recommended for global use. The header module defined in chapter 2. The TEI Header provides declarations for the metadata elements and attributes constituting the TEI header, a component which is required for TEI conformance, while the textstructure module defined in chapter 4. Default Text Structure declares basic structural elements needed for the encoding of most book-like objects. Most schemas will therefore need to include these four modules.

The specification for a TEI schema is itself a TEI document, using elements from the module described in chapter 23. Documentation Elements: we refer to such a document informally as an ODD document, from the design goal originally formulated for the system: ‘One Document Does it all’. Stylesheets for maintaining and processing ODD documents are maintained by the TEI, and these Guidelines are also maintained as such a document. As further discussed in 24.5. Implementation of an ODD System, an ODD document can be processed to generate a schema expressed using any of the three schema languages currently in wide use: the XML DTD language, the ISO RELAX NG language, or the W3C Schema language, as well as to generate documentation such as the Guidelines and their associated web site.

The bulk of this chapter describes the TEI infrastructure module itself. Although it may be skipped at a first reading, an understanding of the topics addressed here is essential for anyone planning to take full advantage of the TEI customization techniques described in chapter 24.3. Customization.

The chapter begins by briefly characterizing each of the modules available in the TEI scheme. Section 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema describes in general terms the method of constructing a TEI schema in a specific schema language such as XML DTD language, RELAX NG, or W3C Schema.

The next and largest part of the chapter introduces the attribute and element classes used to define groups of elements and their characteristics (section 1.3. The TEI Class System).

Finally, section 1.4. Macros introduces the concept of macros, which are used to express some commonly used content models, and lists the datatypes used to constrain the range of legal values for TEI attributes (section 1.4.2. Datatype Specifications).

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TEI: TEI Modules⚓︎1.1. TEI Modules

These Guidelines define several hundred elements and attributes for marking up documents of any kind. Each definition has the following components:

a prose description

a formal declaration, expressed using a special-purpose XML vocabulary defined by these Guidelines in combination with elements taken from the ISO schema language RELAX NG

usage examples

Each chapter of these Guidelines presents a group of related elements, and also defines a corresponding set of declarations, which we call a module. All the definitions are collected together in the reference sections provided as an appendix. Formal declarations for a given chapter are collected together within the corresponding module. For convenience, each element is assigned to a single module, typically for use in some specific application area, or to support a particular kind of usage. A module is thus simply a convenient way of grouping together a number of associated element declarations. In the simple case, a TEI schema is made by combining together a small number of modules, as further described in section 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema below.

The following table lists the modules defined by the current release of these Guidelines:

Module name | Where defined | Formal public identifier
tei | 1. The TEI Infrastructure | TEI Infrastructure
header | 2. The TEI Header | Common Metadata
core | 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents | Common Core
textstructure | 4. Default Text Structure | Default Text Structure
gaiji | 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes | Character and Glyph Documentation
verse | 6. Verse | Verse
drama | 7. Performance Texts | Performance Texts
spoken | 8. Transcriptions of Speech | Transcribed Speech
cmc | 9. Computer-mediated Communication | TEI-CMC
dictionaries | 10. Dictionaries | Dictionaries
msdescription | 11. Manuscript Description | Manuscript Description
transcr | 12. Representation of Primary Sources | Transcription of Primary Sources
textcrit | 13. Critical Apparatus | Text Criticism
namesdates | 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places | Names, dates, persons and places
figures | 15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music | Tables, Formulæ, Notated Music, Figures
corpus | 16. Language Corpora | Metadata for Language Corpora
linking | 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment | Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment
analysis | 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms | Analysis and Interpretation
iso-fs | 19. Feature Structures | Feature Structures
nets | 20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees | Graphs, networks, and trees
certainty | 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility | Certainty and Uncertainty
tagdocs | 23. Documentation Elements | Documentation Elements

For each module listed above, the corresponding chapter gives a full description of the classes, elements, and macros which it makes available when it is included in a schema. Other chapters of these Guidelines explore other aspects of using the TEI scheme.

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TEI: Defining a TEI Schema⚓︎1.2. Defining a TEI Schema

To determine that an XML document is valid (as opposed to merely well-formed), its structure must be checked against a schema, as discussed in chapter v. A Gentle Introduction to XML. For a valid TEI document, this schema must be a conformant TEI schema, as further defined in chapter 24.4. Conformance. Local systems may allow their schema to be implicit, but for interchange purposes the schema associated with a document must be made explicit. The method of doing this recommended by these Guidelines is to provide explicitly or by reference a TEI schema specification against which the document may be validated.

A TEI-conformant schema is a specific combination of TEI modules, possibly also including additional declarations that modify the element and attribute declarations contained by each module, for example to suppress or rename some elements. The TEI provides an application-independent way of specifying a TEI schema by means of the schemaSpec element defined in chapter 23. Documentation Elements. The same system may also be used to specify a schema which extends the TEI by adding new elements explicitly, or by reference to other XML vocabularies. In either case, the specification may be processed to generate a formal schema, expressed in a variety of specific schema languages, such as XML DTD language, RELAX NG, or W3C Schema. These output schemas can then be used by an XML processor such as a validator or editor to validate or otherwise process documents. Further information about the processing of a TEI formal specification is given in chapter 24. Using the TEI.

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TEI: A Simple Customization⚓︎1.2.1. A Simple Customization

The simplest customization of the TEI scheme combines just the four recommended modules mentioned above. In ODD format, this schema specification takes this form:

<schemaSpec ident="TEI-minimal" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
</schemaSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

This schema specification contains references to each of four modules, identified by the key attribute on the moduleRef element. The schema specification itself is also given an identifier (TEI-minimal). An ODD processor will generate an appropriate schema from this set of declarations, expressed using the XML DTD language, the ISO RELAX NG language, the W3C Schema language, or in principle any other adequately powerful schema language. The resulting schema may then be associated with the document instance by one of a number of different mechanisms, as further described in chapter v. A Gentle Introduction to XML. The start point (or root element) of document instances to be validated against the schema is specified by means of the start attribute. Further information about the processing of an ODD specification is given in 24.5. Implementation of an ODD System.

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TEI: A Larger Customization⚓︎1.2.2. A Larger Customization

These Guidelines introduce each of the modules making up the TEI scheme one by one, and therefore, for clarity of exposition, each chapter focusses on elements drawn from a single module. In reality, of course, the markup of a text will draw on elements taken from many different modules, partly because texts are heterogeneous objects, and partly because encoders have different goals. Some examples of this heterogeneity include:

a text may be a collection of other texts of different types: for example, an anthology of prose, verse, and drama;

a text may contain other smaller, embedded texts: for example, a poem or song included in a prose narrative;

some sections of a text may be written in one form, and others in a different form: for example, a novel where some chapters are in prose, others take the form of dictionary entries, and still others the form of scenes in a play;

an encoded text may include detailed analytic annotation, for example of rhetorical or linguistic features;

an encoded text may combine a literal transcription with a diplomatic edition of the same or different sources;

the description of a text may require additional specialized metadata elements, for example when describing manuscript material in detail.

The TEI provides mechanisms to support all of these and many other use cases. The architecture permits elements and attributes from any combination of modules to co-exist within a single schema. Within particular modules, elements and attributes are provided to support differing views of the ‘granularity’ of a text, for example:

a definition of a corpus or collection as a series of TEI documents, sharing a common TEI header (see chapter 16. Language Corpora)

a definition of composite texts which combine optional front- and back-matter with a group of collected texts, themselves possibly composite (see section 4.3.1. Grouped Texts)

an element for the representation of embedded texts, where one narrative appears to ‘float’ within another (see section 4.3.2. Floating Texts)

Subsequent chapters of these Guidelines describe in detail markup constructs appropriate for these and many other possible features of interest. The markup constructs can be combined as needed for any given set of applications or project.

For example, a project aiming to produce an ambitious digital edition of a collection of manuscript materials, to include detailed metadata about each source, digital images of the content, along with a detailed transcription of each source, and a supporting biographical and geographical database might need a schema combining several modules, as follows:

<schemaSpec ident="TEI-PROJECT" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 <moduleRef key="msdescription"/>
<!-- manuscript description -->
 <moduleRef key="transcr"/>
<!-- transcription of primary sources -->
 <moduleRef key="figures"/>
<!-- figures and tables -->
 <moduleRef key="namesdates"/>
<!-- names, dates, people, and places -->
</schemaSpec>

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Alternatively, a simpler schema might be used for a part of such a project: those preparing the transcriptions, for example, might need only elements from the core, textstructure, and transcr modules, and might therefore prefer to use a simpler schema such as that generated by the following:

<schemaSpec ident="TEI-TRANSCR" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 <moduleRef key="transcr"/>
</schemaSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

The TEI architecture also supports more detailed customization beyond the simple selection of modules. A schema may suppress elements from a module, suppress some of their attributes, change their names, or even add new elements and attributes. Detailed discussion of the kind of modification possible in this way is provided in 24.3. Customization and conformance rules relating to their application are discussed in 24.4. Conformance. These facilities are available for any schema language (though some features may not be available in all languages). The ODD language also makes it possible to combine TEI and non-TEI modules into a single schema, provided that the non-TEI module is expressed using the RELAX NG schema language (see further 23.8.2. Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules).

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TEI: The TEI Class System⚓︎1.3. The TEI Class System

The TEI scheme distinguishes about five hundred different elements. To aid comprehension, modularity, and modification, the majority of these elements are formally classified in some way. Classes are used to express two distinct kinds of commonality among elements. The elements of a class may share some set of attributes, or they may appear in the same locations in a content model. A class is known as an attribute class if its members share attributes, and as a model class if its members appear in the same locations. In either case, an element is said to inherit properties from any classes of which it is a member.

Classes (and therefore elements which are members of those classes) may also inherit properties from other classes. For example, supposing that class A is a member (or a subclass) of class B, any element which is a member of class A will inherit not only the properties defined by class A, but also those defined by class B. In such a situation, we also say that class B is a superclass of class A. The properties of a superclass are inherited by all members of its subclasses.

A basic understanding of the classes into which the TEI scheme is organized is strongly recommended and is essential for any successful customization of the system.

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TEI: Attribute Classes⚓︎1.3.1. Attribute Classes

An attribute class groups together elements which share some set of common attributes. Attribute classes are given names composed of the prefix att., often followed by an adjective. For example, the members of the class att.canonical have in common a key and a ref attribute, both of which are inherited from their membership in the class rather than individually defined for each element. These attributes are said to be defined by (or inherited from) the att.canonical class. If another element were to be added to the TEI scheme for which these attributes were considered useful, the simplest way to provide them would be to make the new element a member of the att.canonical class. Note also that this method ensures that the attributes in question are always defined in the same way, taking the same default values etc., no matter which element they are attached to.

Some attribute classes are defined within the tei infrastructural module and are thus globally available. Other attribute classes are specific to particular modules and thus defined in other chapters. Attributes defined by such classes will not be available unless the module concerned is included in a schema.

The attributes provided by an attribute class are those specified by the class itself, either directly, or by inheritance from another class. For example, the attribute class att.pointing.group provides attributes domains and targFunc to all of its members. This class is however a subclass of the att.pointing class, from which its members also inherit the attributes target, targetLang and evaluate. Members of the class att.pointing will thus have these three attributes, while members of the class att.pointing.group will have all five.

Note that some modules define superclasses of an existing infrastructural class. For example, the global attribute class att.divLike makes attributes org and sample available, while the att.metrical class, which is specific to the verse module, provides attributes met, real, and rhyme. Because att.metrical is defined as a superclass of att.divLike, all five of these attributes are available to elements; the declaration for att.metrical adds its three attributes to the three already defined by att.divLike when the verse module is included in a schema. If, however, this module is not included in a schema, then the att.divLike class supplies only the two attributes first mentioned.

Attributes specific to particular modules are documented along with the relevant module rather than in the present chapter. One particular attribute class, known as att.global, is common to all modules, and is therefore described in some detail in the next section. A full list of all attribute classes is given in Appendix B Attribute Classes below.

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TEI: Global Attributes⚓︎1.3.1.1. Global Attributes

The following attributes are defined in the infrastructure module for every TEI element.

att.global provides attributes common to all elements in the TEI encoding scheme.

xml:id | (identifier) provides a unique identifier for the element bearing the attribute.
n | (number) gives a number (or other label) for an element, which is not necessarily unique within the document.
xml:lang | (language) indicates the language of the element content using a ‘tag’ generated according to BCP 47.
rend [att.global.rendition] | (rendition) indicates how the element in question was rendered or presented in the source text.
style [att.global.rendition] | contains an expression in some formal style definition language which defines the rendering or presentation used for this element in the source text.
rendition [att.global.rendition] | points to a description of the rendering or presentation used for this element in the source text.
xml:base | provides a base URI reference with which applications can resolve relative URI references into absolute URI references.
xml:space | signals an intention about how white space should be managed by applications.
source [att.global.source] | specifies the source from which some aspect of this element is drawn.
cert [att.global.responsibility] | (certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation.
resp [att.global.responsibility] | (responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber.

Some of these attributes (specifically xml:id, n, xml:lang, xml:base and xml:space) are provided by the att.global attribute class itself. The others are provided by one its subclasses att.global.rendition, att.global.responsibility, or att.global.source. Their usage is discussed in the following subsections.

Several other globally-available attributes are defined by other subclasses of the att.global class. These are provided by other modules, and are therefore discussed in the chapter discussing that module. A brief summary table is provided in section 1.3.1.1.7. Other Globally Available Attributes below.

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TEI: Element Identifiers and Labels⚓︎1.3.1.1.1. Element Identifiers and Labels

The value supplied for the xml:id attribute must be a legal name, as defined in the World Wide Web Consortium's XML Recommendation. This means that it must begin with a letter, or the underscore character (‘_’), and contain no characters other than letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, full stops, and certain combining and extension characters.¹

In XML names (and thus the values of xml:id in an XML TEI document) uppercase and lowercase letters are distinguished, and thus partTime and parttime are two distinctly different names, and could (though perhaps unwisely) be used to denote two different element occurrences.

If two elements are given the same identifier, a validating XML parser will signal a syntax error. The following example, therefore, is not valid:

<p xml:id="PAGE1"><q>What's it going to be then, eh?</q></p>  <p xml:id="PAGE1">There was me, that is Alex, and my three droogs, that is Pete, Georgie, and Dim, ... </p>

bibliography ⚓︎

For a discussion of methods of providing unique identifiers for elements, see section 3.11.2. Creating New Reference Systems.

The n attribute also provides an identifying name or number for an element, but in this case the information need not be a legal xml:id value. Its value may be any string of characters; typically it is a number or other similar enumerator or label. For example, the numbers given to the items of a numbered list may be recorded with the n attribute; this would make it possible to record errors in the numeration of the original, as in this list of chapters, transcribed from a faulty original in which the number 10 is used twice, and 11 is omitted:

<list rend="numbered">
 <item n="1">About These Guidelines</item>
 <item n="2">A Gentle Introduction to XML</item>
 <item n="9">Verse</item>
 <item n="10">Drama</item>
 <item n="10">Spoken Materials </item>
 <item n="12">Dictionaries</item>
</list>

⚓︎

The n attribute may also be used to record non-unique names associated with elements in a text, possibly together with a unique identifier as in the following example:

<div type="book" n="one" xml:id="TXT0101">
<!-- ... -->
 <div type="stanza" n="xlii">
<!-- ... -->
 </div>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

As noted above there is no requirement to record a value for either the xml:id or the n attribute. Any XML processor can identify the sequential position of one element within another in an XML document without any additional tagging. An encoding in which each line of a long poem is explicitly labelled with its numerical sequence such as the following

<l n="1">
<!-- ... -->
</l>
<l n="2">
<!-- ... -->
</l>
<l n="3">
<!-- ... -->
</l>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="100">
<!-- ... -->
</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

is therefore probably redundant.

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TEI: Language Indicators⚓︎1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

The xml:lang attribute indicates the natural language and writing system applicable to the content of a given element. If it is not specified, the value is inherited from that of the immediately enclosing element. As a rule, therefore, it is simplest to specify the base language of the text on the TEI element, and allow most elements to take the default value for xml:lang; the language of an element then need be explicitly specified only for elements in languages other than the base language. For this reason, it is recommended practice to supply a default value for the xml:lang attribute, either on the TEI root element, or on both the teiHeader and the text element. The latter is appropriate in the not uncommon case where the text element in a TEI document uses a different default language from that of the TEI header attached to it. Other language shifts in the source should be explicitly identified by use of the xml:lang attribute on an element at an appropriate level wherever possible.

In the following example schematic, an English language TEI header is attached to an English language text:

<TEI xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

The same effect would be obtained by specifying the default language for both header and text:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

The latter approach is necessary in the case where the two differ: for example, where an English language header is applied to a French text:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="fr">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

The same principle applies at any hierarchic level. In the following example, the default language of the text is French, but one section of it is in German:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="fr">
  <body>
   <div>
<!-- chapter one is in French -->
   </div>
   <div xml:lang="de">
<!-- chapter two is in German -->
   </div>
   <div>
<!-- chapter three is French -->
   </div>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

Similarly, in the following example the xml:lang attribute on the term element allows us to record the fact that the technical terms used are Latin rather than English; no xml:lang attribute is needed on the q element, by contrast, because it is in the same language as its parent.

<p xml:lang="en">The
constitution declares <q>that no bill of attainder or <term xml:lang="la">ex post
     facto</term> law shall be passed.</q> ...</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that in cases where it is advisable or necessary to identify the language of the text that is pointed at, the (non-global) attribute targetLang should be used, for example in

<ptr target="x12" targetLang="fr"/>

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the pointer references text written in French.

The values used for the xml:lang and targetLang attributes must be constructed in a particular way, using values from standard lists. See further vi.1. Language Identification.

Additional information about a particular language may be supplied in the language element within the header (see section 2.4.2. Language Usage).

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TEI: Rendition Indicators⚓︎1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

The rend, rendition, and style attributes are all used to give information about the physical presentation of the text in the source. In the following example, rend is used to indicate that both the emphasized word and the proper name are printed in italics:

<p> ... Their motives <emph rend="italics">might</emph> be pure
and pious; but he was equally alarmed by his knowledge of the ambitious <name rend="italics">Bohemond</name>, and his ignorance of the Transalpine chiefs:
...</p>

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The same effect might be achieved using the style attribute, as follows:

<p> ... Their motives <emph style="font-style: italic">might</emph> be pure and pious; but he was equally alarmed by his knowledge of
the ambitious <name style="font-style: italic">Bohemond</name>, and his ignorance of
the Transalpine chiefs: ...</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

If all or most emph and name elements are rendered in the text by italics, it will be more convenient to register that fact in the TEI header once and for all (using the rendition element discussed below) and specify a rend or style value only for any elements which deviate from the stated rendition.

The main difference between rend attribute and style is that the value used for the former may contain one or more tokens from any vocabulary devised by the encoder, separated by space characters, whereas the value used for the latter must be a single string taken from a formally-defined style definition language such as CSS. The rend attribute values are sequence-indeterminate set of whitespace-separated tokens, whereas style values allow whitespace and sequence relationships as part of the formally-defined style definition language.

The rendition element defined in 2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration may be used to hold repeatedly-used format descriptions. A rendition element can then be associated with any element, either by default, or by means of the global rendition attribute. For example:

<tagsDecl>
<!-- define italic style using CSS, selecting it as default for emph and hi elements -->
 <rendition xml:id="IT" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi">font-style: italic;</rendition>
<!-- define a serif font family, selecting it as default for the text element -->
 <rendition xml:id="FontRoman" scheme="css"
  selector="text">font-family: serif;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
   <p rendition="#IT">
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is in italic-->
   </p>
   <p>
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is not in italic -->
   </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

⚓︎

The rendition attribute always points to one or more rendition elements, each of which defines some aspect of the rendering or appearance of the text in its original form. These details may most conveniently be described using a formal style definition language, such as CSS (Lie and Bos (eds.) (1999)) or XSL-FO (Berglund (ed.) (2006)); in some other formal language developed for a specific project; or even informally in running prose. Although languages such as CSS and XSL-FO are generally used to describe document output to screen or print, they nonetheless provide formal and precise mechanisms for describing the appearance of source documents, especially print documents, but also many aspects of manuscript documents. For example, both CSS and XSL-FO provide mechanisms for describing typefaces, weight, and styles; character and line spacing; and so on.

As noted above, the style attribute is provided for encoders wishing to describe the appearance of individual source elements using a language such as CSS directly rather than by reference to a rendition element. Its value may be any expression in the chosen formal style definition language.

Formal definition languages such as CSS typically identity a series of properties (such as font-style or margin-left) for which values are specified. A sequence of such property-value pairs makes up a stylesheet. The TEI uses such languages simply to describe the appearance of a source document, rather than to control how it should be formatted.

In the TEI scheme, it is possible to supply information about the appearance of elements within a source document in the following distinct ways:

One or more properties may be specified as the default for a set of elements (based on an external scheme, by default CSS), using rendition elements and their selector attributes;

One or more properties may be specified for individual element occurrences, using the rend attribute with any convenient set of one or more sequence-indeterminate tokens;

One or more properties may be specified for individual element occurrences, using the rendition attribute to point to rendition elements;

One or more properties may be supplied explicitly for individual element occurrences, using the style attribute.

If the same property is specified in more than one of the above ways, the one with the highest number in the list above is understood to be applicable. The resulting properties from each way are then combined to provide the full set of property-value pairs applicable to the given element, and (by default) to all of its children.

For simplicity of processing, the same formal style definition should be used throughout; however, the architecture does permit this to be varied, by using the scheme attribute to indicate a different language for one or more rendition elements. Care should be taken to ensure that such values can be meaningfully combined. Similar considerations apply to the use of the rend attribute, if this is used in combination with either rendition or style.

Note that these TEI attributes always describe the rendition or appearance of the source document, not intended output renditions, although often the two may be closely related.

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TEI: Sources, certainty, and responsibility⚓︎1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

The source attribute is used to indicate the source of an element and its content, for example by pointing to a bibliographic citation for a quotation to indicate the source from which it derives. The target of the pointer may be an entry in a bibliographic list of some kind, or a pointer to a digital version of the source itself.

As with other TEI pointers, the value of this attribute is expressed as any form of URI, for example an absolute URL, a relative URL, or a private scheme URI that is expanded to a relative or absolute URL as documented in a prefixDef. In the following typical example a relative ‘bare name’ URL value is used to point to a bibl elsewhere in the bibliography of the document which contains a bibliographic source for the quotation itself:

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago-15_ed">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago-15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>.
<pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>:
<publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher>
(<date>2003</date>),
<biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

⚓︎

Alternatively, the quotation might be directly linked to the online edition of this source using a full URI :

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/15/ch05/ch05_sec002.html">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>

⚓︎

The source attribute is also used on schema documentation elements such as schemaSpec or elementRef to indicate the location from which declarations for the components being defined may be obtained by an ODD processor. For example, a customization wishing to include the p element specifically as it was in version 2.0.1 of TEI P5 would indicate the source for this on an elementRef element like the following:

<elementRef key="p" source="tei:2.0.1"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Here the value of the source attribute is provided using private URI syntax, using a short cut predefined for the TEI Guidelines. More generally, an ODD customization can point to a URI from which a compiled version of any ODD can be downloaded. The above shortcut is equivalent to

<elementRef key="p"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/2.0.1/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Elements such as moduleRef or elementRef can use the source attribute in this way to point to any previously compiled set of TEI ODD specifications which are to be included in a schema, as further discussed in section 23.8.1. TEI customizations

The cert attribute provides a method of indicating the encoder's certainty concerning an intervention or interpretation represented by the markup. It is typically used where the encoder wishes to supply one or more possible corrections to a text, indicating the certainty they wish to attach to each, as in the following example:

Blessed are the <choice>
 <sic>cheesemakers</sic>
 <corr cert="high">peacemakers</corr>
 <corr cert="low">placemakers</corr>
</choice>:
for they shall be called the children of God.

bibliography ⚓︎

The cert attribute will usually, as here, characterize the degree of certainty simply as high, medium or low. In situations where a more detailed or nuanced indication is required, it can instead supply a probability value between 0 (minimal probability) and 1 (maximal probability). Other more sophisticated mechanisms are discussed in chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility.

The resp attribute is used to indicate the person or organization considered responsible for some aspects of the information encoded by an element. For example, the preceding example might be revised as follows to indicate the editors responsible for the two corrections:

... <corr cert="high" resp="#ed1">peacemakers</corr>
<corr cert="low" resp="#ed2">placemakers</corr>...

bibliography ⚓︎

When a more detailed or nuanced representation of responsibility is required, it is recommended that the element indicated by the resp attribute should not be a generic agent (for example a person or org) but a more precise element such as respStmt, author, or editor which can document the exact role played by the agent. In the following example, we indicate that the correction of n to u was made by a particular named transcriber:

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENSJ">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENSJ">
 <resp>Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

bibliography ⚓︎

Pointing to multiple respStmts allows the encoder to specify clearly each of the roles played in part of a TEI file (creating, transcribing, encoding, editing, proofing etc.). If appropriate, the name element inside a respStmt may also be associated with a more detailed person or org element using methods discussed in chapter 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places.

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TEI: Evaluation of Links⚓︎1.3.1.1.5. Evaluation of Links

Several TEI elements carry attributes whose values are defined as anyURI, meaning that such attributes supply a link or pointer, typically expressed as a URL. Like other XML applications, the TEI allows use of a special attribute to set the context within which relative URLs are to be evaluated. The global attribute xml:base is defined as part of the XML specification and belongs to the XML namespace rather than the TEI namespace. We do not describe it in detail here: reference information about xml:base is provided by Marsh and Tobin (eds.) (2009)

In essence xml:base is used to set a context for all relative URLs within the scope of the element on which it is specified. For example:

<body>
 <div xml:base="http://www.example.org/somewhere.xml">
  <p>
<!--... -->
   <ptr target="elsewhere.xml"/>
<!--... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div>
  <p>
<!--... -->
   <ptr target="elsewhere.xml"/>
<!--... -->
  </p>
 </div>
</body>

bibliography ⚓︎

The first ptr element here is within the scope of a div which supplies a value for xml:base; its target is therefore to be found at http://www.example.org/elsewhere.xml. The second ptr, however, is within the scope of a div which does not change the default context, and its target is therefore a document in the same directory as the current document.

The xml:base attribute is intended to enable the stable resolution of relative URIs in a document after that document's context may have changed (for example as a result of being embedded in another document via XInclude). Setting the xml:base simply as a way to allow encoders to write shorter URIs is not recommended. In particular, xml:base may cause ambiguity as to the referent of same-document references in the form #id (where id is an xml:id). RFC 3986 states that URIs of this type should not result in the loading of a different document. The RFC therefore assumes that such references are internal to the document in which they are located. Using xml:base to denote arbitrary external bases while also using same-document references may mean that software agents deal with these links in unexpected and inconsistent ways. Further discussion of this attribute and its effect on TEI linking methods is provided in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.

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TEI: XML Whitespace⚓︎1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace

The global attribute xml:space provides a mechanism for indicating to systems processing an XML file how they should treat whitespace, that is, any sequences of consecutive tab (#x09), space (#x20), carriage return (#x0D) or linefeed (#x0A) characters. Like xml:id this attribute is defined as part of the XML specification and belongs to the XML namespace rather than the TEI namespace. Complete information about this attribute is provided by section 2.10 of the XML Specification; here we provide a summary of how its use affects users of the TEI scheme.

The xml:space attribute has only two permitted values: preserve and default. The first indicates that whitespace in a text node—every carriage return, every tab, etc.—should be maintained as is when the document is processed. The second (which is implied when the attribute is not supplied), indicates that whitespace should be handled ‘as appropriate’. Exactly what is deemed appropriate is left unspecified by the XML Recommendation.

These Guidelines assume one of two different ways of processing whitespace will apply in a given case, depending on an element's content model. For an element that can contain only other elements with no intervening non-whitespace characters, whitespace is considered to have no semantic significance, and should therefore be discarded by a processor. For example, in a choice element, such as

<choice>
 <sic>1724</sic>
 <corr>1728</corr>
</choice>

⚓︎

since non-whitespace text is not permitted between the choice start-tag and the sic tags or between the sic and corr tags, any whitespace found there has no significance and can be ignored completely by a processor.

Similarly, the address element has a content model containing only elements: any punctuation or whitespace required between the lines of an address must therefore be supplied by the processor, as any whitespace present in the input document will be ignored.

Elements with content models of this type are comparatively unusual in the TEI: a list of them is provided in the TEI release file stripspace.xsl.model, formatted there for use as an <xsl:strip-space> command for XSL stylesheets.

Most TEI elements permit what is known as mixed-content: that is, they can contain both text and other elements. Here the assumption of these Guidelines is that whitespace will be normalized. This means that all space, carriage return, linefeed, and tab characters are converted into spaces, all consecutive spaces are then deleted and replaced by one space, and then space immediately after a start-tag or immediately before an end-tag is deleted. The result is that this encoding,

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

⚓︎

would be rendered as ‘Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, Baron Lytton of Knebworth’. The space before his name has been removed, a space is included between his forenames, the comma is preserved, and the newlines within his name have all been removed.

If the default treatment described above is not appropriate for a mixed content element, the processing required may be described in the encodingDesc element of the TEI header, but generic XML processing tools may not take note of this.

Alternatively, the xml:space attribute may be supplied with a value of preserve in order to indicate that every space, tab, carriage return and linefeed character found within that element in the document being processed is significant. Typically, the result of that processing will be to retain the whitespace characters in the output. Thus if the above example began <persName xml:space="preserve">, the resulting text would most likely be rendered over five lines, indented, and with a blank line following.

The xml:space="preserve" attribute is rarely used in TEI documents because such layout features are generally captured with less risk and more precision by using native TEI elements such as lb or space, or by using the renditional attributes described in section 1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators.

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TEI: Other Globally Available Attributes⚓︎1.3.1.1.7. Other Globally Available Attributes

The following table lists for convenience other potentially available global attributes. The table specifies the name of the attribute class providing the attributes concerned, the module which must be included in a schema if the attributes are to be made available, and the section of these Guidelines where the class is discussed.

class name | module name | see further
att.global.linking | linking | 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment
att.global.analytic | analysis | 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms
att.global.facs | transcr | 12.1. Digital Facsimiles
att.global.change | transcr | 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

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TEI: Model Classes⚓︎1.3.2. Model Classes

As noted above, the members of a given TEI model class share the property that they can all appear in the same location within a document. Wherever possible, the content model of a TEI element is expressed not directly in terms of specific elements, but indirectly in terms of particular model classes. This makes content models simpler and more consistent; it also makes them much easier to understand and to modify.

Like attribute classes, model classes may have subclasses or superclasses. Just as elements inherit from a class the ability to appear in certain locations of a document (wherever the class can appear), so all members of a subclass inherit the ability to appear wherever any superclass can appear. To some extent, the class system thus provides a way of reducing the whole TEI galaxy of elements into a tidy hierarchy. This is however not entirely the case.

In fact, the nature of a given class of elements can be considered along two dimensions: as noted, it defines a set of places where the class members are permitted within the document hierarchy; it also implies a semantic grouping of some kind. For example, the very large class of elements which can appear within a paragraph comprises a number of other classes, all of which have the same structural property, but which differ in their field of application. Some are related to highlighting, while others relate to names or places, and so on. In some cases, the ‘set of places where class members are permitted’ is very constrained: it may just be within one specific element, or one class of element, for example. In other cases, elements may be permitted to appear in very many places, or in more than one such set of places.

These factors are reflected in the way that model classes are named. If a model class has a name containing part, such as model.divPart or model.biblPart then it is primarily defined in terms of its structural location. For example, those elements (or classes of element) which appear as content of a div constitute the model.divPart class; those which appear as content of a bibl constitute the model.biblPart class. If, however, a model class has a name containing like, such as model.biblLike or model.nameLike, the implication is that its members all have some additional semantic property in common, for example containing a bibliographic description, or containing some form of name, respectively. These semantically-motivated classes often provide a useful way of dividing up large structurally-motivated classes: for example, the very general structural class model.pPart.data (‘data elements that form part of a paragraph’) has four semantically-motivated member classes (model.addressLike, model.dateLike, model.measureLike, and model.nameLike), the last of these being itself a superclass with several members.

Although most classes are defined by the tei infrastructure module, a class cannot be populated unless some other specific module is included in a schema, since element declarations are contained by modules. Classes are not declared ‘top down’, but instead gain their members as a consequence of individual elements' declaration of their membership. The same class may therefore contain different members, depending on which modules are active. Consequently, the content model of a given element (being expressed in terms of model classes) may differ depending on which modules are active.

Some classes contain only a single member, even when all modules are loaded. One reason for declaring such a class is to make it easier for a customization to add new member elements in a specific place, particularly in areas where the TEI does not make fully elaborated proposals. For example, the TEI class model.rdgLike, initially empty, is expanded by the textcrit module to include just the TEI rdg element. A project wishing to add an alternative way of structuring text-critical information could do so by defining their own elements and adding it to this class.

Another reason for declaring single-member classes is where the class members are not needed in all documents, but appear in the same place as elements which are very frequently required. For example, the specialized element g used to represent a non-Unicode character or glyph is provided as the only member of the model.gLike class when the gaiji module is added to a schema. References to this class are included in almost every content model, since if it is used at all the g must be available wherever text is available; however these references have no effect unless the gaiji module is loaded.

At the other end of the scale, a few of the classes predefined by the tei module are subsequently populated with very many members. For example, the class model.pPart.edit groups all the classes of element for simple editorial correction and transcription which can appear within a p or paragraph element. The core module alone adds more than fifty elements to this class; the namesdates module adds another twenty, as does the tagdocs module. Since the p element is one of the basic building blocks of a TEI document it is not surprising that each module will need to add elements to it. The class system here provides a very convenient way of controlling the resulting complexity. Typically, elements are not added directly to these very general classes, but via some intermediate semantically-motivated class.

Just as there are a few classes which have a single member, so there are some classes which are used only once in the TEI architecture. These classes, which have no superclass and therefore do not fit into the class hierarchy defined here, are a convenient way of maintaining elements which are highly structured internally, but which appear from the outside to be uniform objects like others at the same level.² Members of such classes can only ever appear within one element, or one class of elements. For example, the class model.addrPart is used only to express the content model for the element address; it references some other classes of elements, which can appear elsewhere, and also some elements which can only appear inside an address.

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TEI: Informal Element Classifications ⚓︎1.3.2.1. Informal Element Classifications

Most TEI elements may also be informally classified as belonging to one of the following groupings:

divisions

high level, possibly self-nesting, major divisions of texts. These elements populate such classes as model.divLike or model.div1Like, and typically form the largest component units of a text.

chunks

elements such as paragraphs and other paragraph-level elements, which can appear directly within texts or within divisions of them, but not (usually) within other chunks. These elements populate the class model.divPart, either directly or by means of other classes such as model.pLike (paragraph-like elements), model.entryLike, etc.

phrase-level elements

elements such as highlighted phrases, book titles, or editorial corrections which can occur only within chunks, but not between them (and thus cannot appear directly within a division). These elements populate the class model.phrase.³

The TEI also identifies two further groupings derived from these three:

inter-level elements

elements such as lists, notes, quotations, etc. which can appear either between chunks (as children of a div) or within them; these elements populate the class model.inter. Note that this class is not a superset of the model.phrase and model.divPart classes but rather a distinct grouping of elements which are both chunk-like and phrase-like. However, the classes model.phrase, model.pLike, and model.inter are all disjoint.

components

elements which can appear directly within texts or text divisions; this is a combination of the inter- and chunk- level elements defined above. These elements populate the class model.common, which is defined as a superset of the classes model.divPart, model.inter, and (when the dictionary module is included in a schema) model.entryLike.

Broadly speaking, the front, body, and back of a text each comprises a series of components, optionally grouped into divisions.

As noted above, some elements do not belong to any model class, and some model classes are not readily associated with any of the above informal groupings. However, over two-thirds of the 588 elements defined in the present edition of these Guidelines are classified in this way, and future editions of these recommendations will extend and develop this classification scheme.

A complete alphabetical list of all model classes is provided in Appendix A Model Classes.

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TEI: Macros⚓︎1.4. Macros

The infrastructure module defined by this chapter also declares a number of macros, or shortcut names for frequently occurring parts of other declarations. Macros are used in two ways in the TEI scheme: to stand for frequently-encountered content models, or parts of content models (1.4.1. Standard Content Models); and to stand for attribute datatypes (1.4.2. Datatype Specifications).

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TEI: Standard Content Models⚓︎1.4.1. Standard Content Models

As far as possible, the TEI schemas use the following set of frequently-encountered content models to help achieve consistency among different elements.

macro.paraContent (paragraph content) defines the content of paragraphs and similar elements.

macro.limitedContent (paragraph content) defines the content of prose elements that are not used for transcription of extant materials.

macro.phraseSeq (phrase sequence) defines a sequence of character data and phrase-level elements.

macro.phraseSeq.limited (limited phrase sequence) defines a sequence of character data and those phrase-level elements that are not typically used for transcribing extant documents.

macro.specialPara ('special' paragraph content) defines the content model of elements such as notes or list items, which either contain a series of component-level elements or else have the same structure as a paragraph, containing a series of phrase-level and inter-level elements.

macro.xtext (extended text) defines a sequence of character data and gaiji elements.

The present version of the TEI Guidelines includes some 588 different elements. Table 4 shows, in descending order of frequency, the seven most commonly used content models.

Content model | Number of elements using this | Description
macro.phraseSeq | 87 | defines a sequence of character data and phrase-level elements.
macro.paraContent | 52 | defines the content of paragraphs and similar elements.
macro.specialPara | 34 | defines the content model of elements such as notes or list items, which either contain a series of component-level elements or else have the same structure as a paragraph, containing a series of phrase-level and inter-level elements.
macro.phraseSeq.limited | 25 | defines a sequence of character data and those phrase-level elements that are not typically used for transcribing extant documents.
macro.xtext | 9 | defines a sequence of character data and gaiji elements.
macro.limitedContent | 7 | defines the content of prose elements that are not used for transcription of extant materials.
macro.abContent | 1 | defines the content of anonymous block elements.

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TEI: Datatype Specifications⚓︎1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

The values which attributes may take in a TEI schema are defined, for the most part, by reference to a TEI datatype specification. Each such specification is defined in terms of other primitive datatypes, derived mostly from W3C Schema Datatypes, literal values, or other datatypes. This indirection makes it possible for a TEI application to set constraints either globally or in individual cases, by redefining the datatype definition or the reference to it respectively. In some cases, the TEI datatype includes additional usage constraints which cannot be enforced by existing schema languages, although a TEI-compliant processor should attempt to validate them (see further discussion in chapter 24.4. Conformance).

The following element is used to define a TEI datatype:

dataSpec (datatype specification) documents a datatype.

TEI-defined datatypes may be grouped into those which define normalized values for numeric quantities, probabilities, or temporal expressions, those which define various kinds of shorthand codes or keys, and those which define pointers or links.

The following datatypes are used for attributes which are intended to hold normalized values of various kinds. First, expressions of quantity or probability:

teidata.certainty defines the range of attribute values expressing a degree of certainty.

teidata.probability defines the range of attribute values expressing a probability.

teidata.numeric defines the range of attribute values used for numeric values.

teidata.interval defines attribute values used to express an interval value.

teidata.count defines the range of attribute values used for a non-negative integer value used as a count.

Examples of attributes using the teidata.probability datatype include degree on damage or certainty; examples of teidata.numeric include quantity on members of the att.measurement class or value on numeric; examples of teidata.count include cols on cell and table.

Next, the datatypes used for attributes which are intended to hold normalized dates or times, durations, truth values, and language identifiers:

teidata.duration.w3c defines the range of attribute values available for representation of a duration in time using W3C datatypes.

teidata.temporal.w3c defines the range of attribute values expressing a temporal expression such as a date, a time, or a combination of them, that conform to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition specification.

teidata.temporal.working defines the range of values, conforming to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition specification, expressing a date or a date and a time within the working life of the document.

teidata.truthValue defines the range of attribute values used to express a truth value.

teidata.xTruthValue (extended truth value) defines the range of attribute values used to express a truth value which may be unknown.

teidata.language defines the range of attribute values used to identify a particular combination of human language and writing system.

Note that in each of these cases the values used are those recommended by existing international standards: ISO 8601 as profiled by XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition in the case of durations, times, and date; W3C Schema datatypes in the case of truth values; and BCP 47 in the case of language.

The following datatypes have more specialized uses:

teidata.namespace defines the range of attribute values used to indicate XML namespaces as defined by the W3C Namespaces in XML Technical Recommendation.

teidata.namespaceOrName defines attribute values which contain either an absolute namespace URI or a qualified XML name.

teidata.outputMeasurement defines a range of values for use in specifying the size of an object that is intended for display.

teidata.pattern defines attribute values which are expressed as a regular expression.

teidata.point defines the data type used to express a point in cartesian space.

teidata.pointer defines the range of attribute values used to provide a single URI, absolute or relative, pointing to some other resource, either within the current document or elsewhere.

teidata.authority defines attribute values which derive from an authority list, which may be an enumerated list defined in the document's schema, a list or taxonomy elsewhere in the document, or an online taxonomy, gazetteer, or other authority.

teidata.version defines the range of attribute values which may be used to specify a TEI or Unicode version number.

teidata.versionNumber defines the range of attribute values used for version numbers.

teidata.replacement defines attribute values which contain a replacement template.

teidata.xpath defines attribute values which contain an XPath expression.

By far the largest number of TEI attributes take values which are coded values or names of some kind. These values may be constrained or defined in a number of different ways, each of which is given a different name, as follows:

teidata.word defines the range of attribute values expressed as a single word or token.

teidata.text defines the range of attribute values used to express some kind of identifying string as a single sequence of Unicode characters possibly including whitespace.

teidata.name defines the range of attribute values expressed as an XML Name.

teidata.enumerated defines the range of attribute values expressed as a single XML name taken from a list of documented possibilities.

teidata.gender defines the range of attribute values used to represent the gender of a person, persona, or character.

teidata.sex defines the range of attribute values used to identify the sex of an organism.

teidata.xmlName defines attribute values which contain an XML name.

teidata.prefix defines a range of values that may function as a URI scheme name.

Attributes of type teidata.word, such as age on person, are used to supply an identifier expressed as any kind of single token or word. The TEI places a few constraints on the characters which may be used for this purpose: only Unicode characters classified as letters, digits, punctuation characters, or symbols can appear in an attribute value of this kind. Note in particular that such values cannot include whitespace characters. Legal values include cholmondeley, été, 1234, e_content, or xml:id, but not grand wazoo. Attributes of this kind are sometimes used to associate (by co-reference) elements of different types.

Where identifiers are defined externally, for example as part of a database or file system, the inability to include whitespace or other special characters in a value may be problematic. In other cases, it may also be simply more convenient to supply a short sequence of natural language words including spaces as a single value. For these reasons, we also provide a datatype teidata.text which does permit whitespace and indeed any other Unicode character. Legal values include cholmondeley, été, 1234, e-content, xml:id, and grand wazoo. This datatype should be used with care since XML will not normalize whitespace characters within it: for example the values n="a  b" (two spaces) and n="a   b" (three spaces) would be considered distinct. This case should be distinguished from that of an attribute permitting multiple values, each of which may be separated by whitespace which will be normalized (see further 23.5.3.1. Datatypes).

Attributes of type teidata.name are similar to those of type teidata.word, but with the additional constraint that they must be legal XML identifiers, as defined by the XML 1.0 specification, or successors. Hence, they may not begin with digits or punctuation characters. Legal identifiers include cholmondeley, été, e_content, or xml:id, but not grand wazoo or 1234. Attributes of this kind are typically used to represent XML element or attribute names.

Attributes of type teidata.xmlName are similar to those of type teidata.name, but with the additional constraint that they must not contain a colon character (:, U+003A). Thus attributes of this kind are used to represent XML element or attribute names that do not have a namespace prefix.

Attributes of type teidata.prefix, such as ident of prefixDef, are restricted to strings that form legal URI prefixes.⁴ Examples of valid values are http, https, tn3270, xmlrpc.beep, and view-source.

Attributes of type teidata.enumerated, such as new on shift or evidence supplied by att.editLike, have the same definition as teidata.word above, with the added constraint that the word supplied is taken from a specific list of possibilities. In each case, the element or class specification which includes the definition for the attribute will also contain a list of possible values, together with a prose description of their intended significance. This list may be open (in which case the list is advisory), or closed (in which case it determines the range of legal values). In this latter case, the datatype will not be teidata.enumerated, but an explicit list of the possible values.

An attribute may, of course, take more than one value of a given type, for example a list of pointer values, or a list of words. In the TEI scheme, this information is regarded as a property of the datatype element used to document the attribute in question rather than as a distinct ‘datatype’, and is provided by the minOccurs or maxOccurs attribute. See further 23.5.3.1. Datatypes.

In a small number of cases, an attribute may take a value of either one datatype or another. These cases are considered as distinct datatypes:

teidata.probCert defines a range of attribute values which can be expressed either as a numeric probability or as a coded certainty value.

teidata.unboundedCount defines the range of values used for a counting number or the string unbounded for infinity.

teidata.nullOrName defines attribute values which contain either the null string or an XML name.

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TEI: The TEI Infrastructure Module⚓︎1.5. The TEI Infrastructure Module

The tei module defined by this chapter is a required component of any TEI schema. It provides declarations for all datatypes, and initial declarations for the attribute classes, model classes, and macros used by other modules in the TEI scheme. Its components are listed below in alphabetical order:

Module tei: Declarations for classes, datatypes, and macros available to all TEI modules

Classes defined: att.anchoring att.ascribed att.ascribed.directed att.breaking att.cReferencing att.calendarSystem att.canonical att.citing att.cmc att.damaged att.datable att.datable.w3c att.datcat att.declarable att.declaring att.dimensions att.divLike att.docStatus att.duration.iso att.duration.w3c att.editLike att.edition att.formula att.fragmentable att.global att.global.rendition att.global.responsibility att.global.source att.handFeatures att.indentation att.internetMedia att.interpLike att.locatable att.measurement att.media att.naming att.notated att.partials att.personal att.placement att.pointing att.pointing.group att.ranging att.resourced att.scope att.scoping att.segLike att.sortable att.spanning att.styleDef att.timed att.transcriptional att.typed att.written model.addrPart model.addressLike model.annotationLike model.annotationPart.body model.applicationLike model.attributable model.availabilityPart model.biblLike model.biblPart model.castItemPart model.catDescPart model.certLike model.choicePart model.cmc model.common model.correspActionPart model.correspContextPart model.correspDescPart model.dateLike model.descLike model.describedResource model.dimLike model.div1Like model.div2Like model.div3Like model.div4Like model.div5Like model.div6Like model.div7Like model.divBottom model.divBottomPart model.divGenLike model.divLike model.divPart model.divTop model.divTopPart model.divWrapper model.editorialDeclPart model.egLike model.emphLike model.encodingDescPart model.entryPart model.entryPart.top model.eventLike model.featureVal model.featureVal.complex model.featureVal.single model.frontPart model.frontPart.drama model.gLike model.global model.global.edit model.global.meta model.graphicLike model.headLike model.hiLike model.highlighted model.identEquiv model.identSynonyms model.imprintPart model.inter model.lLike model.lPart model.labelLike model.limitedPhrase model.linePart model.listLike model.measureLike model.milestoneLike model.msItemPart model.msQuoteLike model.nameLike model.nameLike.agent model.noteLike model.objectLike model.oddDecl model.oddRef model.offsetLike model.orgPart model.orgStateLike model.pLike model.pLike.front model.pPart.data model.pPart.edit model.pPart.editorial model.pPart.msdesc model.pPart.transcriptional model.paraPart model.persStateLike model.personLike model.personPart model.phrase model.phrase.xml model.placeLike model.placeNamePart model.placeStateLike model.profileDescPart model.ptrLike model.publicationStmtPart.agency model.publicationStmtPart.detail model.quoteLike model.resource model.respLike model.segLike model.settingPart model.sourceDescPart model.specDescLike model.stageLike model.standOffPart model.teiHeaderPart model.textDescPart model.titlepagePart

Macros defined: macro.abContent macro.limitedContent macro.paraContent macro.phraseSeq macro.phraseSeq.limited macro.specialPara macro.xtext teidata.authority teidata.certainty teidata.count teidata.duration.iso teidata.duration.w3c teidata.enumerated teidata.gender teidata.interval teidata.language teidata.name teidata.namespace teidata.namespaceOrName teidata.nullOrName teidata.numeric teidata.outputMeasurement teidata.pattern teidata.point teidata.pointer teidata.prefix teidata.probCert teidata.probability teidata.replacement teidata.sex teidata.temporal.iso teidata.temporal.w3c teidata.temporal.working teidata.text teidata.truthValue teidata.unboundedCount teidata.version teidata.versionNumber teidata.word teidata.xTruthValue teidata.xmlName teidata.xpath

The order in which declarations are made within the infrastructure module is critical, since several class declarations refer to others, which must therefore precede them. Other constraints on the order of declarations derive from the way in which the modularity of the TEI scheme is implemented in different schema languages. The XML DTD fragment implementing this TEI module makes extensive use of parameter entities and marked sections to effect a kind of conditional construction; the RELAX NG schema fragment similarly predeclares a number of patterns with null (‘notAllowed’) values. These issues are further discussed in chapter 24.5. Implementation of an ODD System.

Notes

1

The colon is also by default a valid name character; however, it has a specific purpose in XML (to indicate namespace prefixes), and may not therefore be used in any other way within a name.

2

In former editions of these Guidelines, such elements were known metaphorically as ‘crystals’.

3

Note that in this context, phrase means any string of characters, and can apply to individual words, parts of words, and groups of words indifferently; it does not refer only to linguistically-motivated phrasal units. This may cause confusion for readers accustomed to applying the word in a more restrictive sense.

4

Technically the specification permits the 26 uppercase letters A-Z; however, since ‘the canonical form is lowercase and documents that specify schemes must do so with lowercase letters’, the TEI teidata.prefix datatype does not permit uppercase letters.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

2. The TEI Header

Table of contents

2.1. Organization of the TEI Header

2.2. The File Description

2.3. The Encoding Description

2.4. The Profile Description

2.5. Non-TEI Metadata

2.6. The Revision Description

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

2.8. Note for Library Cataloguers

2.9. The TEI Header Module

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This chapter addresses the problems of describing an encoded work so that the text itself, its source, its encoding, and its revisions are all thoroughly documented. Such documentation is equally necessary for scholars using the texts, for software processing them, and for cataloguers in libraries and archives. Together these descriptions and declarations provide an electronic analogue to the title page attached to a printed work. They also constitute an equivalent for the content of the code books or introductory manuals customarily accompanying electronic data sets.

Every TEI-conformant text must carry such a set of descriptions, prefixed to it and encoded as described in this chapter. The set is known as the TEI header, tagged teiHeader, and has five major parts:

a file description, tagged fileDesc, containing a full bibliographical description of the computer file itself, from which a user of the text could derive a proper bibliographic citation, or which a librarian or archivist could use in creating a catalogue entry recording its presence within a library or archive. The term computer file here is to be understood as referring to the whole entity or document described by the header, even when this is stored in several distinct operating system files. The file description also includes information about the source or sources from which the electronic document was derived. The TEI elements used to encode the file description are described in section 2.2. The File Description below.

an encoding description, tagged encodingDesc, which describes the relationship between an electronic text and its source or sources. It allows for detailed description of whether (or how) the text was normalized during transcription, how the encoder resolved ambiguities in the source, what levels of encoding or analysis were applied, and similar matters. The TEI elements used to encode the encoding description are described in section 2.3. The Encoding Description below.

a text profile, tagged profileDesc, containing classificatory and contextual information about the text, such as its subject matter, the situation in which it was produced, the individuals described by or participating in producing it, and so forth. Such a text profile is of particular use in highly structured composite texts such as corpora or language collections, where it is often highly desirable to enforce a controlled descriptive vocabulary or to perform retrievals from a body of text in terms of text type or origin. The text profile may however be of use in any form of automatic text processing. The TEI elements used to encode the profile description are described in section 2.4. The Profile Description below.

a container element, tagged xenoData, which allows easy inclusion of metadata from non-TEI schemes (i.e., other than elements in the TEI namespace). For example, the MARC record for the encoded document might be included using MARCXML or MODS. A simple set of metadata for harvesting might be included encoded in Dublin Core.

a revision history, tagged revisionDesc, which allows the encoder to provide a history of changes made during the development of the electronic text. The revision history is important for version control and for resolving questions about the history of a file. The TEI elements used to encode the revision description are described in section 2.6. The Revision Description below.

A TEI header can be a very large and complex object, or it may be a very simple one. Some application areas (for example, the construction of language corpora and the transcription of spoken texts) may require more specialized and detailed information than others. The present proposals therefore define both a core set of elements (all of which may be used without formality in any TEI header) and some additional elements which become available within the header as the result of including additional specialized modules within the schema. When the module for language corpora (described in chapter 16. Language Corpora) is in use, for example, several additional elements are available, as further detailed in that chapter.

The next section of the present chapter briefly introduces the overall structure of the header and the kinds of data it may contain. This is followed by a detailed description of all the constituent elements which may be used in the core header. Section 2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers, at the end of the present chapter, discusses the recommended content of a minimal TEI header and its relation to standard library cataloguing practices.

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TEI: Organization of the TEI Header⚓︎2.1. Organization of the TEI Header

TEI: The TEI Header and Its Components⚓︎2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

The teiHeader element should be clearly distinguished from the front matter of the text itself (for which see section 4.5. Front Matter). A composite text, such as a corpus or collection, may contain several headers, as further discussed below. In the general case, however, a TEI-conformant text will contain a single teiHeader element, followed by a single text or facsimile element, or both.

The header element has the following description:

teiHeader (TEI header) supplies descriptive and declarative metadata associated with a digital resource or set of resources.

As discussed above, the teiHeader element has five principal components:

fileDesc (file description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic file.

encodingDesc (encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived.

profileDesc (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting.

xenoData (non-TEI metadata) provides a container element into which metadata in non-TEI formats may be placed.

revisionDesc (revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file.

Of these, only the fileDesc element is required in all TEI headers; the others are optional. That is, only one of the five components of the TEI header (the fileDesc) is mandatory, and it also has some mandatory components, as further discussed in 2.2. The File Description below. The smallest possible valid TEI header thus looks like this:

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- Information about distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- Information about source from which the resource derives -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

bibliography ⚓︎

The content of the elements making up a TEI header may be given in any language, not necessarily that of the text to which the header applies, and not necessarily English. As elsewhere, the xml:lang attribute should be used at an appropriate level to specify the language. For example, in the following schematic example, an English text has been given a French header:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="fr">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the case of language corpora or collections, it may be desirable to record header information either at the level of the individual components in the corpus or collection, or at the level of the corpus or collection itself (more details concerning the tagging of composite texts are given in section 16. Language Corpora, which should be read in conjunction with the current chapter). A corpus may thus take the form:

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- corpus-level metadata here -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata specific to this text here -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata specific to this text here -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Types of Content in the TEI Header⚓︎2.1.2. Types of Content in the TEI Header

The elements occurring within the TEI header may contain several types of content; the following list indicates how these types of content are described in the following sections:

free prose

Most elements contain simple running prose at some level. Many elements may contain either prose (possibly organized into paragraphs) or more specific elements, which themselves contain prose. In this chapter's descriptions of element content, the phrase prose description should be understood to imply a series of paragraphs, each marked as a p element. The word phrase, by contrast, should be understood to imply character data, interspersed as need be with phrase-level elements, but not organized into paragraphs. For more information on paragraphs, highlighted phrases, lists, etc., see section 3.1. Paragraphs.

grouping elements

Elements whose names end with the suffix Stmt (e.g. editionStmt, titleStmt) and the xenoData element enclose a group of specialized elements recording some structured information. In the case of the bibliographic elements, the suffix Stmt is used in names of elements corresponding to the ‘areas’ of the International Standard Bibliographic Description.⁵ In the case of the xenoData element, the specialized elements are not TEI elements, but rather come from some other metadata scheme. In most cases grouping elements may contain prose descriptions as an alternative to the set of specialized elements, thus allowing the encoder to choose whether or not the information concerned should be presented in a structured form or in prose.

declarations

Elements whose names end with the suffix Decl (e.g. tagsDecl, refsDecl) enclose information about specific encoding practices applied in the electronic text; often these practices are described in coded form. Typically, such information takes the form of a series of declarations, identifying a code with some more complex structure or description. A declaration which applies to more than one text or division of a text need not be repeated in the header of each such text or subdivision. Instead, the decls attribute of each text (or subdivision of the text) to which the declaration applies may be used to supply a cross-reference to it, as further described in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

descriptions

Elements whose names end with the suffix Desc (e.g. settingDesc, projectDesc) contain a prose description, possibly, but not necessarily, organized under some specific headings by suggested sub-elements.

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TEI: Model Classes in the TEI Header⚓︎2.1.3. Model Classes in the TEI Header

The TEI header provides a very rich collection of metadata categories, but makes no claim to be exhaustive. It is certainly the case that individual projects may wish to record specialized metadata which either does not fit within one of the predefined categories identified by the TEI header or requires a more specialized element structure than is proposed here. To overcome this problem, the encoder may elect to define additional elements using the customization methods discussed in 24.3. Customization. The TEI class system makes such customizations simpler to effect and easier to use in interchange.

These classes are specific to parts of the header:

model.applicationLike groups elements used to record application-specific information about a document in its header.

application
provides information about an application which has acted upon the document.

model.availabilityPart groups elements such as licences and paragraphs of text which may appear as part of an availability statement.

licence
contains information about a licence or other legal agreement applicable to the text.

model.catDescPart groups component elements of the TEI header Category Description.

textDesc
(text description) provides a description of a text in terms of its situational parameters.

model.editorialDeclPart groups elements which may be used inside editorialDecl and appear multiple times.

correction | (correction principles) states how and under what circumstances corrections have been made in the text.
hyphenation | (hyphenation) summarizes the way in which hyphenation in a source text has been treated in an encoded version of it.
interpretation | (interpretation) describes the scope of any analytic or interpretive information added to the text in addition to the transcription.
normalization | (normalization) indicates the extent of normalization or regularization of the original source carried out in converting it to electronic form.
punctuation | specifies editorial practice adopted with respect to punctuation marks in the original.
quotation | (quotation) specifies editorial practice adopted with respect to quotation marks in the original.
segmentation | (segmentation) describes the principles according to which the text has been segmented, for example into sentences, tone-units, graphemic strata, etc.
stdVals | (standard values) specifies the format used when standardized date or number values are supplied.

model.encodingDescPart groups elements which may be used inside encodingDesc and appear multiple times.

appInfo | (application information) records information about an application which has edited the TEI file.
charDecl | (character declarations) provides information about nonstandard characters and glyphs.
classDecl | (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text.
constraintDecl | (constraint declaration) contains declarations pertaining to formal constraints expressed elsewhere in constraintSpec elements
editorialDecl | (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text.
fsdDecl | (feature system declaration) provides a feature system declaration comprising one or more feature structure declarations or feature structure declaration links.
geoDecl | (geographic coordinates declaration) documents the notation and the datum used for geographic coordinates expressed as content of the geo element elsewhere within the document.
listPrefixDef | (list of prefix definitions) contains a list of definitions of prefixing schemes used in teidata.pointer values, showing how abbreviated URIs using each scheme may be expanded into full URIs.
metDecl | (metrical notation declaration) documents the notation employed to represent a metrical pattern when this is specified as the value of a met, real, or rhyme attribute on any structural element of a metrical text (e.g. lg, l, or seg).
projectDesc | (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected.
refsDecl | (references declaration) specifies how canonical references are constructed for this text.
samplingDecl | (sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in selecting texts, or parts of a text, for inclusion in the resource.
schemaRef | (schema reference) describes or points to a related customization or schema file.
schemaSpec | (schema specification) generates a TEI-conformant schema and documentation for it.
styleDefDecl | (style definition language declaration) specifies the name of the formal language in which style or renditional information is supplied elsewhere in the document. The specific version of the scheme may also be supplied.
tagsDecl | (tagging declaration) provides detailed information about the tagging applied to a document.
transcriptionDesc | (transcription description) describes the set of transcription conventions used, particularly for spoken material.
unitDecl | (unit declarations) provides information about units of measurement that are not members of the International System of Units.
variantEncoding | (variant encoding) declares the method used to encode text-critical variants.

model.profileDescPart groups elements which may be used inside profileDesc and appear multiple times.

abstract | contains a summary or formal abstract prefixed to an existing source document by the encoder.
calendarDesc | (calendar description) contains a description of the calendar system used in any dating expression found in the text.
correspDesc | (correspondence description) contains a description of the actions related to one act of correspondence.
creation | (creation) contains information about the creation of a text.
handNotes | contains one or more handNote elements documenting the different hands identified within the source texts.
langUsage | (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text.
listTranspose | supplies a list of transpositions, each of which is indicated at some point in a document typically by means of metamarks.
particDesc | (participation description) describes the identifiable speakers, voices, or other participants in any kind of text or other persons named or otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata.
settingDesc | (setting description) describes the setting or settings within which a language interaction takes place, or other places otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata.
textClass | (text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc.
textDesc | (text description) provides a description of a text in terms of its situational parameters.

model.teiHeaderPart groups high level elements which may appear more than once in a TEI header.

encodingDesc | (encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived.
profileDesc | (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting.
xenoData | (non-TEI metadata) provides a container element into which metadata in non-TEI formats may be placed.

model.sourceDescPart groups elements which may be used inside sourceDesc and appear multiple times.

recordingStmt | (recording statement) describes a set of recordings used as the basis for transcription of a spoken text.
scriptStmt | (script statement) contains a citation giving details of the script used for a spoken text.

model.textDescPart groups elements used to categorize a text for example in terms of its situational parameters.

channel | (primary channel) describes the medium or channel by which a text is delivered or experienced. For a written text, this might be print, manuscript, email, etc.; for a spoken one, radio, telephone, face-to-face, etc.
constitution | (constitution) describes the internal composition of a text or text sample, for example as fragmentary, complete, etc.
derivation | (derivation) describes the nature and extent of originality of this text.
domain | (domain of use) describes the most important social context in which the text was realized or for which it is intended, for example private vs. public, education, religion, etc.
factuality | (factuality) describes the extent to which the text may be regarded as imaginative or non-imaginative, that is, as describing a fictional or a non-fictional world.
interaction | (interaction) describes the extent, cardinality and nature of any interaction among those producing and experiencing the text, for example in the form of response or interjection, commentary, etc.
preparedness | (preparedness) describes the extent to which a text may be regarded as prepared or spontaneous.

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TEI: The File Description⚓︎2.2. The File Description

This section describes the fileDesc element, which is the first component of the teiHeader element.

The bibliographic description of a machine-readable or digital text resembles in structure that of a book, an article, or any other kind of textual object. The file description element of the TEI header has therefore been closely modelled on existing standards in library cataloguing; it should thus provide enough information to allow users to give standard bibliographic references to the electronic text, and to allow cataloguers to catalogue it. Bibliographic citations occurring elsewhere in the header, and also in the text itself, are derived from the same model (on bibliographic citations in general, see further section 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References). See further section 2.8. Note for Library Cataloguers.

The bibliographic description of an electronic text should be supplied by the mandatory fileDesc element:

fileDesc (file description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic file.

The fileDesc element contains three mandatory elements and four optional elements, each of which is described in more detail in sections 2.2.1. The Title Statement to 2.2.6. The Notes Statement below. These elements are listed below in the order in which they must be given within the fileDesc element.

titleStmt (title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those responsible for its content.

editionStmt (edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text.

extent (extent) describes the approximate size of a text stored on some carrier medium or of some other object, digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units.

publicationStmt (publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text.

seriesStmt (series statement) groups information about the series, if any, to which a publication belongs.

notesStmt (notes statement) collects together any notes providing information about a text additional to that recorded in other parts of the bibliographic description.

sourceDesc (source description) describes the source(s) from which an electronic text was derived or generated, typically a bibliographic description in the case of a digitized text, or a phrase such as ‘born digital’ for a text which has no previous existence.

A complete file description containing all possible sub-elements might look like this:

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

bibliography ⚓︎

Of these elements, only the titleStmt, publicationStmt, and sourceDesc are required; the others may be omitted unless considered useful.

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TEI: The Title Statement⚓︎2.2.1. The Title Statement

The titleStmt element is the first component of the fileDesc element, and is mandatory:

titleStmt (title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those responsible for its content.

It contains the title given to the electronic work, together with one or more optional statements of responsibility which identify the encoder, editor, author, compiler, or other parties responsible for it:

title (title) contains a title for any kind of work.

author (author) in a bibliographic reference, contains the name(s) of an author, personal or corporate, of a work; for example in the same form as that provided by a recognized bibliographic name authority.

editor contains a secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc.

sponsor (sponsor) specifies the name of a sponsoring organization or institution.

funder (funding body) specifies the name of an individual, institution, or organization responsible for the funding of a project or text.

principal (principal researcher) supplies the name of the principal researcher responsible for the creation of an electronic text.

respStmt (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. May also be used to encode information about individuals or organizations which have played a role in the production or distribution of a bibliographic work.

resp (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility, or an organization's role in the production or distribution of a work.

name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.

The title element contains the chief name of the electronic work, including any alternative title or subtitles it may have. It may be repeated, if the work has more than one title (perhaps in different languages) and takes whatever form is considered appropriate by its creator. Where the electronic work is derived from an existing source text, it is strongly recommended that the title for the former should be derived from the latter, but clearly distinguishable from it, for example by the addition of a phrase such as ‘: an electronic transcription’ or ‘a digital edition’. This will distinguish the electronic work from the source text in citations and in catalogues which contain descriptions of both types of material.

The electronic work will also have an external name (its ‘filename’ or ‘data set name’) or reference number on the computer system where it resides at any time. This name is likely to change frequently, as new copies of the file are made on the computer system. Its form is entirely dependent on the particular computer system in use and thus cannot always easily be transferred from one system to another. Moreover, a given work may be composed of many files. For these reasons, these Guidelines strongly recommend that such names should not be used as the title for any electronic work.

Helpful guidance on the formulation of useful descriptive titles in difficult cases may be found in chapter 25 of Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (2002–2005)) or another national cataloguing code.

The elements author, editor, sponsor, funder, and principal, are specializations of the more general respStmt element. These elements are used to provide the statements of responsibility which identify the person(s) responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of an item and any corporate bodies from which it emanates.

Any number of such statements may occur within the title statement. At a minimum, identify the author of the text and (where appropriate) the creator of the file. If the bibliographic description is for a corpus, identify the creator of the corpus. Optionally include also names of others involved in the transcription or elaboration of the text, sponsors, and funding agencies. The name of the person responsible for physical data input need not normally be recorded, unless that person is also intellectually responsible for some aspect of the creation of the file.

Where the person whose responsibility is to be documented is not an author, sponsor, funding body, or principal researcher, the respStmt element should be used. This has two subcomponents: a name element identifying a responsible individual or organization, and a resp element indicating the nature of the responsibility. No specific recommendations are made at this time as to appropriate content for the resp: it should make clear the nature of the responsibility concerned, as in the examples below.

Names given may be personal names or corporate names. Give all names in the form in which the persons or bodies wish to be publicly cited. This would usually be the fullest form of the name, including first names.⁶

Examples:

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a
   machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

⚓︎

<titleStmt>
 <title>Two stories by Edgar Allen Poe: electronic version</title>
 <author>Poe, Edgar Allen (1809-1849)</author>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>James D. Benson</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

⚓︎

<titleStmt>
 <title>Yogadarśanam (arthāt
   yogasūtrapūṭhaḥ):
   a digital edition.</title>
 <title>The Yogasūtras of Patañjali:
   a digital edition.</title>
 <funder>Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine</funder>
 <principal>Dominik Wujastyk</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Wieslaw Mical</name>
  <resp>data entry and proof correction</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Jan Hajic</name>
  <resp>conversion to TEI-conformant markup</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

⚓︎

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TEI: The Edition Statement⚓︎2.2.2. The Edition Statement

The editionStmt element is the second component of the fileDesc element. It is optional but recommended.

editionStmt (edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text.

It contains either phrases or more specialized elements identifying the edition and those responsible for it:

edition (edition) describes the particularities of one edition of a text.

respStmt (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. May also be used to encode information about individuals or organizations which have played a role in the production or distribution of a bibliographic work.

name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.

resp (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility, or an organization's role in the production or distribution of a work.

For printed texts, the word edition applies to the set of all the identical copies of an item produced from one master copy and issued by a particular publishing agency or a group of such agencies. A change in the identity of the distributing body or bodies does not normally constitute a change of edition, while a change in the master copy does.

For electronic texts, the notion of a ‘master copy’ is not entirely appropriate, since they are far more easily copied and modified than printed ones; nonetheless the term edition may be used for a particular state of a machine-readable text at which substantive changes are made and fixed. Synonymous terms used in these Guidelines are version, level, and release. The words revision and update, by contrast, are used for minor changes to a file which do not amount to a new edition.

No simple rule can specify how ‘substantive’ changes have to be before they are regarded as producing a new edition, rather than a simple update. The general principle proposed here is that the production of a new edition entails a significant change in the intellectual content of the file, rather than its encoding or appearance. The addition of analytic coding to a text would thus constitute a new edition, while automatic conversion from one coded representation to another would not. Changes relating to the character code or physical storage details, corrections of misspellings, simple changes in the arrangement of the contents and changes in the output format do not normally constitute a new edition, whereas the addition of new information (e.g. a linguistic analysis expressed in part-of-speech tagging, sound or graphics, referential links to external data sets) almost always does.

Clearly, there will always be borderline cases and the matter is somewhat arbitrary. The simplest rule is: if you think that your file is a new edition, then call it such. An edition statement is optional for the first release of a computer file; it is mandatory for each later release, though this requirement cannot be enforced by the parser.

Note that all changes in a file considered significant, whether or not they are regarded as constituting a new edition or simply a new revision, should be independently noted in the revision description section of the file header (see section 2.6. The Revision Description).

The edition element should contain phrases describing the edition or version, including the word edition, version, or equivalent, together with a number or date, or terms indicating difference from other editions such as new edition, revised edition etc. Any dates that occur within the edition statement should be marked with the date element. The n attribute of the edition element may be used as elsewhere to supply any formal identification (such as a version number) for the edition.

One or more respStmt elements may also be used to supply statements of responsibility for the edition in question. These may refer to individuals or corporate bodies and can indicate functions such as that of a reviser, or can name the person or body responsible for the provision of supplementary matter, of appendices, etc., in a new edition. For further detail on the respStmt element, see section 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References.

Some examples follow:

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="P2">Second draft, substantially
   extended, revised, and corrected.</edition>
</editionStmt>

⚓︎

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Student's edition, <date>June 1987</date>
 </edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>New annotations by</resp>
  <name>George Brown</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

⚓︎

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TEI: Type and Extent of File⚓︎2.2.3. Type and Extent of File

The extent element is the third component of the fileDesc element. It is optional.

extent (extent) describes the approximate size of a text stored on some carrier medium or of some other object, digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units.

For printed books, information about the carrier, such as the kind of medium used and its size, are of great importance in cataloguing procedures. The print-oriented rules for bibliographic description of an item's medium and extent need some re-interpretation when applied to electronic media. An electronic file exists as a distinct entity quite independently of its carrier and remains the same intellectual object whether it is stored on a magnetic tape, a CD-ROM, a set of floppy disks, or as a file on a mainframe computer. Since, moreover, these Guidelines are specifically aimed at facilitating transparent document storage and interchange, any purely machine-dependent information should be irrelevant as far as the file header is concerned.

This is particularly true of information about file-type although library-oriented rules for cataloguing often distinguish two types of computer file: ‘data’ and ‘programs’. This distinction is quite difficult to draw in some cases, for example, hypermedia or texts with built in search and retrieval software.

Although it is equally system-dependent, some measure of the size of the computer file may be of use for cataloguing and other practical purposes. Because the measurement and expression of file size is fraught with difficulties, only very general recommendations are possible; the element extent is provided for this purpose. It contains a phrase indicating the size or approximate size of the computer file in one of the following ways:

in bytes of a specified length (e.g. ‘4000 16-bit bytes’)

as falling within a range of categories, for example:

less than 1 Mb

between 1 Mb and 5 Mb

between 6 Mb and 10 Mb

over 10 Mb

in terms of any convenient logical units (for example, words or sentences, citations, paragraphs)

in terms of any convenient physical units (for example, blocks, disks, tapes)

The use of standard abbreviations for units of quantity is recommended where applicable, here as elsewhere (see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.html).

Examples:

<extent>between 1 and
2 Mb</extent>
<extent>4.2 MiB</extent>
<extent>4532 bytes</extent>
<extent>3200 sentences</extent>
<extent>Five 90 mm High Density Diskettes</extent>

⚓︎

The measure element and its attributes may be used to supply machine-tractable or normalized versions of the size or sizes given, as in the following example:

<extent>
 <measure unit="MiB" quantity="4.2">About four megabytes</measure>
 <measure unit="pages" quantity="245">245 pages of source
   material</measure>
</extent>

⚓︎

Note that when more than one measure is supplied in a single extent, the implication is that all the measurements apply to the whole resource.

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TEI: Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.⚓︎2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

The publicationStmt element is the fourth component of the fileDesc element and is mandatory. Its function is to name the agency by which a resource is made available (for example, a publisher or distributor) and to supply any additional information about the way in which it is made available such as licensing conditions, identifying numbers, etc.

publicationStmt (publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text.

It may contain either a simple prose description organized as one or more paragraphs, or the more specialised elements described below.

A structured publication statement must begin with one of the following elements:

publisher (publisher) provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.

distributor (distributor) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the distribution of a text.

authority (release authority) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for making a work available, other than a publisher or distributor.

These elements form the model.publicationStmtPart.agency class; if the agency making the resource available is unknown, but other structured information about it is available, an explicit statement such as ‘publisher unknown’ should be used.

The publisher is the person or institution by whose authority a given edition of the file is made public. The distributor is the person or institution from whom copies of the text may be obtained. Where a text is not considered formally published, but is nevertheless made available for circulation by some individual or organization, this person or institution is termed the release authority.

Whichever of these elements is chosen, it may be followed by one or more of the following elements, which together form the model.publicationStmtPart.detail class

pubPlace (publication place) contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published.

address (address) contains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual.

idno (identifier) supplies any form of identifier used to identify some object, such as a bibliographic item, a person, a title, an organization, etc. in a standardized way.

type
categorizes the identifier, for example as an ISBN, Social Security number, etc. Suggested values include: 1] ISBN; 2] ISSN; 3] DOI; 4] URI; 5] VIAF; 6] ESTC; 7] OCLC

availability (availability) supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, any licence applying to it, etc.

status
(status) supplies a code identifying the current availability of the text.

date (date) contains a date in any format.

licence contains information about a licence or other legal agreement applicable to the text.

Here is a simple example:

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
 <idno type="ISBN">0-19-254705-4</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Copyright 1989, Oxford University Press</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

⚓︎

The model.publicationStmtPart.detail elements all supply additional information relating to the the publisher, distributor, or release authority immediately preceding them. In the following example, Benson is identified as responsible for distribution of some resource at the date and place cited:

<publicationStmt>
 <authority>James D. Benson</authority>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

⚓︎

A resource may have (for example) both a publisher and a distributor, or more than one publisher each using different identifiers for the same resource, and so on. For this reason, the sequence of at least one model.publicationStmtPart.agency element followed by zero or more model.publicationStmtPart.detail elements may be repeated as often as necessary.

The following example shows a resource published by one agency (Sigma Press) at one address and date, which is also distributed by another (Oxford Text Archive), with a specified identifier and a different date:

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Sigma Press</publisher>
 <address>
  <addrLine>21 High Street,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Wilmslow,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Cheshire M24 3DF</addrLine>
 </address>
 <date>1991</date>
 <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
 <idno type="OTA">1256</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Available with prior consent of depositor for
     purposes of academic research and teaching only.</p>
 </availability>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

⚓︎

The date element used within publicationStmt always refers to the date of publication, first distribution, or initial release. If the text was created at some other date, this may be recorded using the creation element within the profileDesc element. Other useful dates (such as dates of collection of data) may be given using a note in the notesStmt element.

The availability element may be used, as above, to provide a simple prose statement of any restrictions concerning the distribution of the resource. Alternatively, a more formal statement of the licensing conditions applicable may be provided using the licence element:

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Victoria, BC</pubPlace>
 <date>2011</date>
 <availability status="restricted">
  <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"> Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
  </licence>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

⚓︎

Note here the use of the target attribute to point to a location from which the licence document itself may be obtained. Alternatively, the licence document may simply be contained within the licence element.

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TEI: The Series Statement⚓︎2.2.5. The Series Statement

The seriesStmt element is the fifth component of the fileDesc element and is optional.

seriesStmt (series statement) groups information about the series, if any, to which a publication belongs.

In bibliographic parlance, a series may be defined in one of the following ways:

A group of separate items related to one another by the fact that each item bears, in addition to its own title proper, a collective title applying to the group as a whole. The individual items may or may not be numbered.

Each of two or more volumes of essays, lectures, articles, or other items, similar in character and issued in sequence.

A separately numbered sequence of volumes within a series or serial.

A seriesStmt element may contain a prose description or one or more of the following more specific elements:

title (title) contains a title for any kind of work.

idno (identifier) supplies any form of identifier used to identify some object, such as a bibliographic item, a person, a title, an organization, etc. in a standardized way.

respStmt (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. May also be used to encode information about individuals or organizations which have played a role in the production or distribution of a bibliographic work.

resp (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility, or an organization's role in the production or distribution of a work.

name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.

The idno may be used to supply any identifying number associated with the item, including both standard numbers such as an ISSN and particular issue numbers. (Arabic numerals separated by punctuation are recommended for this purpose: 6.19.33, for example, rather than VI/xix:33). Its type attribute is used to categorize the number further, taking the value ISSN for an ISSN for example. Multiple seriesStmt elements may be supplied if the TEI document is associated with more than one series.

Examples:

<seriesStmt>
 <title level="s">Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of
   Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

⚓︎

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TEI: The Notes Statement⚓︎2.2.6. The Notes Statement

The notesStmt element is the sixth component of the fileDesc element and is optional. If used, it contains one or more note elements, each containing a single piece of descriptive information of the kind treated as ‘general notes’ in traditional bibliographic descriptions.

notesStmt (notes statement) collects together any notes providing information about a text additional to that recorded in other parts of the bibliographic description.

note (note) contains a note or annotation.

Some information found in the notes area in conventional bibliography has been assigned specific elements in these Guidelines; in particular the following items should be tagged as indicated, rather than as general notes:

the nature, scope, artistic form, or purpose of the file; also the genre or other intellectual category to which it may belong: e.g. ‘Text types: newspaper editorials and reportage, science fiction, westerns, and detective stories’. These should be formally described within the profileDesc element (section 2.4. The Profile Description).

an abstract or summary of the content of a document which has been supplied by the encoder because no such abstract forms part of the content of the source. This should be supplied in the abstract element within the profileDesc element (section 2.4. The Profile Description).

summary description providing a factual, non-evaluative account of the subject content of the file: e.g. ‘Transcribes interviews on general topics with native speakers of English in 17 cities during the spring and summer of 1963.’ These should also be formally described within the profileDesc element (section 2.4. The Profile Description).

bibliographic details relating to the source or sources of an electronic text: e.g. ‘Transcribed from the Norton facsimile of the 1623 Folio’. These should be formally described in the sourceDesc element (section 2.2.7. The Source Description).

further information relating to publication, distribution, or release of the text, including sources from which the text may be obtained, any restrictions on its use or formal terms on its availability. These should be placed in the appropriate division of the publicationStmt element (section 2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.).

publicly documented numbers associated with the file: e.g. ‘ICPSR study number 1803’ or ‘Oxford Text Archive text number 1243’. These should be placed in an idno element within the appropriate division of the publicationStmt element. International Standard Serial Numbers (ISSN), International Standard Book Numbers (ISBN), and other internationally agreed upon standard numbers that uniquely identify an item, should be treated in the same way, rather than as specialized bibliographic notes.

Nevertheless, the notesStmt element may be used to record potentially significant details about the file and its features, e.g.:

dates, when they are relevant to the content or condition of the computer file: e.g. ‘manual dated 1983’, ‘Interview wave I: Apr. 1989; wave II: Jan. 1990’

names of persons or bodies connected with the technical production, administration, or consulting functions of the effort which produced the file, if these are not named in statements of responsibility in the title or edition statements of the file description: e.g. ‘Historical commentary provided by Mark Cohen’

availability of the file in an additional medium or information not already recorded about the availability of documentation: e.g. ‘User manual is loose-leaf in eleven paginated sections’

language of work and abstract, if not encoded in the langUsage element, e.g. ‘Text in English with summaries in French and German’

The unique name assigned to a serial by the International Serials Data System (ISDS), if not encoded in an idno

lists of related publications, either describing the source itself, or concerned with the creation or use of the electronic work, e.g. ‘Texts used in Burrows (1987)’

Each such item of information may be tagged using the general-purpose note element, which is described in section 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing. Groups of notes are contained within the notesStmt element, as in the following example:

<notesStmt>
 <note>Historical commentary provided by Mark Cohen.</note>
 <note>OCR scanning done at University of Toronto.</note>
</notesStmt>

⚓︎

There are advantages, however, to encoding such information with more precise elements elsewhere in the TEI header, when such elements are available. For example, the notes above might be encoded as follows:

<titleStmt>
 <title>…</title>
 <respStmt>
  <persName>Mark Cohen</persName>
  <resp>historical commentary</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <orgName>University of Toronto</orgName>
  <resp>OCR scanning</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

⚓︎

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TEI: The Source Description⚓︎2.2.7. The Source Description

The sourceDesc element is the seventh and final component of the fileDesc element. It is a mandatory element and is used to record details of the source or sources from which a computer file is derived. This might be a printed text or manuscript, another computer file, an audio or video recording of some kind, or a combination of these. An electronic file may also have no source, if what is being catalogued is an original text created in electronic form.

sourceDesc (source description) describes the source(s) from which an electronic text was derived or generated, typically a bibliographic description in the case of a digitized text, or a phrase such as ‘born digital’ for a text which has no previous existence.

The sourceDesc element may contain little more than a simple prose description, or a brief note stating that the document has no source:

<sourceDesc>
 <p>Born digital.</p>
</sourceDesc>

⚓︎

Alternatively, it may contain elements drawn from the following three classes:

model.biblLike groups elements containing a bibliographic description.

bibl | (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged.
biblFull | (fully-structured bibliographic citation) contains a fully-structured bibliographic citation, in which all components of the TEI file description are present.
biblStruct | (structured bibliographic citation) contains a structured bibliographic citation, in which only bibliographic sub-elements appear and in a specified order.
listBibl | (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind.
msDesc | (manuscript description) contains a description of a single identifiable manuscript or other text-bearing object such as an early printed book.

model.sourceDescPart groups elements which may be used inside sourceDesc and appear multiple times.

recordingStmt | (recording statement) describes a set of recordings used as the basis for transcription of a spoken text.
scriptStmt | (script statement) contains a citation giving details of the script used for a spoken text.

model.listLike groups list-like elements.

list | (list) contains any sequence of items organized as a list.
listApp | (list of apparatus entries) contains a list of apparatus entries.
listEvent | (list of events) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable event.
listNym | (list of canonical names) contains a list of nyms, that is, standardized names for any thing.
listObject | (list of objects) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable physical object.
listOrg | (list of organizations) contains a list of elements, each of which provides information about an identifiable organization.
listPerson | (list of persons) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable person or a group of people, for example the participants in a language interaction, or the people referred to in a historical source.
listPlace | (list of places) contains a list of places, optionally followed by a list of relationships (other than containment) defined amongst them.
listRelation | provides information about relationships identified amongst people, places, and organizations, either informally as prose or as formally expressed relation links.
listWit | (witness list) lists definitions for all the witnesses referred to by a critical apparatus, optionally grouped hierarchically.
table | (table) contains text displayed in tabular form, in rows and columns.

These classes make available by default a range of ways of providing bibliographic citations which specify the provenance of the text. For written or printed sources, the source may be described in the same way as any other bibliographic citation, using one of the following elements:

bibl (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged.

biblStruct (structured bibliographic citation) contains a structured bibliographic citation, in which only bibliographic sub-elements appear and in a specified order.

listBibl (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind.

These elements are described in more detail in section 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References. Using them, a source might be described in very simple terms:

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by
   Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile, 1968)</bibl>
</sourceDesc>

⚓︎

or with more elaboration:

<sourceDesc>
 <biblStruct xml:lang="fr">
  <monogr>
   <author>Eugène Sue</author>
   <title>Martin, l'enfant trouvé</title>
   <title type="sub">Mémoires d'un valet de chambre</title>
   <imprint>
    <pubPlace>Bruxelles et Leipzig</pubPlace>
    <publisher>C. Muquardt</publisher>
    <date when="1846">1846</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>

⚓︎

When the header describes a text derived from some pre-existing TEI-conformant or other digital document, it may be simpler to use the following element, which is designed specifically for documents derived from texts which were ‘born digital’:

biblFull (fully-structured bibliographic citation) contains a fully-structured bibliographic citation, in which all components of the TEI file description are present.

For further discussion see section 2.2.8. TEI documents derived from other TEI documents.

When the module for manuscript description is included in a schema, this class also makes available the following element:

msDesc (manuscript description) contains a description of a single identifiable manuscript or other text-bearing object such as an early printed book.

This element enables the encoder to record very detailed information about one or more manuscript or analogous sources, as further discussed in 11. Manuscript Description.

The model.sourceDescPart class also makes available additional elements when additional modules are included. For example, when the spoken module is included, the sourceDesc element may also include the following special-purpose elements, intended for cases where an electronic text is derived from a spoken text rather than a written one:

scriptStmt (script statement) contains a citation giving details of the script used for a spoken text.

recordingStmt (recording statement) describes a set of recordings used as the basis for transcription of a spoken text.

Full descriptions of these elements and their contents are given in section 8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech.

A single electronic text may be derived from multiple source documents, in whole or in part. The sourceDesc may therefore contain a listBibl element grouping together bibl, biblStruct, or msDesc elements for each of the sources concerned. It is also possible to repeat the sourceDesc element in such a case. The decls attribute described in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text may be used to associate parts of the encoded text with the bibliographic element from which it derives in either case.

The source description may also include lists of names, persons, places, etc. when these are considered to form part of the source for an encoded document. When such information is recorded using the specialized elements discussed in the namesdates module (14. Names, Dates, People, and Places), the class model.listLike makes available the following elements to hold such information:

listNym (list of canonical names) contains a list of nyms, that is, standardized names for any thing.

listOrg (list of organizations) contains a list of elements, each of which provides information about an identifiable organization.

listPerson (list of persons) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable person or a group of people, for example the participants in a language interaction, or the people referred to in a historical source.

listPlace (list of places) contains a list of places, optionally followed by a list of relationships (other than containment) defined amongst them.

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TEI: TEI documents derived from other TEI documents⚓︎2.2.8. TEI documents derived from other TEI documents

When a TEI document (call it B) is derived not from a printed source but from another TEI file (call it A), then the five sections of A's file header will need to be incorporated into the new header for B as indicated below:

fileDesc

A's file description should be copied into the sourceDesc section of B's file description, enclosed within a biblFull element

profileDesc

A's profileDesc should be copied into B's, in principle unchanged; it may however be expanded by project-specific information relating to B.

encodingDesc

A's encoding practice may or (more likely) may not be the same as B's. Since the object of the encoding description is to define the relationship between the current file and its source, in principle only changes in encoding practice between A and B need be documented in B. The relationship between A and its source(s) is then only recoverable from the original header of A. In practice it may be more convenient to create a new complete encodingDesc for B based on A's.

xenoData

B is a new computer file, with a different source than A's source (namely, A). Thus it is unlikely that metadata from other schemes about A or its source can be copied wholesale to B, although there may be similarities.

revisionDesc

B is a new computer file, and should therefore have a new revision description. If, however, it is felt useful to include some information from A's revisionDesc, for example dates of major updates or versions, such information must be clearly marked as relating to A rather than to B.

This concludes the discussion of the fileDesc element and its contents.

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TEI: The Encoding Description⚓︎2.3. The Encoding Description

The encodingDesc element is the second major subdivision of the TEI header. It specifies the methods and editorial principles which governed the transcription or encoding of the text in hand and may also include sets of coded definitions used by other components of the header. Though not formally required, its use is highly recommended.

encodingDesc (encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived.

The encoding description may contain any combination of paragraphs of text, marked up using the p element, along with more specialized elements taken from the model.encodingDescPart class. By default, this class makes available the following elements:

projectDesc (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected.

samplingDecl (sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in selecting texts, or parts of a text, for inclusion in the resource.

editorialDecl (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text.

tagsDecl (tagging declaration) provides detailed information about the tagging applied to a document.

styleDefDecl (style definition language declaration) specifies the name of the formal language in which style or renditional information is supplied elsewhere in the document. The specific version of the scheme may also be supplied.

refsDecl (references declaration) specifies how canonical references are constructed for this text.

classDecl (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text.

geoDecl (geographic coordinates declaration) documents the notation and the datum used for geographic coordinates expressed as content of the geo element elsewhere within the document.

unitDecl (unit declarations) provides information about units of measurement that are not members of the International System of Units.

schemaSpec (schema specification) generates a TEI-conformant schema and documentation for it.

schemaRef (schema reference) describes or points to a related customization or schema file.

Each of these elements is further described in the appropriate section below. Other modules have the ability to extend this class; examples are noted in section 2.3.12. Module-Specific Declarations

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TEI: The Project Description⚓︎2.3.1. The Project Description

The projectDesc element may be used to describe, in prose, the purpose for which a digital resource was created, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected. This is of particular importance for corpora or miscellaneous collections, but may be of use for any text, for example to explain why one kind of encoding practice has been followed rather than another.

projectDesc (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected.

For example:

<encodingDesc>
 <projectDesc>
  <p>Texts collected for use in the
     Claremont Shakespeare Clinic, June 1990.</p>
 </projectDesc>
</encodingDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: The Sampling Declaration⚓︎2.3.2. The Sampling Declaration

The samplingDecl element may be used to describe, in prose, the rationale and methods used in selecting texts, or parts of text, for inclusion in the resource.

samplingDecl (sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in selecting texts, or parts of a text, for inclusion in the resource.

It should include information about such matters as

the size of individual samples

the method or methods by which they were selected

the underlying population being sampled

the object of the sampling procedure used

but is not restricted to these.

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Samples of 2000 words taken from the beginning of the text.</p>
</samplingDecl>

⚓︎

It may also include a simple description of any parts of the source text included or excluded.

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Text of stories only has been transcribed. Pull quotes, captions,
   and advertisements have been silently omitted. Any mathematical
   expressions requiring symbols not present in the ISOnum or ISOpub
   entity sets have been omitted, and their place marked with a GAP
   element.</p>
</samplingDecl>

⚓︎

A sampling declaration which applies to more than one text or division of a text need not be repeated in the header of each such text. Instead, the decls attribute of each text (or subdivision of the text) to which the sampling declaration applies may be used to supply a cross-reference to it, as further described in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

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TEI: The Editorial Practices Declaration⚓︎2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

The editorialDecl element is used to provide details of the editorial practices applied during the encoding of a text.

editorialDecl (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text.

It may contain a prose description only, or one or more of a set of specialized elements, members of the TEI model.editorialDeclPart class. Where an encoder wishes to record an editorial policy not specified above, this may be done by adding a new element to this class, using the mechanisms discussed in chapter 24.3. Customization.

Some of these policy elements carry attributes to support automated processing of certain well-defined editorial decisions; all of them contain a prose description of the editorial principles adopted with respect to the particular feature concerned. Examples of the kinds of questions which these descriptions are intended to answer are given in the list below.

correction

correction (correction principles) states how and under what circumstances corrections have been made in the text.

status | indicates the degree of correction applied to the text.
method | indicates the method adopted to indicate corrections within the text.

Was the text corrected during or after data capture? If so, were corrections made silently or are they marked using the tags described in section 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes? What principles have been adopted with respect to omissions, truncations, dubious corrections, alternate readings, false starts, repetitions, etc.?

normalization

normalization (normalization) indicates the extent of normalization or regularization of the original source carried out in converting it to electronic form.

source [att.global.source] | specifies the source from which some aspect of this element is drawn.
method | indicates the method adopted to indicate normalizations within the text.

Was the text normalized, for example by regularizing any non-standard spellings, dialect forms, etc.? If so, were normalizations performed silently or are they marked using the tags described in section 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes? What authority was used for the regularization? Also, what principles were used when normalizing numbers to provide the standard values for the value attribute described in section 3.6.3. Numbers and Measures and what format used for them?

punctuation

punctuation specifies editorial practice adopted with respect to punctuation marks in the original.

marks | indicates whether or not punctation marks have been retained as content within the text.
placement | indicates the positioning of punctuation marks that are associated with marked up text as being encoded within the element surrounding the text or immediately before or after it.

Are punctuation marks present in the original source retained? Are they identified with the element pc, or implied by markup? If retained, how are they placed with respect to related elements? For example, do commas and periods appear inside or outside elements marking phrases and sentences?

quotation

quotation (quotation) specifies editorial practice adopted with respect to quotation marks in the original.

marks
(quotation marks) indicates whether or not quotation marks have been retained as content within the text.

How were quotation marks processed? Are apostrophes and quotation marks distinguished? How? Are quotation marks retained as content in the text or replaced by markup? Are there any special conventions regarding for example the use of single or double quotation marks when nested? Is the file consistent in its practice or has this not been checked? See section 3.3.3. Quotation for discussion of ways in which quotation marks may be encoded.

hyphenation

hyphenation (hyphenation) summarizes the way in which hyphenation in a source text has been treated in an encoded version of it.

eol
(end-of-line) indicates whether or not end-of-line hyphenation has been retained in a text.

Does the encoding distinguish ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ hyphens? What principle has been adopted with respect to end-of-line hyphenation where source lineation has not been retained? Have soft hyphens been silently removed, and if so what is the effect on lineation and pagination? See section 3.2.2. Hyphenation for discussion of ways in which hyphenation may be encoded.

segmentation

segmentation (segmentation) describes the principles according to which the text has been segmented, for example into sentences, tone-units, graphemic strata, etc.

How is the text segmented? If s or seg segmentation units have been used to divide up the text for analysis, how are they marked and how was the segmentation arrived at?

stdVals

stdVals (standard values) specifies the format used when standardized date or number values are supplied.

In most cases, attributes bearing standardized values (such as the when or when-iso attribute on dates) should conform to a defined W3C or ISO datatype. In cases where this is not appropriate, this element may be used to describe the standardization methods underlying the values supplied.

interpretation

interpretation (interpretation) describes the scope of any analytic or interpretive information added to the text in addition to the transcription.

Has any analytic or ‘interpretive’ information been provided—that is, information which is felt to be non-obvious, or potentially contentious? If so, how was it generated? How was it encoded? If feature-structure analysis has been used, are fsdDecl elements (section 19.11. Feature System Declaration) present?

Any information about the editorial principles applied not falling under one of the above headings should be recorded in a distinct list of items. Experience shows that a full record should be kept of decisions relating to editorial principles and encoding practice, both for future users of the text and for the project which produced the text in the first instance. Some simple examples follow:

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

⚓︎

An editorial practices declaration which applies to more than one text or division of a text need not be repeated in the header of each such text. Instead, the decls attribute of each text (or subdivision of the text) to which it applies may be used to supply a cross-reference to it, as further described in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

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TEI: The Tagging Declaration⚓︎2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration

The tagsDecl element is used to record the following information about the tagging used within a particular document:

the namespace to which elements appearing within the transcribed text belong.

how often particular elements appear within the text, so that a recipient can validate the integrity of a text during interchange.

any comment relating to the usage of particular elements not specified elsewhere in the header.

a default rendition applicable to all instances of an element.

This information is conveyed by the following elements:

rendition (rendition) supplies information about the rendition or appearance of one or more elements in the source text.

selector
contains a selector or series of selectors specifying the elements to which the contained style description applies, expressed in the language specified in the scheme attribute.

att.styleDef provides attributes to specify the name of a formal definition language used to provide formatting or rendition information.

scheme | identifies the language used to describe the rendition.
schemeVersion | supplies a version number for the style language provided in scheme.

namespace (namespace) supplies the formal name of the namespace to which the elements documented by its children belong.

tagUsage (element usage) documents the usage of a specific element within a specified document.

The tagsDecl element is descriptive, rather than prescriptive: if used, it simply documents practice in the TEI document containing it. The elements constituting a TEI customization file (discussed in chapter 23. Documentation Elements) by contrast document expected practice in a number of documents, and may thus be used prescriptively. If there is an inconsistency between the actual state of a document and what is documented by its tagsDecl, then the latter should be corrected. If there is an inconsistency between a document and what is required by the customization file, or a schema derived from it, then it will usually be the document that requires correction.

The tagsDecl element consists of an optional sequence of rendition elements, each of which must bear a unique identifier, followed by an optional sequence of one or more namespace elements, each of which contains a series of tagUsage elements, up to one for each element type from that namespace occurring within the associated text element. Note that these tagUsage elements must be nested within a namespace element, and cannot appear directly within the tagsDecl element.

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TEI: Rendition⚓︎2.3.4.1. Rendition

The rendition element allows the encoder to specify how one or more elements are rendered in the original source in any of the following ways:

using an informal prose description

using a standard stylesheet language such as CSS or XSL-FO

using a project-defined formal language

One or more such specifications may be associated with elements of a document in two ways:

the selector attribute on any rendition element may be used to select a collection of elements to which it applies

the global rendition attribute may be used on any element to indicate its rendition, overriding or complementing any supplied default value

The global rend and style attributes may also be used to describe the rendering of an element. See further 1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators.

The content of a rendition element may describe the appearance of the source material using prose, a project-defined formal language, or any standard languages such as the Cascading Stylesheet Language (Bos et al. (eds.) (2011)) or the XML vocabulary for specifying formatting semantics which forms a part of the W3C's Extensible Stylesheet Language (Berglund (ed.) (2006)). A styleDefDecl element (2.3.5. The Default Style Definition Language Declaration) may be supplied within the encodingDesc to specify which of these applies by default, and it may be overridden for one or more specific rendition elements using the scheme attribute.

The recommended way to indicate a default rendition on one or more elements is to use the selector attribute together with the scheme attribute on rendition. For example, suppose that all paragraphs in the front of a text appear in a large font, with significant top and bottom margins, while paragraphs in the main body are in regular font size and have no top and bottom margins. The use of selector together with scheme provides an efficient way to specify the distinct styling for distinct contexts of the paragraph by means of CSS selectors:

<rendition scheme="css" selector="front p">
font-size: 110%;
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
</rendition>

⚓︎

<rendition scheme="css" selector="body p">
font-size: 100%;
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
</rendition>

⚓︎

In the following extended example we consider how to capture the appearance of a typical early 20th century titlepage, such as that in the following figure:

bibliography

Elements for the encoding of the information on a titlepage are presented in 4.6. Title Pages; here we consider how we might go about encoding some of the visual information as well, using the rendition element and its corresponding attributes.

First we define a rendition element for each aspect of the source page rendition that we wish to retain. Details of CSS are given in Bos et al. (eds.) (2011); we use it here simply to provide a vocabulary with which to describe such aspects as font size and style, letter and line spacing, colour, etc. Note that the purpose of this encoding is to describe the original, rather than specify how it should be reproduced, although the two are obviously closely linked.

<styleDefDecl scheme="css"
 schemeVersion="2.1"/>
<!-- ... -->
<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="center">text-align: center;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="small">font-size: small;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="large">font-size: large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="x-large">font-size: x-large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="xx-large">font-size: xx-large</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="expanded">letter-spacing: +3pt;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="x-space">line-height: 150%;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="xx-space">line-height: 200%;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="red">color: red;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

⚓︎

The global rendition attribute can now be used to specify on any element which of the above rendition features apply to it. For example, a title page might be encoded as follows:

<titlePage>
 <docTitle rendition="#center #x-space">
  <titlePart>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-large">THE POEMS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#small">OF</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #xx-large">ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#large #xx-space">IN SIX VOLUMES</hi>
  </titlePart>
  <titlePart rendition="#xx-space">
   <lb/> VOLUME I.
  <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #x-large">POEMS AND BALLADS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-space">FIRST SERIES</hi>
  </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docImprint rendition="#center">
  <lb/>
  <pubPlace rendition="#xx-space">LONDON</pubPlace>
  <lb/>
  <publisher rendition="#red #expanded">CHATTO &amp; WINDUS</publisher>
  <lb/>
  <docDate when="1904" rendition="#small">1904</docDate>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

bibliography ⚓︎

When CSS is used as the style definition language, the scope attribute may be used to specify CSS pseudo-elements. These pseudo-elements are used to specify styling applicable to only a portion of the given text. For example, the first-letter pseudo-element defines styling to be applied to the first letter in the targeted element, while the before and after pseudo-elements can be used often in conjunction with the "content" property to add additional characters which need to be added before or after the element content to make it more closely resemble the appearance of the source.

For example, assuming that a text has been encoded using the q element to enclose passages in quotation marks, but the quotation marks themselves have been routinely omitted from the encoding, a set of renditions such as the following:

<rendition xml:id="quoteBefore"
 scheme="css" scope="before">content:
'“';</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="quoteAfter" scheme="css"
 scope="after">content:
'”';</rendition>

⚓︎

might be used to predefine pseudo-elements quoteBefore and quoteAfter. Where a q element is actually rendered in the source with initial and final quotation marks, it may then be encoded as follows:

<q rendition="#quoteBefore #quoteAfter">Four score and seven years
ago...</q>

⚓︎

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TEI: Tag Usage⚓︎2.3.4.2. Tag Usage

As noted above, each namespace element, if present, should contain up to one occurrence of a tagUsage element for each element type from the given namespace that occurs within the outermost text element associated with the teiHeader in which it appears.⁷ The tagUsage element may be used to supply a count of the number of occurrences of this element within the text, which is given as the value of its occurs attribute. It may also be used to hold any additional usage information, which is supplied as running prose within the element itself.

For example:

<tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28"> Used only to mark English words italicised in the copy text.
</tagUsage>

⚓︎

This indicates that the hi element appears a total of 28 times in the text element in question, and that the encoder has used it to mark italicised English words only.

The withId attribute may optionally be used to specify how many of the occurrences of the element in question bear a value for the global xml:id attribute, as in the following example:

<tagUsage gi="pb" occurs="321" withId="321"> Marks page beginnings in the York
(1734) edition only </tagUsage>

⚓︎

This indicates that the pb element occurs 321 times, on each of which an identifier is provided.

The content of the tagUsage element is not susceptible of automatic processing. It should not therefore be used to hold information for which provision is already made by other components of the encoding description. A TEI-conformant document is not required to provide any tagUsage elements or occurs attributes, but if it does, then the counts provided must correspond with the number of such elements present in the associated text.

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TEI: The Default Style Definition Language Declaration⚓︎2.3.5. The Default Style Definition Language Declaration

The content of the rendition element, the value of its selector attribute, and the value of the style attribute are expressed using one of a small number of formally defined style definition languages. For ease of processing, it is strongly recommended to use a single such language throughout an encoding project, although the TEI system permits a mixture.

The element styleDefDecl, a sibling of the tagsDecl element, is used to supply the name of the default style definition language. The name is supplied as the value of the scheme attribute and may take any of the following values:

free

Informal free text description

css

Cascading Stylesheet Language

xslfo

Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects

other

A user-defined formal description language

. The schemeVersion attribute may be used to supply the precise version of the style definition language used, and the content of this element, if any, may supply additional information.

When the style attribute is used, its value must always be expressed using whichever default style definition language is in force. If more than one occurrence of the styleDefDecl is provided, there will be more than one default available, and the decls attribute must be used to select which is applicable in a given context, as discussed in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

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TEI: The Reference System Declaration⚓︎2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration

The refsDecl element is used to document the way in which any standard referencing scheme built into the encoding works.

refsDecl (references declaration) specifies how canonical references are constructed for this text.

It may contain either a series of prose paragraphs or the following specialized elements:

citeStructure (citation structure) declares a structure and method for citing the current document.

cRefPattern (canonical reference pattern) specifies an expression and replacement pattern for transforming a canonical reference into a URI.

refState (reference state) specifies one component of a canonical reference defined by the milestone method.

att.patternReplacement provides attributes for regular-expression matching and replacement.

matchPattern | specifies a regular expression against which the values of other attributes can be matched.
replacementPattern | specifies a ‘replacement pattern’, that is, the skeleton of a relative or absolute URI containing references to groups in the matchPattern which, once subpattern substitution has been performed, complete the URI.

att.citeStructurePart provides attributes for selecting particular elements within a document.

use
(use) supplies an XPath selection pattern using the syntax defined in Kay (ed.) (2017). The XPath pattern is relative to the context given in match, which will either be a sibling attribute in the case of <citeStructure> or on the parent <citeStructure> in the case of <citeData>.

Note that not all possible referencing schemes are equally easily supported by current software systems. A choice must be made between the convenience of the encoder and the likely efficiency of the particular software applications envisaged, in this context as in many others. For a more detailed discussion of referencing systems supported by these Guidelines, see section 3.11. Reference Systems below.

A referencing scheme may be described in one of four ways using this element:

as a prose description

as nested set of citation structure declarations

as a series of pairs of regular expressions and XPaths

as a concatenation of sequentially organized milestones

Each method is described in more detail below. Only one method can be used within a single refsDecl element.

More than one refsDecl element can be included in the header if more than one canonical reference scheme is to be used in the same document, but the current proposals do not check for mutual inconsistency.

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TEI: Prose Method⚓︎2.3.6.1. Prose Method

The referencing scheme may be specified within the refsDecl by a simple prose description. Such a description should indicate which elements carry identifying information, and whether this information is represented as attribute values or as content. Any special rules about how the information is to be interpreted when reading or generating a reference string should also be specified here. Such a prose description cannot be processed automatically, and this method of specifying the structure of a canonical reference system is therefore not recommended for automatic processing.

For example:

<refsDecl>
 <p>The <att>n</att> attribute of each text in this corpus carries a
   unique identifying code for the whole text. The title of the text is
   held as the content of the first <gi>head</gi> element within each
   text. The <att>n</att> attribute on each <gi>div1</gi> and
 <gi>div2</gi> contains the canonical reference for each such
   division, in the form 'XX.yyy', where XX is the book number in Roman
   numerals, and yyy the section number in arabic. Line beginnings are
   marked by empty <gi>lb</gi> elements, each of which includes the
   through line number in Casaubon's edition as the value of its
 <gi>n</gi> attribute.</p>
 <p>The through line number and the text identifier uniquely identify
   any line. A canonical reference may be made up by concatenating the
 <gi>n</gi> values from the <gi>text</gi>, <gi>div1</gi>, or
 <gi>div2</gi> and calculating the line number within each part.</p>
</refsDecl>

⚓︎

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TEI: Search-and-Replace Method⚓︎2.3.6.2. Search-and-Replace Method

This method often requires a significant investment of effort initially, but permits extremely flexible addressing. For details, see section 17.2.5. Canonical References.

cRefPattern (canonical reference pattern) specifies an expression and replacement pattern for transforming a canonical reference into a URI.

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TEI: Milestone Method⚓︎2.3.6.3. Milestone Method

This method is appropriate when only ‘milestone’ tags (see section 3.11.3. Milestone Elements) are available to provide the required referencing information. It does not provide any abilities which cannot be mimicked by the search-and-replace referencing method discussed in the previous section, but in the cases where it applies, it provides a somewhat simpler notation.

A reference based on milestone tags concatenates the values specified by one or more such tags. Since each tag marks the point at which a value changes, it may be regarded as specifying the refState of a variable. A reference declaration using this method therefore specifies the individual components of the canonical reference as a sequence of refState elements:

refState (reference state) specifies one component of a canonical reference defined by the milestone method.

delim | (delimiter) supplies a delimiting string following the reference component.
length | specifies the fixed length of the reference component.

att.milestoneUnit provides attributes to indicate the type of section which is changing at a specific milestone.

unit
provides a conventional name for the kind of section changing at this milestone. Suggested values include: 1] page; 2] column; 3] line; 4] book; 5] poem; 6] canto; 7] speaker; 8] stanza; 9] act; 10] scene; 11] section; 12] absent; 13] unnumbered

For example, the reference ‘Matthew 12:34’ might be thought of as representing the state of three variables: the book variable is in state ‘Matthew’; the chapter variable is in state ‘12’, and the verse variable is in state ‘34’. If milestone tagging has been used, there should be a tag marking the point in the text at which each of the above ‘variables’ changes its state.⁸ To find ‘Matthew 12:34’ therefore an application must scan left to right through the text, monitoring changes in the state of each of these three variables as it does so. When all three are simultaneously in the required state, the desired point will have been reached. There may of course be several such points.

The delim and length attributes are used to specify components of a canonical reference using this method in exactly the same way as for the stepwise method described in the preceding section. The other attributes are used to determine which instances of milestone tags in the text are to be checked for state-changes. A state-change is signalled whenever a new milestone tag is found with unit and, optionally, ed attributes identical to those of the refState element in question. The value for the new state may be given explicitly by the n attribute on the milestone element, or it may be implied, if the n attribute is not specified.

For example, for canonical references in the form xx.yyy where the xx represents the page number in the first edition, and yyy the line number within this page, a reference system declaration such as the following would be appropriate:

<refsDecl>
 <refState ed="first" unit="page" length="2"
  delim="."/>
 <refState ed="first" unit="line" length="3"/>
</refsDecl>

bibliography ⚓︎

This implies that milestone tags of the form

<milestone n="II" ed="first" unit="page"/>
<milestone ed="first" unit="line"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

will be found throughout the text, marking the positions at which page and line numbers change. Note that no value has been specified for the n attribute on the second milestone tag above; this implies that its value at each state change is monotonically increased. For more detail on the use of milestone tags, see section 3.11.3. Milestone Elements.

The milestone referencing scheme, though conceptually simple, is not supported by a generic XML parser. Its use places a correspondingly greater burden of verification and accuracy on the encoder.

A reference system declaration which applies to more than one text or division of a text need not be repeated in the header of each such text. Instead, the decls attribute of each text (or subdivision of the text) to which the declaration applies may be used to supply a cross-reference to it, as further described in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

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TEI: The Classification Declaration⚓︎2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

The classDecl element is used to group together definitions or sources for any descriptive classification schemes used by other parts of the header or elsewhere in the document. Each such scheme is represented by a taxonomy element, which may contain either a simple bibliographic citation, or a definition of the descriptive typology concerned; the following elements are used in defining a descriptive classification scheme:

classDecl (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text.

taxonomy (taxonomy) defines a typology either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured taxonomy.

category (category) contains an individual descriptive category, possibly nested within a superordinate category, within a user-defined taxonomy.

catDesc (category description) describes some category within a taxonomy or text typology, either in the form of a brief prose description or in terms of the situational parameters used by the TEI formal textDesc.

The taxonomy element has two slightly different, but related, functions. For well-recognized and documented public classification schemes, such as Dewey or other published descriptive thesauri, it contains simply a bibliographic citation indicating where a full description of a particular taxonomy may be found.

<taxonomy xml:id="DDC12">
 <bibl>
  <title>Dewey Decimal Classification</title>
  <edition>Abridged Edition 12</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

⚓︎

For less easily accessible schemes, the taxonomy element contains a description of the taxonomy itself as well as an optional bibliographic citation. The description consists of a number of category elements, each defining a single category within the given typology. The category is defined by the contents of a nested catDesc element, which may contain either a phrase describing the category, or any number of elements from the model.catDescPart class. When the corpus module is included in a schema, this class provides the textDesc element whose components allow the definition of a text type in terms of a set of ‘situational parameters’ (see further section 16.2.1. The Text Description; if the corpus module is not included in a schema, this class is empty and the catDesc element may contain only plain text.

If the category is subdivided, each subdivision is represented by a nested category element, having the same structure. Categories may be nested to an arbitrary depth in order to reflect the hierarchical structure of the taxonomy. Each category element bears a unique xml:id attribute, which is used as the target for catRef elements referring to it.

<taxonomy xml:id="b">
 <bibl>Brown Corpus</bibl>
 <category xml:id="b.a">
  <catDesc>Press Reportage</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="b.a1">
   <catDesc>Daily</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a2">
   <catDesc>Sunday</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a3">
   <catDesc>National</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a4">
   <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a5">
   <catDesc>Political</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a6">
   <catDesc>Sports</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="b.d">
  <catDesc>Religion</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="b.d1">
   <catDesc>Books</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.d2">
   <catDesc>Periodicals and tracts</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

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Linkage between a particular text and a category within such a taxonomy is made by means of the catRef element within the textClass element, as described in section 2.4.3. The Text Classification. Where finer-grained analysis is desired, the ana attribute on an element in the text could point to a category, as in the following abbreviated example:

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="poe">
  <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="sonn">
   <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="shakesSonn">
    <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="petraSonn">
    <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="met">
   <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="ft">
    <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="iamb">
     <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="troch">
     <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="ftNm">
    <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="penta">
     <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="tetra">
     <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iamb #penta">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

Where the taxonomy permits of classification along more than one dimension, more than one category will be referenced by a particular catRef, as in the following example, which identifies a text with the sub-categories ‘Daily’, ‘National’, and ‘Political’ within the category ‘Press Reportage’ as defined above.

<catRef target="#b.a1 #b.a3 #b.a5"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

A single category may contain more than one catDesc child, when for example the category is described in more than one language, as in the following example:

<category xml:id="lit">
 <catDesc xml:lang="pl">literatura piękna</catDesc>
 <catDesc xml:lang="en">fiction</catDesc>
 <category xml:id="litProza">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">proza</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">prose</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="litPoezja">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">poezja</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">poetry</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="litDramat">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">dramat</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">drama</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

⚓︎

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TEI: The Geographic Coordinates Declaration⚓︎2.3.8. The Geographic Coordinates Declaration

The following element is provided to indicate (within the header of a document, or in an external location) that a particular coordinate notation, or a particular datum, has been employed in a text. The default notation is a string containing two real numbers separated by whitespace, of which the first indicates latitude and the second longitude according to the 1984 World Geodetic System (WGS84).

geoDecl (geographic coordinates declaration) documents the notation and the datum used for geographic coordinates expressed as content of the geo element elsewhere within the document.

datum
supplies a commonly used code name for the datum employed. Suggested values include: 1] WGS84 (World Geodetic System); 2] MGRS (Military Grid Reference System); 3] OSGB36 (ordnance survey great britain); 4] ED50 (European Datum coordinate system)

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TEI: The Unit Declaration⚓︎2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

When documents feature units of measurement that are not listed in the International System of Units, the unitDecl element may be used in the encoding description to provide definitions and information about their origins and equivalents.

unitDecl (unit declarations) provides information about units of measurement that are not members of the International System of Units.

The unitDecl contains one or more unitDef child elements that serve to describe units of measure which may be marked in unit elements within the text.

unitDef (unit definition) contains descriptive information related to a specific unit of measurement.

unit contains a symbol, a word or a phrase referring to a unit of measurement in any kind of formal or informal system.

conversion defines how to calculate one unit of measure in terms of another.

fromUnit | indicates a source unit of measure that is to be converted into another unit indicated in toUnit.
toUnit | the target unit of measurement for a conversion from a source unit referenced in fromUnit.
from [att.datable.w3c] | indicates the starting point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
to [att.datable.w3c] | indicates the ending point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
notBefore [att.datable.w3c] | specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
notAfter [att.datable.w3c] | specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
when [att.datable.w3c] | supplies the value of the date or time in a standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

att.formula provides attributes for defining a mathematical formula.

formula
A formula is provided to describe a mathematical calculation such as a conversion between measurement systems.

att.locatable provides attributes for referencing locations by pointing to entries in a canonical list of places.

where
indicates one or more locations by pointing to a place element or other canonical description.

Within the unitDef, a conversion element may be used to store information relating to conversion between units. The conversion element holds a special pair of attributes, fromUnit and toUnit, which serve to indicate the direction of a calculation from one unit of measure (stored in fromUnit) to another (stored in toUnit). A mathematical calculation to define the relation between these units may be stored in formula, as shown in the following examples. The formula attribute takes a value expressed as an XPath expression, for which see Robie et al. (eds.) (2017). Among other things, this means that division must be expressed with ‘div’ as opposed to the more common forward slash (‘/’, U+002F), so as not to be confused with path navigation. The conversion element may also use attributes to store dates and date ranges as well as location(s) that specify when and where a conversion formula was applied.

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="keel" type="weight">
   <label>keel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 20" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 16" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Keel was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 20 chalders from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 16 chalders from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="chalder" type="weight">
   <label>chalder</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 32" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 36" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Chalder was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 32 bushels from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 36 bushels from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="bushel" type="weight">
   <label>bushel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <desc>Bushel was a unit measuring weight of coal.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

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<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="Celsius"
   type="temperature">
   <label>Celsius or Centigrade scale</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#Fahrenheit"
    toUnit="#Celsius" formula="($fromUnit - 32) * (5 div 9)"/>
   <desc>To convert from the Fahrenheit to the Celsius scale, subtract 32 from the Celsius temperature and multiply by 5/9.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

bibliography ⚓︎

<unitDef type="volume" xml:id="shunbul">
 <label xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</label>
 <label xml:lang="ar">شنبل</label>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1873"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.25"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1878"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 3"
  from="1891" fromUnit="#shunbul" to="1910"
  toUnit="#kile" where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile_istanbul" when="1860"
  where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 72"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#madd" when="1893"
  where="#damascus"/>
 <desc xml:lang="en">The <foreign xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</foreign> was the main unit to measure grain in the Northern parts of Greater Syria.</desc>
</unitDef>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: The Schema Specification⚓︎2.3.10. The Schema Specification

The schemaSpec element contains a schema specification. When this element appears inside encodingDesc, it allows embedding of a TEI ODD customization file inside a TEI header; alternatively, this element may be used in the body of an ODD document. The use of ODD files, and their relationship to schemas, is described in detail in 23. Documentation Elements.

A schemaSpec element contains all the information needed to generate schemas for a particular TEI customization, and the ODD documentation elements, by reference to the TEI, are more succinct than the schemas derived from them. Therefore you may find it convenient to make a copy of the schemaSpec from your project's ODD document inside the teiHeader itself, in addition to supplying an external schema and/or ODD file; if the XML file becomes separated from its schema, the schema can be regenerated at any time using the information in the schemaSpec element. For example:

<encodingDesc>
<!-- Other encoding description elements... -->
 <schemaSpec ident="myTEICustomization"
  docLang="en" prefix="tei_" xml:lang="en" source="#NONE">
  <moduleRef key="core"/>
  <moduleRef key="tei"/>
  <moduleRef key="header"/>
  <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 </schemaSpec>
</encodingDesc>

bibliography ⚓︎

Alternatively, it is possible to point to an external ODD customization file or schema through use of the schemaRef element. More than one schemaRef element may be provided for different sources, stages in a workflow, or formats.

<schemaRef type="interchangeODD"
 url="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/odd/tei_lite.odd"/>
<schemaRef type="interchangeRNG"
 url="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/odd/tei_lite.rng"/>
<schemaRef type="projectODD"
 url="file:///schema/project.odd"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

The url attribute may be any form of URI pointer including a private URI syntax documented by a prefixDef.

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TEI: The Application Information Element⚓︎2.3.11. The Application Information Element

It is sometimes convenient to store information relating to the processing of an encoded resource within its header. Typical uses for such information might be:

to allow an application to discover that it has previously opened or edited a file, and what version of itself was used to do that;

to show (through a date) which application last edited the file to allow for diagnosis of any problems that might have been caused by that application;

to allow users to discover information about an application used to edit the file

to allow the application to declare an interest in elements of the file which it has edited, so that other applications or human editors may be more wary of making changes to those sections of the file.

The class model.applicationLike provides an element, application, which may be used to record such information within the appInfo element.

appInfo (application information) records information about an application which has edited the TEI file.

application provides information about an application which has acted upon the document.

ident | supplies an identifier for the application, independent of its version number or display name.
version | supplies a version number for the application, independent of its identifier or display name.

Each application element identifies the current state of one software application with regard to the current file. This element is a member of the att.datable class, which provides a variety of attributes for associating this state with a date and time, or a temporal range. The ident and version attributes should be used to uniquely identify the application and its major version number (for example, ImageMarkupTool 1.5). It is not intended that an application should add a new application each time it touches the file.

The following example shows how these elements might be used to document the fact that version 1.5 of an application called ‘Image Markup Tool’ has an interest in two parts of a document which was last saved on June 6 2006. The parts concerned are accessible at the URLs given as target for the two ptr elements.

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>Image Markup Tool</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

⚓︎

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TEI: Module-Specific Declarations⚓︎2.3.12. Module-Specific Declarations

The elements discussed so far are available to any schema. When the schema in use includes some of the more specialized TEI modules, these make available other more module-specific components of the encoding description. These are discussed fully in the documentation for the module in question, but are also noted briefly here for convenience.

The fsdDecl element is available only when the iso-fs module is included in a schema. Its purpose is to document the feature system declaration (as defined in chapter 19.11. Feature System Declaration) underlying any analytic feature structures (as defined in chapter 19. Feature Structures) present in the text documented by this header.

The metDecl element is available only when the verse module is included in a schema. Its purpose is to document any metrical notation scheme used in the text, as further discussed in section 6.4. Rhyme and Metrical Analysis. It consists either of a prose description or a series of metSym elements.

The variantEncoding element is available only when the textcrit module is included in a schema. Its purpose is to document the method used to encode textual variants in the text, as discussed in section 13.2. Linking the Apparatus to the Text.

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TEI: The Profile Description⚓︎2.4. The Profile Description

The profileDesc element is the third major subdivision of the TEI header. It is an optional element, the purpose of which is to enable information characterizing various descriptive aspects of a text or a corpus to be recorded within a single unified framework.

profileDesc (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting.

In principle, almost any component of the header might be of importance as a means of characterizing a text. The author of a written text, its title or its date of publication, may all be regarded as characterizing it at least as strongly as any of the parameters discussed in this section. The rule of thumb applied has been to exclude from discussion here most of the information which generally forms part of a standard bibliographic style description, if only because such information has already been included elsewhere in the TEI header.

The profileDesc element contains elements taken from the model.profileDescPart class. The default members of this class are the following :

abstract contains a summary or formal abstract prefixed to an existing source document by the encoder.

creation (creation) contains information about the creation of a text.

langUsage (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text.

textClass (text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc.

correspDesc (correspondence description) contains a description of the actions related to one act of correspondence.

calendarDesc (calendar description) contains a description of the calendar system used in any dating expression found in the text.

These elements are further described in the remainder of this section.

When the corpus module described in chapter 16. Language Corpora is included in a schema, three further elements become available within the profileDesc element:

textDesc (text description) provides a description of a text in terms of its situational parameters.

particDesc (participation description) describes the identifiable speakers, voices, or other participants in any kind of text or other persons named or otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata.

settingDesc (setting description) describes the setting or settings within which a language interaction takes place, or other places otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata.

For descriptions of these elements, see section 16.2. Contextual Information.

When the transcr module for the transcription of primary sources described in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources is included in a schema, the following elements become available within the profileDesc element:

handNotes contains one or more handNote elements documenting the different hands identified within the source texts.

listTranspose supplies a list of transpositions, each of which is indicated at some point in a document typically by means of metamarks.

For a description of the handNotes element, see section 12.3.2.1. Document Hands. Its purpose is to group together a number of handNote elements, each of which describes a different hand or equivalent identified within a manuscript. The handNote element can also appear within a structured manuscript description, when the msdescription module described in chapter 11. Manuscript Description is included in a schema. For this reason, the handNote element is actually declared within the header module, but is only accessible to a schema when one or other of the transcr or msdescription modules is included in a schema. See further the discussion at 12.3.2.1. Document Hands.

The listTranspose element is discussed in detail in section 12.3.4.5. Transpositions.

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TEI: Creation⚓︎2.4.1. Creation

The creation element contains phrases describing the origin of the text, e.g. the date and place of its composition.

creation (creation) contains information about the creation of a text.

The date and place of composition are often of particular importance for studies of linguistic variation; since such information cannot be inferred with confidence from the bibliographic description of the copy text, the creation element may be used to provide a consistent location for this information:

<creation>
 <date when="1992-08">August 1992</date>
 <rs type="city">Taos, New Mexico</rs>
</creation>

⚓︎

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TEI: Language Usage⚓︎2.4.2. Language Usage

The langUsage element is used within the profileDesc element to describe the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text. It contains one or more language elements, each of which provides information about a single language, notably the quantity of that language present in the text. Note that this element should not be used to supply information about any non-standard characters or glyphs used by this language; such information should be recorded in the charDecl element in the encoding description (see further 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes).

langUsage (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text.

language (language) characterizes a single language or sublanguage used within a text.

usage | specifies the approximate percentage of the text which uses this language.
ident | (identifier) Supplies a language code constructed as defined in BCP 47 which is used to identify the language documented by this element, and which may be referenced by the global xml:lang attribute.

A language element may be supplied for each different language used in a document. If used, its ident attribute should specify an appropriate language identifier, as further discussed in section vi.1. Language Identification. This is particularly important if extended language identifiers have been used as the value of xml:lang attributes elsewhere in the document.

Here is an example of the use of this element:

<langUsage>
 <language ident="fr-CA" usage="60">Québecois</language>
 <language ident="en-CA" usage="20">Canadian business English</language>
 <language ident="en-GB" usage="20">British English</language>
</langUsage>

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TEI: The Text Classification⚓︎2.4.3. The Text Classification

The textClass element is used to classify a text in some way.

textClass (text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc.

Text classification may be carried out according to one or more of the following methods:

by reference to a recognized international classification such as the Dewey Decimal Classification, the Universal Decimal Classification, the Colon Classification, the Library of Congress Classification, or any other system widely used in library and documentation work

by providing a set of keywords, as provided for example by British Library or Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data

by referencing any other taxonomy of text categories recognized in the field concerned, or peculiar to the material in hand; this may include one based on recurring sets of values for the situational parameters defined in section 16.2.1. The Text Description, or the demographic elements described in section 16.2.2. The Participant Description

The last of these may be particularly important for dealing with existing corpora or collections, both as a means of avoiding the expense or inconvenience of reclassification and as a means of documenting the organizing principles of such materials.

The following elements are provided for this purpose:

keywords (keywords) contains a list of keywords or phrases identifying the topic or nature of a text.

scheme
identifies the controlled vocabulary within which the set of keywords concerned is defined, for example by a taxonomy element, or by some other resource.

classCode (classification code) contains the classification code used for this text in some standard classification system.

scheme
identifies the classification system in use, as defined by, e.g. a taxonomy element, or some other resource.

catRef (category reference) specifies one or more defined categories within some taxonomy or text typology.

The keywords element simply categorizes an individual text by supplying a list of keywords which may describe its topic or subject matter, its form, date, etc. In some schemes, the order of items in the list is significant, for example, from major topic to minor; in others, the list has an organized substructure of its own. No recommendations are made here as to which method is to be preferred. Wherever possible, such keywords should be taken from a recognized source, such as the British Library/Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data in the case of printed books, or a published thesaurus appropriate to the field.

The scheme attribute is used to indicate the source of the keywords used, in the case where such a source exists. If the keywords are taken from an externally defined authority which is available online, this attribute should point directly to it, as in the following examples:

<keywords scheme="http://classificationweb.net">
 <term>Babbage, Charles</term>
 <term>Mathematicians - Great Britain - Biography</term>
</keywords>

⚓︎

<keywords scheme="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/about.html#lcsh">
 <term>English literature -- History and criticism -- Data processing.</term>
 <term>English literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.</term>
 <term>English language -- Style -- Data processing.</term>
 <term>Style, Literary -- Data processing.</term>
</keywords>

⚓︎

If the authority file is not available online, but is generally recognized and commonly cited, a bibliographic description for it should be supplied within the taxonomy element described in section 2.3.7. The Classification Declaration; the scheme attribute may then reference that taxonomy element by means of its identifier in the usual way:

<keywords scheme="#welch">
 <term>ceremonials</term>
 <term>fairs</term>
 <term>street life</term>
</keywords>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="welch">
 <bibl>
  <title>Notes on London Municipal Literature, and a Suggested
     Scheme for Its Classification</title>
  <author>Charles Welch</author>
  <edition>1895</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

⚓︎

If no authority file exists, perhaps because the keywords used were assigned directly by an author, the scheme attribute should be omitted.

Alternatively, if the keyword vocabulary itself is locally defined, the scheme attribute will point to the local definition, which will typically be held in a taxonomy element within the classDecl part of the encoding description (see section 2.3.7. The Classification Declaration).

The classCode element also categorizes an individual text, by supplying a numerical or other code rather than descriptive terms. Such codes constitute a recognized classification scheme, such as the Dewey Decimal Classification. On this element, the scheme attribute is required; it indicates the source of the classification scheme in the same way as for keywords: this may be a pointer of any kind, either to a TEI element, possibly in the current document, as in the keywords examples above, or to some canonical source for the scheme, as in the following example:

<classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org/udcsummary/php/index.php">005.756</classCode>

⚓︎

The catRef element categorizes an individual text by pointing to one or more category elements using the target attribute, which it inherits from the att.pointing class. The category element (which is fully described in section 2.3.7. The Classification Declaration) holds information about a particular classification or category within a given taxonomy. Each such category must have a unique identifier, which may be supplied as the value of the target attribute for catRef elements which are regarded as falling within the category indicated.

A text may, of course, fall into more than one category, in which case more than one identifier may be supplied as the value for the target attribute on the catRef element, as in the following example:

<catRef target="#b.a4 #b.d2"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

The scheme attribute may be supplied to specify the taxonomy to which the categories identified by the target attribute belong, if this is not adequately conveyed by the resource pointed to. For example,

<catRef target="#b.a4 #b.d2"
 scheme="http://www.example.com/browncorpus"/>
<catRef target="http://www.example.com/SUC/#A45"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Here the same text has been classified as of categories b.a4 and b.d2 within the Brown classification scheme (presumed to be available from http://www.example.com/browncorpus), and as of category ‘A45’ within the SUC classification scheme documented at the URL given.

In general, it is a matter of style whether to use a single catRef with multiple identifiers in the value of target or multiple catRef elements, each with a single identifier in the value of target. However, note that maintenance of a TEI document with a large number of values within a single target can be cumbersome.

The distinction between the catRef and classCode elements is that the values used as identifying codes are exhaustively enumerated for the former, typically within the TEI header. In the latter case, however, the values use any externally-defined scheme, and therefore may be taken from a more open-ended descriptive classification system.

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TEI: Abstracts⚓︎2.4.4. Abstracts

The main purpose of the abstract element is to supply a brief resume or abstract for an article which was originally published without such a component. An abstract or summary forming part of the document at its creation should usually appear in the front matter (front) of the document.

<profileDesc>
 <abstract>
  <p>This paper is a draft studying
     various aspects of using the TEI
     as a reference serialization framework
     for LMF. Comments are welcome to bring
     this to a useful document for the
     community.
  </p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

⚓︎

Abstracts may be provided in multiple languages, distinguished by the xml:lang attribute:

<profileDesc>
 <abstract xml:lang="en">
  <p>The recent archaeological emphasis
     on the study of settlement patterns,
     landscape and palaeoenvironments has
     shaped and re-shaped our understanding
     of the Viking settlement of Iceland.
     This paper reviews the developments
     in Icelandic archaeology, examining
     both theoretical and practical advances.
     Particular attention is paid to new
     ideas in terms of settlement patterns
     and resource exploitation. Finally,
     some of the key studies of the ecological
     consequences of the Norse
  <foreign xml:lang="is">landnám</foreign>
     are presented. </p>
 </abstract>
 <abstract xml:lang="fr">
  <p>L’accent récent des
     recherches archéologiques sur l’étude des
     configurations spatiales des colonies, de la
     géographie des sites ainsi que des éléments
     paléo-environnementaux nous mène à réexaminer
     et réévaluer nos connaissances acquises sur
     la colonisation de l’Islande par les Vikings.
     Cet article passe en revue le développement
     de l’archéologie islandaise en examinant les
     progrès théoriques et pratiques en la matière.
     Une attention particulière est portée sur
     l’étude des configurations spatiales des
     colonies ainsi qu’une considération des
     questions d’exploitation des ressources.
     Finalement, l’article présente un aperçu des
     études principales qui traitent des
     conséquences écologiques du
  <foreign xml:lang="is">landnám</foreign>
     islandais.</p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

⚓︎

The same element may be used to provide other summary information supplied by the encoder, perhaps grouped together into a list of discrete items:

<profileDesc>
 <abstract>
  <list>
   <item>An annual HBC supply ship is
       set to the North West Coast for mid-September.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> writes
       to ascertain the British Government's plans
       for the lands associated with the Oregon Treaty;
       he wants to know what will happen to the HBC's
       establishment on the southern <name type="place"
     key="vancouver_island">Vancouver Island</name>.
       He adds that a former Crown grant, an 1838 exclusive
       trade-grant for the lands in question, has yet to
       expire.</item>
   <item>The minutes discuss the nature of the HBC's
       original entitlements and question whether or not,
       and in what capacity, the Oregon Treaty affects the
       HBC's position. The majority council further
       investigation, and to reply cautiously and
       judiciously to the HBC inquiry.</item>
   <item>A
       summary of a meeting with <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> is offered in
       order to elucidate the HBC's intentions.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="grey_hg">Lord Grey</name> calls
       for greater consideration on the issue of
       colonization; he asks that <name key="stephen_j">Stephen</name> write the Company,
       asking them to detail their intentions, and to
       state their legal opinion for entitlement.
   </item>
  </list>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: Calendar Description⚓︎2.4.5. Calendar Description

The calendarDesc element is used within the profileDesc element to document objects referenced by means of either the calendar attribute on date or the datingMethod attribute on any member of the att.datable class.

calendarDesc (calendar description) contains a description of the calendar system used in any dating expression found in the text.

This element may contain one or more calendar elements:

calendar (calendar) describes a calendar or dating system used in a dating formula in the text.

Each such element contains one or more paragraphs of description for the calendar system concerned, and also supplies an identifying code for it as the value of its xml:id attribute. A calendar element may also have a type (and subtype) attribute in order to categorize the calendar in any convenient way. In the following example, type is used to differentiate real calendar systems in actual use from those used in a fictional environment.

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="Gregorian" type="actual">
  <p>Gregorian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="Stardate"
  type="fictional">
  <p>Fictional Stardate (from Star Trek series)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="BP" type="actual">
  <p>Calendar years before present (measured from 1950)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

⚓︎

This identifying code may then be referenced from any element supplying a date expressed using that calendar system:

<p>Captain's log <date calendar="#stardate">stardate 23.9 rounded off
   to the nearest decimal point</date>...</p>

⚓︎

See 14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars for details of the usage of dating attributes in conjunction with calendar elements in the teiHeader.

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TEI: Correspondence Description⚓︎2.4.6. Correspondence Description

The correspDesc element is used within the profileDesc element to provide detailed correspondence-specific metadata, concerning in particular the communicative aspects (sending, receiving, forwarding etc.) associated with an act of correspondence.

This information is complementary to the detailed descriptions of physical objects (such as letters) associated with correspondence acts, which are typically provided by the sourceDesc element.

correspDesc (correspondence description) contains a description of the actions related to one act of correspondence.

The correspDesc element contains the elements correspAction and correspContext, describing the actions identified and the context in which the correspondence occurs respectively.

correspAction (correspondence action) contains a structured description of the place, the name of a person/organization and the date related to the sending/receiving of a message or any other action related to the correspondence.

type
describes the nature of the action. Suggested values include: 1] sent; 2] received; 3] transmitted; 4] redirected; 5] forwarded

correspContext (correspondence context) provides references to preceding or following correspondence related to this piece of correspondence.

Acts of correspondence typically do not occur in isolation from each other. The correspContext element is used to group references relevant to the item of correspondence being described, typically to other items such as the item to which it is a reply, or the item which replies to it:

<correspContext>
 <ref type="prev" target="#CLF0102">Previous letter of <persName>Chamisso</persName> to <persName>de La
     Foye</persName>: <date when="1807-01-16">16 January 1807</date>
 </ref>
 <ref type="next" target="#CLF0104">Next letter of <persName>Chamisso</persName> to <persName>de La Foye</persName>:
 <date when="1810-05-07">07 May 1810</date>
 </ref>
</correspContext>

⚓︎

Many types of correspondence actions may be distinguished. The type attribute should be used to indicate the type of action being documented, using values such as those suggested above.

The following simple example uses correspAction to describe the sending of a letter by Adelbert von Chamisso from Vertus on 29 January 1807 to Louis de La Foye at Caen. The date of reception is unknown:

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>Adelbert von Chamisso</persName>
 <placeName>Vertus</placeName>
 <date when="1807-01-29"/>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received">
 <persName>Louis de La Foye</persName>
 <placeName>Caen</placeName>
 <date>unknown</date>
</correspAction>

⚓︎

Note the use of the when attribute described in 3.6.4. Dates and Times to provide a normalized form of the date. The content of the date element may be omitted, since no underlying source is being transcribed.

Several senders, recipients, etc. can be specified for a single correspAction if the action is considered to apply to them all acting as a single group. In the following example, two people are considered to have received the piece of correspondence.

<correspAction type="received">
 <persName>Hermann Hesse</persName>
 <persName>Ninon Hesse</persName>
 <placeName>Montagnola</placeName>
</correspAction>

⚓︎

The subtype attribute may be used to further distinguish types of action. In the following example, an e-mail is sent to two people directly and to a third by ‘carbon copy’ (cc).

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>PN0001</persName>
 <date when="1999-06-02"/>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="to">
 <persName>PN0002</persName>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="to">
 <persName>PN0003</persName>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="cc">
 <persName>PN0004</persName>
</correspAction>

⚓︎

The same person may be associated with several actions. For example, it will often be the case that the author and sender of a message are identical, and that many individual letters will need to be associated with the same person. The sameAs attribute defined in section 17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies may be used to indicate that the same name applies to many actions. Its value will usually be the identifier of an element defining the person or name concerned, which is supplied elsewhere in the document.

<correspAction type="sent">
 <name sameAs="#author"/>
</correspAction>

bibliography ⚓︎

It is assumed that each correspondence action applies to a single act of communication. However, it may be the case that the same physical object is involved in several such acts, if for example person A sends a letter to person B, who then annotates it and sends it on to person C, or if persons A and B both use the same document to convey quite different messages. In such situations, multiple correspDesc elements should be supplied, one for each communication. In the following example, the same document contains distinct messages, sent by two different people to the same destination: correspDesc is used for each separately:

<correspDesc xml:id="message1">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>John Gneisenau Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName xml:id="JTH">Julius Temple House</persName>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>
<correspDesc xml:id="message2">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Enid Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName sameAs="#JTH"/>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: Non-TEI Metadata⚓︎2.5. Non-TEI Metadata

Projects often maintain metadata about their TEI documents in more than one form or system. For example, a project may have a database of bibliographic information on the set of documents they intend to encode. From this database, both a MARC record and a teiHeader are generated. The document is then encoded, during which process additional information is added to the teiHeader manually. Then, when the document is published on the web, a Dublin Core record is generated for discoverability of the resource. It is sometimes advantageous to store some or all of the non-TEI metadata in the TEI file.

Such non-TEI data may be placed anywhere within a TEI file (other than as the root element), as it does not affect TEI conformance. However, it is easier for humans to manage these kinds of data if they are grouped together in a single location. In addition, such grouping makes it easy to avoid accidentally flagging non-TEI data as errors during validation of the file against a TEI schema. The xenoData element, which may appear in the TEI header after the fileDesc but before the optional revisionDesc, is provided for this purpose. Where the use of xenoData is primarily to store linked data, contextual information, or stand-off annotations that refer to the contents of the TEI file itself, the xenoData element may be placed inside the standOff element instead.

xenoData (non-TEI metadata) provides a container element into which metadata in non-TEI formats may be placed.

The xenoData element may contain anything except TEI elements. It may contain one or more elements from outside the TEI⁹ or data in some non-XML text format.¹⁰

In the following example, the prefix rdf is bound to the namespace http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#, the prefix dc is bound to the namespace http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/, and the prefix cc is bound to the namespace http://web.resource.org/cc/.

<xenoData
   xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/"
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
 <rdf:RDF>
  <cc:Work rdf:about="">
   <dc:title>Applied Software Project Management - review</dc:title>
   <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text"/>
   <dc:license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/"/>
  </cc:Work>
  <cc:License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Reproduction"/>
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Distribution"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Notice"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Attribution"/>
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/DerivativeWorks"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/ShareAlike"/>
  </cc:License>
 </rdf:RDF>
</xenoData>

⚓︎

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TEI: The Revision Description⚓︎2.6. The Revision Description

The final sub-element of the TEI header, the revisionDesc element, provides a detailed change log in which each change made to a text may be recorded. Its use is optional but highly recommended. It provides essential information for the administration of large numbers of files which are being updated, corrected, or otherwise modified as well as extremely useful documentation for files being passed from researcher to researcher or system to system. Without change logs, it is easy to confuse different versions of a file, or to remain unaware of small but important changes made in the file by some earlier link in the chain of distribution. No significant change should be made in any TEI-conformant file without corresponding entries being made in the change log.

revisionDesc (revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file.

listChange groups a number of change descriptions associated with either the creation of a source text or the revision of an encoded text.

change (change) documents a change or set of changes made during the production of a source document, or during the revision of an electronic file.

The main purpose of the revision description is to record changes in the text to which a header is prefixed. However, it is recommended TEI practice to include entries also for significant changes in the header itself (other than the revision description itself, of course). At the very least, an entry should be supplied indicating the date of creation of the header.

The log consists of a list of entries, one for each change. Changes may be grouped and organised using either the listChange element described in section 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions or the simple list element described in section 3.8. Lists. Alternatively, a simple sequence of change elements may be given. The attributes when and who may be supplied for each change element to indicate its date and the person responsible for it respectively. The description of the change itself can range from a simple phrase to a series of paragraphs. If a number is to be associated with one or more changes (for example, a revision number), the global n attribute may be used to indicate it.

It is recommended to give changes in reverse chronological order, most recent first.

For example:

<!-- ... --><revisionDesc>
 <change n="RCS:1.39" when="2007-08-08"
  who="#jwernimo.lrv">Changed <val>drama.verse</val>
  <gi>lg</gi>s to <gi>p</gi>s. <note>we have opened a discussion about the need for a new
     value for <att>type</att> of <gi>lg</gi>, <val>drama.free.verse</val>, in order to address
     the verse of Behn which is not in regular iambic pentameter. For the time being these
     instances are marked with a comment note until we are able to fully consider the best way
     to encode these instances.</note>
 </change>
 <change n="RCS:1.33" when="2007-06-28"
  who="#pcaton.xzc">Added <att>key</att> and <att>reg</att>
   to <gi>name</gi>s.</change>
 <change n="RCS:1.31" when="2006-12-04"
  who="#wgui.ner">Completed renovation. Validated.</change>
</revisionDesc>

⚓︎

In the above example, the who attributes point to respStmt elements which have been included earlier in the titleStmt of the same header:

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Amorous Prince, or, the Curious Husband, 1671</title>
 <author>
  <persName ref="#abehn.aeh">Behn, Aphra</persName>
 </author>
 <respStmt xml:id="pcaton.xzc">
  <persName>Caton, Paul</persName>
  <resp>electronic publication editor</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="wgui.ner">
  <persName>Gui, Weihsin</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="jwernimo.lrv">
  <persName>Wernimont, Jacqueline</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

⚓︎

There is however no requirement that the respStmt be used for this person, or that the elements indicated be contained within the same document. A project might for example maintain a separate document listing all of its personnel in which they were represented using the person element described in 16.2.2. The Participant Description.

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TEI: Minimal and Recommended Headers⚓︎2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

The TEI header allows for the provision of a very large amount of information concerning the text itself, its source, its encodings, and revisions of it, as well as a wealth of descriptive information such as the languages it uses and the situation(s) in which it was produced, together with the setting and identity of participants within it. This diversity and richness reflects the diversity of uses to which it is envisaged that electronic texts conforming to these Guidelines will be put. It is emphatically not intended that all of the elements described above should be present in every TEI header.

The amount of encoding in a header will depend both on the nature and the intended use of the text. At one extreme, an encoder may expect that the header will be needed only to provide a bibliographic identification of the text adequate to local needs. At the other, wishing to ensure that their texts can be used for the widest range of applications, encoders will want to document as explicitly as possible both bibliographic and descriptive information, in such a way that no prior or ancillary knowledge about the text is needed in order to process it. The header in such a case will be very full, approximating to the kind of documentation often supplied in the form of a manual. Most texts will lie somewhere between these extremes; textual corpora in particular will tend more to the latter extreme. In the remainder of this section we demonstrate first the minimal, and next a commonly recommended, level of encoding for the bibliographic information held by the TEI header.

Supplying only the minimal level of encoding required, the TEI header of a single text might look like the following example:

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

⚓︎

The only mandatory component of the TEI header is the fileDesc element. Within this, titleStmt, publicationStmt, and sourceDesc are all required constituents. Within the title statement, a title is required, and an author should be specified, even if it is unknown, as should some additional statement of responsibility, here given by the respStmt element. Within the publicationStmt, a publisher, distributor, or other agency responsible for the file must be specified. Finally, the source description should contain at the least a loosely structured bibliographic citation identifying the source of the electronic text if (as is usually the case) there is one.

We now present the same example header, expanded to include additionally recommended information, adequate to most bibliographic purposes, in particular to allow for the creation of an AACR2-conformant bibliographic record. We have also added information about the encoding principles used in this (imaginary) encoding, about the text itself (in the form of Library of Congress subject headings), and about the revision of the file.

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

⚓︎

Many other examples of recommended usage for the elements discussed in this chapter are provided here, in the reference index and in the associated tutorials.

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TEI: Note for Library Cataloguers⚓︎2.8. Note for Library Cataloguers

A strong motivation in preparing the material in this chapter was to provide in the TEI header a viable chief source of information for cataloguing computer files. The TEI header is not a library catalogue record, and so will not make all of the distinctions essential in standard library work. It also includes much information generally excluded from standard bibliographic descriptions. It is the intention of the developers, however, to ensure that the information required for a catalogue record be retrievable from the TEI file header, and moreover that the mapping from the one to the other be as simple and straightforward as possible. Where the correspondence is not obvious, it may prove useful to consult one of the works which were influential in developing the content of the TEI header. These include:

ISBD

ISBD: International Standard Bibliographic Description is an international standard setting out what information should be recorded in a description of a bibliographical item. Until a consolidated edition published in 2011, there was a general standard called ISBD(G) and separate ISBDs covering different types of material, e.g. ISBD(M) for monographs, ISBD(ER) for electronic resources. These separate ISBDs follow the same general scheme as the main ISBD(G), but provide appropriate interpretations for the specific materials under consideration.

AACR2

The Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (second edition) were published in 1978, with revisions appearing periodically through 2005. AACR2 provides guidelines for the construction of catalogues in general libraries in the English-speaking world. AACR2 is explicitly based on the general framework of the ISBD(G) and the subsidiary ISBDs: it gives a description of how to describe bibliographic items and how to create access points such as subject or name headings and uniform titles. Other national cataloguing codes exist as well, including the Z44 series of standards from issued by the Association française de normalisation (AFNOR), Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken (RAK-WB), Regole italiane di catalogazione per autore (RICA), and Система стандартов по информации, библиотечному и издательскому делу. Библиографическая запись. Библиографическое описание. Общие требования и правила составления (ГОСТ 7.1).

ANSI Z39.29

The American National Standard for Bibliographic References was an American national standard governing bibliographic references for use in bibliographies, end-of-work lists, references in abstracting and indexing publications, and outputs from computerized bibliographic data bases. A revised version is maintained by the National Information Standards Organization (NISO). The related ISO standard is ISO 690. Other relevant national standards include BS 5605:1990, BS 6371:1983, DIN 1505-2, and ГОСТ 7.0.5.

Since the TEI file description elements are based on the ISBD areas, it should be possible to use the content of file description as the basis for a catalog record for a TEI document. However, cataloguers should be aware that the permissive nature of the TEI Guidelines may lead to divergences between practice in using the TEI file description and the comparatively strict recommendations of AACR2 and other national cataloguing codes. Such divergences as the following may preclude automatic generation of catalogue records from TEI headers:

The TEI Guidelines do not require that text be transcribed from the ‘chief source of information’ using normalized capitalization and punctuation .

The TEI title statement may not categorize constituent titles in the same way as prescribed by a national cataloguing code.

The TEI title statement contains authors, editors, and other responsible parties in separate elements, with names which may not have been normalized; it does not necessarily contain a single statement of responsibility .

There is no specific place in a TEI header to specify the main entry or added entries (name or title headings under which a catalogue record is filed) for the catalogue record.

The TEI header does not require use of a particular vocabulary for subject headings nor require the use of subject headings.

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TEI: The TEI Header Module⚓︎2.9. The TEI Header Module

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module header: The TEI header

Elements defined: abstract appInfo application authority availability biblFull cRefPattern calendar calendarDesc catDesc catRef category change citeData citeStructure classCode classDecl conversion correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc creation distributor edition editionStmt editorialDecl encodingDesc extent fileDesc funder geoDecl handNote hyphenation idno interpretation keywords langUsage language licence listChange listPrefixDef namespace normalization notesStmt prefixDef principal profileDesc projectDesc publicationStmt punctuation quotation refState refsDecl rendition revisionDesc samplingDecl schemaRef scriptNote segmentation seriesStmt sourceDesc sponsor stdVals styleDefDecl tagUsage tagsDecl taxonomy teiHeader textClass titleStmt unitDecl unitDef xenoData

Classes defined: att.citeStructurePart att.patternReplacement

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

5

For more information on this highly influential family of standards, first proposed in 1969 by the International Federation of Library Associations, see http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/isbd.htm. On the relation between the TEI proposals and other standards for bibliographic description, see further section 2.8. Note for Library Cataloguers.

6

Agencies compiling catalogues of machine-readable files are recommended to use available authority lists, such as the Library of Congress Name Authority List, for all common personal names.

7

In the case of a TEI corpus (16. Language Corpora), a tagsDecl in a corpus header will describe tag usage across the whole corpus, while one in an individual text header will describe tag usage for the individual text concerned.

8

On the milestone tag itself, what are here referred to as ‘variables’ are identified by the combination of the ed and unit attributes.

9

As is always the case when mixing elements from different namespaces in an XML document, the namespace of these non-TEI elements must be declared either on the elements themselves or on an ancestor element.

10

As is always the case when using text inside an XML document, certain characters cannot occur in their normal form, and must be ‘escaped’. The most common of these are LESS-THAN SIGN (‘<’, U+003C) and AMPERSAND (‘&’, U+0026), which may be escaped with &lt; and &amp; respectively. See Character References.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Table of contents

3.1. Paragraphs

3.2. Treatment of Punctuation

3.3. Highlighting and Quotation

3.4. Terms and Glosses, Ruby Annotations, and Equivalents and Descriptions

3.5. Simple Editorial Changes

3.6. Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

3.8. Lists

3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing

3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components

3.11. Reference Systems

3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References

3.13. Passages of Verse or Drama

3.14. Overview of the Core Module

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This chapter describes elements which may appear in any kind of text and the tags used to mark them in all TEI documents. Most of these elements are freely floating phrases, which can appear at any point within the textual structure, although they should generally be contained by a higher-level element of some kind (such as a paragraph). A few of the elements described in this chapter (for example, bibliographic citations and lists) have a comparatively well-defined internal structure, but most of them have no consistent inner structure of their own. In the general case, they contain only a few words, and are often identifiable in a conventionally printed text by the use of typographic conventions such as shifts of font, use of quotation or other punctuation marks, or other changes in layout.

This chapter begins by describing the p tag used to mark paragraphs, the prototypical formal unit for running text in many TEI modules. This is followed, in section 3.2. Treatment of Punctuation, by a discussion of some specific problems associated with the interpretation of conventional punctuation, and the methods proposed by these Guidelines for resolving ambiguities therein.

The next section (section 3.3. Highlighting and Quotation) describes a number of phrase-level elements commonly marked by typographic features (and thus well-represented in conventional markup languages). These include features commonly marked by font shifts (section 3.3.2. Emphasis, Foreign Words, and Unusual Language) and features commonly marked by quotation marks (section 3.3.3. Quotation) as well as such features as terms, cited words, and glosses (section 3.4. Terms and Glosses, Ruby Annotations, and Equivalents and Descriptions).

Section 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes introduces some phrase-level elements which may be used to record simple editorial interventions, such as emendation or correction of the encoded text. The elements described here constitute a simple subset of the full mechanisms for encoding such information (described in full in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources), which should be adequate to most commonly encountered situations.

The next section (section 3.6. Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses) describes several phrase-level and inter-level elements which, although often of interest for analysis or processing, are rarely explicitly identified in conventional printing. These include names (section 3.6.1. Referring Strings), numbers and measures (section 3.6.3. Numbers and Measures), dates and times (section 3.6.4. Dates and Times), abbreviations (section 3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions), and addresses (section 3.6.2. Addresses).

In the same way, the following section (section 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References) presents only a subset of the facilities available for the encoding of cross-references or text-linkage. The full story may be found in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment; the tags presented here are intended to be usable for a wide variety of simple applications.

Sections 3.8. Lists, and 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing, describe two kinds of quasi-structural elements: lists and notes. These may appear either within chunk-level elements such as paragraphs, or between them. Several kinds of lists are catered for, of an arbitrary complexity. The section on notes discusses both notes found in the source and simple mechanisms for adding annotations of an interpretive nature during the encoding; again, only a subset of the facilities described in full elsewhere (specifically, in chapter 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms) is discussed.

Section 3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components introduces some simple ways of representing graphic or other non-textual content found in a text. A fuller discussion of the multimedia facilities supported by these Guidelines may be found in chapters 15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music and 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.

Next, section 3.11. Reference Systems, describes methods of encoding within a text the conventional system or systems used when making references to the text. Some reference systems have attained canonical authority and should be recorded to make the text useable in normal work; in other cases, a convenient reference system should be created by the creator or analyst of an electronic text.

Like lists and notes, the bibliographic citations discussed in section 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References, may be regarded as structural elements in their own right. A range of possibilities is presented for the encoding of bibliographic citations or references, which may be treated as simple phrases within a running text, or as highly-structured components suitable for inclusion in a bibliographic database.

Additional elements for the encoding of passages of verse or drama (whether prose or verse) are discussed in section 3.13. Passages of Verse or Drama.

The chapter concludes with a technical overview of the structure and organization of the module described here. This should be read in conjunction with chapter 1. The TEI Infrastructure, describing the structure of the TEI document type definition.

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TEI: Paragraphs⚓︎3.1. Paragraphs

Paragraphs in modern printed or online text are typically visually offset with whitespace or an indented first line. But paragraphs are not simply blocks of text. The paragraph may be thought of as a mid-level unit of sense, a coherent grouping of sentences. Paragraphs may, in turn, be grouped into larger divisions, such as chapters. Because it is a unit of sense rather than simply a block of text, the p element in TEI may contain other structures displayed as blocks, such as lists or quotes. This distinguishes it from the p element in HTML, which is primarily a block of text, and from the ab (anonymous block) element described in 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors which may be used as an alternative to the paragraph in cases that require a chunk-level container which is not necessarily a sense unit and which may have different structural properties.

The paragraph can be understood in the context of the distinct forms of textual division discussed in 1.3.2.1. Informal Element Classifications : chunk, phrase, and inter-level. Chunk-level elements are paragraphs and other elements which have similar structural properties. Phrase-level elements must be entirely contained within a paragraph or other chunk-level structure. This type includes emphasized or quoted phrases, names, dates, etc. Inter-level elements can appear either within a paragraph or between paragraphs, and include bibliographic citations, notes, and lists. The ab (anonymous block) element is an alternative to p which is useful in cases where paragraphs are not present, but chunk-level organization is still needed. ab may contain other abs, may use the type attribute, and does not necessarily represent a coherent set of statements.

Paragraphs can contain many of the other elements described within this chapter, as well as other elements which are specific to individual text types. Because paragraphs may appear in different customizations, their possible contents may vary in different kinds of documents. In particular, additional elements not listed in this chapter may appear in paragraphs. However, the elements described in this chapter are available in all kinds of text unless they are excluded by a customization.

The paragraph is marked using the p element:

p (paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose.

If a consistent internal subdivision of paragraphs is desired, the s or seg (‘segment’) elements may be used, as discussed in chapters 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment and 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms respectively. More usually, however, paragraphs have no firm internal structure, but contain prose encoded as a mix of characters, entity references, phrases marked as described in the rest of this chapter, and embedded elements like lists, figures, or tables.

The following example demonstrates a basic application of the p tag for an indented passage in a printed book:

<body>
 <p>It is in vain to say human beings ought to be satisfied with tranquillity:
   they must have action; and they will make it if they cannot find it. Millions are
   condemned to a stiller doom than mine, and millions are in silent revolt against
   their lot. Nobody knows how many rebellions besides political rebellions ferment
   in the masses of life which people earth. Women are supposed to be very calm
   generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties,
   and a field for their efforts, as much as their brothers do; they suffer from
   too rigid a restraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer; and
   it is narrow-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to
   confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano
   and embroidering bags. It is thoughtless to condemn them, or laugh at them, if they
   seek to do more or learn more than custom has pronounced necessary for their sex.</p>
</body>

bibliography ⚓︎

This news story shows typically short journalistic paragraphs:

<dateline>SARAJEVO, Bosnia and Herzegovina, April 19</dateline>
<p>Serbs seized more territory in this struggling new country today as
the United States Air Force ended a two-day airlift of humanitarian
aid into the capital, Sarajevo.</p>
<p>International relief workers called on European Community nations
to step up their humanitarian aid to the former Yugoslav republic,
in conjunction with new American aid flights if necessary.</p>
<p>A special envoy from the European Community, Colin Doyle, harshly
condemned the decision by Serbs to shell Sarajevo on Saturday night
during a visit to the Bosnian capital by a senior American official,
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Ralph R. Johnson.</p>
<p>...</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

The following extract from a Russian fairy tale demonstrates how other phrase level elements (in this case q elements representing direct speech; see section 3.3.3. Quotation) may be nested within, but not across, paragraphs:

<p>A fly built a castle, a tall and mighty castle.
There came to the castle the Crawling Louse. <q>Who,
   who's in the castle? Who, who's in your house?</q>
said the Crawling Louse. <q>I, I, the Languishing Fly.
   And who art thou?</q>
 <q>I'm the Crawling Louse.</q>
</p>
<p>Then came to the castle the Leaping Flea. <q>Who,
   who's in the castle?</q> said the Leaping Flea. <q>I,
   I, the Languishing Fly, and I, the Crawling Louse. And
   who art thou?</q>
 <q>I'm the Leaping Flea.</q>
</p>
<p>Then came to the castle the Mischievous Mosquito.
<q>Who, who's in the castle?</q> said the Mischievous
Mosquito. <q>I, I, the Languishing Fly, and I, the
   Crawling Louse, and I, the Leaping Flea. And who art
   thou?</q>
 <q>I'm the Mischievous Mosquito.</q>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Treatment of Punctuation⚓︎3.2. Treatment of Punctuation

Punctuation marks cause two distinct classes of problem for text markup: the marks may not be available in the character set used, and they may be significantly ambiguous. To some extent, the availability of the Unicode character set addresses the first of these problems, since it provides specific code points for most punctuation marks, and also the second to the extent that it distinguishes glyphs (such as stop, comma, and hyphen) which are used with different functions. Where punctuation itself is the subject of study, the element pc (punctuation character) may be used to mark it explicitly, as further discussed in 18.1.2. Below the Word Level. Where the character used for a punctuation mark is not available in Unicode, the g element and other facilities described in chapter 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes may also be used to mark its presence.

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TEI: Functions of Punctuation⚓︎3.2.1. Functions of Punctuation

Punctuation is itself a form of markup, historically introduced to provide the reader with an indication about how the text should be read. As such, it is unsurprising that encoders will often wish to encode directly the purpose for which punctuation was provided, as well as, or even instead of, the punctuation itself. We discuss some typical cases below.

The Full stop (period) may mark (orthographic) sentence boundaries, abbreviations, decimal points, or serve as a visual aid in printing numbers. These usages can be distinguished by tagging S-units, abbreviations, and numbers, as described in sections 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors, 3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions, and 3.6.3. Numbers and Measures respectively. However, there are independent reasons for tagging these, whether or not they are marked by full stops, and the polysemy of the full stop itself is perhaps no different from that of any other character in the writing system.

The Question mark and exclamation mark usually mark the end of orthographic sentences, but may also be used as a mid-sentence comment by the author (! to express surprise or some other strong feeling, ? to query a word or expression or mark a sentence as dubious in linguistic discussion). Such usages may be distinguished by marking S-units, in which case the mid-sentence uses of these punctuation marks may be left unmarked, or tagged using the pc element discussed in 18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories.

Dashes are used for a variety of purposes: as a mark of omission, insertion, or interruption; to show where a new speaker takes over (in dialogue); or to introduce a list item. In the latter two cases particularly, it is clearly desirable to mark the function as well as its rendition using the elements q or item, on which see section 3.3.3. Quotation, and section 3.8. Lists, respectively.

Quotation marks may be removed from text contained by q or quote elements on editorial grounds, or they may be marked in a variety of ways; see the discussion of quotation and related features in section 3.3.3. Quotation.

Apostrophes should be distinguished from single quote marks. As with hyphens, this disambiguation is best performed by selecting the appropriate Unicode character, though it may also be represented by using appropriate XML markup for quotations as suggested above. However, apostrophes have a variety of uses. In English they mark contractions, genitive forms, and (occasionally) plural forms. Full disambiguation of these uses belongs to the level of linguistic analysis and interpretation.

Parentheses and other marks of suspension such as dashes or ellipses are often used to signal information about the syntactic structure of a text fragment. Full disambiguation of their uses also belongs to the level of linguistic analysis and interpretation, and will therefore need to use the mechanisms discussed in chapter 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms.

Where punctuation marks are disambiguated by tagging their assumed function in the text (for example, quotation), it may be debated whether they should be excluded or left as part of the text. In the case of quotation marks, it may be more convenient to distinguish opening from closing marks simply by using the appropriate Unicode character than to use the q element, with or without an indication of rendition.

Where segmentation of a text is performed automatically, the accuracy of the result may be considerably enhanced by a first pass in which the function of different punctuation characters is explicitly marked. This need not be done for all cases, but only where the structural function of the punctuation markup (for example as a word or phrase delimiter) is ambiguous. Thus, dots indicating abbreviation might be distinguished from dots indicating sentence end, and exclamation or question marks internal to a sentence distinguished from those which terminate one. Furthermore, when encoding historical materials, it may be considered essential to retain the original punctuation, whether by using an appropriate character code, if this is available (or using the g element where it is not) or by an explicit encoding using pc. The particular method adopted will vary depending upon the feature concerned and upon the purpose of the project.

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TEI: Hyphenation⚓︎3.2.2. Hyphenation

Hyphenation as a phenomenon is generally of most concern when producing formatted text for display in print or on screen: different languages and systems have developed quite sophisticated sets of rules about where hyphens may be introduced and for what reason. These generally do not concern the text encoder, since they belong to the domain of formatting and will generally be handled by the rendition software in use. In this section, we discuss issues arising from the appearance of hyphens in pre-existing formatted texts which are being re-encoded for analysis or other processing. Unicode distinguishes four characters visually similar to the hyphen, including the undifferentiated hyphen-minus (U+002D) which is retained for compatibility reasons. The hard hyphen (U+2010) is distinguished from the minus sign (U+2212) which is for use in mathematical expressions, and also from the soft hyphen (U+00AD) which may appear in ‘born digital’ documents to indicate places where it is acceptable to insert a hyphen when the document is formatted.

Historically, the hard hyphen has been used in printed or manuscript documents for two distinct purposes. In many languages, it is used between words to show that they function as a single syntactic or lexical unit. For example, in French, est-ce que; in English body-snatcher, tea-party etc. It may also have an important role in disambiguation (for example, by distinguishing say a man-eating fish from a man eating fish). Such usages, although possibly problematic when a linguistic analysis is undertaken, are not generally of concern to text encoders: the hyphen character is usually retained in the text, because it may be regarded as part of the way a compound or other lexical item is spelled. Deciding whether a compound is to be decomposed into its constituent parts, and if so how, is a different question, involving consideration of many other phenomena in addition to the simple presence of a hyphen.

When it appears at the end of a printed or written line however, the hard hyphen generally indicates that—contrary to what might be expected—a word is not yet complete, but continues on the next line (or over the next page or column or other boundary). The hyphen character is not, in this case, part of the word, but just a signal that the word continues over the break. Unfortunately, few languages distinguish these two cases visually, which necessarily poses a problem for text encoders. Suppose, for example, that we wish to investigate a diachronic English corpus for occurrences of tea-pot and teapot, to find evidence for the point at which this compound becomes lexicalized. Any case where the word is hyphenated across a line division, like this:

tea-
pot⚓

is ambiguous: there is no simple way of deciding which of the two spellings was intended.

As elsewhere, therefore, encoders have a range of choices:

They may decide simply to remove any end-of-line hyphenation from the encoded text, on the grounds that its presence is purely a secondary matter of formatting. This will obviously apply also if line endings are themselves regarded as unimportant.

Alternatively, they may decide to record the presence of the hyphen, perhaps on the grounds that it provides useful morphological information; perhaps in order to retain information about the visual appearance of the original source. In either case, they need to decide whether to record it explicitly, by including an appropriate punctuation character in the text data, or implicitly by supplying an appropriate symbolic value for one or more of the attributes on the lb or other milestone element used to record the fact of the line division. If the hyphen is included in the character data of the TEI document, it might be marked up using the pc (punctuation character) tag, which allows the encoder to express information about its function as a separator, through the force attribute. For example, the example above could be encoded with a force value of "inter" to indicate that the punctuation mark may or may not be a word separator (See also 18.1.2. Below the Word Level).

tea<pc force="inter">-</pc>pot

bibliography ⚓︎

A similar range of possibilities applies equally to the representation of other common punctuation marks, notably quotation marks, as discussed in 3.3.3. Quotation.

The ‘text data’ of which XML documents are composed is decomposable into smaller units, here called orthographic tokens, even if those units are not explicitly indicated by the XML markup. The ambiguity of the end-of-line hyphen also causes problems in the way a processor identifies such tokens in the absence of explicit markup. If token boundaries are not explicitly marked (for example using the seg or w elements), for most languages a processor will rely on character class information to determine where they are to be found: some punctuation characters are considered to be word-breaking, while others are not. In XML, the newline character in text data is a kind of whitespace, and is therefore word breaking. However, it is generally unsafe to assume that whitespace adjacent to markup tags will always be preserved, and it is decidedly unsafe to assume that markup tags themselves are equivalent to whitespace.

The lb, pb, and cb elements are notable exceptions to this general rule, since their function is precisely to represent (or replace) line, page, or column beginnings, which, as noted above, are generally considered to be equivalent to whitespace. These elements provide a more reliable way of preserving the lineation, pagination, etc. of a source document, since the encoder should not assume that (untagged) line beginnings etc. in an XML source file will necessarily be preserved.

To control the intended tokenization, the encoder may use the break attribute on such elements to indicate whether or not the element is to be regarded as equivalent to whitespace. This attribute can take the values yes or no to indicate whether or not the element corresponds with a token boundary. The value maybe is also available, for cases where the encoder does not wish (or is unable) to determine whether the orthographic token concerned is broken by the line ending.

As a final complication, it should be noted that in some languages, particularly German and Dutch, the spelling of a word may be altered in the presence of end of line hyphenation. For example, in Dutch, the word opaatje (granddad), occurring at the end of a line may be hyphenated as opa-tje, with a single letter a. An encoder wishing to preserve the original form of this orthographic token in a printed text while at the same time facilitating its recognition as the word opaatje will therefore need to rely on a more sophisticated process than simply removing the hyphen. This is however essentially the same as any other form of normalization accompanying the recognition of variations in spelling or morphology: as such it may be encoded using the choice element discussed in 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes, or the more sophisticated mechanisms for linguistic analysis discussed in chapter 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms.

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TEI: Highlighting and Quotation⚓︎3.3. Highlighting and Quotation

This section deals with a variety of textual features, all of which have in common that they are frequently realized in conventional printing practice by the use of such features as underlining, italic fonts, or quotation marks, collectively referred to here as highlighting. After an initial discussion of this phenomenon and alternate approaches to encoding it, this section describes ways of encoding the following textual features, all of which are conventionally rendered using some kind of highlighting:

emphasis, foreign words and other linguistically distinct uses of highlighting

representation of speech and thought, quotation, etc.

technical terms, glosses, etc.

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TEI: What Is Highlighting?⚓︎3.3.1. What Is Highlighting?

By highlighting we mean the use of any combination of typographic features (font, size, hue, etc.) in a printed or written text in order to distinguish some passage of a text from its surroundings.¹¹ The purpose of highlighting is generally to draw the reader's attention to some feature or characteristic of the passage highlighted; this section describes the elements recommended by these Guidelines for the encoding of such textual features.

In conventionally printed modern texts, highlighting is often employed to identify words or phrases which are regarded as being one or more of the following:

distinct in some way—as foreign, dialectal, archaic, technical, etc.

emphatic, and which would for example be stressed when spoken

not part of the body of the text, for example cross-references, titles, headings, labels, etc.

identified with a distinct narrative stream, for example an internal monologue or commentary.

attributed by the narrator to some other agency, either within the text or outside it: for example, direct speech or quotation.

set apart from the text in some other way: for example, proverbial phrases, words mentioned but not used, names of persons and places in older texts, editorial corrections or additions, etc.

The textual functions indicated by highlighting may not be rendered consistently in different parts of a text or in different texts. (For example, a foreign word may appear in italics if the surrounding text is in roman, but in roman if the surrounding text is in italics.) For this reason, these Guidelines distinguish between the encoding of rendering itself and the encoding of the underlying feature expressed by it.

Highlighting as such may be encoded by using one of the global attributes rend, rendition, or style (see further 1.3.1.1. Global Attributes). This allows the encoder both to specify the function of a highlighted phrase or word, by selecting the appropriate element described here or elsewhere in these Guidelines, and to further describe the way in which it is highlighted, by means of an attribute. If the encoder wishes to offer no interpretation of the feature underlying the use of highlighting in the source text, then the hi element may be used, which indicates only that the text so tagged was highlighted in some way.

hi (highlighted) marks a word or phrase as graphically distinct from the surrounding text, for reasons concerning which no claim is made.

The hi element is provided by the model.hiLike class.

The possible values carried by the rend attribute are not formally defined in this version of the Guidelines. It may be used to document any peculiarity of the way a given segment of text was rendered in the original source text, and may thus express a very large range of typographic or other features, by no means restricted to typeface, type size, etc. The style attribute, by contrast, defines the way the source text was rendered using a formally defined style language, such as the W3C standard Cascading Stylesheet Language (Lie and Bos (eds.) (1999)). The complementary rendition attribute is used to point to one or more fragments expressed using such a language which have been predefined in the TEI header using the rendition element discussed in section 2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration.

Where it is both appropriate and feasible, these Guidelines recommend that the textual feature marked by the highlighting should be encoded, rather than just the simple fact of the highlighting. This is for the following reasons:

the same kind of highlighting may be used for different purposes in different contexts

the same textual function may be highlighted in different ways in different contexts

for analytic purposes, it is in general more useful to know the intended function of a highlighted phrase than simply that it is distinct.

In many, if not most, cases the underlying function of a highlighted phrase will be obvious and non-controversial, since the distinctions indicated by a change of highlighting correspond with distinctions discussed elsewhere in these Guidelines. The elements available to record such distinctions are, for the most part, members of the model.emphLike class. This and the model.hiLike class mentioned above constitute the model.highlighted class, which is a phrase level class. Members of this class may appear anywhere within paragraph level elements.

The distinction between the two classes is simple, and typified by the two elements hi and emph: the former marks simply that a passage is typographically distinct in some way, while the latter asserts that a passage is linguistically emphasized for some purpose. These two properties, though often combined, are not identical. It should however be recognized, however, that cases do exist in which it is not economically feasible to mark the underlying function (e.g. in the preparation of large text corpora), as well as cases in which it is not intellectually appropriate (as in the transcription of some older materials, or in the preparation of material for the study of typographic practice). In such cases, the hi element or some other element from the model.hiLike class should be used.

Elements which are sometimes realized by typographic distinction but which are not discussed in this section include title (discussed in section 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References) and name (discussed in section 3.6.1. Referring Strings).

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TEI: Emphasis, Foreign Words, and Unusual Language⚓︎3.3.2. Emphasis, Foreign Words, and Unusual Language

This subsection discusses the following elements:

foreign (foreign) identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some language other than that of the surrounding text.

emph (emphasized) marks words or phrases which are stressed or emphasized for linguistic or rhetorical effect.

distinct identifies any word or phrase which is regarded as linguistically distinct, for example as archaic, technical, dialectal, non-preferred, etc., or as forming part of a sublanguage.

These elements are all members of the model.emphLike class.

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TEI: Foreign Words or Expressions⚓︎3.3.2.1. Foreign Words or Expressions

Words or phrases which are not in the main language of the text should be tagged as such, at least where the fact is indicated in the text. Where the word or phrase concerned is already distinguished from the rest of the text by virtue of its function (for example, because it is a name, a technical term, a quotation, a mentioned word, etc.) then the global xml:lang attribute should be used to specify additionally that its language distinguishes it from the surrounding text. Any element in the TEI scheme may take an xml:lang attribute, which specifies both the writing system and the language used by its content (see sections 1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators and vi.1. Language Identification for discussion of this attribute and its values respectively). Where there is no other applicable element, the element foreign may be used to provide a peg onto which the xml:lang may be attached.

<q>Aren't you confusing <foreign xml:lang="la">post hoc</foreign> with <foreign xml:lang="la">propter
   hoc</foreign>?</q> said the Bee Master.
<q>Wax-moth only succeed when
weak bees let them in.</q>

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The foreign element should not be used to represent foreign words which are mentioned or glossed within the text: for these use the appropriate element from section 3.4.1. Terms and Glosses below. Compare the following example sentences:

John eats a <foreign xml:lang="fr">croissant</foreign> every morning.

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<mentioned xml:lang="fr">Croissant</mentioned> is difficult to
pronounce with your mouth full.

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A <term xml:lang="fr">croissant</term> is a crescent-shaped
piece of light, buttery, pastry that is usually eaten for
breakfast, especially in France.

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Elements which do not explicitly state the language of their content by means of an xml:lang attribute are understood to inherit a value for it from their parent element. In the general case, therefore, it is recommended practice to supply a default value for xml:lang on the root TEI or text element, as further discussed in section 1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

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TEI: Emphatic Words and Phrases⚓︎3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

The emph element is provided to mark words or phrases which are linguistically emphatic or stressed. Text which is only typographically ‘emphasized’ falls into the class of highlighted text, and may be tagged with the hi element. In printed works, emphasis is generally indicated by devices such as the use of an italic font, a large typeface, or extra wide letter spacing; in manuscripts and typescripts, it is usually indicated by the use of underlining. As the following examples demonstrate, an encoder may choose whether or not to make explicit the particular type of rendition associated with the emphasis. If a source text consistently renders a particular feature (e.g. emphasis or words in foreign languages) in a particular way, the rendering associated with that feature may be described in the TEI header using the rendition element. The rend, rendition, or style attributes may then be used to describe examples which deviate from the norm. For example, assuming that the TEI header has defined a default rendering for the emph element, the following encoding would use it:

<q>Sex, sir, is <emph>purely</emph> a question
of appetite!</q> Tarr exclaimed.

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If on the other hand no such default has been defined for the element, the encoder may specify it informally using the rend attribute:

<q>What it all comes to is this,</q> he said.

<q>
 <emph rend="italic">What does Christopher Robin do in the morning
   nowadays?</emph>
</q>

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If the encoder wishes to express information about the rendition used in the source using a formal language such as CSS, then the style attribute can be used in a similar way:

<q>What it all comes to is this,</q> he said.

<q>
 <emph style="font-style: italic">What does Christopher Robin do in
   the morning nowadays?</emph>
</q>

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In cases where the rendition of a source needs to be indicated several times in a document, it may be more convenient to provide a default value using the rendition element in the header. If a small number of distinct values are required, it may also be convenient to define them all by means of a series of rendition elements which can then be referenced from the elements in question by means of the global rendition attribute:

<l>Here Thou, great <name rendition="#italic">Anna</name>!
whom three Realms obey,</l>
<l>Doth sometimes Counsel take —
and sometimes <emph rendition="#italic">Tea</emph>.</l>
<!-- in the header ... -->
<rendition xml:id="italic" scheme="css">font-style: italic</rendition>

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Further information on the use of the rendition element is provided at 2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration.

The hi element is used to mark words or phrases which are highlighted in some way, but for which identification of the intended distinction is difficult, controversial, or impossible. It enables an encoder simply to record the fact of highlighting, possibly describing it by the use of a rend, style, or rendition attribute, as discussed above, without however taking a position as to the function of the highlighting. This may also be useful if the text is to be processed in two stages: representing simply typographic distinctions during a first pass, and then replacing the hi elements with more specific elements in a second pass.

Some simple examples:

<hi rend="gothic">And this Indenture further witnesseth</hi>
that the said <hi rend="italic">Walter Shandy</hi>, merchant,
in consideration of the said intended marriage ...

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In this example, the first highlighted phrase uses black letter or gothic print to mimic the appearance of a legal document, and italic to mark Walter Shandy as a name. In a second pass, the elements head or label might be appropriate for the first use, and the element name for the second.

The heaviest rain, and snow, and hail, and
sleet, could boast of the advantage over him in only one respect. They
often <hi rend="quoted">came down</hi> handsomely, and Scrooge never
did.

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In this example, the phrase came down uses inverted commas to indicate a play on words.¹² In a second pass, the element soCalled might be preferred as a means of indicating that the narrator is distancing himself from this usage.

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TEI: Other Linguistically Distinct Material⚓︎3.3.2.3. Other Linguistically Distinct Material

For some kinds of analysis, it may be desirable to encode the linguistic distinctiveness of words and phrases with more delicacy than is allowed by the foreign element. The distinct element is provided for this purpose. Its attributes allow for additional information characterizing the nature of the linguistic distinction to be made in two distinct ways: the type attribute simply assigns a user-defined code of some kind to the word or phrase which assigns it to some register, sub-language, etc. No recommendations as to the set of values for this attribute are provided at this time, as little consensus exists in the field.

Alternatively, the remaining three attributes may be used in combination to place a word or phrase on a three-dimensional scale sometimes used in descriptive linguistics, as for example in Mattheier et al, 1988. The time attribute places a word or phrase diachronically, for example as archaic, old-fashioned, contemporary, futuristic, etc.; the space attribute places a word or phrase diatopically, that is, with respect to a geographical classification, for example as national, regional, international, etc.; the social attribute places a word or phrase diastratically, that is, with respect to a social classification, for example as technical, polite, impolite, restricted, etc. Again, no recommendations are made for the values of these attributes at this time; the encoder should provide a description of the scheme used in the appropriate section of the header (see section 2.3. The Encoding Description).

Examples:

Next morning a boy in that dormitory confided to his
bosom friend, a <distinct type="psSlang">fag</distinct> of
Macrea's, that there was trouble in their midst which
King <distinct type="archaic">would fain</distinct> keep
secret.

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Next morning a boy in that dormitory confided to his
bosom friend, a
<distinct time="1900" space="GB"
 social="publicschool">fag</distinct>
of Macrea's, that there was trouble in their midst which
King <distinct time="archaic">would fain</distinct> keep
secret.

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Where more complex (or more rigorous) interpretive analyses of the associations of a word are required, the more detailed and general mechanisms described in chapter 19. Feature Structures should be preferred to these simple characterizations. It may also be preferable to record the kinds of analysis suggested here by means of the simple annotation element note described in section 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing, or the span element described in section 18.3. Spans and Interpretations.

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TEI: Quotation⚓︎3.3.3. Quotation

One form of presentational variation found particularly frequently in written and printed texts is the use of quotation marks. As with the typographic variations discussed in the preceding section, it is generally helpful to separate the encoding of the underlying textual feature (for example, a quotation or a piece of direct speech) from the encoding of its rendering (for example, the use of a particular style of quotation marks).

This section discusses the following elements, all of which are often rendered by the use of quotation marks:

q (quoted) contains material which is distinguished from the surrounding text using quotation marks or a similar method, for any one of a variety of reasons including, but not limited to: direct speech or thought, technical terms or jargon, authorial distance, quotations from elsewhere, and passages that are mentioned but not used.

said (speech or thought) indicates passages thought or spoken aloud, whether explicitly indicated in the source or not, whether directly or indirectly reported, whether by real people or fictional characters.

direct | may be used to indicate whether the quoted matter is regarded as direct or indirect speech.
aloud | may be used to indicate whether the quoted matter is regarded as having been vocalized or signed.

quote (quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text.

att.global.source provides attributes used by elements to point to an external source.

source
specifies the source from which some aspect of this element is drawn.

cit (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example.

mentioned marks words or phrases mentioned, not used.

soCalled (so called) contains a word or phrase for which the author or narrator indicates a disclaiming of responsibility, for example by the use of scare quotes or italics.

The elements mentioned and soCalled are members of the class model.emphLike while q stems from model.hiLike; the element said is a member of the class model.attributable in its own right, while cit and quote are members of model.quoteLike, a subclass of model.attributable. This class is a subclass of model.inter; hence all of these elements are permitted both within and between paragraph-level elements.

The most common and important use of quotation marks is, of course, to mark quotation, by which we mean simply any part of the text which the author or narrator wishes to attribute to some agency other than the narrative voice. The q element may be used if no further distinction beyond this is judged necessary. If it is felt necessary to distinguish such passages further, for example to indicate whether they are regarded as speech, writing, or thought, either the type attribute or one of the more specialized elements discussed in this section may be used. For example, the element quote may be used for written passages cited from other works, or the element said for words or phrases represented as being spoken or thought by people or characters within the current work. The soCalled element is used for cases where the author or narrator distances him or herself from the words in question without however attributing them to any other voice in particular. The mentioned element is appropriate for a case where a word or phrase is being discussed in the body of a text rather than forming part of the text directly.

As noted above, if the distinction among these various reasons why a passage is offset from surrounding text cannot be made reliably, or is not of interest, then any representation of speech, thought, or writing may simply be marked using the q element.

Quotation may be indicated in a printed source by changes in type face, by special punctuation marks (single or double or angled quotes, dashes, etc.) and by layout (indented paragraphs, etc.), or it may not be explicitly represented at all. If these characteristics are of interest, one or other of the global rend or rendition attributes discussed in section 1.3.1.1. Global Attributes may be used to record them.

Quotation marks themselves may, like other punctuation marks, be felt for some purposes to be worth retaining within a text, quite independently of their description by the rend attribute. This should generally be done using the appropriate Unicode character, or, if this is not possible, a numeric character reference (see Character References). If the encoder decides both to retain the quotation marks and to represent their function by means of an explicit tag such as quote, the quotation marks should be included within the element, rather than outside it, as in the first example below:

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said>— Alors, Albert, quoi de neuf?</said>
<said>— Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said>— Il fait beau,</said> dit Robert.

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Alternatively, since this use of the leading mdash is very common typographic practice, it may be considered unnecessary to retain it in the encoding. Its presence in the source might instead be signalled using one of the attributes rend, style, or rendition. This kind of rendering might be predefined using a rendition element, which can then be referenced using the rendition attribute as follows:

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Alors,
Albert, quoi de neuf ?</said>
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Il fait beau,</said>
dit Robert.

<!-- ... within the header -->
<rendition xml:id="dashBefore"
 scope="before">content: '— '</rendition>
<!-- ... -->
<quotation marks="none"/>

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Whatever policy is adopted, the encoder should document the decision in some way, for example by using the quotation element provided in the TEI header (see 2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration) to indicate that quotation marks have not been retained in the encoding; their presence in the source is implied by the rendition attribute values supplied.

Whether or not the quotation marks are suppressed, their presence and nature may be described using some appropriate set of conventions in the rend attribute. These conventions may be entirely idiosyncratic, and hence not necessarily useful for interchange, as in the following example:

<said rend="pre(‘) post(’)">Who-e debel
you?</said> — he at last said —
<said rend="pre(‘) post(’)">you no speak-e,
damme, I kill-e.</said> And so saying,
the lighted tomahawk began flourishing
about me in the dark.

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Such passages might more effectively be encoded without loss of rendering information by using the rendition attribute and its associated rendition element as described in section 2.3.4.1. Rendition. If the rendition of passages tagged as said is generally uniform throughout a text, then the rendition element may used to specify a default rendering, in which case the same section might simply be tagged:

<said>Who-e debel
you?</said> — he at last said —
<said>you no speak-e,
damme, I kill-e.</said> And so saying,
the lighted tomahawk began flourishing
about me in the dark.

<!-- in the header: -->
<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition scheme="css" selector="said"
  scope="before">content:"‘";</rendition>
 <rendition scheme="css" selector="said"
  scope="after">content:"’";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

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As members of the att.ascribed.directed class, elements said and q share the following attributes:

att.ascribed provides attributes for elements representing speech or action that can be ascribed to a specific individual.

who
indicates the person, or group of people, to whom the element content is ascribed.

att.ascribed.directed provides attributes for elements representing speech or action that can be directed at a group or individual.

toWhom
indicates the person, or group of people, to whom a speech act or action is directed.

These may be used to make explicit who is speaking and who is being spoken to:

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said who="#Ado" toWhom="#Alb">— Alors, Albert, quoi de neuf?</said>
<said who="#Alb" toWhom="#Ado">— Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said who="#Rob">— Il fait beau,</said> dit Robert.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document -->
<standOff>
 <listPerson type="speakers">
  <person xml:id="Ado">
   <persName>Adolphe</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Alb">
   <persName>Albert</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Rob">
   <persName>Robert</persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

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The who attribute may be supplied whether or not an indication of the speaker is given explicitly in the text. Likewise, the toWhom attribute may be supplied to indicate the encoder's interpretation of the intended recipient of the speech. They may take the form (as above) of an abbreviated or normalized form of the speaker's name, but the role of these attributes is to act as a pointer to a location elsewhere in the text, or another document, where data about each party may be supplied. While these attributes could point to any source of information about the parties involved, the most appropriate place for such information is within the participant description component of the TEI header, as further discussed in 16.2.2. The Participant Description but for simple cases like the above, a simple list of speakers located in the front or back matter of the text may suffice.

It may also be useful to distinguish representations of speech from representations of thought, in modern printed texts often indicated by a change of typeface. The aloud attribute is provided for this purpose, as in this example:

<said aloud="true">Oh yes,</said> said Henry,
<said aloud="false">I mean
Gordon Macrae, for example…</said>
<said aloud="false">Jungian
Analyst with Winebox! That's what you called him, you callous bastard,
didn't you? Eh? Eh?</said>

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Quoted matter may be embedded within quoted matter, as when one speaker reports the speech of another:

<said who="#Wilson">Spaulding, he came down into the office just this day
eight weeks with this very paper in his hand, and he says:—
<said who="#WilsonSpaulding">I wish to the Lord, Mr. Wilson, that I was a
   red-headed man.</said>
</said>
<!-- ... -->
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="Wilson">Wilson</item>
 <item xml:id="WilsonSpaulding">Spaulding reported by Wilson</item>
<!-- ...-->
</list>

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Direct speech nested in this way is treated in the same way as elsewhere: a change of rendition may occur, but the same element should be used. An encoder may however choose to distinguish between direct speech which contains quotations from extra-textual matter and direct speech itself, as in the following example:

<p>
 <said>The Lord! The Lord! It is Sakya Muni himself,</said> the lama half
sobbed; and under his breath began the wonderful Buddhist
invocation:-<said>
  <quote>
   <l>To Him the Way — the Law — Apart —</l>
   <l>Whom Maya held beneath her heart</l>
   <l>Ananda's Lord — the Bodhisat</l>
  </quote>
   And He is here! The Most Excellent Law is here also. My
   pilgrimage is well begun. And what work! What work!</said>
</p>

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Quotations from other works are often accompanied by a reference to their source. The cit element may be used to group together the quotation and its associated bibliographic reference, which should be encoded using the elements for bibliographic references discussed in section 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References, as in the following example.

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

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Like other bibliographic references, the citation associated with a quotation may be represented simply by a cross-reference, as in this example:

Lexicography has shown little sign of being affected by the
work of followers of J.R. Firth, probably best summarized
in his slogan, <cit>
 <quote>You shall know a word by the company it keeps.</quote>
 <ref>(Firth, 1957)</ref>
</cit>

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It is also common for quotations to be separated from their bibliographic reference by intervening text, which makes the use of cit impractical. In such circumstances, the quotation can be linked to a bibliographical reference using source:

<bibl xml:id="tlk_36">Tolkien (1936)</bibl> tells us that
<quote source="#tlk_36">
 <title>Beowulf</title> is in fact so interesting as
poetry, in places poetry so powerful, that this quite
overshadows the historical content
</quote>.

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source could also be used to point to a complete external bibliographic reference in a listBibl elsewhere in the document, or external to it.

Unlike most of the other elements discussed in this chapter, direct speech and quotations may frequently contain other high-level elements such as paragraphs or verse lines, as well as being themselves contained by such elements. Three possible solutions exist for this well-known structural problem:

the quotation is broken into segments, each of which is entirely contained within a paragraph

the quotation is marked up using stand-off markup

the quotation boundaries are represented by empty segment boundary delimiter elements

For further discussion and several examples, see chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures.

Finally, in this section, the element soCalled is provided for all cases in which quotation marks are used to distance the quoted text from the narrator or speaker. Common examples include the ‘scare’ quotes often found in newspaper headlines and advertising copy, where the effect is to cast doubts on the veracity of an assertion:

<head>PM dodges <soCalled>election threat</soCalled> in interview</head>

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The same element should be used to mark a variety of special ironic usages. Some further examples follow:

He hated <soCalled>good</soCalled> books.

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<soCalled>Croissants</soCalled> indeed! toast not good enough for you?

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Although Chomsky's decision that all NL
sentences are finite objects was never justified by arguments from
the attested properties of NLs, it did have a certain
<soCalled>social</soCalled> justification. It was commonly assumed in
works on logic until fairly recently that the notion
<mentioned>language</mentioned> is necessarily restricted to finite
strings.

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TEI: Terms and Glosses, Ruby Annotations, and Equivalents and Descriptions⚓︎3.4. Terms and Glosses, Ruby Annotations, and Equivalents and Descriptions

This section describes a set of textual elements which are used to provide a gloss, alternate identification, or description of something.

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TEI: Terms and Glosses⚓︎3.4.1. Terms and Glosses

Technical terms are often italicized or emboldened upon first mention in printed texts; an explanation or gloss is sometimes given in quotation marks. Linguistic analyses conventionally cite words in languages under discussion in italics, providing a gloss immediately following marked with single quotation marks. Other texts in which individual words or phrases are mentioned (for example, as examples) rather than used may mark them either with italics or with quotation marks, and will gloss them less regularly.

term (term) contains a single-word, multi-word, or symbolic designation which is regarded as a technical term.

gloss (gloss) identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase.

These elements are also members of the class model.emphLike.

A term may appear with or without a gloss, as may a mentioned element. Where the gloss is present, it may be linked to the term it is glossing by means of its target attribute. To establish such a link, the encoder should give an xml:id value to the term or mentioned element and provide that value, prefixed by a sharp sign, as the value of the target attribute on the gloss element. For example:

We may define <term xml:id="TDPv" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term>
as
<gloss target="#TDPv">the relationship, expressed through discourse
structure, between the implied author or some other addresser,
and the fiction.</gloss>

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<gloss rend="unmarked" target="#PRSR">A computational device that infers
structure from grammatical strings of words</gloss> is known as a
<term xml:id="PRSR">parser</term>, and much of the history of NLP over the
last 20 years has been occupied with the design of parsers.

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In the absence of a gloss in the source text, a term can also be associated with a gloss or definition by means of its ref attribute, as in this imaginary example:

We discuss Leech's concept of <term ref="#TDPV2" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> below.

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Here, the value #TDPV2 references some other XML element in the same document. This might be, for example, an entry in a list of technical vocabulary given in the document header, or in an appendix. This attribute could also reference an entry in some centrally maintained terminological database, perhaps using one of the pointing mechanisms discussed in section 17.2. Pointing Mechanisms.

Note that the element term is intended for use with words or phrases identified as terminological in nature; where words or phrases are simply being cited, discussed, or glossed in a text, it will often be more appropriate to use the mentioned element, as in the following example:

There is thus a striking accentual difference between a verbal
form like <mentioned xml:id="cw234" xml:lang="grc">eluthemen</mentioned>
<gloss target="#cw234">we were released,</gloss> accented on the
second syllable of the word, and its participial derivative

<mentioned xml:id="cw235" xml:lang="grc">lutheis</mentioned>
<gloss target="#cw235">released,</gloss> accented on the last.

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For technical terminology in particular, and generally in terminological studies, it may be useful to associate an instance of a term within a text with a canonical definition for it, which is stored either elsewhere in the same text (for example in a glossary of terms) or externally, for example in a database, authority file, or published standard. The attributes key and ref discussed in section 3.6.1. Referring Strings below are available on the term element for this purpose.

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TEI: Some Further Examples⚓︎3.4.1.1. Some Further Examples

As a simple example of the elements discussed here and in 3.3. Highlighting and Quotation, consider the following sentence:

On the one hand the Nibelungenlied is associated with the new rise of romance of twelfth-century France, the romans d'antiquité, the romances of Chrétien de Troyes, and the German adaptations of these works by Heinrich van Veldeke, Hartmann von Aue, and Wolfram von Eschenbach.

A first approximation to the encoding of this sentence might be simply to record the fact that the phrases printed above in italics are highlighted, as follows:

On the one hand the <hi rend="italic">Nibelungenlied</hi> is
associated with the new rise of romance of twelfth-century France,
the <hi xml:lang="fr" rend="italic">romans d'antiquité</hi>,
the romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ...

bibliography ⚓︎

This encoding would, however, lose the important distinction between an italicized title and an italicized foreign phrase. Many other phrases might also be italicized in the text, and a retrieval program seeking to identify foreign terms (for example) would not be able to produce reliable results by simply looking for italicized words. Where economic and intellectual constraints permit, therefore, it would be preferable to encode both the function of the highlighted phrases and their appearance, as follows:

On the one hand the <title rend="italic">Nibelungenlied</title>
is associated with the new rise of romance of twelfth-century France,
the <foreign rend="italic">romans d'antiquité</foreign>, the
romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ...

bibliography ⚓︎

In this example, the decision as to which textual features are distinguished by the highlighting is relatively uncontroversial. As a less straightforward example, consider the use of italic font in the following passage:

A pretty common case, I believe; in all vehement debatings. She says I am too witty; Anglicé, too pert; I, that she is too wise; that is to say, being likewise put into English, not so young as she has been: in short, she is grown so much into a mother, that she had forgotten she ever was a daughter. ...

Clearly, the word vehement is not italicized for the same reason as the phrase not so young as she has been; the former is emphasized, while the latter is proverbial. It also provides an ironic gloss for the words too wise, in the same way as too pert glosses too witty. The glossed phrases are not, however, technical terms or cited words, but quoted phrases, as if the writer were putting words into her own and her mother's mouths. Finally, the words mother and daughter are apparently italicized simply to oppose them in the sentence; certainly they do not fit into any of the categories so far proposed as reasons for italicizing. Note also that the word Anglicé is not italicized although it is not generally considered an English word.

The following sample encoding for the above passage attempts to take into account all the above points:

A pretty common case, I believe; in all <emph>vehement</emph>
debatings. She says I am <q rend="italic">too witty</q>;
<foreign xml:lang="la" rend="roman">Anglicé</foreign>,
<gloss rend="italic">too pert</gloss>; I, that she is
<q rend="italic"> too wise</q>; that is to say, being likewise
put into English, <gloss rend="italic">not so young as she has
been</gloss>: in short, she is grown so much into a
<hi rend="italic">mother</hi>, that she had forgotten she ever
was a <hi rend="italic">daughter</hi>.

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Ruby Annotations⚓︎3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

The word ruby (or rubi) refers to a particular method of glossing runs of text which is common in East Asian scripts. In horizontally-oriented text, ruby annotations typically appear above the text being glossed, while in vertical runs of text they may appear to the left or right, or both, also oriented vertically. An English example of a ruby annotation might look like this:

In Japanese, furigana (振り仮名) ruby annotations are often used to provide pronunciation guidance for readers; characters from the largely phonetic hiragana or katakana syllabaries accompany Chinese characters, like this:

Figure 1. The first line of a news story from NHK News Web Easy intended for Japanese learners, in which every word composed of Chinese characters has a ruby gloss.

Pinyin ruby annotations are also used in Chinese to provide pronunciation guidance, and Zhuyin (注音) phonetic symbols (commonly known as bopomofo) are used in Taiwan for the same purpose.

The TEI schema provides many different ways of encoding glosses and annotations, from the simple and flexible note element to a native implementation of the Web Annotation Data Model (17.11. Annotations). However, ruby is a particular, distinct, and widely-used form of annotation that appears in script, print, calligraphy, and web pages, and the TEI therefore provides specific elements for it:

ruby (ruby container) contains a passage of base text along with its associated ruby gloss(es).

rb (ruby base) contains the base text annotated by a ruby gloss.

rt (ruby text) contains a ruby text, an annotation closely associated with a passage of the main text.

The rt element is a member of att.placement, and thus the place attribute may be used to indicate where the ruby gloss is with respect to the base text:

att.placement provides attributes for describing where on the source page or object a textual element appears.

place
specifies where this item is placed. Suggested values include: 1] top; 2] bottom; 3] margin; 4] opposite; 5] overleaf; 6] above; 7] right; 8] below; 9] left; 10] end; 11] inline; 12] inspace

The most relevant suggested values of place for ruby text are above, below, left, and right.

In its simplest representation, a glossed form consists of an rb (ruby base) element containing the base form, an rt (ruby text) element containing the gloss, and a ruby element which wraps them together:

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大学</rb>
  <rt place="above">だいがく</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

⚓︎

In the example above, the word 大学 (daigaku = university) is provided with a phonation gloss in hiragana. The full gloss is applied to the complete word. However, it might instead be broken down by character:

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大</rb>
  <rt place="above">だい</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>学</rb>
  <rt place="above">がく</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

⚓︎

Here is a similar example from Taiwan using bopomofo (pinyin píngzi = bottle)¹³:

<p xml:lang="zh-TW">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>瓶</rb>
  <rt place="right">ㄆㄧㄥˊ</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>子</rb>
  <rt place="right">˙ㄗ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

⚓︎

Where place is not provided, the default assumption is that the ruby gloss is above where the text is horizontal, and to the right of the text where it is vertical. See 5.6. Writing Modes for a detailed guide to writing modes and text directionality.

The same ruby base may be accompanied by more than one gloss. Here, the Japanese word 打球場 (dakyūba, or billiard hall) is glossed with two different pronunciations: ‘biriādo’ (its English equivalent) and ‘dakyū’, a phonation guide for the first two characters.

Figure 2. Billiard hall with two ruby glosses. 国文学研究資料館所蔵：：英国／龍動新繁昌記.

This example is intriguing in that the right-side ruby glosses apply to the first and second characters respectively, but the left-side gloss applies to the whole word as a unit. We use this instance to exemplify multiple approaches to encoding the same phenomena, which may be appropriate for different projects or editorial preferences. First, using the same segmentation approach as demonstrated for 大学 above, but with nesting:

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <ruby>
    <rb>打</rb>
    <rt place="right">ダ</rt>
   </ruby>
   <ruby>
    <rb>球</rb>
    <rt place="right">キウ</rt>
   </ruby>
     場
  </rb>
  <rt place="left">ビリヤード</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

⚓︎

We could also use a standoff approach with anchor elements and pointers:

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <anchor xml:id="da"/>打
  <anchor xml:id="kyuu"/>球
  <anchor xml:id="ba"/>場
  <anchor xml:id="owari"/>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" from="#da" to="#owari">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#da" to="#kyuu">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#kyuu" to="#ba">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

⚓︎

Alternatively, if the encoding itself already includes segmentation below the word level, we can use the existing elements instead of adding anchors:

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb xml:id="dakyuuba">
   <c xml:id="chr1">打</c>
   <c xml:id="chr2">球</c>
   <c>場</c>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" target="#dakyuuba">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr1">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr2">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

⚓︎

Multiple ruby annotations can appear in the same alignment relative to the main text. For example, there might be two annotations on the right. We use this instance to exemplify two ways of encoding this phenomenon, dependent on the interpretation of the text. We could use a parallel approach where a sequence of two rt elements, both with the same value for the place attribute, are assumed to appear in their document sequence. The first of the two rt elements would appear to the right of the ruby base (rb), while the second would appear to the right of the first rt element ¹⁴:

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>ㄅ</rb>
  <rt place="right">B</rt>
  <rt place="right">博</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

⚓︎

Alternatively, a nested approach can be used. With nested ruby elements, the structure suggests that the second rt element is glossing both the rb and the rt element:

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <ruby>
    <rb>ㄅ</rb>
    <rt place="right">B</rt>
   </ruby>
  </rb>
  <rt place="right">博</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

⚓︎

The rt element is a member of att.written:

att.written provides attributes to indicate the hand in which the content of an element was written in the source being transcribed.

hand
points to a handNote element describing the hand considered responsible for the content of the element concerned.

so the hand attribute can be used where the ruby text constitutes an annotation in a different hand from the ruby base:

Figure 3. Base text with a ruby gloss in a different hand. リクシ ソウモク チョウジュウ チュウギョ ソ ズカイ。 東京大学総合図書館 (General Library in the University of Tokyo, JAPAN).

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>蘝蔓</rb>
  <rt hand="#MoriOhgai" style="color: red;">ヤブカラシ</rt>
 </ruby>
于野

<!--...-->
</p>

⚓︎

The current support for ruby is rudimentary, and in future releases of the Guidelines we expect to see more development of these features and recommendations. While ruby is included for use with East Asian languages, encoders may find other contexts in which these elements are useful.

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TEI: Equivalents and Descriptions⚓︎3.4.3. Equivalents and Descriptions

Another group of elements is used to supply different kinds of names for objects described by the TEI. Examples of this are documentation of elements, attributes, classes (and also attribute values where appropriate), and description of glyphs.

altIdent (alternate identifier) supplies the recommended XML name for an element, class, attribute, etc. in some language.

desc (description) contains a short description of the purpose, function, or use of its parent element, or when the parent is a documentation element, describes or defines the object being documented.

equiv (equivalent) specifies a component which is considered equivalent to the parent element, either by co-reference, or by external link.

uri | (uniform resource identifier) references the underlying concept of which the parent is a representation by means of some external identifier.
filter | references an external script which contains a method to transform instances of this element to canonical TEI.
name | a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name (see https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#dt-name), naming the underlying concept of which the parent is a representation.
predicate [att.predicate] | the condition under which the element bearing this attribute applies, given as an XPath predicate expression.

Along with the gloss element mentioned above, these elements constitute the model.identSynonyms class. They are described in more detail in 23.4.1. Description of Components.

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TEI: Simple Editorial Changes⚓︎3.5. Simple Editorial Changes

As in editing a printed text, so in encoding a text in electronic form, it may be necessary to accommodate editorial comment on the text and to render account of any changes made to the text in preparing it. The tags described in this section may be used to record such editorial interventions, whether made by the encoder, by the editor of a printed edition used as a copy text, by earlier editors, or by the copyists of manuscripts.

The tags described here handle most common types of editorial intervention and stereotyped comment; where less structured commentary of other types is to be included, it may be marked using the note element described in section 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing. Systematic interpretive annotation is also possible using the various methods described in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. The examples given here illustrate only simple cases of editorial intervention; in particular, they permit economical encoding of a simple set of alternative readings of a short span of text. To encode multiple views of large or heterogeneous spans of text, the mechanisms described in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment should be used. To encode multiple witnesses of a particular text, a similar mechanism designed specifically for critical editions is described in chapter 13. Critical Apparatus.

For most of the elements discussed here, some encoders may wish to indicate both a responsibility, that is, a code indicating the person or agency responsible for making the editorial intervention in question, and also an indication of the degree of certainty which the encoder wishes to associate with the intervention. These requirements are served by the att.global.responsibility class, along with att.global.source and att.dimensions. Any of the elements discussed here thus may potentially carry any of the following optional attributes:

att.global.responsibility provides attributes indicating the agent responsible for some aspect of the text, the markup or something asserted by the markup, and the degree of certainty associated with it.

cert | (certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation.
resp | (responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber.

att.global.source provides attributes used by elements to point to an external source.

source
specifies the source from which some aspect of this element is drawn.

att.editLike provides attributes describing the nature of an encoded scholarly intervention or interpretation of any kind.

evidence
indicates the nature of the evidence supporting the reliability or accuracy of the intervention or interpretation. Suggested values include: 1] internal; 2] external; 3] conjecture

att.dimensions provides attributes for describing the size of physical objects.

unit | names the unit used for the measurement Suggested values include: 1] cm (centimetres); 2] mm (millimetres); 3] in (inches); 4] line; 5] char (characters)
quantity | specifies the length in the units specified
extent | indicates the size of the object concerned using a project-specific vocabulary combining quantity and units in a single string of words.
precision | characterizes the precision of the values specified by the other attributes.
scope | where the measurement summarizes more than one observation, specifies the applicability of this measurement. Sample values include: 1] all; 2] most; 3] range

Many of the elements discussed here can be used in two ways. Their primary purpose is to indicate that the text encoded as the element's content represents an editorial intervention (or non-intervention) of a specific kind, indicated by the element itself. However, pairs or other meaningful groupings of such elements can also be supplied, wrapped within a special purpose choice element:

choice (choice) groups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.

This element enables the encoder to represent for example a text in its ‘original’ uncorrected and unaltered form, alongside the same text in one or more ‘edited’ forms. This usage permits software to switch automatically between one ‘view’ of a text and another, so that (for example) a stylesheet may be set to display either the text in its original form or after the application of editorial interventions of particular kinds.

Elements which can be combined in this way constitute the model.choicePart class. The default members of this class are sic, corr, reg, orig, unclear, supplied, abbr, expan, ex, am and seg; some of their functions and usage are described further below.

Three categories of editorial intervention are discussed in this section:

indication or correction of apparent errors

indication or regularization of variant, irregular, non-standard, or eccentric forms

editorial additions, suppressions, and omissions

A more extended treatment of the use of these tags in transcriptional and editorial work is given in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources.

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TEI: Apparent Errors⚓︎3.5.1. Apparent Errors

When the copy text is manifestly faulty, an encoder or transcriber may elect simply to correct it without comment, although for scholarly purposes it will often be more generally useful to record both the correction and the original state of the text. The elements described here enable all three approaches, and allows the last to be done in such a way as make it easy for software to present either the original or the correction.

sic (Latin for thus or so) contains text reproduced although apparently incorrect or inaccurate.

corr (correction) contains the correct form of a passage apparently erroneous in the copy text.

The following examples show alternative treatment of the same material. The copy text reads:

Another property of computer-assisted historical research is that data modelling must permit any one textual feature or part of a textual feature to be a part of more than one information model and to allow the researcher to draw on several such models simultaneously, for example, to select from a machine-readable text those marginal comments which indicate that the date's mentioned in the main body of the text are incorrect.

An encoder may choose to correct the typographic error, either silently or with an indication that a correction has been made, as follows:

… marginal comments which indicate that the <corr>dates</corr>
mentioned in the main body of the text are incorrect.

bibliography ⚓︎

Alternatively, the encoder may simply record the typographic error without correcting it, either without comment or with a sic element to indicate the error is not a transcription error in the encoding:

… marginal comments which indicate that the <sic>date's</sic>
mentioned in the main body of the text are incorrect.

bibliography ⚓︎

If the encoder elects both to record the original source text and to provide a correction for the sake of word-search and other programs, both sic and corr are used, wrapped in a choice:

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr>dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

bibliography ⚓︎

The sic and corr elements can appear in either order.

If it is desired to indicate the person or edition responsible for the emendation, this might be done as follows:

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr resp="#msm">dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

<!-- within the header for this document ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="msm">
 <resp>editor</resp>
 <name>C.M. Sperberg-McQueen</name>
</respStmt>

bibliography ⚓︎

Here the resp attribute has been used to indicate responsibility for the correction. Its value (#msm) is an example of the pointer values discussed in section 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References; in this case, it points to a respStmt element within the TEI header, but any element might be indicated in this way, including for example a name element, or (if the module described in 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places has been included) a person element. The resp attribute is available for all elements which are members of the att.global.responsibility class. The same class makes available a cert attribute, which may be used to indicate the degree of editorial confidence in a particular correction, as in the following example:

An <choice>
 <corr cert="high">Autumn</corr>
 <sic>Antony</sic>
</choice> it was,
That grew the more by reaping

bibliography ⚓︎

See further the discussion in section 12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture.

Where, as here, the correction takes the form of adding text not otherwise present in the text being encoded, the encoder should use the corr element. Where the correction is present in the text being encoded, and consists of some combination of visible additions and deletions, the elements add or del should be used: see further section 3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions below. Where the correction takes the form of addition of material not present in the original because of physical damage or illegibility, the supplied element may be used. Where the ‘correction’ is simply a matter of expanding an abbreviation the ex element may be used. These and other elements to support the detailed encoding of authorial or scribal interventions of this kind are all provided by the module described in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources.

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TEI: Regularization and Normalization⚓︎3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization

When the source text makes extensive use of variant forms or non-standard spellings, it may be desirable for a number of reasons to regularize it: that is, to provide ‘standard’ or ‘regularized’ forms equivalent to the non-standard forms.¹⁵

As with other such changes to the copy text, the changes may be made silently (in which case the TEI header should specify the types of silent changes made) or may be explicitly marked using the following elements:

reg (regularization) contains a reading which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.

orig (original form) contains a reading which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.

choice (choice) groups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.

Typical applications for these elements include the production of editions intended for student or lay readers, linguistic research in which spelling or usage variation is not the main question at issue, production of spelling dictionaries, etc.

Consider this 16th-century text:

how godly a dede it is to overthrowe so wicked a race the world may judge: for my part I thinke there canot be a greater sacryfice to God.

An encoder may choose to preserve the original spelling of this text, but simply flag it as nonstandard by using the orig element with no attributes specified, as follows:

<p>...how godly a <orig>dede</orig> it is to
<orig>overthrowe</orig> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <orig>thinke</orig>
there <orig>canot</orig> be a greater
<orig>sacryfice</orig> to God</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Alternatively, the encoder may simply indicate that certain words have been modernized by using the reg element with no attributes specified, as follows:

<p>...how godly a
<reg>deed</reg> it is to <reg>overthrow</reg> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <reg>think</reg>
there <reg>cannot</reg> be a greater
<reg>sacrifice</reg> to God.</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Alternatively, the encoder may elect to record both old and new spellings, so that (for example) the same electronic text may serve as the basis of an old- or new-spelling edition:

<p>...how godly a <choice>
  <orig>dede</orig>
  <reg>deed</reg>
 </choice> it is to
<choice>
  <orig>overthrowe</orig>
  <reg>overthrow</reg>
 </choice> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <choice>
  <orig>thinke</orig>
  <reg>think</reg>
 </choice>
there <choice>
  <orig>canot</orig>
  <reg>cannot</reg>
 </choice> be a greater
<choice>
  <orig>sacryfice</orig>
  <reg>sacrifice</reg>
 </choice> to God.</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

As elsewhere, the resp attribute may be used to specify the agency responsible for the regularization.

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TEI: Additions, Deletions, and Omissions⚓︎3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

The following elements are used to indicate when words or phrases have been omitted from, added to, or marked for deletion from, a text. Like the other editorial elements, they allow for a wide range of editorial practices:

gap (gap) indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible, invisible, or inaudible.

reason
(reason) gives the reason for omission. Suggested values include: 1] cancelled (cancelled); 2] deleted (deleted); 3] editorial (editorial); 4] illegible (illegible); 5] inaudible (inaudible); 6] irrelevant (irrelevant); 7] sampling (sampling)

ellipsis (deliberately marked omission) indicates a purposeful marking in the source document signalling that content has been omitted, and may also supply or describe the omitted content.

unclear (unclear) contains a word, phrase, or passage which cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.

reason
indicates why the material is hard to transcribe. Suggested values include: 1] illegible (illegible); 2] inaudible (inaudible); 3] faded (faded); 4] background_noise (background noise); 5] eccentric_ductus (eccentric ductus)

add (addition) contains letters, words, or phrases inserted in the source text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector.

del (deletion) contains a letter, word, or passage deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector.

Encoders may choose to omit parts of the copy text for reasons ranging from illegibility of the source or impossibility of transcribing it, to editorial policy, e.g. a systematic exclusion of poetry or prose from an encoding. The full details of the policy decisions concerned should be documented in the TEI header (see section 2.3. The Encoding Description). In these situations — where copy text is not transcribed due to editorial policy or because it is impossible to do so — the gap element may be used to indicate the omission. Attributes on the gap element optionally provide further information about the reason for the omission, its extent, and the person or agency responsible for it, as in the following examples:

<gap reason="illegible" unit="word"
 quantity="2" resp="#editor04"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

<gap reason="overwriting illegible"
 extent="several characters"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that the extent of the gap may be marked precisely using attributes unit and quantity, or more descriptively using the extent attribute. Other, more detailed, options are also available for representing dimensions of any kind; see further 11.3.4. Dimensions.

The desc element may be used to supply a description of the material omitted, where that is considered useful:

<gap reason="sampling" quantity="120"
 unit="lines">
 <desc>irrelevant commentary</desc>
</gap>

bibliography ⚓︎

… Their arrangement with respect to Jupiter and to each other was as follows:
<gap reason="sampling" extent="restOfPage">
 <desc>astrological figure</desc>
</gap>
That is, there were two stars on the easterly side and one to the
west; …

bibliography ⚓︎

The ellipsis element provides a means to encode the deliberate, marked omission of content in a source document. Within ellipsis, a required metamark is used to represent the characters or markings in the source that indicate the presence of omitted material. Encoders may optionally provide a desc element to describe the omission, as well as a supplied element to record the content omitted from the source at this point. The ellipsis element could be applied to ‘ditto’ marks when they indicate repetition of the same content, as in this example:

<table rows="3" cols="2">
 <head>Tent supplies</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>nylon tent</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>steel stakes</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>6</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>fiberglass poles</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <ellipsis>
    <metamark function="ellipsis">"</metamark>
    <supplied>
     <num>6</num>
    </supplied>
   </ellipsis>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

bibliography ⚓︎

The ellipsis element may also apply to literary passages that omit the full names of places or people, leaving their identities to the imagination of the reader, as in the next example.

<p>I leave Dublin to-morrow for M<ellipsis>
  <metamark>——</metamark>
 </ellipsis> house. It is situated in the county of <ellipsis>
  <metamark>——</metamark>
 </ellipsis>, on the north-west coast of <placeName>Connaught</placeName>, which I am told is the classic ground of <placeName>Ireland</placeName>.</p>

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A manuscript of song lyrics provides a more complex example of ellipsis to encode a marked omission that begins in the middle of a verse line.

Figure 4. A manuscript from Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional [1525-1526] in Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, representing song lyrics and the beginning of a chorus. On the last line visible in this image, a marking of three dots and a line, ‘·:—’, indicates that the rest of the chorus should follow after this point.

Our encoding of the passage shows the use of ellipsis with supplied to contain the omitted content.

<lg>
 <l>Amıgas sey eu be<ex>n</ex> dunha molher</l>
 <l>Que se trabalha de uosco buscar</l>
 <l>Mal a uossamigo polo matar</l>
 <l>Mays todaquestamiga ela q<ex>ue</ex>r</l>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l>Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
 <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>E buscalhi co<ex>n</ex> uosco q<ex>ua</ex>nto mal</l>
 <l>Ela mays pode aq<ex>ue</ex>sto sei eu</l>
 <l>E todaq<ex>ue</ex>stela faz polo seu</l>
 <l>E p<ex>or</ex>este p<unclear>ẏ</unclear>te non por al</l>
 <lb/>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l rend="nobreak" part="I">Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca</l>
 <ellipsis>
  <metamark rend="nobreak"
   function="ellipsis">·:—</metamark>
  <supplied>
   <l rend="nobreak" part="F">co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
   <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
  </supplied>
 </ellipsis>
</lg>

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The add and del elements may be used to record where words or phrases have been added or deleted in the copy text. They are not appropriate where longer passages have been added or deleted, which span several elements; for these, the elements addSpan and delSpan described in chapter 12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions should be used.

Additions to a text may be recorded for a number of reasons. Sometimes they are marked in a distinctive way in the source text, for example by brackets or insertion above the line (supralinear insertion), as in the following example, taken from a 19th century manuscript:

The story I am going to relate is true as to its main facts,
and as to the consequences <add place="above">of
these facts</add> from which this tale takes its title.

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The add element should not be used to mark editorial changes, such as supplying a word omitted by mistake from the source text or a passage present in another version. In these cases, either the corr or supplied tags should be used, as discussed above in section 3.5.1. Apparent Errors, and in section 12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture, respectively.

The unclear element is used to mark passages in the original which cannot be read with confidence, or about which the transcriber is uncertain for other reasons, as for example when transcribing a partially inaudible or illegible source. Its reason and resp attributes are used, as with the gap element, to indicate the cause of uncertainty and the person responsible for the conjectured reading.

For example:

<l>And where the sandy mountain Fenwick scald</l>
<l>
 <unclear reason="ink blot">The</unclear> sea between
yet hence his pray'r prevail'd
</l>

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or from a spoken text:

<p>... and then <unclear reason="passingTruck">marbled queen</unclear>...</p>

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Where the material affected is entirely illegible or inaudible, the gap element discussed above should be used in preference.

The del element is used to mark material which is deleted in the source but which can still be read with some degree of confidence, as opposed to material which has been omitted by the encoder or transcriber either because it is entirely illegible or for some other reason. This is of particular importance in transcribing manuscript material, though deletion is also found in printed texts, sometimes for humorous purposes:

<l>One day I will sojourn to your shores</l>
<l>I live in the middle of England</l>
<l>But!</l>
<l>Norway! My soul resides in your watery
<del rend="overstrike">fiords fyords fiiords</del>
</l>
<l>Inlets.</l>

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The rend attribute may be used to distinguish different methods of deletion in manuscript or typescript material, as in this line from the typescript of Eliot's Waste Land:

<l>
 <del rend="overtyped">Mein</del> Frisch <del rend="overstrike">schwebt</del> weht der Wind
</l>

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Deletion in manuscript or typescript is often associated with addition:

<l>
 <del rend="overstrike">Inviolable</del>
 <add place="below">Inexplicable</add>
splendour of Corinthian white and gold
</l>

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The subst element discussed in 12.3.1.5. Substitutions provides a way of grouping additions and deletions of this kind.

The del element should not be used where the deletion is such that material cannot be read with confidence, or read at all, or where the material has been omitted by the transcriber or editor for some other reason. Where the material deleted cannot be read with confidence, the unclear tag should be used with the reason attribute indicating that the difficulty of transcription is due to deletion. Where material has been omitted by the transcriber or editor, this may be indicated by use of the gap element. A deletion in which some parts may be read but not others may thus be represented by one or more gap elements intermingled with text, all contained by a del element. Text supplied or marked as unneccessary by an editor should be marked with the supplied and surplus elements (discussed in 12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription) rather than add and del. These two sets of elements allow the encoder to distinguish editorial changes from those visible in the source text.

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TEI: Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses⚓︎3.6. Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses

This section describes a number of textual features which it is often convenient to distinguish from their surrounding text. Names, dates, and numbers are likely to be of particular importance to the scholar treating a text as source for a database; distinguishing such items from the surrounding text is however equally important to the scholar primarily interested in lexis.

The treatment of these textual features proposed here is not intended to be exhaustive: fuller treatments for names, numbers, measures, and dates are provided in the names and dates module (see chapter 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places); more detailed treatment of abbreviations is provided by the transcription module (see section 12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion).

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TEI: Referring Strings⚓︎3.6.1. Referring Strings

A referring string is a phrase which refers to some person, place, object, etc. Two elements are provided to mark such strings:

rs (referencing string) contains a general purpose name or referring string.

name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.

Both the name and rs elements are members of the att.typed class, from which they inherit the following attributes:

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

which may be used to further categorize the kind of object referred to.

Examples include:

<p>
 <q>My dear
 <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>
 </q>, said his lady to
him one day, <q>have you heard that <rs type="place">Netherfield Park</rs> is let at last?</q>
</p>

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<p>Collectors of water-rents were appointed by the
<rs type="org">Watering Committee</rs>.
They were paid a commission not exceeding four per
cent, and gave bond.</p>

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<p>It being one of the principles of the
<rs type="org">Circumlocution Office</rs> never, on any
account whatsoever, to give a straightforward answer,
<rs type="person">Mr Barnacle</rs> said, <q>Possibly.</q>
</p>

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As the following example shows, the rs element may be used for any reference to a person, place, etc., not only to references in the form of a proper noun or noun phrase.

<p>
 <q>My dear <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>
 </q>, said
<rs type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day ...
</p>

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The name element by contrast is provided for the special case of referencing strings which consist only of proper nouns; it may be used synonymously with the rs element, or nested within it if a referring string contains a mixture of common and proper nouns. The following example shows an alternative way of encoding the short sentence from Pride and Prejudice quoted above:

<p>
 <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr. Bennet</name>,</q> said <rs type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day,
<q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield Park</name> is let at last?</q>
</p>

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As the following example shows, a proper name may be nested within a referring string:

<rs>His Excellency the Life President, <name>Ngwazi Dr H. Kamuzu Banda</name>
</rs>

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Simply tagging something as a name is generally not enough to enable automatic processing of personal names into the canonical forms usually required for reference purposes. The name as it appears in the text may be inconsistently spelled, partial, or vague. Moreover, name prefixes such as van or de la may or may not be included as part of the reference form of a name, depending on the language and country of origin of the bearer.

Two issues arise in this context: firstly, there may be a need to encode a regularized form of a name, distinct from the actual form in the source to hand; secondly, there may be a need to identify the particular person, place, etc. referred to by the name, irrespective of whether the name itself is normalized or not. The element reg, introduced in 3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization is provided for the former purpose; the attributes key or ref for the latter.

The key and ref attributes are common to all members of the att.canonical class and are defined as follows:

att.canonical provides attributes that can be used to associate a representation such as a name or title with canonical information about the object being named or referenced.

key | provides an externally-defined means of identifying the entity (or entities) being named, using a coded value of some kind.
ref | (reference) provides an explicit means of locating a full definition or identity for the entity being named by means of one or more URIs.

A very useful application for them is as a means of gathering together all references to the same individual or location scattered throughout a document:

<q>My dear
<rs key="BENM1" type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>,</q> said
<rs key="BENM2" type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day,

<q>have you heard that
<rs key="NETP1" type="place">Netherfield Park</rs> is let at
last?</q>

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<p>
 <name key="VOM1" type="person">Mme. de Volanges</name>
marie <rs key="VOM2">sa fille</rs>:
c'est encore un secret;
mais elle m'en a fait part hier.
</p>

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The value of the key attribute may be an unexpanded code, as in the examples above, with no particular significance. More usually however, it will be an externally defined code of some kind, as provided by a standard reference source.

<p>
 <name key="LHR" type="airport">Heathrow</name>
</p>

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The standard reference source should be documented, for example using a taxonomy element in the TEI header.

The ref attribute can be used to point directly to some other resource providing more information about the entity named by the element, such as an authority record in a database, an encylopaedia entry, another element in the same or a different document etc.

<p>
 <name ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_airport"
  type="airport">Heathrow</name>
</p>

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This use should be distinguished from the use of a nested reg (regularization) element to provide the standard form of a referring string, as in this example:

<p>My personal life during
the administration of <rs key="POJA1" type="person">Col. Polk
   (<reg>Polk, James K.</reg>)</rs> has but poorly compensated me for the
suspended enjoyments and pursuits of private and professional
spheres</p>

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No particular syntax is proposed for the values of the key attribute, since its form will depend entirely on practice within a given project. For the same reason, this attribute is not recommended in data interchange, since there is no way of ensuring that the values used by one project are distinct from those used by another. In such a situation, a preferable approach for magic tokens which follows standard practice on the Web is to use a ref attribute whose value is a tag URI as defined in RFC 4151. For example:

<p>
 <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:VOM1"
  type="person">Mme. de Volanges</name> marie <rs ref="tag:theworksoflaclos.org,2012:VOM2">sa fille</rs>: c'est encore un secret;
mais elle m'en a fait part hier.
</p>

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The inclusion of the domain name of the party responsible for tagging (theworksoflaclos.org), as specified in RFC 4151, helps ensure uniqueness of magic token values across TEI encoding projects, allowing for improved interchange of TEI documents.

The choice element discussed in 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes may be used if it is desired to record both a normalized form of a name and the name used in the source being encoded:

<p>
 <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:WADLM1"
  type="person">
  <choice>
   <orig>Walter de la Mare</orig>
   <reg>de la Mare, Walter</reg>
  </choice>
 </name>
was born at <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Ch1"
  type="place">Charlton</name>, in
<name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:KT1"
  type="county">Kent</name>, in 1873.
</p>

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The index element discussed in 3.9.2. Index Entries may be more appropriate if the function of the regularization is to provide a consistent index:

<p>
 <name type="place">Montaillou</name> is not a large parish.
At the time of the events which led to
<name type="person">Fournier<index>
   <term>Benedict XII, Pope of Avignon (Jacques Fournier)</term>
  </index>
 </name>'s
investigations, the local population consisted of between 200 and 250 inhabitants.
</p>

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Although adequate for many simple applications, these methods have two inconveniences: if the name occurs many times, then its regularized form would be repeated many times; and the burden of additional XML markup in the body of the text may be inconvenient to maintain and complex to process. For applications such as onomastics, relating to persons or places named rather than the name itself, or wherever a detailed analysis of the component parts of a name is needed, the specialized elements described in chapter 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places or the analytical tools described in chapter 19. Feature Structures should be used.

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TEI: Addresses⚓︎3.6.2. Addresses

These Guidelines propose the following elements to distinguish postal and electronic addresses:

address (address) contains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual.

email (electronic mail address) contains an email address identifying a location to which email messages can be delivered.

These two elements constitute the class of model.addressLike elements; for other kinds of address this class may be extended by adding new elements if necessary.

These Guidelines provide no particular means for encoding the substructure of an email address (for example, distinguishing the local part from the domain part), nor of distinguishing personal email addresses from generic or fictitious ones.

<email>info@tei-c.org</email>

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The simplest way of encoding a postal address is to regard it as a series of distinct lines, just as they might be written on an envelope. The following element supports this view:

addrLine (address line) contains one line of a postal address.

Here is an example of a postal address encoded using this approach:

<address>
 <addrLine>110 Southmoor Road,</addrLine>
 <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
 <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
</address>

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Alternatively, an address may be encoded as a structure of more semantically rich elements. The class model.addrPart element class identifies a number of such possible components:

street contains a full street address including any name or number identifying a building as well as the name of the street or route on which it is located.

name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.

postCode (postal code) contains a numerical or alphanumeric code used as part of a postal address to simplify sorting or delivery of mail.

postBox (postal box or post office box) contains a number or other identifier for some postal delivery point other than a street address.

model.nameLike groups elements which name or refer to a person, place, or organization.

model.nameLike.agent | groups elements which contain names of individuals or corporate bodies.
model.offsetLike | groups elements which can appear only as part of a place name.
model.persNamePart | groups elements which form part of a personal name.
model.placeStateLike | groups elements which describe changing states of a place.

eventName | (name of an event) contains a proper noun or noun phrase used to refer to an event.
idno | (identifier) supplies any form of identifier used to identify some object, such as a bibliographic item, a person, a title, an organization, etc. in a standardized way.
lang | (language name) contains the name of a language mentioned in etymological or other linguistic discussion.
objectName | (name of an object) contains a proper noun or noun phrase used to refer to an object.
rs | (referencing string) contains a general purpose name or referring string.

model.persNamePart groups elements which form part of a personal name.

addName | (additional name) contains an additional name component, such as a nickname, epithet, or alias, or any other descriptive phrase used within a personal name.
forename | (forename) contains a forename, given or baptismal name.
genName | (generational name component) contains a name component used to distinguish otherwise similar names on the basis of the relative ages or generations of the persons named.
nameLink | (name link) contains a connecting phrase or link used within a name but not regarded as part of it, such as van der or of.
persPronouns | (personal pronouns) indicates the personal pronouns used, or assumed to be used, by the individual being described.
roleName | (role name) contains a name component which indicates that the referent has a particular role or position in society, such as an official title or rank.
surname | (surname) contains a family (inherited) name, as opposed to a given, baptismal, or nick name.

model.placeNamePart groups elements which form part of a place name.

bloc | (bloc) contains the name of a geo-political unit consisting of two or more nation states or countries.
country | (country) contains the name of a geo-political unit, such as a nation, country, colony, or commonwealth, larger than or administratively superior to a region and smaller than a bloc.
district | (district) contains the name of any kind of subdivision of a settlement, such as a parish, ward, or other administrative or geographic unit.
geogName | (geographical name) identifies a name associated with some geographical feature such as Windrush Valley or Mount Sinai.
placeName | (place name) contains an absolute or relative place name.
region | (region) contains the name of an administrative unit such as a state, province, or county, larger than a settlement, but smaller than a country.
settlement | (settlement) contains the name of a settlement such as a city, town, or village identified as a single geo-political or administrative unit.

Any number of elements from the model.addrPart class may appear within an address and in any order. None of them is required.

Where code letters are commonly used in addresses (for example, to identify regions or countries) a useful practice is to supply the full name of the region or country as the content of the element, but to supply the abbreviatory code as the value of the global n attribute, so that (for example) an application preparing formatted labels can readily find the required information. Other components of addresses may be represented using the general-purpose name element or (when the additional module for names and dates is included) the more specialized elements provided for that purpose.

Using just the elements defined by the core module, the above address could thus be represented as follows:

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <name type="city">Oxford</name>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <name type="country">United Kingdom</name>
</address>

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The order of elements within an address is highly culture-specific, and is therefore unconstrained:

<address>
 <name type="org">Università di Bologna</name>
 <name type="country">Italy</name>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <name type="city">Bologna</name>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
</address>

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A telephone number (normally outside of the address element) might be tagged with an addrLine and ref that points to the phone number using the tel URI scheme:

<addrLine>
 <ref target="tel:+1-201-555-0123">(201) 555 0123</ref>
</addrLine>

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For further discussion of ways of regularizing the names of places, see section 3.6. Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses. A full postal address may also include the name of the addressee, tagged as above using the general purpose name element.

When a schema includes the names and dates module discussed in chapter 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places, a large number of more specific elements such as country or settlement will be available from the class model.addrPart. The above example might then be encoded as follows:

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
</address>

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TEI: Numbers and Measures⚓︎3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

This section describes elements provided for the simple encoding of numbers and measurements and gives some indication of circumstances in which this may usefully be done. The following phrase level elements are provided for this purpose:

num (number) contains a number, written in any form.

type | indicates the type of numeric value. Suggested values include: 1] cardinal; 2] ordinal; 3] fraction; 4] percentage
value | supplies the value of the number in standard form.

measure (measure) contains a word or phrase referring to some quantity of an object or commodity, usually comprising a number, a unit, and a commodity name.

type
specifies the type of measurement in any convenient typology.

measureGrp (measure group) contains a group of dimensional specifications which relate to the same object, for example the height and width of a manuscript page.

Like names or abbreviations, numbers can occur virtually anywhere in a text. Numbers are special in that they can be written with either letters or digits (twenty-one, xxi, and 21) and their presentation is language-dependent (e.g. English 5th becomes Greek 5.; English 123,456.78 equals French 123.456,78).

For many kinds of application, e.g. natural-language processing or machine translation, numbers are not regarded as ‘lexical’ in the same way as other parts of a text. For these and other applications, the num element provides a convenient method of distinguishing numbers from the surrounding text. For other kinds of application, numbers are only useful if normalized: here the num element is useful precisely because it provides a standardized way of representing a numerical value.

For example:

<num value="33">xxxiii</num>
<num type="cardinal" value="21">twenty-one</num>
<num type="percentage" value="10">ten percent</num>
<num type="percentage" value="10">10%</num>
<num type="ordinal" value="5">5th</num>

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<num type="fraction" value="0.5">one half</num>
<num type="fraction" value="0.5">1/2</num>

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Sometimes it may be desired to mark something as numerical which cannot be accurately normalized, for example an expression such as dozens; less frequently the number may be recognisable linguistically as such but may use a notation with which the encoder is unfamiliar. To help in these situations, the num element may also bear either or both of the following attributes from the att.ranging class:

att.ranging provides attributes for describing numerical ranges.

atLeast | gives a minimum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
atMost | gives a maximum estimated value for the approximate measurement.

In its fullest form, a measure consists of a number, a phrase expressing units of measure and a phrase expressing the commodity being measured, though not all of these components need be present in every case. It may be helpful to distinguish measures from surrounding text for two reasons. Firstly, a measure may be expressed using a particular notation or system of abbreviations which the encoder does not wish to regard as lexical. Secondly, a quantitative application may wish to distinguish and normalize the internal components of a measure, in order to perform calculations on them.

Consider, as an example of the first case, the following list of Celia's charms, in which the encoder has chosen to make explicit the measurements:

<div n="2">
 <list type="gloss">
  <label>Age</label>
  <item>Unimportant</item>
  <label>Head</label>
  <item>Small and round</item>
  <label>Eyes</label>
  <item>Green</item>
  <label>Complexion</label>
  <item>White</item>
  <label>Hair</label>
  <item>yellow</item>
  <label>Features</label>
  <item>Mobile</item>
  <label>Neck</label>
  <item>
   <measure>13¾"</measure>
  </item>
  <label>Upper arm</label>
  <item>
   <measure>11"</measure>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

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In the same way, it may be convenient to mark representations of currency which might otherwise be misinterpreted as lexical:

<p>...the sum of
<measure type="currency">12s 6d</measure>...</p>

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In general, normalization of a measure will require specification of one or more of its three parts: the quantity, the units, and possibly also the commodity being measured. This is accomplished by supplying values for the three attributes quantity, unit, and commodity, which are supplied by the att.measurement class:

att.measurement provides attributes to represent a regularized or normalized measurement.

quantity
(quantity) specifies the number of the specified units that comprise the measurement

unit
(unit) indicates the units used for the measurement, usually using the standard symbol for the desired units. Suggested values include: 1] m (metre); 2] kg (kilogram); 3] s (second); 4] Hz (hertz); 5] Pa (pascal); 6] Ω (ohm); 7] L (litre); 8] t (tonne); 9] ha (hectare); 10] Å (ångström); 11] mL (millilitre); 12] cm (centimetre); 13] dB (decibel); 14] kbit (kilobit); 15] Kibit (kibibit); 16] kB (kilobyte); 17] KiB (kibibyte); 18] MB (megabyte); 19] MiB (mebibyte)

commodity
(commodity) indicates the substance that is being measured

With these attributes, the measurement of Celia's neck may be specified in a normalized form:

<measure quantity="13.75" unit="in">13¾"</measure>

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Such techniques are particularly useful when representing historical data such as inventories:

<list>
 <item>
  <measure type="volume" quantity="2"
   unit="bag" commodity="hops">ii bags hops</measure>
 </item>
 <item>
  <measure type="volume" quantity="6"
   unit="truss" commodity="cloth">six trusses Woolen and linen goods</measure>
 </item>
 <item>
  <measure type="weight" quantity="5"
   unit="ton" commodity="coal">5 tonnes coale</measure>
 </item>
</list>

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In addition to normalization, the attributes of the att.ranging class may be used to supply the mininum or maximum values of a range, or of an approximate measurement:

att.ranging provides attributes for describing numerical ranges.

min | where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the minimum value observed.
max | where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the maximum value observed.
atLeast | gives a minimum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
atMost | gives a maximum estimated value for the approximate measurement.

<p>In a cadaver I have found it
<lb/>holding <measure unit="mL" commodity="blood"
  min="85.2">more than three ounces</measure>.
[...] Then
<lb/>we may suppose in man that a single heart beat
<lb/>would force out either
<measure unit="mL" commodity="blood"
  max="13.2" min="3.7">a half ounce, three drams,
 <lb/>or even one dram of blood</measure>, which because of the
<lb/>valvular block could not flow back that way into
<lb/>the heart.</p>

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The measureGrp element is provided as a means of grouping several related measurements together, either because the measurement involves several dimensions (for example height and width) or to avoid the need to repeat all the normalizing attributes:

<measureGrp type="volume" unit="in">
 <measure type="height" quantity="14">xiv</measure>
 <measure type="width" quantity="5">v</measure>
 <measure type="depth" quantity="10">x</measure>
</measureGrp>

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The unit element may be applied when units of measurement require more detailed encoding about the system they belong to or the what kind of phenomenon they designate. The unit element may carry the unit attribute to indicate a standard value, as well as other optional attributes for indicating type, language, and other distinguishing characteristics.

unit contains a symbol, a word or a phrase referring to a unit of measurement in any kind of formal or informal system.

att.measurement provides attributes to represent a regularized or normalized measurement.

unit
(unit) indicates the units used for the measurement, usually using the standard symbol for the desired units. Suggested values include: 1] m (metre); 2] kg (kilogram); 3] s (second); 4] Hz (hertz); 5] Pa (pascal); 6] Ω (ohm); 7] L (litre); 8] t (tonne); 9] ha (hectare); 10] Å (ångström); 11] mL (millilitre); 12] cm (centimetre); 13] dB (decibel); 14] kbit (kilobit); 15] Kibit (kibibit); 16] kB (kilobyte); 17] KiB (kibibyte); 18] MB (megabyte); 19] MiB (mebibyte)

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

att.global provides attributes common to all elements in the TEI encoding scheme.

A measure element may contain a combination of num and unit elements:

<measure type="list">
 <num>1</num>, <num>2</num>, <num>5</num>, <num>7</num>
 <unit type="length" unit="mm">millimètres</unit>
</measure>

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The unit element may also be nested to indicate a complex unit and its component parts, for example, to indicate that rate combines space and time:

<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10^10</num>
 <unit type="rate" unit="cm/s">
  <unit type="space">cm</unit> per <unit type="time">second</unit>
 </unit>.</p>

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TEI: Dates and Times⚓︎3.6.4. Dates and Times

Dates and times, like numbers, can appear in widely varying culture- and language-dependent forms, and can pose similar problems in automatic language processing. Such elements constitute the model.dateLike class, of which the default members are:

date (date) contains a date in any format.

time (time) contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format.

These elements have some additional attributes by virtue of being members of the att.datable and att.duration classes which, in turn, are members of the att.datable.w3c and att.duration.w3c classes. In particular, the when and calendar attributes will be discussed here:

att.datable.w3c provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events conforming to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition.

when
supplies the value of the date or time in a standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

att.calendarSystem provides attributes for indicating calendar systems to which a date belongs.

calendar
indicates one or more systems or calendars to which the date represented by the content of this element belongs.

Dates can occur virtually anywhere in a text, but in some contexts (e.g. bibliographic citations) their encoding is recommended or required rather than optional. Times can also appear anywhere but encoding these is more generally optional.

Partial dates or times (e.g. 1990, September 1990, twelvish) can be expressed in the when attribute by simply omitting a part of the value supplied. Imprecise dates or times (for example early August, some time after ten and before twelve) may be expressed as date or time ranges.

These mechanisms are useful primarily for fully specified dates or times known with certainty. If component parts of dates or times are to be marked up, or if a more complex analysis of the meaning of a temporal expression is required, the techniques described in chapter 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places should be used in preference to the simple method outlined here.

Where the certainty (i.e. reliability) of the date or time is in question, the encoder should record this fact using the mechanisms discussed in chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility. The same chapter also discusses various methods of recording the precision of numerical or temporal assertions.

The when attribute is a useful way of normalizing or disambiguating dates and times which can appear in many formats, as the following examples show:

<date when="1980-02-12">12/2/1980</date>

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Given on the <date when="1977-06-12">Twelfth Day of June
in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and
Seventy-seven of the Republic the Two Hundredth and first
and of the University the Eighty-Sixth.</date>

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The when attribute always supplies a normalized representation of the date given as content of the date element. The format used should be a valid W3C schema datatype.¹⁶ Some typical examples follow:

<date when="2001">The year 2001</date>
<date when="2001-09">September 2001</date>
<date when="2001-09-11">11 Sep 01</date>
<date when="--09-11">9/11</date>
<date when="--09">September</date>
<date when="---11">Eleventh of the month</date>
<time when="08:48:00">8:48</time>
<date when="2001-09-11T12:48:00">Sept 11th, 12 minutes before 9 am</date>

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Note in the last example the use of a normalized representation for the date string which includes a time: this example could thus equally well be tagged using the time element.

The following examples demonstrate the use of the date element to mark a period of time:

<p>Those five years —
<date from="1918" to="1923">1918 to 1923</date>
— had been, he suspected,
somehow very important.</p>

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<p>The Eddic poems are preserved in a unique
manuscript (Codex Regius 2365) from
<date notBefore="1250" notAfter="1300">the second half of the
   thirteenth century</date>, and <title>Hervarar
   saga</title> dates from <date when="1300">around 1300</date>.</p>

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The calendar attribute may be used to specify a date in any calendar system; if the when attribute is also supplied, it should specify the equivalent date in the Gregorian calendar.

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TEI: Abbreviations and Their Expansions⚓︎3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

It is sometimes desirable to mark abbreviations in the copy text, whether to trigger special processing for them, to provide the full form of the word or phrase abbreviated, or to allow for different possible expansions of the abbreviation. Abbreviations may be transcribed as they stand, or expanded; they may be left unmarked, or marked using these tags:

abbr (abbreviation) contains an abbreviation of any sort.

expan (expansion) contains the expansion of an abbreviation.

The abbr element is useful as a means of distinguishing semi-lexical items such as acronyms or jargon:

We can sum up the above discussion as follows:
the identity of a <abbr>CC</abbr> is defined by that calibration of values which
motivates the elements of its <abbr>GSP</abbr>; ...

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Every manufacturer of <abbr>3GL</abbr> or <abbr>4GL</abbr>
languages is currently nailing on <abbr>OOP</abbr> extensions.

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The type attribute may be used to distinguish types of abbreviation by their function:

<abbr type="title">Dr.</abbr>
<abbr type="initial">M.</abbr> Deegan is
the Director of the <abbr type="acronym">CTI</abbr> Centre for Textual Studies.

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Abbreviations such as Dr. M. above may be treated as two abbreviations, as above, or as one:

<abbr>Dr. M.</abbr> Deegan is
the Director of the <abbr>CTI</abbr> Centre for Textual Studies.

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The expan element may be used simply to record that an abbreviation has been silently expanded by the encoder, perhaps for reasons of house style or editorial policy. It should always include the whole of an abbreviated phrase or word. More usually however this will be combined with the abbr element inside a choice element to record both the abbreviation and its expansion:

the
<choice>
 <expan>World Wide Web Consortium</expan>
 <abbr>W3C</abbr>
</choice>

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Nested abbreviations may also be handled in this way:

<choice>
 <abbr>RELAX NG</abbr>
 <expan>regular
   language for <choice>
   <abbr>XML</abbr>
   <expan>extensible markup
       language</expan>
  </choice>, next
   generation</expan>
</choice>

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Abbreviation is a particularly important feature of manuscript and other source materials, the transcription of which needs more detailed treatment than is possible using these simple elements. A more detailed set of recommendations is discussed in 12.3.1. Altered, Corrected, and Erroneous Texts, which includes additional elements made available for the purpose by the transcr module.

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TEI: Simple Links and Cross-References⚓︎3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

Cross-references or links between one location in a document and one or more other locations, either in the same or different XML documents, may be encoded using the elements ptr and ref, as discussed in this section. These elements both ‘point’ from one location in a document, the place that the element itself appears, to another (or to several), specified by means of a target attribute, supplied by the att.pointing class:

att.pointing provides a set of attributes used by all elements which point to other elements by means of one or more URI references.

target
specifies the destination of the reference by supplying one or more URI References.

Linkages of several other kinds are also provided for in these guidelines; see further chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.

The value of the target attribute, wherever it appears, provides a way of pointing to some other element using a method standardized by the W3C consortium, and known as the XPointer mechanism. This permits a range of complexity, from the very simple (a reference to the value of the target element's xml:id attribute) to the more complex usage of a full URI with embedded XPointers. For example, the source of the following paragraph looks something like this:

<p>...
The complete XPointer specification is managed by the W3C<note place="foot">
  <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-framework/"/>,
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-element/"/>,
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xmlns/"/>, and
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xpointer/"/>
 </note>;
for a discussion of TEI schemes for XPointer, see
<ptr target="#eSATS"/>.</p>
<!--... -->
<div xml:id="eSATS">
<!--... -->
</div>

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Alternatively, if no explicit link is to be encoded, but it is simply required to mark the phrase as a cross-reference, the ref element may be used without a target attribute.

For an introduction to the use of links in general, see 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. The complete XPointer specification is managed by the W3C¹⁷; for a discussion of TEI schemes for XPointer, see 17.2.4. TEI XPointer Schemes.

ptr (pointer) defines a pointer to another location.

ref (reference) defines a reference to another location, possibly modified by additional text or comment.

The elements ptr and ref are the default members of the phrase-level model class model.ptrLike. As members of the classes att.pointing, att.typed, att.cReferencing, and att.internetMedia they also carry the following attributes:

att.pointing provides a set of attributes used by all elements which point to other elements by means of one or more URI references.

target | specifies the destination of the reference by supplying one or more URI References.
evaluate | (evaluate) specifies the intended meaning when the target of a pointer is itself a pointer.

att.cReferencing provides attributes that may be used to supply a canonical reference as a means of identifying the target of a pointer.

cRef
(canonical reference) specifies the destination of the pointer by supplying a canonical reference expressed using the scheme defined in a refsDecl element in the TEI header.

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

att.internetMedia provides attributes for specifying the type of a computer resource using a standard taxonomy.

mimeType
(MIME media type) specifies the applicable multimedia internet mail extension (MIME) media type.

The two elements may be used in the same way; the difference between them is simply that while the ptr element is empty, the ref element may contain phrases specifying, or describing more exactly, the target of a cross-reference, which form the content of the element. Since its content thus serves as a human-readable pointer, in the simplest case a ref element need not identify its target in any other way. For example:

See <ref>section 12 on page 34</ref>.

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More usually, it will be desirable to identify the target of the cross-reference using either the target or the cRef attribute, so that processing software can access it directly, for example to implement a linkage, to generate an appropriate reference, or to give an error message if it cannot be found. Assuming that section 12 in the previous example has been tagged

<div1 xml:id="SEC12">
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

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then the same cross-reference might more exactly be encoded as

See especially <ref target="#SEC12">section 12 on page 34</ref>.

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If the cross-reference itself is to be generated according to a fixed pattern, or if no text is to appear in the body of the cross-reference, the ptr element would be used as follows:

See in particular <ptr target="#SEC12"/>.

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The cRef attribute may be used to express the target of a cross reference using some canonical referencing scheme, such as those typically used for ancient texts. In this case, the referencing scheme must be defined using the cRefPattern or citeStructure elements discussed below (3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems); the definition these provide may be used to translate the value of the cRef attribute into a conventional pointer value, such as one that might be supplied by the target attribute. It is an error to supply both cRef and target values.

When the target attribute is used, a cross reference may point to any number of locations simultaneously, simply by giving more than one identifier as the value of its target attribute. This may be particularly useful where an analytic index is to be encoded, as in the following example:

<list>
 <item>Saints aid rejected in mel. <ptr target="#p299"/>
 </item>
 <item>Sallets censured <ptr target="#p143 #p144"/>
 </item>
 <item>Sanguine mel. signs <ptr target="#p263"/>
 </item>
 <item>Scilla or sea onyon, a purger of mel. <ptr target="#p442"/>
 </item>
</list>

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Here the targets of the cross-references are simply page numbers; it is assumed that corresponding elements with identifiers p299, p143, etc. have been provided in the body of the text:

<pb xml:id="p143"/>
...
<pb xml:id="p144"/>
...
<pb xml:id="p263"/>
...
<pb xml:id="p299"/>
...
<pb xml:id="p442"/>
...

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A similar method may be used to link annotations on a text with the sigla used to encode their points of attachment in a text. For example:

annotated text <ref target="#a51" type="noteAnchor">⁵¹</ref>
<!-- ... -->
<note xml:id="a51" type="footnote">text of annotation</note>

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The type attribute may be used, as elsewhere, to categorize the cross-reference according to any system of importance to the encoder. If bibliographic references require special processing (e.g. in order to provide a consistent short-form reference), they might be tagged thus:

Similar forms, often called
<term rend="ldquo rdquo">rewriting systems</term>, have a long history
among mathematicians, but the specific form of <ptr target="#fig22"/>
was first studied extensively by Chomsky <ptr type="bibliog" target="#chom59"/>.

<!-- ... -->
<figure xml:id="fig22">
 <graphic url="fig22.jpg"/>
</figure>
<!-- elsewhere, in the bibliography -->
<bibl xml:id="chom59">
<!-- citation for the book referenced above -->
</bibl>

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The value bibliog for the type attribute on the second ptr element here might be used to indicate that the object being referenced here is a bibliographic entry rather than a simple cross-reference to an illustration, as is the first ptr. In either case, the value of the target attribute is a pointer to some other element.

The ptr and ref elements have many applications in addition to the simple cross-referencing facilities illustrated in this section. In conjunction with the analytic tools discussed in chapters 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment, 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms, and 19. Feature Structures, they may be used to link analyses of a text to their object, to combine corresponding segments of a text, or to align segments of a text with a temporal or other axis or with each other.

Where the target attribute of ptr or ref points to an external resource available on the network, the mimeType attribute may be used to specify the mime type of that resource; this may be important for to enable appropriate processing. For example:

<p>The current version of the TEI Guidelines source code
is available in the TEI GitHub Repository; <ref target="https://github.com/TEIC/TEI/blob/dev/P5/Source/guidelines-en.xml"
  mimeType="application/tei+xml">guidelines-en.xml</ref>
is the root document used to create the English version
of these Guidelines.</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Lists⚓︎3.8. Lists

The following elements are provided for the encoding of lists, their constituent items, and the labels or headings associated with them:

list (list) contains any sequence of items organized as a list.

item (item) contains one component of a list.

label (label) contains any label or heading used to identify part of a text, typically but not exclusively in a list or glossary.

head (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section, or the heading of a list, glossary, manuscript description, etc.

headLabel (heading for list labels) contains the heading for the label or term column in a glossary list or similar structured list.

headItem (heading for list items) contains the heading for the item or gloss column in a glossary list or similar structured list.

The list element may be used to mark any kind of list: numbered, lettered, bulleted, or unmarked. Lists formatted as such in the copy text should in general be encoded using this element, with an appropriate value for the rend attribute. Suggested values for rend include:

bulleted (items preceded by bullets or similar markings)

inline (items rendered within continuous prose, with no line divisions)

numbered (items preceded by numbers or letters)

simple (items rendered as blocks, but with no bullet or number)

Some of these values may of course be combined; a list may be inline, but also be rendered with numbers. An example appears below. For more sophisticated and detailed description of list rendering, consider using the style attribute with Cascading Stylesheet properties and values, as described in the W3C's CSS Lists and Counters Module Level 3.

Each distinct item in the list should be encoded as a distinct item element. If the numbering or other identification for the items in a list is unremarkable and may be reconstructed by any processing program, no enumerator need be specified. If however an enumerator is retained in the encoded text, it may be supplied either by using the n attribute on the item element, or by using a label element. The following examples are thus equivalent:

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in
the composition of six, or even five quartos.
<list rend="inline numbered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any
   intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2)</label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human
   eyes, excepting those of the author and the printer:
   the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

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I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in
the composition of six, or even five quartos.
<list rend="inline numbered">
 <item n="1">My first rough manuscript, without any
   intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <item n="2">Not a sheet has been seen by any human
   eyes, excepting those of the author and the printer:
   the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

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The two styles may not be mixed in the same list: if one item is preceded by a label, all must be.

A list need not necessarily be displayed in list format. For example, the following is a reasonable encoding of a list which (in the original) is simply printed as a single paragraph:

On those remote pages it is written that animals are
divided into <list rend="inline">
 <item n="a">those that belong to the Emperor, </item>
 <item n="b">embalmed ones, </item>
 <item n="c">those that are trained, </item>
 <item n="d">suckling pigs, </item>
 <item n="e">mermaids, </item>
 <item n="f">fabulous ones, </item>
 <item n="g">stray dogs, </item>
 <item n="h">those that are included in this classification, </item>
 <item n="i">those that tremble as if they were mad, </item>
 <item n="j">innumerable ones, </item>
 <item n="k">those drawn with a very fine camel's-hair brush, </item>
 <item n="l">others, </item>
 <item n="m">those that have just broken a flower vase, </item>
 <item n="n">those that resemble flies from a distance. </item>
</list>

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A list may be given a heading or title, for which the head element should be used, as in the next example, which also demonstrates simple use of the label element to mark a tabular or glossary list in which each item is associated with a word or phrase rather than a numeric or alphabetic enumerator:

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Report of the conduct and progress of Ernest Pontifex.
   Upper Vth form — half term ending Midsummer 1851</head>
 <label>Classics</label>
 <item>Idle listless and unimproving</item>
 <label>Mathematics</label>
 <item>ditto</item>
 <label>Divinity</label>
 <item>ditto</item>
 <label>Conduct in house</label>
 <item>Orderly</item>
 <label>General conduct</label>
 <item>Not satisfactory, on account of his great
   unpunctuality and inattention to duties</item>
</list>

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In such a list, the individual items have internal structure. In complex cases, where list items contain many components, the list is better treated as a table, on which see chapter 15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music. A particularly important instance of the simple two-column table is the ‘glossary list’, which should be marked by the tag <list type="gloss">. In such lists, each label element contains a term and each item its gloss; it is a semantic error for a list tagged with type="gloss" not to have labels. For example:

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um </label>
 <item>bitter, harsh</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </label>
 <item>field</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">audiō, īre,
   īvī, ītus </label>
 <item>hear, listen (to)</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </label>
 <item>war</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um </label>
 <item>good</item>
</list>

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Additionally, the term and gloss elements discussed in section 3.4.1. Terms and Glosses might be used to make explicit the role that each column in the glossary list has, as follows:

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>bitter, harsh</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>field</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>hear, listen (to)</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>war</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>good</gloss>
 </item>
</list>

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Note in the above examples the use of the global xml:lang attribute to specify on the label (or term) element what language the term is from. For further discussion of the xml:lang attribute see section 1.3.1.1. Global Attributes, and section vi.1. Language Identification. A more elaborate markup for this glossary would distinguish the headword forms from the grammatical information (principal parts and gender), perhaps using elements taken from 10. Dictionaries.

In addition to the head element used to supply a title or heading for the whole list, headings for the two columns of a glossary-style list may be specified using the two special elements headLabel and headItem:

The simple, straightforward statement of an idea is
preferable to the use of a worn-out expression.
<list type="gloss">
 <headLabel>TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem>SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet </label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends </label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms </label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square </label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door </label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

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The elements label, head, headLabel, and headItem may contain only phrase-level elements. The item element however may contain paragraphs or other ‘chunks’, including other lists. In this example, a glossary list contains two items, each of which is itself a simple list:

<list type="gloss">
 <label>EVIL</label>
 <item>
  <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>I am cast upon a horrible desolate island, void
       of all hope of recovery.</item>
   <item>I am singled out and separated as it were from
       all the world to be miserable.</item>
   <item>I am divided from mankind — a solitaire; one
       banished from human society.</item>
  </list>
 </item>
 <label>GOOD</label>
 <item>
  <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>But I am alive; and not drowned, as all my
       ship's company were.</item>
   <item>But I am singled out, too, from all the ship's
       crew, to be spared from death...</item>
   <item>But I am not starved, and perishing on a barren place,
       affording no sustenances....</item>
  </list>
 </item>
</list>

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Lists of different types may be nested to arbitrary depths in this way.

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TEI: Notes, Annotation, and Indexing⚓︎3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing

TEI: Notes and Simple Annotation⚓︎3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

The following element is provided for the encoding of discursive notes, whether already present in the copy text or supplied by the encoder:

note (note) contains a note or annotation.

A note is any additional comment found in a text, marked in some way as being out of the main textual stream. All notes should be marked using the same tag, note, whether they appear as block notes in the main text area, at the foot of the page, at the end of the chapter or volume, in the margin, or in some other place.

Notes may be in a different hand or typeface, may be authorial or editorial, and may have been added later. Attributes may be used to specify these and other characteristics of notes, as detailed below.

A note is usually attached to a specific point or span within a text, which we term here its point of attachment. In conventional printed text, the point of attachment is represented by some siglum such as a star or cross, or a superscript digit.

When encoding such a text, it is conventional to replace this siglum by the content of the annotation, duly marked up with a note element. This may not always be possible for example with marginal notes, which may not be anchored to an exact location. For ease of processing, it may be adequate to position marginal notes before the relevant paragraph or other element. In printed texts, it is sometimes conventional to group notes together at the foot of the page on which their points of attachment appear. This practice is not generally recommended for TEI-encoded texts, since the pagination of a particular printed text is unlikely to be of structural significance. In some cases, however, it may be desirable to transcribe notes not at their point of attachment to the text but at their point of appearance, typically at the end of the volume, or the end of the chapter. In such cases, the target attribute of the note may be used to indicate the point of attachment. It is also possible to encode the point of attachment itself, using the ptr or ref element, pointing from that to the body of the note placed elsewhere.

In cases where the note is applied not to a point but to a span of text, not itself represented as a TEI element, the target attribute may use an appropriate pointer expression, for example using the range() function to specify the span of attachment.

For further discussion of pointing to points and spans in the text, see section 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References.

In the following example, the type attribute is used to categorise the note as a gloss:

<l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
<l>And from my neck so free</l>
<l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
<l>Like lead into the sea.
<note type="gloss" place="margin">The spell begins to break</note>
</l>

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As the note appears within an l element, we may infer that its point of attachment is in the margin adjacent to the line in question. In the following version of the same text, however, it may be inferred that the note applies to the whole of the stanza:

<lg>
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
 <note type="gloss" place="margin">The spell begins to break</note>
</lg>

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This type of annotation, very common in the early printed texts which Coleridge may be presumed to be imitating in this case, may also be regarded as providing a heading or descriptive label for the passage concerned. The encoder may therefore prefer to use the label element to represent it, as in the following case:

<lg>
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
 <label place="margin">The spell begins to break</label>
</lg>

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In the following example, a note which appears at the foot of the page in the printed source is given at its point of attachment within the text. The global n attribute is used to indicate the note number:

Collections are ensembles of
distinct entities or objects of any sort.<note n="1" place="bottom">We
explain below why we use the uncommon term
<mentioned>collection</mentioned> instead of the expected
<mentioned>set</mentioned>. Our usage corresponds to the
<mentioned>aggregate</mentioned> of many mathematical writings and to
the sense of <mentioned>class</mentioned> found in older logical
writings.</note> The elements ...

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In addition to transcribing notes already present in the copy text, researchers may wish to add their own notes or comments to it. The note element may be used for either purpose, but it will usually be advisable to distinguish the two categories. One way might be to use the type attribute shown above, categorizing notes as authorial, editorial, etc. Where notes derive from many sources, or where a more precise attribution is required, the resp attribute may be used to point to a definition of the person or other agency responsible for the content of the note.

As a simple example, an edition of the Ancient Mariner might include both Coleridge's original glosses and those of a modern commentator:

<lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray;
 <note place="margin" resp="#STC"
   type="gloss">The spell begins to break</note>
  <note place="bottom" resp="#JLL">The turning point of the poem...</note>
 </l>
</lg>

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For this to be valid, the codes #JLL and #STC must point to some more information identifying the agency concerned. The syntax used is identical to that used for other cross-references, as discussed in 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References; thus in this case, the TEI header for this text might contain a title statement like the following:

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: an annotated edition</title>
 <author xml:id="STC">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</author>
 <editor xml:id="JLL">John Livingston Lowes</editor>
</titleStmt>

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When annotating the electronic text by means of analytic notes in some structured vocabulary, e.g. to specify the topics or themes of a text, the span and interp elements may be more effective than the free form note element; these elements are available when the module for simple analysis is selected (see section 18.3. Spans and Interpretations).

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TEI: Encoding Grouped Notes⚓︎3.9.1.1. Encoding Grouped Notes

The following element is provided for the grouping of notes:

noteGrp (note group) contains a group of notes.

A text may have multiple alternative versions of the same note, such as the same annotation expressed in multiple languages, or both an extensive note and a short form for different audiences. In such cases multiple note elements may be grouped within a noteGrp element.

Typically, the note elements within a noteGrp would be differentiated by use of attributes such as xml:lang or type, while sharing the same point of attachment. This differentiation can be made either implicitly in case of inline notes, or explicitly via a target attribute, which may be specified on the noteGrp itself.

The simple example below demonstrates the grouping of a short and a full version of the same note, where the short version might be intended for use in contexts with space constraints.

<p>... reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus
<noteGrp>
  <note type="short">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days.</note>
  <note type="full">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days (Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday)
     falling on each of the quarters of the year. In the first quarter they were called Cinerum
     (following Ash Wednesday), second Spiritus (following Pentecost), third Crucis
     (after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, September 14th), and Luciae
     in the fourth (after the feast of St. Lucia, December 13th).
  </note>
 </noteGrp>
totaliter expediui.
</p>

⚓︎

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TEI: Index Entries⚓︎3.9.2. Index Entries

The indexing of scholarly texts is a skilled activity, involving substantial amounts of human judgment and analysis. It should not therefore be assumed that simple searching and information retrieval software will be able to meet all the needs addressed by a well-crafted manual index, although it may complement them for example by providing free text search. The role of an index is to provide access via keywords and phrases which are not necessarily present in the text itself, but must be added by the skill of the indexer.

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TEI: Pre-existing Indexes⚓︎3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

When encoding a pre-existing text, therefore, if such an index is present it may be advisable to retain it along with the text, rather than attempt to regenerate it automatically. Elements discussed elsewhere in these Guidelines may be used for this purpose. For example, the div1 element or div element may be used to mark the section of the text containing the index and the list element might be used to mark the index itself, each entry being represented by an item element, possibly containing within it a series of ptr or ref elements, as follows:

<div type="index">
<!--...-->
 <list type="index">
  <item>Women, how cause of mel. <ref>193</ref>; their vanity in
     apparell taxed, <ref>527</ref>; their counterfeit tears
  <ref>547</ref>; their vices <ref>601</ref>, commended,
  <ref>624</ref>.</item>
  <item>Wormwood, good against mel. <ref>443</ref>
  </item>
  <item>World taxed, <ref>181</ref>
  </item>
  <item>Writers of the cure of mel. 295</item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
</div>

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Note that this simple representation does not capture the nested structure of the first of these index entries. A more accurate representation might entail the use of nested lists like the following:

<item>Women,
<list>
  <item>how cause of mel. <ref>193</ref>;</item>
  <item>their vanity in apparell taxed, <ref>527</ref>;</item>
  <item>their counterfeit tears <ref>547</ref>;</item>
  <item>their vices
  <list>
    <item>
     <ref>601</ref>,</item>
    <item> commended, <ref>624</ref>.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</item>

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The page references, encoded simply as ref elements above, might also include direct links to the appropriate location in the encoded text, using (for example) a target attribute to supply the identifier of an associated pb element:

<!-- in the text --><pb xml:id="P624"/>
<!-- start of page 624 -->
<!-- in the index -->
<ref target="#P624">624</ref>

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For further discussion of this and alternative ways of encoding such links see the discussion in section 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. Note that similar methods may also be used to encode a table of contents, as further exemplified in section 4.5. Front Matter.

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TEI: Auto-generated Indexes⚓︎3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

It can also be useful, however, to generate a new index from a machine-readable text, whether the text is being written for the first time with the tags here defined, or as an addition to a text transcribed from some other source. Depending on the complexity of the text and its subject matter, such an automatically-generated index may not in itself satisfy all the needs of scholarly users. However it can assist a professional indexer to construct a fully adequate index, which might then be post-edited into the digital text, marked-up along the lines already suggested for preserving pre-existing index material.

Indexes generally contain both references to specific pages or sections and references to page ranges or sequences. The same element is used in either case:

index (index entry) marks a location to be indexed for whatever purpose.

Like the interp element described in 18.3. Spans and Interpretations this element may be used simply to provide descriptive or interpretive label of some kind for any location within a text, to be processed in any way by analytic software, but its main purpose is to facilitate the generation of an index for a printed version of the text. An index element may be placed anywhere within a text, between or within other elements. The headwords to be used when making up this index are given by the term elements within the index element. The location of the generated index might be specified by means of a processing instruction within the text, such as the following (the exact form of the PI is of course dependent on the application software in use):

<?tei indexplacement ?>⚓

Alternatively, the special purpose divGen element might be used.

In the simplest case, a single headword is supplied by a term element contained by an index element:

<p>The students understand procedures for Arabic lemmatisation
<index>
  <term>Lemmatization, Arabic</term>
 </index>and are beginning to build parsers.</p>

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The effect of this is to document an index entry for the term ‘Lemmatization, Arabic’, which when processed could reference the location of the original index element.

If the subject of Arabic lemmatization is treated at length in a text, then the index entry generated may need to reference a sequence of locations (e.g. page numbers). In such a case it will be necessary to identify the end of the relevant span of text as well as its starting point. This is most conveniently done by supplying an empty anchor element (as discussed in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment) at the appropriate point and pointing to it from the index element by means of its spanTo attribute, as in this example:

<p>We now turn to the
topic of Arabic lemmatisation
<index spanTo="#ALAMEND">
  <term>Lemmatization, Arabic</term>
 </index> concerning which it is important to note [...]

<!-- much learned material omitted here -->
and now we can build our parser.<anchor xml:id="ALAMEND"/>
</p>

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This would generate the same index entries as the previous example, but the reference would be to the whole span of text between the location of the index element and the location of the element identified by the code ALAMEND, rather than a single point, and thus might (for example) include a sequence of page numbers.

Although the position of the index element in the text provides the target location that will be specified in the generated index entry, no part of the text itself is used to construct that entry. Index terms appearing in the entry come solely from the content of term elements, which consequently may have to repeat words or phrases from the text proper. This need not be done verbatim, thus giving scope for normalization of spelling (as in the example above) or other modifications which may assist generation of an index in a desired form or sequence.

Sometimes, for example when index terms are taken from a different language or consist of mathematical formulae or other expressions, even a normalized form of an index term may be insufficient for an application to order it exactly as desired. The sortKey attribute may be used to address this problem, as in the following example:

<p>The @ operator
<index>
  <term sortKey="0000">@</term>
 </index> precedes an
attribute name</p>

⚓︎

Here, an entry for the symbol @ will appear in the index, but will be sorted alphabetically as if it were the string 0000. This technique is also useful when an index entry is to contain some non-Unicode character or glyph represented by the g element discussed in chapter 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes. In the following example, we assume that somewhere a definition for this glyph has been provided using the elements described in chapter 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes, and given the code PrinceGlyph:

<char xml:id="PrinceGlyph">
<!-- definition of the glyph here -->
</char>
<p>The Artist formerly known as Prince <index>
  <term sortKey="Prince">
   <g ref="#PrinceGlyph"/>
  </term>
 </index>...</p>

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Note that if no value is supplied for the sortKey attribute, a sorting application should always use the content of the term element as a sort key.

It is common practice to compile more than one index for a given text. A biography of a poet, for example, may offer an index of references to poems by the subject of the study, another index of works by other writers, an index of places or historical personages etc. The indexName attribute is used to assigning index terms and locations to one or more specific indexes:

<p>Sir John Ashford
<index indexName="INDEX-PERSONS">
  <term>Ashford, John</term>
 </index> was,
coincidentally, born in
<index indexName="INDEX-PLACES">
  <term>Ashford
     (Kent)</term>
 </index>Ashford...</p>

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Multi-level indexing is particularly common in scholarly documents. For example, as well as entries such as TEI, or markup, an index may contain structured entries like TEI, markup practices, index terms, where a top level entry TEI is followed by a number of second-level subcategories, any or all of which may have a third-level list attached to them and so on. In order to reflect such a hierarchical index listing, index elements may be nested to the required depth. For example, suppose that we wish to make a structured index entry for ‘lemmatisation’ with subentries for ‘Arabic’, ‘Sanskrit’, etc. The example at the start of this section might then be encoded with nested index elements:

<p>The students understand procedures for Arabic lemmatisation
<index>
  <term>lemmatization</term>
  <index>
   <term>arabic</term>
  </index>
 </index>
...</p>

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The index entry from Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy quoted above might be generated in a similar way. To generate such an entry, the body of the text might include, at page 193, an index element such as

<index>
 <term>Women</term>
 <index>
  <term>how cause of mel.</term>
 </index>
</index>

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. Similarly, page 601 of the body text would include an index element like the following:

<index>
 <term>Women</term>
 <index>
  <term>their vices</term>
 </index>
</index>

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while the index element at page 624 would have a structure like the following:

<index>
 <term>Women</term>
 <index>
  <term>their vices</term>
  <index>
   <term>commended</term>
  </index>
 </index>
</index>

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When processing such index elements, the duplication required to make the structure explicit will normally be removed, so as to produce entries like those quoted above. However, this is not required by the encoding recommended here.

As noted above, either a processing instruction or a divGen element may be used to mark the place at which an index generated from index elements should be inserted into the output of a processing program; typically but not necessarily this will be at some point within the back matter of the document. If the divGen element is used, then the type attribute should be used to specify which kind of index is to be generated, and its value should correspond with that of the indexName attribute on the relevant index elements.

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
  <listBibl>
   <bibl> ... </bibl>
  </listBibl>
 </div>
 <divGen n="Index Nominum"
  type="INDEX-NAMES"/>
 <divGen n="Index Loci" type="INDEX-PLACES"/>
</back>

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As this example shows, the global n attribute may also be used to specify a name or identifier for the generated index itself in the usual way. Any additional headings etc. required for the generated index must be specified as content of the divGen element.

<back>
 <divGen n="A1" type="INDEX-NAMES">
  <head>An Index of Names</head>
 </divGen>
</back>

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If a processing instruction is used, then these parameters for the generated index may be supplied in some other way.

One final feature frequently found in manually-created indexes to printed works cannot readily be encoded by the means provided here, namely cross-references internal to the index term listing. For example, if all references to the TEI in a text have been indexed using the index term Text Encoding Initiative, it may also be helpful to include an entry under the term TEI containing some text such as ‘see Text Encoding Initiative’. Such internal cross-references must be added as part of the post-editing phase for an auto-generated index.

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TEI: Graphics and Other Non-textual Components⚓︎3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components

Graphics, such as illustrations or diagrams, appear in many different kinds of text, and often with different purposes. Audio or video clips may also appear. In some cases, such media form an integral part of a text (indeed, some texts—comic books for example—may be almost entirely graphic); in others the graphic or video may be a kind of optional extra. In some cases, the text may be incomprehensible unless the media is included; in others, the presence of the media adds little to the sense of the work. It will therefore be a matter of encoding policy as to whether or how media found in a source text are transferred to a new encoded version of the same. In documents which are ‘born digital’, media such as graphics and other non-textual components may be particularly salient, but their inclusion in an archival form of the document concerned remains an editorial decision.

Considered as structural components, media may be anchored to a particular point in the text, or they may float either completely freely, or within some defined scope, such as a chapter or section. Time-based media such as audio or video may need to be synchronized with particular parts of a written text. Media of all kinds often contain associated text such as a heading or label. These Guidelines provide the following different elements to indicate their appearance within a text:

figure (figure) groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration, formula, or figure.

media indicates the location of any form of external media such as an audio or video clip etc.

graphic (graphic) indicates the location of a graphic or illustration, either forming part of a text, or providing an image of it.

binaryObject provides encoded binary data representing an inline graphic, audio, video or other object.

Media files may be encoded in a number of different ways:

in some non-XML or binary format such as PNG, JPEG, MP3, MP4 etc.

in an XML format such as SVG

in a TEI XML format such as the notation for graphs and trees described in 20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

In the last two cases, the presence of the graphic will be indicated by an appropriate XML element, drawn from the SVG namespace in the second case, and its content will fully define the graphic to be produced. In the first case, however, one of the elements graphic or media is used to mark the presence of the graphic only and the visual content itself is stored outside the XML document at a location referenced by means of a url attribute. This attribute is provided by membership of these elements in the att.resourced class. Alternatively, if it is small, the media information may be embedded directly within the document using some suitable binary format such as Base64; in this case the binaryObject element may be used to contain it.

The elements graphic, media, and binaryObject are made available as members of the class model.graphicLike when this module is included in a schema. These elements are also members of the class att.media, from which they inherit the following attributes:

att.internetMedia provides attributes for specifying the type of a computer resource using a standard taxonomy.

mimeType
(MIME media type) specifies the applicable multimedia internet mail extension (MIME) media type.

att.media provides attributes for specifying display and related properties of external media.

width | Where the media are displayed, indicates the display width.
height | Where the media are displayed, indicates the display height.
scale | Where the media are displayed, indicates a scale factor to be applied when generating the desired display size.

For example, the following passage indicates that a copy of the image found in the source text may be recovered from the URL zigzag2.png and that this image is in PNG format:

<p>These were the four lines I moved in
through my first, second, third, and
fourth volumes. — In the fifth volume
I have been very good, — the precise
line I have described in it being this:
<graphic url="zigzag2.png"
  mimeType="image/png"/>
By which it appears, that except at the
curve, marked A. where I took a trip
to Navarre, — and the indented curve B.
which is the short airing when I was
there with the Lady Baussiere and her
page, — I have not taken the least frisk
...</p>

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The media elements are phrase level elements which may be used anywhere that textual content is permitted, within but not between paragraphs or headings. In the following example, the encoder has decided to treat a specific printer's ornament as a heading:

<head>
 <graphic url="http://www.iath.virginia.edu/gants/Ornaments/Heads/hp-ral02.gif"/>
</head>

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.

The figure element discussed in 15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images provides additional capabilities, for example the ability to combine a number of images into a hierarchically organized structure or a block of images. The figure element carries a type attribute, which can be used to distinguish different kinds of graphic component within a single work, for example, maps as opposed to illustrations. It also provides the ability to associate an image with additional information such as a heading or a description.

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TEI: Reference Systems⚓︎3.11. Reference Systems

By reference system we mean the system by which names or references are associated with particular passages of a text (e.g. Ps. 23:3 for the third verse of Psalm 23 or Amores 2.10.7 for Ovid's Amores, book 2, poem 10, line 7). Such names make it possible to mark a place within a text and enable other readers to find it again. A reference system may be based on structural units (chapters, paragraphs, sentences; stanza and verse), typographic units (page and line numbers), or divisions created specifically for reference purposes (chapter and verse in Biblical texts). Where one exists, the traditional reference system for a text should be preserved in an electronic transcript of it, if only to make it easier to compare electronic and non-electronic versions of the text.

Reference systems may be recorded in TEI-encoded texts in any of the following ways:

where a reference system exists, and is based on the same logical structure as that of the text's markup, the reference for a passage may be recorded as the value of the global xml:id or n attribute on an appropriate tag, or may be constructed by combining attribute values from several levels of tags, as described below in section 3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes.

where there is no pre-existing reference system, the global xml:id or n attributes may be used to construct one (e.g. collections and corpora created in electronic form), as described below in section 3.11.2. Creating New Reference Systems.

where a reference system exists which is not based on the same logical structure as that of the text's markup (for example, one based on the page and line numbers of particular editions of the text rather than on the structural divisions of it), any of a variety of methods for encoding the logical structure representing the reference system may be employed, as described in chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures.

where a reference system exists which does not correspond to any particular logical structure, or where the logical structure concerned is of no interest to the encoder except as a means of supporting the referencing system, then references may be encoded by means of milestone elements, which simply mark points in the text at which values in the reference system change, as described below in section 3.11.3. Milestone Elements.

The specific method used to record traditional or new reference systems for a text should be declared in the TEI header, as further described in section 3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems and in section 17.2.5. Canonical References.

When a text has no pre-existing associated reference system of any kind, these Guidelines recommend as a minimum that at least the page boundaries of the source text be marked using one of the methods outlined in this section. Retaining page boundaries in the markup is also recommended for texts which have a detailed reference system of their own. Line divisions in prose texts may be, but need not be, encoded.¹⁸

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TEI: Using the xml:id and n Attributes⚓︎3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

When traditional reference schemes represent a hierarchical structuring of the text which mirrors that of the marked-up document, the n attribute defined for all elements may be used to indicate the traditional identifier of the relevant structural units. The n attribute may also be used to record the numbering of sections or list items in the copy text if the copy-text numbering is important for some reason, for example because the numbers are out of sequence.

For example, a traditional reference to Ovid's Amores might be Amores 2.10.7—book 2, poem 10, line 7. Book, poem, and line are structural units of the work and will therefore be tagged in any case. (See chapter 6. Verse for a discussion of structural units in verse collections.) In such cases, it is convenient to record traditional reference numbers of the structural units using the n attribute. The relevant tags for our example would be:

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 n="1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2" type="book">
  <div3 n="1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
  <div3 n="2" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 n="10" type="poem">
   <l n="1"> ... </l>
   <l n="2"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
   <l n="7"> ... </l>
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

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One may also place the entire standard reference for each portion of the text into the appropriate value for the n attribute, though for obvious reasons this takes more space in the file:

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 n="Amores 1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 n="Amores 2" type="book">
  <div3 n="Amores 2.1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 n="Amores 2.10" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
   <l n="Amores 2.10.7"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

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If the names used by the traditional reference system can be formulated as identifiers, then the references can be given as values for the xml:id attribute; this requires that the reference be given without internal spaces, begin with a letter or underscore, and contain no characters other than letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, full stops, and the various combining and extender characters, as defined by the XML specification. Unlike values for the n attribute, values for the xml:id attribute must be unique throughout the document. Our example then looks like this:

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 xml:id="am.1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 xml:id="am.2" type="book">
  <div3 xml:id="am.2.1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 xml:id="am.2.10" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
   <l xml:id="am.2.10.7"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

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To document the usage and to allow automatic processing of these standard references, it is recommended that the TEI header be used to declare whether standard references are recorded in the n or xml:id attributes and which elements may carry standard references or portions of them. For examples of declarations for the reference systems just shown, see section 3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems.

Using the n attribute one can specify only a single standard referencing system, a limitation not without problems, since some editions may define structural units differently and thus create alternative reference systems. For example, another edition of the Amores considers poem 10 a continuation of poem 9, and therefore would specify the same line as Amores 2.9.31. In order to record both of these reference systems one could employ any of a variety of methods discussed in chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures.

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TEI: Creating New Reference Systems⚓︎3.11.2. Creating New Reference Systems

If a text has no canonical reference system of its own, a new custom reference system may be used.

The global attributes n and xml:id may be used to assign reference identifiers to segments of the text. Identifiers specified by either attribute apply to the entire element for which they are given. xml:id attributes must be unique within a single document, and xml:id values must begin with a letter. No such restrictions are made on the values of n attributes.

Determining a referencing system for a TEI encoding depends on many factors that may either be derived from textual structure, or influenced by extra-textual contingencies such as project and file management concerns. It is important, therefore, that the attribute used, the elements which can bear standard reference identifiers, and the method for constructing standard reference identifiers, should all be declared in the header as described in section 2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration.

The Guidelines do not recommend one specific method for creating new referencing systems; however, the rest of this section lists some possibly useful strategies.

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TEI: Referencing system derived from markup⚓︎3.11.2.1. Referencing system derived from markup

A new referencing system may be derived from the structure of the electronic text, specifically from the markup of the text. As with any reference system intended for long-term use, it is important to see the reference as an established, unchanging point in the text. Should the text be revised or rearranged, the reference-system identifiers associated with any section of text must stay with that section of text, even if it means the reference numbers fall out of sequence. (A new reference system may always be created beside the old one if out-of-sequence numbers must be avoided.)

A convenient method of mechanically generating unique values for xml:id or n attributes based on the structure of the document is to construct, for each element, a domain-style address comprising a series of components separated by full stops, with one component for each level of the document hierarchy. Two methods may be used. In the typed path form of identifier, each component in the identifier takes the form of an element identifier, a hyphen, and a number, for example p-2. The element name specifies what type of element is to be sought, and the number specifies which occurrence of that element type is to be selected. (The hyphen and number may be omitted if there is only one element of the given type.) In the untyped path form of identifier, each component consists of a number, indicating which element in the sequence of nodes at each level is to be selected. To make the resulting identifier a valid XML identifier, it may need to be prefixed with an unchanging alphabetic letter.

Identifiers generated with these methods should use the text element as their starting point, rather than the TEI or body elements. The TEI element may be taken as a starting point only if identifiers need to be generated for the teiHeader, which is not usually the case; using the body element as a root would prevent assignment of identifiers for the front and back matter. The component corresponding to the root element can be omitted from identifiers, if no confusion will result. In collections and corpora, the component corresponding to the root may be replaced by the unique identifier assigned to the text or sample.

In the following example, each element within the text element has been given a typed-path identifier as its xml:id value, and an untyped-path identifier as its n value; the latter are prefixed with the string AB, which may be imagined to be the general identifier for this text.

<text xml:id="Text-1" n="AB">
 <front xml:id="Front" n="AB.1">
  <div xml:id="Front.div-1" n="AB.1.1">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
  <titlePage xml:id="Front.titlePage"
   n="AB.1.2">
   <titlePart> ... </titlePart>
  </titlePage>
  <div xml:id="Front.div-2" n="AB.1.3">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <body xml:id="Body" n="AB.2">
  <p xml:id="Body.p-1" n="AB.2.1"> ... </p>
  <p xml:id="Body.p-2" n="AB.2.2"> ... </p>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-1" n="AB.2.3">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-1.head"
    n="AB.2.3.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-1" n="AB.2.3.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-2" n="AB.2.3.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-2" n="AB.2.4">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-2.head"
    n="AB.2.4.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-1" n="AB.2.4.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-2" n="AB.2.4.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

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The typed and untyped path methods are convenient, but are in no way required for anyone creating a reference system.

If the xml:id attribute is used to record the reference identifiers generated, each value should record the entire path. If the n attribute is used, each value may record either the entire path or only the subpath from the parent element. The attribute used, the elements which can bear standard reference identifiers, and the method for constructing standard reference identifiers, should all be declared in the header as described in section 2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration.

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TEI: Referencing systems based on project conventions⚓︎3.11.2.2. Referencing systems based on project conventions

A reference system may be based on an agreed project-specific convention for xml:id attributes. Every convention will have strengths and weaknesses and it is left to encoders to make a decision that enables them to locate information in their TEI document.

Here are some examples of referencing systems that have been used in TEI project:

Title-based identifiers: identifiers constructed with a number of characters from the main document title, followed by an incremental number. E.g. HOL001, HOL002, etc. using a fixed number of digits; or without fixed digits: HOL1, HOL2, etc.

Based on markup, with prefix: identifiers constructed on the markup itself, as described in the previous section. To facilitate uniqueness in a corpus, each identifier may be prefixed with the identifier of the root TEI element. E.g. RootID-Body-p-1.

Opaque identifiers: computed identifiers using either a randomized algorithm or a universally unique identifier (UUID) algorithm. Note that XSLT's function generate-id() only guarantees identifier unique to the document being processed.

XML well-formedness requires only that xml:id attributes be unique within a single document. However, it is also worth keeping in mind that for operating with referencing systems across a corpus of TEI files it is helpful (or even necessary in some circumstances) to have unique identifiers across the whole corpus.

Values of xml:id may be either populated computationally or manually. In the latter case, it is advisable to put measures in place to avoid human error. Custom data types and Schematron rules may be defined in a customization ODD, and a check digit may be added to prevent unwanted changes. ¹⁹

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TEI: Milestone Elements⚓︎3.11.3. Milestone Elements

Where the desired reference system does not correspond to any particular structural hierarchy, or the document combines multiple structural hierarchies (as further discussed in 21. Non-hierarchical Structures), simpler though less expressive methods may be necessary. In such cases the simplest solution may be just to mark up changes in the reference system where they occur, by using one or more of the following milestone elements:

milestone (milestone) marks a boundary point separating any kind of section of a text, typically but not necessarily indicating a point at which some part of a standard reference system changes, where the change is not represented by a structural element.

gb (gathering beginning) marks the beginning of a new gathering or quire in a transcribed codex.

pb (page beginning) marks the beginning of a new page in a paginated document.

lb (line beginning) marks the beginning of a topographic line in some edition or version of a text.

cb (column beginning) marks the beginning of a new column of a text on a multi-column page.

These elements simply mark the points in a text at which some category in a reference system changes. They have no content but subdivide the text into regions, rather in the same way as milestones mark points along a road, thus implicitly dividing it into segments. The elements gb, pb, cb, and lb are specialized types of milestone, marking gathering, page, column, and line boundaries respectively. The global n attribute is used in each case to provide a value for the particular unit associated with this milestone (for example, the page or line number). Since it is not structural, validation of a reference system based on milestones cannot readily be checked by an XML parser, so it will be the responsibility of the encoder or the application software to ensure that they are given in the correct order.

Milestone elements are often used as a simple means of capturing the original appearance of an early printed text, which will rarely coincide exactly with structural units, but they are generally useful wherever a text has two or more competing structures. For example, many English novels were first published as serial works, individual parts of which do not always contain a whole number of chapters. An encoder might decide to represent the chapter-based structure using div1 elements, with milestone elements to mark the points at which individual parts end; or the reverse. Thus, an encoding in which chapters are regarded as more important than parts might encode some work in which chapter three begins in part one and is concluded in part two as follows:

<text>
 <body>
  <milestone unit="part" n="1"/>
  <div1 n="1" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="3" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="part" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

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An encoding of the same work in which parts are regarded as more important than chapters might begin as follows:

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="1" type="part">
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="1"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="3"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="part">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="4"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography ⚓︎

Similarly, when tagging dramatic verse one may wish to privilege stanzas and lines over speeches and speakers, particularly where speeches cross line and line group boundaries. One might also wish to mark changes in narrative voice in a prose text. In either case, a milestone tag may be used to indicate change of speaker:

<lg>
 <milestone unit="speaker" n="Man"/>
 <l>Oh what is this I cannot see</l>
 <l>With icy hands gets a hold on me</l>
 <milestone unit="speaker" n="Death"/>
 <l>Oh I am Death, none can excel</l>
 <l>I open the doors of heaven and hell</l>
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

Milestone tags also make it possible to record the reference systems used in a number of different editions of the same work. The reference system of any one edition can be recreated from a text in which all are marked by simply ignoring all elements that do not specify that edition on their ed attribute.

As a simple example, assuming that edition E1 of some collection of poems regards the first two poems as constituting the first book, while edition E2 regards the first poem as prefatory, a markup scheme like the following might be adopted:

<milestone ed="E1" unit="work"/>
<milestone ed="E2" unit="work"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="book"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem"/>
<milestone ed="E2" unit="poem"/>
<milestone ed="E2" unit="book"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem"/>
<milestone ed="E2" unit="poem"/>

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In this case no n value is specified, since the numbers rise predictably and the application can keep a count from the start of the document, if desired.

The value of the n attribute may but need not include the identifiers used for any larger sections. That is, either of the following styles is legitimate:

<milestone ed="E1" unit="work" n="Amores"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="book" n="1"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem" n="1"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem" n="2"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="book" n="2"/>

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or

<milestone ed="E1" unit="work" n="Amores"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="book" n="1"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem" n="1.1"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem" n="1.2"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="book" n="2"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

When using milestone tags, line numbers may be supplied for every line or only periodically (every fifth, every tenth line). The latter may be simpler; the former is more reliable.

The style of numbering used in the values of n is unrestricted: for the example above, I.i, I.ii, and I.iii could have been used equally well if preferred. The special value unnumbered should be reserved for marking sections of text which fall outside the normal numbering system (e.g. chapter heads, poem numbers, titles, or speaker attributions in a verse drama).

By default, there are no constraints on the values supplied for the ed attribute. If it is felt appropriate to enforce such a restriction, the techniques described in 24.3. Customization may be used, for example to specify that the attribute must specify one of a predefined set of values.

See below, section 3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems, for examples of declarations for the reference systems just shown.

Milestone elements may be used to mark any kind of shift in the properties associated with a piece of text, whether or not would normally be considered a reference system. For example, they may be used to mark changes in narrative voice in a prose text, or changes of speaker in a dramatic text, where these are not marked using structural elements such as sp, perhaps in order to avoid a clash of hierarchies.

As noted in 3.2.2. Hyphenation above, milestone elements such as lb or pb represent whitespace and are therefore by default assumed to occur between orthographic tokens in the text, where these are not otherwise indicated. By default it is reasonable to assume that words are not broken across page or line boundaries, and that therefore a sequence such as

...sed imp<lb/>erator dixit...

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should be tokenized as four words (sed, imp, erator, and dixit). The break attribute is provided to change the default assumption. To make explicit that imperator in the above example should be treated as a single word, a tagging such as the following is recommended:

...sed imp<lb break="no"/>erator dixit...

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Where hyphenation appears at the end of a topographic line, a column, or a page, the encoder may or may not choose to record the fact, either explicitly using an appropriate Unicode character, or descriptively for example by means of the rend attribute; see further 3.2.2. Hyphenation.

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TEI: Declaring Reference Systems⚓︎3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

Whatever kind of reference system is used in an electronic text, it is recommended that the TEI header contain a description of its construction in the refsDecl element described in section 2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration. As described there, the declaration may consist either of a formal declaration using the cRefPattern or citeStructure elements, or an informal description in prose. One of the former is recommended because unlike prose they can be processed by software.

The three examples given in section 3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes would be declared as follows. The first example encodes the standard references for Ovid's Amores one level at a time, using the n attribute on the div1, div2, div3, and l tags. The header section for such an encoding should look something like this:

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

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The second example encodes the same reference system, again using the n attribute on the div1, div2, div3, and l tags, but giving the reference string in full on each tag. If canonical references are made only to lines, the reference system could be declared as follows:

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+ [0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//l[@n='$1'])"/>
</refsDecl>

bibliography ⚓︎

Since the entire regular expression is enclosed as a parenthetical subgroup, the entire canonical reference string is sought as the value of the n attribute on an l element.

In order to handle references to poems as well as to individual lines, the declaration for the reference system must be more complicated:

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+ [0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//l[@n='$1'])"/>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+ [0-9]+\.[0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div2[@n='$1'])"/>
</refsDecl>

bibliography ⚓︎

This declaration indicates that the entire reference string must be sought as the value of the n attribute on a div1, div2, div3, or l element.

The third example encodes the same reference system, this time giving the entire reference string as the value of the xml:id attribute on the relevant tags. The reference system declaration for such an encoding could be:

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.*)"
  replacementPattern="#$1"/>
</refsDecl>

bibliography ⚓︎

although in general there seems to be little advantage in this case: it is no more difficult to use a standard relative URI reference as the value of target.

In cases where a more complete formal declaration of text structure is desirable, for example in systems that will present the contents of a large TEI file in smaller chunks, the citeStructure element may be used. This method permits canonical references to be resolved and also allows them to be extracted, so that, for example, a list of resolvable citations may be generated from the document. The example from the Amores above could be implemented using citeStructure thus:

<refsDecl>
 <citeStructure unit="work" match="//div1"
  use="@n">
  <citeStructure unit="book" match="div2"
   use="@n" delim=" ">
   <citeStructure unit="poem" match="div3"
    use="@n" delim=".">
    <citeStructure unit="line" match="l"
     use="@n" delim="."/>
   </citeStructure>
  </citeStructure>
 </citeStructure>
</refsDecl>

⚓︎

citeStructure also provides a method for attaching informational properties to units of structure, by means of the citeData element. The work, book, and poem divisions above might all have head elements which provide a title for the section. If we wish that information to be extractable, we can use citeData to specify where it is to be found:

<refsDecl>
 <citeStructure unit="work" match="//div1"
  use="@n">
  <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
   use="head"/>
  <citeStructure unit="book" match="div2"
   use="@n" delim=" ">
   <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
    use="head"/>
   <citeStructure unit="poem" match="div3"
    use="@n" delim=".">
    <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
     use="head"/>
    <citeStructure unit="line" match="l"
     use="@n" delim="."/>
   </citeStructure>
  </citeStructure>
 </citeStructure>
</refsDecl>

⚓︎

The example above maps the head element to the Dublin Core property title. For convenience, property URIs may be abbreviated using prefixDef.

Reference systems recorded by means of milestone tags can also be declared; the following prose description could be used to declare the example given in section 3.11.3. Milestone Elements.

<refsDecl>
 <p>Standard references to work, book, poem, and line may be
   constructed from the milestone tags in the text.</p>
</refsDecl>

bibliography ⚓︎

Or in this way, using a formal declaration for this reference scheme derived from edition E1.

<refsDecl>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="work" delim=" "/>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="book" delim="."/>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="poem" delim=":"/>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="line"/>
</refsDecl>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Bibliographic Citations and References⚓︎3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References

Bibliographic references (that is, full descriptions of bibliographic items such as books, articles, films, broadcasts, songs, etc.) or pointers to them may appear at various places in a TEI text. They are required at several points within the TEI header's source description, as discussed in section 2.2.7. The Source Description; they may also appear within the body of a text, either singly (for example within a footnote), or collected together in a list as a distinct part of a text; detailed bibliographic descriptions of manuscript or other source materials may also be required. These Guidelines propose a number of specialized elements to encode such descriptions, which together constitute the model.biblLike class.

model.biblLike groups elements containing a bibliographic description.

bibl | (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged.
biblFull | (fully-structured bibliographic citation) contains a fully-structured bibliographic citation, in which all components of the TEI file description are present.
biblStruct | (structured bibliographic citation) contains a structured bibliographic citation, in which only bibliographic sub-elements appear and in a specified order.
listBibl | (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind.
msDesc | (manuscript description) contains a description of a single identifiable manuscript or other text-bearing object such as an early printed book.

Lists of such elements may also be encoded using the following element:

listBibl (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind.

In printed texts, the individual constituents of a bibliographic reference are conventionally marked off from each other and from the flow of text by such features as bracketing, italics, special punctuation conventions, underlining, etc. In electronic texts, such distinctions are also important, whether in order to produce acceptably formatted output or to facilitate intelligent retrieval processing,²⁰ quite apart from the need to distinguish the reference itself as a textual object with particular linguistic properties.

It should be emphasized that for references as for other textual features, the primary or sole consideration is not how the text should be formatted when it is printed or displayed. The distinctions permitted by the scheme outlined here may not necessarily be all that particular formatters or bibliographic styles require, although they should prove adequate to the needs of many such commonly used software systems.²¹ The features distinguished and described below (in section 3.12.2. Components of Bibliographic References) constitute a set which has been useful for a wide range of bibliographic purposes and in many applications, and which moreover corresponds to a great extent with existing bibliographic and library cataloguing practice. For a fuller account of that practice as applied to electronic texts see section 2.2.7. The Source Description; for a brief mention of related library standards see section 2.8. Note for Library Cataloguers.

The most commonly used elements in the model.biblLike class are biblStruct and bibl. biblStruct will usually be easier to process mechanically than bibl because its structure is more constrained and predictable. It is suited to situations in which the objective is to represent bibliographic information for machine processing directly by other systems or after conversion to some other bibliographic markup formats such as BibTeXML or MODS. Punctuation delimiting the components of a print citation is not permitted directly within a biblStruct element; instead, the presence and order of child elements must be used to reconstruct the punctuation required by a particular style.

By contrast, bibl allows for considerable flexibility in that it can include both delimiting punctuation and unmarked-up text; and its constituents can also be ordered in any way. This makes it suitable for marking up bibliographies in existing documents, where it is considered important to preserve the form of references in the original document, while also distinguishing important pieces of information such as authors, dates, publishers, and so on. bibl may also be useful when encoding ‘born digital’ documents which require use of a specific style guide when rendering the content; its flexibility makes it easier to provide all the information for a reference in the exact sequence required by the target rendering, including any necessary punctuation and linking words, rather than using an XSLT stylesheet or similar to reorder and punctuate the data.

The third element in the model.biblLike class, biblFull, has a content model based on the fileDesc element of the TEI header. Both are based on the International Standard for Bibliographic Description (ISBD), which forms the basis of several national standards for bibliographic citations. The order of child elements in both biblFull and fileDesc corresponds to the order of bibliographic description ‘areas’ in ISBD with two minor exceptions. First, the extent element, corresponding to the physical description area in ISBD, appears just after the publication, production, distribution, etc. area in ISBD, not before it as in TEI. Second, biblFull and fileDesc use the child element publicationStmt to cover not only the publication, production, distribution, etc. area but also the resource identifier and terms of availability area associated with that publication. Despite these inconsistencies, users encoding citations and attempting to format them according to a standard that closely adheres to ISBD may find that biblFull, used with its child elements and without delimiting punctuation, provides an appropriate granularity of encoding with elements that can easily be rendered for the reader. However, it is important to note that some ISBD-derived citation formats (such as ANSI/NISO Z39.29 and ГОСТ 7.1) are not entirely conformant to ISBD either, since they may begin with a statement of authorship that does not map to the ISBD statement of responsibility.

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TEI: Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References⚓︎3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

The members of the model.biblLike class all share a number of possible component sub-elements. For the bibl and biblStruct elements, exactly the same sub-elements are concerned, and they are described together in section 3.12.2. Components of Bibliographic References; for the biblFull element, the sub-elements concerned are fully described in section 2.2. The File Description.

Different levels of specific tagging may be appropriate in different situations. In some cases, it may be felt necessary to mark just the extent of the reference itself, with perhaps a few distinctions being made within it (for example, between the part of the reference which identifies a title or author and the rest). Such references, containing a mixture of text with specialized bibliographic elements, are regarded as bibl elements, and tagged accordingly. For example:

<p>A book which had a great influence on him
was <bibl>Tufte's <title>Envisioning
     Information</title>
 </bibl>, although he may
never have actually read it.</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Indeed, some encoders may find it unnecessary to mark the bibliographic reference at all:

<p>A book which had a great influence on him
was Tufte's <title>Envisioning Information</title>,
although he may never have actually read it.</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Some bibliographic references are extremely elliptical, often only a string of the form Baxter, 1983. If no further details of Baxter's book are given in the source text and none is supplied by the encoder, then the reference thus given should be tagged as a bibl:

All of this is of course much more fully treated
in <bibl>Baxter, 1983</bibl>.

bibliography ⚓︎

In general, however, normal modern bibliographic practice, and these Guidelines, distinguish between a bibliographic reference, which is a self-sufficient description of a bibliographic item, and a bibliographic pointer, which is a short-form citation (e.g. Baxter, 1983) which serves usually as a place-holder or pointer to a full long-form reference found elsewhere in the text. The usual encoding of short-form references such as Baxter, 1983 is not as bibl elements but as cross-references to such elements; see section 3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers below.

Bibliographic references encoded with bibl, biblFull, or biblStruct may link to another, possibly more detailed, bibliographic reference to the same resource using either the attribute ref or key defined in att.canonical. The ref attribute performs this linking function using a URI that may point either within or outside the TEI document, as shown in the following example:

<bibl ref="https://search.worldcat.org/title/song-of-achilles/oclc/911117343">
 <title>The song of Achilles</title> by <author>Madeline Miller</author>.
</bibl>

bibliography ⚓︎

The key attribute, on the other hand, associates a bibliographical reference with an external or project-defined identifier as demonstrated here:

<bibl key="Homer_Iliad.16">Book 16 of <author>Homer</author>'s <title>Iliad</title>.</bibl>

bibliography ⚓︎

These attributes should not be used for encoding bibliographic pointers (short-form citations); for that purpose, see section 3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers below.

In cases where the encoder wishes to impose more structure on the bibliographic information, for example to make sure it conforms to a particular stylesheet or retrieval processor, the biblStruct element should be used. Note that several of the features in this and later examples are explained later in the current section.

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

A more complex and detailed bibliographic structure is provided by the biblFull element defined in the TEI header module. This element is provided as a means of embedding the file description of one existing digital text within that of another (see further section 2.2. The File Description); however, its use is not confined to digital texts, and it may be used in the same way as any other bibliographic element, as in this example:

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Envisioning Information</title>
  <author>Tufte, Edward R[olf]</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <extent>126 pp.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn. USA</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
</biblFull>

bibliography ⚓︎

A list of bibliographic items, of whatever kind, may be treated in the same way as any other list (see section 3.8. Lists). Alternatively, the specialized listBibl element may be used. The difference between the two is that a list contains item elements, within which bibliographic elements (bibl, biblStruct, or biblFull) may appear, as well as other phrase- and paragraph-level elements, whereas the listBibl may contain only bibliographic elements, optionally preceded by a heading and a series of introductory paragraphs. For most purposes, good practice would usually require that a listBibl contain only one kind of bibliographic element, though the following example combines both fully structured biblStruct and informal bibl elements:

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

bibliography ⚓︎

This example also demonstrates the way that bibliographical markup of authors, titles, dates etc. can be handled differently in biblStructs and bibls. In the two bibl items, the key information is marked up, but it is presented in an order which makes it suitable for direct rendering, with the punctuation included.

The listBibl element is most appropriate for a more formal bibliography. The same bibl or biblStruct elements may however be embedded within an ordinary list, thus allowing them to be mixed with running prose or presented informally, as in the following version of the same example:

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Components of Bibliographic References⚓︎3.12.2. Components of Bibliographic References

This section discusses commonly occurring components of bibliographic references and elements used for encoding them. They fall into four groups:

elements for grouping components of the analytic, monographic, and series levels in a structured bibliographic reference

titles of various kinds, and statements of intellectual responsibility (authorship, etc.)

information relating to the publication, pagination, etc. of an item (most of these constitute the default members of the model.biblPart class)

annotation, commentary, and further detail

The following sections describe the elements which may be used to represent such information within a bibl or biblStruct element. Within the former, elements from the model.biblPart class, other phrase-level elements, and plain text may be combined without other constraint; within the latter, such of these elements as exist for a given reference must be distinguished, and must also be presented in a specific order, discussed further below (section 3.12.2.9. Order of Components within References).

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TEI: Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels⚓︎3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

In common library practice a clear distinction is made between an individual item within a larger collection and a free-standing book, journal, or collection. Similarly a book in a series is distinguished sharply from the series within which it appears. An article forming part of a collection which itself appears in a series thus has a bibliographic description with three quite distinct levels of information:

the analytic level, giving the title, author, etc., of the article;

the monographic level, giving the title, editor, etc., of the collection;

the series level, giving the title of the series, possibly the names of its editors, etc., and the number of the volume within that series.

In the same way, an article in a journal requires at least two levels of information: the analytic level describing the article itself, and the monographic level describing the journal.

A different identifying number may be supplied for any of these three items, that is, for the analytic item, the monographic item, or the series.

Within bibl, these three levels may be distinguished simply by the use of the level attribute on title. They may also be distinguished through the practice of employing nested bibl elements. In this example, for instance, the monograph-level component of the reference is encapsulated in its own bibl within the main bibl for the article:

<bibl type="article"
 subtype="magazine_article" xml:id="beaupaire_1911">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Beaupaire</surname>
     (<forename>Edmond</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">A propos de la rue de la Femme-sans-Tête</title>,
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="j">La Cité</title>,
 <date when="1911-01">janvier 1911</date>, pp. <biblScope unit="page" from="5" to="17">5-17</biblScope>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

bibliography ⚓︎

Within biblStruct, the levels are distinguished by the use of the following distinct elements:

analytic (analytic level) contains bibliographic elements describing an item (e.g. an article or poem) published within a monograph or journal and not as an independent publication.

monogr (monographic level) contains bibliographic elements describing an item (e.g. a book or journal) published as an independent item (i.e. as a separate physical object).

series (series information) contains information about the series in which a book or other bibliographic item has appeared.

For purposes of TEI encoding, journals and anthologies are both treated as monographs; a journal title should thus be tagged as a <title level="j"> element within a monogr element. Individual articles in the journal or collected texts should be treated at the ‘analytic’ level. When an article has been printed in more than one journal or collection, the bibliographic reference may have more than one monogr element, each possibly followed by one or more series elements. A series element always relates to the most recently preceding monogr element. (Whether reprints of an article are treated in the same bibliographic reference or a separate one varies among different styles. Library lists typically use a different entry for each publication, while academic footnoting practice typically treats all publications of the same article in a single entry.)

The biblScope element is used to supply further information about the location of some part of a bibliographic reference. It specifies where to find the component in which it appears within the immediately preceding component of a different level.

In the following example, Schacter's article Iolaos appeared on pages 64 to 70 of a volume entitled Herakles to Poseidon, which was itself the second of a four volumes published together under the title Cults of Boitia; this last title constituted the 38th volume in the series of Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies Supplements:

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the following example, the article cited has been published twice, once in a journal (where it appeared in volume 40, on pages 3 -46 of the issue of October 1986) and once as a free-standing item, which appeared as number 11 of a German language series.

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

The practice of analytic vs. monographic citation, as described here, should be distinguished from the practice of including within one citation a reference to another work, which the encoder considers to be related to in some way: see further 3.12.2.7. Related Items below.

If an identifier is available for the analytic item, it should be represented by means of an idno element placed within the analytic element, as in the following example where a DOI (Digital Object identifier) is supplied for the article in question.

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

Punctuation must not appear between the elements within a structured bibliographic entry encoded with biblStruct or biblFull, unless it is contained within the elements it delimits. When (as in most of the examples in this chapter) entries are encoded without any inter-element punctuation, they can be usually be processed more easily by rendering systems able to output bibliographic references in any of several styles.

Within a bibl however, it is possible and often convenient to include punctuation.

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

bibliography ⚓︎

This example shows the components sequenced and punctuated according to the Chicago style, with all the relevant data items marked up appropriately. This markup approach can provide easy rendering, if only one styleguide is targeted, or an original source document uses a specific styleguide, while still allowing for automated recovery of key data items such as names of authors, titles etc.

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TEI: Titles, Authors, and Editors⚓︎3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

Bibliographic references typically include the title of the work being cited and the names of those intellectually responsible for it. For articles in journals or collections, such statements should appear both for the analytic and for the monographic level. The following elements are provided for tagging such elements:

title (title) contains a title for any kind of work.

author (author) in a bibliographic reference, contains the name(s) of an author, personal or corporate, of a work; for example in the same form as that provided by a recognized bibliographic name authority.

editor contains a secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc.

respStmt (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. May also be used to encode information about individuals or organizations which have played a role in the production or distribution of a bibliographic work.

resp (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility, or an organization's role in the production or distribution of a work.

name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.

meeting contains the formalized descriptive title for a meeting or conference, for use in a bibliographic description for an item derived from such a meeting, or as a heading or preamble to publications emanating from it.

sponsor (sponsor) specifies the name of a sponsoring organization or institution.

funder (funding body) specifies the name of an individual, institution, or organization responsible for the funding of a project or text.

distributor (distributor) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the distribution of a text.

principal (principal researcher) supplies the name of the principal researcher responsible for the creation of an electronic text.

The elements author, editor, respStmt, meeting, sponsor, funder, and principal are the default members of the model.respLike class, a subclass of the model.biblPart class to which the constituents of the bibl element belong.

In bibliographic references, all titles should be tagged as such, whether analytic, monographic, or series titles. The single element title is used for all these cases. When it appears directly within an analytic, monogr, or series element, title is interpreted as belonging to the appropriate level. However, it is recommended that the level attribute be used to signal this explicitly.

It is a semantic error to give a value for the level attribute which is inconsistent with the context. The level value a implies the analytic level; the values m, j, and u imply the monographic level; the value s implies the series level. Note, however, that the semantic error occurs only if the nested title is directly enclosed by the analytic, monogr, or series element; if it is enclosed only indirectly (i.e., nested more deeply), no semantic error need be present. For example, the analytic title may contain a monographic title, as in the following example:

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this case, the analytic title ‘Notes on Manuscripts of the Prophécies de Merlin’ needs no level attribute because it is directly contained by an analytic element; the monographic title contained within it, ‘Prophécies de Merlin’, is not semantically erroneous because it is not directly contained by the analytic element.

In some bibliographic applications, it may prove useful to distinguish main titles from subordinate titles, parallel titles, etc. The type attribute is provided to allow this distinction to be recorded.

The following reference, from a national standard for bibliographic references, illustrates this type of analysis with its distinction between main and subordinate titles. Note that this uses the more flexible bibl, rather than the structured biblStruct element: consequently, there is no requirement to tag all the components of the reference (notably the authors).

<bibl>Saarikoski, Pirkko-Liisa, and Paavo Suomalainen,
<title level="a" type="main">Studies on the physiology of
   the hibernating hedgehog, 15</title>
 <title level="a" type="sub">Effects of seasonal
   and temperature changes on the in vitro glycerol release from
   brown adipose tissue</title>
 <title level="j">Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A4</title>
 <date>1972</date>
 <biblScope unit="volume">187</biblScope>
 <biblScope unit="page" to="4">1-4</biblScope>
</bibl>

bibliography ⚓︎

Slightly more complex is the distinction made below among main, subordinate, and parallel titles, in an example from the same source (p. 63). The punctuation and the bibliographic analysis are those given in ANSI Z39.29-1977; the punctuation is in the style prescribed by the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD).²² Again, it is only because this example uses bibl rather than biblStruct, that specific punctuation may be included between the component elements of the reference.

<bibl>Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich.
<title level="m" type="main">The swan lake ballet</title>
= <title level="m" type="parallel"
  xml:lang="fr">Le lac des cygnes</title>
: <title level="m" type="sub" xml:lang="fr">grand ballet en 4 actes</title>
: <title level="m" type="sub">op. 20</title>
[Score].
New York: Broude Brothers; [1951] (B.B. 59). vi, 685 p.</bibl>

bibliography ⚓︎

The elements author and editor have fairly obvious significance for printed books and articles; for other kinds of bibliographic items their proper usage may be less obvious. The author element should be used for the person or agency with primary responsibility for a work's intellectual content, and the element editor for other people or agencies with some responsibility for that content, whether or not they are called ‘editor’. An organization such as a radio or television station is usually accounted ‘author’ of a broadcast, for example, while the author of a government report will usually be the agency which produced it. A translator, illustrator, or compiler, may however be marked by means of the editor element, optionally using the role attribute to specify the nature of their responsibility more exactly.

Many bibliographic and Linked Data applications require disambiguation of author names using unique identifiers. Both the author and editor elements may contain one or more idno elements, to supply such identifiers. Alternatively, if only a single identifier is to be recorded, the key or ref attribute may be used, as further discussed in 3.6.1. Referring Strings.

<bibl>
 <author ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/95301405">John Warrack</author>. „Es waren seine letzten Töne!“
In <editor ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/263865979">Joachim Veit</editor>
and <editor ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/268371810">Frank Ziegler</editor> eds. Weber-Studien Bd. 3, Mainz (1996), pp.300–317

</bibl>

bibliography ⚓︎

For anyone else with responsibility for the work, the respStmt element should be used. The nature of the responsibility is indicated by means of a resp element, and the person, organization, etc. responsible by a name, persName, or orgName element. Strings such as ‘unknown’ may be encoded using the rs element. A respStmt should comprise either at least one of the four naming elements (name, persName, orgName, or rs) followed by one or more resp elements, or at least one resp element followed by one or more of the four naming elements.

Examples of secondary responsibility of this kind include the roles of illustrator, translator, encoder, and annotator. The respStmt element may also be used for editors, if it is desired to record the specific terms in which their role is described.

Examples of author and editor may be found in sections 3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References, and 3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels; wherever author and editor may occur, the respStmt element may also occur. When one of these elements precedes or immediately follows a title, it applies to that title; when it follows an edition element or occurs within an edition statement, it applies to the edition in question.

In this example, the respStmt elements apply to the work as a whole, not merely to the first edition:

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

bibliography ⚓︎

This example retains the original punctuation and editorial conventions of the source (ISO 690:1987) and is therefore encoded using the bibl element.

In the following example, by contrast, the respStmt element applies to the edition, and not to the collection per se (Moser and Tervooren were not responsible for the first thirty-five printings). As is permissible within a biblStruct element, the component elements have been reordered from their appearance on the title page of the volume in order to ensure the correct relationship of the collection title, the edition statement, and the statement of responsibility.

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

The party with a particular responsibility for the intellectual content may vary over time. Likewise, a given individal's responsibility or role may change over time. These situations may be recorded with the respStmt element. For example, the following could be used when one proofreader took over for another.

<respStmt>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
 <persName from="1994-02" to="1994-05">Ashley Cross</persName>
 <persName from="1994-06" to="1994-10">Loren Noveck</persName>
</respStmt>

bibliography ⚓︎

The following example records the fact that one individual had two distinctly different intellectual responsibilities at different times.

<respStmt>
 <persName>Erica Dillon</persName>
 <resp when="2000-08">annotated uncredited citations</resp>
 <resp when="2001-03">encoded named entities</resp>
</respStmt>

bibliography ⚓︎

Another form of ‘responsibility’ arises when a work is published as the outcome of a conference, workshop or similar meeting. The meeting element may be used to supply this information, as in the following example:

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Proceedings of a workshop on corpus resources</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Programme Organizer</resp>
   <name>Geoffrey Leech</name>
  </respStmt>
  <meeting>DTI Speech and Language Technology Club meeting, 3-4
     January 1990, Wadham College, Oxford</meeting>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Document Identifiers⚓︎3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

Many bibliographic references include identifiers for a work to help with precise identification of an appropriate document. For example, a book in the Short Title Catalogue could be referenced with its STC number:

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

However, some bibliographic references actually require identifiers of various types because they do not include a statement of the title and the names of those intellectually responsible for it. The following elements may be used for such purposes:

orgName (organization name) contains an organizational name.

idno (identifier) supplies any form of identifier used to identify some object, such as a bibliographic item, a person, a title, an organization, etc. in a standardized way.

classCode (classification code) contains the classification code used for this text in some standard classification system.

date (date) contains a date in any format.

For example, a citation to a patent typically includes a country or organization code (a two-character code identifying a patent authority) and a serial number for the patent (whose structure varies by patent authority). The citation might also contain a kind code (which characterizes a particular publication for the patent and which corresponds to a specific stage in the patent procedure) and the date when the patent was filed with or published by the issuing authority. For bibliographic references to patents, the above elements may be used as follows:

orgName, within authority, may be used to contain the code of the patent authority. The type attribute may be used to specify the type of patent authority (such as a national patent office or a supra-national patent organization).

idno may be used to contain the serial number assigned by the corresponding patent authority.

classCode may be used to contain the kind code of the patent document.

date may be used to contain the date of the patent document. The type attribute may be used to specify whether this corresponds to the filing date of a patent application or the publication date of a patent publication.

The following reference illustrates an encoding for a patent publication which might be cited in print as ‘United States patent US 6,885,550 B1, issued April 26, 2005’:

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">US</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">6885550</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.uspto.gov/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-04-26">April 26, 2005</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information⚓︎3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

By imprint is meant all the information relating to the publication of a work: the person or organization by whose authority and in whose name a bibliographic entity such as a book is made public or distributed (whether a commercial publisher or some other organization), the place and the date of publication. It may also include a full address for the publisher or organization. A full bibliographic references will usually also specify the number of pages in a print publication (or equivalent information for non-print materials), and possibly also the specific location of the material being cited within its containing publication. The following elements are provided to hold this information:

imprint groups information relating to the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.

address (address) contains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual.

pubPlace (publication place) contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published.

publisher (publisher) provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.

date (date) contains a date in any format.

extent (extent) describes the approximate size of a text stored on some carrier medium or of some other object, digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units.

idno (identifier) supplies any form of identifier used to identify some object, such as a bibliographic item, a person, a title, an organization, etc. in a standardized way.

Members of the model classes model.imprintPart and model.dateLike may appear inside an imprint element in a specific location within a biblStruct, or alternatively, they may appear alongside any other bibliographic component inside a bibl.

model.imprintPart groups the bibliographic elements which occur inside imprints.

biblScope | (scope of bibliographic reference) defines the scope of a bibliographic reference, for example as a list of page numbers, or a named subdivision of a larger work.
distributor | (distributor) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the distribution of a text.
publisher | (publisher) provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.
pubPlace | (publication place) contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published.

model.dateLike groups elements containing temporal expressions.

date | (date) contains a date in any format.
time | (time) contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format.

For bibliographic purposes, usually only the place (or places) of publication are required, possibly including the name of the country, rather than a full address; the element pubPlace is provided for this purpose. Where however the full postal address is likely to be of importance in identifying or locating the bibliographic item concerned, it may be supplied and tagged using the address element described in section 3.6.2. Addresses. Alternatively, if desired, the rs or name elements described in section 3.6.1. Referring Strings may be used; this involves no claim that the information given is either a full address or the name of a city.

The name of the publisher of an item should be marked using the publisher element even if the item is made public (‘published’) by an organization other than a conventional publisher, as is frequently the case with technical reports:

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

and with dissertations:

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this second example, the idno element is used to provide the identifier allocated to the thesis by the Argonne National Laboratory. Since it applies to the monographic element, the idno should be provided as a direct child of the monogr element, rather than elsewhere in the biblStruct element.

The specialist elements publisher and distributor are provided to cover the most common roles related to the production and distribution of a bibliographical item, but other roles such as printer and bookseller may also need to be encoded, and respStmt is available inside imprint for this purpose.

When an item has been reprinted, especially reprinted without change from a specific earlier edition, the reprint may appear in a monogr element with only the imprint and other details of the reprint. In the following example, a microform reprint has been issued without any change in the title or authorship. The series statement here applies only to the second monogr element.

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

This encoding can be extended to the case of patent documents, where the same patent application is published, with or without changes, at different stages of the patenting procedure. In this case, the kind code and, optionally, the publication date characterize different publications of the same patent application during the procedure. For example:

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">EP</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">1558513</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">A1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-08-03"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2009-09-09"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

The above bibliographic reference discloses different publications of the patent EP1558513 during the patenting procedure. The first publication from 3 August 2005 has the kind code "A1" indicating that it is a published patent application comprising the European search report issued after carrying out the search at the European Patent Office, whereas the second publication from 9 September 2009 has the kind code "B1" indicating that it was published after the patent application has been granted.

An alternative way of handling the above situations would be to use the relatedItem element described in section 3.12.2.7. Related Items below.

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TEI: Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations⚓︎3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

Many bibliographic citations contain data limiting the citation to one or more volumes, issues, or pages, or to a name or number of a subdivison of the host work. These come in two varieties:

the scope of a bibliographic reference (encoded using biblScope)

the range of a work cited (encoded using citedRange)

Where it is desired to distinguish different classes of such information (volume number, page number, chapter number, etc.), the unit attribute may be used with any convenient typology (see the element definitions for biblScope and citedRange for some suggested values).

A scope of a bibliographic reference defines that the entire work cited may be found in particular volumes, issues, pages, etc. For example:

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

The unit attribute on biblScope is optional: both the following are legal examples:

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Boguraev, Branimir</author>
  <author>Neff, Mary</author>
  <title level="a">Text Representation, Dictionary Structure,
     and Lexical Knowledge</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">110-112</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

⚓︎

On the other hand, a cited range encodes that the author cited only the portion defined by this range. For example, a footnote following a quotation from page 378 of Historical Editions in the States that includes a full bibliographic reference would be encoded using biblStruct as follows:

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <citedRange>378</citedRange>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Series Information⚓︎3.12.2.6. Series Information

Series information may (in bibl elements) or must (in biblStruct elements) be enclosed in a series element or (in a biblFull element) a seriesStmt element. The title of the series may be tagged <title level="s">, the volume number <biblScope unit="volume">, and responsibility statements for the series (e.g. the name and affiliation of the editor, as in the example in section 3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels) may be tagged editor or respStmt. Any identifier associated with the series itself should be marked using the idno element.

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TEI: Related Items⚓︎3.12.2.7. Related Items

In bibliographic parlance, a related item is any bibliographic item which, though related to that being defined, is distinct from it. The distinction between analytic and monographic items made above may be thought of as a special case of this kind of ‘related’ item. More usually however, the term is applied to such items as translations, continuations, different versions, parts, etc.

The element relatedItem is provided as a means of documenting such associated items:

relatedItem contains or references some other bibliographic item which is related to the present one in some specified manner, for example as a constituent or alternative version of it.

In the following example, the first biblStruct describes a facsimile edition, and the second describes the work of which it is a facsimile. The relation between the facsimile and its source is represented by means of a relatedItem within the first description, which points to the description of the source.

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

The ref element in the above example could be replaced by the referenced biblStruct itself since a relatedItem may contain any form of bibliographic reference. For example, one of the examples quoted above might also be encoded as follows:

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

The type attribute should be used to indicate the relationship between the bibliographic item and any relatedItem it contains or points to. The relationships may be transitive (for example translatedAs or reprintedFrom) or non-transitive (for example otherEdition). The subtype attribute may be used to provide a more detailed classification, where this is appropriate. Some further examples follow:

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this example, a full bibliographic description of the edition used as source for the translation is provided within the content of the relatedItem. Alternatively this might be provided by means of a link, in which case the relatedItem would be empty:

<relatedItem type="translatedFrom"
 target="http://www.example.com/bibliography.xml#TOLK97"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Notes and Statement of Language⚓︎3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language

Explanatory notes about the publication of unusual items, the form of an item (e.g. [Score] or [Microform]), or its provenance (e.g. translation of ...) may be tagged using the note element. The same element may be used for any descriptive annotation of a bibliographic entry in a database.

note (note) contains a note or annotation.

For example:

<bibl>
 <author>Coombs, James H., Allen H. Renear,
   and Steven J. DeRose.</author>
 <title level="a">Markup Systems and the Future of Scholarly
   Text Processing.</title>
 <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
 <biblScope>30.11 (November 1987): 933–947.</biblScope>
 <note>Classic polemic supporting descriptive over procedural
   markup in scholarly work.</note>
</bibl>

bibliography ⚓︎

The textLang element may be used to record information about the languages used within a bibliographic item.

textLang (text language) describes the languages and writing systems identified within the bibliographic work being described, rather than its description.

mainLang | (main language) supplies a code which identifies the chief language used in the bibliographic work.
otherLangs | (other languages) one or more codes identifying any other languages used in the bibliographic work.

This element can take the form of a simple note such as:

<textLang>Latin, with some glosses in Anglo-Saxon and French</textLang>

bibliography ⚓︎

However, it is generally recommended where feasible to use the mainLang attribute to record the chief language of the bibliographic item, and optionally the otherLangs to identify other languages used in the work. For example:

<textLang mainLang="la" otherLangs="ang fr">Latin, with some glosses in Anglo-Saxon and French</textLang>

bibliography ⚓︎

The mainLang and otherLangs attributes should both provide language identifiers in the same form as used for xml:lang as described at vi.1. Language Identification. Where additional detail is needed correctly to describe a language, or to discuss its deployment in a given text, this should be done using the langUsage element in the TEI header, within which individual language elements document the languages used: see 2.4.2. Language Usage.

A description, in French, of a work predominantly in German, but also with some Latin might have a textLang like the following:

<textLang xml:lang="fr" mainLang="de"
 otherLangs="la">allemand et latin</textLang>

bibliography ⚓︎

For more information about the use of textLang in manuscript descriptions see: 11.6.6. Languages and Writing Systems.

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TEI: Order of Components within References⚓︎3.12.2.9. Order of Components within References

The order of elements in bibl elements is not constrained.

In biblStruct elements, the analytic element, if it occurs, must come first, followed by one or more monogr and series elements, which may appear intermingled (as long as a monogr element comes first), and then zero or more of the following in any order: note, witDetail, idno, ptr, ref, relatedItem, and citedRange. Within analytic, the title(s), author(s), editor(s), and other statements of responsibility may appear in any order; it is recommended that all forms of the title be given together. Within monogr, the author, editor, and statements of responsibility may either come first or else follow the monographic title(s). Following these, the elements listed below, if present, must appear in the following order:

notes on the publication (and meeting elements describing the conference, in the case of a proceedings volume)

edition elements, each followed by any related editor or respStmt elements

imprint

biblScope

Within imprint, the elements allowed may appear in any order.

Finally, within the series information in a biblStruct, the sequence of elements is not constrained.

If more detailed structuring of a bibliographic description is required, the biblFull element should be used. This is not further described here, as its contents are essentially equivalent to those of the fileDesc element in the teiHeader, which is fully described in section 2.2. The File Description.

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TEI: Bibliographic Pointers ⚓︎3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

References which are pointers to bibliographic items, of whatever kind, should be treated in the same way as other cross-references (see section 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References). As discussed in that section, cross-referencing within TEI texts is in general represented by means of ptr or ref elements. A target attribute on these elements is used to supply an identifying value for the target of the cross-reference, which should be, in the case of bibliographic elements, a bibliographic reference of some kind. Where the form of the reference itself is unimportant, or may be reconstructed mechanically, or is not to be encoded, the ptr element is used, as in the following example:

As shown above (<ptr target="#NEL80"/>) ...

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Where the form of the reference is important, or contains additional qualifying information which is to be kept but distinguished from the surrounding text, the ref element should be used, as in the following example:

Nelson claims <ref target="#NEL80">(ibid, passim)</ref> ...

bibliography ⚓︎

It may be important to distinguish between the short form of a bibliographic reference and some qualifying or additional information. The latter should not appear within the scope of the ref element when this is the case, as for example in an application concerned to normalize bibliographic references:

Nelson claims (<ref target="#NEL80">Nelson [1980]</ref> pages 13–37)
...

bibliography ⚓︎

If it is desired to capture additional information like this in a short-form reference, then bibl may be used with the ref attribute pointing to the full bibliographic reference:

Nelson claims (<bibl ref="#NEL80">Nelson [1980] pages <biblScope unit="page" from="13" to="37">13–37</biblScope>
</bibl>) ...

bibliography ⚓︎

The ref element may also be used to provide a reference to a copy of the bibliographic item itself, particularly if this is available online, as in the following example:

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

The ptr element may be used as a child element of biblStruct to refer to the online catalog record of this bibliographic item:

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Relationship to Other Bibliographic Schemes⚓︎3.12.4. Relationship to Other Bibliographic Schemes

The bibliographic tagging defined here can capture the distinctions required by most bibliographic encoding systems; for the benefit of users of some commonly used systems, the following lists of equivalences are offered, showing the relationship of the markup defined here to the fields defined for bibliographic records in the Scribe, BibTeX, and ProCite systems.

Listed below are the equivalences between the various bibliographic fields defined for use in the Scribe and BibTeX systems of bibliographic databases and the elements defined in this module.²³ Elements and structures available in the module defined here which have no analogues in Scribe and BibTeX are not noted.

address

tag as placeName or address

annote

tag as note

author

tag as author

booktitle

tag as <title level="m"> or title within monogr

chapter

tag as <biblScope unit="chap">

date

used only to record date entry was made in the bibliographic database; not supported

edition

tag as edition

editor

tag as editor or respStmt

editors

tag as multiple editor or respStmt elements

fullauthor

use the reg element, possibly inside a choice element, inside either an author or name

fullorganization

use the reg element, possibly inside a choice element, inside a <name type="org">

howpublished

tag as note, possibly using the form <note place="inline">

institution

used only for issuer of technical reports; tag as publisher

journal

tag as <title level="j"> or title within monogr

key

used to specify an alternate sort key for the bibliographic item, for use instead of author's or editor's name; not supported

meeting

tag as meeting or as note

month

use date; if the date is not in a trivially parseable form, use the when attribute to provide a normalized equivalent in one of the format from XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition

note

tag as note

number

tag as <biblScope unit="issue"> or <biblScope unit="number">; for technical report numbers, use <idno type="docno">

organization

used only for sponsor of conference; use <name type="org"> within respStmt within meeting element

pages

tag as <biblScope unit="pp">

publisher

tag as publisher

school

used only for institutions at which thesis work is done; tag as publisher

series

tag as <title level="s"> or title within series

title

tag as title in appropriate context or with appropriate level value

volume

tag as <biblScope unit="volume">

year

tag as date; if the date is not in a trivially parseable form, use the when attribute to provide an ISO-format equivalent

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TEI: Passages of Verse or Drama⚓︎3.13. Passages of Verse or Drama

The following elements are included in the core module for the convenience of those encoding texts which include mixtures of prose, verse and drama.

l (verse line) contains a single, possibly incomplete, line of verse.

lg (line group) contains one or more verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc.

sp (speech) contains an individual speech in a performance text, or a passage presented as such in a prose or verse text.

speaker contains a specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment.

stage (stage direction) contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment.

Full details of other, more specialized, elements for the encoding of texts which are predominantly verse or drama are described in the appropriate chapter of part three (for verse, see the verse base described in chapter 6. Verse; for performance texts, see the drama base described in chapter 7. Performance Texts). In this section, we describe only the elements listed above, all of which can appear in any text, whichever of the three modes prose, verse, or drama may predominate in it.

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TEI: Core Tags for Verse⚓︎3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

Like other written texts, verse texts or poems may be hierarchically subdivided, for example into books or cantos. These structural subdivisions should be encoded using the general purpose div or div1 (etc.) elements described below in chapters 4. Default Text Structure and 6. Verse. The fundamental unit of a verse text is the verse line rather than the paragraph, however.

The l element is used to mark up verse lines, that is metrical rather than typographic lines. In some modern or free verse, it may be hard to decide whether the typographic line is to be regarded as a verse line or not, but the distinction is quite clear for verse following regular metrical patterns. Where a metrical line is interrupted by the start of a new typographic line, the encoder may choose to ignore the fact entirely or to use the empty lb (line beginning) element discussed in 3.11. Reference Systems. By convention, the start of a metrical line implies the start of a typographic line; hence there is no need to introduce an lb tag at the start of every l element, but only at places where a new typographic line starts within a metrical line, as in the following example:

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience, and<lb/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb/> and all our woe,</l>
<l>With loss of Eden, till one greater Man</l>
<l>Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat...</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the original copy text, the presence of an ornamental capital at the start of the poem means that the measure is not wide enough to print the first four lines on four lines; instead each metrical line occupies two typographic lines, with the second beginning at the point indicated. Note that this encoding makes no attempt to preserve information about the whitespace or indentation associated with either kind of line; if regarded as essential, this information would be recorded using the rend or rendition attributes discussed in 1.3.1.1. Global Attributes.

The l element should not be used to represent typographic lines in non-verse materials: if the lineation of a prose text is considered important for analysis, the beginning of each line should be marked with the lb element. Alternatively, a neutral segmentation element such as seg or ab may be used; see further discussion of these elements in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. The l element is a member of the model.lLike class, which is a subclass of the model.divPart class, along with elements from the model.pLike (paragraph-like) class.

In some verse forms, regular groupings of lines are regarded as units of some kind, often identified by a regular verse scheme. In stichic verse and couplets, groups of lines analogous to paragraphs are often indicated by indentation. In other verse forms, lines are grouped into irregular sequences indicated simply by whitespace. The lg or line group element may be used to mark any such grouping of elements from the model.lLike class. As a member of the att.typed class, the lg element bears the following attributes:

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

which may be used to further categorize the line group where this is felt desirable, as in the following example. This example also demonstrates the rend attribute to indicate whether or not a line is indented.

<lg>
 <l>Come fill up the Glass,</l>
 <l rend="indent">Round, round let it pass,</l>
 <l>'Till our Reason be lost in our Wine:</l>
 <l rend="indent">Leave Conscience's Rules</l>
 <l rend="indent">To Women and Fools,</l>
 <l>This only can make us divine.</l>
</lg>
<lg n="Chorus" type="refrain">
 <l>Then a Mohock, a Mohock I'll be,</l>
 <l>No Laws shall restrain</l>
 <l>Our Libertine Reign,</l>
 <l>We'll riot, drink on, and be free.</l>
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

For some kinds of analysis, it may be useful to identify different kinds of line group within the same piece of verse. Such line groups may self-nest, in much the same way as the un-numbered div element described in chapter 4. Default Text Structure. For example:

<lg type="sonnet">
 <lg type="octet">
  <l>Thus speaks the Muse, and bends her brow severe:—</l>
  <l>“Did I, <name>Lætitia</name>, lend my choicest lays,</l>
  <l>And crown thy youthful head with freshest bays,</l>
  <l>That all the' expectance of thy full-grown year</l>
  <l>Should lie inert and fruitless? O revere</l>
  <l>Those sacred gifts whose meed is deathless praise,</l>
  <l>Whose potent charms the' enraptured soul can raise</l>
  <l>Far from the vapours of this earthly sphere!</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="sestet">
  <l>Seize, seize the lyre! resume the lofty strain!</l>
  <l>'T is time, 't is time! hark how the nations round</l>
  <l>With jocund notes of liberty resound,—</l>
  <l>And thy own <name>Corsica</name> has burst her chain!</l>
  <l>O let the song to <name>Britain's</name> shores rebound,</l>
  <l rend="indent(-1)">Where Freedom's once-loved voice is heard,
     alas! in vain.”</l>
 </lg>
</lg>

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It is often the case that verse line boundaries conflict with the boundaries of other structural elements. In the following example, the single verse line ‘A Workeman in't... welcome’ is interrupted by a stage direction:

<l>Thou fumblest <name>Eros</name>, and my Queenes a Squire</l>
<l>More tight at this, then thou: Dispatch. O Loue,</l>
<l>That thou couldst see my Warres to day, and knew'st</l>
<l>The Royall Occupation, thou should'st see</l>
<l part="I">A Workeman in't.</l>
<stage>Enter an Armed Soldier.</stage>
<l part="F">Good morrow to thee, welcome.</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this encoding, the part attribute is used, as with div, to indicate that the last two l elements should be regarded as the initial and final parts of a single line, rather than as two lines.

The same technique may be used where verse lines are collected together into units such as verse paragraphs:

<lg n="6" type="para">
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Unprofitably travelling toward the grave,</l>
 <l>Like a false steward who hath much received</l>
 <l part="I">And renders nothing back.</l>
</lg>
<lg type="para" n="7">
 <l part="F">Was it for this</l>
 <l>That one, the fairest of all rivers, loved</l>
 <l>To blend his murmurs with my nurse's song,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

The part attribute may also be attached to an lg element to indicate that it is incomplete, for example because it forms part of a group that is divided between two speakers, as in the following example:

<sp>
 <speaker>First Voice</speaker>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>But why drives on that ship so fast</l>
  <l>Withouten wave or wind?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Second Voice</speaker>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>The air is cut away before,</l>
  <l>And closes from behind.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

For alternative methods of aligning groups of lines which do not form simple hierarchic groups, or which are discontinuous, see the more detailed discussion in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. For discussion of other elements and attributes specific to the encoding of verse, see chapter 6. Verse.

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TEI: Core Tags for Drama⚓︎3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

Like other written texts, dramatic and other performance texts such as cinema or TV scripts are often hierarchically organized, for example into acts and scenes. These structural subdivisions should be encoded using the general purpose div or div1 (etc.) elements described below in chapters 4. Default Text Structure and 7. Performance Texts. Within these divisions, the body of a performance text typically consists of speeches, often prefixed by a phrase indicating who is speaking, and occasionally interspersed with stage directions of various kinds.

In the following simple example, each speech consists of a single paragraph:

<div2 n="I.2" type="scene">
 <head>Scene 2.</head>
 <stage type="setting">Peachum, Filch.</stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Sir, Black Moll hath sent word her Trial comes on in
     the Afternoon, and she hopes you will order Matters
     so as to bring her off.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>PEACHUM.</speaker>
  <p>Why, she may plead her Belly at worst; to my
     Knowledge she hath taken care of that Security.
     But, as the Wench is very active and industrious,
     you may satisfy her that I'll soften the Evidence.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Tom Gagg, sir, is found guilty.</p>
 </sp>
</div2>

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In the following example, each speech consists of a sequence of verse lines, some of them being marked as metrically incomplete:

<div1 n="I" type="Act">
 <head>ACT I</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="Scene">
  <head>SCENE I</head>
  <stage rend="italic">Enter Barnardo and Francisco,
     two Sentinels, at several doors</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="Y">Who's there?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="I">Long live the King!</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l part="M">Barnardo?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="F">He.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>You come most carefully upon your hour.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l>'Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>For this relief much thanks. 'Tis bitter cold,</l>
   <l part="I">And I am sick at heart.</l>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

bibliography ⚓︎

In some cases, as here in the First Quarto of Hamlet, the printed speaker attributions need to be supplemented by use of the who attribute; again, the lines are marked as complete or incomplete:

<stage>Enter two Centinels.
<add place="margin">Now call'd <name xml:id="barnardo">Bernardo</name> &amp;
 <name xml:id="francisco">Francesco</name>.</add>
</stage>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Stand: who is that?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Tis I.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l>O you come most carefully vpon your watch,</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l>And if you meete Marcellus and Horatio,</l>
 <l>The partners of my watch, bid them make haste.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I will: See who goes there.</l>
</sp>
<stage>Enter Horatio and Marcellus.</stage>

bibliography ⚓︎

By contrast with the preceding examples, the following encodes an early printed edition without making any assumption about which parts are prose or verse:

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting">A tempestuous
     noise of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter
     a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall
       too't, yarely, or we run our selues a ground,
       bestirre, bestirre. <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare,
       yare: Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle:
       Blow till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

bibliography ⚓︎

The sp and stage elements should also be used to mark parts of a text otherwise in prose which are presented as if they were dialogue in a play. The following example is taken from a 19th century novel in which passages of narrative and passages of dialogue are mixed within the same chapter:

<sp>
 <speaker>The reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mr Gryll</speaker>
 <p>Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>The Reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him.
   In the first place ...</p>
 <p>Fish, Miss Gryll — I could discourse to you on fish by the
   hour: but for the present I will forbear ...</p>
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

<sp>
 <speaker>Lord Curryfin</speaker>
 <stage>(after a pause).</stage>
 <p>
  <q>Mass</q> as the second grave-digger says
   in <title>Hamlet</title>, <q>I cannot tell.</q>
 </p>
</sp>
<p>A chorus of laughter dissolved the sitting.</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Overview of the Core Module ⚓︎3.14. Overview of the Core Module

All the elements described in this chapter are provided by the core module.

Module core: Elements common to all TEI documents

Elements defined: abbr add addrLine address analytic author bibl biblScope biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit citedRange corr date del desc distinct divGen editor ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic head headItem headLabel hi imprint index item l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media meeting mentioned milestone monogr name note noteGrp num orig p pb postBox postCode ptr pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg relatedItem resp respStmt rs rt ruby said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street teiCorpus term textLang time title unclear unit

Classes defined: att.milestoneUnit

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

11

Although the way in which a spoken text is performed, (for example, the voice quality, loudness, etc.) might be regarded as analogous to ‘highlighting’ in this sense, these Guidelines recommend distinct elements for the encoding of such ‘highlighting’ in spoken texts. See further section 8.3.6. Shifts.

12

The Oxford English Dictionary documents the phrase to come down in the sense ‘to bring or put down; esp. to lay down money; to make a disbursement’ as being in use, mostly in colloquial or humorous contexts, from at least 1700 to the latter half of the 19th century.

13

Taken from Wikipedia.

14

Taken from Wikipedia.

15

In some contexts, the term regularization has a narrower and more specific significance than that proposed here: the reg element may be used for any kind of regularization, including normalization, standardization, and modernization.

16

The datatypes are taken from the W3C Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. The permitted datatypes are:

date

gYear

gMonth

gDay

gYearMonth

gMonthDay

time

dateTime

There is one exception: these Guidelines permit a time to be expressed as only a number of hours, or as a number of hours and minutes, as per ISO 8601:2004 section 4.2.2.3 and 4.3.3. The W3C time and dateTime datatypes require that the minutes and seconds be included in the normalized value if they are to be correctly processed for example when sorting.

17

https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-framework/, https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-element/, https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xmlns/, and https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xpointer/

18

Many encoders find it convenient to retain the line divisions of the original during data entry, to simplify proofreading, but this may be done without inserting an element for the beginning of each line in the original.

19

A check digit is computed from the value of an identifier and appended to the value itself. If the identifier is changed, the check digit would therefore invalidate it.

20

For example, to distinguish London as an author's name from London as a place of publication or as a component of a title.

21

Among the bibliographic software systems and subsystems consulted in the design of the biblStruct structure were BibTeX, Scribe, and ProCite. The distinctions made by all three may be preserved in biblStruct structures, though the nature of their design prevents a simple one-to-one mapping from their data elements to TEI elements. For further information, see section 3.12.4. Relationship to Other Bibliographic Schemes.

22

The analysis is not wholly unproblematic: as the text of the standard points out, the first subordinate title is subordinate only to the parallel title in French, while the second is subordinate to both the English main title and the French parallel title, without this relationship being made clear, either in the markup given in the example or in the reference structure offered by the standard.

23

The BibTeX scheme is intentionally compatible with that of Scribe, although it omits some fields used by Scribe. Hence only one list of fields is given here.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

4. Default Text Structure

Table of contents

4.1. Divisions of the Body

4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions

4.3. Grouped and Floating Texts

4.4. Virtual Divisions

4.5. Front Matter

4.6. Title Pages

4.7. Back Matter

4.8. Module for Default Text Structure

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This chapter describes the default high-level structure for TEI documents. A full TEI document combines metadata describing it, represented by a teiHeader element, with the document itself, represented by one or more text elements or other elements taken from the model.resource class. That is, the TEI element is used to group together metadata about an encoded resource (in teiHeader, specified by the header module, which is fully described in chapter 2. The TEI Header) with an encoded resource. Possible encoded resources are

a logical transcription of a source document in a text element; the text element is specified along with its high-level constituents in the textstructure module and described in the remainder of the current chapter

a diplomatic transcription of a source document in a sourceDoc element, which is specified in the transcr module and described in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources

an encoded representation of a text-bearing object as images in a facsimile element, which is also specified in the transcr module and described in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources

a collection of contextual information or annotations that provides more detail about another encoded resource (whether in the same or a different TEI document) in a standOff element, which is specified in the linking module and described in section 17.10. The standOff Container

a feature system declaration which can be used to declare the use of fs elements in the rest of the document, which is specified in the iso-fs module and described in section 19.11. Feature System Declaration

In a case in which more than one resource related to the same source document share the same metadata, they may be grouped together in a TEI element following a single teiHeader.

Because the TEI can be a child of itself, a set or collection of documents may be represented by an outermost TEI element that contains a teiHeader with metadata that is applicable to the entire set or collection of transcriptions, and then a complete TEI element for each document in the collection or set; each of these TEI elements contains a teiHeader with metadata that is applicable to the individual document, and one or more text or other elements taken from the model.resource class.

A variant on this basic form, the teiCorpus, is also defined for the representation of language corpora, or other collections of encoded texts. A teiCorpus consists of its own metadata in a teiHeader, followed by one or more complete TEI elements, each combining a teiHeader with one or more elements from the model.resource class. This permits the encoder to distinguish metadata applicable to the whole collection of encoded texts, which is represented by the outermost teiHeader, from that applicable to each of the individual TEI elements within the corpus. Further information about the organization and encoding of language corpora is given in chapter 16. Language Corpora.

Alternatively, the corpus may be represented with a TEI element (perhaps with a type of corpus) in the same manner as a teiCorpus.

In summary, when the default structure module is included in a schema, the following elements are available for the representation of the outermost structure of a TEI document:

TEI (TEI document) contains a single TEI-conformant document, combining a single TEI header with one or more members of the model.resource class. Multiple TEI elements may be combined within a TEI (or teiCorpus) element.

version
specifies the version number of the TEI Guidelines against which this document is valid.

teiCorpus (TEI corpus) contains the whole of a TEI encoded corpus, comprising a single corpus header and one or more TEI elements, each containing a single text header and a text.

teiHeader (TEI header) supplies descriptive and declarative metadata associated with a digital resource or set of resources.

text (text) contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, for example a poem or drama, a collection of essays, a novel, a dictionary, or a corpus sample.

As noted above, the teiHeader element is formally declared in the header module (see chapter 2. The TEI Header). A TEI document may also contain elements from the model.resource class (such as a collection of facsimile images, or a feature system declaration) if the appropriate module is included in a schema (see further 12.1. Digital Facsimiles and 19.11. Feature System Declaration respectively). By default, however, this class is not populated and hence only the elements TEI, text, and teiCorpus are available as major parts of a TEI document. These three elements are provided by the textstructure module described by the present chapter.

TEI texts may be regarded either as unitary, that is, forming an organic whole, or as composite, that is, consisting of several components which are in some important sense independent of each other. The distinction is not always entirely obvious: for example a collection of essays might be regarded as a single item in some circumstances, or as a number of distinct items in others. In such borderline cases, the encoder must choose whether to treat the text as unitary or composite; each may have advantages and disadvantages in a given situation.

Whether unitary or composite, the text is marked with the text tag and may contain front matter, a text body, and back matter. In unitary texts, the text body is tagged body; in composite texts, where the text body consists of a series of subordinate texts or groups, it is tagged group. The overall structure of any text, unitary or composite, is thus defined by the following elements:

front (front matter) contains any prefatory matter (headers, abstracts, title page, prefaces, dedications, etc.) found at the start of a document, before the main body.

body (text body) contains the whole body of a single unitary text, excluding any front or back matter.

group (group) contains the body of a composite text, grouping together a sequence of distinct texts (or groups of such texts) which are regarded as a unit for some purpose, for example the collected works of an author, a sequence of prose essays, etc.

back (back matter) contains any appendixes, etc. following the main part of a text.

The overall structure of a unitary text is:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </front>
  <body>
<!-- body of copy text goes here -->
  </body>
  <back>
<!-- back matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

The overall structure of a composite text made up of two unitary texts is:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for composite text -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!-- front matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </front>
    <body>
<!-- body of first unitary text -->
    </body>
    <back>
<!-- back matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <body>
<!-- body of second unitary text -->
    </body>
   </text>
  </group>
  <back>
<!-- back matter for composite text, if any -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

Finally, a floatingText element is provided for the case where one text is embedded within another, but does not contribute to its hierarchical organization, for example because it interrupts it, or simply quoted within it. This is useful in such common literary contexts as the ‘play within a play’ or the narrative interrupted by other (often deeply nested) multiple narratives.

Each of these elements is further described in the remainder of this chapter. Elements front and back are further discussed in sections 4.5. Front Matter and 4.7. Back Matter. The group and floatingText elements, used for more complex or composite text structures, are further discussed in section 4.3. Grouped and Floating Texts. Other textual elements, such as paragraphs, lists or phrases, which nest within these major structural elements, are discussed in chapter 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents, in the case of elements which can appear in any kind of document, or elsewhere in the case of elements specific to particular kinds of document.

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TEI: Divisions of the Body⚓︎4.1. Divisions of the Body

In some texts, the body consists simply of a sequence of low-level structural items, referred to here as components or component-level elements (see section 1.3. The TEI Class System). Examples in prose texts include paragraphs or lists; in dramatic texts, speeches and stage directions; in dictionaries, dictionary entries. In other cases sequences of such elements will be grouped together hierarchically into textual divisions and subdivisions, such as chapters or sections. The names used for these structural subdivisions of texts vary with the genre and period of the text, or even at the whim of the author, editor, or publisher. For example, a major subdivision of an epic or of the Bible is generally called a ‘book’, that of a report is usually called a ‘part’ or ‘section’, that of a novel a ‘chapter’—unless it is an epistolary novel, in which case it may be called a ‘letter’. Even texts which are not organized as linear prose narratives, or not as narratives at all, will frequently be subdivided in a similar way: a drama into ‘acts’ and ‘scenes’; a reference book into ‘sections’; a diary or day book into ‘entries’; a newspaper into ‘issues’ and ‘sections’, and so forth.

Because of this variety, these Guidelines propose that all such textual divisions be regarded as occurrences of the same neutrally named elements, with an attribute type used to categorize elements independently of their hierarchic level. Two alternative styles are provided for the marking of these neutral divisions: numbered and un-numbered. Numbered divisions are named div1, div2, etc., where the number indicates the depth of this particular division within the hierarchy, the largest such division being ‘div1’, any subdivision within it being ‘div2’, any further sub-sub-division being ‘div3’ and so on. Un-numbered divisions are simply named div, and allowed to nest recursively to indicate their hierarchic depth. The two styles must not be combined within a single front, body, or back element.

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TEI: Un-numbered Divisions⚓︎4.1.1. Un-numbered Divisions

The following element is used to identify textual subdivisions in the un-numbered style:

div (text division) contains a subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.

As a member of the class att.typed, this element has the following additional attributes:

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

Using this style, the body of a text containing two parts, each composed of two chapters, might be represented as follows:

<body>
 <div type="part" n="1">
  <div type="chapter" n="1">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 1 -->
  </div>
  <div type="chapter" n="2">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 2 -->
  </div>
 </div>
 <div type="part" n="2">
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 1 -->
  </div>
  <div n="2" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 2 -->
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Numbered Divisions⚓︎4.1.2. Numbered Divisions

The following elements are used to identify textual subdivisions in the numbered style:

div1 (level-1 text division) contains a first-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.

div2 (level-2 text division) contains a second-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.

div3 (level-3 text division) contains a third-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.

div4 (level-4 text division) contains a fourth-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.

div5 (level-5 text division) contains a fifth-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.

div6 (level-6 text division) contains a sixth-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.

div7 (level-7 text division) contains the smallest possible subdivision of the front, body or back of a text, larger than a paragraph.

As members of the class att.typed these elements all bear the following additional attributes:

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

The largest possible subdivision of the body is div1 element and the smallest possible div7. If numbered divisions are in use, a division at any one level (say, div3), may contain only numbered divisions at the next lowest level (in this case, div4).

Using this style, the body of a text containing two parts, each composed of two chapters, might be represented as follows:

<body>
 <div1 type="part" n="1">
  <div2 type="chapter" n="1">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 1 -->
  </div2>
  <div2 type="chapter" n="2">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 2 -->
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="part" n="2">
  <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 1 -->
  </div2>
  <div2 n="2" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 2 -->
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Numbered or Un-numbered?⚓︎4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

Within the same front, body, or back element, all hierarchic subdivisions must be marked using either nested div elements, or div1, div2 etc. elements nested as appropriate; the two styles must not be mixed.

The choice between numbered and un-numbered divisions will depend to some extent on the complexity of the material: un-numbered divisions allow for an arbitrary depth of nesting, while numbered divisions limit the depth of the tree which can be constructed. Where divisions at different levels should be processed differently (for example to ensure that chapters, but not sections, begin on a new page), numbered divisions slightly simplify the task of defining the desired processing for each level, though this distinction could also be made by supplying this information on the type attribute of an un-numbered div. Some software may find numbered divisions easier to process, as there is no need to maintain knowledge of the whole document structure in order to know the level at which a division occurs; such software may, however, find it difficult to cope with some other aspects of the TEI scheme. On the other hand, in a collection of many works it may prove difficult or impossible to ensure that the same numbered division always corresponds with the same type of textual feature: a ‘chapter’ may be at level 1 in one work and level 3 in another.

Whichever style is used, the global n and xml:id attributes (section 1.3.1.1. Global Attributes) may be used to provide reference strings or labels for each division of a text, where appropriate. Such labels should be provided for each section which is regarded as significant for referencing purposes (on reference systems, see further section 3.11. Reference Systems).

As indicated above, the type and subtype attributes provided by the att.typed class may be used to provide a name or description for the division. Typical values might be ‘book’, ‘chapter’, ‘section’, ‘part’, or (for verse texts) ‘book’, ‘canto’, ‘stanza’, or (for dramatic texts) ‘act’, ‘scene’. The following extended example uses numbered divisions to indicate the structure of a novel, and illustrates the use of the attributes discussed above. It also uses some elements discussed in section 4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions and the p element discussed in section 3.1. Paragraphs.

<div1 type="book" n="I" xml:id="JA0100">
 <head>Book I.</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0101">
  <head>Of writing lives in general, and particularly of Pamela, with a word
     by the bye of Colley Cibber and others.</head>
  <p>It is a trite but true observation, that examples work more forcibly on
     the mind than precepts: ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 1 here -->
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0102">
  <head>Of Mr. Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great
     endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors.</head>
  <p>Mr. Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to
     be the only son of Gaffar and Gammar Andrews, and brother to the
     illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 2 here -->
 </div2>
<!-- remaining chapters of Book 1 here -->
 <trailer>The end of the first Book</trailer>
</div1>
<div1 type="book" n="II" xml:id="JA0200">
 <head>Book II</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0201">
  <head>Of divisions in authors</head>
  <p>There are certain mysteries or secrets in all trades, from the highest
     to the lowest, from that of <term>prime-ministering</term>, to this of
  <term>authoring</term>, which are seldom discovered unless to members of
     the same calling ... </p>
  <p>I will dismiss this chapter with the following observation: that it
     becomes an author generally to divide a book, as it does a butcher to
     joint his meat, for such assistance is of great help to both the reader
     and the carver. And now having indulged myself a little I will endeavour
     to indulge the curiosity of my reader, who is no doubt impatient to know
     what he will find in the subsequent chapters of this book.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0202">
  <head>A surprising instance of Mr. Adams's short memory, with the
     unfortunate consequences which it brought on Joseph.
  </head>
  <p>Mr. Adams and Joseph were now ready to depart different ways ... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

bibliography ⚓︎

As an alternative (or complement) to this use of the type attribute to characterize neutrally named division elements, the modification mechanisms discussed in section 24.3. Customization may be used to define new elements such as <chapter>, <part>, etc. To make this simpler, a single member model class is defined for each of the neutrally named division elements: model.divLike (containing div), model.div1Like (containing div1), model.div2Like (containing div2), etc. For example, suppose that the body of a text consists of a series of diary entries, each of which is potentially divided into entries for the morning and the afternoon. This might be represented in any of the following ways. First, using the un-numbered style:

<body>
 <div type="entry" n="1">
  <div type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
  <div type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div type="entry" n="2">
  <div type="morning" n="2.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
  <div type="afternoon" n="2.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
 </div>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

⚓︎

Equivalently, using the numbered style:

<body>
 <div1 type="entry" n="1">
  <div2 type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="entry" n="2">
  <div2 type="morning" n="2.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="afternoon" n="2.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
 </div1>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

⚓︎

Now, assuming a customization in which a new element <diaryEntry> has been added to the model.divLike class:

<body
   xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:diaryEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
  <my:diaryEntry type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:diaryEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
  <my:diaryEntry type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

⚓︎

And finally, assuming a customization in which three new elements have been added: <diaryEntry> to the model.div1Like class, and <amEntry> and <pmEntry> both to the model.div2Like class:

<body
   xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:amEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:amEntry>
  <my:pmEntry type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:pmEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:amEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:amEntry>
  <my:pmEntry type="afternoon" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:pmEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
<!-- ... -->
</body>

⚓︎

More information about the customization techniques exemplified here is provided in 24.3. Customization.

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TEI: Partial and Composite Divisions⚓︎4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

In most situations, the textual subdivisions marked by div or div1 (etc.) elements will be both complete and identically organized with reference to the original source. For some purposes however, in particular where dealing with unusually large or unusually small texts, encoders may find it convenient to present as textual divisions sequences of text which are incomplete with reference to the original text, or which are in fact an ad hoc agglomeration of tiny texts. Moreover, in some kinds of texts it is difficult or impossible to determine the order in which individual subdivisions should be combined to form the next higher level of subdivision, as noted below.

To overcome these problems, the following additional attributes are defined for all elements in the att.divLike class:

att.divLike provides attributes common to all elements which behave in the same way as divisions.

org | (organization) specifies how the content of the division is organized.
sample | indicates whether this division is a sample of the original source and if so, from which part.

att.fragmentable provides attributes for representing fragmentation of a structural element, typically as a consequence of some overlapping hierarchy.

part
specifies whether or not its parent element is fragmented in some way, typically by some other overlapping structure: for example a speech which is divided between two or more verse stanzas, a paragraph which is split across a page division, a verse line which is divided between two speakers.

For example, an encoder might choose to transcribe only the first two thousand words of each chapter from a novel. In such a case, each chapter might conveniently be regarded as a partial division, and tagged with a div element in the following form:

<div n="xx" sample="initial" part="Y"
 type="chapter">
 <p> ... </p>
</div>

⚓︎

where xx represents a number for the chapter, and the part attribute takes the value Y to indicate that this division is incomplete in some respect. Other possible values for this attribute indicate whether material has been omitted initially (I), finally (F), or in the middle (M) of the division, while the gap element (3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions) may be used to indicate exactly where material has been omitted:

<div n="xx" part="M" type="chapter">
 <p> ... </p>
 <gap extent="2" reason="sampling"/>
 <p> ... </p>
</div>

⚓︎

The samplingDecl element in the TEI header should also be used to record the principles underlying the selection of incomplete samples, as further described in section 2.3.2. The Sampling Declaration.

The following example demonstrates how a newspaper column composed of very short unrelated snippets may be encoded using these attributes:

<div1 type="storylist" org="composite">
 <head>News in brief</head>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Police deny <soCalled>losing</soCalled> bomb</head>
  <p>Scotland Yard yesterday denied claims in the Sunday
     Express that anti-terrorist officers trailing an IRA van
     loaded with explosives in north London had lost track of
     it 10 days ago.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Hotel blaze</head>
  <p>Nearly 200 guests were evacuated before dawn
     yesterday after fire broke out at the Scandic
     Crown hotel in the Royal Mile, Edinburgh.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Test match split</head>
  <p>Test Match Special next summer will be split
     between Radio 5 and Radio 3, after protests this
     year that it disrupted Radio 3's music schedule.</p>
 </div2>
</div1>

bibliography ⚓︎

The org attribute on the div1 element is used here to indicate that individual stories in this group, marked here as div2, are really quite independent of each other, although they are all marked as subdivisions of the whole group. They can be read in any order without affecting the sense of the piece; indeed, in some cases, divisions of this nature are printed in such a way as to make it impossible to determine the order in which they are intended to be read. Individual stories can be added or removed without affecting the existing components.

This method of encoding composite texts as composite divisions has some limitations compared with the more general and powerful mechanisms discussed in section 4.3.1. Grouped Texts. However, it may be preferable in some circumstances, notably where the individual texts are very small.

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TEI: Elements Common to All Divisions⚓︎4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions

The divisions of any kind of text may sometimes begin with a brief heading or descriptive title, with or without a byline, an epigraph or brief quotation, or a salutation such as one finds at the start of a letter. They may also conclude with a brief trailer, byline, postscript, or signature. Many of these (e.g. a byline) may appear either at the start or at the end of a text division proper.

To support this heterogeneity, the TEI architecture defines five classes, all of which are populated by this module:

model.divTop groups elements appearing at the beginning of a text division.

model.divTopPart | groups elements which can occur only at the beginning of a text division.
model.divWrapper | groups elements which can appear at either top or bottom of a textual division.

model.divBottom groups elements appearing at the end of a text division.

model.divBottomPart | groups elements which can occur only at the end of a text division.
model.divWrapper | groups elements which can appear at either top or bottom of a textual division.

model.divTopPart groups elements which can occur only at the beginning of a text division.

model.headLike
groups elements used to provide a title or heading at the start of a text division.

opener | (opener) groups together dateline, byline, salutation, and similar phrases appearing as a preliminary group at the start of a division, especially of a letter.
signed | (signature) contains the closing salutation, etc., appended to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text.

model.divBottomPart groups elements which can occur only at the end of a text division.

closer | (closer) groups together salutations, datelines, bylines, and similar phrases appearing as a final group at the end of a division, especially of a letter.
postscript | contains a postscript, e.g. to a letter.
signed | (signature) contains the closing salutation, etc., appended to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text.
trailer | contains a closing title or footer appearing at the end of a division of a text.

model.divWrapper groups elements which can appear at either top or bottom of a textual division.

argument | (argument) contains a formal list or prose description of the topics addressed by a subdivision of a text.
byline | (byline) contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work.
dateline | (dateline) contains a brief description of the place, date, time, etc. of production of a letter, newspaper story, or other work, prefixed or suffixed to it as a kind of heading or trailer.
docAuthor | (document author) contains the name of the author of the document, as given on the title page (often but not always contained in a byline).
docDate | (document date) contains the date of a document, as given on a title page or in a dateline.
epigraph | (epigraph) contains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing at the start or end of a section or on a title page.
meeting | contains the formalized descriptive title for a meeting or conference, for use in a bibliographic description for an item derived from such a meeting, or as a heading or preamble to publications emanating from it.
salute | (salutation) contains a salutation or greeting prefixed to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text, or the salutation in the closing of a letter, preface, etc.

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TEI: Headings and Trailers⚓︎4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

The head element is used to identify a heading prefixed to the start of any textual division, at any level. A given division may contain more than one such element, as in the following example:

<div1 n="Etym">
 <head>Etymology</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a late consumptive usher to a
   grammar school)</head>
 <p>The pale Usher — threadbare in coat, heart,
   body and brain; I see him now. He was ever
   dusting his old lexicons and grammars, ...</p>
</div1>

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Unlike some other markup schemes, the TEI scheme does not require that headings attached to textual subdivisions at different hierarchic levels have different identifiers. All kinds of heading are marked identically using the head tag; the type or level of heading intended is implied by the immediate parent of the head element, which may for example be a div1, div2, etc., an un-numbered div, or any member of the model.listLike class. However, as with div elements, the encoder may choose to extend the model.headLike class of which head is the sole member to include other such elements if required.

In certain kinds of text (notably newspapers), there may be a need to categorize individual headings within the sequence at the start of a division, for example as ‘main’ headings, or ‘detail’ headings: this may readily be done using the type or subtype attribute. Specific elements are provided for certain kinds of heading-like features, (notably byline, dateline, and salute; see further section 4.2.2. Openers and Closers), but the type or subtype attributes must be used to discriminate among other forms of heading. These attributes are provided, as elsewhere, by the att.typed attribute class of which the head element is a member.

In the following example, taken from a British newspaper, the lead story and its associated headlines have been encoded as a div element, with appropriate model.divTop elements attached:

<div type="story">
 <head rend="underlined" type="sub">President pledges safeguards for 2,400 British
   troops in Bosnia</head>
 <head rend="scream" type="main">Major agrees to enforced no-fly zone</head>
 <byline>By George Jones, Political Editor, in Washington</byline>
 <p>Greater Western intervention in the conflict in
   former Yugoslavia was pledged by President Bush ...</p>
</div>

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In older writings, the headings or incipits may be longer than in modern works. When heading-like material appears in the middle of a text, the encoder must decide whether or not to treat it as the start of a new division. If the phrase in question appears to be more closely connected with what follows than with what precedes it, then it may be regarded as a heading and tagged as the head of a new div element. If it appears to be simply inserted or superimposed—as for example the kind of ‘pull quotes’ often found in newspapers or magazines, then the quote, q, or cit element may be more appropriate.

The trailer element, which can appear at the end of a division only, is used to mark any heading-like feature appearing in this position, as in this example:

<div type="book" n="I">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the
   first book of the ecclesiastical history of Georgius Florentinus,
   known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div>
  <head>Chapter Headings</head>
  <list>
   <item>
<!-- chapter head -->
   </item>
<!-- further chapter heads omitted -->
  </list>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four
     hundred and twelve years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five
     hundred and ninety-six years from the beginning of the world down
     to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div>
</div>

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TEI: Openers and Closers⚓︎4.2.2. Openers and Closers

In addition to headings of various kinds, divisions sometimes include more or less formulaic opening or closing passages, typically conveying such information as the name and address of the person to whom the division is addressed, the place or time of its production, a salutation or exhortation to the reader, and so on. Divisions in epistolary form are particularly liable to include such features. Additional elements for the detailed encoding of personal names, dates, and places are provided in chapter 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places. For simple cases, the following elements should be adequate:

byline (byline) contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work.

dateline (dateline) contains a brief description of the place, date, time, etc. of production of a letter, newspaper story, or other work, prefixed or suffixed to it as a kind of heading or trailer.

salute (salutation) contains a salutation or greeting prefixed to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text, or the salutation in the closing of a letter, preface, etc.

signed (signature) contains the closing salutation, etc., appended to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text.

The byline and dateline elements are used to encode headings which identify the authorship and provenance of a division. Although the terminology derives from newspaper usage, there is no implication that dateline or byline elements apply only to newspaper texts. The following example illustrates use of the dateline and signed elements at the end of the preface to a novel:

<div type="preface">
 <head>To Henry Hope.</head>
 <p>It is not because this volume was conceived and partly
   executed amid the glades and galleries of the Deepdene,
   that I have inscribed it with your name. ... I shall find a
   reflex to their efforts in your own generous spirit and
   enlightened mind.
 </p>
 <closer>
  <signed xml:lang="el">D.</signed>
  <dateline>Grosvenor Gate, May-Day, 1844</dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

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Where a sequence of such elements appear together, either at the beginning or end of an element, it may be convenient to group them together using one of the following elements:

opener (opener) groups together dateline, byline, salutation, and similar phrases appearing as a preliminary group at the start of a division, especially of a letter.

closer (closer) groups together salutations, datelines, bylines, and similar phrases appearing as a final group at the end of a division, especially of a letter.

The following examples demonstrate the use of the opener and closer grouping elements:

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

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<div type="letter" n="14">
 <head>Letter XIV: Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe</head>
 <opener>
  <dateline>Thursday evening, March 2.</dateline>
 </opener>
 <p>On Hannah's depositing my long letter ...</p>
 <p>An interruption obliges me to conclude myself
   in some hurry, as well as fright, what I must ever be,</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Yours more than my own,</salute>
  <signed>Clarissa Harlowe</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

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For further discussion of the encoding of dates and of names of persons and places, see section 3.6.4. Dates and Times and chapter 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places.

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TEI: Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts⚓︎4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

The argument element may be used to encode the prefatory list of topics sometimes found at the start of a chapter or other division. It is most conveniently encoded as a list, since this allows each item to be distinguished, but may also simply be presented as a paragraph. The following are thus both equally valid ways of encoding the same argument:

<div type="chap" n="6">
 <argument>
  <p>Kingston — Instructive remarks on early English history
     — Instructive observations on carved oak and life in general
     — Sad case of Stivvings, junior — Musings on antiquity
     — I forget that I am steering — Interesting result
     — Hampton Court Maze — Harris as a guide.</p>
 </argument>
 <p>It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you
   care to take it ...</p>
</div>

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<div type="chap" n="6">
 <argument>
  <list type="inline">
   <item>Kingston</item>
   <item>Instructive remarks on early English history</item>
   <item>Instructive observations on carved oak and life in
       general</item>
   <item>Sad case of Stivvings, junior</item>
   <item>Musings on antiquity</item>
   <item>I forget that I am steering</item>
   <item>Interesting result</item>
   <item>Hampton Court Maze</item>
   <item>Harris as a guide.</item>
  </list>
 </argument>
 <p>It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you
   care to take it ...</p>
</div>

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An epigraph is a quotation from some other work, a saying, or a motto, appearing on a title page, or at the start of a division. It may be encoded using the special-purpose epigraph element, as in the following example:

<titlePage>
 <docAuthor>E. M. Forster</docAuthor>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Howards End</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <q>Only connect...</q>
 </epigraph>
</titlePage>

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When an epigraph contains a quotation, this may often be associated with a bibliographic reference. In such cases, it is recommended additionally to group the quotation and its source together using the cit element, as in the following example:

<div n="19" type="chap">
 <head>Chapter 19</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I pity the man who can travel
       from Dan to Beersheba, and say <q>'Tis all
         barren;</q> and so is all the world to him
       who will not cultivate the fruits it offers.
   </quote>
   <bibl>Sterne: Sentimental Journey.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>To say that Deronda was romantic would be to
   misrepresent him: but under his calm and somewhat
   self-repressed exterior ...</p>
</div>

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For discussion of quotations appearing other than as epigraphs refer to section 3.3.3. Quotation.

A postscript is a passage added after the signature of a letter or, less frequently, the main portion of the body of a book, article, or essay. In English a postscript is often abbreviated as P.S. or PS, and postscripts are often introduced by labels with one of these abbreviations, as in the following example.

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

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TEI: Content of Textual Divisions⚓︎4.2.4. Content of Textual Divisions

Other than elements from the model.divWrapper, model.divTop, or model.divBottom classes, every textual division (numbered or un-numbered) consists of a sequence of ungrouped model.common elements (see 1.3. The TEI Class System). The actual elements available will depend on the modules in use; in all cases, at least the component-level structural elements defined in the core will be available (paragraphs, lists, dramatic speeches, verse lines and line groups etc.). If the drama module has been selected, then other component- or phrase- level items specialized for performance texts (for example, cast lists or camera angles) will be available, as defined in chapter 7. Performance Texts) will be available. If the dictionary module is in use, then dictionary entries, related entries, etc. (as defined in chapter 10. Dictionaries) will also be available; if the module for transcribed speech is in use, then utterances, pauses, vocals, kinesics, etc., as defined in chapter 8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts will be available; and so on.

Where a text contains low-level elements from more than one module these may appear at any point; there is no requirement that elements from the same module be kept together.

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TEI: Grouped and Floating Texts⚓︎4.3. Grouped and Floating Texts

The group element discussed in 4.3.1. Grouped Texts should be used to represent a collection of independent texts which is to be regarded as a single unit for processing or other purposes. The floatingText element discussed in 4.3.2. Floating Texts should be used to represent an independent text which interrupts the text containing it at any point but after which the surrounding text resumes.

group (group) contains the body of a composite text, grouping together a sequence of distinct texts (or groups of such texts) which are regarded as a unit for some purpose, for example the collected works of an author, a sequence of prose essays, etc.

floatingText (floating text) contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, which interrupts the text containing it at any point and after which the surrounding text resumes.

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TEI: Grouped Texts⚓︎4.3.1. Grouped Texts

Examples of composite texts which should be represented using the group element include anthologies and other collections. The presence of common front matter referring to the whole collection, possibly in addition to front matter relating to each individual text, is a good indication that a given text might usefully be encoded in this way; this structure may be found useful in other circumstances too.

For example, the overall structure of a collection of short stories might be encoded as follows:

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

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A text which is a member of a group may itself contain groups. This is quite common in collections of verse, but may happen in any kind of text. As an example, consider the overall structure of a typical collection, such as the Muses Library edition of Crashaw's poetry. Following a critical introduction and table of contents, this work contains the following major sections:

Steps to the Temple (a collection of verse as published in 1648)

Carmen deo Nostro (a second collection, published in 1652)

The Delights of the Muses (a third collection, published in 1648)

Posthumous Poems, I (a collection of fragments all taken from a single manuscript)

Posthumous Poems, II (a further collection of fragments, taken from a different manuscript)

The first three of these collections each has a reasonable claim to be considered as a text in its own right, and may therefore be encoded as such. It is rather more arbitrary as to whether the two posthumous collections should be treated as two groups, following the practice of the Muses Library edition. An encoder might elect to combine the two into a single group or simply to treat each fragment as an ungrouped unitary text.

The Muses Library edition reprints the whole of each of the three original collections, including their original front matter (title pages, dedications etc.). These should be encoded using the front element and its constituents (on which see further section 4.5. Front Matter), while the body of each collection should be encoded as a single group element. Each individual poem within the collections should be encoded as a distinct text element. The beginning of the whole collection would thus appear as follows (for further discussion of the use of the elements div and lg for textual subdivision of verse, see section 3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse and chapter 6. Verse):

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

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The group element may be used in this way to encode any kind of collection of which the constituents are regarded by the encoder as texts in their own right. Examples include anthologies or collections of verse or prose by multiple authors, florilegia, or commonplace books, journals, day books, etc. As a fairly typical example, we consider The Norton Book of Travel, an anthology edited by Paul Fussell and published in 1987 by W. W. Norton. This work comprises the following major sections:

Front matter (title page, acknowledgments, introductory essay)

The Beginnings

The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour

The Heyday

Touristic Tendencies

Post Tourism

Back matter (permissions list, index)

Each titled section listed above comprises a group of extracts or complete texts from writers of a given historical period, preceded by an introductory essay. For example, the second group listed above contains, inter alia, the following:

Prefatory essay

Five letters by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

An extract from Swift's Gulliver's Travels

Two poems by Alexander Pope

Two extracts from Boswell's Journal

A poem by William Blake

Each group of writings by a single author is preceded by a brief biographical notice. Some of the extracts are quite lengthy, containing several chapters or other divisions; others are quite short. As the above list indicates, the texts included range across all kinds of material: verse, prose, journals and letters.

The easiest way of encoding such an anthology is to treat each individual extract as a text in its own right. A sequence of texts by a single author, together with the biographical note preceding it, can then be treated as a single group element within the larger group formed by the section. The sequence of single or composite texts making up a single section of the work is likewise treated, together with its prefatory essay, as a single group within the work. Schematically:

<text>
<!-- the whole anthology -->
 <front>
<!-- title page, acknowledgments, introductory essay -->
 </front>
 <group>
<!-- body of anthology starts here -->
  <group>
   <head>The Beginnings</head>
<!-- sequence of texts or groups -->
  </group>
  <group>
<!-- The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour -->
   <text>
<!-- prefatory essay by editor -->
   </text>
   <group>
<!-- Section on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first letter -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second letter -->
    </text>
<!-- ... -->
   </group>
<!-- end of Montagu section -->
   <text>
<!-- single text by Jonathan Swift starts -->
    <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </front>
    <body/>
   </text>
<!-- end of Swift section -->
   <group>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first poem -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second poem -->
    </text>
   </group>
<!-- end of Pope section -->
<!-- ... -->
  </group>
<!-- end of 18th century section -->
  <group>
   <head>The Heyday</head>
<!-- texts and subgroups -->
  </group>
<!-- ... -->
 </group>
<!-- end of the anthology proper -->
 <back>
<!-- back matter for anthology -->
 </back>
</text>

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Note that the editor's introductory essays on each author may be treated as texts in their own right (as the essays on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Alexander Pope have been treated above), or as front matter to the embedded text, as the essay on Swift has been. The treatment in the example is intentionally inconsistent, to allow comparison of the two approaches. Consistency can be imposed either by treating the Swift section as a group containing one text by Swift and one by the editor, or by treating the Montagu and Pope sections as text elements containing the editor's essays as front matter. Marked in the second way, the Pope section of the book would look like this:

<text>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
 <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first poem -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second poem -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of Pope section-->

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The essays on ‘The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour’ and other larger sections could also be tagged as ‘front’ matter in the same way, by treating the larger sections as text elements rather than group elements.

Where, as in this case, an anthology contains different kinds of text (for example, mixtures of prose and drama, or transcribed speech and dictionary entries, or letters and verse), the elements to be encoded will of course be drawn from more than one module. The elements provided by the core module described in chapter 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents should however prove adequate for most simple purposes, where prose, drama, and verse are combined in a single collection.

For anthologies of short extracts such as commonplace books, it may often be preferable to regard each extract not as a text in its own right but simply as a quotation or cit element. The following component-level elements may be used to encode quotations of this kind:

cit (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example.

quote (quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text.

For example, the chapter of ‘extracts’ which appears in the front matter of Melville's Moby Dick might be encoded as follows:

<div n="2" type="chap">
 <head>Extracts</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a sub-sub-Librarian)</head>
 <p>It will be seen that this mere painstaking burrower and
   grubworm of a poor devil of a Sub-Sub appears to have gone
   through the long Vaticans and street-stalls of the earth,
   picking up whatever random allusions to whales he could
   anyways find ...
   Here ye strike but splintered hearts together — there,
   ye shall strike unsplinterable glasses!</p>
 <p>
  <cit>
   <quote>And God created great whales.</quote>
   <bibl>Genesis</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Leviathan maketh a path to shine after him;</l>
    <l>One would think the deep to be hoary.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>Job</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>By art is created that great Leviathan,
       called a Commonwealth or State — (in Latin,
   <mentioned xml:lang="la">civitas</mentioned>), which
       is but an artificial man.</quote>
   <bibl>Opening sentence of Hobbes's Leviathan</bibl>
  </cit>
 </p>
</div>

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For more information on the use of the quote and bibl elements, see sections 3.3.3. Quotation and 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References respectively.

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TEI: Floating Texts⚓︎4.3.2. Floating Texts

An important characteristic of the unitary or composite text structures discussed so far is that they can be regarded as forming what is mathematically known as a tesselation covering the whole of the available text (or text division) at each hierarchic level. Just as an XML document has a single root element containing a single tree, each node of which forms a properly nested sub-tree, so it seems natural to think of the internal structure of a text as decomposable hierarchically into subparts, each of which is a properly nested subtree. While this is undoubtedly true of a large number of documents, it is not true of all. In particular, it is not true of texts which are only partly tesselated at a given level. For example, if a text A is contained by text B in such a way that part of B precedes A and part follows it, we cannot tesselate the whole of B. In such a case, we say that text A is a ‘floating’ text.

The floatingText element is a member of the model.divPart class, and can thus appear within any division level element in the same way as a paragraph. For example, texts such as the Decameron or the Arabian Nights might be regarded as containing many floating texts embedded within another single text, the framing narrative, rather than as groups of discrete texts in which the fragments of framing narrative are regarded as front or back matter.

As an example, we consider an 18th century text The Lining to the Patch-Work Screen, by Jane Barker (1726). This lengthy narrative contains nearly a hundred distinct ‘tales’ embedded (as the title suggests) in a single patchwork. The work begins by introducing the central character, Galecia, but within a few pages launches into a distinct narrative, the story of Captain Manly:

<p>Galecia one Evening setting alone in her Chamber by a clear Fire,
and a clean Hearth [...] reflected on the Providence of our
All-wise and Gracious Creator [...] </p>
<p>She was thus ruminating, when a Gentleman enter'd the Room, the
Door being a jar [...] calling for a Candle, she beg'd a thousand
Pardons, engaged him to sit down, and let her know, what had so long
conceal'd him from her Correspondence.
</p>
<pb n="5"/>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Story of <hi>Captain Manly</hi>
  </head>
  <p>Dear Galecia, said he, though you partly know the loose, or rather
     lewd Life that I led in my Youth; yet I can't forbear relating part of
     it to you by way of Abhorrence...

<!-- Captain Manly's story here -->
     I had lost and spent all I had in the World; in which I verified the
     Old Proverb, That a Rolling Stone never gathers Moss,
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="37"/>

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Following the conclusion of Captain Manly's tale, we are returned to Galecia, and almost immediately after that into two further stories. However, the Galecia narrative returns between each of the texts, which is why we choose to represent them as floatingTexts:

<p>The Gentleman having finish'd his Story, Galecia waited on him to
the Stairs-head; and at her return, casting her Eyes on the Table, she
saw lying there an old dirty rumpled Book, and found in it the
following story: </p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <p> IN the time of the Holy War when
     Christians from all parts went into the Holy Land to oppose the Turks;
     Amongst these there was a certain English Knight...</p>
<!-- rest of story here -->
  <p>The King graciously pardoned the Knight; Richard was kindly receiv'd
     into his Convent, and all things went on in good order: But from hence
     came the Proverb, We must not strike <hi>Robert</hi> for
  <hi>Richard.</hi>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="43"/>
<p>By this time Galecia's Maid brought up her Supper; after which she
cast her Eyes again on the foresaid little Book, where she found the
following Story, which she read through before she went to bed.
</p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Cause of the Moors Overrunning
  <hi>Spain</hi>
  </head>
  <p>King ———— of Spain at his Death, committed the Government of his
     Kingdom to his Brother Don ——— till his little Son should come of
     Age ...</p>
  <p>Thus the little Story ended, without telling what Misery
     befel the King and Kingdom, by the Moors, who over ran the Country for
     many Years after. To which, we may well apply the Proverb,
  <quote>
    <l>Who drives the Devil's Stages,</l>
    <l>Deserves the Devil's Wages</l>
   </quote>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<p>The reading this Trifle of a Story detained Galecia from her Rest
beyond her usual Hour; for she slept so sound the next Morning, that
she did not rise, till a Lady's Footman came to tell her, that his
Lady and another or two were coming to breakfast with her...
</p>

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In other multi-narrative texts, the individual nested tales may have greater significance than the framing narratives, and it may therefore be preferable to treat the fragments of framing narrative as front or back matter associated with each nested tale. This is commonly done, for example, in texts such as Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, where each tale is typically presented with front matter in which the teller of the tale is introduced, and back matter in which the pilgrims comment on it.

It is important to distinguish between the uses of floatingText and quote. Whereas the semantics of quote suggest that its content derives from a source external to the current text, floatingText carries no such implication and is simply used whenever the richer content model that it provides is required to support the markup of a part of a text that is presented as a discrete ‘inclusion.’ In some cases, such inclusions could be considered external (e.g., enclosures, attachments, etc.); often however, as in the examples above, the included text bears no signs of emanating from outside.

floatingText and quote may be used in combination. For a text with rich internal structure that is quoted at length, floatingText might be used within quote. Also, like a unitary text, floatingText may include one or more quoted sections, each marked with a quote element.

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TEI: Virtual Divisions⚓︎4.4. Virtual Divisions

Where the whole of a division can be automatically generated, for example because it is derived from another part of this or another document, an encoder may prefer not to represent it explicitly but instead simply mark its location by means of a processing instruction, or by using the special purpose divGen element:

divGen (automatically generated text division) indicates the location at which a textual division generated automatically by a text-processing application is to appear.

This element is made available by the model.divGenLike class of which it is the sole element. The divGen element is a member of the att.typed class, from which it inherits the type and subtype attributes. It may appear wherever a div or div1 (div2, etc.) element may appear.

For example, if the table of contents (toc) for a given work is simply derived by copying the first head element from each div element in a text, it might be more easily encoded as follows:

<divGen type="toc"/>

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Similarly, in a digital edition combining a transcribed version of some text with a translated version of it, it may be desired to represent the transcript, the translation, and an aligned version of the two as three distinct divisions. This could be achieved by an encoding like the following:

<div>
<!-- transcript here-->
</div>
<div>
<!-- translation here -->
</div>
<divGen type="alignment"/>

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The processing to be carried out when a divGen element is rendered will be determined by the application program or stylesheet in use: the function of the TEI markup is simply to identify the location at which the virtual division is to be generated, and also to provide some information about the kind of division to be generated. As such it may be regarded as a special kind of processing instruction, and could equally well be represented by one.

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TEI: Front Matter⚓︎4.5. Front Matter

By front matter we mean distinct sections of a text (usually, but not necessarily, a printed one), prefixed to it by way of introduction or identification as a part of its production. Features such as title pages or prefaces are clear examples; a less definite case might be the prologue attached to a play. The front matter of an encoded text should not be confused with the TEI header described in chapter 2. The TEI Header, which serves as a kind of front matter for the computer file itself, not the text it encodes.

An encoder may choose simply to ignore the front matter in a text, if the original presentation of the work is of no interest, or for other reasons; alternatively some or all components of the front matter may be thought worth including with the text as components of the front element.²⁴ With the exception of the title page, (on which see section 4.6. Title Pages), front matter should be encoded using the same elements as the rest of a text. As with the divisions of the text body, no other specific tags are proposed here for the various kinds of subdivision which may appear within front matter: instead either numbered or un-numbered div elements may be used. The following suggested values²⁵ for the type attribute may be used to distinguish various kinds of division characteristic of front matter:

preface

A foreword or preface addressed to the reader in which the author or publisher explains the content, purpose, or origin of the text.

ack

A formal declaration of acknowledgment by the author in which persons and institutions are thanked for their part in the creation of a text.

dedication

A formal offering or dedication of a text to one or more persons or institutions by the author.

abstract

A summary of the content of a text as continuous prose.

contents

A table of contents, specifying the structure of a work and listing its constituents. The list element should be used to mark its structure.

frontispiece

A pictorial frontispiece, possibly including some text.

The following extended example demonstrates how various parts of the front matter of a text may be encoded. The front part begins with a title page, which is presented in section 4.6. Title Pages below. This is followed by a dedication and a preface, each of which is encoded as a distinct div:

<div type="dedication">
 <p>To my parents, Ida and Max Fish</p>
</div>
<div type="preface">
 <head>Preface</head>
 <p>The answer this book gives to its title question is <q>there is
     and there isn't</q>.</p>
 <p>Chapters 1–12 have been previously published in the
   following journals and collections:
 <list>
   <item>chapters 1 and 3 in <title>New literary History</title>
   </item>
   <item>chapter 10 in <title>Boundary II</title> (1980)</item>
  </list>.
   I am grateful for permission to reprint.</p>
 <signed>S.F.</signed>
</div>

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The front matter concludes with another div element, shown in the next example, this time containing a table of contents, which contains a list element (as described in section 3.8. Lists). Note the use of the ptr element to provide page-references: the implication here is that the target identifiers supplied (fish1, fish2, etc.) will correspond with identifiers used for the div elements containing chapters of the text itself. (For the ptr element, see 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References.)

<div type="contents">
 <head>Contents</head>
 <list>
  <item>Introduction, or How I stopped Worrying and Learned to Love
     Interpretation <ptr target="#fish1"/>
  </item>
  <item>
   <list>
    <head>Part One: Literature in the Reader</head>
    <item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
    <ptr target="#fish2"/>
    </item>
    <item n="2">What is Stylistics and Why Are They Saying Such
         Terrible Things About It? <ptr target="#fish3"/>
    </item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</div>
<div xml:id="fish1">
 <head>Introduction</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish2">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish3">
 <head>What is stylistics?</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

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Alternatively, the pointers in the index might link to the page beginnings at which a chapter begins, assuming that these have been included in the markup:

<!-- ... --><item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
<ref target="#fish-p24">24</ref>
</item>
<!-- ... -->
<div type="chapter">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
 <pb xml:id="fish-p24"/>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<!-- ... -->

⚓︎

The following example uses numbered divisions to mark up the front matter of a medieval text. Note that in this case no title page in the modern sense occurs; the title is simply given as a heading at the start of the front matter. Note also the use of the type attribute on the div elements to indicate document elements comparatively unusual in modern books such as the initial prayer:

<front>
 <div1 type="incipit">
  <p>Here bygynniþ a book of contemplacyon, þe whiche
     is clepyd <title>þE CLOWDE OF VNKNOWYNG</title>,
     in þe whiche a soule is onyd wiþ GOD.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="prayer">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe preyer on þe prologe.</head>
  <p>God, unto whom alle hertes ben open, &amp; unto whome alle wille
     spekiþ, &amp; unto whom no priue þing is hid: I beseche
     þee so for to clense þe entent of myn hert wiþ þe
     unspekable 3ift of þi grace, þat I may parfiteliche
     loue þee &amp; worþilich preise þee. Amen.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="preface">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe prolog.</head>
  <p>In þe name of þe Fader &amp; of þe Sone &amp;
     of þe Holy Goost.</p>
  <p>I charge þee &amp; I beseeche þee, wiþ as moche
     power &amp; vertewe as þe bonde of charite is sufficient
     to suffre, what-so-euer þou be þat þis book schalt
     haue in possession ...</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="contents">
  <head>Here biginneþ a table of þe chapitres.</head>
  <list>
   <label>þe first chapitre </label>
   <item>Of foure degrees of Cristen mens leuing; &amp; of þe
       cours of his cleping þat þis book was maad vnto.</item>
   <label>þe secound chapitre</label>
   <item>A schort stering to meeknes &amp; to þe werk of þis
       book</item>
   <label>þe fiue and seuenti chapitre</label>
   <item>Of somme certein tokenes bi þe whiche a man may proue
       wheþer he be clepid of God to worche in þis werk.</item>
  </list>
  <trailer>&amp; here eendeþ þe table of þe chapitres.</trailer>
 </div1>
</front>

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If, however, the table of contents can be automatically generated from the remainder of the text, it may be preferable simply to mark its presence, either by means of an empty divGen element or by using an appropriate processing instruction.

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TEI: Title Pages⚓︎4.6. Title Pages

Detailed analysis of the title page and other preliminaries of older printed books and manuscripts is of major importance in descriptive bibliography and the cataloguing of printed books; such analysis may require a rather more detailed module than that proposed here. The following elements are suggested as a means of encoding the major features of most title pages:

titlePage (title page) contains the title page of a text, appearing within the front or back matter.

docTitle (document title) contains the title of a document, including all its constituents, as given on a title page.

titlePart (title part) contains a subsection or division of the title of a work, as indicated on a title page.

type
(type) specifies the role of this subdivision of the title. Suggested values include: 1] main (main); 2] sub (subordinate); 3] alt (alternate); 4] short (short); 5] desc (descriptive)

argument (argument) contains a formal list or prose description of the topics addressed by a subdivision of a text.

byline (byline) contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work.

docAuthor (document author) contains the name of the author of the document, as given on the title page (often but not always contained in a byline).

epigraph (epigraph) contains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing at the start or end of a section or on a title page.

imprimatur (imprimatur) contains a formal statement authorizing the publication of a work, sometimes required to appear on a title page or its verso.

docEdition (document edition) contains an edition statement as presented on a title page of a document.

docImprint (document imprint) contains the imprint statement (place and date of publication, publisher name), as given (usually) at the foot of a title page.

docDate (document date) contains the date of a document, as given on a title page or in a dateline.

graphic (graphic) indicates the location of a graphic or illustration, either forming part of a text, or providing an image of it.

These elements constitute the model.titlepagePart class. Together with the figure element described in chapter 15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music, any number of elements from this class can appear within a titlePage element. The figure element is included so as to enable encoders to record the presence of complex non-textual material on a title page. For simple cases such as printers' ornaments or illustrations the graphic element discussed in section 3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components should be adequate.

The elements listed above, together with the head element, also constitute the class model.pLike.front. The elements in this class can appear within a minimal front element without any need to group them together and encode a complete title page.

Encoders wishing to add new elements to either class may do so using the methods described in section 24.3. Customization. Two examples of the use of these elements follow. First, the title page of the work discussed earlier in this section:

<front>
 <titlePage>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Is There a Text in This Class?</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub">The Authority of Interpretive Communities</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docAuthor>Stanley Fish</docAuthor>
  <docImprint>
   <publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Cambridge, Massachusetts</pubPlace>
   <pubPlace>London, England</pubPlace>
  </docImprint>
 </titlePage>
</front>

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Second, a characteristically verbose 17th century example. Note the use of the lb tag to mark the line beginnings of the original where necessary:

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

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Where, as here, it is considered important to encode salient features of the way a title page was originally rendered, the techniques exemplified in 2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration may also be useful.

Where title pages are encoded, their physical rendition is often of considerable importance. One approach to this requirement would be to use the seg tag, described in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment, to segment the typographic content of each part of the title page, and then use the global rend attribute to specify its rendition. Another would be to use a module specialized for the description of typographic entities such as pages, lines, rules, etc., bearing special-purpose attributes to describe line-height, leading, degree of kerning, font, etc. Further discussion of these problems is provided in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources.

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TEI: Back Matter⚓︎4.7. Back Matter

Conventions vary as to which elements are grouped as back matter and which as front. For example, some books place the table of contents at the front, and others at the back. Even title pages may appear at the back of a book as well as at the front. The content model for back and front elements are therefore identical.

The following suggested values may be used for the type attribute on all division elements, in order to distinguish various kinds of division characteristic of back matter:

appendix

An ancillary self-contained section of a work, often providing additional but in some sense extra-canonical text.

glossary

A list of terms associated with definition texts (‘glosses’): this should be encoded as a <list type="gloss"> (see section 3.8. Lists).

notes

A section in which textual or other kinds of notes are gathered together.

bibliogr

A list of bibliographic citations: this should be encoded as a listBibl (see section 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References).

index

Any form of index to the work.

colophon

A statement appearing at the end of a book describing the conditions of its physical production.

No additional elements are proposed for the encoding of back matter at present. Some characteristic examples follow; first, an index (for the case in which a printed index is of sufficient interest to merit transcription):

<back>
 <div type="index">
  <head>Index</head>
  <list type="index">
   <item>Actors, public, paid for the contempt attending
       their profession, <ref>263</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Africa, cause assigned for the barbarous state of
       the interior parts of that continent, <ref>125</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Agriculture
   <list type="indexentry">
     <item>ancient policy of Europe unfavourable to, <ref>371</ref>
     </item>
     <item>artificers necessary to carry it on, <ref>481</ref>
     </item>
     <item>cattle and tillage mutually improve each other, <ref>325</ref>
     </item>
     <item>wealth arising from more solid than that which proceeds
           from commerce <ref>520</ref>
     </item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref>461</ref>
   </item>
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

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Note that if the pagination in the original source have also been explicitly encoded, and given identifiers, the references to them in the above index can more usefully be recorded as links. For example, assuming that the encoding of page 461 of the original source starts like this:

<pb xml:id="P461"/>

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then the last item above might be encoded more usefully in either of the following forms:

<item>Alehouses, the number of, not
the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref target="#P461">461</ref>
</item>
<item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ptr target="#P461"/>
</item>

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Next, a back-matter division in epistolary form:

<back>
 <div type="letter">
  <head>A letter written to his wife, founde with this booke
     after his death.</head>
  <p>The remembrance of the many wrongs offred thee, and thy
     unreproued vertues, adde greater sorrow to my miserable state,
     than I can utter or thou conceiue. ...
     ... yet trust I in the world to come to find mercie, by the
     merites of my Saiuour to whom I commend thee, and commit
     my soule.</p>
  <signed>Thy repentant husband for his disloyaltie,
  <name>Robert Greene.</name>
  </signed>
  <epigraph xml:lang="la">
   <p>Faelicem fuisse infaustum</p>
  </epigraph>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </div>
</back>

bibliography ⚓︎

And finally, a list of corrigenda and addenda with pseudo-epistolary features:

<back>
 <div type="corrigenda">
  <head>Addenda</head>
  <salute xml:lang="la">M. Scriblerus Lectori</salute>
  <p>Once more, gentle reader I appeal unto thee, from the shameful
     ignorance of the Editor, by whom Our own Specimen of
  <name>Virgil</name> hath been mangled in such miserable manner, that
     scarce without tears can we behold it. At the very entrance, Instead
     of <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγομενα</q>, lo!
  <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγωμενα</q> with an Omega!
     and in the same line <q xml:lang="la">consulâs</q> with a circumflex!
     In the next page thou findest <q xml:lang="la">leviter perlabere</q>,
     which his ignorance took to be the infinitive mood of
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabor</q> but ought to be
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabi</q> ... Wipe away all these
     monsters, Reader, with thy quill.</p>
 </div>
</back>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Module for Default Text Structure⚓︎4.8. Module for Default Text Structure

The module described by the present chapter has the following components:

Module textstructure: Default text structure

Elements defined: TEI argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

24

This decision should be recorded in the samplingDecl element of the header.

25

As with all lists of ‘suggested values’ for attributes, it is recommended that software written to handle TEI-conformant texts be prepared to recognize and handle these values when they occur, without limiting the user to the values in this list.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

Table of contents

5.1. Is Your Journey Really Necessary?

5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

5.3. Annotating Characters

5.4. Adding New Characters

5.5. How to Use Code Points from the Private Use Area

5.6. Writing Modes

5.7. Examples of Different Writing Modes

5.8. Text Rotation

5.9. Caveat

5.10. Formal Definition

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Chapter vi. Languages and Character Sets introduced the fundamental notions of language identification and character representation in an encoded TEI document. In this chapter we discuss some additional issues relating to the way that written language is represented in a TEI document. In sections 5.1. Is Your Journey Really Necessary? and 5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs we introduce markup which may be used to represent and document non-standard characters, that is, written symbols for which no codepoint exists in Unicode. The same markup may be used to annotate existing characters according to their visual or other properties, and thus process them as distinct glyphs (see section 5.3. Annotating Characters), or to define new characters or glyphs (section 5.4. Adding New Characters). We also provide recommendations concerning the Unicode Private Use Area (5.5. How to Use Code Points from the Private Use Area. Finally, in section 5.6. Writing Modes we discuss ways of documenting the writing mode used in a source text, that is, the directionality of the script, the orientation of individual characters, and related questions.

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TEI: Is Your Journey Really Necessary?⚓︎5.1. Is Your Journey Really Necessary?

Despite the availability of Unicode, text encoders still sometimes find that the published repertoire of available characters is inadequate to their needs. This is particularly the case when dealing with ancient languages, for which encoding standards do not yet exist, or where an encoder wishes to represent variant forms of a character or glyphs. The module defined by this chapter provides a mechanism to satisfy that need, while retaining compatibility with standards.

When encoders encounter some graphical unit in a document which is to be represented electronically, the first issue to be resolved should be ‘Is this really a different character?’ To determine whether a particular graphical unit is a character or not, see Terminology and Key Concepts.

If the unit is indeed determined to be a character, the next question should be ‘Has this character been encoded already?’ In order to determine whether a character has been encoded, encoders should follow the following steps:

Check the Unicode web site at https://www.unicode.org, in particular the page "Where is my Character?", and the associated character code charts. Alternatively, users can check the latest published version of The Unicode Standard (Unicode Consortium (2006)), though the web site is often more up to date than the printed version, and should be checked for preference.

The pictures (‘glyphs’) in the Unicode code charts are only meant to be representative, not definitive. If a specific form of an already encoded character is required for a project, refer to the guidelines contained below under Annotating Characters. Remember that your encoded document may be rendered on a system which has different fonts from yours: if the specific form of a character is important to you, then you should document it.

Check the Proposed New Characters web page (https://unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html) to see whether the character is in line for approval.

Ask on the Unicode email list (https://www.unicode.org/consortium/distlist.html) to see whether a proposal is pending, or to determine whether this character is considered eligible for addition to the Unicode Standard.

Since there are now over 130,000 characters in Unicode, chances are good that what you need is already there, but it might not be easy to find, since it might have a different name in Unicode. Editors working with East Asian writing systems should consult the Unihan Database. Look again, this time at other sites, preferably ones which also provide searches based on scripts and languages. For example https://www.chise.org (for CJK characters) or http://www.eki.ee/letter/ (for non-CJK characters) . Take care, however, that all the properties of what seems to be a relevant character are consistent with those of the character you are looking for. For example, if your character is definitely a digit, but the properties of the best match you can find for it say that it is a letter, you may have a character not yet defined in Unicode.

In general, it is advisable to avoid Unicode characters generally described as presentation forms.²⁶ However, if the character you are looking for is being used in a notation (rather than as part of the orthography of a language) then it is quite acceptable to select characters from the Mathematical Operators block, provided that they have the appropriate properties (i.e. So: Symbol, Other; or Sm: Symbol, Math).

An encoded character may be precomposed or it may be formed from base characters and combining diacritical marks. Either will suffice for a character to be "found" as an encoded character. If there are several possible Unicode characters to choose amongst, it is good practice to consult other colleagues and practitioners to see whether a consensus has emerged in favour of one or other of them.

If, however, no suitable form of your character seems to exist, the next question will be: ‘Does the graphical unit in question represent a variant form of a known character, or does it represent a completely unencoded character?’ If the character is determined to be missing from the Unicode Standard, it would be helpful to submit the new character for inclusion (see https://unicode.org/pending/proposals.html). For assistance on writing or submitting a proposal, potential proposers can contact the UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/sei/).

These guidelines will help you proceed once you have identified a given graphical unit as either a variant or an unencoded character. Determining this will require knowledge of the contents of the document that you have. The first case will be called annotation of a character, while the second case will be called adding of a new character. How to handle graphical units that represent variants will be discussed below (5.3. Annotating Characters) while the problem of representing new characters will be dealt with in section 5.4. Adding New Characters.

While there is some overlap between these requirements, distinct specialized markup constructs have been created for each of these cases. These constructs are presented in section 5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs below.

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TEI: Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs⚓︎5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

An XML document can, in principle, contain any defined Unicode character. The standard allows these characters to be represented either directly, using an appropriate encoding (UTF-8 by default), or indirectly by means of a numeric character reference (NCR), such as &#196; (A-umlaut). The encoder can also restrict the range of characters which are represented directly in a document (or part of it) by adding a suitable encoding declaration. For example, if a document begins with the declaration <?xml encoding="iso-8859-1"?> any Unicode characters which are not in the ISO-8859-1 character set must be represented by NCRs.

The gaiji module defined by this chapter adds a further way of representing specific characters and glyphs in a document. (Gaiji is from Japanese 外字, meaning external characters.) This allows the encoder to distinguish characters and glyphs which Unicode regards as identical, to add new nonstandard characters or glyphs, and to represent Unicode characters not available in the document encoding by an alternative means.

The mechanism provided here consists functionally of two parts:

an element g, which serves as a proxy for new characters or glyphs

elements char and glyph, providing information about such characters or glyphs; these elements are stored in the charDecl element in the header.

When the gaiji module is included in a schema, the charDecl element is added to the model.encodingDescPart class, and the g element is added to the phrase class. These elements and their components are documented in the rest of this section.

The Unicode standard defines properties for all the characters it defines in the Unicode Character Database , knowledge of which is usually built into text processing systems. If the character represented by the g element does not exist in Unicode at all, its properties are not available. If the character represented is an existing Unicode character, but is not available in the document character set recognized by a given text processing system, it may also be convenient to have access to its properties in the same way. The char element makes it possible to store properties for use by such applications in a standard way.

The list of attributes (properties) for characters is modelled on those in the Unicode Character Database, which distinguishes normative and informative character properties. The Unicode Consortium also maintains a separate set of character properties specific to East Asian characters in the Unihan database which TEI fully supports. Lastly, non-Unicode properties may also be supplied. Since the list of properties will vary with different versions of the Unicode Standard, there may not be an exact correspondence between them and the list of properties defined in these Guidelines.

Usage examples for these elements are given below at 5.3. Annotating Characters and 5.4. Adding New Characters. The gaiji module itself is formally defined in section 5.10. Formal Definition below. It declares the following additional elements:

charDecl (character declarations) provides information about nonstandard characters and glyphs.

g (character or glyph) represents a glyph, or a non-standard character.

ref
points to a description of the character or glyph intended.

The charDecl element is a member of the class model.encodingDescPart, and thus becomes available within encodingDesc when this module is included in a schema. The g element is the only member of the class model.gLike: this class is referenced as an alternative to plain text in almost every element which contains plain text, thus permitting the g element also to appear at such places when this module is included in a schema.

The following elements may appear within a charDecl element:

desc (description) contains a short description of the purpose, function, or use of its parent element, or when the parent is a documentation element, describes or defines the object being documented.

char (character) provides descriptive information about a character.

glyph (character glyph) provides descriptive information about a character glyph.

The char and glyph elements have similar contents and are used in similar ways, but their functions are different. The char element is provided to define a character which is not available in the current document character set, for whatever reason, as stated above. The glyph element is used to annotate a character that has already been defined somewhere (either in the document character set, or through a char element) by providing a specific glyph that shows how a character appeared in the original document. This is necessary since Unicode code points refer not to a single, specific glyph shape of a character, but rather to a set of glyphs, any of which may be used to render the code point in question; in some cases they can differ considerably.

The glyph element is provided for cases where the encoder wants to specify a specific glyph (or family of glyphs) out of all possible glyphs. Unfortunately, due to the way Unicode has been defined, there are cases where several glyphs that logically belong together have been given separate code points, especially in the blocks defining East Asian characters. In such cases, glyph elements can also be used to express the view that these apparently distinct characters are to be regarded as instances of the same character (see further 5.3. Annotating Characters).

The Unicode Standard recommends naming conventions which should be followed strictly where the intention is to annotate an existing Unicode character, and which may also be used as a model when creating new names for characters or glyphs²⁷:

Within both char and glyph, the following elements are available:

gloss (gloss) identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase.

unicodeProp (unicode property) provides a Unicode property for a character (or glyph).

unihanProp (unihan property) holds the name and value of a normative or informative Unihan character (or glyph) property as part of its attributes.

localProp (locally defined property) provides a locally defined character (or glyph) property.

desc (description) contains a short description of the purpose, function, or use of its parent element, or when the parent is a documentation element, describes or defines the object being documented.

mapping (character mapping) contains one or more characters which are related to the parent character or glyph in some respect, as specified by the type attribute.

figure (figure) groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration, formula, or figure.

note (note) contains a note or annotation.

Four of these elements (gloss, desc, figure, and note) are defined by other TEI modules, and their usage here is no different from their usage elsewhere. The figure element, however, is used here only to link to an image of the character or glyph under discussion, or to contain a representation of it in SVG. The figure element may contain more than one graphic element, for example to provide images with different resolution, or in different formats, or may itself be repeated. As elsewhere, the mimeType attribute of graphic should be used to specify the format of the image.

The mapping element is similar to the standard TEI equiv element. While the latter is used to express correspondence relationships between TEI concepts or elements and those in other systems or ontologies, the former is used to express any kind of relationship between the character or glyph under discussion and characters or glyphs defined elsewhere. It may contain any Unicode character, or a g element linked to some other char or glyph element, if, for example, the intention is to express an association between two non-standard characters. The type of association is indicated by the type attribute, which may take such values as exact for exact equivalences, uppercase for uppercase equivalences, lowercase for lowercase equivalences, standard for standardized forms, and simplified for simplified characters, etc., as in the following example:

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="aenl">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN LETTER ENLARGED SMALL A"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="aenl"/>
  <mapping type="standard">a</mapping>
 </char>
</charDecl>

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The mapping element may also be used to represent a mapping of the character or (more likely) glyph under discussion onto a character from the private use area as in this example:

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="z103">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN LETTER Z WITH TWO STROKES"/>
  <mapping type="standard">Z</mapping>
  <mapping type="PUA">U+E304</mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

bibliography ⚓︎

A more precise documentation of the properties of any character or glyph may be supplied using one of the three ‘property’ elements: localProp, unicodeProp, or unihanProp; these are described in the next section.

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TEI: Character Properties⚓︎5.2.1. Character Properties

The Unicode Standard documents ‘ideal’ characters, defined by reference to a number of properties (or attribute-value pairs) which they are said to possess. For example, a lowercase letter is said to have the value Ll for the property General_Category. The Standard distinguishes between normative properties (i.e. properties which form part of the definition of a given character), and informative or additional properties which are not normative. It also allows for the addition of new properties, and (in some circumstances) alteration of the values currently assigned to certain properties. When making such modifications, great care should be taken not to override standard informative properties for characters which already exist in the Unicode Standard, as documented in Freytag (2006).

The unicodeProp, unihanProp, and localProp elements allow a TEI encoder to record information about a character or glyph:

unicodeProp (unicode property) provides a Unicode property for a character (or glyph).

name | specifies the normalized name of a Unicode property.
value | specifies the value of a named Unicode property.

unihanProp (unihan property) holds the name and value of a normative or informative Unihan character (or glyph) property as part of its attributes.

name | specifies the normalized name of a unicode han database (Unihan) property.
value | specifies the value of a named Unihan property

localProp (locally defined property) provides a locally defined character (or glyph) property.

name [att.gaijiProp] | provides the name of the character or glyph property being defined.
value [att.gaijiProp] | provides the value of the character or glyph property being defined.

Where the information concerned relates to a property which has already been identified in the Unicode Standard, use of the appropriate Unicode property name with unicodeProp is strongly encouraged. The use of available Unihan property names with unihanProp is similarly encouraged. Validation rules for property names according to Unicode conventions are incorporated into the TEI schemas. Where neither of these standards suffices use localProp.

The three elements for recording Unicode or locally defined properties belong to the <att.gaijiProp> class. This class defines two required attributes for record key-value pairs for character properties:

att.gaijiProp provides attributes for defining the properties of non-standard characters or glyphs.

name | provides the name of the character or glyph property being defined.
value | provides the value of the character or glyph property being defined.

For each property, the encoder must supply both a name and a value. In cases of boolean properties TEI requires an explict true or false value attribute:

<unicodeProp name="Ideographic"
 value="false"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

For convenience, we list here some of the normative character properties and their values. For full information, refer to chapter 4 of The Unicode Standard, or the online documentation of the Unicode Character Database.

General_Category

The general category (described in the Unicode Standard chapter 4 section 5) is an assignment to some major classes and subclasses of characters. Suggested values for this property are listed here:

Lu | Letter, uppercase
Ll | Letter, lowercase
Lt | Letter, titlecase
Lm | Letter, modifier
Lo | Letter, other
Mn | Mark, nonspacing
Mc | Mark, spacing combining
Me | Mark, enclosing
Nd | Number, decimal digit
Nl | Number, letter
No | Number, other
Pc | Punctuation, connector
Pd | Punctuation, dash
Ps | Punctuation, open
Pe | Punctuation, close
Pi | Punctuation, initial quote
Pf | Punctuation, final quote
Po | Punctuation, other
Sm | Symbol, math
Sc | Symbol, currency
Sk | Symbol, modifier
So | Symbol, other
Zs | Separator, space
Zl | Separator, line
Zp | Separator, paragraph
Cc | Other, control
Cf | Other, format
Cs | Other, surrogate
Co | Other, private use
Cn | Other, not assigned

Bidi_Class

This property applies to all Unicode characters. It governs the application of the algorithm for bi-directional behaviour, as further specified in Unicode Annex 9, The Bidirectional Algorithm. The following 21 different values are currently defined for this property:

L | Left-to-Right
R | Right-to-Left
AL | Right-to-Left Arabic
EN | European Number
ES | European Number Separator
ET | European Number Terminator
AN | Arabic Number
CS | Common Number Separator
NSM | Nonspacing Mark
BN | Boundary Neutral
B | Paragraph Separator
S | Segment Separator
WS | Whitespace
ON | Other Neutrals
LRE | Left-to-Right Embedding
LRO | Left-to-Right Override
RLE | Right-to-Left Embedding
RLO | Right-to-Left Override
PDF | Pop Directional Format
LRI | Left-to-Right Isolate
RLI | Right-to-Left Isolate
FSI | First Strong Isolate
PDI | Pop Directional Isolate

Canonical_Combining_Class

This property exists for characters that are not used independently, but in combination with other characters, for example the strokes making up CJK (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) characters. It records a class for these characters, which is used to determine how they interact typographically. The following values are defined in the Unicode Standard: (see Unicode Character Database: Canonical Combining Class Values); these were taken from version 12.1:

0 | Spacing, split, enclosing, reordrant, and Tibetan subjoined
1 | Overlays and interior
7 | Nuktas
8 | Hiragana/Katakana voicing marks
9 | Viramas
10 | Start of fixed position classes
199 | End of fixed position classes
200 | Below left attached
202 | Below attached
204 | Below right attached
208 | Left attached (reordrant around single base character)
210 | Right attached
212 | Above left attached
214 | Above attached
216 | Above right attached
218 | Below left
220 | Below
222 | Below right
224 | Left (reordrant around single base character)
226 | Right
228 | Above left
230 | Above
232 | Above right
233 | Double below
234 | Double above
240 | Below (iota subscript)

Decomposition_Mapping

This property is defined for characters, which may be decomposed, for example to a canonical form plus a typographic variation of some kind. For such characters the Unicode standard specifies both a decomposition type and a decomposition mapping (i.e. another Unicode character to which this one may be mapped in the way specified by the decomposition type). The following types of mapping are defined in the Unicode Standard:

font | A font variant (e.g. a blackletter form)
noBreak | A no-break version of a space or hyphen
initial | An initial presentation form (Arabic)
medial | A medial presentation form (Arabic)
final | A final presentation form (Arabic)
isolated | An isolated presentation form (Arabic)
circle | An encircled form
super | A superscript form
sub | A subscript form
vertical | A vertical layout presentation form
wide | A wide (or zenkaku) compatibility character
narrow | A narrow (or hankaku) compatibility character
small | A small variant form (CNS compatibility)
square | A CJK squared font variant
fraction | A vulgar fraction form
compat | Otherwise-unspecified compatibility character

Numeric_Value

This property applies for any character which expresses any kind of numeric value. Its value is the intended value in decimal notation.

mirrored

The mirrored character property is used to properly render characters such as U+0028, OPENING PARENTHESIS independent of the text direction: it has the value Y (character is mirrored) or N (code is not mirrored).

The Unicode Standard also defines a set of informative (but non-normative) properties for Unicode characters. If encoders wish to provide such properties, they should be included using the Unicode name. If a Unicode name exists for a given character this should always be used, however encoders may also supply locally defined names. To tag a Unicode name, use <unicodeProp name="Name"> (or <unihanProp name="Name">). For names specified elsewhere or specified locally use localProp.

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TEI: Annotating Characters⚓︎5.3. Annotating Characters

Annotation of a character becomes necessary when it is desired to distinguish it on the basis of certain aspects (typically, its graphical appearance) only. In a manuscript, for example, where distinctly different forms of the letter r can be recognized, it might be useful to distinguish them for analytic purposes, quite distinct from the need to provide an accurate representation of the page. A digital facsimile, particularly one linked to a transcribed and encoded version of the text, will always provide a superior visual representation (for information on how to link a digital facsimile to a transcribed text see 12.1. Digital Facsimiles), but cannot be used to support arguments based on the distribution of such different forms. Character annotation as described here provides a solution to this problem.²⁸

Assuming that we wish to distinguish the variant glyphs from the standard representation for the character concerned, we will need to define distinct glyph elements, one for each of the forms of the letter we wish to distinguish:

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="r1">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ONE FUNNY STROKE"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r1"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r1img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
 <glyph xml:id="r2">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TWO FUNNY STROKES"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r2"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r2img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

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With these definitions in place, occurrences of these two special rs in the text can be represented using the element g:

<p>Wo<g ref="#r1">r</g>ds in this
manusc<g ref="#r2">r</g>ipt are sometimes
written in a funny way.</p>

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As can be seen in this example, the glyph element pointed to from the g element will be interpreted as an annotation on the content of the element g. This mechanism can be used to represent common manuscript abbreviations or ligatures, as in the following examples:

<p> ... <g ref="#Filig">Fi</g>lthy riches...</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="Filig">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN UPPER F AND LATIN LOWER I LIGATURE"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="Filig.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

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<p> ... <abbr>
  <g ref="#per">per</g>
 </abbr> ardua</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="per">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN ABBREVIATION PER"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="per.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

bibliography ⚓︎

(In fact the Unicode Standard does provide a character to represent the Fi ligature; the encoder may however prefer not to use it in order to simplify other text processing operations, such as indexing).

With this markup in place, it will be possible to write programs to analyze the distribution of the different letters r as well as produce more ‘faithful’ renderings of the original. It will also be possible to produce normalized versions by simply ignoring the annotation pointed to by the element g.

For brevity of encoding, it may be preferred to predefine internal entities such as the following:

<!ENTITY r1 '<g ref="#r1">r</g>' >
<!ENTITY r2 '<g ref="#r2">r</g>' >⚓

which would enable the same material to be encoded as follows:

<p>Wo&r1;ds in this manusc&r2;ipt are
  sometimes written in a funny way.</p> ⚓

The same technique may be used to represent particular abbreviation marks as well as to represent other characters or glyphs. For example, if we believe that the r-with-one-funny-stroke is being used as an abbreviation for receipt, this might be represented as follows:

<abbr>&r1;</abbr>⚓

Note however that this technique employs markup objects to provide a link between a character in the document and some annotation on that character. Therefore, it cannot be used in places where such markup constructs are not allowed, notably in attribute values.

Since the need to use these constructs to annotate or define characters occurs frequently in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese documents, here are some issues that are specific to these documents. There are two slightly different versions of the problem. In the first case, due to the way Unicode is defined, there are occasions when more than one glyph is defined for a character. In such an occasion, one might want to retain the character as used, but add information in a way so that a normalizer (for search or indexing operations) could take advantage of this information. To achieve this, we simply define within a charDecl element a glyph that has two mapping elements, as shown here:

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="u8aaa">
  <mapping type="Unicode">說</mapping>
  <mapping type="standard">説</mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

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The first of these mappings, of type Unicode, simply maps our glyph to the code point where Unicode defined it. The other one, of type standard, encodes the fact that in our view, this glyph is a variation of the standard character given in the content of the element. We could then use this glyph element's unique identifier u8aaa to refer to it from within a text as follows.

<g ref="#u8aaa">說</g>

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A slightly different, but related problem occurs when we have multiple variants, none of which has been defined in Unicode. In this case, we need to define one as a new character using char, and the others as glyphs using glyph.

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="newchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
 </char>
 <glyph xml:id="varofnewchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
  <mapping type="standard">
   <g ref="#newchar1"/>
  </mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

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The char defines a new character, while the glyph element then defines a variant glyph of this newly defined character. Additional properties should be specified in order to make these both identifiable.

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TEI: Adding New Characters⚓︎5.4. Adding New Characters

The creation of additional characters for use in text encoding is quite similar to the annotation of existing characters. The same element g is used to provide a link from the character instance in the text to a character definition provided within the charDecl element. This character definition takes the form of a char element. The element g itself will usually be empty, but could contain a code point from the Private Use Area (PUA) of the Unicode Standard, which is an area set aside for the very purpose of privately adding new characters to a document. Recommendations on how to use such PUA characters are given in the following section.

In some circumstances, it may be desirable to provide a single precomposed form of a character that is encoded in Unicode only as a sequence of code points. For example, in Medieval Nordic material, a character looking like a lowercase letter Y with a dot and an acute-accent above it may be encountered so frequently that the encoder wishes to treat it as a single precomposed character with one single coded value. In the transcription concerned, the encoder enters this letter as &ydotacute;, which when the transcription is processed can then be expanded in one of three ways, depending on the mapping in force. The entity reference might be translated into the sequence of corresponding Unicode code points or into some locally-defined PUA character (say &#xE0A4;) for local processing only. Both these options have disadvantages; the former loses the fact that the sequence of composed characters is regarded as a single object; the second is not reliably portable. Therefore, the recommended representation is to use the g element defined by the module defined in this chapter:

<g ref="#ydotacute"/>

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. This makes it possible for the encoder to provide useful documentation for the particular character or glyph so referenced:

<char xml:id="ydotacute">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE AND ACUTE"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="ydotacute"/>
 <mapping type="composed">&#x0079;&#x0307;&#x0301;</mapping>
 <mapping type="PUA">U+E0A4</mapping>
</char>

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This definition specifies the mapping between this composed character and the individual Unicode-defined code points which make it up. It also supplies a single locally-defined property (‘entity’) for the character concerned, the purpose of which is to supply a recommended character entity name for the character.

The composition rules for ideographic characters typically require more complex rules than the &ydotacute; above. For these cases Unicode provides dedicated symbols to capture the composition in Ideographic Description Sequences (IDS). Encoders are strongly encouraged to provide IDS for each variant ideograph in the header component of the gaiji module to faciliated greater human and machine readability of rare or unencoded characters, as in the following example:

<glyph xml:id="U507D-var">
<!-- more properties here -->
 <mapping type="IDS">⿻人為</mapping>
 <mapping type="standard">偽</mapping>
</glyph>

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The composition rules and further examples appear in Chapter 18.2: Ideographic Description Characters of the Unicode Standard. Editors should be aware that different sequences can accurately describe the same character. In the example, the character "人" (U+4EBA) could have been substituted with "亻" (U+4EBB). Local preferences about how sequences are constructed should be documented in the encodingDesc of the corresponding TEI header (see 2.3. The Encoding Description). Additionally, a number of online services, such as CHISE, offer querying and retrieving characters via IDS, which facilitates a greater degree of stability across different applications.

Under certain circumstances, Chinese Han characters can be written within a circle. Rather than considering this as simply an aspect of the rendering, an encoder may wish to treat such circled characters as entirely distinct derived characters. For a given character (say that represented by the numeric-character reference &#x4EBA;) the circled variant might conveniently be represented as

<g ref="#U4EBA-circled"/>

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, which references a definition such as the following:

<char xml:id="U4EBA-circled">
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="cicle"/>
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 36"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <mapping type="standard"> &#x4EBA;
 </mapping>
 <mapping type="PUA"> &#xE000;
 </mapping>
</char>

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In this example, the ‘circled ideograph’ character has been defined with two mappings, and with two properties. The two properties are the Unicode-defined character-decomposition which specifies that this is a circled character, using the appropriate terminology (see 5.2.1. Character Properties above) and a locally defined property known as ‘daikanwa’. The two mappings indicate firstly that the standard form of this character is the character &#x4EBA;, and secondly that the character used to represent this character locally is the PUA character &#xE000;. For convenience of local processing this PUA character may in fact appear as content of the g element. In general, however, the g element will be empty.

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TEI: How to Use Code Points from the Private Use Area⚓︎5.5. How to Use Code Points from the Private Use Area

The developers of the Unicode Standard have set aside an area of the codespace for the private use of software vendors, user groups, or individuals. As of this writing (Unicode 12.1), there are around 137,000 code points available in this area, which should be enough for most needs. No code point assignments will be made to this area by standard bodies and only some very basic default properties have been assigned (which may be overridden where necessary by the mechanism outlined in this chapter). Therefore, unlike all other code points defined by the Unicode Standard, PUA code points should not be used directly in documents intended for blind interchange.

In the two previous examples, we mentioned that the variant characters concerned might well be assigned specific code points from the PUA. This might, for example, facilitate the use of a particular font which displays the desired character at this code point in the local processing environment. Since however this assignment would be valid only on the local site, documents containing such code points are unsuitable for blind interchange. During the process of preparing such documents for interchange, any PUA code points should be replaced by an appropriate use of the g element, such as <g ref="#xxxx">, thus associating the character required with the documentation of it provided by the referenced char element. The PUA character used during the preparation of the document might be recorded in the char element, as shown in the example in 5.4. Adding New Characters, or retained as content of the g element. However, since there is no requirement that the same PUA character be used to represent it at the receiving site, and since it may well be the case that this other site has already made an assignment of some other character to the original PUA code point, it is best practice to remove the locally-defined PUA character. It is to be expected that a further translation into the local processing environment at the receiving site will be necessary to handle such characters, during which variant letters can be converted to hitherto unused code points on the basis of the information provided in the char element.

This mechanism is rather weak in cases where DOM trees or parsed XML fragments are exchanged, which may increasingly be the case. The best an application can do here is to treat any occurrence of a PUA character only in the context of the local document and use the properties provided through the char element as a handle to the character in other contexts.

In the fullness of time, a character may become standardized, and thus assigned a specific code point outside the PUA. Documents which have been encoded using the mechanism must at the least ensure that this changed code point is recorded within the relevant char element; it will however normally be simpler to remove the char element and replace all occurrences of g elements which reference it by occurrences of the newly coded character.

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TEI: Writing Modes⚓︎5.6. Writing Modes

The scripts used for writing human languages vary not only in the glyphs they use, but also in the way (or ways) that those glyphs are arranged on the writing surface. For the majority of modern languages, writing is arranged as a series of lines which are to be read from top to bottom. Within each line, individual characters are frequently presented from left to right (English, Russian, Greek), but there are also several widely-used scripts which run right-to-left (Arabic, Hebrew). Writing in which the lines of glyphs are presented vertically and read from right to left is also often encountered, notably in East Asian scripts (Sinitic characters, Japanese Kana, Korean Hangul, Vietnamese chữ nôm). In many cases, a language normally uses the same writing mode (we use this term to refer to the orientation of individual glyphs within a line and the order in which glyphs and lines should be read), but there are exceptions in which the same language may appear in different modes, for example either vertically or horizontally. Many East Asian scripts were traditionally written from top to bottom within the line, with their lines sequenced from right to left. Although modern Japanese, Chinese, and Korean are often written horizontally, the traditional vertical writing mode is still widely used. There are also comparatively rare cases of ancient scripts written with lines running left to right, each line being read top to bottom (Ancient Uighur, classical Mongolian and Manchu), or scripts such as Ogham where the writing direction may start from the bottom left and run around the edge of an inscribed object.

When different languages are combined, it is possible that different writing modes will be needed: for example, in Hebrew text, running right to left, sequences of Latin digits still run left to right. When different writing modes are available for the same language, it may be that different glyphs will be preferred when the script is used in different modes. For example, when Japanese is written horizontally, the Unicode character U+3001, the ‘ideographic comma’, is used in preference to Unicode character U+FE11, the vertical mode comma. This ensures that the comma appears in the correct position relative to the surrounding glyphs. Even for scripts which are usually written in exactly the same way, different writing modes may be encountered in particular contexts; for example when a language using Roman script is embedded within vertically-organized Chinese text, it may sometimes be displayed vertically and sometimes horizontally. The writing mode may also vary in response to layout constraints such as those imposed by a complex table, where column or row labels may be written vertically or diagonally to make the most effective use of available space, just as it may vary in response to the size and shape of the carrier in the case of a monumental inscription.

For many, perhaps most, TEI documents there may be no need to encode the writing mode explicitly, even in so-called "mixed mode" texts containing passages written in languages which use different writing modes. Modern printed texts in most European languages, for instance, may be expected to use left-to-right/top-to-bottom directionality; while Arabic or Hebrew texts are expected to run right-to-left/top-to-bottom. In a TEI document, language and script are explicitly stated in the markup using the attribute xml:lang; this indication will usually imply a particular default writing mode. Even where this attribute is not used, passages in different scripts will use different Unicode characters, and will thus imply a particular default writing mode.

Consider the case of an English text containing a few Arabic words:

The Arabic term قلم رصاص means "pencil".⚓

A correct TEI encoding might read as follows:

<s xml:lang="en">The Arabic term
<term xml:lang="ar">قلم رصاص</term> means "pencil".</s>

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We might assume that it is the presence of the xml:lang attribute with value ar that causes processing software to display the Arabic from right to left, but in fact, this is not the case. The order in which the Arabic characters appear when rendered would be the same, even if the markup were not present:

<s>The Arabic term قلم رصاص means "pencil".</s>

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This is because Arabic glyphs are always displayed right to left, even when they appear within a left-to-right English sentence. Like most other codepoints in the Unicode standard, they have a specific directionality setting which helps any rendering software determine how they should be ordered. The Latin glyph "a" has a strong left-to-right bidirectionality setting, as do the digits 0 to 9; the Hebrew א (alef) is strongly right-to-left. Of course, some glyphs (common punctuation marks such as the period or comma for example) have weak or neutral settings because they may appear in several contexts.

The Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (Unicode Consortium, 2017) defines a number of rules enabling software to render sequences of characters which have differing directionality properties in a predictable and reliable way, using only those properties. ²⁹. It should be remembered however that individual sequences of characters are always stored in a file in the order in which they should be read, irrespective of the order in which the characters making up a sequence should be displayed or rendered. For example, in a RTL language such as Hebrew, the first character in a file will be that which is displayed at the rightmost end of the first line of text.

An encoder wishing to document or to control the order in which sequences of characters in a TEI document are displayed will usually do so by segmenting the text into sequences presented in the desired order and specifying an appropriate language code for each. In situations where this approach may result in ambiguity or lack of precision, or if the encoder wishes to record directional information explicitly in their encoding, we recommend using the global @style attribute to supply detail about the writing mode applicable to the content of any element. The style attribute (discussed in 1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators) permits use of any formatting language; for these purposes however, we recommend use of CSS, which includes a Writing Modes module ³⁰ which permits direct specification of a number of useful properties associated with writing modes, notably direction (ltr or rtl); writing-mode (horizontal-tb, vertical-rl, or vertical-lr); and text-orientation (mixed, upright, sideways ...) as well as properties affecting the behaviour of the unicode-bidi (bidirectional) algorithm. We discuss and exemplify how these properties may be used below.

The global TEI style attribute applies to the element on which it is specified (and in most cases, its descendants). Rather than specify it on every element, it will often be more efficient to express sets of commonly-used styling rules as rendition elements in the teiHeader and then point to them using the global rendition attribute, as further discussed in 2.3.4.1. Rendition. Although the CSS specifications are mainly used to provide instructions for software when rendering a digital text, they also provide a useful means of describing the visual properties of a pre-existing document in a formal and standardized way.

The next section presents some examples of how CSS can be used to describe a variety of writing modes. A full description of the appearance of a document will probably include many other properties of course.

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TEI: Examples of Different Writing Modes⚓︎5.7. Examples of Different Writing Modes

The CSS recommendations provides several properties which can be used to encode aspects of the "writing mode". The most useful of these is the property "writing-mode" which may be used to specify a reading-order for both characters within a single line and lines within a single block of text. The property "text-orientation" may also used to indicate the orientation of individual characters with respect to the line, and the property "direction" to determine the reading order of characters within a line only. We give some examples of each below.

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TEI: Vertical Writing Modes⚓︎5.7.1. Vertical Writing Modes

The writing-mode property is particularly useful for languages which can be written in different writing modes, such as Chinese and Japanese. Its possible values include horizontal-tb, vertical-rl and vertical-lr. Each value has two components: ‘horizontal’ or ‘vertical’ specifies the inline writing direction, while the second component specifies the direction in which lines in a block, and blocks in a sequence are arranged: from top to bottom (as in most European languages, in which lines and paragraphs are arranged from top to bottom on a page), from right to left (as in the case of Japanese written vertically), or left-to-right (as in the case of Mongolian).

The following example shows three versions of the same poem: first in Japanese, written top to bottom; next in romaji (Japanese in Latin script); and finally in an English translation.

Figure 5. Taken from p.42 of Haiku: Japanese Art and Poetry. Judith Patt, Michiko Warkentyne (calligraphy) and Barry Till. 2010.

We might encode this as follows:

<div>
 <lg xml:lang="ja"
  style="writing-mode: vertical-rl">
  <l>古池や</l>
  <l>蛙</l>
  <l>飛び込む</l>
  <l>水の音</l>
 </lg>
 <lg xml:lang="ja-Latn"
  style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">
  <l>furu ike ya</l>
  <l>kawazu tobikomu</l>
  <l>mizu no oto</l>
 </lg>
 <lg xml:lang="en">
  <l>Old pond,</l>
  <l>and a frog dives in—</l>
  <l>"Splash"!</l>
 </lg>
</div>

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For the sake of simplicity, we have not attempted to capture in this encoding such aspects as the indenting of lines in the first Japanese version, or the central alignment of the other two versions, nor any other renditional features such as font weight or size etc. The Japanese transcription has writing-mode: vertical-rl, which is required because Japanese may be written either in this mode or horizontally. The transcription in romaji uses the attribute xml:lang to supply a value of ja-Latn, indicating Japanese written in Latin script. Its style attribute specifies a horizontal writing mode; this may seem superfluous, but vertically-written romaji is not unknown.

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TEI: Vertical Text with Embedded Horizontal Text⚓︎5.7.2. Vertical Text with Embedded Horizontal Text

When Japanese is written vertically, the glyph orientation remains the same as when it is written horizontally. In other words, glyphs are not rotated (although as noted above some different glyphs may be used for some characters, in particular for punctuation which needs to be positioned differently in vertical and in horizontal text). However, it is very common for languages written vertically to have embedded runs of text from languages which are normally written horizontally. This raises the issue of the orientation of the glyphs from the horizontal language. Are they written upright, as they would normally appear in horizontal text runs, or are they rotated? Consider this fragment from a Japanese article about the Indonesian language, which takes the form of a glossary list:

Figure 6. Detail from p.62 of インドネシア語". 崎山理. 1985. 外国語との対照 II. 講座日本語学 11.

The text-orientation property allows us to indicate whether or not glyphs are rotated. In the following example, we have indicated that the list uses a vertical-rl writing mode, but that the orientation of individual glyphs may vary:

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="ja"
 style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: mixed">
 <label xml:lang="id">hampir</label>
 <item>「近い、ほとんど」</item>
 <label xml:lang="id">baru</label>
 <item>「新しい、ばかい」</item>
<!-- ... -->
</list>

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The rule text-orientation: mixed specifies that ‘characters from horizontal-only scripts are set sideways, i.e. 90° clockwise from their standard orientation in horizontal text. Characters from vertical scripts are set with their intrinsic orientation’ (fantasai 2014). Since the default value for text-orientation is mixed, this rule is not strictly required. However, if the Indonesian glyphs (which are roman characters) had been set vertically, like this:

Figure 7. Fragment of previous image with Indonesian glyphs upright.

then an encoding like the following could be used to make this explicit:

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="ja"
 style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: upright">
 <label xml:lang="id">hampir</label>
 <item>「近い、ほとんど」</item>
 <label xml:lang="id">baru</label>
 <item>「新しい、ばかい」</item>
<!-- ... -->
</list>

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The rule text-orientation: upright specifies that ‘characters from horizontal-only scripts are rendered upright, i.e. in their standard horizontal orientation. Characters from vertical scripts are set with their intrinsic orientation and shaped normally’ (fantasai 2014).

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TEI: Vertical Orientation in Horizontal Scripts⚓︎5.7.3. Vertical Orientation in Horizontal Scripts

It is not unusual to see text from horizontal languages written vertically even where no vertically-written script is involved. This example is a fragment from a table of information about agricultural development on Vancouver Island, written in 1855:

Figure 8. Enclosure with Despatch to London 10048, CO 305/6, p. 131v from https://bcgenesis.uvic.ca/V55116.html

Four of the subheading cells in this fragment contain English text written vertically, bottom-to-top, to conserve space on the page. To describe this sort of phenomenon, we can use the text-orientation property again:

text-orientation: mixed | upright | sideways-right | sideways-left | sideways | use-glyph-orientation

For full details on this property, we refer the reader to the CSS Writing Modes specification. For the present example, we will make use only of the ‘sideways-left’ value, which ‘causes text to be set as if in a horizontal layout, but rotated 90° counter-clockwise.’ We might encode the third of the four cells containing vertical text like this:

<cell style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: sideways-left">
 <lb/>Cash Value
<lb/>of
<lb/>Farms

</cell>

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The writing-mode property captures the fact that the script is written vertically, and its lines are to be read from left to right (so the line containing ‘of’ is to the right of that containing ‘Cash value’), while the text-orientation value encodes the orientation (rotated 90° counter-clockwise). We might also add text-align: center to the style, to express the fact that the text is centrally-aligned.

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TEI: Bottom-to-top Writing⚓︎5.7.4. Bottom-to-top Writing

Of the rather small number of scripts which appear to be written bottom-to-top, perhaps the best-known is Ogham, an alphabet used mainly to write Archaic Irish. Ogham is typically found inscribed along the edge of a standing stone, starting at its base. The CSS Writing Modes specification does not explicitly distinguish between vertical scripts which are written top-to-bottom and those which are written bottom-to-top. Instead, such bottom-to-top scripts are best treated as left-to-right horizontal scripts, oriented vertically because of the constraints of the medium on which they are inscribed. Such scripts are analogous to the vertical English text-runs in the table cells in the example above, and can be handled in exactly the same manner (writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: sideways-left). In cases where writing follows a curved path (such as Ogham running around the edge of a stone), a meticulous encoder might resort to the use of SVG to describe the path, rather than treating the phenomenon as a writing mode.

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TEI: Mixed Horizontal Directionality⚓︎5.7.5. Mixed Horizontal Directionality

Returning to our previous simple example

The Arabic term قلم رصاص means "pencil".⚓

we could use the direction property to make directionality explicit:

direction: ltr | rtl

<s xml:lang="en" style="direction: ltr">The Arabic term
<term xml:lang="ar"
  style="direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed">قلم رصاص</term> means "pencil".</s>

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The use of the direction property to record the observed directionality of the text is unambiguous, even though it is (as we noted above) superfluous. The use of the unicode-bidi property here may require some explanation. By default this property has the value ‘normal’, the effect of which in this context would be to ignore any value supplied for the direction property. The CSS Writing Modes specification stipulates that the direction property ‘has no effect on bidi reordering when specified on inline boxes whose unicode-bidi property’s value is ‘normal’, because the element does not open an additional level of embedding with respect to the bidirectional algorithm.’

Mixed horizontal directionality is very common in languages such as Arabic and Hebrew, particularly when numbers (which are always given LTR) or phrases from LTR languages are embedded. It is not impossible, though quite unusual, for ambiguities to arise in such situations, which may give rise to the parts of a document being displayed in unexpected ways that do not correspond to the natural reading order. A more detailed discussion of this issue from an HTML perspective is provided by a W3C Internationalization Working Group report Inline markup and bidirectional text in HTML.

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TEI: Summary⚓︎5.7.6. Summary

For most texts, information about text directionality need not be explicitly encoded in a TEI text, either because it follows unambiguously from xml:lang values, or because it can be expected to be handled unequivocally by the Unicode Bidi Algorithm. Where it is considered important to encode such information, properties and values taken from the CSS Writing Modes module may be used by means of the global TEI style attribute (or using the TEI rendition element, linked with the rendition attribute). Most phenomena can be well described in this way; of those which cannot, other approaches based on the CSS Transforms module are presented in the next section.

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TEI: Text Rotation⚓︎5.8. Text Rotation

In what follows, we examine a range of textual phenomena which in some ways appear very similar to those examined above, and even overlap with them. We can categorize these as text transformation features, and suggest some strategies for encoding them based on the properties detailed in the CSS Transforms (Fraser et al 2013) specification. This CSS module provides a complex array of properties, values and functions which can be used to rotate, skew, translate and otherwise transform textual and graphical objects. We can borrow this vocabulary in order to describe textual phenomena in a precise manner.

We begin with a simple example of a rotational transform:

Here a block of text has been rotated around its z-axis. This is clearly not a ‘writing mode’; the writing mode for this text is horizontal, left to right. Furthermore, even if we wished to treat this as a writing mode, we could not do so, because there is no way to use writing modes properties to describe an text orientation which is angled at 45 degrees; no human languages are consistently written in this orientation. It is more appropriate to treat this as a rotational transformation. We can do this using two properties: transform and transform-origin. (Both of these properties have quite complex value sets, and we will not look at all of them here. See the specification for full details.)

The transform property takes as its value one or more of the transform functions, one of which is the function rotateZ():

<ab style="transform:rotateZ(-45deg)">TEI-C.ORG</ab>

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Any rotation must take place clockwise around an axis positioned relative to the element being rotated, and the transform-origin property can be used to specify the pivot point. By default, the value of transform-origin is ‘50% 50%’, the point at the centre of the element, but these values can be changed to reflect rotation around a different origin point. (The TEI zone element also bears an attribute rotate which can specify rotation in degrees around the z-axis, but it is not available for any other element.)

A block of text may also be rotated about either of its other axes. For example, this shows rotation around the Y (vertical) axis:

<ab style="transform:rotateY(45deg)">TEI-C.ORG</ab>

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These are obviously trivial examples, but similar features do appear in historical texts. George Herbert's The Temple includes two stanzas headed Easter Wings which are both normally printed in a rotated form so that they represent a pair of wings:

Figure 9. Page 35 of George Herbert's The Temple (1633), from a copy in the Folger Library.

This could be encoded thus:

<lg style="transform:rotateZ(90deg)">
 <l>My tender age in ſorrow did beginne:</l>
 <l>And ſtill with ſickneſſes and ſhame</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

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We might also argue that this is in fact a vertical writing mode by supplying writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: sideways-right as the value for the style attribute in the preceding example.

Rotation is also useful as a method of handling a true writing mode which is not covered by the CSS Writing Modes: boustrophedon. This is a writing mode common in inscriptions in Latin, Greek and other languages, in which alternate lines run from left to right and from right to left³¹. Right-to-left lines in boustrophedon have another unexpected feature: their glyphs are reversed, so that these lines appear as ‘mirror writing’, as in the following ancient Greek inscription:

Figure 10. Leaden plaque bearing an inquiry by Hermon from the oracular precinct at Dodona. (L.H. Jeffery Archive)

This might be transcribed as follows (ignoring word boundaries for the moment):

<ab>
 <lb/>ΗΕΡΜΟΝΤΙΝA
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΚΑΘΕΟΝΠΟΤΘΕΜ</seg>
 <lb/>ΕΝΟΣΥΕΝΕΑϜ
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΟΙΥΕΝΟΙΤΙΕΚΚ</seg>
 <lb/>ΡΕΤΑΙΑΣΟΝΑ
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΣΙΜΟΣΟΤΤΑΙΕ</seg>
 <lb/>ΑΣΣΑΙ

</ab>

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The 180-degree rotation around the Y (vertical) axis here describes what is happening in the RTL lines in boustrophedon; the order of glyphs is reversed, and so is their individual orientation (in fact, we see them ‘from the back’, as it were). seg elements have been used here because these are clearly not ‘lines’ in the sense of poetic lines; the text is continuous prose, and the division into separate lines is incidental.

There are obviously some unsatisfactory aspects of this manner of encoding boustrophedon. In the inscription above, some words are split across two lines, so if we wished to tag both words and the right-to-left phenomena, one hierarchy would have to be privileged over the other. By using a transform function rather than a writing mode property, we are apparently suggesting that boustrophedon is not in fact a writing mode, whereas it clearly is. But the CSS Writing Modes specification does not provide support for boustrophedon, because it is a rather obscure historical phenomenon; using a rotational transform is one practical alternative.

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TEI: Caveat⚓︎5.9. Caveat

As with other parts of the CSS specification, the intended effect of CSS Transforms properties and values is defined with reference to a specific Visual formatting model; the language is designed to describe how an HTML document should be formatted. This is not, of course, the case for the TEI, which lacks any explicit processing or formatting model, and attempts to define objects as far as possible without consideration of their visual appearance. As long as the properties and values from the CSS Transforms module are used as a convenient, well-specified descriptive language to capture features of a text, without any expectation of using them directly and reliably for rendering, this is not particularly problematic. CSS provides a useful and well-defined vocabulary to describe many aspects of the appearance of source texts, benefitting particularly from the clarity of definition provided by the specification. However, if there is any expectation of using this information to render a text in a predictable and accurate way, it will be essential to provide enough styling information throughout the document hierarchy to resolve all ambiguities with regard to size, positioning, block status, etc. before any element undergoes a transform operation.

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TEI: Formal Definition⚓︎5.10. Formal Definition

The gaiji module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module gaiji: Character and glyph documentation

Elements defined: char charDecl g glyph localProp mapping unicodeProp unihanProp

Classes defined: att.gaijiProp

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

26

Specifically, characters in the Unicode blocks Alphabetic Presentation Forms, Arabic Presentation Forms-A, Arabic Presentation Forms-B, Letterlike Symbols,and Number Forms.

27

It should be noted, however, that this naming convention cannot meaningfully be applied to East Asian characters; the typical Unicode descriptions for these characters take the form ‘CJK Unified Ideograph U+4E00’, where U+4E00 is simply the Unicode code point value of the character in question. In cases where no Unicode code point exists, there is little hope of finding a name that helps to identify the character. Names should therefore be constructed in a way meaningful to local practice, for example by using a reference number from a well-known character dictionary or a project-specific serial number.

28

It should be kept in mind that any kind of text encoding is an abstraction and an interpretation of the text at hand, which will not necessarily be useful in reproducing an exact facsimile of the appearance of a manuscript.

29

Because this algorithm may not always give the desired result, Unicode also provides a set of "directional formatting characters" (https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/#Directional_Formatting_Characters). These additional codepoints can be used to signal to rendering software that a specific directionality setting should be turned on or off. However, in the case of documents encoded in XML, there is generally no need to use such characters, and the W3C advises against it unless markup is unavailable. (https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-bidi-controls)

30

At the time of writing, this W3C module has the status of a candidate recommendation: see further Ishi (eds.) (2015)

31

The name is taken from the Greek βουστροφηδόν, meaning ‘ox-turning’ from βοῦς (an ox) and στροφή (‘turn’); that is, turning as an ox does when pulling a plough.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

6. Verse

Table of contents

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

6.4. Rhyme and Metrical Analysis

6.5. Rhyme

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

6.7. Encoding Procedures for Other Verse Features

6.8. Module for Verse

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This module is intended for use when encoding texts which are entirely or predominantly in verse, and for which the elements for encoding verse structure already provided by the core module are inadequate.

The tags described in section 3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse include elements for the encoding of verse lines and line groups such as stanzas: these are available for any TEI document, irrespective of the module it uses. Like the modules for prose and for drama, the module for verse additionally makes use of the module defined in chapter 4. Default Text Structure to define the basic formal structure of a text, in terms of front, body and back elements and the text-division elements into which these may be subdivided.

The module for verse extends the facilities provided by these modules in the following ways:

a special purpose caesura element is provided, to allow for segmentation of the verse line (see section 6.2. Components of the Verse Line)

a set of attributes is provided for the encoding of rhyme scheme and metrical information (see sections 6.4. Rhyme and Metrical Analysis and 6.5. Rhyme)

a special purpose rhyme element is provided to support simple analysis of rhyming words (see section 6.5. Rhyme)

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TEI: Structural Divisions of Verse Texts⚓︎6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

Like other kinds of text, texts written in verse may be of widely differing lengths and structures. A complete poem, no matter how short, may be treated as a free-standing text, and encoded in the same way as a distinct prose text. A group of poems functioning as a single unit may be encoded either as a group or as a text, depending on the encoder's view of the text. For further discussion, including an example encoding for a verse anthology, see chapter 4. Default Text Structure.

Many poems consist only of ungrouped lines. This short poem by Emily Dickinson is a simple case:

<text>
 <front>
  <head>1755</head>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography ⚓︎

Often, however, lines are grouped, formally or informally, into stanzas, verse paragraphs, etc. The lg element defined in the core tag set (in section 3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse) may be used for all such groupings. It may thus serve for informal groupings of lines such as those of the following example from Allen Ginsberg:

<text>
 <body>
  <head>My Alba</head>
  <lg>
   <l>Now that I've wasted</l>
   <l>five years in Manhattan</l>
   <l>life decaying</l>
   <l>talent a blank</l>
  </lg>
  <lg>
   <l>talking disconnected</l>
   <l>patient and mental</l>
   <l>sliderule and number</l>
   <l>machine on a desk</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography ⚓︎

It may also be used to mark the verse paragraphs into which longer poems are often divided, as in the following example from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Frost at Midnight:

<lg>
 <l>The Frost performs its secret ministry,</l>
 <l>Unhelped by any wind. ...</l>
 <l>Whose puny flaps and freaks the idling Spirit</l>
 <l>By its own moods interprets, every where</l>
 <l>Echo or mirror seeking of itself,</l>
 <l part="I">And makes a toy of Thought.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l part="F">But O! how oft,</l>
 <l>How oft, at school, with most believing mind</l>
 <l>Presageful, have I gazed upon the bars,</l>
 <l>To watch that fluttering <hi>stranger</hi>! ... </l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>Dear Babe, that sleepest cradled by my side,</l>
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note, in the above example, the use of the part attribute on the l element, where a verse line is broken between two line groups, as discussed in section 3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse.

Most typically, however, the lg element is used to mark the highly regular line groups which characterize stanzaic and similar verse forms, as in the following example from Chaucer:

<lg>
 <l>Sire Thopas was a doghty swayn;</l>
 <l>White was his face as payndemayn,</l>
 <l>His lippes rede as rose;</l>
 <l>His rode is lyk scarlet in grayn,</l>
 <l>And I yow telle in good certayn,</l>
 <l>He hadde a semely nose.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>His heer, his ber was lyk saffroun,</l>
 <l>That to his girdel raughte adoun;</l>
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

Like other text-division elements, lg elements may be nested hierarchically. For example, one particularly common English stanzaic form consists of a quatrain or sestet followed by a couplet. The lg element may be used to encode both the stanza and its components, as in the following example from Byron:

<lg type="stanza">
 <lg type="sestet">
  <l>In the first year of Freedom's second dawn</l>
  <l>Died George the Third; although no tyrant, one</l>
  <l>Who shielded tyrants, till each sense withdrawn</l>
  <l>Left him nor mental nor external sun:</l>
  <l>A better farmer ne'er brushed dew from lawn,</l>
  <l>A worse king never left a realm undone!</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="couplet">
  <l>He died — but left his subjects still behind,</l>
  <l>One half as mad — and t'other no less blind.</l>
 </lg>
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note the use of the type attribute to name the type of unit encoded by the lg element; this attribute is common to all members of the att.divLike class (see section 4.1.1. Un-numbered Divisions).³² When used on lg, the type attribute is intended solely for conventional names of different classes of text block. For systematic analysis of metrical and rhyme schemes, use the met and rhyme attributes, for which see below, section 6.4. Rhyme and Metrical Analysis.

As a further example, consider the Shakespearean sonnet. This may be divided into two parts: a concluding couplet, and a body of twelve lines, itself subdivided into three quatrains:

<text>
 <body>
  <lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>My Mistres eyes are nothing like the Sunne,</l>
    <l>Currall is farre more red, then her lips red</l>
    <l>If snow be white, why then her brests are dun:</l>
    <l>If haires be wiers, black wiers grown on her head:</l>
   </lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>I have seene Roses damaskt, red and white,</l>
    <l>But no such Roses see I in her cheekes,</l>
    <l>And in some perfumes is there more delight,</l>
    <l>Then in the breath that from my Mistres reekes.</l>
   </lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>I love to heare her speake, yet well I know,</l>
    <l>That Musicke hath a farre more pleasing sound:</l>
    <l>I graunt I never saw a goddesse goe,</l>
    <l>My Mistres when shee walkes treads on the ground.</l>
   </lg>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>And yet by heaven I think my love as rare,</l>
   <l>As any she beli'd with false compare.</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography ⚓︎

Particularly lengthy poetic texts are often subdivided into units larger than stanzas or paragraphs, which may themselves be subdivided. Spenser's Faery Queene, for example, consists of twelve ‘books’ each of which contains a prologue followed by twelve ‘cantos’. Each prologue and each canto consists of nine-line ‘stanzas’, each of which follows the same regular pattern. Other examples in the same tradition are easy to find.

Large structures of this kind are most conveniently represented by div or div1 elements, as described in section 4.1. Divisions of the Body. Thus the start of the Faerie Queene might be encoded as follows:

<body>
 <div n="I" type="book">
  <div n="1" type="canto">
   <lg n="I.1.1" type="stanza">
    <l>A Gentle Knight was pricking on the plain</l>
    <l>Y cladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,</l>
   </lg>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

bibliography ⚓︎

The encoder must choose at which point in the hierarchy of structural units to introduce lg elements rather than a yet smaller div element: it would (for example) also be possible to encode the above example as follows:

<body>
 <div n="I" type="book">
  <div n="I.1" type="canto">
   <div n="I.1.1" type="stanza">
    <l>A gentle knight was pricking on the plain</l>
    <l>Ycladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,</l>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

bibliography ⚓︎

One reason for using div rather than lg elements is that the former may contain non-metrical elements, such as epigraphs or dedications and other members of the model.divTop class, whereas lg elements may contain only headings or metrical lines.

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TEI: Components of the Verse Line⚓︎6.2. Components of the Verse Line

It is often convenient for various kinds of analysis to encode subdivisions of verse lines. The general purpose seg element defined in the tag set for segmentation and alignment (section 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors) is provided for this purpose:

seg (arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the ‘chunk’ level.

To use this element together with the module for verse, the module for segmentation and alignment must also be enabled as further described in section 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

In Old and Middle English alliterative verse, individual verse lines are typically split into half lines. The seg element may be used to mark these explicitly, as in the following example from Langland's Piers Plowman:

<l>
 <seg>In a somer
   seson,</seg>
 <seg>whan softe was the sonne,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg>I shoop me into shroudes</seg>
 <seg>as I a sheep were,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg>In habite as an heremite </seg>
 <seg>unholy of werkes,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg>Went wide in this world </seg>
 <seg>wondres to here.</seg>
</l>

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The seg element can be nested hierarchically, in the same way as the lg element, down to whatever level of detailed structure is required. In the following example, the line has been divided into feet, each of which has been further subdivided into syllables.³³

<l>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">Ar</seg>
  <seg type="syll">ma </seg>
  <seg type="syll">vi</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">rum</seg>
  <seg type="syll">que </seg>
  <seg type="syll">ca</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">no </seg>
  <seg type="syll">Tro</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">iae </seg>
  <seg type="syll">qui </seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">pri</seg>
  <seg type="syll">mus </seg>
  <seg type="syll">ab </seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">or</seg>
  <seg type="syll">is </seg>
 </seg>
</l>

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The seg element may be used to identify any subcomponent of a line which has content; its type attribute may characterize such units in any way appropriate to the needs of the encoder. For the specific case of labeling each foot with its formal type (‘dactyl’, ‘spondee’, etc.), and each syllable with its metrical or prosodic status (syllables bearing primary or secondary stress, long syllables, short syllables), however, the specialized attributes met and real are defined, which provide a more systematic framework than the type attribute; see section 6.4. Rhyme and Metrical Analysis below.

In classical verse, a hexameter like that above may also be formally divided into two cola or ‘hemistiches’. This example provides a typical case, in that the boundary of the first colon falls in the middle of one of the feet (between the syllables ‘no’ and ‘Tro’). If both kinds of segmentation are required, the part attribute might be used to mark the overlapping structure as follows.

<l>
 <seg type="hemistich">
  <seg type="foot">
   <seg type="syll">Ar</seg>
   <seg type="syll">ma </seg>
   <seg type="syll">vi</seg>
  </seg>
  <seg type="foot">
   <seg type="syll">rum</seg>
   <seg type="syll">que </seg>
   <seg type="syll">ca</seg>
  </seg>
  <seg type="foot" part="I">
   <seg type="syll">no </seg>
  </seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="hemistich">
  <seg type="foot" part="F">
   <seg type="syll">Tro</seg>
  </seg>
  <seg type="foot">
   <seg type="syll">iae </seg>
   <seg type="syll">qui </seg>
  </seg>
 </seg>
</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

Instead of using the part attribute on the seg element, it might be simpler just to mark the point at which the caesura occurs. An additional element is provided for analyses of this kind, in which what is to be marked are points ‘between the words’, which have some significance within a verse line:

caesura marks the point at which a metrical line may be divided.

In classical prosody, the caesura, which occurs within a foot, is distinguished from a diaeresis, which occurs on a foot boundary (not to be confused with the division of a diphthong into two syllables, or the diacritic symbol used to indicate such division, each of which is also termed diaeresis). This distinction is rarely made nowadays, the term caesura being used for any division irrespective of foot boundaries. No special-purpose <diaeresis> element is therefore provided.

As an example of the caesura element, we refer again to the example from Langland. An encoder might choose simply to record the location of the caesura within each line, rather than encoding each half-line as a segment in its own right, as follows:

<l>In a somer seson,
<caesura/> whan softe was the sonne, </l>
<l>I shoop me into shroudes <caesura/> as I a sheep were, </l>
<l>In habite as an heremite <caesura/> unholy of werkes, </l>
<l>Went wide in this world <caesura/> wondres to here. </l>

bibliography ⚓︎

Logically, the opposite of caesura might be considered to be enjambement. When the verse module is included in a schema, an additional class called att.enjamb is defined as follows:

att.enjamb (enjambement) provides attributes that may be used to indicate enjambement of the parent element.

enjamb
(enjambement) indicates that the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement. Sample values include: 1] no; 2] yes; 3] weak; 4] strong

The following lines demonstrate the use of the enjamb attribute to mark places where there is a discrepancy between the boundaries of the l elements and the syntactic structure of the verse (a discrepancy of some significance in some schools of verse):

<l enjamb="y">Un astrologue, un jour, se laissa choir</l>
<l>Au fond d'un puits.</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses⚓︎6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

It is possible that certain textual structures may span multiple lines of verse, either by incorporating more than one, or by crossing line hierarchy. This is common, for example, when lines contain reported thought or speech (i.e. said), or other forms of quotation (i.e. q). For these cases, it is recommended practice to fragment and reconstruct the elements representing the textual structures.

The following example from Margaret Cavendish's Nature's Pictures shows speech encoded across two lines reconstructed by chaining elements with prev and next attributes:

<lg type="couplet">
 <l>
  <said xml:id="eg1-said1"
   next="#eg1-said2">Our lives</said>, ſaid he,
 <said xml:id="eg1-said2"
   next="#eg1-said3" prev="#eg1-said1">wee'll give before we yield</said>,
 </l>
 <l>
  <said xml:id="eg1-said3"
   prev="#eg1-said2">Wee'll win your battles, or dye in the field</said>.
 </l>
</lg>

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Alternatively, the elements may be reconstructed with stand-off markup using the element join:

<lg type="couplet">
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said1">Our lives</seg>, ſaid he,
 <seg xml:id="eg2-said2">wee'll give before we yield</seg>,
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said3">Wee'll win your battles, or dye in the field</seg>.
 </l>
</lg>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="said" scope="root"
  target="#eg2-said1 #eg2-said2 #eg2-said3"/>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

A more general discussion of these and other strategies to deal with fragmentation and reconstruction appears in section 21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements.

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TEI: Rhyme and Metrical Analysis⚓︎6.4. Rhyme and Metrical Analysis

When the module for verse is in use, the following additional attributes are available to record information about rhyme and metrical form:

att.metrical defines a set of attributes that certain elements may use to represent metrical information.

met | (metrical structure, conventional) contains a user-specified encoding for the conventional metrical structure of the element.
real | (metrical structure, realized) contains a user-specified encoding for the actual realization of the conventional metrical structure applicable to the element.
rhyme | (rhyme scheme) specifies the rhyme scheme applicable to a group of verse lines.

These attributes may be attached to the lg element, or to the higher-level text-division elements div, div1, etc. In general, the attributes should be specified at the highest level possible; they may not however be specifiable at the highest level if some of the subdivisions of a text are in prose and others in verse. All these attributes may also be attached to the l and seg elements, but the default notation for the rhyme attribute has no defined meaning when specified on l or seg. The value for these attributes may take any form desired by the encoder, but the nature of the notation used will determine how well the attribute values can be processed by automatic means.

The primary function of the metrical attributes is to encode the conventional metrical or rhyming structure within which the poet is working, rather than the actual prosodic realization of each line; the latter can be recorded using the real attribute, as further discussed below. A simple mechanism is also provided for recording the actual realization of a rhyme pattern; see 6.5. Rhyme.

Next 6.4.2. Segment-Level versus Line-level Tagging

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TEI: Sample Metrical Analyses⚓︎6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

As a simple example of the use of these attributes, consider the following lines from Pope's Essay on Criticism:

<div type="book" n="1" met="-+|-+|-+|-+|-+/"
 rhyme="aa">
 <lg n="1" type="paragraph">
  <l>'Tis hard to say, if greater Want of Skill</l>
  <l>Appear in <hi>Writing</hi> or in <hi>Judging</hi> ill;</l>
  <l>But, of the two, less dang'rous is th'Offence,</l>
  <l>To tire our <hi>Patience</hi>, than mis-lead our <hi>Sense</hi>:</l>
 </lg>
</div>

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This text is written entirely in heroic couplets; each line is an iambic pentameter (which, using a common notation, can be described with the formula -+|-+|-+|-+|-+/, each - denoting a metrically unstressed syllable, each + a metrically stressed one, each | a foot boundary, and the / a line-end), and the couplets rhyme (which can be represented with the conventional formula aa).

Because both rhyme pattern and metrical form are consistent throughout the poem, they may be conveniently specified on the div element; the values given for the attributes will be inherited by any metrical unit contained within the div elements of this poem, and must be interpreted in the appropriate way.

Since the notation used in the met, real, and rhyme attributes is user-defined, no binding description can be given of its details or of how its interpretation must proceed. (A default notation is provided for the rhyme attribute, which however the encoder can replace with another; see section 6.5. Rhyme.) It is expected, however, that software should be able to support these attributes in useful ways; the more intelligent the software is, and the more knowledge of metrics is built into it, the better it will be able to support these attributes. In the extract given above, for example, the met and rhyme attribute values specified on the div element are inherited directly by the lg elements nested within it. Since the met value specifies the metrical form of a single verse line, the structure of the lg as a whole is understood to involve as many repetitions of the pattern as there are lines in the verse paragraph. The same attribute value, when inherited in turn by the l element, must be understood not to repeat. With sufficiently sophisticated software, segments within the line might even be understood as inheriting precisely that portion of the formula which applies to the segment in question; this will, however, be easier to accomplish for some languages than for others.

The rhyme attribute in this example uses the default notation to specify a rhyme scheme applicable only to pairs of lines. As elsewhere, the default notation for the rhyme attribute has no meaning for metrical units at the line level or below. In verse forms where line-internal rhyme is structurally significant, e.g. in some skaldic poetry, the default notation is incapable of expressing the required information, since the rhyme pattern may need to be specified for units smaller than the line. In such cases, a user-specified rhyme notation must be substituted for the default notation, or else the rhyme pattern must be described using some alternative method (e.g. by using the link mechanism described below).

The precise semantics of the met attribute and the inferences which software is expected or able to draw from it, are implementation-dependent; so are the semantics and processing of the rhyme attribute, when user-specified notations are used.

A formal definition of the significance of each component of the pattern given as the value of the met attribute may be provided in the metDecl element within the encodingDesc element in the TEI header (see section 6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration). The encoder is free to invent any notation appropriate to his or her analytic needs, provided that it is adequately documented in this element. The notation may define metrical components using invented or traditional names (such as ‘iamb’ or ‘hexameter’) or in terms of basic units such as codes for stressed or unstressed syllables, or a combination of the two.

The real (for ‘realization’) attribute may optionally be specified to indicate any deviation from the pattern defined by the met attribute which the encoder wishes to record. By default, the real attribute has the same value as the met attribute on the same element; it is only necessary to provide an explicit value when the realization differs in some way from the abstract metrical pattern. The tension between conventional metrical pattern and its realization may thus be recorded explicitly. For example, many readers of the above passage would stress the word ‘But’ at the beginning of the third line rather than the word ‘of’ following it, as the metrical pattern would normally require. This variation might be encoded as follows:

<l real="+-|-+|-+|-+|-+">But, of the two, ...</l>

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Where the real attribute is used to over-ride the default or conventional metrical pattern, it applies only to the element on which it is specified. The default pattern for any subsequent lines is unaffected.

As it happens, this particular kind of variation is very common in the English iambic pentameter—it even has a name: trochaic substitution—an encoder might therefore choose to regard this not as an instance of a variant realization, but as an instance of a variant metrical form:

<l met="+-|-+|-+|-+|-+">But, of the two, ...</l>

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Alternatively, a different metrical notation might be defined, in which this kind of variation was permitted throughout the text.

In choosing whether to over-ride a metrical specification in this way or by using the real attribute, the encoder is required to determine whether the change is a systematic or conventional one (as in this example) or an occasional variation, perhaps for local effect. In the following example, from Goethe's Auf dem See, the variation is a matter of local realization:

<lg type="chevy-chase-stanza"
 met="-+-+-+-+/-+-+-+" rhyme="ababcdcd">
 <l n="1"> Und frische Nahrung, neues Blut</l>
 <l n="2" real="+--+-+"> Saug' ich aus freier Welt;</l>
 <l n="3" real="+--+-+-+"> Wie ist Natur so hold und gut,</l>
 <l n="4" real="---+-+"> Die mich am Busen hält!</l>
 <l n="5"> Die Welle wieget unsern Kahn</l>
 <l n="6"> Im Rudertakt hinauf,</l>
 <l n="7"> Und Berge, wolkig himmelan,</l>
 <l n="8"> Begegnen unserm Lauf.</l>
</lg>

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On the other hand, the famous inserted alexandrine in Pope's ‘Essay on Criticism’, might be encoded as follows:

<l n="356"> A
needless alexandrine ends the song, </l>
<l n="357" met="-+|-+|-+|-+|-+|-+"
 real="++|-+|-+|+-|++|-+"> That, like a wounded
snake, drags its slow length along. </l>

bibliography ⚓︎

Here the met attribute indicates that a different metrical convention (the alexandrine) is in force, while the real attribute indicates that there is a variation from that convention. As with many other aspects of metrical analysis, however, this is of necessity an entirely interpretive judgment.

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TEI: Segment-Level versus Line-level Tagging⚓︎6.4.2. Segment-Level versus Line-level Tagging

The examples given so far have encoded information about the realization of metrical conventions at the level of the whole verse-line. This has obvious advantages of simplicity, but the disadvantage that any deviation from metrical convention is not marked at its precise point of occurrence in the text. Greater precision may be achieved, but only at the cost of marking deviant metrical units explicitly. This may be done with the seg element, giving the variant realization as the value of the real attribute on that element. Using this method, the example given immediately above might be encoded as follows:

<l n="356"> A need<seg type="foot" n="2" real="--">less a</seg>lexandrine ends the song,</l>
<l n="357" met="-+|-+|-+|-+|-+|-+">
 <seg n="1" real="++"> That, like </seg> a wounded snake, <seg n="4" real="+-"> drags its </seg>
 <seg n="5" real="++"> slow length </seg> along.
</l>

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The marking of the foot boundaries with the symbol | in the met attribute value of the l element allows the human reader, or a sufficiently intelligent software program, to isolate the correct portion of that attribute value as the default value for the same attribute on the seg elements for feet, namely -+. It is of course up to the encoder to decide whether or not to include the n attribute of seg here, and whether or not also to tag the feet in the line in which there is no deviation from the metrical convention. The ability of software to infer which foot is being marked, if not all are tagged, will depend heavily on the language of the text and the knowledge of prosody built into the software; the fuller and more explicit the markup, the easier it will be for software to handle it. It may prove useful, however, to mark metrical deviations in the manner shown, even if the available software is not sufficiently intelligent to scan lines without aid from the markup. Human readers who are interested in prosody may well be able to exploit the markup in useful ways even with less sophisticated software.

There are circumstances where it may also be useful to use the met attribute of seg. If we wish to identify the exact location of the different types of foot in the first line of Virgil's Aeneid, the text could be encoded as follows (for simplicity's sake the caesura has been omitted):

<l>
 <seg type="foot" met="+--">Arma vi</seg>
 <seg met="+--">rumque ca</seg>
 <seg met="++">no Tro</seg>
 <seg met="++">iae qui </seg>
 <seg met="+--">primus ab</seg>
 <seg met="++"> oris</seg>
</l>

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An appropriate value of the met attribute might also be supplied on the enclosing div element, to indicate that each foot may be made up of a dactyl or a spondee, so that the values given here for met at the level of the foot may be considered a series of local variations on this fundamental pattern; in cases like this, of course, the local variations may also be considered aspects of realization rather than of convention, in which case the real attribute may be used instead of met, if desired.

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TEI: Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse⚓︎6.4.3. Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse

The method described above may be used to encode quite complex verse forms, for instance various kinds of fixed-form stanzas. Let us take one of Dante's canzoni, in which each stanza except the last has the same combination of eleven-syllable and seven-syllable lines, and the same rhyme scheme:

<div type="canzone"
 met="E/E/S/E/S/E/E/S/E/S/E/S/S/E/S/E/E/S/S/E/E" rhyme="abbcdaccbdceeffghhhgg">
 <lg n="1" type="stanza">
  <l n="1">Doglia mi reca nello core ardire</l>
 </lg>
</div>

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Here the met attribute specifies a metrical pattern for each of the twenty-one lines making up a stanza of the canzone. Each stanza inherits this definition from the parent div element. The rhyme attribute specifies a rhyme scheme for each stanza, in the same way.

In the metrical notation used here, the letter E represents a line containing nine syllables which may or may not be metrically prominent, a tenth which is prominent and an optional non-prominent eleventh syllable. The letter ‘S’ is used to represent a line containing five syllables which may or may not be metrically prominent, a sixth which is prominent and an optional non-prominent seventh syllable. A suitable definition for this notation might be given by a metDecl element like the following:

<metDecl type="met" pattern="((E|S)/)+)">
 <metSym value="E" terminal="false">xxxxxxxxx+o</metSym>
 <metSym value="S" terminal="false">xxxxx+o</metSym>
 <metSym value="x">metrically prominent or non-prominent</metSym>
 <metSym value="+">metrically prominent</metSym>
 <metSym value="o">optional non prominent</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">line division</metSym>
</metDecl>

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As noted above, the metrical pattern specified on the div applies to each lg (stanza) element contained within the div. In fact however, after seven stanzas of this type, there is a final stanza, known as a commiato or envoi, which follows a different metrical and rhyming scheme. The solution to this problem is simply to specify a new met attribute on the eighth stanza itself, which will override the default value inherited from parent div, as follows:

<div met="[...]">
 <lg>
  <l> ... </l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="commiato"
  met="E/S/S/E/S/E/E/S/S/E/E" rhyme="abbccdeeedd">
  <l n="1">Canzone, presso di qui è une donna</l>
 </lg>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that, in the same way as for the real attribute, over-riding of this kind does not affect subsequent elements at the same hierarchic level. Any lg element following the commiato above would be assumed to use the same metrical and rhyming scheme as the one preceding the commiato. Moreover, although it is quite regular (in the sense that the last stanza of each canzone is a commiato), the over-riding must be specified for each case.

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TEI: Rhyme⚓︎6.5. Rhyme

The rhyme attribute is used to specify the rhyme pattern of a verse form. It should not be confused with the rhyme element, which is used to mark the actual rhyming word or words:

rhyme marks the rhyming part of a metrical line.

Like the met attribute, the rhyme attribute can be used with a user-specified notation documented by the metDecl element in the TEI header. Unlike met, however, the rhyme attribute has a default notation; if this default notation is used, no metDecl element need be given.

The default notation for rhyme offers the ability to record patterns of rhyming lines, using the traditional notation in which distinct letters stand for rhyming lines. For a work in rhyming couplets, like the Pope example above, the rhyme attribute simply specifies aa, indicating that pairs of adjacent lines rhyme with each other. For a slightly more complex scheme, applicable to groups of four lines, in which lines 1 and 3 rhyme, as do lines 2 and 4, this attribute would have the value abab. The traditional Spenserian stanza has the pattern ababbcbcc, indicating that within each nine line stanza, lines 1 and 3 rhyme with each other, as do lines 2, 4, 5 and 7, and lines 6, 8 and 9.

Non-rhyming lines within such a group may be represented using a hyphen or an x, as in the following example:

<lg rhyme="aa-a">
 <l>Why, all the Saints and Sages who discuss'd</l>
 <l>Of the Two Worlds so learnedly, are thrust</l>
 <l>Like foolish Prophets forth; their Words to Scorn</l>
 <l>Are scatter'd, and their Mouths are stopt with Dust. </l>
</lg>

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The rhyme element may be used to mark the words (or parts of words) which rhyme according to a predefined pattern:

<lg type="couplet" rhyme="aa">
 <l>Outside in the distance a wildcat did <rhyme>growl</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Two riders were approaching and the wind began to <rhyme>howl</rhyme>
 </l>
</lg>

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The label attribute is used to specify which parts of a rhyme scheme a given set of rhyming words represent:

<lg type="quatrain" rhyme="abab">
 <l>I wander thro' each charter'd <rhyme label="a">street</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Near where the charter'd Thames does <rhyme label="b">flow</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>And mark in every face I <rhyme label="a">meet</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Marks of weakness, marks of <rhyme label="b">woe</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>
<lg rhyme="abab">
 <l>In every cry of every <rhyme label="a">Man</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>In every Infant's cry of <rhyme label="b">fear</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>In every voice, in every <rhyme label="a">ban</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>The mind-forg'd manacles I <rhyme label="b">hear</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

Within a given scope, all rhyme elements with the same value for their label attribute are assumed to rhyme with each other: thus, in the above example, the two rhymes labelled a in the first stanza rhyme with each other, but not necessarily with those labelled a in the second stanza. The scope is defined by the nearest ancestor element for which the rhyme attribute has been supplied.

The rhyme element can appear anywhere within a verse line, and not necessarily around a single word. It can thus be used to mark quite complex internal rhyming schemes, as in the following example:

<lg rhyme="ABCCBBA">
 <l>The sunlight on the <rhyme label="A">garden</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>
  <rhyme label="A">Harden</rhyme>s and grows <rhyme label="B">cold</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>We cannot cage the <rhyme label="C">minute</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Wi<rhyme label="C">thin it</rhyme>s nets of <rhyme label="B">gold</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>When all is <rhyme label="B">told</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot beg for <rhyme label="A">pardon</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

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This mechanism, although reasonably simple for simple cases, may not be appropriate for more complex applications. In general, rhyme may be considered as a special form of ‘correspondence’, and hence encoded using the mechanisms defined for that purpose in section 17.5. Correspondence and Alignment. Similar considerations apply to other metrical features such as alliteration or assonance.

To use the correspondence mechanisms to represent the complex rhyming pattern of the above example, each rhyme element must be given a unique identifier, as follows:

<lg rhyme="AB-BBA">
 <l>The sunlight on the <rhyme xml:id="V-A1">garden</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>
  <rhyme xml:id="V-A2">Harden</rhyme>s and grows <rhyme xml:id="V-B1">cold,</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot cage the <rhyme xml:id="V-C1">minute</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Wi<rhyme xml:id="V-C2">thin it</rhyme>s nets of <rhyme xml:id="V-B2">gold</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>When all is <rhyme xml:id="V-B3">told</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot beg for <rhyme xml:id="V-A3">pardon</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

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Now that each rhyming word, or part-word, has been tagged and allocated an arbitrary identifier, the general purpose link element may be used to indicate which of the rhyme elements share the same rhyme, as follows:

<linkGrp type="rhyme">
 <link target="#V-A1 #V-A2 #V-A3"/>
 <link target="#V-B1 #V-B2 #V-B3"/>
 <link target="#V-C1 #V-C2"/>
</linkGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

For further discussion of the link and linkGrp element, see section 17.5. Correspondence and Alignment.

The rhyme and caesura phrase level elements are made available by the model.lPart class when the module defined by this chapter is included in a schema.

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TEI: Metrical Notation Declaration⚓︎6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

When the module defined in this chapter is included in a schema, a specialized element is optionally available in the encodingDesc element of the TEI header to document the metrical notation used in marking up a text.

metDecl (metrical notation declaration) documents the notation employed to represent a metrical pattern when this is specified as the value of a met, real, or rhyme attribute on any structural element of a metrical text (e.g. lg, l, or seg).

pattern
(regular expression pattern) specifies a regular expression defining any value that is legal for this notation.

metSym (metrical notation symbol) documents the intended significance of a particular character or character sequence within a metrical notation, either explicitly or in terms of other metSym elements in the same metDecl.

value | specifies the character or character sequence being documented.
terminal | specifies whether the symbol is defined in terms of other symbols (terminal is set to false) or in prose (terminal is set to true).

As with other components of the header, metrical notation may be specified either formally or informally. In a formal specification, every symbol used in the metrical notation must be documented by a corresponding metSym element; in an informal one, only a brief prose description of the way in which the notation is used need be given. In either case, the optional pattern attribute may be used to supply a regular expression which a processor can use to validate expressions in the intended notation. The following constraints apply:

if pattern is supplied, any notation used which does not conform to it should be regarded as invalid

if any metSym is defined, then any notation using undefined symbols should be regarded as invalid

if both pattern and symbol are defined, then every symbol appearing explicitly within pattern must be defined

symbols which are not matched by pattern may be defined within a metDecl element

As a simple example, consider the case of the notation in which metrical prominence, metrical feet, and line boundaries are all to be encoded. Legal specifications in this notation may be written for any sequence of metrically prominent or non-prominent features, optionally separated by foot or metrical line boundaries at arbitrary points. Assuming that the symbol 1 is used for metrical prominence, 0 for non-prominence, | for foot boundary and / for line boundary, then the following declaration achieves this objective:

<metDecl pattern="((1|0)+\|?/?)*">
 <metSym value="1">metrical prominence</metSym>
 <metSym value="0">metrical non-prominence</metSym>
 <metSym value="|">foot boundary</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
</metDecl>

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The same notation might also be specified less formally, as follows:

<metDecl>
 <p>Metrically prominent syllables are marked '1' and other
   syllables '0'. Foot divisions are marked by a vertical bar,
   and line divisions with a solidus.</p>
 <p>This notation may be applied to any metrical unit, of any
   size (including, for example, individual feet as well as
   groups of lines).</p>
</metDecl>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that in this case, because the pattern attribute has not been supplied, no processor can validate met attribute values within the text which use this metrical notation.

For more complex cases, it will often be more convenient to define a notation incrementally. The terminal attribute should be used to indicate for a given symbol whether or not it may be re-defined in terms of other symbols used within the same notation. For example, here is a notation for encoding classical metres, in which symbols are provided for the most common types of foot. These symbols are themselves documented within the same notation, in terms of more primitive long and short syllables:

<metDecl pattern="[DTIS3A]+">
 <metSym n="dactyl" value="D"
  terminal="false">-oo</metSym>
 <metSym n="trochee" value="T"
  terminal="false">-o</metSym>
 <metSym n="iamb" value="I" terminal="false">o-</metSym>
 <metSym n="spondee" value="S"
  terminal="false">--</metSym>
 <metSym n="tribrach" value="3"
  terminal="false">ooo</metSym>
 <metSym n="anapaest" value="A"
  terminal="false">oo-</metSym>
 <metSym value="o">short syllable</metSym>
 <metSym value="-">long syllable</metSym>
</metDecl>

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Note here the use of the global n attribute to supply an additional name for the symbols being documented.

Where an encoder wishes to use more than one different pattern for metrical notation, multiple metDecl elements may be included in the encodingDesc, each supplied with an xml:id. The decls attribute may be used in the text of the document to specify which metDecl is in force at a particular point in the text. In this example, two metDecls are defined in the header, one with an English verse pattern and one with a French pattern. In the body of the document, there are two div elements, one declaring the English pattern and one the French:

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <metDecl xml:id="md_en" type="met"
  pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
  <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
 </metDecl>
 <metDecl xml:id="md_fr" type="met"
  pattern="(AAAAAT\|AAAAT(A)?)">
  <metSym value="T">syllabe tonique</metSym>
  <metSym value="A">syllabe atone</metSym>
  <metSym value="|">pause métrique</metSym>
 </metDecl>
<!-- ... -->
</encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div decls="#md_en">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
 <div decls="#md_fr">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Encoding Procedures for Other Verse Features⚓︎6.7. Encoding Procedures for Other Verse Features

A number of procedures that may be of particular concern to encoders of verse texts are dealt with elsewhere in these guidelines. Some aspects of layout and physical appearance, especially important in the case of free verse, are dealt with in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources. Some initial recommendations for the encoding of phonetic or prosodic transcripts, which may be helpful in the analysis of sound structures in poetry, are to be found in chapter 8. Transcriptions of Speech; it may also be found convenient to use standard entity names (those proposed for the International Phonetic Alphabet suggest themselves) to mark positions of suprasegmentals such as primary and secondary stress, or other aspects of accentual structure.

As already indicated, chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment contains much which will be found useful for the aligning of multiple levels of commentary and structure within verse analysis. Encoders of verse (as of other types of literary text) will frequently wish to attach identifying labels to portions of text that are not part of a system of hierarchical divisions, may overlap with one another, and/or may be discontinuous; for instance passages associated with particular characters, themes, images, allusions, topoi, styles, or modes of narration. Much of the computerized analysis of verse seems likely to require dividing texts up into blocks in this way. The span element discussed in 18.3. Spans and Interpretations provides the means for doing this. Finally, the procedures for the tagging of feature structures, described in chapter 19. Feature Structures, provide a powerful means of encoding a wide variety of aspects of verse literature, including not only the metrical structures discussed above, but also such stylistic and rhetorical features as metaphor.

For other features it must for the time being be left to encoders to devise their own terminology. Elements such as <metaphor tenor="..." vehicle="..."> ... </metaphor> might well suggest themselves; but given the problems of definition involved, and the great richness of modern metaphor theory, it is clear that any such format, if predefined by these Guidelines, would have seemed objectionable to some and excessively restrictive to many. Leaving the choice of tagging terminology to individual encoders carries with it one vital corollary, however: the encoder must be utterly explicit, in the TEI header, about the methods of tagging used and the criteria and definitions on which they rest. Where no formal elements are currently proposed, such information may readily be given as simple prose description within the encodingDesc element defined in section 2.3. The Encoding Description.

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TEI: Module for Verse⚓︎6.8. Module for Verse

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module verse: Verse structures

Elements defined: caesura metDecl metSym rhyme

Classes defined: att.enjamb att.metrical

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

32

For discussion of other attributes of this class, see 4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions.

33

As elsewhere in these Guidelines, this example has been formatted for clarity of exposition rather than correct display. Note in particular that whether an XML processor retains whitespace within the seg element or not (this can be configured by means of the xml:space attribute) this example will still require additional processing, since whitespace should be retained for the lower level seg elements (those of type syll) but not for the higher level one (those of type foot).

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

7. Performance Texts

Table of contents

7.1. Front and Back Matter

7.2. The Body of a Performance Text

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

7.4. Module for Performance Texts

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This module is intended for use when encoding printed dramatic texts, screen plays or radio scripts, and written transcriptions of any other form of performance.

Section 7.1. Front and Back Matter discusses elements such as cast lists, which can appear only in the front or back matter of printed dramatic texts. Section 7.2. The Body of a Performance Text discusses the structural components of performance texts: these include major structural divisions such as acts and scenes (section 7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions); individual speeches (section 7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers); groups of speeches (section 7.2.3. Grouped Speeches); stage directions (section 7.2.4. Stage Directions); and the elements making up individual speeches (section 7.2.5. Speech Contents). Section 7.2.6. Embedded Structures discusses ways of encoding units which cross the simple hierarchic structure so far defined, such as embedded songs or masques. Finally, section 7.3. Other Types of Performance Text discusses a small number of additional elements characteristic of screen plays and radio or television scripts, as well as some elements for representing technical stage directions such as lighting or blocking.

The default structure for dramatic texts is similar to that defined by chapter 4. Default Text Structure, as further discussed in section 7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions.

Two element classes are used by this module. The model.frontPart.drama class supplies specialized elements which can appear only in the front or back matter of performance texts. The model.stageLike class supplies a set of elements for stage directions and similar items such as camera movements, which can occur between or within speeches.

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TEI: Front and Back Matter ⚓︎7.1. Front and Back Matter

In dramatic texts, as in all TEI-conformant documents, the header element is followed by a text element, which contains optional front and back matter, and either a body or else a group of nested text elements. For more information on these, see chapter 4. Default Text Structure.

The front and back elements are most likely to be of use when encoding preliminary materials in published performance texts. When the module defined by this chapter is included in a schema, the following additional elements not generally found in other forms of text become available as part of the front or back matter:

performance (performance) contains a section of front or back matter describing how a dramatic piece is to be performed in general or how it was performed on some specific occasion.

prologue (prologue) contains the prologue to a drama, typically spoken by an actor out of character, possibly in association with a particular performance or venue.

epilogue (epilogue) contains the epilogue to a drama, typically spoken by an actor out of character, possibly in association with a particular performance or venue.

set (setting) contains a description of the setting, time, locale, appearance, etc., of the action of a play, typically found in the front matter of a printed performance text (not a stage direction).

castList (cast list) contains a single cast list or dramatis personae.

Elements for encoding each of these specific kinds of front matter are discussed in the remainder of this section, in the order given above. In addition, the front matter of dramatic texts may include the same elements as that of any other kind of text, notably title pages and various kinds of text division, as discussed in section 4.5. Front Matter. The encoder may choose to ignore the specialized elements discussed in this section and instead use constructions of the type <div type="performance"> or <div1 type="set">.

Most other material in the front matter of a performance text will be marked with the default text structure elements described in chapter 4. Default Text Structure. For example, the title page, dedication, other commendatory material, preface, etc., in a printed text should be encoded using div or div1 elements, containing headings, paragraphs, and other core tags.

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TEI: The Set Element⚓︎7.1.1. The Set Element

A special form of note describing the setting of a dramatic text (that is, the time and place of its action) is sometimes found in the front matter.

set (setting) contains a description of the setting, time, locale, appearance, etc., of the action of a play, typically found in the front matter of a printed performance text (not a stage direction).

Descriptions of the setting may also appear as initial stage directions in the body of the play, but such descriptions should be marked as stage directions, not set. The set element should be used only where the description forms part of the front matter, as in the following examples:

<front>
 <castList>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <p>The action of the play is set in Chicago's
     Southside, sometime between World War II and the
     present.</p>
 </set>
</front>

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<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Prologues and Epilogues⚓︎7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

Many plays in the Western tradition include in their front matter a prologue, spoken by an actor, generally not in character. Similar speeches often also occur at the end of the play, as epilogues. The elements prologue and epilogue are provided for the encoding of such features within the front or back matter, where appropriate.

prologue (prologue) contains the prologue to a drama, typically spoken by an actor out of character, possibly in association with a particular performance or venue.

epilogue (epilogue) contains the epilogue to a drama, typically spoken by an actor out of character, possibly in association with a particular performance or venue.

A prologue may be encoded just like a distinct poem, as in the following example:

<front>
 <prologue>
  <head>Prologue, spoken by <name>Mr. Hart</name>
  </head>
  <l>Poets like Cudgel'd Bullys, never do</l>
  <l>At first, or second blow, submit to you;</l>
  <l>But will provoke you still, and ne're have done,</l>
  <l>Till you are weary first, with laying on:</l>
  <l>We patiently you see, give up to you,</l>
  <l>Our Poets, Virgins, nay our Matrons too.</l>
 </prologue>
 <castList>
  <head>The Persons</head>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <head>The SCENE</head>
  <p>London</p>
 </set>
</front>

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A prologue or epilogue may also be encoded as a speech, using the sp element described in section 3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama. This is particularly appropriate where stage directions, etc., are involved, as in the following example:

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name>
   and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage>Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

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In cases where the prologue or epilogue is clearly a significant part of the dramatic action, it may be preferable to include it in the body of a text, rather than in the front or back matter. In such cases, the encoder (and theatrical tradition) will determine whether or not to regard it as a new scene or division, or simply the final speech in the play. In the First Folio version of Shakespeare's Tempest, for example, Prospero's final speech is clearly marked off as a distinct textual unit by the headings and layout of the page, and might therefore be encoded as back matter:

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

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In many modern editions, the editors have chosen to regard Prospero's speech as a part of the preceding scene:

<sp>
 <speaker>Prospero</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I'll deliver all,</l>
 <l>And promise you calm seas, auspicious gales,</l>
 <l>Be free and fare thou well. <stage type="exit">Exit Ariel</stage>
   Please you, draw near. <stage type="exit">Exeunt all but Prospero</stage>
  <note place="margin">Epilogue</note>
 </l>
 <l>Now my charms are all o'erthrown,</l>
 <l>And what strength I have's mine own</l>
 <l>As you from crimes would pardoned be,</l>
 <l>Let your indulgence set me free.</l>
</sp>
<stage type="mix">He awaits applause, then exit.</stage>

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TEI: Records of Performances⚓︎7.1.3. Records of Performances

Performance texts are not only printed in books to be read, they are also performed. It is common practice therefore to include within the front matter of a printed dramatic text some brief account of particular performances, using the following element:

performance (performance) contains a section of front or back matter describing how a dramatic piece is to be performed in general or how it was performed on some specific occasion.

The performance element may be used to group any and all information relating to the actual performance of a play or screenplay, whether it specifies how the play should be performed in general or how it was performed in practice on some occasion.

Performance information may include complex structures such as cast lists, or paragraphs describing the date and location of a performance, details about the setting portrayed in the performance and so forth. (See the discussion of these specialized structures in section 7.1. Front and Back Matter above.) If information for more than one performance is being recorded, then more than one performance element should be used, wherever possible.

Names of persons, places, and dates of particular significance within the performance record may be explicitly marked using the general purpose name, <rs type="place"> and date elements described in section 3.6.4. Dates and Times. No particular elements for such features as stagehouses, directors, etc., are proposed at this time.

For example:

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

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Or:

<performance>
 <p>La Machine Infernale a été
   représentée pour la première fois au
 <rs type="place-theatre">théâtre Louis-Jouvet</rs>
  <rs type="place-theatre">(Comédie des
     Champs-élysées)</rs>
  <date>le 10 avril 1934</date>,
   avec les décors et les costumes de
 <name>Christian Bérard.</name> ... </p>
</performance>

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TEI: Cast Lists⚓︎7.1.4. Cast Lists

A cast list is a specialized form of list, conventionally found at the start or end of a play, usually listing all the speaking and non-speaking roles in the play, often with additional description (‘Cataplasma, a maker of Periwigges and Attires’) or the name of an actor or actress (‘Old Lady Squeamish. Mrs Rutter’). Cast lists may be encoded with the general purpose list element described in section 3.8. Lists, but for more detailed work the following specialized elements are provided:

castList (cast list) contains a single cast list or dramatis personae.

castGroup (cast list grouping) groups one or more individual castItem elements within a cast list.

castItem (cast list item) contains a single entry within a cast list, describing either a single role or a list of non-speaking roles.

type
characterizes the cast item.

A castItem element may contain any mixture of elements taken from the model.castItemPart class, members of which (when this module is included) are:

role (role) contains the name of a dramatic role, as given in a cast list.

roleDesc (role description) describes a character's role in a drama.

actor contains the name of an actor appearing within a cast list.

Cast lists often have an internal structure of their own; it is quite usual to find, for example, nobility and commoners, or male and female roles, presented in different groups or sublists. Roles are also often grouped together by their function, for example:

Sons of Cato:

Portius

Marcus

A cast list relating to a specific performance may be accompanied by notes about the time or place of that performance, indicating (for example) the name of the theatre where the play was first presented, the name of the producer or director, and so forth. When the cast list relates to a specific performance, it should be embedded within a performance element (see section 7.1.3. Records of Performances), as in the following example:

<performance>
 <p>The first performance in Great Britain of <title>Waiting for
     Godot</title> was given at the Arts Theatre, London, on
 <date when="1955-08-03">3rd August 1955</date>. It was directed by
 <name>Peter Hall</name>, and the décor was by <name>Peter
     Snow</name>. The cast was as follows:</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>Estragon: Peter Woodthorpe</castItem>
  <castItem>Vladimir: Paul Daneman</castItem>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>

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In this example, the castItem elements have no substructure. If desired, however, their components may be more finely distinguished using the elements role, roleDesc, and actor. For example, the second cast item above might be encoded as follows:

<castItem>
 <role xml:id="vlad">Vladimir</role>:
<actor>Paul Daneman</actor>
</castItem>

⚓︎

The ref attribute on actor may be used to associate the name with information about the real-world person identified, as further discussed in section ND. In the previous example, we might associate the name of Paul Daneman with his entry in a widely used bibliography as follows :

<actor ref="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84002994/">Paul Daneman</actor>

⚓︎

The global xml:id attribute may be used to specify a unique identifier for the role element, where it is desired to link speeches within the text explicitly to the role, using the who attribute, as further discussed in section 7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers below.

The occasionally lengthy descriptions of a role sometimes found in written play scripts may be marked using the roleDesc element, as in the following example:

<castItem>
 <role>Tom Thumb the Great</role>
 <roleDesc>a little hero with a great soul, something violent in his
   temper, which is a little abated by his love for Huncamunca</roleDesc>
 <actor>Young Verhuyk</actor>
</castItem>

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For non-speaking or un-named roles, a castItem may contain a roleDesc without an accompanying role, for example

<castItem>
 <roleDesc>Costermonger</roleDesc>
</castItem>

⚓︎

When a list of such minor roles is given together, the type attribute of the castItem should indicate that it contains more than one role, by taking a value such as list. The encoder may or may not elect to encode each separate constituent within such a composite castItem. Thus, either of the following is acceptable:

<castItem type="list">Constables, Drawer, Turnkey, etc.</castItem>
<castItem type="list">
 <roleDesc>Constables,</roleDesc>
 <roleDesc>Drawer,</roleDesc>
 <roleDesc>Turnkey,</roleDesc>
etc.

</castItem>

⚓︎

A group of cast items forming a distinct subdivision of a cast list may be marked as such by using the special purpose castGroup element. The rend attribute may be used to indicate whether this grouping is indicated in the text by layout alone (i.e. the use of whitespace), by long braces or by some other means. A castGroup may contain an optional heading (represented as usual by a head element) followed by a series of castItem elements:

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <head>friends of Mathias</head>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

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Alternatively, the encoder may prefer to regard the phrase ‘friends of Mathias’ as a role description, and encode the above example as follows:

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

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This version has the advantage that all role descriptions are treated alike, rather than in some cases being treated as headings. On the other hand there are also cases, such as the following, where the role description does function more like a heading:

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>

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TEI: The Body of a Performance Text⚓︎7.2. The Body of a Performance Text

The body of a performance text may be divided into structural units, variously called acts, scenes, stasima, entr'actes, etc. All such formal divisions should be encoded using an appropriate text-division element (div, div1, div2, etc.), as further discussed in section 7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions. Whether divided up into such units or not, all performance texts consist of sequences of speeches (see 7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers) and stage directions (see 7.2.4. Stage Directions). In musical performances, it is also common to identify groups of speeches which act as a single unit, sometimes called a number; such units typically float within the structural hierarchy at the same level as speeches preceding or following them and cannot therefore be treated as text-divisions. (see 7.2.3. Grouped Speeches). Speeches will generally consist of a sequence of chunk-level items: paragraphs, verse lines, stanzas, or (in case of uncertainty as to whether something is verse or prose) ab elements (see 7.2.5. Speech Contents).

The boundaries of formal units such as verse lines or paragraphs do not always coincide with speech boundaries. Units such as songs may be discontinuous or shared among several speakers. As described below in section 7.2.6. Embedded Structures, such fragmentation may be encoded in a relatively simple fashion using the linkage and aggregation mechanisms defined in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.

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TEI: Major Structural Divisions⚓︎7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

Large divisions in drama such as acts, scenes, stasima, or entr'actes are indicated by numbered or unnumbered div elements, as described in section 4.1. Divisions of the Body. The type and n attributes may be used to define the type of division being marked, and to provide a name or number for it, as in the following example:

<body>
 <div1 type="scene" n="1">
  <head>Night—Faust's Study (i)</head>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="scene" n="2">
  <head>Outside the City Gate</head>
 </div1>
</body>

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Where the largest divisions of a performance text are themselves subdivided, most obviously in the case of plays traditionally divided into acts and scenes, further nested text-division elements may be used, as in this example:

<body>
 <div1 type="act" n="1">
  <head>Act One</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <stage>Pa Ubu, Ma Ubu</stage>
   <sp>
    <speaker>Pa Ubu</speaker>
    <p>Pschitt!</p>
   </sp>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <stage>A room in Pa Ubu's house, where a magnificent
       collation is set out</stage>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="act" n="2">
  <head>Act Two</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <head>Scene One</head>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <head>Scene Two</head>
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

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In the example above, the div2 element has been used to represent the ‘French scene’ convention, (where the entrance of each new set of characters is marked as a distinct unit in the text) and the div1 element to represent the acts into which the play is divided. The elements chosen are determined only by the hierarchic position of these units in the text as a whole. If the text had no acts, but only scenes, then the scenes might be represented by div1 elements. Equally, if a play is divided only into ‘acts’, with no smaller subdivisions, then the div1 element might be used to represent acts. The type should be used, as above, to make explicit the name associated with a particular category of subdivision.

As an alternative to the use of numbered divisions, the encoder may represent all subdivisions with the same element, the unnumbered div. The second act in the above example would then be represented as follows:

<div type="act" n="2">
 <head>Act Two</head>
 <div type="scene" n="1">
  <head>Scene One</head>
 </div>
 <div type="scene" n="2">
  <head>Scene Two</head>
 </div>
</div>

⚓︎

For further discussion of the use of numbered and unnumbered divisions, see section 4.1. Divisions of the Body.

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TEI: Speeches and Speakers⚓︎7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

The following elements are used to identify speeches and speakers in a performance text:

sp (speech) contains an individual speech in a performance text, or a passage presented as such in a prose or verse text.

speaker contains a specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment.

As noted above, the structure of many performance texts may be analysed as multiply hierarchic: a scene of a verse play, for example, may be divided into speeches and, at the same time, into verse lines. The end of a line may or may not coincide with the end of a speech, and vice versa. Other structures, such as songs, may be discontinuous or split up over several speeches. For some purposes it will be appropriate to regard the verse-structure as the fundamental organizing principle of the text, and for others the speech structure; in some cases, the choice between the two may be arbitrary. The discussion in the remainder of this chapter assumes that it is the speech-based hierarchy which most prominently determines the structure of performance texts, but the same mechanisms could be employed to encode a view of a performance text in which individual speeches were entirely subordinate to the formal units of prose and verse. For more detailed discussion and examples of various treatments of this fundamental issue, refer to chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures.

The who attribute and the speaker element are both used to indicate the speaker or speakers of a speech, but in rather different ways. The speaker element is used to encode the word or phrase actually used within the source text to indicate the speaker: it may contain any string or prefix, and may be thought of as a highly specialized form of stage direction. The who attribute however contains one or more pointer values, each of which indicates one or more other XML elements documenting the character to whom the speech is assigned. Typically, this attribute might point to a person element in the TEI header 16.2.2. The Participant Description, to a role element in the cast list 7.1.4. Cast Lists, or even to some external source such as an online handbook of dramatic roles. The most usual case is that the pointer value supplied (prefixed by a sharp sign) corresponds with the value of an xml:id attribute, used elsewhere in the document to identify a particular element, as in the following examples:

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menae">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="penic">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#penic">
 <speaker>Peniculus</speaker>
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

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If present, a speaker element may only appear as the first part of an sp element. The distinction between the speaker element and the who attribute makes it possible to encode uniformly characters whose names are not indicated in a uniform fashion throughout the play, or characters who appear in disguise, as in the following examples:

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="hh">Henry Higgins</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#hh">
 <speaker>The Notetaker</speaker>
 <p> ... </p>
</sp>

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If the speaker attributions are completely regular (and may thus be reconstructed mechanically from the values given for the who attribute), or are of no interest for the encoder of the text (as might be the case with editorially supplied attributions in older texts), then the speaker element need not be used; the former example above then might look like this:

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menaechmus">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="peniculus">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#peniculus">
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

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More than one identifier may be listed as value for the who attribute if the speech is spoken by more than one person, as in the following example:

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="nan">Nano</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="cas">Castrone</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage>Nano and Castrone sing</stage>
<sp who="#nan #cas">
 <l>Fools, they are the only nation</l>
 <l>Worth men's envy or admiration</l>
</sp>

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In the event there is a speech that is assigned to a character that is not listed in the source cast list, a castList may be encoded inside the standOff element to provide an element to which the who of sp may point.

The sp and speaker elements are both declared within the core module (see section 3.13. Passages of Verse or Drama).

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TEI: Grouped Speeches⚓︎7.2.3. Grouped Speeches

This module makes available the following additional element for handling groups of speeches:

spGrp (speech group) contains a group of speeches or songs in a performance text presented in a source as constituting a single unit or ‘number’.

The spGrp element is intended for cases where the characters in a performance launch into something which might be regarded almost as a kind of separate structural division, typically associated with its own heading or numbering system, but which ‘floats’ in the text, at the same hierarchic level as speeches preceding or following it. Such units are often numbered, titled, and visually presented as distinct objects within the text. Here is a typical example from a well-known American musical comedy:

<spGrp type="number" n="3">
 <head>By Strauss : performed by Georges Guetary, Gene Kelly, and Oscar
   Levant</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>The waltzes of Mittel Europa </l>
   <l>They charm you and warm you within </l>
   <l>While each day discloses </l>
   <l>What Broadway composes </l>
   <l>Is emptiness pounding on tin.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp xml:lang="de">
  <speaker>JERRY MULLIGAN: ADAM COOK:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Mein Herr! </l>
   <l>Mein Herr!</l>
   <l>Bitte, bitte!</l>
   <l>Denke, danke!</l>
   <l>Aufwiedersehen! Aufwiedersehen!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>How can I be civil </l>
   <l>When hearing this drivel? </l>
   <l>It's only for night-clubbing souses. </l>
   <l>Oh give me the free 'n easy </l>
   <l>Waltz that is Viennes-y </l>
   <l>And go tell the band</l>
   <l>If they want a hand</l>
   <l>The waltz must be Strauss's</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>ALL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Ya ya ya </l>
   <l>Give me oom pah pah...</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Stage Directions⚓︎7.2.4. Stage Directions

Both between and within the speeches of a written performance text, it is normal practice to include a wide variety of descriptive directions to indicate non-verbal action. The following elements are provided to represent these:

stage (stage direction) contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment.

type
indicates the kind of stage direction. Suggested values include: 1] setting; 2] entrance; 3] exit; 4] business; 5] novelistic; 6] delivery; 7] modifier; 8] location; 9] mixed

move (movement) marks the actual movement of one or more characters.

type | characterizes the movement, for example as an entrance or exit. Suggested values include: 1] entrance; 2] exit; 3] onStage
where | specifies the direction of a stage movement. Sample values include: 1] L (left); 2] R (right); 3] C (center)
perf | (performance) identifies the performance or performances in which this movement occurred as specified by pointing to one or more performance elements.

A satisfactory typology of stage directions is difficult to define. Certain basic types such as ‘entrance’, ‘exit’, ‘setting’, ‘delivery’, are easily identified. But the list is not a closed one, and it is not uncommon to mix types within a single direction. No closed set of values for the type attribute is therefore proposed at the present time, though some suggested values are indicated in the list below, which also indicates the range of possibilities.

<stage type="setting">The throne descends.</stage>
<stage type="setting">Music</stage>
<stage type="entrance">Enter Husband as being thrown off his horse.</stage>
<stage type="exit">Exit pursued by a bear.</stage>
<stage type="business">He quickly takes the stone out.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">To Lussurioso.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">Aside.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">Not knowing what to say.</stage>
<stage type="costume">Disguised as Ansaldo.</stage>
<stage type="location">At a window.</stage>
<stage type="novelistic">Having had enough, and embarrassed
for the family.</stage>

⚓︎

The meaning of the values used for the type attribute on stage elements may be defined within the tagUsage element of the TEI header (described in section 2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration). For example:

<tagUsage gi="stage">This element is used for all stage directions,
editorial or authorial. The type attribute on this element takes
one or more of the following values:
<list type="gloss">
  <label>setting</label>
  <item>describes the set</item>
  <label>blocking</label>
  <item>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</item>
  <label>business</label>
  <item>describes movement other than blocking</item>
  <label>delivery</label>
  <item>describes how the line is said</item>
  <label>motivation</label>
  <item>describes character's emotional state or through line</item>
 </list>
</tagUsage>

⚓︎

This approach is purely documentary; in a real project it would generally be more effective to define the range of permitted values explicitly within the project's schema specification, using the techniques described in chapter 24.3. Customization. For example, a specification like the following might be used to produce a schema in which the type attribute of the stage element is permitted to take only the values listed above:

<schemaSpec ident="myDrama">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="structure"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <elementSpec ident="stage" mode="change">
  <attList>
   <attDef ident="type" mode="replace">
    <valList type="closed">
     <valItem ident="setting">
      <desc>describes the set</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="blocking">
      <desc>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="business">
      <desc>describes movement other than blocking</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="delivery">
      <desc>describes how the line is said</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="motivation">
      <desc>describes character's emotional state or through line</desc>
     </valItem>
    </valList>
   </attDef>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

⚓︎

The stage element may appear both between and within sp elements. It may contain a mixture of phrase level elements, possibly combined into paragraphs, as in the following example:

<div1 n="1" type="act">
 <stage type="setting">
  <p>Scene. — A room furnished comfortably and
     tastefully but not extravagantly ...
     The floor is carpeted and a fire burns in the stove.
     It is winter.</p>
  <p>A bell rings in the hall; shortly afterwards the
     door is heard to open. Enter NORA humming a tune ...</p>
 </stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Nora</speaker>
  <p>Hide the Christmas Tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the
     children do not see it till this evening, when it is
     dressed. <stage type="delivery">To the PORTER taking
       out her purse</stage> How much?</p>
 </sp>
</div1>

bibliography ⚓︎

The stage element may also be used in non-theatrical texts, to mark sound effects or musical effects, etc., as further discussed in section 7.3. Other Types of Performance Text.

The move element is intended to help overcome the fact that the stage directions of a printed text may often not provide full information about either the intended or the actual movement of actors on stage. It may be used to keep track of entrances and exits in detail, so as to know which characters are on stage at which time. Its attributes permit a relatively formal specification for movements of characters, using user-defined codes to identify the characters involved (the who attribute), the direction of the movement (type attribute), and optionally which part of the stage is involved (where attribute). For stage-historical purposes, a perf attribute is also provided; this allows the recording of different move elements as taken in different performances of the same text.

The move element should be located at the position in the text where the move is presumed to take place. This will often coincide with a stage direction, as in the following simple example:

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="bella">Bellafront</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bella" type="enter"/>
Enter Bellafront mad.
</stage>

bibliography ⚓︎

The move element can however appear independently of a stage direction, as in the following example:

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="lm">Lady Macbeth</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="g1">First Gentleman</role>
 </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
</castList>
<sp who="#g1">
 <speaker>Gent.</speaker>
 <p>Neither to you, nor any one; having no witness
   to confirm my speech. <move who="#lm" type="enter" where="C"/>
   Lo you! here she comes. This is her very guise; and,
   upon my life, fast asleep.</p>
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Speech Contents⚓︎7.2.5. Speech Contents

The actual speeches of a dramatic text may be composed of running text, which must be formally organized into paragraphs, in the case of prose (see section 3.1. Paragraphs), verse lines or line groups in that of verse (see section 3.13. Passages of Verse or Drama), or seg elements, in case of doubt as to whether the material should be treated as verse or prose. The following elements, all of which are defined in the core, are particularly useful when marking units of prose or verse within speeches:

p (paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose.

lb (line beginning) marks the beginning of a topographic line in some edition or version of a text.

l (verse line) contains a single, possibly incomplete, line of verse.

lg (line group) contains one or more verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc.

Like other milestone elements, the element lb additionally bears the attributes ed and edRef, from its membership in the class att.edition:

att.edition provides attributes identifying the source edition from which some encoded feature derives.

ed | (edition) supplies a sigil or other arbitrary identifier for the source edition in which the associated feature (for example, a page, column, or line beginning) occurs at this point in the text.
edRef | (edition reference) provides a pointer to the source edition in which the associated feature (for example, a page, column, or line beginning) occurs at this point in the text.

As a member of the classes att.typed and att.divLike, the lg element also bears the following attributes:

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

att.divLike provides attributes common to all elements which behave in the same way as divisions.

org | (organization) specifies how the content of the division is organized.
sample | indicates whether this division is a sample of the original source and if so, from which part.

att.fragmentable provides attributes for representing fragmentation of a structural element, typically as a consequence of some overlapping hierarchy.

part
specifies whether or not its parent element is fragmented in some way, typically by some other overlapping structure: for example a speech which is divided between two or more verse stanzas, a paragraph which is split across a page division, a verse line which is divided between two speakers.

When the verse module is included in a schema, the elements l and lg also gain additional attributes through their membership of the class att.metrical:

att.metrical defines a set of attributes that certain elements may use to represent metrical information.

met | (metrical structure, conventional) contains a user-specified encoding for the conventional metrical structure of the element.
rhyme | (rhyme scheme) specifies the rhyme scheme applicable to a group of verse lines.

In many texts, prose and verse may be inextricably mingled; particularly in earlier printed texts, prose may be printed as verse or verse as prose, or it may be impossible to distinguish the two. In cases of doubt, an encoder may prefer to tag the dubious material consistently as verse, to tag it all as prose, to follow the typography of the source text, or to use the neutral ab element to contain the speech itself. When this question arises, the tagUsage element in the encodingDesc element of the header may be used to record explicitly what policy has been adopted.

Even where they can reliably be distinguished, a single speech may frequently contain a mixture of prose (marked as p) and verse (marked as l or—if stanzaic—lg).

The part attribute which both l and lg elements inherit from the att.fragmentable class provides one simple way of indicating where the boundaries of a speech and of a verse line or line group do not coincide. The encoder may simply indicate that a line or line group is metrically incomplete by specifying the value Y or N, as in the following example:

<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="N">You most
   notorious whelp, you insolent slave</l>
 <l part="Y">Dare you do this?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Yes faith, yes faith.</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Why! Who</l>
 <l part="Y">Am I, my mongrel? Who am I?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I'll tell you,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

Alternatively, where the fragments of the line or line group are consecutive in the text (though possibly interrupted by stage directions), the values I (initial), M (medial), and F (final) may be used to indicate how metrical lines are constituted:

<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l>You most
   notorious whelp, you insolent slave</l>
 <l part="I">Dare you do this?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="M">Yes faith, yes faith.</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="F">Why! Who</l>
 <l part="I">Am I, my mongrel? Who am I?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="F">I'll tell you,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

In dramatic texts, the lg or line group element is most often of use for the encoding of songs and other stanzaic material. Line groups may be fragmented across speakers in the same way as individual lines, and the same set of attributes may be used to record this fact. The element spGrp is provided in order to simplify the situation, very common in performances, where performance of a single entity, such as a song, is shared amongst several performers, as in the following example:

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
  <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
  <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

This encoding however does not indicate that the three lines of Sir Joseph's song and the two lines following it together constitute a single verse stanza. This can be indicated by using the part attribute, as follows:

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <lg part="I">
   <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
   <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
   <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <lg part="M">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <lg part="F">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Embedded Structures⚓︎7.2.6. Embedded Structures

Although primarily composed of speeches, performance texts often contain other structural units such as songs or strophes which are shared among different speakers. More generally, complex nested structures of plays within plays, interpolated masques, or interludes are far from uncommon. In more modern material, comparably complex structural devices such as flashback or nested playback are equally frequent. In all kinds of performance material, it may be necessary to indicate several actions which are happening simultaneously.

A number of different devices are available within the TEI scheme to support these complexities in the general case. Texts may be composite or self-nesting (see section 4.3.1. Grouped Texts) and multiple hierarchies may be defined (see chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures). The TEI encoding scheme provides a variety of linking mechanisms, which may be used to indicate temporal alignment and aggregation of fragmented structures. In this section we provide a few specific examples of the application of these techniques to performance texts:

the use of the floatingText element

the use of the part attribute on fragmentary lg elements

the use of the next and prev attributes on fragments of embedded structures to join them into a larger whole

the use of the join element to define a ‘virtual element’ composed of the fragments indicated

When the whole of a song appears within a single speech, it may require no special treatment if it is considered to form a part of the speech:

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with th' love of gain.
   You thry to pin on others th' dirty decorations that
   may be hangin' on your own coats.</p>
 <stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
   and Flagonson. Lilting)</stage>
 <lg type="song">
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Flagonson</speaker>
 <stage>(in anguished indignation).</stage>
 <p>This is more than a hurt to us: this hits at the
   decency of the whole nation!</p>
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

If however, the song is to be regarded as forming a distinct item, perhaps with its own front and back matter, it may be better to regard it as a floating text:

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with ...</p>
</sp>
<stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
and Flagonson. Lilting):</stage>
<floatingText>
 <front>
  <titlePart>Kelly's Song</titlePart>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </body>
</floatingText>

bibliography ⚓︎

When an embedded structure extends across more than one sp element, each of its constituent parts must be regarded as a distinct fragment; the problem then facing the encoder is to reconstitute the interrupted whole in some way.

As already noted above, the spGrp element may be used to group together consecutive speeches which are grouped together in some way, for example constituting a single song. Alternatively the part attribute, typically used to indicate that an l element contains a partial, not a complete, verse line, may also be used on the lg element, to indicate that the line group is partial rather than complete, thus:

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in his semi-dance,
   as he goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>Goodbye to holy souls left here,</l>
  <l>Goodbye to man an' fairy;</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Widda Machree</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in her semi-dance,
   as she goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>Goodbye to all of Leicester Square,</l>
  <l>An' the long way to Tipperary.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

When the fragments of a song are separated by other intervening dialogue, or even when not, they may be linked together with the next and prev attributes defined in section 17.7. Aggregation. For example, the line groups making up Ophelia's song might be encoded as follows:

<div1 n="4" type="act">
 <div2 n="5" type="scene">
  <stage>Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
  <stage type="setting">Enter Ophelia, distracted.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Where is the beauteous Majesty of Denmark?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <stage>Singing</stage>
   <lg next="#Tl2" xml:id="Tl1" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
    <l>From another one?</l>
    <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
    <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
   </lg>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
   <stage>Sings</stage>
   <lg prev="#Tl1" xml:id="Tl2" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
    <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
    <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
    <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
   </lg>
   <p>O, ho!</p>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

bibliography ⚓︎

The next and prev attributes are discussed in section 17.7. Aggregation: they form part of the module for alignment and linking; this module must therefore be included in a schema if they are to be used, as further discussed in section 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

The fragments of Ophelia's song might also be linked together using the join mechanism described in section 17.7. Aggregation. The join element is specifically intended to encode the fact that several discontiguous elements of the text together form one ‘virtual’ element. Using this mechanism, the example might be encoded as follows:

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography ⚓︎

The location of the join element is not significant; here it has been placed shortly after the conclusion of the song, in order to have it close to the fragments it unifies.

Like the next and prev attributes, the join element requires the additional module for linking, which is selected as shown above.

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TEI: Simultaneous Action⚓︎7.2.7. Simultaneous Action

In printed or written versions of performance texts, a variety of techniques may be used to indicate the temporal alignment of speeches or actions. Speeches may be printed vertically aligned on the page, or braced together; stage directions (e.g. ‘Speaking at the same time’) are also often used. In operatic or musical works in particular, the need to indicate timing and alignment of individual parts of a song may lead to very complex layout.

One simple method of indicating the temporal alignment of speeches or actions is to use the spGrp element discussed in section 7.2.3. Grouped Speeches, with a type attribute to specify the reason for grouping, as in the following example:

<sp>
 <speaker>Mangan</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">wildly</stage>
 <p>Look here: I'm going to take off all my clothes.</p>
 <stage type="action">he begins tearing off his coat.</stage>
</sp>
<spGrp type="simultaneous" rend="braced">
 <sp>
  <speaker>Lady Utterword</speaker>
  <p>Mr Mangan!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Captain Shotover</speaker>
  <p>Whats that?</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Hector</speaker>
  <p>Ha! ha! Do. Do.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Ellie</speaker>
  <p>Please dont.</p>
 </sp>
 <stage type="delivery">in consternation</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mrs. Hushabye</speaker>
 <stage type="action">catching his arm and stopping him</stage>
 <p>Alfred: for shame! Are you mad?</p>
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the original, the stage direction ‘in consternation’ is printed opposite a brace grouping all four speeches, indicating that all four characters speak at once, and that the stage direction applies to all of them. Rather than attempting to represent the appearance of the source, this example encoding represents its presumed meaning: the stage element is placed arbitrarily after the last relevant speech, and the four speeches with which it is to be associated are grouped by means of the spGrp element. The rend attribute is used to specify the fact that the three speeches were grouped by the brace in the copy text. Producing a readable version of the text which simulates the original printed effect may however require more complex markup and processing.

More powerful and more precise mechanisms for temporal alignment are defined in chapter 8. Transcriptions of Speech. These would be appropriate for encodings the focus of which is on the actual performance of a text rather than its structure or formal properties. The module described in that chapter includes a large number of other detailed proposals for the encoding of such features as voice quality, prosody, etc., which might be relevant to such a treatment of performance texts.

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TEI: Other Types of Performance Text⚓︎7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

Most of the elements and structures identified thus far are derived from traditional theatrical texts. Although other performance texts, such as screenplays or radio scripts, have not been discussed specifically, they can be encoded using the elements and structures listed above. Encoders may however find it convenient to use, as well, the additional specialized elements discussed in this section. For scripts containing very detailed technical information, the tech element discussed in section 7.3.1. Technical Information may also be useful.

Like other texts, screenplays and television or radio scripts may be divided into text divisions marked with div or div1, etc. Within units corresponding with the traditional ‘act’ and ‘scene’, further subdivisions or sequences may be identified, composed of individual ‘shots’, each associated with a single camera angle and setting. Shots and sequences should be encoded using an appropriate text-division element (i.e., a div3 element if numbered division elements are in use and the next largest unit is a div2, or a div element if un-numbered divisions are in use) specifying sequence or shot as the value of the type attribute, as appropriate.

It is normal practice in screenplays and radio scripts to distinguish directions concerning camera angles, sound effects, etc., from other forms of stage direction. Such texts also generally include far more detailed specifications of what the audience actually sees: descriptions of actions and background, etc. Scripts derived from cinema and television productions may also include texts displayed as captions superimposed on the action. All of these may be encoded using the general purpose stage element discussed in section 7.2.4. Stage Directions, and distinguished by means of its type attribute. Alternatively, or in addition, the following more specific elements may be used, where clear distinctions can be made:

view (view) describes the visual context of some part of a screen play in terms of what the spectator sees, generally independent of any dialogue.

camera (camera) describes a particular camera angle or viewpoint in a screen play.

caption (caption) contains the text of a caption or other text displayed as part of a film script or screenplay.

sound (sound) describes a sound effect or musical sequence specified within a screen play or radio script.

type | categorizes the sound in some respect, e.g. as music, special effect, etc.
discrete | indicates whether the sound overlaps the surrounding speeches or interrupts them.

Some examples of the use of these elements follow:

<camera>Angle on Olivia.</camera>
<view>Ryan's wife, standing nervously alone on the sidelines,
biting her lip. She's scared and she shows it.</view>

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Where particular words or phrases within a direction are emphasized (by change of typeface or use of capital letters), an appropriate phrase-level element may be used to indicate the fact, as in the following examples, where certain words in the original are given in small capitals:

<view>George glances at the window—and freezes.
<camera>New angle—shock cut</camera> Out the window
the body of a dead man suddenly slams into
<hi>frame</hi>. He dangles grotesquely,
held up by his coat caught on a protruding bolt.
George gasps. The train <hi>whistle</hi> screams.</view>

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<view>Ext. TV control van—Early morning.
The <name>T.V. announcer</name> from the Ryan interview
stands near the Control Van, the lake in b.g.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>T.V. Announcer</speaker>
 <p>Several years ago, Jack Ryan was a highly
   successful hydroplane racer ...</p>
</sp>

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All of these elements, like other stage directions, can appear both within and between speeches.

<sp>
 <speaker>TV Announcer VO</speaker>
 <p>Working with Ryan are his two coworkers—
   Strut Bowman, the mechanical engineer—
 <view>
   <camera>Angle on Strut</camera>
     standing in the tow boat, walkie-talkie in hand,
     watching Ryan carefully.</view>
   —and Roger Dalton, a rocket
   systems analyst, and one of the scientists
   from the Jet Propulsion Lab ...</p>
</sp>

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<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>Now to business.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford and Zaphod</speaker>
 <p>To business.</p>
</sp>
<sound>Glasses clink.</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>I beg your pardon?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford</speaker>
 <p>I'm sorry, I thought you were proposing a toast.</p>
</sp>

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<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film
of hansom cabs galloping past.</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.</p>
</sp>

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TEI: Technical Information⚓︎7.3.1. Technical Information

Traditional stage scripts may contain additional technical information about such production-related factors as lighting, ‘blocking’ (that is, detailed notes on actors' movements), or props required at particular points. More technical information about intended production effects may also appear in published versions of screenplays or movie scripts. Where these are presented simply as marginal notes, they may be encoded using the general-purpose note element defined in section 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing. Alternatively, they may be formally distinguished from other stage directions by using the specialized tech element:

tech (technical stage direction) describes a special-purpose stage direction that is not meant for the actors.

type | categorizes the technical stage direction. Suggested values include: 1] light; 2] sound; 3] prop; 4] block
perf | (performance) points to one or more performance elements documenting the performance or performances to which this technical direction applies.

Like stage directions, tech elements can appear anywhere within a speech or between speeches.

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TEI: Module for Performance Texts⚓︎7.4. Module for Performance Texts

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module drama: Performance texts

Elements defined: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue move performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

8. Transcriptions of Speech

Table of contents

8.1. General Considerations and Overview

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

8.4. Elements Defined Elsewhere

8.5. Module for Transcribed Speech

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The module described in this chapter is intended for use with a wide variety of transcribed spoken material. It should be stressed, however, that the present proposals are not intended to support unmodified every variety of research undertaken upon spoken material now or in the future; some discourse analysts, some phonologists, and doubtless others may wish to extend the scheme presented here to express more precisely the set of distinctions they wish to draw in their transcriptions. Speech regarded as a purely acoustic phenomenon may well require different methods from those outlined here, as may speech regarded solely as a process of social interaction.

This chapter begins with a discussion of some of the problems commonly encountered in transcribing spoken language (section 8.1. General Considerations and Overview). Section 8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech documents some additional TEI header elements which may be used to document the recording or other source from which transcribed text is taken. Section 8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts describes the basic structural elements provided by this module. Finally, section 8.4. Elements Defined Elsewhere of this chapter reviews further problems specific to the encoding of spoken language, demonstrating how mechanisms and elements discussed elsewhere in these Guidelines may be applied to them.

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TEI: General Considerations and Overview⚓︎8.1. General Considerations and Overview

There is great variation in the ways different researchers have chosen to represent speech using the written medium.³⁴ This reflects the special difficulties which apply to the encoding or transcription of speech. Speech varies according to a large number of dimensions, many of which have no counterpart in writing (for example, tempo, loudness, pitch, etc.). The audibility of speech recorded in natural communication situations is often less than perfect, affecting the accuracy of the transcription. Spoken material may be transcribed in the course of linguistic, acoustic, anthropological, psychological, ethnographic, journalistic, or many other types of research. Even in the same field, the interests and theoretical perspectives of different transcribers may lead them to prefer different levels of detail in the transcript and different styles of visual display. The production and comprehension of speech are intimately bound up with the situation in which speech occurs, far more so than is the case for written texts. A speech transcript must therefore include some contextual features; determining which are relevant is not always simple. Moreover, the ethical problems in recording and making public what was produced in a private setting and intended for a limited audience are more frequently encountered in dealing with spoken texts than with written ones.

Speech also poses difficult structural problems. Unlike a written text, a speech event takes place in time. Its beginning and end may be hard to determine and its internal composition difficult to define. Most researchers agree that the utterances or turns of individual speakers form an important structural component in most kinds of speech, but these are rarely as well-behaved (in the structural sense) as paragraphs or other analogous units in written texts: speakers frequently interrupt each other, use gestures as well as words, leave remarks unfinished and so on. Speech itself, though it may be represented as words, frequently contains items such as vocalized pauses which, although only semi-lexical, have immense importance in the analysis of spoken text. Even non-vocal elements such as gestures may be regarded as forming a component of spoken text for some analytic purposes. Below the level of the individual utterance, speech may be segmented into units defined by phonological, prosodic, or syntactic phenomena; no clear agreement exists, however, even as to appropriate names for such segments.

Spoken texts transcribed according to the guidelines presented here are organized as follows. The overall structure of a TEI spoken text is identical to that of any other TEI text: the TEI element for a spoken text contains a teiHeader element, followed by a text element. Even texts primarily composed of transcribed speech may also include conventional front and back matter, and may even be organized into divisions like printed texts.

We may say, therefore, that these Guidelines regard transcribed speech as being composed of arbitrary high-level units called texts. A spoken text might typically be a conversation between a small number of people, a lecture, a broadcast TV item, or a similar event. Each such unit has associated with it a teiHeader providing detailed contextual information such as the source of the transcript, the identity of the participants, whether the speech is scripted or spontaneous, the physical and social setting in which the discourse takes place and a range of other aspects. Details of the header in general are provided in chapter 2. The TEI Header; the particular elements it provides for use with spoken texts are described below (8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech). Details concerning additional elements which may be used for the documentation of participant and contextual information are given in 16.2. Contextual Information.

Defining the bounds of a spoken text is frequently a matter of arbitrary convention or convenience. In public or semi-public contexts, a text may be regarded as synonymous with, for example, a lecture, a broadcast item, a meeting, etc. In informal or private contexts, a text may be simply a conversation involving a specific group of participants. Alternatively, researchers may elect to define spoken texts solely in terms of their duration in time or length in words. By default, these Guidelines assume of a text only that:

it is internally cohesive,

it is describable by a single header, and

it represents a single stretch of time with no significant discontinuities.

Within a text it may be necessary to identify subdivisions of various kinds, if only for convenience of handling. The neutral div element discussed in section 4.1. Divisions of the Body is recommended for this purpose. It may be found useful also for representing subdivisions relating to discourse structure, speech act theory, transactional analysis, etc., provided only that these divisions are hierarchically well-behaved. Where they are not, as is often the case, the mechanisms discussed in chapters 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment and 21. Non-hierarchical Structures may be used.

A spoken text may contain any of the following components:

utterances

pauses

vocalized but non-lexical phenomena such as coughs

kinesic (non-verbal, non-lexical) phenomena such as gestures

entirely non-linguistic incidents occurring during and possibly influencing the course of speech

writing, regarded as a special class of incident in that it can be transcribed, for example captions or overheads displayed during a lecture

shifts or changes in vocal quality

Elements to represent all of these features of spoken language are discussed in section 8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts below.

An utterance (tagged u) may contain lexical items interspersed with pauses and non-lexical vocal sounds; during an utterance, non-linguistic incidents may occur and written materials may be presented. The u element can thus contain any of the other elements listed, interspersed with a transcription of the lexical items of the utterance; the other elements may all appear between utterances or next to each other, but except for writing they do not contain any other elements nor any data.

A spoken text itself may be without substructure, that is, it may consist simply of units such as utterances or pauses, not grouped together in any way, or it may be subdivided. If the notion of what constitutes a ‘text’ in spoken discourse is inevitably rather an arbitrary one, the notion of formal subdivisions within such a ‘text’ may appear even more debatable. Nevertheless, such divisions may be useful for such types of discourse as debates, broadcasts, etc., where structural subdivisions can easily be identified, or more generally wherever it is desired to aggregate utterances or other parts of a transcript into units smaller than a complete ‘text’. Examples might include ‘conversations’ or ‘discourse fragments’, or more narrowly, ‘that part of the conversation where topic x was discussed’, provided only that the set of all such divisions is coextensive with the text.

Each such division of a spoken text should be represented by the numbered or unnumbered div elements defined in chapter 4. Default Text Structure. For some detailed kinds of analysis a hierarchy of such divisions may be found useful; nested div elements may be used for this purpose, as in the following example showing how a collection made up of transcribed ‘sound bites’ taken from speeches given by a politician on different occasions might be encoded. Each extract is regarded as a distinct div, nested within a single composite div as follows:

<div type="soundbites"
 subtype="conservative" org="composite">
 <div sample="medial"/>
 <div sample="medial"/>
 <div sample="initial"/>
</div>

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As a member of the class att.declaring, the div element may also carry a decls attribute, for use where the divisions of a text do not all share the same set of the contextual declarations specified in the TEI header. (See further section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text).

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TEI: Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech⚓︎8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

Where a computer file is derived from a spoken text rather than a written one, it will usually be desirable to record additional information about the recording or broadcast which constitutes its source. Several additional elements are provided for this purpose within the source description component of the TEI header:

scriptStmt (script statement) contains a citation giving details of the script used for a spoken text.

recordingStmt (recording statement) describes a set of recordings used as the basis for transcription of a spoken text.

recording (recording event) provides details of an audio or video recording event used as the source of a spoken text, either directly or from a public broadcast.

type
the kind of recording.

transcriptionDesc (transcription description) describes the set of transcription conventions used, particularly for spoken material.

ident | supplies an identifier for the encoding convention, independent of any version number.
version | supplies a version number for the encoding conventions used, if any.

As a member of the att.duration class, the recording element inherits the following attribute:

att.duration.w3c provides attributes for recording normalized temporal durations.

dur
(duration) indicates the length of this element in time.

Note that detailed information about the participants or setting of an interview or other transcript of spoken language should be recorded in the appropriate division of the profile description, discussed in chapter 16. Language Corpora, rather than as part of the source description. The source description is used to hold information only about the source from which the transcribed speech was taken, for example, any script being read and any technical details of how the recording was produced. If the source was a previously-created transcript, it should be treated in the same way as any other source text.

The scriptStmt element should be used where it is known that one or more of the participants in a spoken text is speaking from a previously prepared script. The script itself should be documented in the same way as any other written text, using one of the three citation tags mentioned above. Utterances or groups of utterances may be linked to the script concerned by means of the decls attribute, described in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

<sourceDesc>
 <scriptStmt xml:id="CNN12">
  <bibl>
   <author>CNN Network News</author>
   <title>News headlines</title>
   <date when="1991-06-12">12 Jun 91</date>
  </bibl>
 </scriptStmt>
</sourceDesc>

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The recordingStmt is used to group together information relating to the recordings from which the spoken text was transcribed. The element may contain either a prose description or, more helpfully, one or more recording elements, each corresponding with a particular recording. The linkage between utterances or groups of utterances and the relevant recording statement is made by means of the decls attribute, described in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

The recording element should be used to provide a description of how and by whom a recording was made. This information may be provided in the form of a prose description, within which such items as statements of responsibility, names, places, and dates may be identified using the appropriate phrase-level tags. Alternatively, a selection of elements from the model.recordingPart class may be provided. This element class makes available the following elements:

date (date) contains a date in any format.

time (time) contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format.

respStmt (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. May also be used to encode information about individuals or organizations which have played a role in the production or distribution of a bibliographic work.

equipment (equipment) provides technical details of the equipment and media used for an audio or video recording used as the source for a spoken text.

broadcast (broadcast) describes a broadcast used as the source of a spoken text.

Specialized collections may wish to add further sub-elements to these major components. These elements should be used only for information relating to the recording process itself; information about the setting or participants (for example) is recorded elsewhere: see sections 16.2.3. The Setting Description and 16.2.2. The Participant Description.

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="video">
  <p>U-matic recording made by college audio-visual department staff,
     available as PAL-standard VHS transfer or sound-only cassette</p>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

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<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

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<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3001">
  <date>14 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3002">
  <date>17 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3003">
  <date>22 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

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When a recording has been made from a public broadcast, details of the broadcast itself should be supplied within the recording element, as a nested broadcast element. A broadcast is closely analogous to a publication and the broadcast element should therefore contain one or the other of the bibliographic citation elements bibl, biblStruct, or biblFull. The broadcasting agency responsible for a broadcast is regarded as its author, while other participants (for example interviewers, interviewees, script writers, directors, producers, etc.) should be specified using the respStmt or editor element with an appropriate resp (see further section 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References).

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

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When a broadcast contains several distinct recordings (for example a compilation), additional recording elements may be further nested within the broadcast element.

<recording dur="P100M">
 <broadcast>
  <recording/>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

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The transcriptionDesc element can be used to document the particular transcription conventions (use of space, punctuation, special characters etc.) used in making the transcription. A number of sets of such conventions have been defined within particular research communities, or by users of particular transcription tools. The attributes ident and version may be used to refer to such conventions in a machine tractable way, where this is appropriate.

<transcriptionDesc ident="HIAT"
 version="2004"/>

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TEI: Elements Unique to Spoken Texts⚓︎8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

The following elements characterize spoken texts, transcribed according to these Guidelines:

u (utterance) contains a stretch of speech usually preceded and followed by silence or by a change of speaker.

pause (pause) marks a pause either between or within utterances.

vocal (vocal) marks any vocalized but not necessarily lexical phenomenon, for example voiced pauses, non-lexical backchannels, etc.

kinesic (kinesic) marks any communicative phenomenon, not necessarily vocalized, for example a gesture, frown, etc.

incident (incident) marks any phenomenon or occurrence, not necessarily vocalized or communicative, for example incidental noises or other events affecting communication.

writing (writing) contains a passage of written text revealed to participants in the course of a spoken text.

shift (shift) marks the point at which some paralinguistic feature of a series of utterances by any one speaker changes.

The u element may appear directly within a spoken text, and may contain any of the others; the others may also appear directly (for example, a vocal may appear between two utterances) but cannot contain a u element. In terms of the basic TEI model, therefore, we regard the u element as analogous to a paragraph, and the others as analogous to ‘phrase’ elements, but with the important difference that they can exist either as siblings or as children of utterances. The class model.divPart.spoken provides the u element; the class model.global.spoken provides the six other elements listed above.

As members of the att.ascribed class, all of these elements share the following attributes:

att.ascribed provides attributes for elements representing speech or action that can be ascribed to a specific individual.

who
indicates the person, or group of people, to whom the element content is ascribed.

att.ascribed.directed provides attributes for elements representing speech or action that can be directed at a group or individual.

toWhom
indicates the person, or group of people, to whom a speech act or action is directed.

As members of the att.typed, att.timed and att.duration classes, all of these elements except shift share the following attribute:

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

att.timed provides attributes common to those elements which have a duration in time, expressed either absolutely or by reference to an alignment map.

start | indicates the location within a temporal alignment at which this element begins.
end | indicates the location within a temporal alignment at which this element ends.

att.duration.w3c provides attributes for recording normalized temporal durations.

dur
(duration) indicates the length of this element in time.

Each of these elements is further discussed and specified in sections 8.3.1. Utterances to 8.3.4. Writing.

We can show the relationship between four of these constituents of speech using the features eventive, communicative, anthropophonic (for sounds produced by the human vocal apparatus), and lexical:

| eventive | communicative | anthropophonic | lexical
incident | + | - | - | -
kinesic | + | + | - | -
vocal | + | + | + | -
utterance | + | + | + | +

The differences are not always clear-cut. Among incidents might be included actions like slamming the door, which can certainly be communicative. Vocals include coughing and sneezing, which are usually involuntary noises. Equally, the distinction between utterances and vocals is not always clear, although for many analytic purposes it will be convenient to regard them as distinct. Individual scholars may differ in the way borderlines are drawn and should declare their definitions in the editorialDecl element of the header (see 2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration).

The following short extract exemplifies several of these elements. It is recoded from a text originally transcribed in the CHILDES format.³⁵ Each utterance is encoded using a u element (see section 8.3.1. Utterances). The speakers are defined using the listPerson element discussed in 14.3.2. The Person Element and each is given a unique identifier also used to identify their speech. Pauses marked by the transcriber are indicated using the pause element (see section 8.3.2. Pausing). Non-verbal vocal effects such as the child's meowing are indicated either with orthographic transcriptions or with the vocal element, and entirely non-linguistic but significant incidents such as the sound of the toy cat are represented by the incident elements (see section 8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident).

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

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This example also uses some elements common to all TEI texts, notably the reg tag for editorial regularization. Unusually stressed syllables have been encoded with the emph element. The seg element has also been used to segment the last utterance. Further discussion of all of such options is provided in section 8.4. Elements Defined Elsewhere.

Contextual information is of particular importance in spoken texts, and should be provided by the TEI header of a text. In general, all of the information in a header is understood to be relevant to the whole of the associated text. The element u as a member of the att.declaring class, may however specify a different context by means of the decls attribute (see further section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text).

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TEI: Utterances⚓︎8.3.1. Utterances

Each distinct utterance in a spoken text is represented by a u element, described as follows:

u (utterance) contains a stretch of speech usually preceded and followed by silence or by a change of speaker.

trans
(transition) indicates the nature of the transition between this utterance and the previous one.

Use of the who attribute to associate the utterance with a particular speaker is recommended but not required. Its use implies as a further requirement that all speakers be identified by a person or personGrp element, typically in the TEI header (see section 16.2.2. The Participant Description), but it may also point to another external source of information about the speaker. Where utterances or other parts of the transcription cannot be attributed with confidence to any particular participant or group of participants, the encoder may choose to create personGrp elements with xml:id attributes such as various or unknown, and perhaps give the root listPerson element an xml:id value of all, then point to those as appropriate using who.

The trans attribute is provided as a means of characterizing the transition from one utterance to the next at a simpler level of detail than that provided by the temporal alignment mechanism discussed in section 17.4. Synchronization. The value specified applies to the transition from the preceding utterance into the utterance bearing the attribute. For example:³⁶

<u xml:id="ts_a1" who="#a">Have you heard the</u>
<u xml:id="ts_b1" trans="latching" who="#b">the election results? yes</u>
<u xml:id="ts_a2" trans="pause" who="#a">it's a disaster</u>
<u xml:id="ts_b2" trans="overlap" who="#b">it's a miracle</u>

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In this example, utterance ts_b1 latches on to utterance ts_a1, while there is a marked pause between ts_b1 and ts_a2. ts_b2 and ts_a2 overlap, but by an unspecified amount. For ways of providing a more precise indication of the degree of overlap, see section 8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap.

An utterance may contain either running text, or text within which other basic structural elements are nested. Where such nesting occurs, the who attribute is considered to be inherited for the elements pause, vocal, shift, and kinesic; that is, a pause or shift (etc.) within an utterance is regarded as being produced by that speaker only, while a pause between utterances applies to all speakers.

Occasionally, an utterance may seem to contain other utterances, for example where one speaker interrupts himself, or when another speaker produces a ‘back-channel’ while they are still speaking. The present version of these Guidelines does not support nesting of one u element within another. The transcriber must therefore decide whether such interruptions constitute a change of utterance, or whether other elements may be used. In the case of self-interruption, the shift element may be used to show that the speaker has changed the quality of their speech:

<u who="#a">Listen to this <shift new="reading"/>The government is
confident, he said, that the current economic problems will be
completely overcome by June<shift new="normal"/> what nonsense</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

Alternatively the incident element described in section 8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident might be used, without transcribing the read material:

<u who="#a">Listen to this
<incident>
  <desc>reads aloud from newspaper</desc>
 </incident> what
nonsense</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

Often, back-channelling is only semi-lexicalized and may therefore be represented using the vocal element:

<u who="#a">So what could I have done <vocal who="#b">
  <desc>tut-tutting</desc>
 </vocal> about it anyway?</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

Where this is not possible, it is simplest to regard the back-channel as a distinct utterance.

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TEI: Pausing⚓︎8.3.2. Pausing

Speakers differ very much in their rhythm and in particular in the amount of time they leave between words. The following element is provided to mark occasions where the transcriber judges that speech has been paused, irrespective of the actual amount of silence:

pause (pause) marks a pause either between or within utterances.

A pause contained by an utterance applies to the speaker of that utterance. A pause between utterances applies to all speakers. The type attribute may be used to categorize the pause, for example as short, medium, or long; alternatively the attribute dur may be used to indicate its length more exactly, as in the following example:

<u>Okay <pause dur="PT2M"/>U-m<pause dur="PT75S"/>the scene opens up
<pause dur="PT50S"/> with <pause dur="PT20S"/> um <pause dur="PT145S"/> you see
a tree okay?</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

If detailed synchronization of pausing with other vocal phenomena is required, the alignment mechanism defined at section 17.4. Synchronization and discussed informally below should be used. Note that the trans attribute mentioned in the previous section may also be used to characterize the degree of pausing between (but not within) utterances.

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TEI: Vocal, Kinesic, Incident⚓︎8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

The presence of non-transcribed semi-lexical or non-lexical phenomena either between or within utterances may be indicated with the following three elements.

vocal (vocal) marks any vocalized but not necessarily lexical phenomenon, for example voiced pauses, non-lexical backchannels, etc.

kinesic (kinesic) marks any communicative phenomenon, not necessarily vocalized, for example a gesture, frown, etc.

incident (incident) marks any phenomenon or occurrence, not necessarily vocalized or communicative, for example incidental noises or other events affecting communication.

The who attribute should be used to specify the person or group responsible for a vocal, kinesic, or incident which is contained within an utterance, if this differs from that of the enclosing utterance. The attribute must be supplied for a vocal, kinesic, or incident which is not contained within an utterance.

The iterated attribute may be used to indicate that the vocal, kinesic, or incident is repeated, for example laughter as opposed to laugh. These should both be distinguished from laughing, where what is being encoded is a shift in voice quality. For this last case, the shift element discussed in section 8.3.6. Shifts should be used.

A child desc element may be used to supply a conventional representation for the phenomenon, for example:

non-lexical

burp, click, cough, exhale, giggle, gulp, inhale, laugh, sneeze, sniff, snort, sob, swallow, throat, yawn

semi-lexical

ah, aha, aw, eh, ehm, er, erm, hmm, huh, mm, mmhm, oh, ooh, oops, phew, tsk, uh, uh-huh, uh-uh, um, urgh, yup

Researchers may prefer to regard some semi-lexical phenomena as ‘words’ within the bounds of the u element. See further the discussion at section 8.4.3. Regularization of Word Forms below. As for all basic categories, the definition should be made clear in the encodingDesc element of the TEI header.

Some typical examples follow:

<u who="#jan">This is just delicious</u>
<incident>
 <desc>telephone rings</desc>
</incident>
<u who="#ann">I'll get it</u>
<u who="#tom">I used to <vocal>
  <desc>cough</desc>
 </vocal> smoke a lot</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <vocal>
  <desc>sniffs</desc>
 </vocal>He thinks he's tough
</u>
<vocal who="#ann">
 <desc>snorts</desc>
</vocal>
<!-- ... elsewhere, e.g., in the <particDesc>: -->
<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="ann">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="bob">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="jan">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="kim">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="tom">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

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Note that Ann's snorting could equally well be encoded as follows:

<u who="#ann">
 <vocal>
  <desc>snorts</desc>
 </vocal>
</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

The extent to which encoding of incidents or kinesics is included in a transcription will depend entirely on the purpose for which the transcription was made. As elsewhere, this will depend on the particular research agenda and the extent to which their presence is felt to be significant for the interpretation of spoken interactions.

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TEI: Writing⚓︎8.3.4. Writing

Written text may also be encountered when speech is transcribed, for example in a television broadcast or cinema performance, or where one participant shows written text to another. The writing element may be used to distinguish such written elements from the spoken text in which they are embedded.

writing (writing) contains a passage of written text revealed to participants in the course of a spoken text.

gradual
indicates whether the writing is revealed all at once or gradually.

att.global.source provides attributes used by elements to point to an external source.

For example, if speaker A in the breakfast table conversation in section 8.3.1. Utterances above had simply shown the newspaper passage to her interlocutor instead of reading it, the interaction might have been encoded as follows:

<u who="#a">look at this</u>
<writing who="#a" type="newspaper"
 gradual="false">Government claims economic problems
<soCalled>over by June</soCalled>
</writing>
<u who="#a">what nonsense!</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

If the source of the writing being displayed is known, bibliographic information about it may be stored in a listBibl within the sourceDesc element of the TEI header, and then pointed to using the source attribute. For example, in the following imaginary example, a lecturer displays two different versions of the same passage of text:

<sourceDesc>
<!-- ...-->
 <bibl xml:id="FOL1">Shakespeare First Folio text</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="FOL2">Shakespeare Second Folio text</bibl>
<!-- ...-->
</sourceDesc>
<!-- ...-->
<u>[...] now compare the punctuation of lines 12 and 14 in these two
versions of page 42...
<writing source="#FOL1">[...]</writing>
 <writing source="#FOL2">[...]</writing>
</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Temporal Information⚓︎8.3.5. Temporal Information

As noted above, utterances, vocals, pauses, kinesics, incidents, and writing elements all inherit attributes providing information about their position in time from the classes att.timed and att.duration. These attributes can be used to link parts of the transcription very exactly with points on a timeline, or simply to indicate their duration. Note that if start and end point to when elements whose temporal distance from each other is specified in a timeline, then dur is ignored.

The anchor element (see 17.5. Correspondence and Alignment) may be used as an alternative means of aligning the start and end of timed elements, and is required when the temporal alignment involves points within an element.

For further discussion of temporal alignment and synchronization see 8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap below.

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TEI: Shifts⚓︎8.3.6. Shifts

A common requirement in transcribing spoken language is to mark positions at which a variety of prosodic features change. Many paralinguistic features (pitch, prominence, loudness, etc.) characterize stretches of speech which are not co-extensive with utterances or any of the other units discussed so far. One simple method of encoding such units is simply to mark their boundaries. An empty element called shift is provided for this purpose.

shift (shift) marks the point at which some paralinguistic feature of a series of utterances by any one speaker changes.

feature | a paralinguistic feature. Suggested values include: 1] tempo; 2] loud; 3] pitch; 4] tension; 5] rhythm; 6] voice
new | specifies the new state of the paralinguistic feature specified.

A shift element may appear within an utterance or a segment to mark a significant change in the particular feature defined by its attributes, which is then understood to apply to all subsequent utterances for the same speaker, unless changed by a new shift for the same feature in the same speaker. Intervening utterances by other speakers do not normally carry the same feature. For example:

<u>
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>Elizabeth
</u>
<u>Yes</u>
<u>
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Come and try this <pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>come on
</u>

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In this example, the word Elizabeth is spoken loudly, the words Yes and Come and try this with normal volume, and the words come on very loudly.

The values proposed here for the feature attribute are based on those used by the Survey of English Usage (see further Boase 1990); this list may be revised or supplemented using the methods outlined in section 24.3. Customization.

The new attribute specifies the new state of the feature following the shift. If this attribute has the special value normal, the implication is that the feature concerned ceases to be remarkable at this point.

A list of suggested values for each of the features proposed follows:

tempo

a

allegro (fast)

aa

very fast

acc

accelerando (getting faster)

l

lento (slow)

ll

very slow

rall

rallentando (getting slower)

loud (for loudness):

f

forte (loud)

ff

very loud

cresc

crescendo (getting louder)

p

piano (soft)

pp

very soft

dimin

diminuendo (getting softer)

pitch (for pitch range):

high

high pitch-range

low

low pitch-range

wide

wide pitch-range

narrow

narrow pitch-range

asc

ascending

desc

descending

monot

monotonous

scand

scandent, each succeeding syllable higher than the last, generally ending in a falling tone

tension:

sl

slurred

lax

lax, a little slurred

ten

tense

pr

very precise

st

staccato, every stressed syllable being doubly stressed

leg

legato, every syllable receiving more or less equal stress

rhythm:

rh

beatable rhythm

arrh

arrhythmic, particularly halting

spr

spiky rising, with markedly higher unstressed syllables

spf

spiky falling, with markedly lower unstressed syllables

glr

glissando rising, like spiky rising but the unstressed syllables, usually several, also rise in pitch relative to each other

glf

glissando falling, like spiky falling but with the unstressed syllables also falling in pitch relative to each other

voice (for voice quality):

whisp

whisper

breath

breathy

husk

husky

creak

creaky

fals

falsetto

reson

resonant

giggle

unvoiced laugh or giggle

laugh

voiced laugh

trem

tremulous

sob

sobbing

yawn

yawning

sigh

sighing

A full definition of the sense of the values provided for each feature may be provided either in the encoding description section of the text header (see section 2.3. The Encoding Description) or as part of a TEI customization, as described in section 24.3. Customization.

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TEI: Elements Defined Elsewhere⚓︎8.4. Elements Defined Elsewhere

This section describes the following features characteristic of spoken texts for which elements are defined elsewhere in these Guidelines:

segmentation below the utterance level

synchronization and overlap

regularization of orthography

The elements discussed here are not provided by the module for spoken texts. Some of them are included in the core module and others are contained in the modules for linking and for analysis respectively. The selection of modules and their combination to define a TEI schema is discussed in section 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

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TEI: Segmentation⚓︎8.4.1. Segmentation

For some analytic purposes it may be desirable to subdivide the divisions of a spoken text into units smaller than the individual utterance or turn. Segmentation may be performed for a number of different purposes and in terms of a variety of speech phenomena. Common examples include units defined both prosodically (by intonation, pausing, etc.) and syntactically (clauses, phrases, etc.) The term macrosyntagm has been used by a number of researchers to define units peculiar to speech transcripts.³⁷

These Guidelines propose that such analyses be performed in terms of neutrally-named segments, represented by the seg element, which is discussed more fully in section 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors. This element may take a type attribute to specify the kind of segmentation applicable to a particular segment, if more than one is possible in a text. A full definition of the segmentation scheme or schemes used should be provided in the segmentation element of the editorialDecl element in the TEI header (see 2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration).

In the first example below, an utterance has been segmented according to a notion of syntactic completeness not necessarily marked by the speech, although in this case a pause has been recorded between the two sentence-like units. In the second, the segments are defined prosodically (an acute accent has been used to mark the position immediately following the syllable bearing the primary accent or stress), and may be thought of as ‘tone units’.

<u>
 <seg>we went to the pub yesterday</seg>
 <pause/>
 <seg>there was no one there</seg>
</u>
<u>
 <seg>although its an old ide´a</seg>
 <seg>it hasnt been on the mar´ket very long</seg>
</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

In either case, the segmentation element in the header of the text should specify the principles adopted to define the segments marked in this way.

When utterances are segmented end-to-end in the same way as the s-units in written texts, the s element discussed in chapter 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms may be used, either as an alternative or in addition to the more general purpose seg element. The s element is available without formality in all texts, but does not allow segments to nest within each other.

Where segments of different kinds are to be distinguished within the same stretch of speech, the type attribute may be used, as in the following example:

<u who="#T1">
 <seg type="C">I think </seg>
 <seg type="C">this chap was writing </seg>
 <seg type="C">and he <del type="repeated">said hello</del> said </seg>
 <seg type="M">hello </seg>
 <seg type="C">and he said </seg>
 <seg type="C">I'm going to a gate
   at twenty past seven </seg>
 <seg type="C">he said </seg>
 <seg type="M">ok </seg>
 <seg type="M">right away </seg>
 <seg type="C">and so <gap extent="1 syll"/> on they went </seg>
 <seg type="C">and they were <gap extent="3 sylls"/>
   writing there </seg>
</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this example, recoded from a corpus of language-impaired speech prepared by Fletcher and Garman, the speaker's utterance has been fully segmented into clausal (type="C") or minor (type="M") units.

For some features, it may be more appropriate or convenient to introduce a new element in a custom namespace:

<u who="#T1"
   xmlns:ext="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
<!-- ... -->
 <seg type="C">and he said </seg>
 <seg type="C">I'm going to a
 <ext:paraphasia>gate</ext:paraphasia>
   at twenty past seven </seg>
<!-- ... -->
</u>

⚓︎

Here, <ext:paraphasia> has been used to define a particular characteristic of this corpus for which no element exists in the TEI scheme. See further chapter 24.3. Customization for a discussion of the way in which this kind of user-defined extension of the TEI scheme may be performed and chapter 1. The TEI Infrastructure for the mechanisms on which it depends.

This example also uses the core elements gap and del to mark editorial decisions concerning matter completely omitted from the transcript (because of inaudibility), and words which have been transcribed but which the transcriber wishes to exclude from the segment because they are repeated, respectively. See section 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes for a discussion of these and related elements.

It is often the case that the desired segmentation does not respect utterance boundaries; for example, syntactic units may cross utterance boundaries. For a detailed discussion of this problem, and the various methods proposed by these Guidelines for handling it, see chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures. Methods discussed there include these:

‘milestone’ tags may be used; the special-purpose shift tag discussed in section 8.3.6. Shifts is an extension of this method

where several discontinuous segments are to be grouped together to form a syntactic unit (e.g. a phrasal verb with interposed complement), the join element may be used

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TEI: Synchronization and Overlap⚓︎8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

A major difference between spoken and written texts is the importance of the temporal dimension to the former. As a very simple example, consider the following, first as it might be represented in a playscript:

 Jane: Have you read Vanity Fair? Stig: Yes Lou: (nods vigorously)

⚓︎

To encode this, we first define the participants:

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="stig">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="lou">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="jane">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

bibliography ⚓︎

Let us assume that Stig and Lou respond to Jane's question before she has finished asking it—a fairly normal situation in spontaneous speech. The simplest way of representing this overlap would be to use the trans attribute previously discussed:

<u who="#jane">have you read Vanity Fair</u>
<u trans="overlap" who="#stig">yes</u>

⚓︎

However, this does not allow us to indicate either the extent to which Stig's utterance is overlapped, nor does it show that there are in fact three things which are synchronous: the end of Jane's utterance, Stig's whole utterance, and Lou's kinesic. To overcome these problems, more sophisticated techniques, employing the mechanisms for pointing and alignment discussed in detail in section 17.4. Synchronization, are needed. If the module for linking has been enabled (as described in section 8.4.1. Segmentation above), one way to represent the simple example above would be as follows:

<u xml:id="utt1" who="#jane">have you read Vanity <anchor synch="#utt2 #k1" xml:id="a1"/> Fair</u>
<u xml:id="utt2" who="#stig">yes</u>
<kinesic xml:id="k1" who="#lou"
 iterated="true">
 <desc>nods head vertically</desc>
</kinesic>

⚓︎

For a full discussion of this and related mechanisms, section 17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time should be consulted. The rest of the present section, which should be read in conjunction with that more detailed discussion, presents a number of ways in which these mechanisms may be applied to the specific problem of representing temporal alignment, synchrony, or overlap in transcribing spoken texts.

In the simple example above, the first utterance (that with identifier utt1) contains an anchor element, the function of which is simply to mark a point within it. The synch attribute associated with this anchor point specifies the identifiers of the other two elements which are to be synchronized with it: specifically, the second utterance (utt2) and the kinesic (k1). Note that one of these elements has content and the other is empty.

This example demonstrates only a way of indicating a point within one utterance at which it can be synchronized with another utterance and a kinesic. For more complex kinds of alignment, involving possibly multiple synchronization points, an additional element is provided, known as a timeline. This consists of a series of when elements, each representing a point in time, and bearing attributes which indicate its exact temporal position relative to other elements in the same timeline, in addition to the sequencing implied by its position within it.

For example:

<timeline unit="s" origin="#TS-P1">
 <when xml:id="TS-P1"
  absolute="12:20:01+01:00"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-P2" interval="4.5"
  since="#TS-P1"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-P6"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-P3" interval="1.5"
  since="#TS-P6"/>
</timeline>

bibliography ⚓︎

This timeline represents four points in time, named TS-P1, TS-P2, TS-P6, and TS-P3 (as with all attributes named xml:id in the TEI scheme, the names must be unique within the document but have no other significance). TS-P1 is located absolutely, at 12:20:01:01 BST. TS-P2 is 4.5 seconds later than TS-P2 (i.e. at 12:20:46). TS-P6 is at some unspecified time later than TS-P2 and previous to TS-P3 (this is implied by its position within the timeline, as no attribute values have been specified for it). The fourth point, TS-P3, is 1.5 seconds later than TS-P6.

One or more such timelines may be specified within a spoken text, to suit the encoder's convenience. If more than one is supplied, the origin attribute may be used on each to specify which other timeline element it follows. The unit attribute indicates the units used for timings given on when elements contained by the alignment map. Alternatively, to avoid the need to specify times explicitly, the interval attribute may be used to indicate that all the when elements in a time line are a fixed distance apart.

Three methods are available for aligning points or elements within a spoken text with the points in time defined by the timeline:

The elements to be synchronized may specify the identifier of a when element as the value of one of the start, end, or synch attributes

The when element may specify the identifiers of all the elements to be synchronized with it using the synch attribute

A free-standing link element may be used to associate the when element and the elements synchronized with it by specifying their identifiers as values for its target attribute.

For example, using the timeline given above:

<u xml:id="TS-U1" start="#TS-P2"
 end="#TS-P3">This is my <anchor synch="#TS-P6" xml:id="TS-P6A"/> turn</u>

⚓︎

The start of utterance TS-U1 is aligned with TS-P2 and its end with TS-P3. The transition between the words my and turn occurs at point TS-P6A, which is synchronous with point TS-P6 on the timeline.

The synchronization represented by the preceding examples could equally well be represented as follows:

<timeline origin="#ts-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="ts-p1"
  absolute="12:20:01+01:00"/>
 <when synch="#ts-u1" xml:id="ts-p2"
  interval="4.5" since="#ts-p1"/>
 <when synch="#ts-x1" xml:id="ts-p6"/>
 <when synch="#ts-u1" xml:id="ts-p3"
  interval="1.5" since="#ts-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="ts-u1">This is my <anchor xml:id="ts-x1"/> turn</u>

⚓︎

Here, the whole of the object with identifier ts-u1 (the utterance) has been aligned with two different points, ts-p2 and ts-p3. This is interpreted to mean that the utterance spans at least those two points.

Finally, a linkGrp may be used as an alternative to the synch attribute:

<timeline origin="#TS-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-p1" absolute="12:20:01"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p2" interval="4.5"
  since="#TS-p1"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p6"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p3" interval="1.5"
  since="#TS-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="TS-u1">
 <anchor xml:id="TS-u1start"/>
This is my <anchor xml:id="TS-x1"/> turn
<anchor xml:id="TS-u1end"/>
</u>
<linkGrp type="synchronous">
 <link target="#TS-u1start #TS-p1"/>
 <link target="#TS-u1end #TS-p2"/>
 <link target="#TS-x1 #TS-p6"/>
</linkGrp>

⚓︎

As a further example of the three possibilities, consider the following dialogue, represented first as it might appear in a conventional playscript:

Tom: I used to smoke - - Bob: (interrupting) You used to smoke? Tom: (at the same time) a lot more than this.  But I never      inhaled the smoke

bibliography ⚓︎

A commonly used convention might be to transcribe such a passage as follows:

 (1) I used to smoke [ a lot more than this ] (2)                 [ you used to smoke ] (1) but I never inhaled the smoke

bibliography ⚓︎

Such conventions have the drawback that they are hard to generalize or to extend beyond the very simple case presented here. Their reliance on the accidentals of physical layout may also make them difficult to transport and to process computationally. These Guidelines recommend the following mechanisms to encode this.

Where the whole of one or another utterance is to be synchronized, the start and end attributes may be used:

<u who="#tom">I used to smoke <anchor xml:id="TS-p10"/> a lot more than this
<anchor xml:id="TS-p20"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u start="#TS-p10" end="#TS-p20" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that the second utterance above could equally well be encoded as follows with exactly the same effect:

<u who="#bob">
 <anchor synch="#TS-p10"/>You used to smoke<anchor synch="#TS-p20"/>
</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

If synchronization with specific timing information is required, a timeline must be included:

<timeline origin="#TS-t01" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-t01" absolute="15:33:01Z"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-t02" interval="2.5"
  since="#TS-t01"/>
</timeline>
<u who="#tom">I used to smoke
<anchor synch="#TS-t01"/>a lot more than this
<anchor synch="#TS-t02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <anchor synch="#TS-t01"/>You used to smoke<anchor synch="#TS-t02"/>
</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

(Note that If only the ordering or sequencing of utterances is needed, then specific timing information shown here in unit, absolute and interval does not need to be provided.)

As above, since the whole of Bob's utterance is to be aligned, the start and end attributes may be used as an alternative to the second pair of anchor elements:

<u start="#TS-t01" end="#TS-t02" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

An alternative approach is to mark the synchronization by pointing from the timeline to the text:

<timeline origin="#TS-T01">
 <when synch="#TS-nm1 #bob-u2"
  xml:id="TS-T01"/>
 <when synch="#TS-nm2 #bob-u2"
  xml:id="TS-T02"/>
</timeline>
<u who="#tom">I used to smoke
<anchor xml:id="TS-nm1"/>a lot more than this
<anchor xml:id="TS-nm2"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u xml:id="bob-u2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

To avoid deciding whether to point from the timeline to the text or vice versa, a linkGrp may be used:

<body>
 <timeline origin="#T001">
  <when xml:id="T001"/>
  <when xml:id="T002"/>
 </timeline>
 <u who="#tom">I used to smoke
 <anchor xml:id="NM01"/>a lot more than this
 <anchor xml:id="NM02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
 <u xml:id="bob-U2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>
 <linkGrp type="synchronize">
  <link target="#T001 #NM01 #bob-U2"/>
  <link target="#T002 #NM02 #bob-U2"/>
 </linkGrp>
</body>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that in each case, although Bob's utterance follows Tom's sequentially in the text, it is aligned temporally with its middle, without any need to disrupt the normal syntax of the text.

As a final example, consider the following exchange, first as it might be represented using a musical-score-like notation, in which points of synchronization are represented by vertical alignment of the text:

 Stig: This is |my  |turn Jane:         |Balderdash Lou :         |No, |it's mine

bibliography ⚓︎

All three speakers are simultaneous at the words my, Balderdash, and No; speakers Stig and Lou are simultaneous at the words turn and it's. This could be encoded as follows, using pointers from the alignment map into the text:

<timeline origin="#TSp1">
 <when synch="#TSa1 #TSb1 #TSc1"
  xml:id="TSp1"/>
 <when synch="#TSa2 #TSc2" xml:id="TSp2"/>
</timeline>
<!-- ... -->
<u who="#stig">this is <anchor xml:id="TSa1"/> my <anchor xml:id="TSa2"/> turn</u>
<u who="#jane" xml:id="TSb1">balderdash</u>
<u who="#lou" xml:id="TSc1"> no <anchor xml:id="TSc2"/> it's mine</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Regularization of Word Forms⚓︎8.4.3. Regularization of Word Forms

When speech is transcribed using ordinary orthographic notation, as is customary, some compromise must be made between the sounds produced and conventional orthography. Particularly when dealing with informal, dialectal, or other varieties of language, the transcriber will frequently have to decide whether a particular sound is to be treated as a distinct vocabulary item or not. For example, while in a given project kinda may not be worth distinguishing as a vocabulary item from kind of, isn't may clearly be worth distinguishing from is not; for some purposes, the regional variant isnae might also be worth distinguishing in the same way.

One rule of thumb might be to allow such variation only where a generally accepted orthographic form exists, for example, in published dictionaries of the language register being encoded; this has the disadvantage that such dictionaries may not exist. Another is to maintain a controlled (but extensible) set of normalized forms for all such words; this has the advantage of enforcing some degree of consistency among different transcribers. Occasionally, as for example when transcribing abbreviations or acronyms, it may be felt necessary to depart from conventional spelling to distinguish between cases where the abbreviation is spelled out letter by letter (e.g. B B C or V A T) and where it is pronounced as a single word (VAT or RADA). Similar considerations might apply to pronunciation of foreign words (e.g. Monsewer vs. Monsieur).

In general, use of punctuation, capitalization, etc., in spoken transcripts should be carefully controlled. It is important to distinguish the transcriber's intuition as to what the punctuation should be from the marking of prosodic features such as pausing, intonation, etc.

Whatever practice is adopted, it is essential that it be clearly and fully documented in the editorial declarations section of the header. It may also be found helpful to include normalized forms of non-conventional spellings within the text, using the elements for simple editorial changes described in section 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes (see further section 8.4.5. Speech Management).

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TEI: Prosody⚓︎8.4.4. Prosody

In the absence of conventional punctuation, the marking of prosodic features assumes paramount importance, since these structure and organize the spoken message. Indeed, such prosodic features as points of primary or secondary stress may be represented by specialized punctuation marks, or other characters such as those provided by the Unicode Spacing Modifier Letters block. Pauses have already been dealt with in section 8.3.2. Pausing; while tone units (or intonational phrases) can be indicated by the segmentation tag discussed in section 8.4.1. Segmentation. The shift element discussed in section 8.3.6. Shifts may also be used to encode some prosodic features, for example where all that is required is the ability to record shifts in voice quality.

In a more detailed phonological transcript, it is common practice to include a number of conventional signs to mark prosodic features of the surrounding or (more usually) preceding speech. Such signs may be used to record, for example, particular intonation patterns, truncation, vowel quality (long or short) etc. These signs may be preserved in a transcript either by using conventional punctuation or by marking their presence by g elements. Where a transcript includes many phonetic or phonemic aspects, it will generally be more convenient to use the appropriate Unicode characters (see further chapters vi. Languages and Character Sets and 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes). For representation of phonemic information, the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, which can be represented in Unicode characters, is recommended.

In the following example, special characters have been defined as follows within the encodingDesc of the TEI header

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="lf">
  <desc>low fall intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="lr">
  <desc>low rise intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="fr">
  <desc>fall rise intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="rf">
  <desc>rise fall intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="long">
  <desc>lengthened syllable</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="short">
  <desc>shortened syllable</desc>
 </char>
</charDecl>

bibliography ⚓︎

These declarations might additionally provide information about how the characters concerned should be rendered, their equivalent IPA form, etc. In the transcript itself references to them can then be included as follows:

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

This example, which is taken from a corpus of bookshop service encounters, also demonstrates the use of the unclear and gap elements discussed in section 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes. Where words are so unclear that only their extent can be recorded, the empty gap element may be used; where the encoder can identify the words but wishes to record a degree of uncertainty about their accuracy, the unclear element may be used. More flexible and detailed methods of indicating uncertainty are discussed in chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility.

For more detailed work, involving a detailed phonological transcript including representation of stress and pitch patterns, it is probably best to maintain the prosodic description in parallel with the conventional written transcript, rather than attempt to embed detailed prosodic information within it. The two parallel streams may be aligned with each other and with other streams, for example an acoustic encoding, using the general alignment mechanisms discussed in section 8.3.6. Shifts.

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TEI: Speech Management⚓︎8.4.5. Speech Management

Phenomena of speech management include disfluencies such as filled and unfilled pauses, interrupted or repeated words, corrections, and reformulations as well as interactional devices asking for or providing feedback. Depending on the importance attached to such features, transcribers may choose to adopt conventionalized representations for them (as discussed in section 8.4.3. Regularization of Word Forms above), or to transcribe them using IPA or some other transcription system. To simplify analysis of the lexical features of a speech transcript, it may be felt useful to ‘tidy away’ many of these disfluencies. Where this policy has been adopted, these Guidelines recommend the use of the tags for simple editorial intervention discussed in section 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes, to make explicit the extent of regularization or normalization performed by the transcriber.

For example, false starts, repetition, and truncated words might all be included within a transcript, but marked as editorially deleted, in the following way:

<u>
 <del type="truncation">s</del>see
<del type="repetition">you you</del> you know
<del type="falseStart">it's</del> he's crazy
</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

As previously noted, the gap element may be used to mark points within a transcript where words have been omitted, for example because they are inaudible, as in the following example in which 5 seconds of speech is drowned out by an external event:

<gap reason="passing-truck" quantity="5"
 unit="s"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

The unclear element may be used to mark words which have been included although the transcriber is unsure of their accuracy:

<u>...and then <unclear reason="passing-truck">marbled queen</unclear>
</u>

bibliography ⚓︎

Where a transcriber is believed to have incorrectly identified a word, the elements corr or sic embedded within a choice element may be used to indicate both the original and a corrected form of it:

<choice>
 <corr>SCSI</corr>
 <sic>skuzzy</sic>
</choice>

bibliography ⚓︎

These elements are further discussed in section 3.5.1. Apparent Errors.

Finally phenomena such as code-switching, where a speaker switches from one language to another, may easily be represented in a transcript by using the foreign element provided by the core tagset:

<u who="#P1">I proposed that <foreign xml:lang="de"> wir können
 <pause dur="PT1S"/> vielleicht </foreign> go to warsaw
and <emph>vienna</emph>
</u>

⚓︎

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TEI: Analytic Coding⚓︎8.4.6. Analytic Coding

The recommendations made here only concern the establishment of a basic text. Where a more sophisticated analysis is needed, more sophisticated methods of markup will also be appropriate, for example, using stand-off markup to indicate multiple segmentation of the stream of discourse, or complex alignment of several segments within it. Where additional annotations (sometimes called ‘codes’ or ‘tags’) are used to represent such features as linguistic word class (noun, verb, etc.), type of speech act (imperative, concessive, etc.), or information status (theme/rheme, given/new, active/semi-active/new), etc., a selection from the general purpose analytic tools discussed in chapters 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment, 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms, and 19. Feature Structures may be used to advantage.

The general-purpose annotationBlock element may be used to group together a transcription and multiple layers of annotation. It also serves to divide a transcribed text up into meaningful analytic sections.

annotationBlock groups together various annotations, e.g. for parallel interpretations of a spoken segment.

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TEI: Module for Transcribed Speech⚓︎8.5. Module for Transcribed Speech

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module spoken: Transcribed Speech

Elements defined: annotationBlock broadcast equipment incident kinesic pause recording recordingStmt scriptStmt shift transcriptionDesc u vocal writing

Classes defined: att.duration model.divPart.spoken model.global.spoken model.recordingPart

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

34

For a discussion of several of these see Edwards and Lampert (eds.) (1993); Johansson (1994); and Johansson et al. (1991).

35

The original is a conversation between two children and their parents, recorded in 1987, and discussed in MacWhinney (1988)

36

For the most part, the examples in this chapter use no sentence punctuation except to mark the rising intonation often found in interrogative statements; for further discussion, see section 8.4.3. Regularization of Word Forms.

37

The term was apparently first proposed by Loman and Jørgensen (1971), where it is defined as follows: ‘A text can be analysed as a sequence of segments which are internally connected by a network of syntactic relations and externally delimited by the absence of such relations with respect to neighbouring segments. Such a segment is a syntactic unit called a macrosyntagm’ (trans. S. Johansson).

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

9. Computer-mediated Communication

Table of contents

9.1. General Considerations

9.2. Basic Units of CMC

9.3. Encoding Unique to CMC

9.4. CMC Macrostructure

9.5. Documenting CMC (and providing general metadata)

9.6. Recommendations for Encoding CMC Microstructure

9.7. The TEI CMC Module

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This chapter describes the TEI encoding mechanisms available for textual data that represents discourse from genres of computer-mediated communication (CMC). It is intended to provide the basic framework needed to encode CMC corpora.

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TEI: General Considerations⚓︎9.1. General Considerations

While the term computer-mediated communication might be used broadly to describe all kinds of communications that are mediated by digital technologies (such as text on web pages, written exchanges in chats and forums, interactions with artificial intelligence systems, the spoken conversations in internet video meetings), for the purposes of these Guidelines we use the term to apply to forms of communication that share the following features:

they are dialogic;

they are organized as interactional sequences so that each communicative move may determine the context for subsequent moves (typically taken by another interlocutor) and may react to the context created by a prior move;

they are created and displayed using computer technology or human-machine interfaces such as keyboard, mouse, speech-to-text conversion software, monitor or screen and transmitted over a computer network (typically the internet).

Such communications may be expressed as posts (cf. 9.3.1. CMC Posts), utterances, onscreen activities, or bodily activities exerted by a virtual avatar.

The following kinds of platforms support CMC:

chats, messengers, or online forums;

social media platforms and applications;

the communication functions of collaborative platforms and projects (e.g. an online learning environment, or a ‘talk’ page);

3D virtual world environments;

other interactive services supported by the internet.

CMC supports multimodal expression combining text, images, sound. Whereas early CMC systems (e.g. Internet Relay Chat, ‘IRC’ for short, the Usenet ‘newsgroups’, or even the Unix talk system) were completely ASCII-based, most CMC applications now permit combining media formats (e.g. written or spoken language with graphic icons and images) and mixing communication technologies on one platform (e.g. combined use of an audio connection, a chat system, and a 3D interface in which users control a virtual avatar as in many multiplayer online computer games or in virtual worlds).

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TEI: Basic Units of CMC⚓︎9.2. Basic Units of CMC

This section describes the encoding mechanisms for the basic units of CMC and for their combined use to encode CMC data.

We use the term basic CMC unit to refer to a communication produced by an interlocutor to initiate or contribute to an ongoing CMC interaction or joint CMC activity. Contributions to an ongoing interaction are produced to perform a move to develop the interactional sequence, for instance to respond in chats or forum discussions. Contributions to joint CMC activities may not all be directly interactional; some may be part of a collaborative project of the involved individuals. Such collaboration could involve editing activities in a shared text editor or whiteboard in parallel with an ongoing CMC interaction (chat, audio conversation, or audio-video conference) in the same CMC environment in which these editing activities are discussed by the participants.

Basic units of CMC can be described according to three criteria:

the temporal properties of when these contributions are produced by their creators, transmitted via CMC systems, and made accessible for the recipients;

the modality of the unit as a whole, whether verbal or nonverbal;

for verbal units: whether the unit is expressed in the written or spoken mode.

A taxonomy of basic CMC units resulting from these criteria is given in the following figure.

Figure 11. Taxonomy of basic CMC units according to Beißwenger and Lüngen (2020)

The most important distinction in the CMC taxonomy concerns the temporal nature of units exchanged via CMC technologies. The left part of the taxonomy describes units that are performed (by a producer) and perceived (by a recipient) as a continuous stream of behaviour. Units of this type can be performed as

spoken utterances,

i.e. stretches of speech which are produced to perform a speaker turn in a conversation,

bodily activity,

i.e. nonverbal behaviour (gesture, gaze) produced to perform a speaker turn, either performed by the real body of an interlocutor (e.g. in a video conference) or through the virtual avatar of an interlocutor in a 3D environment,

onscreen activities,

i.e. non-bodily expressions that are transmitted to the group of interacting or coworking participants, for instance the editing of content in a shared text editor which can be perceived by the other parties simultaneously (as may be the case in learning or collaboration environments).

The right part of the CMC taxonomy describes units in which the production, transmission, and perception of contributions to CMC interactions are organized in a strictly consecutive order: The content—verbal, nonverbal, or multimodal—of the contribution has to be produced before it can be transmitted through a network and made available on the computer monitor or mobile screen of any other party as a preserved and persistent unit. We term this type of unit a post. Posts occur in two different variants:

as written or multimodal posts, which are produced with an editor form that is designed for the composition of stretches of written text. Most contemporary post-based CMC technologies provide features for the inclusion of graphic and audio-visual content (emoji graphics, images, videos) into posts and even to produce posts without verbal content (which then may consist only of emojis, an image, or a video file). Written and multimodal posts are the standard formats for user contributions in primarily text-based CMC genres and applications such as chat, SMS, WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, X (Twitter), online forums, or Wikipedia talk pages.

as audio posts, which are produced using a recording function. In contrast to CMC units of the type utterance which are produced and transmitted simultaneously, audio posts first have to be recorded as a whole and are then transmitted, as audio files, via the internet; the availability of the recording is indicated in the screen protocol by a template-generated, visual post; the recipients can play the recording (repeatedly) by activating the play button displayed in the post on the screen. Examples of CMC applications that implement audio posts are WhatsApp or RocketChat.

Three of the four basic CMC units described above can be represented with models that are described elsewhere in the TEI Guidelines:

CMC unit | Type of corpus data | TEI P5 element
spoken utterance | transcription of speech | u
bodily activity | textual description | kinesic
onscreen activity | textual description | incident

The u, kinesic, and incident elements are not limited to CMC, but apply to encode textual transcriptions of spoken turns and CMC data about bodily activity and onscreen activity. The CMC unit post, which is specific to CMC, is introduced in 9.3.1. CMC Posts.

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TEI: Encoding Unique to CMC⚓︎9.3. Encoding Unique to CMC

This section describes elements, attributes, and models which are unique to CMC and the TEI CMC module.

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TEI: CMC Posts⚓︎9.3.1. CMC Posts

While the concept of a post is not unique to computer-mediated communication (ask anyone who has posted a ‘lost cat’ sign in the local market), this chapter concerns itself only with postings within a framework of a CMC system. Thus the element post is unique to the encoding of computer-mediated communication (CMC).

post a written (or spoken) contribution to a CMC interaction which has been composed (or recorded) by its author in its entirety before being transmitted over a network (e.g., the internet) and made available on the monitor or screen of the other parties en bloc.

Posts occur in a broad range of written CMC genres, including (but not limited to) messages in chats and WhatsApp dialogues, tweets in X (Twitter) timelines, comments on Facebook pages, posts in forum threads, and comments or contributions to discussions on Wikipedia talk pages or in the comment sections of weblogs.

Posts can be either written or spoken:

written or multimodal posts: In the majority of CMC technologies posts are composed as stretches of text using a keyboard or speech-to-text conversion software in an entry form on the screen. In many cases the technology allows authors to include or embed graphics (emojis or images), video files, and hyperlinks into their posts.

spoken (audio posts): A growing number of CMC technologies, e.g. messenger software such as WhatsApp or RocketChat, allow for an alternative, spoken production of posts by providing a recording function which allows users to record a stretch of spoken language and transmit the resulting audio file to the other parties.

The element post may co-occur with u, kinesic, incident, or other existing TEI elements within a div, or directly within the body, and may contain headings, paragraphs, openers, closers, or salutations.

The post element is a member of several TEI attribute classes, including att.ascribed, att.canonical, att.datable, att.global, att.timed, and att.typed, and as such may take a variety of attributes.

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TEI: Attributes Specific to CMC post⚓︎9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC <post>

Three attributes pertain specifically to post:

post a written (or spoken) contribution to a CMC interaction which has been composed (or recorded) by its author in its entirety before being transmitted over a network (e.g., the internet) and made available on the monitor or screen of the other parties en bloc.

modality | written or spoken mode. Suggested values include: 1] written; 2] spoken (for audio (or audio-visual) posts)
replyTo | indicates to which previous post the current post replies or refers.

att.indentation provides attributes for describing the indentation of a textual element on the source page or object.

indentLevel
specifies the level of indentation of an item using a numeric value.

The type of the content of a post (i.e., whether the content is text, an image, a video clip, etc.) is indicated by the child elements of the post. (E.g., a post might have a child p, or a child figure with a graphic, or a child figure with a media, or some combination thereof.) How that content was created—whether it was recorded speech or not—may be described with the modality attribute. Because spoken language differs significantly from written language, the suggested values only separate the spoken modality from the written modality, which covers all cases other than spoken natural language. The use of modality is recommended but not required.

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t005" who="#A06"
 xml:id="cmc_post09">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc xml:lang="en">screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm"
     with the average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and
     the opening hours.</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

⚓︎

The replyTo attribute is used to capture information drawn from the original metadata associated with a post that asserts to which previous post the current post is a response, or to which previous post it refers. This metadata is included by many, but not all, CMC environments, when the user executes a formal reply action (e.g., by clicking or tapping a reply button). This attribute should not be used to encode interpreted or inferred reply relations based on linguistic cues or discourse markers.

The replyTo attribute indicates the replied-to or referred-to posts by providing one or more pointers to them. In the following example, reply references in the source indicate that the first post is a reply to an initial post that is not part of the example, the second is a reply to the first, and the third is a reply to the second.

<post type="comment" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmc_post10" who="#u7"
 replyTo="#cmc_post09" when-iso="2015-07-29T21:44">
 <p>Es hat den Anschein, als wäre bei BER durchaus große Kompetenz am Bau, allerdings
   nicht in Form von Handwerkern….</p>
 <p>http://www.zeit.de/2015/29/imtech-flughafen-berlin-ber-verzoegerung/komplettansicht</p>
</post>
<post type="comment" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmc_post11" who="#u8"
 replyTo="#cmc_post10" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:11">
 <p>Nein Nein, an den Handwerkern kann es rein strukturel nicht gelegen haben. Niemand
   lässt seine Handwerker auf der Baustelle derart allein. Zudem gibt es höchstoffizielle
   “Abnahmen” von Bauabschnitten/phasen. Welcher Mangel auch bestanden hatte, er hätte
   Zeitnah auffallen müssen.</p>
 <p>Uuups, für Imtek hab ich mal in einer Nachunternehmerfirma gearbeitet. Imtek is
   offenbar ein universeler Bauträger, der alles baut.</p>
</post>
<post type="comment" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmc_post12" who="#u8"
 replyTo="#cmc_post11" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:26">
 <p>Stahlkunstruktionen dacht ich mal, was die bauen—oder bauen lassen.</p>
 <p>Das ist schon ein übles Ding. Die Ausschreibungenund Angebote sind unauffällig, aber
   wenn Unregelmässigkeiten auftreten (im Bauverlauf) dann gibt es die saftigen
   Rechnungen. Da steht dann der Bauherr da und fragt sich, wie er denn so schnell einen
   fähigen Ersatz herbekommt. Und diese Frage erübrigt sich meist, weil der Markt der
   Baufirmen das nicht hergibt — weil tendenziel 100 % Auslastung. (und noch schlimmer:
   Absprachen) Was auch Folge des Marktdrucks gewesen war.</p>
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the CMC genre of wiki talk, users insert their contribution to a discussion by modifying the wiki page of the discussion—the talk page. Since there is no technical reply action available in wiki software, users apply textual indentation in the wiki code to indicate a reply to a previous message, and a threaded structure is formed by a series of such indentations. The attribute indentLevel records the level of indentation, that is the nesting depth of the current post in such a thread-like structure (as defined by its author and in relation to the standard level of non-indentation which should be encoded with an indentLevel of 0). It is used in wiki talk corpora but may also be used for other threaded genres, for example when HTML is used as a source.

The following is a sample encoding of a portion of a discussion among four different users on a Wikipedia talk page.

<div type="thread" xml:id="i.10031_19">
 <head>[[WP:AUTO]]</head>
 <post indentLevel="0" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-07T03:09+00" who="#WU00010808" xml:id="cmc_post13">
  <p> I would kindly request from Mr. Meyer to allow others to edit the [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="1" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-08T03:49+00" who="#WU00010804" xml:id="cmc_post14">
  <p>I dont agree, this article is not about Dr. Meyer, [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="2" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-08T04:16+00" who="#WU00005520" xml:id="cmc_post15">
  <p>Why don't you read the policy. [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="3" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-11-01T22:58+00" who="#WU00010815" xml:id="cmc_post16">
  <p>Because the policy makes no sense, [...]</p>
 </post>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Attributes for General CMC Encoding⚓︎9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

The attribute generatedBy is also unique to CMC encoding. But unlike modality, replyTo, and indentLevel, generatedBy is available not only on the post element, but on any of its descendants as well.

att.cmc (computer-mediated communication) provides attributes categorizing how the element content was created in a CMC environment.

generatedBy
(generated by) categorizes how the content of an element was generated in a CMC environment. Suggested values include: 1] human; 2] template; 3] system; 4] bot; 5] unspecified

The generatedBy attribute may indicate, for post or any of its descendants, how the content transcribed in an element was generated in a CMC environment. That is, whether the source text being transcribed was created by a human user, created by the CMC system at the request of a human user (e.g., when the user activates a template that generates the content, such as in a signature), generated by the CMC system (e.g. a status message or a timestamp), or generated by an automated process external to the CMC system itself. This attribute is optional; when it is not specified on a post element its value is presumed to be unspecified; when it is unspecified on any descendant of post its value is inherited from the immediately enclosing element. In turn, if generatedBy is not specified on that element it inherits the value from its immediately enclosing element, and so on up the document hierarchy until a post is reached; the post either has a generatedBy attribute specified or its presumed value is unspecified.

A list of suggested values for generatedBy follows:

human

when the content of the respective element was ‘naturally’ typed or spoken by a human user (cf. the chat posts in example haircut)

template

when the content of the respective element was generated after a human user activated a template for its insertion (often applicable to signed and time; e.g. see the signature in wiki talk in this example below)

system

when the content of the respective element was generated by the system, i.e. the CMC environment (see, e.g., the system message in an IRC chat in the this other example below)

bot

when the content of the respective element was generated by a bot, i.e. a non-human agent, typically one that is not part of the CMC environment itself

unspecified

when it is unspecified or unknown how the content of the respective element was generated (see, e.g. the retweet that forms the second post in this example below).

The following is a sample encoding of a chat post that contains an emoji. Although the post was written by a human, the emoji itself was marked in the source as having been generated by a template:

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t003" who="#A02"
 xml:id="cmc_post18" xml:lang="de"> Da kostet ein Haarschnitt 50 €
<figure type="emoji"
  generatedBy="template">
  <desc type="label" xml:lang="en">face screaming in fear</desc>
  <desc type="unicode">U+1F631</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the following example, the user signature of a wiki talk post was inserted by activating a template, and is thus marked accordingly:

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post19" indentLevel="0" who="#u005" synch="#t005">
 <p>I'm not sure that this is a proper criterium, or even what this means. What if we set
   an explosion that breaks a comet into two pieces? What if we build a moon? Cheers,
 </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:Greenodd">Greenodd</ref> (<ref target="/wiki/User_talk:Greenodd">talk</ref>) <time>01:00, 21
     July 2011 (UTC)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the following example, a tweet is specified as having been written by a human; however inside the tweet, the timestamp is marked as generated by the CMC system:

<post modality="written" type="tweet"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t001"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043764753502486528" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:31 </time> Heute mit super Unterstützung, wir grunzen,
wenn die Zeit vorbei ist. <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref> PS: Die beiden brauchen noch Namen. Hinweise dazu am Empfang abgeben!
<ref type="twitter-account"
  target="https://twitter.com/AndreLo79">@AndreLo79</ref>
 <figure type="image">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnwygdSW4AAoTUn.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="unspecified" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:id="cmc_post_1043769240136880128">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043767827927388160"/>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u3"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043767827927388160">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:43 </time>
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dnw1TRNXgAAKqlK.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

⚓︎

Finally, in the following example of an IRC post, the status message that user ‘Interseb has entered the room’ was generated by the system, i.e. the chat environment.

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#SYSTEM" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" ref="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: CMC Macrostructure⚓︎9.4. CMC Macrostructure

In many CMC genres, posts may occur in a variety of ways: e.g. in a sequence or in threads, or grouped in some other way. For example, in chat communication such as WhatsApp, posts are part of ‘a chat’ of one user with another user or among a group of users. When an entire chat is saved, typically a ‘logfile’ of the chat is obtained from the CMC system and downloaded. Similarly, Wikipedia discussions occur on a talk page, which ultimately is a web page containing the user posts, sub-structured in threads. Likewise, YouTube comments occur on a webpage containing the YouTube video along with comment posts and posts replying to those comments displayed below the video. The video serves as a prompt for the whole discussion. In forum discussions, the prompt may be a news item, and in Wikipedia, an article may be viewed as the prompt for the discussion on the talk page associated with that article.

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TEI: Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents⚓︎9.4.1. Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents

When CMC documents are compiled into a collection, dataset, or corpus, we distinguish the following levels in the macrostructure of CMC in TEI:

The corpus level

The level of a corpus or collection of CMC texts of a particular genre, generally obtained from a particular CMC platform, sometimes even from several platforms. This level may be represented by either a TEI element or a teiCorpus element. The teiHeader of the corpus (i.e., the teiHeader that is a child of the outermost TEI or teiCorpus) will contain metadata in its sourceDesc about the CMC platform(s). Metadata about the project responsible for collecting the data and building the corpus, if applicable, should be recorded as well.

The document level

A set of posts collected (or sampled) by a researcher for analysis. The posts of the document will often map directly to the set of posts grouped on an existing web page, thread, or document within a CMC environment. Within the CMC environment the document as such is often created by a particular user, thereby initiating the communication which other users may read, and to which some other users might contribute. This level will naturally be represented by the TEI element. The teiCorpus (or TEI) element that represents the corpus will contain one or more TEI elements as usual.

In the teiHeader of a document level TEI, the sourceDesc will contain metadata about the CMC document such as a title, its author or owner, its URL, the date of its creation, the date of the last change made to it, and other metadata that are available and to be recorded such as one or more categories associated with the document.

The document sometimes contains, or is associated with, a prompt such as a video or a news item, either provided by the initiating user herself or located elsewhere and referenced at the beginning of the document. In such cases, the teiHeader of the document should also contain metadata about this prompt.

The post level

The level of the individual post is naturally represented by the post element; its encoding is further described in section 9.3.1. CMC Posts. A TEI element will contain a number of post elements, which can be grouped or ordered in div elements representing sequences or threads (section 9.4.2. Sequences, Sections, Threads) if appropriate.

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<!-- a corpus, collection or dataset of CMC documents -->
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the corpus or CMC dataset-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
<!-- a CMC document such as a chat log or a discussion page -->
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the CMC document -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
   <body>
    <div>
<!-- subdivisions of the CMC document e.g. in sections or threads if applicable-->
     <post>
<!-- one post -->
     </post>
<!-- more posts -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more documents -->
</teiCorpus>

⚓︎

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TEI: Sequences, Sections, Threads⚓︎9.4.2. Sequences, Sections, Threads

As shown in Example 9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC post above, nested threads of posts may be encoded sequentially, while the indentLevel attribute of post is used to keep track of the original nesting depth. This is especially meant for CMC text obtained from a wiki code or HTML source, where it is not always entirely clear whether the indentation information actually reflects a reply action from a user.

In genres where technical reply information is available for each post, reply links can be encoded using the replyTo attribute on post elements, as shown in the second example of 9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC post. The network of all reply links will then also form a threaded structure, and visual indentations can be reconstructed from it and need not be explicitly encoded.

Threads may also be explicitly encoded as nested div elements as in the following skeleton:

<div type="thread" n="0">
 <post>...</post>
 <div type="thread" n="1">
  <post> ... </post>
  <post> ... </post>
  <div type="thread" n="2">
<!-- posts -->
  </div>
 </div>
</div>

⚓︎

Using this encoding strategy, this example from 9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC post could be encoded as follows:

<div type="thread" n="0">
 <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post01"
  who="#u7" when-iso="2015-07-29T21:44">
  <p>Es hat den Anschein, ...</p>
 </post>
 <div type="thread" n="1">
  <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post02"
   who="#u8" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:11">
   <p>Nein Nein, an den Handwerkern kann es ...</p>
  </post>
  <div type="thread" n="2">
   <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post03"
    who="#u8" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:26">
    <p>Stahlkunstruktionen dacht ich mal, ....</p>
   </post>
  </div>
 </div>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Multimodal CMC⚓︎9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

As explained in section 9.2. Basic Units of CMC, the elements post, u, kinesic, and incident are available to encode textual transcriptions of written posts, spoken turns, bodily activities of avatars, and onscreen activity by users that occur in CMC data; and, as discussed in section 9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC post, graphics or other media data within posts are encoded in a post with modality set to written. When two or more of these features occur in a CMC interaction, we can speak of multimodal CMC.

Some basic multimodality is available in many private chat systems such as WhatsApp, where spoken and written posts and media posts containing images or video clips can alternate in the sequence of posts. The following shows the suggested encoding of an extended part of the haircut chat example from above, including a spoken post, several written posts, and a post containing a graphic image (adapted from the MoCoDa2 corpus Beißwenger et al. (eds.) (visited 30 March 2022))

<post modality="spoken" generatedBy="human"
 synch="#cmc-haircut_t004" who="#cmc-haircut_A05"
 xml:id="cmc-haircut_m9"> In Düsseldorf gibt's da so Abstufungen. Da gibt's einmal Oliver
Schmidt, Oliver Schmidt's Hair Design, also dann, ist eher also, keine Ahnung, zum
Beispiel ich war da bei dem etwas Günstigeren dann. Ich weiß nicht, ob's das in Essen auch
gibt diese Abstufungen </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t004"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A02" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m10"> Ich schau mal :) </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t005"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A06" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m11"> Ich gehe immer nach Katernberg zu Pasha’s
haarem Hahaha also die sind echt entspannt und gut und nicht teuer </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tcmc-haircut_005"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A06" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m12">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc xml:lang="en">screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm"
     with the average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and
     the opening hours. </desc>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t006"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A03" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m13"> Olivers hair und Oliver Schmidt gehören
zusammen </post>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the graphical user interface (GUI) of a more complex multimodal CMC environment such as Second Life, a gaming and learning platform, interactions may consist of interleaved occurrences of posts (p), utterances (u) and nonverbal acts such as bodily activities (kinesic) or other on-screen activities (incident). In the following example a spoken utterance, an avatar's bodily activity, and a written post occur on the same level within the body element, representing parts of a multimodal chat in Second Life (adapted from the Archi21 corpus).

<text>
 <body>
  <u xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a191"
   who="#tingrabu"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts373" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts430">ok
     hm for me this presentation was hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> become too fast because it's
     always the same in our architecture school euh we have not time and hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> too quickly sorry [...]</u>
  <kinesic xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a192"
   who="#romeorez"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts376" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts377"
   type="body" subtype="kinesics">
   <desc>
    <code>eat(popcorn)</code>
   </desc>
  </kinesic>
<!-- more bodily activities of avatars -->
  <post modality="written"
   generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a195"
   who="#tfrez2"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts380" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts381"
   type="chat-message">
   <p>it went too quickly?</p>
  </post>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that the spoken utterance u represents a speaker turn that was transmitted via an audio channel of the application that is continuously open during a session, whereas a spoken post represents a spoken message that has been recorded in private and been posted to the CMC server as a whole. See section 9.2. Basic Units of CMC.

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TEI: Documenting CMC (and providing general metadata)⚓︎9.5. Documenting CMC (and providing general metadata)

TEI: Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data⚓︎9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

The teiHeader of the corpus should contain metadata about the CMC platform(s), e.g. its name, information about its owner (often a company) including their address or location, the URL of the server where the CMC data were collected from, or the filename of a database dump that was used as a source. Metadata about the project responsible for collecting the data and building the corpus, if applicable, should be recorded as well.

The following example shows the sourceDesc of a X (Twitter) corpus.

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

⚓︎

The following example shows how a Wikipedia database dump may be encoded as the source.

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: Describing the Source of a CMC Document⚓︎9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

A CMC document may be a chat logfile, a discussion page, or a thematical thread of posts as encoded within a TEI element. Among the metadata to be recorded in the sourceDesc of its teiHeader are, if available, its title, author or owner, its URL, the date of its creation and/or the date of its last change (i.e. the time when the last post was added to it).

The following example is the sourceDesc of a TEI encoding of a YouTube page that contained a video and user comments on the video (which are encoded in the body of the text as posts). The metadata contain a URL reference to the video and the YouTube channel that posted the video in relatedItem elements. The date when the page was created is not known. The example is adapted from the NottDeuYTSch corpus (Cotgrove (ed.) (2018)), where the video itself is not contained in the corpus.

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Iron Man 3 in 3D (Official Trailer German) Parodie</title>
  <respStmt>
   <name type="user">DieAussenseiter</name>
   <resp>posted video, created page</resp>
  </respStmt>
  <distributor>YouTube</distributor>
  <ptr type="url"
   target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WU_3-0UpU"/>
  <series>
   <title>DieAussenseiter’s Channel</title>
   <ptr target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCKn1vL4Ou4DKu0BlcK3NlDQ"/>
  </series>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

bibliography ⚓︎

The following example is the sourceDesc of a Wikipedia talk page. Note that a relatedItem element is used to record a reference to the Wikipedia article that the transcribed discussion is about.

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: Documenting the Sampling of CMC data⚓︎9.5.3. Documenting the Sampling of CMC data

The documentation of how the data were collected, e.g. how it was scraped or sampled from the web, or downloaded from a server, should be recorded in the samplingDecl. Like other metadata, information about sampling should be recorded at the highest level applicable. That is, if the information applies to an entire corpus, the samplingDecl should appear in the teiHeader of the corpus level; if the information is different for each document, it should appear in the teiHeader of the document level texts.

The sampling information typically considered of interest consists of at least the following four components:

interface: The API that was used for the download, possibly encoded as a <name type="API">;

client: The client or other tool that was used for the download, possibly encoded as a <name type="client">;

query: The query or command used for the download, possibly encoded with a <ptr type="query"> when it is a URI, or a code when it is a command;

date: The date of the download.

For example, in the case of an X (Twitter) corpus a sampling declaration might look like the following:

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Sampled using the <name type="API">Twitter Filtered stream v2-API</name> (see <ptr type="APIdoc"
   target="https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/filtered-stream/api-reference/get-tweets-search-stream"/>) Filtered for the German language and the following countries: Germany, Austria,
   Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, and Luxembourg. Downloaded on <date when="2022-12-12">Mon 12 Dec 22</date> using the command
 <code>requests.get("https://api.twitter.com/2/tweets/search/stream",
     headers=headers, params=params, stream=True,)</code> in the python script <name type="script">collectFilteredTwitterStream.py</name>. </p>
</samplingDecl>

⚓︎

The samplingDecl of a Usenet Newsgroup corpus:

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Downloaded from the news.individual.de server on 2016-01-15 using nntp client in
   Python</p>
</samplingDecl>

⚓︎

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TEI: Participants⚓︎9.5.4. Participants

A listPerson may be used to maintain an inventory of users and bots taking part in a CMC interaction, along with information about them. As with other such contextual information, it may be kept in the teiHeader (where it would occur in a particDesc within a profileDesc) or in a separate document completely. In either case, an encoded post may then be linked to its author by use of the who attribute.

In the following example, a list of participants is maintained in a teiHeader.

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the following version of the body portion of the same example, the list of interactants is stored in a separate file (in this case the file userList.xml in the same directory).

<!-- In the <body>: --><div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post05" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="./userList.xml#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

Alternatively, a prefixDef may be used to declare a prefix which can be used in the value of who to generate a complete URI, thus making the values of who shorter, less error-prone, and easier to maintain. For example, the prefix uL: could be used to map the value uL:06 to file:/userList.xml#cmc_user_06. See 17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers for more information on establishing prefix definitions.

This indirection—using a listPerson, particularly one in a separate file, to store information about the users involved in a CMC interaction—is particularly useful when there is both a need to keep such information locally, and to remove it (e.g., to ‘anonymize’ the data) when the data are published or shared with other researchers.

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TEI: Timeline⚓︎9.5.5. Timeline

From most CMC environments, user posts come provided with a timestamp marking the time (often down to the second) when the post arrived and was registered at the CMC server. In the display of chat interactions, for instance, the time is automatically added by the system and usually precedes or follows the actual content of the post. In Wikipedia talk, a timestamp is automatically added when the user inserts his or her signature. A timestamp in the text body may be transcribed using a date or time element, in which case the when attribute may be used to record a normalized version of the date, time, or date and time if this information is available or reconstructible.

<post modality="written" rend="color:black"
 who="#f2213001.A06" xml:id="cmc_post06">
 <time generatedBy="system">21:52</time>
das ist auf jedenfall krankheit

</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post07" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
  <date when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z">01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
 </signed>
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

Alternatively the timestamp may be recorded using the when attribute of post. In this case, if the details of how the timestamp appeared in the original are considered unimportant, the actual transcription may be omitted.

<post modality="written"
 when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z" who="#u006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
 </signed>
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

Instead of transcribing timestamps or recording the timestamp directly on an attribute of post, all timestamps of a set of posts can be collected in when elements in a timeline element in the teiHeader, most suitably in the interaction element (itself in the textDesc in the profileDesc). In which case, similar to the encoding of transcripts of spoken utterances (for which see 8. Transcriptions of Speech), each individual post can be linked to its timestamp via the synch attribute as in the following alternative encoding of the Wikipedia talk example above.

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

⚓︎

Note that the synch attribute is provided by the module described in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.

Removing timestamps from the text body can help meet requirements of text anonymization. For instance, if the particDesc and the timeline are stored in a separate file, the rest of the corpus can be distributed without this separate file. Thus the recipient of the corpus may know in what order posts were made (if the values of the synch are sequential), and will be able to group posts made by the same user, but will not have exact timestamps or actual user names, thus providing a significant degree of anonymization.

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post08" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern. </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"> [_DELETED-SIGNATURE_]
 <date synch="#t007">[_DELETED-TIMESTAMP_]</date>
 </signed>
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

As demonstrated above, the synch attribute can be used on date or time (or indeed any other element) rather than on the post itself.

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TEI: Recommendations for Encoding CMC Microstructure⚓︎9.6. Recommendations for Encoding CMC Microstructure

TEI: Emojis and Emoticons⚓︎9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

Emojis are iconic or symbolic, invariant graphic units which the users of social media applications such as WhatsApp, Instagram, and X (Twitter) can select from a menu or ‘emoji keyboard’ and embed into their written posts. Examples are 😁, 😷, 🌈, 😱, and 🙈. An emoji is encoded by one or more Unicode characters which are intended to be mapped directly to a pictorial symbol.

Emoticons predate emojis and are created as combinations of ASCII punctuation and other characters using the keyboard. Examples are :-), ;-), :-(, :-x, \O/, and Oo. They first occurred on a computer bulletin board system at Carnegie Mellon University (Fahlman, 2021) and then became frequent in chat communications during the mid-1980s. An emoticon typically consists of several Unicode characters (from the ASCII subset) in a row, each of which has an intended use other than as part of an emoticon.

Both emoticons and emojis may be simply transcribed as a sequence of characters. As with any other characters, they may be entered as numeric character entities if this is more convenient. (E.g., ❤ might be transcribed as &#x2764; in any XML document, including a TEI document; see Entry of Characters.)

When the text of a post is being tokenized, e.g. for linguistic analysis, it may be useful to encode the emoticon or emoji as a separate token. In such cases elements such as w or c may be used for tokenization, and the pos attribute may be used to indicate that the encoded string is an emoji or an emoticon. (See 18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories.)

For example, the source post ‘da bin ich nicht so empfindlich ;)’ (English:. ‘I am not so touchy with that ;)’) ends with an emoticon, and might be encoded as follows:

<post>
 <w pos="ADV">da</w>
 <w pos="VAFIN">bin</w>
 <w pos="PPER">ich</w>
 <w pos="PTKNEG">nicht</w>
 <w pos="ADV">so</w>
 <w pos="ADJD">empfindlich</w>
 <w pos="EMOASC">;)</w>
</post>

⚓︎

Similarly, the source post ‘Klar 😁’ (‘Sure 😁’ in English) might be encoded as follows:

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#lscLB.t004" who="#lscLB.A03"
 xml:id="cmc_post21">
 <w pos="ADV">Klar</w>
 <w pos="EMOIMG">😁</w>
</post>

⚓︎

The values of pos in the above examples are from the STTS_IBK Tagset for German (see Beißwenger et al. (2015-09-13)), which includes tags for CMC-specific elements such as EMOASC for an ASCII-based emoticon and EMOIMG for an icon-based emoji.

Alternatively, e.g. when w is not regularly used to encode tokens in the TEI document, c may be used to mark an emoji. For example, the source post ‘Da kostet ein Haarschnitt 50 € 😱’ (from the corpus Beißwenger et al. (eds.) (visited 30 March 2022), in English ‘A haircut there costs 50 € 😱’) might be encoded as follows:

<post xml:lang="de">Da kostet ein Haarschnitt 50 € <c type="emoji" ana="#fsif"
  generatedBy="template">😱</c>
</post>

⚓︎

Sometimes, e.g. when the source of the TEI document was a web page in HTML, the emojis may occur only as an icon graphic in the source. In such a case, they may be encoded using figure. The corresponding Unicode character can then be recorded in the desc element by the encoder if desired.

For example, the source text: ‘... ich überlege noch 🙈’ (English: ‘... I'm still thinking 🙈’) might be encoded as follows:

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#lscLB.t004" who="#lscLB.A03"
 xml:id="cmc_post22"> ... ich überlege noch <figure type="emoji"
  generatedBy="template">
  <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
  <desc type="gloss" xml:lang="en">see no evil monkey</desc>
  <desc type="unicode">U+1F648</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

⚓︎

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TEI: Posts with Graphics⚓︎9.6.2. Posts with Graphics

A post in a CMC interaction may contain a graphic in addition to some text or even contain only a graphic (without any text). As explained in 9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC post, the modality of such a post should be considered as written. To encode the graphic information, the figure element may be used at the appropriate place.

In the following example a private chat post that contained only a screenshot of a google search result for a hairdresser is encoded as a post with a child figure. A link to the graphic file itself is not included presumably because this is a text-only corpus that does not include images.

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t005" who="#A06"
 xml:id="cmc_post23">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc>screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm" with the
     average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and the
     opening hours. </desc>
 </figure>
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

The following is an example of the encoding of a tweet which contains both text (including hashtags and mentions) and a graphic. The graphic element retains the URL of the graphic on the web just as in the source.

<post type="tweet" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t006"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043823300479258624" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 16:24 </time> Bro Tri-Engel...so hab ich mir das
vorgestellt!!! @AndreLo79 #bcrn18 #wikidach @Heiko komm' mal Twitter! #Engel <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnxnwN9XsAEHXw2.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

⚓︎

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TEI: Circulation⚓︎9.6.3. Circulation

The following recommendations on how to encode features of the circulation of posts, such as IDs, re-posts (retweets), hashtags, and mentions use X (Twitter) posts (tweets) as an example; this phenomenon is not in any way unique to X (Twitter), however.

In the following example, the type of post (in this case, a tweet) is recorded using the type attribute of post. If it were useful to record a particular sub-categorization of tweet, the subtype attribute could also be used. Furthermore, the original unique identifer of the tweet as supplied by X (Twitter) is recorded as part of the value of the xml:id attribute of the post.

Also in the following example a retweet and its corresponding retweeted tweet are encoded as two separate posts each with its own set of attributes. The post representing the retweet itself does not contain or duplicate the content of the retweeted tweet. Instead it refers to the ID of the retweeted tweet via a ptr in the post content. All original content of the retweet goes in the content of the post element as well. In addition, the hashtags found in the body of the source tweets have been encoded using ref elements (with a type of hashtag), as they are links like any other hyperlink.

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796550101716993" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t004" xml:lang="de">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043796093786566656"/> Ich mich auch? <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dynamicduo?src=hash">#dynamicduo</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wirk%C3%BCmmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang?src=hash">#wirkümmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u2"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t003" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796093786566656">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 14:35 </time> Immer wieder gerne. Kann ich mich schon für
nächstes Jahr als Empfangs- <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Engel?src=hash">#Engel</ref> für das nächste
BarCamp bewerben <w pos="EMO">🤪</w>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <trailer>
  <fs>
   <f name="favoritecount">
    <numeric value="4"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </trailer>
</post>

⚓︎

Note that in the above example ‘CoMeRe’ style (cf. Thierry et al. (2014)) encoding is used to represent the number of favorites. It would also be reasonable to use a TEI measure element instead of the fs.

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TEI: Linguistic Annotation⚓︎9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

For encoding linguistic analyses of CMC text, we may use the dedicated elements and attributes from the analysis module, which is described in 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. For example, the tokenization (segmentation into word-like units) of a CMC text should be encoded using the w element.

Let us take, for example a posting that contains the content ‘00:22 Bin soooooo im stress gewesen ich Armer lol’ (in English: ‘I was soooooo stressed out poor me lol’). This may be encoded as follows.

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.a" who="#A03.a"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.a">
 <time>00:22</time>
 <w>Bin</w>
 <w>soooooo</w>
 <w>im</w>
 <w>stress</w>
 <w>gewesen</w>
 <w>ich</w>
 <w>Armer</w>
 <w>lol</w>
</post>

⚓︎

In many CMC genres, especially in private chat, informal writing abounds including irregular spellings imitating spoken language, omitted word boundaries, and spurious boundaries leading to tokens separated in parts. For encoding these writing phenomena typical of CMC, the TEI attributes norm and join may be used.

For example, the normalized spelling of an irregularly spelled word may be recorded using the norm attribute (from att.linguistic):

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.b" who="#A03.b"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.b">
 <time> 00:22 </time>
 <w>Bin</w>
 <w norm="so">soooooo</w>
 <w>im</w>
 <w norm="Stress">stress</w>
 <w>gewesen</w>
 <w>ich</w>
 <w>Armer</w>
 <w>lol</w>
</post>

⚓︎

When the boundaries between w elements are generally thought of as denoting word boundaries, we can keep track of boundaries not present in the source by using the join attribute, also from att.linguistic. For example, for an original post that has nothing more than the token ‘Inmyoffice’, the following encoding demonstrates an interpretation that the single token represents the three words ‘In my office’:

<post>
 <w>In</w>
 <w join="left">my</w>
 <w join="left">office</w>
</post>

⚓︎

Alternatively, and especially when the normalization information pertains to more than one token, we can apply the notation using the elements reg and orig, related by a choice element as described in 3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization.

<post>
 <choice>
  <orig>
   <w pos="VAPPER" lemma="">hastes</w>
  </orig>
  <reg>
   <w pos="VAFIN" lemma="haben">hast</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="du">du</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="es">es</w>
  </reg>
 </choice>
</post>

⚓︎

Other analysis attributes like lemma and pos (for part of speech) may be used as with traditional text. It is a matter of the tagset used to cater for POS categories that are appropriate for CMC. In the example below, for instance, the tag AKW stands for Aktionswort (action word, see Beißwenger et al. (2015-09-13)).

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.c" who="#A03.c"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.c">
 <time> 00:22 </time>
 <w lemma="sein" pos="VAFIN" xml:id="m16.t9">Bin</w>
 <w lemma="so" norm="so" pos="PTKIFG"
  xml:id="m16.t10">soooooo</w>
 <w lemma="in" pos="APPRART"
  xml:id="m16.t11">im</w>
 <w lemma="Stress" norm="Stress" pos="NN"
  xml:id="m16.t12">stress</w>
 <w lemma="sein" pos="VAPP" xml:id="m16.t13">gewesen</w>
 <w lemma="ich" pos="PPER" xml:id="m16.t14">ich</w>
 <w lemma="Armer" pos="NN" xml:id="m16.t15">Armer</w>
 <w lemma="lol" pos="AKW" xml:id="m16.t16">lol</w>
</post>

⚓︎

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TEI: Named Entities and Anonymization⚓︎9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

Named entities (NEs) may be marked up using name or the elements encoding different subcategories of names as described in 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places such as surname or geogName, or rs for a general referencing string. In the following chat example (adapted from Storrer and Beißwenger (eds.) (2017)), nicknames are linked to a person entry as shown in section 9.5.4. Participants via the ref attribute.

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black" synch="#f2213001.t007"
 type="standard" who="#f2213001.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001.A04" type="NICK">
  <w lemma="Konstanze" pos="NE"
   xml:id="f2213001.m27.t1">Konstanze</w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
 <name ref="#f2213001.A03" type="NICK">
  <w lemma="Nasenloch" pos="NN">nasenloch</w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="die" pos="ART">den</w>
 <w lemma="Wunsch" pos="NN">wunsch</w>
 <w lemma="zu" pos="PTKZU">zu</w>
 <w lemma="erfüllen" pos="VVINF">erfüllen</w>
<!-- ... -->
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the following version of the same chat snippet, the text strings with the nicknames have been replaced by category label strings for the purpose of anonymization.

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001a.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001a.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001a.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001a.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_FEMALE-PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A03" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NN">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="die" pos="ART">den</w>
 <w lemma="Wunsch" pos="NN">wunsch</w>
 <w lemma="zu" pos="PTKZU">zu</w>
 <w lemma="erfüllen" pos="VVINF">erfüllen</w>
<!-- ... -->
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the preceding example, pairs of a gap and a supplied element encode the fact that some substring has been removed and replaced with another string for anonymization purposes. Note that in this example, the name and the w elements and their attributes also provide some categorical information about what has been removed. Using gap and supplied to record the anonymization is especially recommendable when the original name or referencing string has been ‘pseudonymized’, i.e. replaced by a different referencing string of the same ontological category (such as replacing the female name Konstanze by the female name Kornelia.). In that case, the markup would be the only place where it can be seen that a pseudonymization has been carried out, as in the following version of the example.

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001p.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001p.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001p.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001p.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001p.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="pseudonymization"
    unit="token" quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="pseudonymization">Kornelia</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
<!-- the rest of the post -->
</post>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: The TEI CMC Module⚓︎9.7. The TEI CMC Module

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module cmc: Computer-mediated communication

Elements defined: post

Macros defined: macro.specialPara.cmc

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

10. Dictionaries

Table of contents

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries

10.3. Top-level Constituents of Entries

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

10.5. Typographic and Lexical Information in Dictionary Data

10.6. Unstructured Entries

10.7. The Dictionary Module

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This chapter defines a module for encoding lexical resources of all kinds, in particular human-oriented monolingual and multilingual dictionaries, glossaries, and similar documents. The elements described here may also be useful in the encoding of computational lexica and similar resources intended for use by language-processing software; they may also be used to provide a rich encoding for wordlists, lexica, glossaries, etc. included within other documents. Dictionaries are most familiar in their printed form; however, increasing numbers of dictionaries exist also in electronic forms which are independent of any particular printed form, but from which various displays can be produced.

Both typographically and structurally, print dictionaries are extremely complex. Such lexical resources are moreover of interest to many communities with different and sometimes conflicting goals. As a result, many general problems of text encoding are particularly pronounced here, and more compromises and alternatives within the encoding scheme may be required in the future.³⁸ Two problems are particularly prominent.

First, because the structure of dictionary entries varies widely both among and within dictionaries, the simplest way for an encoding scheme to accommodate the entire range of structures actually encountered is to allow virtually any element to appear virtually anywhere in a dictionary entry. It is clear, however, that strong and consistent structural principles do govern the vast majority of conventional dictionaries, as well as many or most entries even in more ‘exotic’ dictionaries; encoding guidelines should include these structural principles. We therefore define two distinct elements for dictionary entries, one (entry) which captures the regularities of many conventional dictionary entries, and a second (entryFree) which uses the same elements, but allows them to combine much more freely. It is however recommended that entry be used in preference to entryFree wherever possible. These elements and their contents are described in sections 10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries, 10.6. Unstructured Entries, and 10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References.

Second, since so much of the information in printed dictionaries is implicit or highly compressed, their encoding requires clear thought about whether it is to capture the precise typographic form of the source text or the underlying structure of the information it presents. Since both of these views of the dictionary may be of interest, it proves necessary to develop methods of recording both, and of recording the interrelationship between them as well. Users interested mainly in the printed format of the dictionary will require an encoding to be faithful to an original printed version. However, other users will be interested primarily in capturing the lexical information in a dictionary in a form suitable for further processing, which may demand the expansion or rearrangement of the information contained in the printed form. Further, some users wish to encode both of these views of the data, and retain the links between related elements of the two encodings. Problems of recording these two different views of dictionary data are discussed in section 10.5. Typographic and Lexical Information in Dictionary Data, together with mechanisms for retaining both views when this is desired.

To deal with this complexity, and in particular to account for the wide variety of linguistic contexts within which a dictionary may be designed, it can be necessary to customize or change the schema by providing more restriction or possibly alternate content models for the elements defined in this chapter. Section 10.3.2. Grammatical Information illustrates this with the provision of a closed set of values for grammatical descriptors.

This chapter contains a large number of examples taken from existing print dictionaries; in each case, the original source is identified. In presenting such examples, we have tried to retain the original typographic appearance of the example as well as presenting a suggested encoding for it. Where this has not been possible (for example in the display of pronunciation) we have adopted the transliteration found in the electronic edition of the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Also, the middle dot in quoted entries is rendered with a full stop, while within the sample transcriptions hyphenation and syllabification points are indicated by a vertical bar |, regardless of their appearance in the source text.

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TEI: Dictionary Body and Overall Structure⚓︎10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

Overall, dictionaries have the same structure of front matter, body, and back matter familiar from other texts. In addition, this module defines entry, and entryFree, as component-level elements which can occur directly within a text division or the text body.

The following tags can therefore be used to mark the gross structure of a printed dictionary; the dictionary-specific tags are discussed further in the following section.

text (text) contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, for example a poem or drama, a collection of essays, a novel, a dictionary, or a corpus sample.

front (front matter) contains any prefatory matter (headers, abstracts, title page, prefaces, dedications, etc.) found at the start of a document, before the main body.

body (text body) contains the whole body of a single unitary text, excluding any front or back matter.

back (back matter) contains any appendixes, etc. following the main part of a text.

div (text division) contains a subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.

entry (entry) contains a single structured entry in any kind of lexical resource, such as a dictionary or lexicon.

entryFree (unstructured entry) contains a single unstructured entry in any kind of lexical resource, such as a dictionary or lexicon.

As members of the classes att.entryLike and att.sortable, entry and entryFree share the following attributes:

att.entryLike provides attributes used to distinguish different styles of dictionary entries.

type
indicates type of entry, in dictionaries with multiple types. Suggested values include: 1] main; 2] hom (homograph); 3] xref (cross reference); 4] affix; 5] abbr (abbreviation); 6] supplemental; 7] foreign

att.sortable provides attributes for elements in lists or groups that are sortable, but whose sorting key cannot be derived mechanically from the element content.

sortKey
supplies the sort key for this element in an index, list or group which contains it.

The front and back matter of a dictionary may well contain specialized material such as lists of common and proper nouns, grammatical tables, gazetteers, a ‘guide to the use of the dictionary’, etc. These should be tagged using elements defined elsewhere in these Guidelines, chiefly in the core module (chapter 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents) together with the specialized dictionary elements defined in this chapter.

The body element consists of a set of entries, optionally grouped into one or several div elements. These text divisions might, for example, correspond to sections for different letters of the alphabet, or to sections for different languages in a bilingual dictionary, as in the following example:

<body>
 <div>
  <head>English-French</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>dog</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>horse</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>French-English</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chien</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cheval</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
</body>

⚓︎

In a print dictionary, the entries are typically typographically distinct entities, each headed by some morphological form of the lexical item described (the headword), and sorted in alphabetical order or (especially for non-alphabetic scripts) in some other conventional sequence. Dictionary entries should be encoded as distinct successive items, each marked as an entry or entryFree element. The type attribute may be used to distinguish different types of entries, for example main entries, related entries, run-on entries, or entries for cross-references, etc.

Some dictionaries provide distinct entries for homographs, on the basis of etymology, part-of-speech, or both, and typically provide a numeric superscript on the headword identifying the homograph number. In these cases each homograph should be encoded as a separate entry; an outer entry element, perhaps with a type attribute, may be used to group such successive homograph entries. In addition to a series of entry elements, the entry may contain a preliminary form group (see section 10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms) when information about hyphenation, pronunciation, etc., is given only once for two or more homograph entries. If the homograph number is to be recorded, the global attribute n may be used for this purpose. In some dictionaries, homographs are treated in distinct parts of the same entry; in these cases, they may be separated by use of the hom element, for which see section 10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels.

A sort key, given in the sortKey attribute, is often required for superentries and entries, especially in cases where the order of entries does not follow the local character-set collating sequence (as, for example, when an entry for ‘3D’ appears at the place where ‘three-D’ would appear).

A dictionary with no internal divisions might thus have a structure like the following; an outer entry element with a type attribute value of homograph is shown grouping two homograph entries.

<body>
 <entry>
  <form>
   <orth>manifestation</orth>
<!-- demonstration -->
  </form>
 </entry>
 <entry>
  <form>
   <orth>émeute</orth>
<!-- riot -->
  </form>
 </entry>
 <entry type="homograph">
  <entry n="1">
   <form>
    <orth>grève</orth>
<!-- strike -->
   </form>
  </entry>
  <entry n="2">
   <form>
    <orth>grève</orth>
<!-- shore -->
   </form>
  </entry>
 </entry>
</body>

⚓︎

The following example demonstrates a possible encoding of a traditional root-based dictionary, which starts with the root as the main headword followed by full-fledged lexicographic entries of derived headwords.

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: The Structure of Dictionary Entries⚓︎10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries

A simple dictionary entry may contain information about the form of the word treated, its grammatical characterization, its definition, synonyms, or translation equivalents, its etymology, cross-references to other entries, usage information, and examples. These we refer to as the constituent parts or constituents of the entry; some dictionary constituents possess no internal structure, while others are most naturally viewed as groups of smaller elements, which may be marked in their own right. In some styles of markup, tags will be applied only to the low-level items, leaving the constituent groups which contain them untagged. We distinguish the class of top-level constituents of dictionary entries, which can occur directly within the entry element, from the class of phrase-level constituents, which can normally occur only within top-level constituents. The top-level constituents of dictionary entries are described in section 10.2.2. Groups and Constituents, and documented more fully, together with their phrase-level sub-constituents, in section 10.3. Top-level Constituents of Entries.

In addition, however, dictionary entries often have a complex hierarchical structure. For example, an entry may consist of two or more sub-parts, each corresponding to information for a different part-of-speech homograph of the headword. The entry (or part-of-speech homographs, if the entry is split this way) may also consist of senses, each of which may in turn be composed of two or more sub-senses, etc. Each sub-part, homograph entry, sense, or sub-sense we call a level; at any level in an entry, any or all of the constituent parts of dictionary entries may appear. The hierarchical levels of dictionary entries are documented in section 10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels.

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TEI: Hierarchical Levels⚓︎10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels

The outermost structural level of an entry is marked with the elements entry or entryFree. The hom element marks the subdivision of entries into homographs differing in their part-of-speech. The sense element marks the subdivision of entries and part-of-speech homographs into senses; this element nests recursively in order to provide for a hierarchy of sub-senses of any depth. It is recommended to use the sense element even for an entry that has only one sense to group together all parts of the definition relating to the word sense since this leads to more consistent encoding across entries. All of these levels may each contain any of the constituent parts of an entry. A special case of hierarchical structure is represented by the re (related entry) element, which is discussed in section 10.3.6. Related Entries. Finally, the element dictScrap may be used at any point in the hierarchy to delimit parts of the dictionary entry which are structurally anomalous, as further discussed in section 10.6. Unstructured Entries.

entry (entry) contains a single structured entry in any kind of lexical resource, such as a dictionary or lexicon.

entryFree (unstructured entry) contains a single unstructured entry in any kind of lexical resource, such as a dictionary or lexicon.

hom (homograph) groups information relating to one homograph within an entry.

sense groups together all information relating to one word sense in a dictionary entry, for example definitions, examples, and translation equivalents.

level
gives the nesting depth of this sense.

dictScrap (dictionary scrap) encloses a part of a dictionary entry in which other phrase-level dictionary elements are freely combined.

For example, an entry with two senses will have the following structure:

<entry>
 <sense n="1"/>
 <sense n="2"/>
</entry>

bibliography ⚓︎

An entry with two homographs, the first with two senses and the second with three (one of which has two sub-senses), may have a structure like this:

<entry>
 <hom n="1">
  <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom n="2">
  <sense n="1">
   <sense n="a">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
   <sense n="b">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="3">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

bibliography ⚓︎

In some dictionaries, homographs have separate entries; in such a case, as noted in section 10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure, the two homographs may be treated as entries, optionally grouped in an outer entry element:

<entry>
 <entry n="1" type="hom">
  <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2" type="hom">
  <sense n="1">
   <sense n="a">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
   <sense n="b">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="3">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

bibliography ⚓︎

The hierarchic structure of a dictionary entry is enforced by the structures defined in this module. The content model for entry specifies that entries do not nest, that homographs nest within entries, and that senses nest within entries, homographs, or senses, and may be nested to any depth to reflect the embedding of sub-senses. Any of the top-level constituents (def, usg, form, etc.) can appear at any level (i.e., within entries, homographs, or senses).

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TEI: Groups and Constituents⚓︎10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

As noted above, dictionary entries, and subordinate levels within dictionary entries, may comprise several constituent parts, each providing a different type of information about the word treated. The top-level constituents of dictionary entries are:

information about the form of the word treated (orthography, pronunciation, hyphenation, etc.)

grammatical information (part of speech, grammatical sub-categorization, etc.)

definitions or translations into another language

etymology

examples

usage information

cross-references to other entries

notes

entries (often of reduced form) for related words, typically called related entries

Any of the hierarchical levels (entry, entryFree, hom, and sense) may contain any of these top-level constituents, since information about word form, particular grammatical information, special pronunciation, usage information, etc., may apply to an entire entry, or to only one homograph, or only to a particular sense. The examples below illustrate this point.

The following elements are used to encode these top-level constituents:

form (form information group) groups all the information on the written and spoken forms of one headword.

gramGrp (grammatical information group) groups morpho-syntactic information about a lexical item, e.g. pos, gen, number, case, or iType (inflectional class).

def (definition) contains definition text in a dictionary entry.

cit (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example.

usg (usage) contains usage information in a dictionary entry.

xr (cross-reference phrase) contains a phrase, sentence, or icon referring the reader to some other location in this or another text.

etym (etymology) encloses the etymological information in a dictionary entry.

re (related entry) contains a dictionary entry for a lexical item related to the headword, such as a compound phrase or derived form, embedded inside a larger entry.

note (note) contains a note or annotation.

In a simple entry with no internal hierarchy, all top-level constituents can appear as children of entry.

com.peti.tor /k@m"petit@(r)/ n person who competes. OALD

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

⚓︎

For the elements which appear within the form and gramGrp elements of this and other examples, see below, section 10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms, and section 10.3.2. Grammatical Information.

Any top-level constituent can appear at any level when the hierarchical structure of the entry is more complex. The most obvious examples are def and cit, which appear at the sense level when several senses or translations exist:

disproof (dɪsˈpru:f) n 1 facts that disprove something 2 the act of disproving. CED

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">dɪsˈpru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

⚓︎

For ease of processing of such entries containing multiple senses along with those containing only a single sense, it is recommended to use sense in all entries to wrap those elements relating to a particular word sense.

In the following example, gramGrp is used to distinguish two homographs:

bray /breI/ n cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet. ∙ vt [VP2A] make a cry or sound of this kind. OALD

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

⚓︎

Information of the same kind can appear at different levels within the same entry; here, grammatical information occurs both at entry and homograph level.

ca.reen /k@"ri:n/ vt,vi 1 [VP6A] turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc. 2 [VP6A, 2A] (cause to) tilt, lean over to one side. OALD

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

⚓︎

Alone among the constituent groups, form can appear at the entry, hom, and sense levels:

a.ban.don 1/@"band@n/ v [T1] 1 to leave completely and for ever; desert: The sailors abandoned the burning ship. 2 …abandon 2 n [U] the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from control...LDOCE

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

⚓︎

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TEI: Top-level Constituents of Entries⚓︎10.3. Top-level Constituents of Entries

This section describes the top-level constituents of dictionary entries, together with the phrase-level constituents peculiar to each.

the form element, which groups orthographic information and pronunciations, is described in section 10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

the gramGrp element, which groups elements for the grammatical characterization of the headword, is described in section 10.3.2. Grammatical Information

the def element, which describes the meaning of the headword, is described in section 10.3.3. Sense Information

the etym element and its special phrase-level elements are documented in section 10.3.4. Etymological Information

the cit element and its specific applications are described in section 10.3.3. Sense Information and section 10.3.5. Other Information

the usg, lbl, xr, and note elements are described in section 10.3.5. Other Information

the re element, which marks nested entries for related words, is described in section 10.3.6. Related Entries

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TEI: Information on Written and Spoken Forms⚓︎10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

Dictionary entries most often begin with information about the form of the word to which the entry applies. Typically, the orthographic form of the word, sometimes marked for syllabification or hyphenation, is the first item in an entry. Other information about the word, including variant or alternate forms, inflected forms, pronunciation, etc., is also often given.

The following elements should be used to encode this information: the form element groups one or more occurrences of any of them; it can also be recursively nested to reflect more complex sub-grouping of information about word form(s), as shown in the examples.

form (form information group) groups all the information on the written and spoken forms of one headword.

type
classifies form as simple, compound, etc. Suggested values include: 1] simple; 2] lemma; 3] variant; 4] compound; 5] derivative; 6] inflected; 7] phrase

orth (orthographic form) gives the orthographic form of a dictionary headword.

type | gives the type of spelling.
extent [att.partials] | indicates whether the pronunciation or orthography applies to all or part of a word. Suggested values include: 1] full (full form); 2] pref (prefix); 3] suff (suffix); 4] inf (infix); 5] part (partial)

pron (pronunciation) contains the pronunciation(s) of the word.

extent [att.partials]
indicates whether the pronunciation or orthography applies to all or part of a word. Suggested values include: 1] full (full form); 2] pref (prefix); 3] suff (suffix); 4] inf (infix); 5] part (partial)

hyph (hyphenation) contains a hyphenated form of a dictionary headword, or hyphenation information in some other form.

syll (syllabification) contains the syllabification of the headword.

stress (stress) contains the stress pattern for a dictionary headword, if given separately.

lbl (label) contains a label for a form, example, translation, or other piece of information, e.g. abbreviation for, contraction of, literally, approximately, synonyms:, etc.

In addition to those listed above, the following elements, which encode morphological details of the form, may also occur within form elements:

gram (grammatical information) within an entry in a dictionary or a terminological data file, contains grammatical information relating to a term, word, or form.

type
classifies grammatical information provided by gram according to some convenient and shared typology, ideally one defined in an external reference taxonomy, such as the CLARIN Concept Registry. Sample values include: 1] pos (part of speech); 2] gen (gender); 3] num (number); 4] animate; 5] proper

gen (gender) identifies the morphological gender of a lexical item, as given in the dictionary.

number (number) indicates grammatical number associated with a form, as given in a dictionary.

case (case) contains grammatical case information given by a dictionary for a given form.

per (person) contains an indication of the grammatical person (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) associated with a given inflected form in a dictionary.

tns (tense) indicates the grammatical tense associated with a given inflected form in a dictionary.

mood (mood) contains information about the grammatical mood of verbs (e.g. indicative, subjunctive, imperative).

iType (inflectional class) indicates the inflectional class associated with a lexical item.

type
indicates the type of indicator used to specify the inflection class, when it is necessary to distinguish between the usual abbreviated indications (e.g. inv) and other kinds of indicators, such as special codes referring to conjugation patterns, etc. Sample values include: 1] abbrev; 2] verbTable

pos (part of speech) indicates the part of speech assigned to a dictionary headword such as noun, verb, or adjective.

subc (subcategorization) contains subcategorization information (transitive/intransitive, countable/non-countable, etc.)

colloc (collocate) contains any sequence of words that co-occur with the headword with significant frequency.

Of these, the gram element is most general, and all of the others are synonymous with a gram element with appropriate values (gen, number, case, etc.) for the type attribute.

The use of these elements as children of form is deprecated; instead, they should always be children of a gramGrp within form when describing that particular form of the word.

Different dictionaries use different means to mark hyphenation, syllabification, and stress, and they often use some unusual glyphs (e.g., the ‘middle dot’ for hyphenation). All of these glyphs are in the Unicode character set, as discussed in Character References. When transcribing representations of pronunciation the International Phonetic Alphabet should be used. It may be convenient (as has been done in the text of this chapter) to use a simple transliteration scheme for this; such a scheme should however be properly documented in the header.

In the simplest case, nothing is given but the orthography:

<form>
 <orth>doom-laden</orth>
</form>

⚓︎

Often, however, pronunciation is given.

soucoupe [sukup] … DNT

<form>
 <orth>soucoupe</orth>
 <pron>sukup</pron>
</form>

⚓︎

For a variety of reasons including ease of processing, it may be desired to split into separate elements information which is collapsed into a single element in the source text; orthography and hyphenation may for example be transcribed as separate elements, although given together in the source text. For a discussion of the issues involved, and of methods for retaining both the presentation form and the interpreted form, see section 10.5. Typographic and Lexical Information in Dictionary Data.

This example splits orthography and hyphenation, and adds syllabification because it differs from hyphenation:

ar.ea … W7

<form>
 <orth>area</orth>
 <hyph>ar|ea</hyph>
 <syll>ar|e|a</syll>
</form>

⚓︎

Multiple orthographic forms may be given, e.g. to illustrate a word's inflectional pattern:

brag … vb brags, bragging, bragged … CED

<form>
 <orth>brag</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>vb</pos>
</gramGrp>
<form type="inflected">
 <orth>brags</orth>
 <orth>bragging</orth>
 <orth>bragged</orth>
</form>

⚓︎

Or the inflectional pattern may be indicated by reference to a table of paradigms, as here:

horrifier [ORifje] (7) vt … [C/R]

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <gramGrp>
  <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
<!-- ... -->
 </gramGrp>
</form>
<!-- ... -->

⚓︎

Explanatory labels may be attached to alternate forms:

MTBF abbreviation for mean time between failures CED

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>MTBF</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abbreviation for</lbl>
  <orth>mean time between failures</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

⚓︎

When multiple orthographic forms are given, a pronunciation may be associated with all of them, as here:

biryani or biriani (ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ) … CED

<form>
 <orth>biryani</orth>
 <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ</pron>
</form>

⚓︎

In other cases, different pronunciations are provided for different orthographic forms; here, the form element is repeated to associate the first orthographic form explicitly with the first pronunciation, and the second orthographic form with the second pronunciation:

mackle (ˈmækᵊl) or macule (ˈmækju:l) … CED

<form>
 <orth>mackle</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈmækᵊl</pron>
</form>
<form>
 <orth>macule</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈmækju:l</pron>
</form>

⚓︎

Recursive nesting of the form element can preserve relations among elements that are implicit in the text. For example, in the CED entry for ‘hospitaller’, it is clear that ‘U.S.’ is associated only with ‘hospitaler’, but that the pronunciation applies to both forms. The following encoding preserves these relations:

hospitaller or US hospitaler (ˈhɒspɪtələ) … CED

<form>
 <orth>hospitaller</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">US</usg>
  <orth>hospitaler</orth>
 </form>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈhɒspɪtələ</pron>
</form>

⚓︎

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TEI: Grammatical Information⚓︎10.3.2. Grammatical Information

The gramGrp element groups grammatical information, such as part of speech, subcategorization information (e.g., syntactic patterns for verbs, count/mass distinctions for nouns), etc. It can contain any of the morphological elements defined in section 10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms for form and can appear as a child of entry, form, sense, cit, or any other element containing content about which there is grammatical information. For example, in the entry ‘pinna (ˈpɪnə) n, pl -nae (-ni:) or -nas CED’, the word defined can be either singular or plural; the ‘pl.’ specification applies only to the inflected forms provided. Compare this with ‘pants (paents) pl. n.’, where ‘pl.’ applies to the headword itself.

As noted above in section 10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms, the elements for morphological information are simply shorthand for the general purpose gram element. Consider this entry for the French word médire:

médire v.t. ind. (de) … PLC

This entry can be tagged using specialized grammatical elements:

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>v</pos>
 <subc>t ind</subc>
 <colloc>de</colloc>
</gramGrp>

⚓︎

Or using the gram element:

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <gram type="pos">v</gram>
 <gram type="subc">t ind</gram>
 <gram type="collocPrep">de</gram>
</gramGrp>

⚓︎

Like form, gramGrp can be repeated, recursively nested, or used at the sense level to show relations among elements.

isotope adj. et n. m. … DNT

<form>
 <orth>isotope</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>adj</pos>
</gramGrp>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>n</pos>
 <gen>m</gen>
</gramGrp>

⚓︎

wits (wɪts) pl n 1 (sometimes singular) the ability to reason and act, esp quickly … CED

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">wɪts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <number>sometimes singular</number>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the ability to reason and act, esp quickly …</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

⚓︎

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TEI: Sense Information⚓︎10.3.3. Sense Information

Dictionaries may describe the meanings of words in a wide variety of different ways—by means of synonyms, paraphrases, translations into other languages, formal definitions in various highly stylized forms, etc. No attempt is made here to distinguish all the different forms which sense information may take; all of them may be tagged using the def element described in section 10.3.3.1. Definitions.

As a special case it is frequently desirable to distinguish the provision of translation equivalents in other languages from other forms of sense information; the use of <cit type="translation"> (which groups a translation equivalent with related information such as its grammatical description) for this purpose is described in section 10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents.

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TEI: Definitions⚓︎10.3.3.1. Definitions

Dictionary definitions are those pieces of prose in a dictionary entry that describe the meaning of some lexical item. Most often, definitions describe the headword of the entry; in some cases, they describe translated texts, examples, etc.; see <cit type="translation">, section 10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents, and <cit type="example">, section 10.3.5.1. Examples. The def element directly contains the text of the definition; unlike form and gramGrp, it does not serve solely to group a set of smaller elements. The close analysis of definition text, such as the tagging of hypernyms, typical objects, etc., is not covered by these Guidelines.

Definitions may occur directly within an entry; when multiple definitions are given, they are typically identified as belonging to distinct senses, as here:

demigod (…) n. 1.a. a being who is part mortal, part god. b. a lesser deity. 2. a godlike person. CP

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <pron> … </pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <sense n="a">
   <def>a being who is part mortal, part god.</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="b">
   <def>a lesser deity.</def>
  </sense>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>a godlike person.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

⚓︎

In multilingual dictionaries, it is sometimes possible to distinguish translation equivalents from definitions proper; here a def element is distinguished from the translation information within which it appears.

rémoulade [Remulad] nf remoulade, rémoulade (dressing containing mustard and herbs). CR

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

⚓︎

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TEI: Translation Equivalents⚓︎10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

Multilingual dictionaries contain information about translations of a given word in some source language for one or more target languages. Minimally, the dictionary provides the corresponding translation in the target language; other material, such as morphological information (gender, case), various kinds of usage restrictions, etc., may also be given. If translation equivalents are to be distinguished from other kinds of sense information, they may be encoded using <cit type="translation">. The global xml:lang attribute should be used to specify the target language.

As in monolingual dictionaries, the sense element is used in multilingual dictionaries to group information (forms, grammatical information, usage, translation(s), etc.) about a given sense of a word where necessary. Information about the individual translation equivalents within a sense is grouped using <cit type="translation">. This information may include the translation text (tagged q or quote), morphological information (gen, case, etc.), usage notes (usg), translation labels (lbl), and definitions (def).When bibliographic data is provided, the quote element should be used.

cit (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example.

lbl (label) contains a label for a form, example, translation, or other piece of information, e.g. abbreviation for, contraction of, literally, approximately, synonyms:, etc.

Note how in the following example, different translation equivalents are grouped into the same or different senses, following the punctuation of the source and the usage labels:

dresser … (a) (Theat) habilleur m, -euse f; (Comm: window ~) étalagiste mf. she's a stylish ~ elle s'habille avec chic; V hair. (b) (tool) (for wood) raboteuse f; (for stone) rabotin m. CR

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

⚓︎

In the following example, a distinction is made between the translation equivalent (‘OAS’) and a descriptive phrase providing further information for the user of the dictionary.

O.A.S. ... nf (abrév de Organisation de l'Armée secrète) OAS (illegal military organization supporting French rule of Algeria). CR

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>OAS</quote>
  <def>illegal military organization supporting French rule of
     Algeria</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

⚓︎

Note that <cit type="translation"> may also be used in monolingual dictionaries when a translation is given for a foreign word:

havdalah or havdoloh Hebrew (havdaˈla; Yiddish havˈdɔlə) n Judaism the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival, including the blessings over wine, candles and spices [literally: separation] CED

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

⚓︎

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TEI: Etymological Information⚓︎10.3.4. Etymological Information

The element etym marks a block of etymological information. Etymologies may contain highly structured lists of words in an order indicating their descent from each other, but often also include related words and forms outside the direct line of descent, for comparison. Not infrequently, etymologies include commentary of various sorts, and can grow into short (or long!) essays with prose-like structure. This variation in structure makes it impracticable to define tags which capture the entire intellectual structure of the etymology or record the precise interrelation of all the words mentioned. It is, however, feasible to mark some of the more obvious phrase-level elements frequently found in etymologies, using tags defined in the core module or elsewhere in this chapter. Of particular relevance for the markup of etymologies are:

etym (etymology) encloses the etymological information in a dictionary entry.

lang (language name) contains the name of a language mentioned in etymological or other linguistic discussion.

date (date) contains a date in any format.

mentioned marks words or phrases mentioned, not used.

gloss (gloss) identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase.

pron (pronunciation) contains the pronunciation(s) of the word.

usg (usage) contains usage information in a dictionary entry.

lbl (label) contains a label for a form, example, translation, or other piece of information, e.g. abbreviation for, contraction of, literally, approximately, synonyms:, etc.

As in other prose, individual word forms mentioned in an etymological description are tagged with mentioned elements. Pronunciations, usage labels, and glosses can be tagged using the pron, usg, and gloss elements defined elsewhere in these Guidelines. In addition, the lang element may be used to identify a particular language name where it appears, in addition to using the xml:lang attribute of the mentioned element.

Examples:

abismo m. (del gr. a priv. y byssos, fondo). Sima, gran profundidad. …

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abismo</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>del <lang>gr.</lang>
  <mentioned>a</mentioned> priv. y <mentioned>byssos</mentioned>,
 <gloss>fondo</gloss>
 </etym>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

⚓︎

neume \'n(y)üm\ n [F, fr. ML pneuma, neuma, fr. Gk pneuma breath — more at pneumatic]: any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant … [WNC]

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <etym>
  <lang>F</lang> fr. <lang>ML</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <mentioned>neuma</mentioned> fr. <lang>Gk</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <gloss>breath</gloss>
  <xr type="etym">more at <ptr target="#pneumatic"/>
  </xr>
 </etym>
 <sense>
  <def>any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant
<!-- ... -->
  </def>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="pneumatic">
 <etym>
<!-- ... -->
 </etym>
</entry>

⚓︎

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TEI: Other Information⚓︎10.3.5. Other Information

TEI: Examples⚓︎10.3.5.1. Examples

Dictionaries typically include examples of word use, usually accompanying definitions or translations. In some cases, the examples are quotations from another source, and are occasionally followed by a citation to the author.

The <cit type="example"> element contains usage examples and associated information; the example text itself should be enclosed in a q or quote element. The cit element associates a quotation with a bibliographic reference to its source.

q (quoted) contains material which is distinguished from the surrounding text using quotation marks or a similar method, for any one of a variety of reasons including, but not limited to: direct speech or thought, technical terms or jargon, authorial distance, quotations from elsewhere, and passages that are mentioned but not used.

quote (quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text.

cit (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example.

Examples frequently abbreviate the headword, and so their transcription will frequently make use of the oRef element described below in section 10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References.

Examples:

multiplex /…/ adj tech having many parts: the multiplex eye of the fly. LDOCE

<quote>the multiplex eye of the fly.</quote>

⚓︎

Or when one wants a more comprehensive representation of examples:

<cit type="example">
 <quote>the multiplex eye of the fly.</quote>
</cit>

⚓︎

As the following example shows, cit can also contain elements such as pron, def, etc.

some … 4. (S~ and any are used with more): Give me ~ more/s@'mO:(r)/ OALD

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="colloc">
  <oRef type="cap"/> and <mentioned>any</mentioned> are used with
 <mentioned>more</mentioned>
 </usg>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>Give me <oRef/> more</quote>
  <pron extent="part">s@'mO:(r)</pron>
 </cit>
</sense>

⚓︎

In multilingual dictionaries, examples may also be accompanied by translations:

horrifier … vt to horrify. elle était horrifiée par la dépense she was horrified at the expense. CR

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>to horrify</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

⚓︎

When a source is indicated, the example should be marked with a bibl element:

valeur … n. f. … 2. Vx. Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat). ‘La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années’ (Corneille). … DNT

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

⚓︎

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TEI: Usage Information and Other Labels⚓︎10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

Most dictionaries provide restrictive labels and phrases indicating the usage of given words or particular senses. Other phrases, not necessarily related to usage, may also be attached to forms, translations, cross-references, and examples. The following elements are provided to mark up such labels:

usg (usage) contains usage information in a dictionary entry.

lbl (label) contains a label for a form, example, translation, or other piece of information, e.g. abbreviation for, contraction of, literally, approximately, synonyms:, etc.

As indicated in the following section (10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries), the lbl element may be used for any kind of significative phrase or label within the text. The usg element is a specialization of this to mark usage labels in particular. Usage labels typically indicate

temporal use (archaic, obsolete, etc.)

register (slang, formal, taboo, ironic, facetious, etc.)

style (literal, figurative, etc.)

connotative effect (e.g. derogatory, offensive)

subject field (Astronomy, Philosophy, etc.)

national or regional use (Australian, U.S., Midland dialect, etc.)

Many dictionaries provide an explanation and/or a list of such usage labels in a preface or appendix. The type of the usage information may be indicated in the type attribute on the usg element. Some typical values are:

geo

geographic area

time

temporal, historical era (‘archaic’, ‘old’, etc.)

dom

domain

reg

register

style

style (figurative, literal, etc.)

plev

preference level (‘chiefly’, ‘usually’, etc.)

acc

acceptability

lang

language for foreign words, spellings pronunciations, etc.

gram

grammatical usage

In addition to this kind of information, multilingual dictionaries often provide ‘semantic cues’ to help the user determine the right sense of a word in the source language (and hence the correct translation). These include synonyms, concept subdivisions, typical subjects and objects, typical verb complements, etc. These labels may also be marked with the usg element; sample values for the type attribute in these cases include:

syn

synonym given to show use

hyper

hypernym given to show usage

colloc

collocation given to show usage

comp

typical complement

obj

typical object

subj

typical subject

verb

typical verb

hint

unclassifiable piece of information to guide sense choice

In this entry, one spelling is marked as geographically restricted:

colour or US color … CED

<form>
 <orth>colour</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">US</usg>
  <orth>color</orth>
 </form>
</form>

⚓︎

In the next example, usage labels are used to indicate domains, register, and synonyms associated with different senses:

palette [palEt] nf (a) (Peinture: lit, fig) palette. (b) (Boucherie) shoulder. (c) (aube de roue) paddle; (battoir à linge) beetle; (Manutention, Constr) pallet. CR

<sense n="a">
 <usg type="dom">Peinture</usg>
 <usg type="style">lit</usg>
 <usg type="style">fig</usg>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>palette</quote>
 </cit>
</sense>
<sense n="b">
 <usg type="dom">Boucherie</usg>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>shoulder</quote>
 </cit>
</sense>
<sense n="c">
 <sense>
  <usg type="syn">aube de roue</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>paddle</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
 <sense>
  <usg type="syn">battoir à linge</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>beetle</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Manutention</usg>
  <usg type="dom">Constr</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>pallet</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
</sense>

⚓︎

When the usage label is hard to classify, it may be described as a ‘hint’:

rempaillage […] nm reseating, rebottoming (with straw). CR

<entry>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>reseating</quote>
  <quote>rebottoming</quote>
  <usg type="hint">with straw</usg>
 </cit>
</entry>

⚓︎

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TEI: Cross-References to Other Entries⚓︎10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

Dictionary entries frequently refer to information in other entries, often using extremely dense notations to convey the headword of the entry to be sought, the particular part of the entry being referred to, and the nature of the information to be sought there (synonyms, antonyms, usage notes, etymology, an illustration, etc.)

Cross-references may be tagged in dictionaries using the ref and ptr elements defined in the core module (section 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References). In addition, the xr element may be used to group all the information relating to a cross-reference.

xr (cross-reference phrase) contains a phrase, sentence, or icon referring the reader to some other location in this or another text.

ref (reference) defines a reference to another location, possibly modified by additional text or comment.

ptr (pointer) defines a pointer to another location.

lbl (label) contains a label for a form, example, translation, or other piece of information, e.g. abbreviation for, contraction of, literally, approximately, synonyms:, etc.

As in other types of text, the actual pointing element (e.g. ref or ptr) is used to tag the cross-reference target proper (in dictionaries, usually the headword, possibly accompanied by a homograph number, a sense number, or other further restriction specifying what portion of the target entry is being referred to). The xr element is used to group the target with any accompanying phrases or symbols used to label the cross-reference; the cross-reference label itself may be encoded with lbl or may remain untagged. Both of the following are thus legitimate:

glee … Compare madrigal (1) CED

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>glee</orth>
 </form>
 <xr>Compare <ptr target="#madrigal.1"/>
 </xr>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="madrigal.1">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

⚓︎

hostellerie Syn. de hôtellerie (sens 1). DNT

<xr type="syn">
 <lbl>Syn. de</lbl>
 <ref>hôtellerie (sens 1)</ref>.
</xr>

⚓︎

In addition to using, or not using, lbl to mark the cross-reference label, the two examples differ in another way. The former assumes that the first sense of madrigal has the identifier madrigal.1, and that the specific form of the reference in the source volume can be reconstructed, if needed, from that information. The latter does not require the first sense of ‘hôtellerie’ to have an identifier, and retains the print form of the cross-reference; by omitting the target attribute of the ref element, however, the second example does assume implicitly either that some software could usefully parse the phrase tagged as a ref and find the location referred to, or else that such processing will not be necessary.

The type attribute on the pointing element or on the xr element may be used to indicate what kind of cross-reference is being made, using any convenient typology. Since different dictionaries may label the same kind of cross-reference in different ways, it may be useful to give normalized indications in the type attribute, enabling the encoder to distinguish irregular forms of cross-reference more reliably:

rose² … vb the past tense of rise CED

<entry n="2">
 <form>
  <orth>rose</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="inflectedForm">
  <lbl>the past tense of</lbl>
  <ref target="#rise">rise</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="rise">
 <form>
  <orth>rise</orth>
 </form>
<!-- main entry for "rise" as verb -->
</entry>

⚓︎

from cross-references for synonyms and the like:

antagonist … syn see adverse W7

<xr type="synonym">
 <lbl>syn see</lbl>
 <ref target="#adverse">adverse</ref>
</xr>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="adverse">
 <form>
  <orth>adverse</orth>
 </form>
<!-- list of synonyms for "adverse" -->
</entry>

⚓︎

Strictly speaking, the reference above is not to the entry for adverse, but to the list of synonyms found within that entry. In some cases, the cross-reference is to a particular subset of the meanings of the entry in question:

globe …V. armillaire (sphère) PR

<xr>V. <ref target="#armillaire">armillaire</ref>
 <lbl type="sense-restriction">sphère</lbl>
</xr>

⚓︎

Cross-references occasionally occur in definition texts, example texts, etc., or may be free-standing within an entry. These may typically be encoded using ref or ptr, without an enclosing xr. For example:

entacher … Acte entaché de nullité, contenant un vice de forme ou passé par un incapable*. DNT

The asterisk signals a reference to the entry for incapable.

<def>contenant un vice de forme ou passé par un <ptr target="#incapable"/>.</def>

⚓︎

In some cases, the form in the definition is inflected, and thus ref must be used to indicate more exactly the intended target, as here:

justifier …4. IMPRIM Donner a (une ligne) une longeur convenable au moyen de blancs (2, sens 1, 3). DNT

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="dom">imprim</usg>
 <def>Donner a (une ligne) une longeur convenable au moyen de
 <ref target="#blanc-2.1.3">blancs (2, sens 1, 3)</ref>
 </def>
</sense>
<entry xml:id="blanc" n="2">
<!-- ... -->
 <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  <def xml:id="blanc-2.1.3">...</def>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

⚓︎

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TEI: Notes within Entries⚓︎10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries

Dictionaries may include extensive explanatory notes about usage, grammar, context, etc. within entries. Very often, such notes appear as a separate section at the end of an entry. The standard note element should be used for such material.

note (note) contains a note or annotation.

For example:

neither (ˈnaɪðə, ˈni:ðə) determiner 1a not one nor the other (of two); not either: neither foot is swollen … usage A verb following a compound subject that uses neither… should be in the singular if both subjects are in the singular: neither Jack nor John has done the work CED

<entry>
 <form type="contraction">
  <orth>neither</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈnaɪðə</pron>,
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈni:ðə</pron>
 </form>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>neither foot is swollen</quote>
 </cit>
 <note type="usage">A verb following a compound subject
   that uses <hi rend="italic">neither</hi>… should be
   in the singular if both subjects are in the singular:
 <hi rend="italic">neither Jack nor John has done the work</hi>
 </note>
</entry>

⚓︎

The formal declaration for note is given in section 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing.

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TEI: Related Entries⚓︎10.3.6. Related Entries

The re element encloses a degenerate entry which appears in the body of another entry for some purpose. Many dictionaries include related entries for direct derivatives or inflected forms of the entry word, or for compound words, phrases, collocations, and idioms containing the entry word.

Related entries can be complex, and may in fact include any of the information to be found in a regular entry. Therefore, the re element is defined to contain the same elements as an entry element.

Examples:

bevvy (ˈbɛvɪ) informal n, pl -vies 1 a drink, esp an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night 2 a session of drinking. ▷ vb -vies, -vying, -vied (intr) 3 to drink alcohol [probably from Old French bevee, buvee, drinking] > 'bevvied adj CED

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

⚓︎

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TEI: Headword and Pronunciation References⚓︎10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

Examples, definitions, etymologies, and occasionally other elements such as cross-references, orthographic forms, etc., often contain a shortened or iconic reference to the headword, rather than repeating the headword itself. The references may be to the orthographic form or to the pronunciation, to the form given or to a variant of that form. The following elements are used to encode such iconic references to a headword:

oRef (orthographic-form reference) in a dictionary example, indicates a reference to the orthographic form(s) of the headword.

type
indicates the kind of typographic modification made to the headword in the reference. Sample values include: 1] cap (capital); 2] noHyph (no hyphen)

pRef (pronunciation reference) in a dictionary example, indicates a reference to the pronunciation(s) of the headword.

These elements all inherit the following attributes from the class att.pointing which may optionally be used to resolve any ambiguity about the headword form being referred to.

att.pointing provides a set of attributes used by all elements which point to other elements by means of one or more URI references.

target
specifies the destination of the reference by supplying one or more URI References.

Headword references come in a variety of formats:

~

indicates a reference to the full form of the headword

pref~

gives a prefix to be affixed to the headword

~suf

gives a suffix to be affixed to the headword

A~

gives the first letter in uppercase, indicating that the headword is capitalized

pref~suf

gives a prefix and a suffix to be affixed to the headword

a.

gives the initial of the word followed by a full stop, to indicate reference to the full form of the headword

A.

refers to a capitalized form of the headword

The oRef element should be used for iconic or shortened references to the orthographic form(s) of the headword itself. It is an empty element and replaces, rather than enclosing, the reference. Note that the reference to a headword is not necessarily a simple string replacement. In the example ‘colour1, (US = color) …~ films; ~ TV; Red, blue and yellow are ~s.’ OALD, the tilde stands for either headword form (colour, color).

Examples:

colonel … army officer above a lieutenant-~. OALD

<def>army officer above a lieutenant-<oRef/>
</def>

⚓︎

academy … The Royal A~ of Arts OALD

<q>The Royal <oRef type="cap"/> of Arts</q>

⚓︎

The following example demonstrates the use of the target attribute to refer to a specific form of the headword:

vag- or vago- comb form … : vagus nerve < vagal > < vagotomy > W7

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth xml:id="di-o1">vag-</orth>
  <orth xml:id="di-o2">vago-</orth>
 </form>
 <def>vagus nerve</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o1" type="noHyph"/>al</quote>
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o2" type="noHyph"/>tomy</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

⚓︎

In many cases the reference is not to the orthographic form of the headword, but rather to another form of the headword—usually to an inflected form. In these cases, the element oRef should be used; this element may take as its content the string as it appears in the text.

take … < Mr Burton took us for French > NPEG

<cit type="example">
 <quote>Mr Burton <oRef type="pt">took</oRef> us for French</quote>
</cit>

⚓︎

take … < was quite ~n with him > NPEG

<cit type="example">
 <quote>was quite <oRef type="pp">
   <oRef/>n</oRef> with him</quote>
</cit>

⚓︎

The next example shows a discontinuous reference, using the attributes next and prev, which are defined in the additional module for linking, segmentation, and alignment (see chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment) and therefore require that that module be selected in addition to that for dictionaries.

mix up… < it's easy to mix her up with her sister > NPEG

<cit type="example">
 <quote>it's easy to <oRef next="#ov2" xml:id="ov1">mix</oRef>
   her <oRef prev="#ov1" xml:id="ov2">up</oRef> with her sister</quote>
</cit>

⚓︎

In addition, some dictionaries make reference to the pronunciation of the headword in the pronunciation of related entries, variants, or examples. The pRef element should be used for such references.

hors d'oeuvre /,aw'duhv (Fr O:r dœvr)/ n, pl hors d'oeuvres also hors d'oeuvre /'duhv(z) (Fr ~)/ NPEG

<form>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">,aw'duhv</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron notation="ipa" xml:id="di-p2">O:r dœvr</pron>
 </form>
</form>
<form type="inflected">
 <number>pl</number>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvres</orth>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa" extent="part">'duhv(z)</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron>
   <pRef target="#di-p2"/>
  </pron>
 </form>
</form>

bibliography ⚓︎

Because headword and pronunciation references can occur virtually anywhere in an entry, the oRef and pRef elements may appear within any other element defined for dictionary entries.

Since existing printed dictionaries use different conventions for headword references (swung dash, first letter abbreviated form, capitalization, or italicization of the word, etc.) the exact method used should be documented in the header.

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TEI: Typographic and Lexical Information in Dictionary Data⚓︎10.5. Typographic and Lexical Information in Dictionary Data

Among the many possible views of dictionaries, it is useful to distinguish at least the following three, which help to clarify some issues raised with particular urgency by dictionaries, on account of the complexity of both their typography and their information structure.

(a) the typographic view—the two-dimensional printed page, including information about lineation, pagination, and other features of layout

(b) the editorial view—the one-dimensional sequence of tokens which can be seen as the input to the typesetting process; the wording and punctuation of the text and the sequencing of items are visible in this view, but specifics of the typographic realization are not

(c) the lexical view—this view includes the underlying information represented in a dictionary, without concern for its exact textual form

For example, a domain indication in a dictionary entry might be broken over a line and therefore hyphenated (‘naut-’ ‘ical’); the typographic view of the dictionary preserves this information. In a purely editorial view, the particular form in which the domain name is given in the particular dictionary (as ‘nautical’, rather than ‘naut.’, ‘Naut.’, etc.) would be preserved, but the fact that the word was split across two lines with a soft hyphen would not. Font shifts might plausibly be included in either a strictly typographic or an editorial view. In the lexical view, the only information preserved concerning domain would be some standard symbol or string representing the nautical domain (e.g. ‘naut.’) regardless of the form in which it appears in the printed dictionary.

In practice, publishers begin with the lexical view—i.e., lexical data as it might appear in a database—and generate first the editorial view, which reflects editorial choices for a particular dictionary (such as the use of the abbreviation ‘Naut.’ for ‘nautical’, the fonts in which different types of information are to be rendered, etc.), and then the typographic view, which is tied to a specific printed rendering. Computational linguists and philologists often begin with the typographic view and analyse it to obtain the editorial and/or lexical views. Some users may ultimately be concerned with retaining only the lexical view, or they may wish to preserve the typographic or editorial views as a reference text, perhaps as a guard against the loss or misinterpretation of information in the translation process. Some researchers may wish to retain all three views, and study their interrelations, since research questions may well span all three views.

In general, an electronic encoding of a text will allow the recovery of at least one view of that text (the one which guided the encoding); if editorial and typographic practices are consistently applied in the production of a printed dictionary, or if exceptions to the rules are consistently recorded in the electronic encoding, then it is in principle possible to recover the editorial view from an encoding of the lexical view, and the typographic view from an encoding of the editorial view. In practice, of course, the severe compression of information in dictionaries, the variety of methods by which this compression is achieved, the complexity of formulating completely explicit rules for editorial and typographic practice, and the relative rarity of complete consistency in the application of such rules, all make the mechanical transformation of information from one view into another something of a vexed question.

This section describes some principles which may be useful in capturing one or the other of these views as consistently and completely as possible, and describes some methods of attempting to capture more than one view in a single encoding. Only the editorial and lexical views are explicitly treated here; for methods of recording the physical or typographic details of a text, see chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources. Other approaches to these problems, such as the use of repetitive encoding and links to show their correspondences, or the use of feature structures to capture the information structure, and of the ana and inst attributes to link feature structures to a transcription of the editorial view of a dictionary, are not discussed here (for feature structures, see chapter 19. Feature Structures. For linkage of textual form and underlying information, see chapter 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms).

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TEI: Editorial View⚓︎10.5.1. Editorial View

Common practice in encoding texts of all sorts relies on principles such as the following, which can be used successfully to capture the editorial view when encoding a dictionary:

All characters of the source text should be retained, with the possible exception of rendition text (for which see further below).

Characters appearing in the source text should typically be given as character data content in the document, rather than as the value of an attribute; again, rendition text may optionally be excepted from this rule.

Apart from the characters or graphics in the source text, nothing else should appear as content in the document, although it may be given in attribute values.

The material in the source text should appear in the encoding in the same order. Complications of the character sequence by footnotes, marginal notes, etc., text wrapping around illustrations, etc., may be dealt with by the usual means (for notes, see section 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing).³⁹

In a very conservative transcription of the editorial view of a text, rendition characters (e.g. the commas, parentheses, etc., used in dictionary entries to signal boundaries among parts of the entry) and rendition text (for example, conjunctions joining alternate headwords, etc.) are typically retained. Removing the tags from such a transcription will leave all and only the characters of the source text, in their original sequence.⁴⁰

Consider, for example, the following entry:

pinna (ˈpɪnə) n, pl -nae (-ni:) or -nas 1 any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf 2 zoology a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part 3 another name for auricle (2). [C18: via New Latin from Latin: wing, feather, fin] CED

A conservative encoding of the editorial view of this entry, which retains all rendition text, might resemble the following:

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

⚓︎

A somewhat simplified encoding of the editorial view of this entry might exploit the fact that rendition text is often systematically recoverable. For example, parentheses consistently appear around pronunciation in this dictionary, and thus are effectively implied by the start- and end-tags for pron.⁴¹ In such an encoding, removing the tags should exactly reproduce the sequence of characters in the source, minus rendition text. The original character sequence can be recovered fully by replacing tags with any rendition text they imply.

Encoding in this way, the example given above might resemble the following. The tagUsage element in the header would be used to record the following patterns of rendition text:

parentheses appear around pron elements

commas appear before inflected forms

the word ‘or’ appears before alternate forms

brackets appear around the etymology

full stops appear after pos, inflection information, and sense numbers

senses are numbered in sequence unless otherwise specified using the global n attribute

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

⚓︎

When rendition text is omitted, it is recommended that the means to regenerate it be fully documented, using the tagUsage element of the TEI header.

If rendition text is used systematically in a dictionary, with only a few mistakes or exceptions, the global attribute rend may be used on any tag to flag exceptions to the normal treatment. The values of the rend attribute are not prescribed, but it can be used with values such as no-comma, no-left-paren, etc. Specific values can be documented using the rendition element in the TEI header.

In the following (imaginary) example, no left parenthesis precedes the pronunciation:

biryani or biriani %bIrI"A:nI) any of a variety of Indian dishes … [from Urdu]

This irregularity can be recorded thus:

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>biryani</orth>
  <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron rend="noleftparen">%bIrI"A:nI</pron>
 </form>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes … </def>
 <etym>from <lang>Urdu</lang>
 </etym>
</entry>

⚓︎

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TEI: Lexical View⚓︎10.5.2. Lexical View

If the text to be interchanged retains only the lexical view of the text, there may be no concern for the recoverability of the editorial (not to speak of the typographic) view of the text. However, it is strongly recommended that the TEI header be used to document fully the nature of all alterations to the original data, such as normalization of domain names, expansion of inflected forms, etc.

In an encoding of the lexical view of a text, there are degrees of departure from the original data: normalizing inconsistent forms like ‘nautical’, ‘naut’., ‘Naut.’, etc., to ‘nautical’ is a relatively slight alteration; expansion of ‘delay -ed -ing’ to ‘delay, delayed, delaying’ is a more substantial departure. Still more severe is the rearranging of the order of information in entries; for example:

reorganizing the order of elements in an entry to show their relationship, as in

clem (klɛm) or clam vb clems, clemming, clemmed or clams, clamming, clammed CED

where in a strictly lexical view one might wish to group ‘clem’ and ‘clam’ with their respective inflected forms.

splitting an entry into two separate entries, as in

celi.bacy /"selIb@sI/ n [U] state of living unmarried, esp as a religious obligation. celi.bate /"selIb@t/ n [C] unmarried person (esp a priest who has taken a vow not to marry). OALD

For some purposes, this entry might usefully be split into an entry for ‘celibacy’ and a separate entry for ‘celibate’.

An encoding which captures the lexical view of the example given in the previous section might look something like the following. In this encoding:

abbreviated forms have been silently expanded

some forms have been moved to allow related forms to be grouped together

the part of speech information has been moved to allow all forms to be given together

the cross-reference to ‘auricle’ has been simplified

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

⚓︎

Whether the given dictionary encoding focusses on the lexical view and thus approaches the status of lexical databases, or uses the typographic/editorial view approach and needs to communicate the sometimes informally stated values for the particular descriptive features, the issue of interoperability of the content and of the container objects becomes relevant, in view of the growing tendency to interlink pieces of information across Internet resources. In such cases, it becomes crucial to be able to encode the fact that whether the information on, for instance, the value of the grammatical category of Number is provided as ‘sg.’, ‘sing.’, ‘Singular’, or equivalently ‘poj.’ in Polish, or ‘Ez.’ in German, etc., what is actually referred to is always the same grammatical value that can be rendered with a plethora of markers, depending on the publisher, language, or lexicographic tradition. In order to signal that this variety of surface markers in fact indicate the same underlying value, it is possible to align them with an external inventory of standardized values. The TEI provides the att.datcat attribute class for the purpose of aligning grammatical (or indeed any sort of) categories as well as their values with a reference taxonomy of shared data categories.

In the example below, a fragment of the entry for isotope cited in section 10.3.2. Grammatical Information is adorned by references to standardized definitions for part of speech (datcat) and adjective (valueDatcat). Depending on the status and extent of the dictionary, various strategies may be used to reduce the redundancy of references.

<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"
   valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

⚓︎

In the above example, alignment is performed against the CLARIN Concept Registry.

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TEI: Retaining Both Views⚓︎10.5.3. Retaining Both Views

It is sometimes desirable to retain both the lexical and the editorial view, in which case a potential conflict exists between the two. When there is a conflict between the encodings for the lexical and editorial views, the principles described in the following sections may be applied.

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TEI: Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views⚓︎10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

If the order of the data is the same in both views, then both views may be captured by encoding one ‘dominant’ view in the character data content of the document, and encoding the other using attribute values on the appropriate elements. If all tags were to be removed, the remaining characters would be those of the dominant view of the text.

The attribute class att.lexicographic (which includes the attributes norm and org from class att.lexicographic.normalized) is used to provide attributes for use in encoding multiple views of the same dictionary entry. These attributes are available for use on all elements defined in this chapter when the base module for dictionaries is selected.

When the editorial view is dominant, the following attributes may be used to capture the lexical view:

att.lexicographic provides a set of attributes for specifying standard and normalized values, grammatical functions, alternate or equivalent forms, and information about composite parts.

norm [att.lexicographic.normalized] | (normalized) provides the normalized/standardized form of information present in the source text in a non-normalized form.
split | (split) gives the list of split values for a merged form.

When the lexical view is dominant, the following attributes may be used to record the editorial view:

att.lexicographic provides a set of attributes for specifying standard and normalized values, grammatical functions, alternate or equivalent forms, and information about composite parts.

orig [att.lexicographic.normalized] | (original) gives the original string or is the empty string when the element does not appear in the source text.
mergedIn | (merged into) gives a reference to another element, where the original appears as a merged form.

One attribute is useful in either view:

att.lexicographic provides a set of attributes for specifying standard and normalized values, grammatical functions, alternate or equivalent forms, and information about composite parts.

opt
(optional) indicates whether the element is optional or not.

For example, if the source text had the domain label ‘naut.’, it might be encoded as follows. With the editorial view dominant:

<usg norm="nautical" type="dom">naut.</usg>

⚓︎

The lexical view of the same label would transcribe the normalized form as content of the usg element, the typographic form as an attribute value:

<usg orig="naut." type="dom">nautical</usg>

⚓︎

If the source text gives inflectional information for the verb delay as ‘delay, -ed, -ing’, it might usefully be expanded to ‘delayed, delayed, delaying’. An encoding of the editorial view might take this form:

<form>
 <orth>delay</orth>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth norm="delayed" extent="part">-ed</orth>
  <tns norm="pst,pstp"/>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth norm="delaying" extent="part">-ing</orth>
  <tns norm="prsp"/>
 </form>
</form>

⚓︎

Note the use of the tns tag with null content, to enable the representation of implicit information even though it has no print realization.

The lexical view might be encoded thus:

<form>
 <orth>delay</orth>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth orig="-ed">delayed</orth>
  <tns orig="">pst</tns>
  <tns orig="">pstp</tns>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth orig="-ing">delaying</orth>
  <tns orig="">prsp</tns>
 </form>
</form>

⚓︎

A particular problem may be posed by the common practice of presenting two alternate forms of a word in a single string, by marking some parts of the word as optional in some forms. The following entry is for a word which can be spelled either ‘thyrostimuline’ or ‘thyréostimuline’:

thyr(é)ostimuline [tiR(e)ostimylin] …

With the editorial view dominant, this entry might begin thus:

<form>
 <orth split="thyrostimuline, thyréostimuline">thyr(é)ostimuline</orth>
 <pron split="tiRostimylin, tiReostimylin">tiR(e)ostimylin</pron>
</form>

⚓︎

With the lexical view dominant, however, two orth and two pron elements would be encoded, in order to disentangle the two forms; the orig attribute would be used to record the typographic presentation of the information in the source.

<form>
 <orth xml:id="dic-o1"
  orig="thyr(é)ostimuline">thyrostimuline</orth>
 <pron xml:id="dic-p1"
  orig="tiR(e)ostimylin">tiRostimylin</pron>
</form>
<form>
 <orth mergedIn="#dic-o1">thyréostimuline</orth>
 <pron mergedIn="#dic-p1">tiReostimylin</pron>
</form>

⚓︎

This example might also be encoded using the opt attribute combined with the attributes next and prev defined in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.

<form>
 <orth next="#dict-o2" xml:id="dict-o1">thyr</orth>
 <orth next="#dict-o3" prev="#dict-o1"
  xml:id="dict-o2" opt="true">é</orth>
 <orth prev="#dict-o2" xml:id="dict-o3">ostimuline</orth>
 <pron next="#dict-p2" xml:id="dict-p1">tiR</pron>
 <pron next="#dict-p3" prev="#dict-p1"
  xml:id="dict-p2" opt="true">e</pron>
 <pron prev="#dict-p2" xml:id="dict-p3">ostimylin</pron>
</form>

⚓︎

Note that this transcription preserves both the lexical and editorial views in a single encoding. However, it has the disadvantage that the strings corresponding to entire words do not appear in the encoding uninterrupted, and therefore complex processing is required to retrieve them from the encoded text. The use of the opt attribute is recommended, however, when long spans of text are involved, or when the optional part contains embedded tags.

For example, the following gives two definitions in one text: ‘picture drawn with coloured chalk made into crayons’, and ‘coloured chalk made into crayons’:

pas.tel /"pastl US: pa"stel/ n 1 (picture drawn with) coloured chalk made into crayons. 2… OALD

A simple encoding solution would be to leave the definition text unanalysed, but this might be felt inadequate since it does not show that there are two definitions. A possible alternative encoding would be:

<sense n="1">
 <def>coloured
   chalk made into crayons</def>
 <def>picture drawn with coloured chalk
   made into crayons</def>
</sense>

⚓︎

This transcribes some characters of the source text twice, however, which deviates from the usual practice. The following encoding records both the editorial and lexical views:

<sense n="1">
 <def next="#d2" xml:id="d1" opt="true">picture drawn
   with</def>
 <def prev="#d1" xml:id="d2">coloured chalk made into
   crayons</def>
</sense>

⚓︎

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TEI: Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements⚓︎10.5.3.2. Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements

The attributes described in the previous section are useful only when the order of material is the same in both the editorial and the lexical view. When the two views impose different orders on the data, the standard linking mechanisms may be used to show the original location of material transposed in an encoding of the lexical view.

If the original is only slightly modified, the anchor element may be used to mark the original location of the material, and the location attribute may be used on the lexical encoding of that material to indicate its original location(s). Like those in the preceding section, this attribute is defined for the attribute class att.lexicographic:

att.lexicographic provides a set of attributes for specifying standard and normalized values, grammatical functions, alternate or equivalent forms, and information about composite parts.

opt
(optional) indicates whether the element is optional or not.

For example:

pinna (ˈpɪnə) n, pl -nae (-ni:) or -nas CED

<form>
 <orth>pinna</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 <anchor xml:id="p01"/>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos location="#p01">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

⚓︎

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TEI: Unstructured Entries⚓︎10.6. Unstructured Entries

The content model for the entry element provides an entry structure suitable for many average dictionaries, as well as many regular entries in more exotic dictionaries. However, the structure of some dictionaries does not allow the restrictions imposed by the content model for entry. To handle these cases, the entryFree and dictScrap elements are provided to support much wider variation in entry structure. The dictScrap element offers less freedom, in that it can only contain phrase level elements, but it can itself appear at any point within a dictionary entry where any of the structural components of a dictionary entry are permitted. As such, it acts as a container for otherwise anomalous parts of an entry.

The entryFree element places no constraints at all upon the entry: any element defined in this chapter, as well as all the normal phrase-level and inter-level elements, can appear anywhere within it. With the entryFree element, the encoder is free to use any element anywhere, as well as to use or omit grouping elements such as form, gramGrp, etc.

The entryFree element allows the encoding of entries which violate the structure specified for the entry element. For example, in the following entry from a dictionary already in electronic form, it is necessary to include a pron element within a def. This is not permitted in the content model for entry, but it poses no problem in the entryFree element.

<entb h="demigod"> <hwd>demi|god</hwd> <pr> <ph>"demIgQd</ph> </pr> <hps ps="n"> <hsn> <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def> <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg<cf>Hercules</cf> <pr> <ph>"h3:kjUli:z</ph> </pr> </def> </hsn> </hps> </ent>⚓

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <hyph>demi|god</hyph>
  <pron>"demIgQd</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def>
 <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg
 <mentioned>Hercules</mentioned>
 </def>
 <pron>"h3:kjUli:z</pron>
</entryFree>

⚓︎

The entryFree element also makes it possible to transcribe a dictionary using only phrase-level (‘atomic’) elements—that is, using no grouping elements at all. This can be desirable if the encoder wants a completely ‘flat’ view, with no indication of or commitment to the association of one element with another. The following encoding uses no grouping elements, and keeps all rendition text:

biryani or biriani (ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ) n any of a variety of Indian dishes … [from Urdu] CED

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

⚓︎

Here is an alternative way of representing the same structure, this time using dictScrap:

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

⚓︎

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TEI: The Dictionary Module⚓︎10.7. The Dictionary Module

The module defined in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module dictionaries: Dictionaries

Elements defined: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth pRef per pos pron re sense stress subc superEntry syll tns usg xr

Classes defined: att.entryLike att.lexicographic model.entryLike model.formPart model.gramPart model.lexicalRefinement model.morphLike model.ptrLike.form

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

38

We refer the reader to previous and current discussions of a common format for encoding lexical resources. For example, Amsler and Tompa (1988); Calzolari et al. (1990); Fought and Van Ess-Dykema; Ide and Veronis (1995); Ide et al. (1993); Ide et al. (1992); DANLEX Group (1987); and Tutin and Veronis (1998); Ide et al. (2000).

39

Complications of sequence caused by marginal or interlinear insertions and deletions, which are frequent in manuscripts, or by unconventional page layouts, as in concrete poetry, magazines with imaginative graphic designers, and texts about the nature of typography as a medium, typically do not occur in dictionaries, and so are not discussed here.

40

This is a slight oversimplification. Even in conservative transcriptions, it is common to omit page numbers, signatures of gatherings, running titles and the like. The simple description above also elides, for the sake of simplicity, the difficulties of assigning a meaning to the phrase ‘original sequence’ when it is applied to the printed characters of a source text; the ‘original sequence’ retained or recovered from a conservative transcription of the editorial view is, of course, the one established during the transcription by the encoder.

41

The omission of rendition text is particularly common in systems for document production; it is considered good practice there, since automatic generation of rendition text is more reliable and more consistent than attempting to maintain it manually in the electronic text.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

11. Manuscript Description

Table of contents

11.1. Overview

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

11.3. Phrase-level Elements

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

11.5. The Manuscript Heading

11.6. Intellectual Content

11.7. Physical Description

11.8. History

11.9. Additional Information

11.10. Manuscript Parts

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

11.12. Module for Manuscript Description

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TEI: Overview⚓︎11.1. Overview

The msdescription module⁴² defines a special purpose element which can be used to provide detailed descriptive information about handwritten primary sources and other text-bearing objects. Although originally developed to meet the needs of cataloguers and scholars working with medieval manuscripts in the European tradition, the scheme presented here is general enough that it can also be extended to other traditions and materials, and is potentially useful for any kind of text-bearing artefact. Where the textuality of an object is not the primary concern, encoders may wish to use the object element which provides a very similar system of description (see 14.3.6. Objects.

The scheme described here is also intended to accommodate the needs of many different classes of encoders. On the one hand, encoders may be engaged in retrospective conversion of existing detailed descriptions and catalogues into machine tractable form; on the other, they may be engaged in cataloguing ex nihilo, that is, creating new detailed descriptions for materials never before catalogued. Some may be primarily concerned to represent accurately the description itself, as opposed to the ideas and interpretations the description represents; others may have entirely opposite priorities. At one extreme, a project may simply wish to capture an existing catalogue in a form that can be displayed on the Web, and which can be searched for literal strings, or for such features such as titles, authors and dates; at the other, a project may wish to create, in highly structured and encoded form, a detailed database of information about the physical characteristics, history, interpretation, etc. of the material, able to support practitioners of quantitative codicology as well as librarians.

To cater for this diversity, here as elsewhere, these Guidelines propose a flexible strategy, in which encoders must choose for themselves the approach appropriate to their needs, and are provided with a choice of encoding mechanisms to support those differing degrees.

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TEI: The Manuscript Description Element⚓︎11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

The msDesc element will normally appear within the sourceDesc element of the header of a TEI-conformant document, where the document being encoded is a digital representation of some manuscript original, whether as an encoded transcription, as a collection of digital images (as described in 12.1. Digital Facsimiles), or as some combination of the two. However, in cases where the document being encoded is essentially a collection of manuscript descriptions, the msDesc element may be used in the same way as the bibliographic elements (bibl, biblFull, and biblStruct) making up the TEI element class model.biblLike. These typically appear within the listBibl element.

msDesc (manuscript description) contains a description of a single identifiable manuscript or other text-bearing object such as an early printed book.

The msDesc element has the following components, which provide more detailed information under a number of headings. Each of these component elements is further described in the remainder of this chapter.

msIdentifier (manuscript identifier) contains the information required to identify the manuscript or similar object being described.

head (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section, or the heading of a list, glossary, manuscript description, etc.

msContents (manuscript contents) describes the intellectual content of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object either as a series of paragraphs or as a series of structured manuscript items.

physDesc (physical description) contains a full physical description of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object optionally subdivided using more specialized elements from the model.physDescPart class.

history (history) groups elements describing the full history of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

additional (additional) groups additional information, combining bibliographic information about a manuscript or other object, or surrogate copies of it, with curatorial or administrative information.

msPart (manuscript part) contains information about an originally distinct manuscript or part of a manuscript, which is now part of a composite manuscript.

msFrag (manuscript fragment) contains information about a fragment described in relation to a prior context, typically as a description of a virtual reconstruction of a manuscript or other object whose fragments were catalogued separately.

The first of these components, msIdentifier, is the only one which is mandatory; it is described in more detail in 11.4. The Manuscript Identifier below. It is followed optionally by one or more head elements, each holding a brief heading (see 11.5. The Manuscript Heading), and then either one or more paragraphs, marked up as a series of p elements, or at most one of each of the specialized elements msContents (11.6. Intellectual Content), physDesc (11.7. Physical Description), history (11.8. History), and additional (11.9. Additional Information). These elements are all optional, and if used they may appear at most once in a given msDesc, in any order. Finally, in the case of a composite manuscript (a manuscript composed of several codicological units) or a fragmented manuscript (a manuscript whose parts are now dispersed and kept at different places), a full description may also contain one or more msPart (11.10. Manuscript Parts) elements and msFrag (11.11. Manuscript Fragments) elements, respectively.

To demonstrate the use of this module, consider the following sample manuscript description, chosen more or less at random from the Bodleian Library's Summary catalogue ([291])

bibliography

Figure 12. Entry for Bodleian MS. Add. A. 61 in Madan et al. 1895-1953

The simplest way of digitizing this catalogue entry would simply be to key in the text, tagging the relevant parts of it which make up the mandatory msIdentifier element, as follows:

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <p>In Latin, on parchment: written in more than one hand of the 13th cent. in
   England: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns: with a few coloured
   capitals.</p>
 <p>'Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,' the De origine et gestis Regum Angliae of
   Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis: beg. 'Cum mecum multa &amp; de
   multis.'</p>
 <p>On fol. 54v very faint is 'Iste liber est fratris guillelmi de buria de ...
   Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],' 14th cent. (?): 'hanauilla' is written
   at the foot of the page (15th cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March
   17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
</msDesc>

bibliography ⚓︎

With a suitable stylesheet, this encoding would be as readable as the original; it would not, however, be very useful for search purposes since only shelfmarks and other identifiers are distinguished. To improve on this, one might wrap the paragraphs in the appropriate special-purpose first-child-level elements of msDesc and add some of the additional phrase-level elements available when this module is in use:

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that in this version the text has been slightly reorganized, but no actual rewriting has been necessary. The encoding now allows the user to search for such features as title, material, and date and place of origin; it is also possible to distinguish quoted material from descriptive passages and to search within descriptions relating to a particular topic (for example, history as distinct from material).

This process could be continued further, restructuring the whole entry so as to take full advantage of many more of the encoding possibilities provided by the module described in this chapter:

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the remainder of this chapter we discuss all of the encoding features demonstrated above, together with many other related matters.

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TEI: Phrase-level Elements⚓︎11.3. Phrase-level Elements

When the msdescription module is in use, several extra elements are added to the phrase level class, and thus become available within paragraphs and elsewhere in the document. These elements are listed below in alphabetical order:

catchwords (catchwords) describes the system used to ensure correct ordering of the quires or similar making up a codex, incunable, or other object typically by means of annotations at the foot of the page.

dimensions (dimensions) contains a dimensional specification.

heraldry (heraldry) contains a heraldic formula or phrase, typically found as part of a blazon, coat of arms, etc.

locus (locus) defines a location within a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object typically as a (possibly discontinuous) sequence of folio references.

locusGrp (locus group) groups a number of locations which together form a distinct but discontinuous item within a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

material (material) contains a word or phrase describing the material of which the object being described is composed.

watermark (watermark) contains a word or phrase describing a watermark or similar device.

objectType (object type) contains a word or phrase describing the type of object being referred to.

origDate (origin date) contains any form of date, used to identify the date of origin for a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

origPlace (origin place) contains any form of place name, used to identify the place of origin for a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

secFol (second folio) marks the word or words taken from a fixed point in a codex (typically the beginning of the second leaf) in order to provide a unique identifier for it.

signatures (signatures) contains discussion of the leaf or quire signatures found within a codex or similar object.

Within a manuscript description, many other standard TEI phrase level elements are available, notably those described in the Core module (3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents). Additional elements of particular relevance to manuscript description, such as those for names and dates, may also be made available by including the relevant module in one's schema.

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TEI: Origination⚓︎11.3.1. Origination

The following elements may be used to provide information about the origins of any aspect of a manuscript:

origDate (origin date) contains any form of date, used to identify the date of origin for a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

origPlace (origin place) contains any form of place name, used to identify the place of origin for a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

The origDate and origPlace elements are specialized forms of the existing date and name elements respectively, used to indicate specifically the date and place of origin of a manuscript or manuscript part. Such information would normally be encoded within the history element, discussed in section 11.8. History. origDate and origPlace can also be used to identify the place or date of origin of any aspect of the manuscript, such as its decoration or binding, when these are not of the same date or from the same location as rest of the manuscript. Both these elements are members of the att.editLike class, from which they inherit many attributes.

The origDate element is a member of the att.datable class, and may thus also carry additional attributes giving normalized values for the associated dating.

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TEI: Material and Object Type⚓︎11.3.2. Material and Object Type

The material element can be used to tag any specific term used for the physical material of which a manuscript (or binding, seal, etc.) is composed. The objectType element may be used to tag any term specifying the type of object or manuscript upon with the text is written.

material (material) contains a word or phrase describing the material of which the object being described is composed.

function
describes the function or use of the material in relation to the object as a whole. Sample values include: 1] binding; 2] endband; 3] slipcase; 4] support; 5] tie

objectType (object type) contains a word or phrase describing the type of object being referred to.

These elements may appear wherever a term regarded as significant by the encoder occurs, as in the following examples:

<binding>
 <p>Brown <material>calfskin</material>, previously with two clasps.</p>
</binding>

⚓︎

<support>
 <p>
  <material function="support">Parchment</material>
  <objectType>codex</objectType> with half <material function="binding">goat-leather</material>
   binding.</p>
</support>

⚓︎

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TEI: Watermarks and Stamps⚓︎11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

Two further elements are provided to mark up other decorative features characteristic of manuscript leaves and bindings:

watermark (watermark) contains a word or phrase describing a watermark or similar device.

stamp (stamp) contains a word or phrase describing a stamp or similar device.

These elements may appear wherever a term regarded as significant by the encoder occurs. The watermark element is most likely to be of use within the support element discussed in 11.7.1.1. Support below. We give a simple example here:

<support>
 <material>Rag
   paper</material> with <watermark>anchor</watermark> watermark
</support>

⚓︎

The stamp element will typically appear when text from the source is being transcribed, for example within a rubric in the following case:

<rubric>
 <lb/>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV
<lb/>SI NON LICET
<lb/>NOBIS RO
<lb/>manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

⚓︎

It may also appear as part of the detailed description of a binding:

<binding>
 <p>Modern calf recasing with original armorial stamp <stamp>with legend
  <mentioned xml:lang="la">Ex Bibliotheca J. Richard
       D.M.</mentioned>
  </stamp>
 </p>
</binding>

⚓︎

If, as here, any text contained by a stamp is included in its description it should be clearly distinguished from that description. The element mentioned may be used for this purpose, as shown above.

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TEI: Dimensions⚓︎11.3.4. Dimensions

The dimensions element can be used to specify the size of some aspect of the manuscript, and thus may be thought of as a specialized form of the existing TEI measure element.

dimensions (dimensions) contains a dimensional specification.

type
indicates which aspect of the object is being measured. Sample values include: 1] leaves; 2] ruled; 3] pricked; 4] written; 5] miniatures; 6] binding; 7] box

The dimensions element will normally occur within the element describing the particular feature or aspect of a manuscript whose dimensions are being given; thus the size of the leaves would be specified within the support or extent element (part of the physDesc element discussed in 11.7.1. Object Description), while the dimensions of other specific parts of a manuscript, such as accompanying materials, binding, etc., would be given in other parts of the description, as appropriate.

The following elements are available within the dimensions element:

height (height) contains a measurement measured along the axis at a right angle to the bottom of the object.

width (width) contains a measurement of an object along the axis parallel to its bottom, e.g. perpendicular to the spine of a book or codex.

depth (depth) contains a measurement from the front to the back of an object, perpendicular to the measurement given by the width element.

dim contains any single measurement forming part of a dimensional specification of some sort.

These elements, as well as dimensions itself, are all members of the att.dimensions class, which also inherits attributes from the att.ranging class. They all thus carry the following attributes:

att.dimensions provides attributes for describing the size of physical objects.

scope | where the measurement summarizes more than one observation, specifies the applicability of this measurement. Sample values include: 1] all; 2] most; 3] range
extent | indicates the size of the object concerned using a project-specific vocabulary combining quantity and units in a single string of words.
unit | names the unit used for the measurement Suggested values include: 1] cm (centimetres); 2] mm (millimetres); 3] in (inches); 4] line; 5] char (characters)
quantity | specifies the length in the units specified

att.ranging provides attributes for describing numerical ranges.

atLeast | gives a minimum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
atMost | gives a maximum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
min | where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the minimum value observed.
max | where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the maximum value observed.

Attributes scope, min, and max are used only when the measurement applies to several items, for example the size of all leaves in a manuscript; attributes atLeast and atMost are used when the measurement applies to a single item, for example the size of a specific codex, but has had to be estimated. Attribute quantity is used when the measurement can be given exactly, and applies to a single item; this is the usual situation. In this case, the units in which dimensions are measured may be specified using the unit attribute, the value of which will normally be taken from a closed set of values appropriate to the project, using standard units of measurement wherever possible, such as cm, mm, in, line, char. If however the only data available for the measurement uses some other unit, or it is preferred to normalize it in some other way, then it may be supplied as a string value by means of the extent attribute.

In the simplest case, only the extent attribute may be supplied:

<width extent="6 cubit">six
cubits</width>

⚓︎

More usually, the measurement will be normalized into a value and an appropriate SI unit:

<width quantity="270" unit="cm">six cubits</width>

⚓︎

Where the exact value is uncertain, the attributes atLeast and atMost may be used to indicate the upper and lower bounds of an estimated value:

<width atLeast="250" atMost="300" unit="cm">six cubits</width>

⚓︎

It is often convenient to supply a measurement which applies to a number of discrete observations: for example, the number of ruled lines on the pages of a manuscript (which may not all be the same), or the diameter of an object like a bell, which will differ depending where it is measured. In such cases, the scope attribute may be used to specify the observations for which this measurement is applicable:

<height unit="line" scope="most"
 atLeast="20"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

This indicates that most pages have at least 20 lines. The attributes min and max can also be used to specify the possible range of values: for example, to show that all pages have between 12 and 30 lines:

<height unit="line" scope="all" min="12"
 max="30"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

The dimensions element may be repeated as often as necessary, with appropriate attribute values to indicate the nature and scope of the measurement concerned. For example, in the following case the leaf size and ruled space of the leaves of the manuscript are specified:

<dimensions type="ruled" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"
  unit="mm"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48" unit="mm"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height min="157" max="160" unit="mm"/>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</dimensions>

bibliography ⚓︎

This indicates that for most leaves of the manuscript being described the ruled space is 90 mm high and 48 mm wide, while the leaves throughout are between 157 and 160 mm in height and 105 mm in width.

The dim element is provided for cases where some measurement other than height, width, or depth is required. Its type attribute is used to indicate the type of measurement involved:

<dimensions unit="cm">
 <dim type="circumference" quantity="48"
  unit="mm"/>
 <height quantity="90" unit="mm"/>
</dimensions>

bibliography ⚓︎

The order in which components of the dimensions element may be supplied is not constrained.

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TEI: References to Locations within a Manuscript⚓︎11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

The locus and its grouping element locusGrp element are specialized forms of the ref element, used to indicate a location, or sequence of locations, within a manuscript.

locus (locus) defines a location within a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object typically as a (possibly discontinuous) sequence of folio references.

from | (from) specifies the starting point of the location in a normalized form, typically a page number.
to | (to) specifies the end-point of the location in a normalized form, typically as a page number.
scheme | (scheme) identifies the foliation scheme in terms of which the location is being specified by pointing to some foliation element defining it, or to some other equivalent resource.

locusGrp (locus group) groups a number of locations which together form a distinct but discontinuous item within a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

scheme
(scheme) identifies the foliation scheme in terms of which all the locations contained by the group are specified by pointing to some foliation element defining it, or to some other equivalent resource.

The locus element is used to reference a single location within a manuscript, typically to specify the location occupied by the element within which it appears. If, for example, it is used as the first component of an msItem or msItemStruct element, or of any of the more specific elements appearing within one (see further section 11.6. Intellectual Content below) then it is understood to specify the location (or locations) of that item within the manuscript being described.

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TEI: Identifying a Location⚓︎11.3.5.1. Identifying a Location

A locus element can be used to identify any reference to one or more folios within a manuscript, wherever such a reference is appropriate. Locations are conventionally specified as a sequence of folio or page numbers, but may also be a discontinuous list, or a combination of the two. This specification should be given as the content of the locus element, using the conventions appropriate to the individual scholar or holding institution, as in the following example:

<msItem n="1">
 <locus>ff. 1-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

⚓︎

A normalized form of the location can also be supplied, using special purpose attributes on the locus element, as in the following revision of the above example:

<msItem n="1">
 <locus from="1r" to="24r">ff. 1-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

⚓︎

When the item concerned occupies a discontinuous sequence of pages, this may simply be indicated in the body of the locus element:

<msItem n="1">
 <locus>ff. 1-12v, 18-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

⚓︎

Alternatively, if it is desired to indicate normalized values for each part of the sequence, a sequence of locus elements can be supplied, grouped within the locusGrp element:

<msItem n="1">
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="1r" to="12v">ff. 1-12v</locus>
  <locus from="18" to="24r">ff. 18-24r</locus>
 </locusGrp>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

⚓︎

If an existing catalogue is being transcribed and it is desirable to retain formatting of the reference (e.g. superscript or italic text) then the hi element may be used. If encoding multiple semantic divisions in a single location reference then a nested locus may be used to separate or annotate these.

Finally, the content of the locus element may be omitted if a formatting application can construct it automatically from the values of the from and to attributes:

<msItem n="1">
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="1r" to="12v"/>
  <locus from="18" to="24r"/>
 </locusGrp>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

⚓︎

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TEI: Linking a Location to a Transcription or an Image⚓︎11.3.5.2. Linking a Location to a Transcription or an Image

The locus attribute can also be used to associate a location within a manuscript with facsimile images of that location, using the facs attribute, or with a transcription of the text occurring at that location. The former association is effected by means of the facs attribute; the latter by means of the target attribute.

The facs is available only when the transcr module described in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources is included in a schema. It associates a locus element with one or more digitized images, as in the following example:

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

⚓︎

Here, the facs attribute uses a URI reference to point directly to images of the relevant pages. This method may be found cumbersome when many images are to be associated with a single location. It is of most use when specific pages are referenced within a description, as in the following example:

<decoDesc>
 <p>Several of the miniatures in this section have been damaged and overpainted
   at a later date (e.g. the figure of Christ on <locus facs="http://www.example.com/images.fr#F33R">fol. 33r</locus>; the face of the
   Shepherdess on <locus facs="http://www.example.com/images.fr#F59V">fol.
     59v</locus>, etc.).</p>
</decoDesc>

⚓︎

For further discussion of the facs attribute, see section 12.1. Digital Facsimiles.

Where a transcription of the relevant pages is available, this may be associated with the locus element using its target attribute, as in the following example:

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

⚓︎

When (as in this example) a sequence of elements is to be supplied as target value, it may be given explicitly as above, or using the xPointer range() syntax defined at 17.2.4.6. range(). Note however that support for this pointer mechanism is not widespread in current XML processing systems.

The target attribute should only be used to point to elements that contain or indicate a transcription of the locus being described. To associate a locus element with a page image or other comparable representation, the global facs attribute should be used instead.

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TEI: Using Multiple Location Schemes⚓︎11.3.5.3. Using Multiple Location Schemes

Where a manuscript contains more than one foliation, the scheme attribute may be used to distinguish them. For example, MS 65 Corpus Christi College, Cambridge contains two fly leaves bearing music. These leaves have modern foliation 135 and 136 respectively, but are also marked with an older foliation. This may be preserved in an encoding such as the following:

<locus scheme="#original">XCIII</locus>
<locus scheme="#modern">135</locus>

⚓︎

Here the scheme attribute points to a foliation element providing more details about the scheme used, as further discussed in 11.7.1.4. Foliation below.

Where discontinuous sequences are identified within two different foliations, the scheme attribute should be supplied on the locusGrp element in preference, as in the following:

<locusGrp scheme="#original">
 <locus>XCIII</locus>
 <locus>CC-CCII</locus>
</locusGrp>
<locusGrp scheme="#modern">
 <locus>135</locus>
 <locus>197-204</locus>
</locusGrp>

⚓︎

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TEI: Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations⚓︎11.3.6. Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

The standard TEI element name may be used to identify names of any kind occurring within a description:

name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.

As further discussed in 3.6.1. Referring Strings, this element is a member of the class att.canonical, from which it inherits the following attributes:

att.canonical provides attributes that can be used to associate a representation such as a name or title with canonical information about the object being named or referenced.

key | provides an externally-defined means of identifying the entity (or entities) being named, using a coded value of some kind.
ref | (reference) provides an explicit means of locating a full definition or identity for the entity being named by means of one or more URIs.

Here are some examples of the use of the name element:

<name type="person">Thomas Hoccleve</name>
<name type="place">Villingaholt</name>
<name type="org">Vetus Latina Institut</name>
<name type="person" ref="#HOC001">Occleve</name>

⚓︎

Note that the name element is defined as providing information about a name, not the person, place, or organization to which that name refers. In the last example above, the ref attribute is used to associate the name with a more detailed description of the person named. This is provided by means of the person element, which becomes available when the namesdates module described in chapter 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places is included in a schema. An element such as the following might then be used to provide detailed information about the person indicated by the name:

<person xml:id="HOC001">
 <persName>
  <surname>Hoccleve</surname>
  <forename>Thomas</forename>
 </persName>
 <birth notBefore="1368"/>
 <occupation>poet</occupation>
<!-- other personal data -->
</person>

⚓︎

Note that an instance of the person element must be provided for each distinct ref value specified. For example, in the case above, the value HOC001 must be found as the xml:id attribute of some person element; the same value will be used as the ref attribute of every reference to Hoccleve in the document (however spelled), but there will only be one person element with this identifier.

Alternatively, the key attribute may be used to supply a unique identifying code for the person referenced by the name independently of both the existence of a person element and the use of the standard URI reference mechanism. If, for example, a project maintains as its authority file some non-digital resource, or uses a database which cannot readily be integrated with other digital resources for this purpose, the unique codes used by such ‘offline’ resources may be used as values for the key attribute. Although such practices clearly reduce the interchangeability of the resulting encoded texts, they may be judged more convenient or practical in certain situations. As explained in 3.6.1. Referring Strings, interchange is improved by use of tag URIs in ref instead of key.

All the person elements referenced by a particular document set should be collected together within a listPerson element, located in a standOff element. This functions as a kind of prosopography for all the people referenced by the set of manuscripts being described, in much the same way as a listBibl element may be used to hold bibliographic information for all the works referenced.

When the namesdates module described in chapter 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places is included in a schema, similar mechanisms are used to maintain and reference canonical lists of places or organizations, as further discussed in sections 14.2.3. Place Names and 14.2.2. Organizational Names respectively.

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TEI: Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio⚓︎11.3.7. Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio

The catchwords element is used to describe one method by which correct ordering of the quires of a codex is ensured. Typically, this takes the form of a word or phrase written in the lower margin of the last leaf verso of a gathering, which provides a preview of the first recto leaf of the successive gathering. This may be a simple phrase such as the following:

<catchwords>Quires signed on the
last leaf verso in roman numerals.</catchwords>

⚓︎

Alternatively, it may contain more details:

<catchwords>Vertical catchwords in the hand of the scribe placed along the inner
bounding line, reading from top to bottom.</catchwords>

⚓︎

The ‘Signatures’ element is used, in a similar way, to describe a similar system in which quires or leaves are marked progressively in order to facilitate arrangement during binding. For example:

<signatures>At the bottom of the
first four leaves of quires 1-14 are the remains of a series of quire signatures
a-o plus roman figures in a cursive hand of the fourteenth century.</signatures>

⚓︎

The signatures element can be used for either leaf signatures, or a combination of quire and leaf signatures, whether the marking is alphabetic, alphanumeric, or some ad hoc system, as in the following more complex example:

<signatures>Quire and leaf
signatures in letters, [b]-v, and roman numerals; those in quires 10 (1) and 17
(s) in red ink and different from others; every third quire also signed with red
crayon in arabic numerals in the centre lower margin of the first leaf recto:
"2" for quire 4 (f. 19), "3" for quire 7 (f. 43); "4", barely visible, for quire
10 (f. 65), "5", in a later hand, for quire 13 (f. 89), "6", in a later hand,
for quire 16 (f. 113).</signatures>

⚓︎

The secFol element (for ‘secundo folio’) is used to record an identifying phrase (also called dictio probatoria) taken from a specific known point in a codex (for example the first few words on the second leaf). Since these words will differ from one copy of a text to another, the practice originated in the middle ages of using them when cataloguing a manuscript in order to distinguish individual copies of a work in a way which its opening words could not.

<secFol>(ando-)ssene in una villa</secFol>

⚓︎

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TEI: Heraldry⚓︎11.3.8. Heraldry

Descriptions of heraldic arms, supporters, devices, and mottos may appear at various points in the description of a manuscript, usually in the context of ownership information, binding descriptions, or detailed accounts of illustrations. A full description may also contain a detailed account of the heraldic components of a manuscript independently considered. Frequently, however, heraldic descriptions will be cited as short phrases within other parts of the record. The phrase level element heraldry is provided to allow such phrases to be marked for further analysis, as in the following examples:

<p>Ownership stamp (xvii cent.) on i recto with the arms <heraldry>A bull
   passant within a bordure bezanty, in chief a crescent for difference</heraldry>
[Cole], crest, and the legend <quote>Cole Deum</quote>.</p>
<!-- ... -->
<p>A c. 8r fregio su due lati, <heraldry>stemma e imprese medicee</heraldry>
racchiudono l'inizio dell'epistolario di Paolino.</p>

⚓︎

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TEI: The Manuscript Identifier⚓︎11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

The msIdentifier element is intended to provide an unambiguous means of uniquely identifying a particular manuscript. This may be done in a structured way, by providing information about the holding institution and the call number, shelfmark, or other identifier used to indicate its location within that institution. Alternatively, or in addition, a manuscript may be identified simply by a commonly used name.

msIdentifier (manuscript identifier) contains the information required to identify the manuscript or similar object being described.

A manuscript's actual physical location may occasionally be different from its place of ownership; at Cambridge University, for example, manuscripts owned by various colleges are kept in the central University Library. Normally, it is the ownership of the manuscript which should be specified in the manuscript identifier, while additional or more precise information on the physical location of the manuscript can be given within the adminInfo element, discussed in section 11.9.1. Administrative Information below.

The following elements are available within msIdentifier to identify the holding institution:

country (country) contains the name of a geo-political unit, such as a nation, country, colony, or commonwealth, larger than or administratively superior to a region and smaller than a bloc.

region (region) contains the name of an administrative unit such as a state, province, or county, larger than a settlement, but smaller than a country.

settlement (settlement) contains the name of a settlement such as a city, town, or village identified as a single geo-political or administrative unit.

institution (institution) contains the name of an organization such as a university or library, with which a manuscript or other object is identified, generally its holding institution.

repository (repository) contains the name of a repository within which manuscripts or other objects are stored, possibly forming part of an institution.

These elements are all structurally equivalent to the standard TEI name element with an appropriate value for its type attribute; however the use of this ‘syntactic sugar’ enables the model for msIdentifier to be constrained rather more tightly than would otherwise be possible. Specifically, only one of each of the elements listed above may appear within the msIdentifier and they must, if present, appear in the order given.

Like name, these elements are all also members of the attribute class att.canonical, and thus can use the attributes key or ref to reference a single standardized source of information about the entity named.

The following elements are used within msIdentifier to provide different ways of identifying the manuscript within its holding institution:

collection (collection) contains the name of a collection of manuscripts or other objects, not necessarily located within a single repository.

idno (identifier) supplies any form of identifier used to identify some object, such as a bibliographic item, a person, a title, an organization, etc. in a standardized way.

altIdentifier (alternative identifier) contains an alternative or former structured identifier used for a manuscript or other object, such as a former catalogue number.

msName (manuscript name) contains a proper noun or noun phrase used for a manuscript, or other object, as opposed to a formal identification number or classmark.

Major manuscript repositories will usually have a preferred form of citation for manuscript shelfmarks, including rules about punctuation, spacing, abbreviation, etc., which should be adhered to. Where such a format also contains information which might additionally be supplied as a distinct subcomponent of the msIdentifier, for example a collection name, a decision must be taken as to whether to use the more specific element, or to include such information within the idno element. For example, the manuscript formally identified as ‘El 26 C 9’ forms a part of the Ellesmere (‘El’) collection. Either of the following encodings is therefore feasible:

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>El</collection>
 <idno>26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

⚓︎

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

⚓︎

In the former example, the preferred form of the identifier can be retrieved by prefixing the content of the idno element with that of the collection element, while in the latter it is given explicitly. The advantage of the former is that it simplifies accurate retrieval of all manuscripts from a given collection; the disadvantage is that encoded abbreviations of this kind may not be as immediately comprehensible. Care should be taken to avoid redundancy: for example

<collection>El</collection>
<idno>El 26 C 9</idno>

⚓︎

would clearly be inappropriate. Equally clearly,

<collection>Ellesmere</collection>
<idno>El 26 C 9</idno>

⚓︎

might be considered helpful in some circumstances (if, for example, some of the items in the Ellesmere collection had shelfmarks which did not begin ‘El’).

In some cases the shelfmark may contain no information about the collection; in other cases, the item may be regarded as belonging to more than one collection. The collection element may be added, and repeated as often as necessary to cater for such situations:

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Hungary</country>
 <settlement>Budapest</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr"> Bibliothèque de l'Académie des Sciences de Hongrie </repository>
 <collection>Oriental Collection</collection>
 <collection>Sandor Kégl Bequest</collection>
 <idno>MS 1265</idno>
</msIdentifier>

⚓︎

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>New Jersey</region>
 <settlement>Princeton</settlement>
 <repository>Princeton University Library</repository>
 <collection>Scheide Library</collection>
 <idno>MS 71</idno>
 <msName>Blickling Homiliary</msName>
</msIdentifier>

⚓︎

Note in the latter case the use of the msName element to provide a common name other than the shelfmark by which a manuscript is known. Where a manuscript has several such names, more than one of these elements may be used, as in the following example:

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Danmark</country>
 <settlement>København</settlement>
 <repository>Det Arnamagnæanske Institut</repository>
 <idno>AM 45 fol.</idno>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Frisianus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="is">Fríssbók</msName>
</msIdentifier>

⚓︎

Here the globally available xml:lang attribute has been used to specify the language of the alternative names.

In very rare cases a repository may have only one manuscript (or only one of any significance), which will have no shelfmark as such but will be known by a particular name or names. In such circumstances, the idno element may be omitted, and the manuscript identified by the name or names used for it, using one or more msName elements, as in the following example:

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Rossano</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="it">Biblioteca arcivescovile</repository>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Rossanensis</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex purpureus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="en">The Rossano Gospels</msName>
</msIdentifier>

⚓︎

If a manuscript name contains a name or referencing string that it is useful to annotate (e.g. by referring to an authority list) then name or rs may be used for this purpose.

Where manuscripts have moved from one institution to another, or even within the same institution, they may have identifiers additional to the ones currently used, such as former shelfmarks, which are sometimes retained even after they have been officially superseded. In such cases it may be useful to supply an alternative identifier, with a detailed structure similar to that of the msIdentifier itself. The following example shows a manuscript which had shelfmark II-M-5 in the collection of the Duque de Osuna, but which now has the shelfmark MS 10237 in the National Library in Madrid:

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Madrid</settlement>
 <repository>Biblioteca Nacional</repository>
 <idno>MS 10237</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <region>Andalucia</region>
  <settlement>Osuna</settlement>
  <repository>Duque de Osuna</repository>
  <idno>II-M-5</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

⚓︎

Normally, such information would be dealt with under history, except in cases where a manuscript is likely still to be referred to or known by its former identifier. For example, an institution may have changed its call number system but still wish to retain a record of the earlier number, perhaps because the manuscript concerned is frequently cited in print under its previous number:

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Berkeley</settlement>
 <institution>University of California</institution>
 <repository>Bancroft Library</repository>
 <idno>UCB 16</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>2MS BS1145 I8</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

⚓︎

Where (as in this example) no repository is specified for the altIdentifier, it is assumed to be the same as that of the parent msIdentifier. Where the holding institution has only one preferred form of citation but wishes to retain the other for internal administrative purposes, the secondary could be given within altIdentifier with an appropriate value on the type attribute:

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
 <altIdentifier type="SC">
  <idno>2297</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

⚓︎

It might, however, be preferable to include such information within the adminInfo element discussed in section 11.9.1. Administrative Information below.

Cases of such changed or alternative identifiers should be clearly distinguished from cases of ‘fragmented’ (11.11. Manuscript Fragments) manuscripts, that is to say manuscripts which although physically disjoint are nevertheless generally treated as single units.

As mentioned above, the smallest possible description is one that contains only the element msIdentifier; good practice in all but exceptional circumstances requires the presence within it of the three sub-elements settlement, repository, and idno, since they provide what is, by common consent, the minimum amount of information necessary to identify a manuscript.

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TEI: The Manuscript Heading⚓︎11.5. The Manuscript Heading

Historically, the briefest possible meaningful description of a manuscript consists of no more than a title, e.g. Polychronicon. This will often have been enough to identify a manuscript in a small collection because the identity of the author is implicit. Where a title does not imply the author, and is thus insufficient to identify the main text of a manuscript, the author should be stated explicitly (e.g. Augustinus, Sermones or Cicero, Letters). Many inventories of manuscripts consist of no more than an author and title, with some form of copy-specific identifier, such as a shelfmark or ‘secundo folio’ reference (e.g. Arch. B. 3. 2: Evangelium Matthei cum glossa, 126. Isidori Originum libri octo, Biblia Hieronimi, 2o fo. opus est); information on date and place of writing will sometimes also be included. The standard TEI element head element can be used to provide a brief description of this kind.

head (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section, or the heading of a list, glossary, manuscript description, etc.

In this way the cataloguer or scholar can supply in one place a minimum of essential information, such as might be displayed or printed as the heading of a full description. For example:

<head>Marsilius de Inghen, Abbreviata phisicorum Aristotelis; Italy,
1463.</head>

⚓︎

Any phrase-level elements, such as title, name, date, or the specialized elements origPlace and origDate, can also be used within a head element, but it should be remembered that the head element is intended principally to contain a heading. More structured information concerning the contents, physical form, or history of the manuscript should be given within the specialized elements described below, msContents, physDesc, history, etc. However, in simple cases, the p element may also be used to supply an unstructured collection of such information, as in the example given above (11.2. The Manuscript Description Element).

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TEI: Intellectual Content⚓︎11.6. Intellectual Content

The msContents element is used to describe the intellectual content of a manuscript or manuscript part. It comprises either a series of informal prose paragraphs or a series of msItem or msItemStruct elements, each of which provides a more detailed description of a single item contained within the manuscript. These may be prefaced, if desired, by a summary element, which is especially useful where one wishes to provide an overview of a manuscript's contents and describe only some of the items in detail.

msContents (manuscript contents) describes the intellectual content of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object either as a series of paragraphs or as a series of structured manuscript items.

msItem (manuscript item) describes an individual work or item within the intellectual content of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

msItemStruct (structured manuscript item) contains a structured description for an individual work or item within the intellectual content of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

summary contains an overview of the available information concerning some aspect of an item or object (for example, its intellectual content, history, layout, typography etc.) as a complement or alternative to the more detailed information carried by more specific elements.

In the simplest case, only a brief description may be provided, as in the following examples:

<msContents>
 <p>A collection of Lollard sermons</p>
</msContents>

⚓︎

<msContents>
 <p>Atlas of the world from Western Europe and Africa to Indochina, containing 27
   maps and 26 tables</p>
</msContents>

⚓︎

<msContents>
 <p>Biblia sacra: Antiguo y Nuevo Testamento, con prefacios, prólogos y
   argumentos de san Jerónimo y de otros. Interpretaciones de los nombres
   hebreos.</p>
</msContents>

⚓︎

This description may of course be expanded to include any of the TEI elements generally available within a p element, such as title, bibl, or list. More usually, however, each individual work within a manuscript will be given its own description, using the msItem or msItemStruct element described in the next section, as in the following example:

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r -7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v -8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="fr">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v -11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation
     throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

⚓︎

The summary element may be used in conjunction with one or more msItem elements if it is desired to provide both a general summary of the contents of a manuscript and more detail about some or all of the individual items within it. It may not however be used within an individual msItem element.

<msContents>
 <summary>A collection of Lollard sermons</summary>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fol. 4r-8r</locus>
  <title>3rd Sunday Before Lent</title>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fol. 9r-16v</locus>
  <title>Sexagesima</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

⚓︎

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TEI: The msItem and msItemStruct Elements⚓︎11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

Each discrete item in a manuscript or manuscript part can be described within a distinct msItem or msItemStruct element, and may be classified using the class attribute.

These are the possible component elements of msItem and msItemStruct.

author (author) in a bibliographic reference, contains the name(s) of an author, personal or corporate, of a work; for example in the same form as that provided by a recognized bibliographic name authority.

respStmt (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. May also be used to encode information about individuals or organizations which have played a role in the production or distribution of a bibliographic work.

title (title) contains a title for any kind of work.

type
classifies the title according to some convenient typology. Sample values include: 1] main; 2] sub (subordinate); 3] alt (alternate); 4] short; 5] desc (descriptive)

rubric (rubric) contains the text of any rubric or heading attached to a particular manuscript item, that is, a string of words through which a manuscript or other object signals the beginning of a text division, often with an assertion as to its author and title, which is in some way set off from the text itself, typically in red ink, or by use of different size or type of script, or some other such visual device.

incipit contains the incipit of a manuscript or similar object item, that is the opening words of the text proper, exclusive of any rubric which might precede it, of sufficient length to identify the work uniquely; such incipits were, in former times, frequently used a means of reference to a work, in place of a title.

quote (quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text.

explicit (explicit) contains the explicit of a item, that is, the closing words of the text proper, exclusive of any rubric or colophon which might follow it.

finalRubric (final rubric) contains the string of words that denotes the end of a text division, often with an assertion as to its author and title, usually set off from the text itself by red ink, by a different size or type of script, or by some other such visual device.

colophon (colophon) contains the colophon of an item: that is, a statement providing information regarding the date, place, agency, or reason for production of the manuscript or other object.

decoNote (note on decoration) contains a note describing either a decorative component of a manuscript or other object, or a fairly homogenous class of such components.

listBibl (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind.

bibl (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged.

filiation (filiation) contains information concerning the manuscript or other object's filiation, i.e. its relationship to other surviving manuscripts or other objects of the same text or contents, its protographs, antigraphs and apographs.

note (note) contains a note or annotation.

textLang (text language) describes the languages and writing systems identified within the bibliographic work being described, rather than its description.

In addition, an msItemStruct may contain nested msItemStruct elements, just as an msItem may contain nested msItem elements.

The main difference between msItem and msItemStruct is that in the former, the order and number of child elements is not constrained; any element, in other words, may be given in any order, and repeated as often as is judged necessary. In the latter, however, the sub-elements, if used, must be given in the order specified above and only some of them may be repeated; specifically, rubric, finalRubric. incipit, textLang and explicit can appear only once.

While neither msItem nor msItemStruct may contain untagged running text, both permit an unstructured description to be provided in the form of one or more paragraphs of text. They differ in this respect also: if paragraphs are supplied as the content of an msItem, then none of the other component elements listed above is permitted; in the msItemStruct case, however, paragraphs may appear anywhere as an alternative to any of the component elements listed above.

As noted above, both msItem and msItemStruct elements may also nest, where a number of separate items in a manuscript are grouped under a single title or rubric, as is the case, for example, with a work like The Canterbury Tales.

The elements msContents, msItem, msItemStruct, incipit, and explicit are all members of the class att.msExcerpt from which they inherit the defective attribute.

att.msExcerpt (manuscript excerpt) provides attributes used to describe excerpts from a manuscript placed in a description thereof.

defective
indicates whether the passage being quoted is defective, i.e. incomplete through loss or damage.

This attribute can be used for example with collections of fragments, where each fragment is given as a separate msItem and the first and last words of each fragment are transcribed as defective incipits and explicits, as in the following example, a manuscript containing four fragments of a single work:

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

⚓︎

The elements ex, am, and expan used in the above example are further discussed in section 12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion; they are available only when the transcr module defined by that chapter is selected. Similarly, the g element used in this example to represent the abbreviation mark is defined by the gaiji module documented in chapter 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes.

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TEI: Authors and Titles⚓︎11.6.2. Authors and Titles

When used within a manuscript description, the title element should be used to supply a regularized form of the item's title, as distinct from any rubric quoted from the manuscript. If the item concerned has a standardized distinctive title, e.g. Roman de la Rose, then this should be the form given as content of the title element, with the value of the type attribute given as uniform. If no uniform title exists for an item, or none has been yet identified, or if one wishes to provide a general designation of the contents, then a ‘supplied’ title can be given, e.g. missal, in which case the type attribute on the title should be given the value supplied.

Similarly, if used within a manuscript description, the author element should always contain the normalized form of an author's name, irrespective of how (or whether) this form of the name is cited in the manuscript. If it is desired to retain the form of the author's name as given in the manuscript, this may be tagged as a distinct name element, within the text at the point where it occurs.

Note that the key attribute can also be used, as on names in general, to specify the identifier of a person element carrying full details of the person concerned (see further 11.3.6. Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations).

The respStmt element can be used to supply the name and role of a person other than the author who is responsible for some aspect of the intellectual content of the manuscript:

<author>Diogenes Laertius</author>
<respStmt>
 <resp>in the translation of</resp>
 <name>Ambrogio Traversari</name>
</respStmt>

⚓︎

The respStmt element can also be used where there is a discrepancy between the author of an item as given in the manuscript and the accepted scholarly view, as in the following example:

<title type="supplied">Sermons on the Epistles and the Gospels</title>
<respStmt>
 <resp>here erroneously attributed to</resp>
 <name>St. Bonaventura</name>
</respStmt>

⚓︎

Note that such attributions of authorship, both correct and incorrect, are frequently found in the rubric or final rubric (and occasionally also elsewhere in the text), and can therefore be transcribed and included in the description, if desired, using the rubric, finalRubric, or quote elements, as appropriate.

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TEI: Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text⚓︎11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

It is customary in a manuscript description to record the opening and closing words of a text as well as any headings or colophons it might have, and the specialized elements rubric, incipit, explicit, finalRubric, and colophon are available within msItem for doing so, along with the more general quote, for recording other bits of the text not covered by these elements. Each of these elements has the same substructure, containing a mixture of phrase-level elements and plain text. A locus element can be included within each, in order to specify the location of the component, as in the following example:

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <locus>f. 1-223</locus>
  <author>Radulphus Flaviacensis</author>
  <title>Expositio super Leviticum </title>
  <incipit>
   <locus>f. 1r</locus> Forte Hervei monachi</incipit>
  <explicit>
   <locus>f. 223v</locus> Benedictio salis et aquae</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

⚓︎

In the following example, standard TEI elements for the transcription of primary sources have been used to mark the expansion of abbreviations and other features present in the original:

<msItem defective="true">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title type="uniform">Ágrip af Noregs konunga sǫgum</title>
 <incipit defective="true">
  <lb/>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> seti ho<gap reason="illegible" quantity="7"
   unit="mm"/>
  <lb/>sc heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit defective="true">h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex> þa buit hesta .ij.
 <lb/>annan viþ fé en h<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> annan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
</msItem>

⚓︎

Note here also the use of the defective attribute on incipit and explicit to indicate that the text begins and ends defectively.

The xml:lang attribute for colophon, explicit, incipit, quote, and rubric may always be used to identify the language of the text quoted, if this is different from the default language specified by the mainLang attribute on textLang.

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TEI: Filiation⚓︎11.6.4. Filiation

The filiation element can be used to provide information on the relationship between the manuscript and other surviving manuscripts of the same text, either specifically or in a general way, as in the following example:

<msItem>
 <locus>118rb</locus>
 <incipit>Ecce morior cum nichil horum ... <ref>[Dn 13, 43]</ref>. Verba ista
   dixit Susanna de illis</incipit>
 <explicit>ut bonum comune conservatur.</explicit>
 <bibl>Schneyer 3, 436 (Johannes Contractus OFM)</bibl>
 <filiation>weitere Überl. Uppsala C 181, 35r.</filiation>
</msItem>

⚓︎

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TEI: Text Classification⚓︎11.6.5. Text Classification

One or more text classification or text-type codes may be specified, either for the whole of the msContents element, or for one or more of its constituent msItem elements, using the class attribute as specified above:

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1" defective="false"
  class="#law">
  <locus from="1v" to="71v">1v-71v</locus>
  <title type="uniform">Jónsbók</title>
  <incipit>Magnus m<ex>ed</ex> guds miskun Noregs k<ex>onungu</ex>r</incipit>
  <explicit>en<ex>n</ex> u<ex>ir</ex>da þo t<ex>il</ex> fullra aura</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

⚓︎

The value used for the class attribute in this example points to a category element with the identifier law, which defines the classification concerned. Such category elements will typically appear within a taxonomy element, within the classDecl element of the TEI header (2.3.7. The Classification Declaration) as in the following example:

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy>
<!-- -->
  <category xml:id="law">
   <catDesc>Legislation</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="war">
   <catDesc>Military topics</catDesc>
  </category>
<!-- -->
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>

⚓︎

More than one classification may apply to a single item. Another text, concerned with legislation about military topics might thus be specified as follows:

<msItem class="#law #war">
 <p>A treatise on Clausewitz</p>
<!-- details of the item here -->
</msItem>

⚓︎

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TEI: Languages and Writing Systems⚓︎11.6.6. Languages and Writing Systems

The textLang element should be used to provide information about the languages used within a manuscript item. It may take the form of a simple note, as in the following example:

<textLang>Old Church Slavonic, written in Cyrillic script.</textLang>

⚓︎

Where, for validation and indexing purposes, it is thought convenient to add keywords identifying the particular languages used, the mainLang attribute may be used. This attribute takes the same range of values as the global xml:lang attribute, on which see further vi.1. Language Identification. In the following example a manuscript written chiefly in Old Church Slavonic is described:

<textLang mainLang="cu">Old Church Slavonic</textLang>

⚓︎

A manuscript item will sometimes contain material in more than one language. The mainLang attribute should be used only for the chief language. Other languages used may be specified using the otherLangs attribute as in the following example:

<textLang mainLang="cu" otherLangs="ru grc">Mostly Old Church Slavonic, with
some Russian and Greek material</textLang>

⚓︎

Since Old Church Slavonic may be written in either Cyrillic or Glagolitic scripts, and even occasionally in both within the same manuscript, it might be preferable to use a more explicit identifier:

<textLang mainLang="cu-Cyrs">Old Church Slavonic in Cyrillic script</textLang>

⚓︎

The form and scope of language identifiers recommended by these Guidelines is based on the IANA standard described at vi.1. Language Identification and should be followed throughout. Where additional detail is needed correctly to describe a language, or to discuss its deployment in a given text, this should be done using the langUsage element in the TEI header, within which individual language elements document the languages used: see 2.4.2. Language Usage.

Note that the language element defines a particular combination of human language and writing system. Only one language element may be supplied for each such combination. Standard TEI practice also allows this element to be referenced by any element using the global xml:lang attribute in order to specify the language applicable to the content of that element. For example, assuming that language elements have been defined with the identifiers fr (for French), la (for Latin), and de (for German), a manuscript description written in French which specifies that a particular manuscript contains predominantly German but also some Latin material, might have a textLang element like the following:

<textLang xml:lang="fr" mainLang="de"
 otherLangs="la">allemand et
latin</textLang>

⚓︎

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TEI: Physical Description⚓︎11.7. Physical Description

Under the general heading ‘physical description’ we subsume a large number of different aspects generally regarded as useful in the description of a given manuscript. These include:

aspects of the form, support, extent, and quire structure of the manuscript object and of the way in which the text is laid out on the page (11.7.1. Object Description);

the styles of writing, such as the way it is laid out on the page, the styles of writing, decorative features, any musical notation employed and any annotations or marginalia (11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations);

and discussion of its binding, seals, and any accompanying material (11.7.3. Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material).

Most manuscript descriptions touch on several of these categories of information though few include them all, and not all distinguish them as clearly as we propose here. In particular, it is often the case that an existing description will include information for which we propose distinct elements within a single paragraph, or even sentence. The encoder must then decide whether to rewrite the description using the structure proposed here, or to retain the existing prose, marked up simply as a series of p elements, directly within the physDesc element.

The physDesc element may thus be used in either of two distinct ways. It may contain a series of paragraphs addressing topics listed above and similar ones. Alternatively, it may act as a container for any choice of the more specialized elements described in the remainder of this section, each of which itself contains a series of paragraphs, and may also have more specific attributes.

In general, it is not recommended to combine unstructured prose description with usage of the more specialized elements, as such an approach complicates processing, and may lead to inconsistency within a single manuscript description. A single physDesc element will normally contain either a series of model.pLike elements, or a sequence of specialized elements from the model.physDescPart class. There are however circumstances in which this is not feasible, for example:

the description already exists in a prose form where some of the specialized topics are treated together in paragraphs of prose, but others are treated distinctly;

although all parts of the description are clearly distinguished, some of them cannot be mapped to a pre-existing specialized element.

In such situations, both specialized and generic (model.pLike) elements may be combined in a single physDesc. Note however that all generic elements given must precede the first specialized element in the description. Thus the following is valid:

<physDesc>
 <p>Generic descriptive prose...</p>
<!-- other generic elements here -->
 <objectDesc form="codex">
<!-- ... -->
 </objectDesc>
<!-- other specific elements here -->
</physDesc>

⚓︎

but neither of the following is valid:

<physDesc> <objectDesc form="codex">  <!-- ... --> </objectDesc> <p>Generic descriptive prose...</p> </physDesc>

⚓︎

<physDesc> <objectDesc form="codex">    <!-- ... --> </objectDesc> <p>Generic descriptive prose...</p> <!-- other specific elements here --> </physDesc>

⚓︎

The order in which specific elements may appear is also constrained by the content model; again this is for simplicity of processing. They may of course be processed or displayed in any desired order, but for ease of validation, they must be given in the order specified below.

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TEI: Object Description⚓︎11.7.1. Object Description

The objectDesc element is used to group together those parts of the physical description which relate specifically to the text-bearing object, its format, constitution, layout, etc. The objectDesc element is used for grouping elements relating to the physicality of a text-bearing object as part of a manuscript description. If a full description of an object (text-bearing or not) is desired, the more general object element may be preferred.

The form attribute is used to indicate the specific type of writing vehicle being described, for example, as a codex, roll, tablet, etc. If used it must appear first in the sequence of specialized elements. The objectDesc element has two parts: a description of the support, i.e. the physical carrier on which the text is inscribed; and a description of the layout, i.e. the way text is organized on the carrier.

Taking these in turn, the description of the support is tagged using the following elements, each of which is discussed in more detail below:

supportDesc (support description) groups elements describing the physical support for the written part of a manuscript or other object.

support (support) contains a description of the materials etc. which make up the physical support for the written part of a manuscript or other object.

extent (extent) describes the approximate size of a text stored on some carrier medium or of some other object, digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units.

collation (collation) contains a description of how the leaves, bifolia, or similar objects are physically arranged.

foliation (foliation) describes the numbering system or systems used to count the leaves or pages in a codex or similar object.

condition (condition) contains a description of the physical condition of the manuscript or object.

Each of these elements contains paragraphs relating to the topic concerned. Within these paragraphs, phrase-level elements (in particular those discussed above at 11.3. Phrase-level Elements), may be used to tag specific terms of interest if so desired.

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc>
  <p>Mostly <material>paper</material>, with watermarks
  <watermark>unicorn</watermark> (<ref>Briquet 9993</ref>) and
  <watermark>ox</watermark> (close to <ref>Briquet 2785</ref>). The first and last
     leaf of each quire, with the exception of quires xvi and xviii, are constituted
     by bifolia of parchment, and all seven miniatures have been painted on inserted
     singletons of parchment.</p>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

⚓︎

This example combines information which might alternatively be more precisely tagged using the more specific elements described in the following subsections.

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TEI: Support⚓︎11.7.1.1. Support

The support element groups together information about the physical carrier. Typically, for western manuscripts, this will entail discussion of the material (parchment, paper, or a combination of the two) written on. For paper, a discussion of any watermarks present may also be useful. If this discussion makes reference to standard catalogues of such items, these may be tagged using the standard ref element as in the following example:

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Paper</material> with watermark: <watermark>anchor in a circle with
     star on top</watermark>, <watermark>countermark B-B with trefoil</watermark>
   similar to <ref>Mošin, Anchor N 1680</ref>
  <date>1570-1585</date>.</p>
</support>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Extent⚓︎11.7.1.2. Extent

The extent element, defined in the TEI header, may also be used in a manuscript description to specify the number of leaves a manuscript contains, as in the following example:

<extent>ii + 97 + ii</extent>

⚓︎

Information regarding the size of the leaves may be specifically marked using the phrase level dimensions element, as in the following example, or left as plain prose.

<extent>ii + 321 leaves <dimensions unit="cm">
  <height>35</height>
  <width>27</width>
 </dimensions>
</extent>

⚓︎

Alternatively, the generic measure element might be used within extent, as in the following example:

<extent>
 <measure type="composition" unit="leaf"
  quantity="10">10 Bl.</measure>
 <measure type="height" quantity="37"
  unit="cm">37</measure> x <measure type="width" quantity="29"
  unit="cm">29</measure> cm
</extent>

⚓︎

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TEI: Collation⚓︎11.7.1.3. Collation

The collation element should be used to provide a description of a book's current and original structure, that is, the arrangement of its leaves and quires. This information may be conveyed using informal prose, or any appropriate notational convention. Although no specific notation is defined here, an appropriate element to enclose such an expression would be the formula element, which is provided when the figures module is included in a schema. Here are some examples of different ways of treating collation:

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-3:8, 4:6, 5-13:8</formula>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>There are now four gatherings, the first, second and fourth originally
   consisting of eight leaves, the third of seven. A fifth gathering thought to
   have followed has left no trace. <list>
   <item>Gathering I consists of 7 leaves, a first leaf, originally conjoint with
   <locus>fol. 7</locus>, having been cut away leaving only a narrow strip along
       the gutter; the others, <locus>fols 1</locus> and <locus>6</locus>,
   <locus>2</locus> and <locus>5</locus>, and <locus>3</locus> and
   <locus>4</locus>, are bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering II consists of 8 leaves, 4 bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering III consists of 7 leaves; <locus>fols 16</locus> and
   <locus>22</locus> are conjoint, the others singletons.</item>
   <item>Gathering IV consists of 2 leaves, a bifolium.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>I (1, 2+9, 3+8, 4+7, 5+6, 10); II (11, 12+17, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18,
   19).</p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8
     9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
 </p>
</collation>

⚓︎

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TEI: Foliation⚓︎11.7.1.4. Foliation

The foliation element may be used to indicate the scheme, medium or location of folio, page, column, or line numbers written in the manuscript, frequently including a statement about when and, if known, by whom, the numbering was done.

<foliation>
 <p>Neuere Foliierung, die auch das Vorsatzblatt mitgezählt
   hat.</p>
</foliation>
<foliation>
 <p>Folio numbers were added in brown ink by Árni Magnússon ca.
   1720-1730 in the upper right corner of all recto-pages.</p>
</foliation>

⚓︎

Where a manuscript contains traces of more than one foliation, each should be recorded as a distinct foliation element and optionally given a distinct value for its xml:id attribute. The locus element discussed in 11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript can then indicate which foliation scheme is being cited by means of its scheme attribute, which points to this identifier:

<foliation xml:id="original">
 <p>Original foliation in red roman numerals in the
   middle of the outer margin of each recto</p>
</foliation>
<foliation xml:id="modern">
 <p>Foliated in pencil in the top right corner of each
   recto page.</p>
</foliation>
<!-- ... -->
<locus scheme="#modern">ff 1-20</locus>

⚓︎

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TEI: Condition⚓︎11.7.1.5. Condition

The condition element is used to summarize the overall physical state of a manuscript, in particular where such information is not recorded elsewhere in the description. It should not, however, be used to describe changes or repairs to a manuscript, as these are more appropriately described as a part of its custodial history (see 11.9.1.2. Availability and Custodial History). It should be supplied within the supportDesc element, if it discusses the condition of the physical support of the manuscript; within the bindingDesc or binding elements (11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions) if it discusses only the condition of the binding or bindings concerned; or within the sealDesc element if it discusses the condition of any seal attached to the manuscript.

<supportDesc>
 <condition>
  <p>The manuscript shows signs of damage from water and mould on its
     outermost leaves.</p>
 </condition>
</supportDesc>

⚓︎

<condition>
 <p>Despite tears on many of the leaves the codex is reasonably well
   preserved. The top and the bottom of f. 1 is damaged, and only a thin slip is
   left of the original second leaf (now foliated as 1bis). The lower margin of f.
   92 has been cut away. There is a lacuna of one leaf between ff. 193 and 194. The
   manuscript ends defectively (there are approximately six leaves
   missing).</p>
</condition>

⚓︎

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TEI: Layout Description⚓︎11.7.1.6. Layout Description

The second part of the objectDesc element is the layoutDesc element, which is used to describe and document the mise-en-page of the manuscript, that is the way in which text and illumination are arranged on the page, specifying for example the number of written, ruled, or pricked lines and columns per page, size of margins, distinct textual streams such as glosses, commentaries, etc. This may be given as a simple series of paragraphs. Alternatively, one or more different layouts may be identified within a single manuscript, each described by its own layout element.

layoutDesc (layout description) collects the set of layout descriptions applicable to a manuscript or other object.

layout (layout) describes how text is laid out on the page or surface of the object, including information about any ruling, pricking, or other evidence of page-preparation techniques.

Where the layout element is used, the layout will often be sufficiently regular for the attributes on this element to convey all that is necessary; more usually however a more detailed treatment will be required. The attributes are provided as a convenient shorthand for commonly occurring cases, and should not be used except where the layout is regular. The value NA (not-applicable) should be used for cases where the layout is either very irregular, or where it cannot be characterized simply in terms of lines and columns, for example, where blocks of commentary and text are arranged in a regular but complex pattern on each page

The following examples indicate the range of possibilities:

<layout ruledLines="25 32">
 <p>Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled in lead.</p>
</layout>
<layout columns="1" writtenLines="24">
 <p>Written in one column throughout; 24 lines per page.</p>
</layout>
<layout>
 <p>Written in 3 columns, with 8 lines of text and interlinear glosses in
   the centre, and up to 26 lines of gloss in the outer two columns. Double
   vertical bounding lines ruled in hard point on hair side. Text lines ruled
   faintly in lead. Remains of prickings in upper, lower, and outer (for 8 lines of
   text only) margins.</p>
</layout>

⚓︎

Where multiple layout elements are supplied, the scope for each specification can be indicated by means of locus elements within the content of the element, as in the following example:

<layoutDesc>
 <layout ruledLines="25 32">
  <p>On <locus from="1r" to="202v">fols 1r-200v</locus> and <locus from="210r" to="212v">fols 210r-212v</locus> there are between 25 and 32 ruled lines.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout ruledLines="34 50">
  <p>On <locus from="203r" to="209v">fols 203r-209v</locus> there are between 34
     and 50 ruled lines.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations⚓︎11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations

The second group of elements within a structured physical description concerns aspects of the writing, illumination, or other notation (notably, music) found in a manuscript, including additions made in later hands—the ‘text’, as it were, as opposed to the carrier.

handDesc (description of hands) contains a description of all the different hands used in a manuscript or other object.

handNote (note on hand) describes a particular style or hand distinguished within a manuscript.

scriptDesc (script description) contains a description of the scripts used in a manuscript or other object.

scriptNote describes a particular script distinguished within the description of a manuscript or similar resource.

typeDesc (typeface description) contains a description of the typefaces or other aspects of the printing of an incunable or other printed source.

typeNote (typographic note) describes a particular font or other significant typographic feature distinguished within the description of a printed resource.

decoDesc (decoration description) contains a description of the decoration of a manuscript or other object, either as in paragraphs, or as one or more decoNote elements.

decoNote (note on decoration) contains a note describing either a decorative component of a manuscript or other object, or a fairly homogenous class of such components.

musicNotation (music notation) contains description of type of musical notation.

additions (additions) contains a description of any significant additions found within a manuscript or other object, such as marginalia or other annotations.

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TEI: Writing⚓︎11.7.2.1. Writing

The handDesc element can contain a short description of the general characteristics of the writing observed in a manuscript, as in the following example:

<handDesc>
 <p>Written in a <term>late Caroline minuscule</term>; versals in a form of
 <term>rustic capitals</term>; although the marginal and interlinear gloss is
   written in varying shades of ink that are not those of the main text, text and
   gloss appear to have been copied during approximately the same time span.</p>
</handDesc>

⚓︎

Note the use of the term element to mark specific technical terms within the context of the handDesc element.

Where several distinct hands have been identified, this fact can be registered by using the hands attribute, as in the following example:

<handDesc hands="2">
 <p>The manuscript is written in two contemporary hands, otherwise unknown, but
   clearly those of practised scribes. Hand I writes ff. 1r-22v and hand II ff. 23
   and 24. Some scholars, notably Verner Dahlerup and Hreinn Benediktsson, have
   argued for a third hand on f. 24, but the evidence for this is
   insubstantial.</p>
</handDesc>

⚓︎

Alternatively, or in addition, where more specific information about one or more of the hands identified is to be recorded, the handNote element should be used, as in the following example:

<handDesc hands="3">
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-1" scope="minor">
  <p>The first part of the manuscript, <locus from="1v" to="72v:4">fols
       1v-72v:4</locus>, is written in a practised Icelandic Gothic bookhand. This hand
     is not found elsewhere.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-2" scope="major">
  <p>The second part of the manuscript, <locus from="72v:4" to="194v">fols
       72v:4-194</locus>, is written in a hand contemporary with the first; it can also
     be found in a fragment of <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>, <ref>AM 20b II
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-3" scope="minor">
  <p>The third hand has written the majority of the chapter headings. This hand
     has been identified as the one also found in <ref>AM 221
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
</handDesc>

⚓︎

Note here the use of the locus element, discussed in section 11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript, to specify exactly which parts of a manuscript are written by a given hand.

When a full or partial transcription of a manuscript is available in addition to the manuscript description, the handShift element described in 12.3.2.1. Document Hands can be used to link the relevant parts of the transcription to the appropriate handNote element in the description: for example, at the point in the transcript where the second hand listed above starts (i.e. at folio 72v:4), we might insert <handShift new="#Eirsp-2"/>.

Additions, notes, drawings etc. (e.g. add, note and figure) made by other hands in the text, can be linked to the corresponding handNote element using the hand attribute.

The elements typeDesc, and typeNote are used to provide information about the printing of a source, in exactly the same way as the handDesc or handNote elements provide information about its writing. They are provided for the convenience of those using this module to provide information about early printed sources and incunables. The typeDesc element can simply provide a summary description:

<typeDesc>
 <p>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</p>
</typeDesc>

⚓︎

Where detailed information about individual typefaces is to be recorded, this may be done using the typeNote element:

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</summary>
 <typeNote>Antiqua typeface, showing influence of Jenson's Venetian
   fonts.</typeNote>
 <typeNote>The black letter face is a variant of Schwabacher.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

⚓︎

Where information is required about both typography and written script, for example where a printed book contains extensive handwritten annotation, both handDesc and typeDesc elements should be supplied. Similarly, in the following example, the source text is a typescript with extensive handwritten annotation:

<typeDesc>
 <typeNote xml:id="TSET">Authorial typescript, probably produced on Eliot's own
   Remington. </typeNote>
</typeDesc>
<handDesc>
 <handNote xml:id="EP" medium="red-ink">Ezra Pound's annotations.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="TSE" medium="black-ink">Commentary in Eliot's hand.</handNote>
</handDesc>

⚓︎

The elements scriptNote and scriptDesc may be used in exactly the same way to document a script used in this and other manuscripts, for example to record that this script was used mainly for the production of books or for charters; or that it is characteristic of some geographical area or scriptorium or date. Such information as the letter forms characteristic of this script may also be recorded. By contrast, the handNote element would be used to document the way that a particular scribe uses a script, for example with long or short descenders, or using a pen which is cut in a different way, or an ink of a given colour, and so forth.

As with typeNote, the scriptNote element can be used in combination with handNote.

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TEI: Decoration⚓︎11.7.2.2. Decoration

It can be difficult to draw a clear distinction between aspects of a manuscript which are purely physical and those which form part of its intellectual content. This is particularly true of illuminations and other forms of decoration in a manuscript. We propose the following elements for the purpose of delimiting discussion of these aspects within a manuscript description, and for convenience locate them all within the physical description, despite the fact that the illustrative features of a manuscript will in many cases also be seen as constituting part of its intellectual content.

The decoDesc element may contain simply one or more paragraphs summarizing the overall nature of the decorative features of the manuscript, as in the following example:

<decoDesc>
 <p>The decoration comprises two full page miniatures, perhaps added by the
   original owner, or slightly later; the original major decoration consists of
   twenty-three large miniatures, illustrating the divisions of the Passion
   narrative and the start of the major texts, and the major divisions of the
   Hours; seventeen smaller miniatures, illustrating the suffrages to saints; and
   seven historiated initials, illustrating the pericopes and major prayers.</p>
</decoDesc>

⚓︎

Alternatively, it may contain a series of more specific typed decoNote elements, each summarizing a particular aspect or individual instance of the decoration present, for example the use of miniatures, initials (historiated or otherwise), borders, diagrams, etc., as in the following example:

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniature">
  <p>One full-page miniature, facing the beginning of the first Penitential
     Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>One seven-line historiated initial, commencing the first Penitential
     Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>Six four-line decorated initials, commencing the second through the seventh
     Penitential Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>Some three hundred two-line versal initials with pen-flourishes, commencing
     the psalm verses.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="border">
  <p>Four-sided border decoration surrounding the miniatures and three-sided
     border decoration accompanying the historiated and decorated initials.</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

⚓︎

Where more exact indexing of the decorative content of a manuscript is required, the standard TEI elements term or index may be used within the prose description to supply or delimit appropriate iconographic terms, as in the following example:

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniatures">
  <p>Fourteen large miniatures with arched tops, above five lines of text: <list>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 14r</locus>Pericopes. <term>St. John writing on Patmos</term>,
         with the Eagle holding his ink-pot and pen-case; some flaking of pigment,
         especially in the sky</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 26r</locus>Hours of the Virgin, Matins.
    <term>Annunciation</term>; Gabriel and the Dove to the right</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 60r</locus>Prime. <term>Nativity</term>; the <term>Virgin and
           Joseph adoring the Child</term>
    </item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 66r</locus>Terce. <term>Annunciation to the Shepherds</term>,
         one with <term>bagpipes</term>
    </item>
<!-- ... -->
   </list>
  </p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: Musical Notation⚓︎11.7.2.3. Musical Notation

Where a manuscript contains music, the musicNotation element may be used to describe the form of notation employed, as in the following examples:

<musicNotation>
 <p>Square notation on 4-line red staves.</p>
</musicNotation>

⚓︎

<musicNotation>
 <p>Neumes in campo aperto of the St. Gall type.</p>
</musicNotation>

⚓︎

If a manuscript employs more than one notation, they must both be described within the same musicNotation element, for example as different list items.

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TEI: Additions and Marginalia⚓︎11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

The additions element can be used to list or describe any additions to the manuscript, such as marginalia, scribblings, doodles, etc., which are considered to be of interest or importance. Such topics may also be discussed or referenced elsewhere in a description, for example in the history element, in cases where the marginalia provide evidence of ownership. Note that this element may not be repeated within a single manuscript description. If several different kinds of additional matter are discussed, the content may be structured as a labelled list or a series of paragraphs. Some examples follow:

<additions>
 <p>Doodles on most leaves, possibly by children, and often quite
   amusing.</p>
</additions>

⚓︎

<additions>
 <p xml:lang="fr">Quelques annotations marginales des XVIe et XVIIe s.</p>
</additions>

⚓︎

<additions>
 <p>The text of this manuscript is not interpolated with sentences from Royal
   decrees promulgated in 1294, 1305 and 1314. In the margins, however, another
   somewhat later scribe has added the relevant paragraphs of these decrees, see
   pp. 8, 24, 44, 47 etc.</p>
 <p>As a humorous gesture the scribe in one opening of the manuscript, pp. 36 and
   37, has prolonged the lower stems of one letter f and five letters þ and has
   them drizzle down the margin.</p>
</additions>

⚓︎

<additions>
 <p>Spaces for initials and chapter headings were left by the scribe but not
   filled in. A later, probably fifteenth-century, hand has added initials and
   chapter headings in greenish-coloured ink on fols <locus>8r</locus>,
 <locus>8v</locus>, <locus>9r</locus>, <locus>10r</locus> and <locus>11r</locus>.
   Although a few of these chapter headings are now rather difficult to read, most
   can be made out, e.g. fol. <locus>8rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">floti ast<ex>ri</ex>d<ex>ar</ex>
  </quote>; fol.
 <locus>9rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">v<ex>m</ex> olaf conung</quote>, and fol.
 <locus>10ra</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">Gipti<ex>n</ex>g ol<ex>a</ex>fs
     k<ex>onun</ex>gs</quote>.</p>
 <p>The manuscript contains the following marginalia: <list>
   <item>Fol. <locus>4v</locus>, left margin: <quote xml:lang="is">hialmadr
    <ex>ok</ex>
     <lb/>brynjadr</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, imitating an addition made
       to the text by the scribe at this point.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>5r</locus>, lower margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þ<ex>e</ex>tta
         þiki m<ex>er</ex> v<ex>er</ex>a gott blek en<ex>n</ex>da kan<ex>n</ex> ek icki
         betr sia</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, probably the same as that on the
       previous page.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>9v</locus>, bottom margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þessa bok
         uilda eg <sic>gæt</sic> lært med
    <lb/>an Gud gefe myer Gott ad
    <lb/>læra</quote>; seventeenth-century hand.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
 <p>There are in addition a number of illegible scribbles in a later hand (or
   hands) on fols <locus>2r</locus>, <locus>3r</locus>, <locus>5v</locus> and
 <locus>19r</locus>.</p>
</additions>

⚓︎

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TEI: Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material⚓︎11.7.3. Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material

The third major component of the physical description relates to supporting but distinct physical components, such as bindings, seals and accompanying material. These may be described using the following specialist elements:

bindingDesc (binding description) describes the present and former bindings of a manuscript or other object, either as a series of paragraphs or as a series of distinct binding elements, one for each binding of the manuscript.

binding (binding) contains a description of one binding, i.e. type of covering, boards, etc. applied to a manuscript or other object.

sealDesc (seal description) describes the seals or similar items related to the object described, either as a series of paragraphs or as a series of seal elements.

seal (seal) contains a description of one seal or similar applied to the object described.

accMat (accompanying material) contains details of any significant additional material which may be closely associated with the manuscript or object being described, such as non-contemporaneous documents or fragments bound in with it at some earlier historical period.

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TEI: Binding Descriptions⚓︎11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions

The bindingDesc element contains a description of the state of the present and former bindings of a manuscript, including information about its material, any distinctive marks, and provenance information. This may be given as a series of paragraphs if only one binding is being described, or as a series of distinct binding elements, each describing a distinct binding where these are separately described. For example:

<bindingDesc>
 <p>Sewing not visible; tightly rebound over 19th-century pasteboards, reusing
   panels of 16th-century brown leather with gilt tooling à la fanfare, Paris c.
   1580-90, the centre of each cover inlaid with a 17th-century oval medallion of
   red morocco tooled in gilt (perhaps replacing the identifying mark of a previous
   owner); the spine similarly tooled, without raised bands or title-piece;
   coloured endbands; the edges of the leaves and boards gilt. Boxed.</p>
</bindingDesc>

⚓︎

Within a binding description, the elements decoNote and condition are available, as alternatives to p, for paragraphs dealing exclusively with information about decorative features of a binding, or about its condition, respectively.

<binding>
 <p>Bound, s. XVIII (?), in <material>diced russia leather</material>
   retaining most of the original 15th century metal ornaments (but with some
   replacements) as well as the heavy wooden boards.</p>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On each cover: alternating circular stamps of the Holy Monogram, a
     sunburst, and a flower.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On the cornerpieces, one of which is missing, a rectangular stamp
     of the Agnus Dei.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <condition>Front and back leather inlaid panels very badly worn.</condition>
 <p>Rebacked during the 19th century.</p>
</binding>

⚓︎

As noted above, (11.7.1.5. Condition) the element condition may also be used as an alternative to p for paragraphs concerned exclusively with the condition of a binding, where this has not been supplied as part of the physical description.

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TEI: Seals⚓︎11.7.3.2. Seals

The sealDesc element supplies information about the seal(s) attached to documents to guarantee their integrity, or to show authentication of the issuer or consent of the participants. It may contain one or more paragraphs summarizing the overall nature of the seals, or may contain one or more seal elements.

<sealDesc>
 <seal n="1" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>Round seal of <name>Anders Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         930</ref>
   </bibl>. Parchment tag, on which is written: <quote>pertinere nos
       predictorum placiti nostri iusticarii precessorum dif</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
 <seal n="2" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         1061</ref>
   </bibl>. Legend: <quote>S IOHANNES OLAVI</quote>. Parchment tag on
     which is written: <quote>Woldorp Iohanne G</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: Accompanying Material⚓︎11.7.3.3. Accompanying Material

The circumstance may arise where material not originally part of a manuscript is bound into or otherwise kept with a manuscript. In some cases this material would best be treated in a separate msPart element (see 11.10. Manuscript Parts below). There are, however, cases where the additional matter is not self-evidently a distinct manuscript: it might, for example, be a set of notes by a later scholar, or a file of correspondence relating to the manuscript. The accMat element is provided as a holder for this kind of information.

accMat (accompanying material) contains details of any significant additional material which may be closely associated with the manuscript or object being described, such as non-contemporaneous documents or fragments bound in with it at some earlier historical period.

Here is an example of the use of this element, describing a note by the Icelandic manuscript collector Árni Magnússon which has been bound with the manuscript:

<accMat>
 <p>A slip in Árni Magnússon's hand has been stuck to the pastedown on the inside
   front cover; the text reads: <quote xml:lang="is">Þidreks Søgu þessa hefi eg
     feiged af Sekreterer Wielandt Anno 1715 i Kaupmanna høfn. Hun er, sem eg sie,
     Copia af Austfirda bókinni (Eidagás) en<ex>n</ex> ecki progenies Brædratungu
     bokarinnar. Og er þar fyrer eigi i allan<ex>n</ex> máta samhlioda
     þ<ex>eir</ex>re er Sr Jon Erlendz son hefer ritad fyrer Mag. Bryniolf. Þesse
     Þidreks Saga mun vera komin fra Sr Vigfuse á Helgafelle.</quote>
 </p>
</accMat>

⚓︎

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TEI: History⚓︎11.8. History

The following elements are used to record information about the history of a manuscript:

history (history) groups elements describing the full history of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

origin (origin) contains any descriptive or other information concerning the origin of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

provenance (provenance) contains any descriptive or other information concerning a single identifiable episode during the history of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object after its creation but before its acquisition.

acquisition (acquisition) contains any descriptive or other information concerning the process by which a manuscript or manuscript part or other object entered the holding institution.

The three components of the history element all have the same substructure, consisting of one or more paragraphs marked as p elements. Each of these three elements is also a member of the att.datable attribute class, itself a member of the att.datable.w3c class, and thus also carries the following optional attributes:

att.datable.w3c provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events conforming to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition.

notBefore | specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
notAfter | specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

Information about the origins of the manuscript, its place and date of writing, should be given as one or more paragraphs contained by a single origin element; following this, any available information on distinct stages in the history of the manuscript before its acquisition by its current holding institution should be included as paragraphs within one or more provenance elements. Finally, any information specific to the means by which the manuscript was acquired by its present owners should be given as paragraphs within the acquisition element.

Here is a fairly simple example of the use of this element:

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>Durham</origPlace> during <origDate notBefore="1125"
    notAfter="1175">the mid-twelfth
       century</origDate>.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval catalogues of the books belonging to
  <name type="org">Durham Priory</name>, made in <date>1391</date> and
  <date>1405</date>.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to <name type="person">W. Olleyf</name> by <name type="person">William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)</name> and later belonged to
  <name type="person">Henry Dalton</name>, Prior of Holy Island (<name type="place">Lindisfarne</name>) according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to <name type="org">Trinity College</name> in
  <date>1738</date> by <name type="person">Thomas Gale</name> and his son <name type="person">Roger</name>.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

⚓︎

Here is a fuller example, demonstrating the use of multiple provenance elements where distinct periods of ownership for the manuscript have been identified:

<history>
 <origin notBefore="1225" notAfter="1275"> Written in Spain or Portugal in the
   middle of the 13th century (the date 1042, given in a marginal note on f. 97v,
   cannot be correct.)</origin>
 <provenance>The Spanish scholar <name type="person">Benito Arias Montano</name>
   (1527-1598) has written his name on f. 97r, and may be presumed to have owned
   the manuscript. </provenance>
 <provenance>It came somehow into the possession of <foreign xml:lang="da">etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Holger Parsberg</name> (1636-1692), who has written his name
   twice, once on the front pastedown and once on f. 1r, the former dated
 <date>1680</date> and the latter <date>1682</date>.</provenance>
 <provenance>Following Parsberg's death the manuscript was bought by
 <foreign>etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Jens Rosenkrantz</name> (1640-1695) when Parsberg's library
   was auctioned off (23 October 1693).</provenance>
 <acquisition notBefore="1696"
  notAfter="1697">The manuscript was acquired by
   Árni Magnússon from the estate of Jens Rosenkrantz, presumably at auction (the
   auction lot number 468 is written in red chalk on the flyleaf), either in 1696
   or 97.</acquisition>
</history>

⚓︎

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TEI: Additional Information⚓︎11.9. Additional Information

Three categories of additional information are provided for by the scheme described here, grouped together within the additional element described in this section.

adminInfo (administrative information) contains information about the present custody and availability of the manuscript or other object, and also about the record description itself.

surrogates (surrogates) contains information about any representations of the manuscript or other object being described which may exist in the holding institution or elsewhere.

listBibl (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind.

None of these specialized constituent elements of additional is required. If any is supplied, it may appear once only; furthermore, the order in which elements are supplied should be as specified above. Alternatively, additional information may be provided as either one or more paragraphs or anonymous blocks, marked up as a series of p or ab elements.

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TEI: Administrative Information⚓︎11.9.1. Administrative Information

The adminInfo element is used to hold information relating to the curation and management of a manuscript. This may be supplied as a note using the global note element. Alternatively, different aspects of this information may be presented grouped within one of the following specialized elements:

recordHist (recorded history) provides information about the source and revision status of the parent manuscript or object description itself.

availability (availability) supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, any licence applying to it, etc.

custodialHist (custodial history) contains a description of a manuscript or other object's custodial history, either as running prose or as a series of dated custodial events.

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TEI: Record History⚓︎11.9.1.1. Record History

The recordHist element may contain simply a series of paragraphs. Alternatively it may contain a source element, followed by an optional series of change elements.

source (source) describes the original source for the information contained with a manuscript or object description.

change (change) documents a change or set of changes made during the production of a source document, or during the revision of an electronic file.

The source element is used to document the primary source of information for the record containing it, in a similar way to the standard TEI sourceDesc element within a TEI Header. If the record is a new one, made without reference to anything other than the manuscript itself, then it may simply contain a p element, as in the following example:

<source>
 <p>Directly catalogued from the original manuscript.</p>
</source>

⚓︎

Frequently, however, the record will be derived from some previously existing description, which may be specified using the standard TEI bibl element, as in the following example:

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
    <title>The index of Middle English
         verse</title>
    <biblScope>123</biblScope>
   </bibl>.</p>
 </source>
</recordHist>

⚓︎

If, as is likely, a full bibliographic description of the source from which cataloguing information was taken is included within the listBibl element contained by the current additional element, or elsewhere in the current document, then it need not be repeated here. Instead, it should be referenced using the standard TEI ref element, as in the following example:

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

⚓︎

The change element may also appear within the revisionDesc element of the standard TEI header; its use here is intended to signal the similarity of function between the two container elements. Where the TEI header should be used to document the revision history of the whole electronic file to which it is prefixed, the recordHist element may be used to document changes at a lower level, relating to the individual description, as in the following example:

<change when="2005-03-10">On 10 March 2005 <name>MJD</name> added provenance
information</change>

⚓︎

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TEI: Availability and Custodial History⚓︎11.9.1.2. Availability and Custodial History

The availability element is another element also available in the TEI header, which should be used here to supply any information concerning access to the current manuscript, such as its physical location (where this is not implicit in its identifier), any restrictions on access, information about copyright, etc.

<availability>
 <p>Viewed by appointment only, to be arranged with curator.</p>
</availability>
<availability>
 <p>In conservation, Jan. - Mar., 2002. On loan to the Bayerische
   Staatsbibliothek, April - July, 2002.</p>
</availability>
<availability>
 <p>The manuscript is in poor condition, due to many of the leaves being brittle
   and fragile and the poor quality of a number of earlier repairs; it should
   therefore not be used or lent out until it has been conserved.</p>
</availability>

⚓︎

The custodialHist record is used to describe the custodial history of a manuscript, recording any significant events noted during the period that it has been located within its holding institution. It may contain either a series of p elements, or a series of custEvent elements, each describing a distinct incident or event, further specified by a type attribute, and carrying dating information by virtue of its membership in the att.datable class, as noted above.

custEvent (custodial event) describes a single event during the custodial history of a manuscript or other object.

Here is an example of the use of this element:

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03-01" notAfter="1963-02-28">
  <p>Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at Birgitte Dalls
     Konserveringsværksted.</p>
 </custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">
  <p>Photographed in May 1988 by AMI/FA.</p>
 </custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">
  <p>Dispatched to Iceland 13 November 1989.</p>
 </custEvent>
</custodialHist>

⚓︎

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TEI: Surrogates⚓︎11.9.2. Surrogates

The surrogates element is used to provide information about representations such as photographs or other representations of the manuscript which may exist within the holding institution or elsewhere.

surrogates (surrogates) contains information about any representations of the manuscript or other object being described which may exist in the holding institution or elsewhere.

The surrogates element should not be used to repeat information about representations of the manuscript available within published works; this should normally be documented within the listBibl element within the additional element. However, it is often also convenient to record information such as negative numbers or digital identifiers for unpublished collections of manuscript images maintained within the holding institution, as well as to provide more detailed descriptive information about the surrogate itself. Such information may be provided as prose paragraphs, within which identifying information about particular surrogates may be presented using the standard TEI bibl element, as in the following example:

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (master)</title>
  <idno>G.neg. 160</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (archive)</title>
  <idno>G.pos. 186</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 795 4to</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-27">27 January 1999</date>
  <note>copy of G.pos.
     186</note>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>reg.nr. 75</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-25">25 January 1999</date>
  <note>photographs of the spine, outside covers, stitching etc.</note>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

⚓︎

Note the use of the specialized form of title (general material designation) to specify the kind of surrogate being documented.

At a later revision, the content of the surrogates element is likely to be expanded to include elements more specifically intended to provide detailed information such as technical details of the process by which a digital or photographic image was made. For information about the inclusion of digital facsimile images within a TEI document, refer also to 12.1. Digital Facsimiles.

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TEI: Manuscript Parts⚓︎11.10. Manuscript Parts

The msPart element may be used in cases where manuscripts or parts of manuscripts that were originally physically separate have been bound together and/or share the same call number.

msPart (manuscript part) contains information about an originally distinct manuscript or part of a manuscript, which is now part of a composite manuscript.

Since each component of such a composite manuscript will in all likelihood have its own content, physical description, history, and so on, the structure of msPart is in the main identical to that of msDesc, allowing one to retain the top level of identity (msIdentifier), but to branch out thereafter into as many parts, or even subparts, as necessary.

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: Manuscript Fragments⚓︎11.11. Manuscript Fragments

The msFrag element may be used inside msDesc when encoding one or more fragments of a scattered or fragmented manuscript. The fragment(s) described in a single msDesc element may be held either at several institutions or at a single institution, so different call numbers may be attached to the fragments. Inside the msFrag element, information about the single fragment or each dispersed part is provided: e.g. the current shelfmark or call number, the labels of the range of folios concerned if the fragment currently forms part of a larger manuscript, dimensions, extent, title, author, annotations, illuminations and so on.

msFrag (manuscript fragment) contains information about a fragment described in relation to a prior context, typically as a description of a virtual reconstruction of a manuscript or other object whose fragments were catalogued separately.

One well-known example of fragmentation is the Old Church Slavonic manuscript known as Codex Suprasliensis, substantial parts of which are to be found in three separate repositories, in Ljubljana, Warsaw, and St. Petersburg. This manuscript should be represented using one single msDesc element in which msName is used to identify the fragmented manuscript, along with three distinct msFrag elements, each of which contains the current identifier of one of the fragments, a physical description, and other related information:

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: Module for Manuscript Description⚓︎11.12. Module for Manuscript Description

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module msdescription: Manuscript Description

Elements defined: accMat acquisition additional additions adminInfo altIdentifier binding bindingDesc catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent custodialHist decoDesc decoNote depth dim dimensions explicit filiation finalRubric foliation handDesc height heraldry history incipit institution layout layoutDesc locus locusGrp material msContents msDesc msFrag msIdentifier msItem msItemStruct msName msPart musicNotation objectDesc objectType origDate origPlace origin physDesc provenance recordHist repository rubric scriptDesc seal sealDesc secFol signatures source stamp summary support supportDesc surrogates typeDesc typeNote watermark width

Classes defined: att.msClass att.msExcerpt model.physDescPart

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

42

This chapter is based on the work of the European MASTER (Manuscript Access through Standards for Electronic Records) project, funded by the European Union from January 1999 to June 2001, and led by Peter Robinson, then at the Centre for Technology and the Arts at De Montfort University, Leicester (UK). Significant input also came from a TEI Workgroup headed by Consuelo W. Dutschke of the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University (USA) and Ambrogio Piazzoni of the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (IT) during 1998-2000.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

12. Representation of Primary Sources

Table of contents

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

12.2. Combining Transcription with Facsimile

12.3. Scope of Transcriptions

12.4. Aspects of Layout

12.5. Transcription and Ruby

12.6. Headers, Footers, and Similar Matter

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

12.8. Other Primary Source Features not Covered in these Guidelines

12.9. Module for Transcription of Primary Sources

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This chapter describes elements that may be used to represent primary source materials, such as manuscripts, printed books, ephemera, or other textual documents. Some of these specialized elements, particularly at phrase-level, add to the other elements available within text to deal with textual phenomena more specific to primary source transcription. Other structural and block-level elements described here can be used to represent primary source materials by prioritizing the encoding of their spatial features over their logical textual structure (that is, the elements described in chapter 4. Default Text Structure). These elements, facsimile, sourceDoc, and their children, may be used in parallel and in combination with an encoding of logical text structures with text, or as standalone representations. The element sourceDoc in particular provides a way of combining facsimile and transcriptions by embedding transcribed text. This approach focuses on physical and textual features that can be primarily described spatially, such as the sequence of pages in a manuscript, or the layout of a printed page. This is not meant to be the only way of transcribing primary sources in TEI, or even a preferred way; which approach is more appropriate will depend on the specific needs of your project.

Although this chapter discusses manuscript materials more frequently than other forms of written text, most of the recommendations presented are equally applicable to facsimiles of a wide variety of media, including printed matter, monumental inscriptions, and art. Each medium has its own vocabulary of agents. In the following examples, terms such as ‘scribe’, ‘author’, ‘editor’, ‘annotator’ or ‘corrector’ may be re-interpreted in terms more appropriate to the medium being transcribed. In printed material, for example, the ‘compositor’ plays a role analogous to the ‘scribe’, while in an authorial manuscript, the ‘author’ and the ‘scribe’ are the same person.

This module may be used in conjunction with other modules. These recommendations are not intended to meet every transcriptional circumstance likely to be faced by any scholar. They are intended rather as a base to enable encoding of the most common phenomena found in the course of scholarly transcription of primary source materials. These guidelines do not address the encoding of physical description of textual witnesses: the materials of the carrier, the medium of the inscribing implement, the organisation of the carrier materials themselves (such as quiring, collation), authorial instructions or scribal markup, etc., except insofar as these are involved in the broader question of manuscript description, as addressed by the msdescription module described in chapter 11. Manuscript Description.

This chapter begins by describing elements for handling digitally-encoded images of primary source materials for the purpose of creating digital facsimiles using the facsimile element (12.1. Digital Facsimiles).

The next section (12.2. Combining Transcription with Facsimile) describes two ways of combining a facsimile images with a transcription; either by referencing a parallel transcription in text, or by providing an ‘embedded’ transcription that prioritizes the encoding of a resource’s spatial features via the sourceDoc element and a number of transcriptional elements.

Section 12.3. Scope of Transcriptions documents elements that support scholars in recording information about specific features of the text written on its physical carrier, such as 12.3.1. Altered, Corrected, and Erroneous Texts and 12.3.2. Hands and Responsibility

Section 12.4. Aspects of Layout describes how complex page layouts may be represented.

Section 12.6. Headers, Footers, and Similar Matter introduces the element fw (forme work) for encoding material repeated from page to page that falls outside the stream of the text.

Section 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions describes how to document changes made during the production or revision of a primary source.

The chapter concludes with a technical overview of the structure and organization of the module described here. Some elements from other chapters are recontexualized for situations involving the transcription of primary source materials, whether within text or sourceDoc. Therefore, this overview should be read in conjunction with chapters 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents and 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes.

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TEI: Digital Facsimiles⚓︎12.1. Digital Facsimiles

A common approach in the TEI to representing pre-existing sources involves transcribing or otherwise converting sources into character form before marking them up. However, it is also a common practice to make a different form of ‘digital text’ that is instead composed of digital images of the original source, typically one per page, or other written surface. We call such a resource a digital facsimile. A digital facsimile may, in the simplest case, just consist of a collection of images, with some metadata to identify them and the source materials portrayed. It may sometimes contain a variety of images of the same source pages, perhaps of different resolutions, or of different kinds. Such a collection may form part of any kind of document, for example a commentary of a codicological or paleographic nature, where there is a need to align explanatory text with image data. It may also be complemented by a transcribed or encoded version of the original source, which may be linked to the page images or ‘embedded’ as discussed in 12.2. Combining Transcription with Facsimile. In this section we present elements designed to support these various possibilities and discuss the associated mechanisms provided by these Guidelines.

When this module is included in a schema, the class att.global is extended to include two new pointer attributes, facs and change:

att.global.facs provides attributes used to express correspondence between an element and all or part of a facsimile image or surface.

facs
(facsimile) points to one or more images, portions of an image, or surfaces which correspond to the current element.

att.global.change provides attributes allowing its member elements to specify one or more states or revision campaigns with which they are associated.

change
points to one or more change elements documenting a state or revision campaign to which the element bearing this attribute and its children have been assigned by the encoder.

The change attribute is discussed further below in section 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions. The facs attribute is used to associate any element in a transcription with an image of the corresponding part of the source, by means of the usual URI pointing mechanism.

In the simple case where a digital text is composed of page images, the facs attribute on the pb element may be used to associate each image with an appropriate point in the text:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--...-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <pb facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- text contained on page 1 is encoded here -->
  <pb facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- text contained on page 2 is encoded here -->
 </text>
</TEI>

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By convention, this encoding indicates that the image indicated by the facs attribute represents the whole of the text following the pb (page beginning) element, up to the next pb element. Any convenient milestone element (see further 3.11.3. Milestone Elements) could be used in the same way; for example if the images represent individual columns, the cb element might be used. Though simple, this method has some drawbacks. It does not scale well to more complex cases where, for example, the images do not correspond exactly with transcribed pages, or where the intention is to align specific marked up elements with detailed images, or parts of images. The management of information about the images may become more difficult if references to them are scattered through many files rather than being concentrated in a single identifiable location. Nevertheless, this solution may be adequate for many straightforward ‘digital library’ applications.

The recommended approach to encoding facsimiles is instead to use the facs attribute in conjunction with the elements facsimile or sourceDoc, and the elements surface, surfaceGrp, and zone, which are also provided by this module. These elements make it possible to accommodate multiple images of each page, as well as to record the position and relative size of elements identified on any kind of written surface and to link such elements with digital facsimile images of them. Typical applications include the provision of full text search in ‘digital facsimile editions’, and ways of annotating graphics, for example so as to identify individuals appearing in group portraits and link them to data about the people represented.

The following elements are available to represent components of a digital facsimile:

facsimile contains a representation of some written source in the form of a set of images rather than as transcribed or encoded text.

sourceDoc contains a transcription or other representation of a single source document potentially forming part of a dossier génétique or collection of sources.

surface defines a written surface as a two-dimensional coordinate space, optionally grouping one or more graphic representations of that space, zones of interest within that space, and, when using an embedded transcription approach, transcriptions of the writing within them.

surfaceGrp (surface group) defines any kind of useful grouping of written surfaces, for example the recto and verso of a single leaf, which the encoder wishes to treat as a single unit.

zone defines any two-dimensional area within a surface element.

points [att.coordinated]
identifies a two dimensional area by means of a series of pairs of numbers, each of which gives the x,y coordinates of a point on a line enclosing the area.

path (path) defines any line passing through two or more points within a surface element.

points
identifies a line within the container or bounding box specified by the parent element by means of a series of two or more pairs of numbers, each of which gives the x,y coordinates of a point on the line.

Either of the facsimile or sourceDoc elements may be used to represent a digital facsimile. Either may appear within a TEI document along with, or instead of, the text element introduced in section 4. Default Text Structure. The sourceDoc element is used when a digital facsimile contains a transcription that prioritizes the encoding of the spatial features and layout of a text document over the text’s logical textual structure; the text element should be used when it contains a textual transcription focused on its logical features. When the digital facsimile contains only images, however, only facsimile elements should be used. In this section, we first discuss the simpler case, returning to the use of the sourceDoc element in section 12.2. Combining Transcription with Facsimile below. When this module is selected therefore, a legal TEI document may thus comprise any of the following:

a TEI header and a text element

a TEI header and a facsimile element

a TEI header and a sourceDoc element

a TEI header, a facsimile element, and a text element

a TEI header, one or more sourceDoc or facsimile elements, and a text element

Like the text element, a facsimile element may also contain an optional front or back element, used in the same way as described in sections 4.5. Front Matter and 4.7. Back Matter.

In the simplest case, a facsimile just contains a series of graphic elements, each of which identifies an image file:

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <graphic url="page2.png"/>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

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If desired, the binaryObject element described in 3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components (or any other element from the model.graphicLike class) can be used instead of a graphic.

In this simple case, the four page images are understood to represent the complete facsimile, and are to be read in the sequence given. Suppose, however, that the second page of this particular work is available both as an ordinary photograph and as an infra-red image, or in two different resolutions. The surface element may be used to group the two image files, since these correspond with the same area of the work:

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <surface>
  <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
 </surface>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

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The surface element provides a way of indicating that the two images of page2 represent the same surface within the source material. A surface might be one side of a piece of paper or parchment, an opening in a codex treated as a single surface by the writer, a face of a monument, a billboard, a membrane of a scroll, or indeed any two-dimensional surface, of any size.

The surfaceGrp element may be used to indicate that two (or more) surfaces are associated in some way, for example because they represent the recto and verso of the same leaf, as in this example:

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

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The surfaceGrp element may also be useful as a means of identifying other groups of written surfaces, such as adjacent faces of a monument, or gatherings of leaves.

Simply grouping related graphics is not however the main purpose of the surface element: rather it is to help identify the location and size of the various two-dimensional spaces constituting the digital facsimile. Note that the actual dimensions of the object represented are not provided by the surface element ; rather, the surface element defines an abstract coordinate space which may be used to address parts of the image. Four attributes supplied by the att.coordinated class are used to define this space.

att.coordinated provides attributes that can be used to position their parent element within a two dimensional coordinate system.

ulx | gives the x coordinate value for the upper left corner of a rectangular space.
uly | gives the y coordinate value for the upper left corner of a rectangular space.
lrx | gives the x coordinate value for the lower right corner of a rectangular space.
lry | gives the y coordinate value for the lower right corner of a rectangular space.

By default, the same coordinate space is used for a surface and for all of its child elements.⁴³ It may be most convenient to derive a coordinate space from a digital image of the surface in question such that each pixel in the image corresponds with a whole number of units (typically 1) in the coordinate space. In other cases it may be more convenient to use units such as millimetres. Neither practice implies any specific mapping between the coordinate system used and the actual dimensions of the physical object represented.

A surface element can contain one or more zone elements, each of which represents a region or bounding box defined in terms of the same coordinate space as that of its parent surface element. A zone may be rectangular or non-rectangular: a rectangular zone is defined by a sequence of four coordinates in the same way as a surface; a non-rectangular zone is defined using the attribute points, which provides a sequence of coordinates, each of which specifies a point on the perimeter of the zone.⁴⁴

A zone may be used to define any region of interest, such as a detail or illustration, or some part of the surface which is to be aligned with a particular text element, or otherwise distinguished from the rest of the surface. A surface establishes a coordinate system which may be used to address parts or the whole of some digital representation of a written surface. A zone, by contrast, defines any arbitrary area of interest relative to that surface, using the same coordinate system. It might be bigger or smaller than its parent surface, or might overlap its boundaries. The only constraint is that it must be defined using the same coordinate system.

When an image of some kind is supplied within either a zone or a surface, the implication is that the image represents the whole of the zone or surface concerned. In the simple case therefore, we might imagine a surface defining a page, within which there is a graphic representing the whole of that page, and a number of zones defining parts of the page, each with its own graphic, each representing a part of the page. If however one of those graphics actually represents an area larger than the page (for example to include a binding or the surface of a desk on which the page rests), then it will be enclosed by a zone with coordinates larger than those of the parent surface.

For example, consider the following figure:

Figure 13. Badische Landesbibliothek, Manuscript Durlach 1, Fols. 95v-96r

This is an image of a two page spread from a manuscript in the Badische Landesbibliothek, Karlsruhe. We have no information as to the dimensions of the original object, but the low resolution image displayed here contains 500 pixels horizontally and 321 pixels vertically. For convenience, we might map each pixel to one cell of the coordinate space.⁴⁵

We therefore define a surface element corresponding with the area of the image which represents the whole of the two page spread and embed the graphic within it:

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
  <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

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If desired, the binaryObject element described in 3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components (or any other element from the model.graphicLike class) may be used instead of a graphic element.

Since the image in this example is of a two page opening, we will probably wish to define at least two nested zones, one for each page:

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="210" lry="280">
<!-- left hand page -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="240" uly="25" lrx="400"
   lry="280">
<!-- right hand page -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="90" uly="40" lrx="200" lry="225">
<!--- written part of left hand page -->
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

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As this example shows, in addition to acting as a container for graphic elements, zone elements may be used to identify parts of a surface for analytical purposes.

The relationship between zone and surface can be quite complex: for example, it may be appropriate to treat the whole of a two page spread as a single written surface, perhaps because particular written zones span both pages. A zone may contain a nested surface, if for example a page has an additional scrap of paper attached to it. A zone may be of any shape, not simply rectangular. Discussion of these and other cases are provided in section 12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of surface and zone below.

In the following extended example, we discuss a hypothetical digital edition of an early 16th century French work, Charles de Bovelles' Géometrie Pratique.⁴⁶ In this edition, each page has been digitized as a separate file: for example, recto page 49 is stored in a file called Bovelles-49r.png. In the facsimile element used to contain the whole set of pages, we define a surface element for this page, which we situate within a coordinate scale running from 0 to 200 in the x (horizontal) axis, and 0 to 300 in the y (vertical) axis. The surface element contains a graphic element which represents the whole of this surface:

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

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We can now identify distinct zones within the page image using the coordinate scale defined for the surface. In the following figure Figure 14, Detail of p 49r from Bovelles Géometrie Pratique we show the upper part of the page, with boxes indicating four such zones. Each of these will be represented by a zone element, given within the surface element already defined, and specified in terms of the same coordinate system. Some zones of interest are indicated by red lines in the following image.

Figure 14. Detail of p 49r from Bovelles Géometrie Pratique

The following encoding defines each of the four zones identified in the figure above.

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  <zone ulx="25" uly="25" lrx="180" lry="60">
<!-- contains the title -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178"/>
<!-- contains the paragraph in italics -->
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160"/>
<!-- contains the figure -->
  <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60" lry="130"/>
<!-- contains the word "pendans" -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

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Note that the location of each zone is defined independently but using the same coordinate system.

A non rectangular-zone, for example that containing the word cloche. at bottom left of the page, could also be defined, using the points attribute:

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  <zone points="4.8,31.0 5.4,30.7 5.5,32.2 5.8,32.8 6.1,33.4 5.5,33.7 5.1,33.3 4.6,32.2"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

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In the examples above a single graphic element has been associated directly with the surface of the page rather than nesting it within a zone. However, it is also possible to include multiple zone elements which contain a graphic element, if for example a detailed image is available. Since all zone elements use the same coordinate system (that defined by their parent surface), there is no need to demonstrate enclosure of one zone within another by means of nesting. To continue the current example, supposing that we have an additional image called Bovelles49r-detail.png containing an additional image of the figure in the third zone above, we might encode that zone as follows:

<zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175" lry="160">
 <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
</zone>

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Within a surface or zone, individual lines can be identified using the path element, which also carries the points attribute:

Figure 15. Smaller detail of p 49r from Bovelles highlighting two specific lines

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="443" lry="272">
 <graphic url="facs-fig3.jpg"/>
 <path points="74,73 171,244"
  xml:id="balan"/>
 <path points="71,203 173,116"
  xml:id="dindan"/>
</surface>

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This is useful for linking an annotation or explanation to a specific line on an object surface. Any number of coordinates can be included to specify lines which are not straight; this example shows how the first of the famous ‘story lines’ appearing at the beginning of chapter 40 of Tristram Shandy might be encoded:

Figure 16. Page 152 of Tristram Shandy

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="411" lry="652">
 <graphic url="sterne.png"/>
 <path points="65,511 88,510 92,517 100,521 107,520 112,516 116,512 117,511 152,512 156,508 162,505 169,505 174,506 178,509 179,512 236,514 136,479 208,493 270,512 328,513 336,525 339,528 339,536 331,539 328,535 329,530 334,526 342,521 345,519 350,512 397,514 402,498 414,515 425,515 435,531 440,513 475,513 475,518 477,520 479,521 481,522 483,521 484,518 486,516 486,514 491,512 494,514 496,520 496,529 493,535 494,539 497,543 501,543 504,543 507,540 508,537 507,526 505,518 502,510 501,508 501,503 503,501 506,500 510,500 512,503 513,507 511,513 543,516 552,513 552,501 550,496 549,490 552,486 562,487 564,468 559,465 557,462 556,457 558,453 562,450 570,451 573,446 579,433"/>
</surface>

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TEI: Combining Transcription with Facsimile⚓︎12.2. Combining Transcription with Facsimile

A digitized source document may contain nothing more than page images and a small amount of metadata. It may also contain an encoded transcription of the pages represented, which may either be ‘embedded’ within a sourceDoc element, or supplied in parallel with a facsimile as defined above.

If the transcription is regarded as a text in its own right, organized and structured independently of its physical realization in the document or documents represented by the facsimile, then the recommended practice is to use the text element to contain such a structured representation, and to present it in parallel. The text element is a sibling of the facsimile and sourceDoc elements. This approach is illustrated in section 12.2.1. Parallel Transcription below. Alternatively, if the transcription is intended not to prioritize representation of the final text so much as the process by which the document came to take its present form, or the physical disposition of its component parts, it can be presented as an embedded transcription, as further described in section 12.2.2. Embedded Transcription below.

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TEI: Parallel Transcription⚓︎12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

Suppose now that we wish to align a transcription of the page discussed in the preceding section with particular zones. We begin by giving each relevant part of the facsimile an identifier:

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone xml:id="B49r" ulx="0" uly="0"
   lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
  <zone xml:id="B49rHead" ulx="25" uly="25"
   lrx="180" lry="60"/>
<!-- contains the title -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rPara2" ulx="28" uly="75"
   lrx="175" lry="178"/>
<!-- contains the first paragraph in italics -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rFig1" ulx="105" uly="76"
   lrx="175" lry="160"/>
<!-- contains the figure -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rW457" ulx="45" uly="125"
   lrx="60" lry="130"/>
<!-- contains the word "pendans" -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

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The alignment between transcription and image is made, as usual, by means of the facs attribute:

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

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It is also possible to point in the other direction, from a surface or zone to the corresponding text. This is the function of the start attribute, which supplies the identifier of the element containing at least the start of the transcribed text found within the surface or zone concerned. Thus, another way of linking this page with its transcription would be simply

<facsimile>
 <surface start="#PB49R">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
<!-- ... -->
   <pb xml:id="PB49R"/>
   <fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<!-- ... -->
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

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TEI: Embedded Transcription⚓︎12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

An embedded transcription is one in which words and other written traces are encoded as subcomponents of elements representing the physical surfaces carrying them rather than independently of them.

The following elements are available for this purpose:

sourceDoc contains a transcription or other representation of a single source document potentially forming part of a dossier génétique or collection of sources.

surface defines a written surface as a two-dimensional coordinate space, optionally grouping one or more graphic representations of that space, zones of interest within that space, and, when using an embedded transcription approach, transcriptions of the writing within them.

zone defines any two-dimensional area within a surface element.

line contains the transcription of a topographic line in the source document.

seg (arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the ‘chunk’ level.

The elements surface, surfaceGrp, and zone were introduced above in section 12.1. Digital Facsimiles. When supplied within a sourceDoc element, these elements may contain transcriptions of the written content of a source in addition to or as an alternative to digital images of them. Such transcription may be placed directly within the zone element, or within one or more line elements, for cases where the writing is linear, in the sense that it is composed of discrete tokens organized physically into groups, typically organized in a sequence corresponding with the way they are intended to be read. Depending on the directionality of the writing system used, this might be any combination of top-down and left to right, or vice versa. The element line may be used to hold a complete group of such tokens. Where, however, the lineation is not considered significant, any group of tokens may be indicated using the zone element. The seg element described in section 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors may also be used to indicate smaller sequences of tokens within zone, or line as appropriate.

Returning to the preceding example, we might transcribe the content of the zone to which we gave the identifier B49rPara2 within a sourceDoc element as follows:

<sourceDoc>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
<!-- ... -->
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178">
   <line>LEs cloches ont quasi
       fi</line>
   <line>gures de rondes pyra</line>
   <line>mides imperfaictes &amp;
   </line>
   <line> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se</line>
   <line> fait par reigle geometrique. Com</line>
   <line>me si les deux cloches C
       &amp; D </line>
   <line> sont <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60"
     lry="130">pendans</zone> à ung mesme axe</line>
   <line> ou essieu A B: je dis que
       leur ac</line>
   <line>cord se fera en cõtraires parties</line>
   <line> cõme
       voyez icy figuré. Car quãd </line>
   <line> lune sera en hault, laultre
       declinera embas. Aultrement si elles declinent toutes deux ensembles en une
       mesme partie, elles seront discord,</line>
   <line> &amp; sera leur sonnerie
       mal plaisante à oyr.</line>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>

⚓︎

As mentioned above, some or all of the written surfaces being transcribed may be composed of physically distinct scraps. In the following example, taken from the Walt Whitman Archive, two pieces of newsprint have been glued to a piece of blue paper on which a poem is being drafted:

Figure 17. Single leaf of notes possibly related to the poem eventually titled Sleepers. From the Walt Whitman Archive (Duke 258).

The two pieces of newsprint might simply be regarded as special kinds of zone, but they are also new surfaces, since they might contain additional written zones themselves (such as the numbers in this case).

Using these elements, the Whitman draft above might be encoded as follows:

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>Spring has just set in here, and the weather[...] a steamer </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">2</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>"The shores on either side of the Sound are... The In- </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">3</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

bibliography ⚓︎

The metamark element used in this example is further discussed below (12.3.4.2. Metamarks)

Note that in this example we have not included any graphic element corresponding with the zone or surface elements identified in the transcription. The encoder may choose to complement a transcription with graphic representations of its source at whatever level is considered effective, or not at all. Equally, the encoder may choose to provide only graphics without any transcription, to provide only a structured (non-embedded) transcription, or to provide any combination of the three.

This example also lacks any coordinate information to specify either the size of the two newspaper fragments or whereabouts on the parent surface element they are to be found, other than the reading order implicit in their sequence. Such information could be added if desired by specifying a coordinate system on the outermost surface element, and then indicating values within that system for each of the two fragments, as was discussed above. We discuss this in further detail in section 12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of surface and zone below.

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TEI: Advanced Uses of surface and zone⚓︎12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

As a child of sourceDoc, the surface element both identifies a specific area containing writing and provides a two dimensional set of coordinates which can be used to position and define dimensions for sub-parts of it. Furthermore, surfaces may nest within other surfaces, as in the case of ‘patches’ or other written materials attached to the main writing surface. In the general case, the position and dimensions of such nested surfaces will be defined using the same coordinate system as that supplied by the parent surface element. It is also possible, however, that a different coordinate system is required for such a nested surface, perhaps because it requires a more complex granularity. We consider both possibilities.

In the earlier examples showing nested examples we did not provide any coordinate information, for simplicity of presentation. Suppose however, that we wish to indicate the position and sizes of the newspaper scraps in Figure 17, Single leaf of notes possibly related to the poem eventually titled Sleepers. From the Walt Whitman Archive (Duke 258). above, relative to the whole page. As previously noted, the four attributes ulx, uly, lrx and lry when given on the surface element define the coordinate scheme, rather than specifying the location of that surface. We must therefore introduce an additional zone element, as in the following revised encoding for this example

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="50" lry="50">
 <zone ulx="1" uly="1" lrx="10" lry="10">
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone ulx="4" uly="4" lrx="20" lry="20">
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>Spring has just set in here, and the weather[...] a steamer </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">2</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this version of the encoding, the inner surface, corresponding with the first piece of newsprint, inherits locational information from the zone element that contains it. This zone, and the preceding one, which contains a sequence of line elements, are both positioned in terms of the coordinates specified on the outermost surface element, which defines a scale running from 0 to 50 in either direction. On that scale, the line elements occupy a rectangle with coordinates (1,1,10,10), while the nested surface occupies a rectangle with coordinates (4,4,20,20).

Now suppose that we wish to define a finer scale grid for the newspaper patch, perhaps because we wish to localize zones within it with greater accuracy. To do this we will need to specify the position of the nested surface as in the previous example, but also to define the new coordinate system. We accomplish this as follows:

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="50" lry="50">
 <zone ulx="1" uly="1" lrx="10" lry="10">
  <line>Poem</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone ulx="4" uly="4" lrx="20" lry="20">
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="100"
   lry="100">
   <zone ulx="10" uly="10" lrx="90" lry="95"> Spring has just set in here, and the
       weather [...] a steamer </zone>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

⚓︎

As before, the second zone defines the position and size of the newspaper patch itself in terms of a coordinate system running from 0 to 50 on both X and Y axes. The nested surface element however defines a new scale for all of its components, running from 0 to 100 on both X and Y axes. The position of the nested zone containing the text Spring ... steamer is now given in terms of this scale.

All of the examples so far given have involved rectangular zones, for clarity of exposition. As noted above, the points attribute may be used to define non-rectangular zones as a series of points. For example, in the last of the Whitman examples discussed in section 12.3.4.2. Metamarks above, we might wish to record the exact shape of the zone containing the metamark Entered. Since this is not a rectangular zone, we use the points attribute to indicate the points defining a polygon which contains it. The values used are expressed in terms of a coordinate space running from 0 to 229 in the X dimension, and 0 to 160 in the Y dimension.

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="229" lry="160">
 <graphic url="whitman-02.jpg"/>
 <zone xml:id="entered"
  points="142,122 155,113 178,122 208,144 198,154 178,139"/>
</surface>

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In exactly the same way, we may wish to identify the curved zone in the following image containing the word Northamptonshire:

Figure 18. Gravestone of Private Moulds

This curved zone might be encoded in the following way:

<surface xml:id="badge" ulx="14.54"
 uly="16.14" lrx="0" lry="0">
 <graphic url="stone.jpg"/>
 <zone xml:id="county"
  points="4.6,6.3 5.25,5.85 6.2,6.6 8.2,7.4 9.9,6.6 10.9,6.1 11.4,6.7 8.2,8.3 6.2,7.6"/>
</surface>

bibliography ⚓︎

Finally, it should be noted that a zone does not need to be entirely contained within the two-dimensional space defined by its parent surface. For example, we might wish to encode the example in Figure 13, Badische Landesbibliothek, Manuscript Durlach 1, Fols. 95v-96r above not as a surface representing the whole of the two page spread, but as a surface representing only the written part of this opening. The written part appears 50 units from the left of the image and 20 units from the top, while the bottom right corner of the written part appears 400 units from the left of the image, and 280 units from the top. We therefore define the written surface within this image as follows:

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
<!-- ... -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

bibliography ⚓︎

To describe the whole image, we will now need to define a zone of interest which represents an area larger than this surface. Using the same coordinate system as that defined for the surface, its coordinates are 0,0,500,321. This zone of interest can be defined by a zone element, within which we can place the uncropped graphic:

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Scope of Transcriptions⚓︎12.3. Scope of Transcriptions

When transcribing a primary source, whether using text or sourceDoc, scholars may wish to record information concerning individual readings of letters, words, or larger units.They may also wish to include other editorial material, such as comments on the status or possible origin of particular readings, corrections, or text supplied to fill lacunae.

Such elements may also be used for digital transcriptions in which the object is not to represent a finished text, but rather to represent the creative process, as evidenced by different ‘layers’ or ‘traces’ of writing in one or more documents. Transcriptions of this kind are closely focussed on the physical appearance of specific documents, needing to distinguish the traces of different writing activities on them, such as additions and deletions but also other indications of how the writing is to be read, such as indications of transposition, re-affirmation of writing which has been deleted, and so on. Such distinctions are considered of particular importance when dealing with authorial manuscripts, but are also relevant in the case of historical sources such as charters or other legal documents.

In either case, it is customary in transcriptions to register certain features of the source, such as ornamentation, underlining, deletion, areas of damage and lacunae. This chapter provides ways of encoding such information:

methods of recording editorial or other alterations to the text, such as expansion of abbreviations, corrections, conjectures, etc. (section 12.3.1. Altered, Corrected, and Erroneous Texts)

methods of describing important extra-linguistic phenomena in the source: pagination, lineation, unusual spaces, changes of manuscript hand, etc. (section 12.3.2. Hands and Responsibility)

methods of representing aspects of layout such as spacing or lines 12.4. Aspects of Layout

methods of representing material such as running heads, catch-words, and the like (section 12.6. Headers, Footers, and Similar Matter)

The remainder of this chapter describes a model for encoding such transcriptions, in which elements such as mod, del, etc. are used to mark writing traces and their functions within the document. Each such element can be assigned to one or more editorially-defined modification groups, termed a change, by means of a global change attribute, which references a definition for the modification group concerned, typically provided within the TEI header creation element; see further 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions. The transcription itself may be embedded within the elements surface and zone described in section 12.1. Digital Facsimiles, or provided in parallel within a text element. Within a zone, the transcription may be organized topographically in terms of lines of writing, using the line element, or in terms of further nested zones, or as a combination of the two (12.2.2. Embedded Transcription).

These recommendations are not intended to meet every transcriptional circumstance likely to be faced by any scholar. Rather, they should be regarded as a base which can be elaborated if necessary by different scholars in different disciplines

As a rule, all elements which may be used in the course of a transcription of a single witness may also be used in a critical apparatus, i.e. within the elements proposed in chapter 13. Critical Apparatus. This can generally be achieved by nesting a particular reading containing tagged elements from a particular witness within the rdg element in an app structure.

Just as a critical apparatus may contain transcriptional elements within its record of variant readings in various witnesses, one may record variant readings in an individual witness by use of the apparatus mechanisms app and rdg. This is discussed in section 13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions.

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TEI: Altered, Corrected, and Erroneous Texts⚓︎12.3.1. Altered, Corrected, and Erroneous Texts

In the detailed transcription of any source, it may prove necessary to record various types of actual or potential alteration of the text: expansion of abbreviations, correction of the text (either by author, scribe, or later hand, or by previous or current editors or scholars), addition, deletion, or substitution of material, and similar matters. The sections below describe how such phenomena may be encoded using either elements defined in the core module (defined in chapter 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents) or specialized elements available only when the module described in this chapter is available.

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TEI: Core Elements for Transcriptional Work⚓︎12.3.1.1. Core Elements for Transcriptional Work

In transcribing individual sources of any type, encoders may record corrections, normalizations, additions, and omissions using the elements described in section 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes. Representation of abbreviations and their expansions may also involve use of elements described in section 3.6. Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses. Elements particularly relevant to this chapter include:

abbr (abbreviation) contains an abbreviation of any sort.

add (addition) contains letters, words, or phrases inserted in the source text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector.

choice (choice) groups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.

corr (correction) contains the correct form of a passage apparently erroneous in the copy text.

del (deletion) contains a letter, word, or passage deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector.

expan (expansion) contains the expansion of an abbreviation.

gap (gap) indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible, invisible, or inaudible.

sic (Latin for thus or so) contains text reproduced although apparently incorrect or inaccurate.

All of these elements bear additional attributes for specifying who is responsible for the interpretation represented by the markup, and the associated certainty. In addition, some of them bear an attribute allowing the markup to be categorized by type and source.

att.editLike provides attributes describing the nature of an encoded scholarly intervention or interpretation of any kind.

evidence
indicates the nature of the evidence supporting the reliability or accuracy of the intervention or interpretation. Suggested values include: 1] internal; 2] external; 3] conjecture

att.global.source provides attributes used by elements to point to an external source.

source
specifies the source from which some aspect of this element is drawn.

att.global.responsibility provides attributes indicating the agent responsible for some aspect of the text, the markup or something asserted by the markup, and the degree of certainty associated with it.

cert | (certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation.
resp | (responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber.

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

The specific aspect of the markup described by these attributes differs on different elements; for further discussion, see the relevant sections below, especially section 12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes.

The following sections describe how the core elements just named may be used in the transcription of primary source materials.

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TEI: Abbreviation and Expansion⚓︎12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

The writing of manuscripts by hand lends itself to the use of abbreviation to shorten scribal labour. Commonly occurring letters, groups of letters, words, or even whole phrases, may be represented by significant marks. This phenomenon of manuscript abbreviation is so widespread and so various that no taxonomy of it is here attempted. Instead, methods are shown which allow abbreviations to be encoded using the core elements mentioned above.

A manuscript abbreviation may be viewed in two ways. One may transcribe it as a particular sequence of letters or marks upon the page: thus, a ‘p with a bar through the descender’, a ‘superscript hook’, a ‘macron’. One may also interpret the abbreviation in terms of the letter or letters it is seen as standing for: thus, ‘per’, ‘re’, ‘n’. Both of these views are supported by these Guidelines.

In many cases the glyph found in the manuscript source also exists in the Unicode character set: for example the common Latin brevigraph ⁊, standing for et and often known as the ‘Tironian et’ can be directly represented in any XML document as the Unicode character with code point U+204A (see further Character References and vi.1. Language Identification). In cases where it does not, these Guidelines recommend use of the g element provided by the gaiji module described in chapter 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes. This module allows the encoder great flexibility both in processing and in documenting non-standard characters or glyphs, including the ability to provide detailed documentation and images for them.

These two methods of coding abbreviation may also be combined. An encoder may record, for any abbreviation, both the sequence of letters or marks which constitutes it, and its sense, that is, the letter or letters for which it is believed to stand. For example, in the following fragment the phrase euery persone is represented by a sequence of abbreviated characters:

Figure 19. Detail from fol. 126v of Bodleian MS Laud Misc 517

These lines may be transcribed directly, using the g element to indicate the two brevigraphs as follows:

eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y <g ref="#b-per">per</g>sone that loketh after heuen hath a place in
this ladder
<!-- elsewhere -->
<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="b-er">
<!-- definition for the er brevigraph -->
 </char>
 <char xml:id="b-per">
<!-- definition for the per brevigraph -->
 </char>
</charDecl>

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Note that in each case the g element may contain a suggested replacement for the referenced brevigraph; this is purely advisory however, and may not be appropriate in all cases. The referenced character definitions may be located elsewhere in this or some other document, typically forming part of a charDecl element, as described in 5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs.

The transcriber may also wish to indicate that, because of the presence of these particular characters, the two words are actually abbreviations, by using the abbr element:

<abbr>eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <g ref="#b-per">per</g>sone
</abbr> ...

⚓︎

Alternatively, the transcriber may choose silently to expand these abbreviations, using the expan element:

<expan>euery</expan>
<expan>persone</expan> ...

⚓︎

And, of course, the choice element can be used to show that one encoding is an alternative for the other:

<choice>
 <abbr>eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y</abbr>
 <expan>euery</expan>
</choice>

⚓︎

When abbreviated forms such as these are expanded, two processes are carried out: some characters not present in the abbreviation are added (always), and some characters or glyphs present in the abbreviation are omitted or replaced (often). For example, when the abbreviation Dr. is expanded to Doctor, the dot in the abbreviation is removed, and the letters octo are added. Where detailed markup of abbreviated words is required, these two aspects may be marked up explicitly, using the following elements:

ex (editorial expansion) contains a sequence of letters added by an editor or transcriber when expanding an abbreviation.

am (abbreviation marker) contains a sequence of letters or signs present in an abbreviation which are omitted or replaced in the expanded form of the abbreviation.

Using these elements, a transcriber may indicate the status of the individual letters or signs within both the abbreviation and the expansion. The am element surrounds characters or signs such as tittles or tildes, used to indicate the presence of an abbreviation, which are typically removed or replaced by other characters in the expanded form of the abbreviation:

<abbr>eu<am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>sone
</abbr> ...

⚓︎

while the ex element may be used to indicate those characters within the expansion which are not present in the abbreviated form.

<expan>eu<ex>er</ex>y</expan>
<expan>
 <ex>per</ex>sone
</expan> ...

⚓︎

The content of the abbr element should usually include the whole of the abbreviated word, while the expan element should include the whole of its expansion. If this is not considered necessary, the am and ex elements may be used within a choice element, as in this example:

eu<choice>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>
 <ex>er</ex>
</choice>y <choice>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>
 <ex>per</ex>
</choice>sone ...

⚓︎

As implied in the preceding discussion, making decisions about which of these various methods of representing abbreviation to use will form an important part of an encoder's practice. As a rule, the abbr and am elements should be preferred where it is wished to signify that the content of the element is an abbreviation, without necessarily indicating what the abbreviation may stand for. The ex and expan elements should be used where it is wished to signify that the content of the element is not present in the source but has been supplied by the transcriber, without necessarily indicating the abbreviation used in the original. The decision as to which course of action is appropriate may vary from abbreviation to abbreviation; there is no requirement that the same system be used throughout a transcription, although doing so will generally simplify processing. The choice is likely to be a matter of editorial policy. If the highest priority is to transcribe the text literatim (letter by letter), while indicating the presence of abbreviations, the choice will be to use abbr or am throughout. If the highest priority is to present a reading transcription, while indicating that some letters or words are not actually present in the original, the choice will be to use ex or expan throughout.

Further information may be attached to instances of these elements by the note element, on which see section 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing, and by use of the resp and cert attributes. In this instance from the English Brut, a note is attached to an editorial expansion of the tail on the final d of good to goode:

For alle the while
that I had good<ex xml:id="exp01">e</ex> I was welbeloued

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Then the note:

<note target="#exp01">The stroke added to
the final d could signify the plural ending (-es, -is, -ys>) but the
singular <hi rend="it">goode</hi> was used with the meaning <q>property</q>,
<q>wealth</q>, at this time (v. examples quoted in OED, sb. Good, C. 7, b,
c, d and 8 spec.)</note>

⚓︎

The editor might declare a degree of certainty for this expansion, based on the OED examples, and state the responsibility for the expansion:

For alle the while that I
had good<ex resp="#mp" cert="high">e</ex> I was welbeloued

⚓︎

The value supplied for the resp attribute should point to the name of the editor responsible for this and possibly other interventions; an appropriate element therefore might be a respStmt element in the header like the following:

<respStmt xml:id="mp">
 <resp>Editorial emendations</resp>
 <name>Malcom Parkes</name>
</respStmt>

⚓︎

Observe that the cert and resp attributes are used with the ex element only to indicate confidence in the content of the element (i.e. the expansion), and responsibility for suggesting this expansion respectively.

The choice element may be used to indicate that the proposed expansion is one way of encoding what might equally well be represented as an abbreviation, represented by the hooked D, as follows:

For alle the while that I had
<choice>
 <sic>goo<abbr>ɗ</abbr>
 </sic>
 <expan resp="#mp" cert="high">good<ex>e</ex>
 </expan>
</choice> I was
welbeloued

⚓︎

If it is desired to express aspects of certainty and responsibility for some other aspect of the use of these elements, then the mechanisms discussed in chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility should be used. See also 12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes for discussion of the issues of certainty and responsibility in the context of transcription.

If more than one expansion for the same abbreviation is to be recorded, multiple notes may be supplied. It may also be appropriate to use the markup for critical apparatus; an example is given in section 13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions.

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TEI: Correction and Conjecture⚓︎12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

The sic, corr, and choice elements, defined in the core module should be used to indicate passages deemed in need of correction, or actually corrected, during the transcription of a source. For example, in the manuscript of William James's A Pluralistic Universe as edited by Fredson Bowers (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977), a sentence first written

One must have lived longer with this system, to appreciate its advantages.

has been modified by James to begin ‘But One must ...’, without the initial capital O having been reduced to lowercase. This non-standard orthography could be recorded thus:

But <sic>One</sic> must have lived
...

⚓︎

or corrected:

But
<corr>one</corr> must have lived ...

⚓︎

or the two possibilities might be represented as a choice:

But
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr>one</corr>
</choice> must have lived
...

⚓︎

Similarly, in this example from Albertus Magnus, both a manuscript error angues and its correction augens are registered within a choice element:

Nos autem iam
ostendimus quod nutrimentum et
<choice>
 <sic>angues</sic>
 <corr>augens</corr>
</choice>.

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Note that the corr element is used to provide a corrected form which is not present in the source; in the case of a correction made in the source itself, whether scribal, authorial, or by some other hand, the add, del, and subst elements described in 12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions should be used.

The sic element is used to mark passages considered by the transcriber to be erroneous; in such cases, the corr element indicates the transcriber's correction of them. Where the transcriber considers that one or more words have been erroneously omitted in the original source and corrects this omission, the supplied element discussed in 12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription should be used in preference to corr. Thus, in the following example, from George Moore's draft of additional materials for Memoirs of My Dead Life, the transcriber supplies the word we omitted by the author:

You see that I avoid
the word create for we create nothing <supplied>we</supplied> develope.

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As with expan and abbr, the choice as to whether to record simply that there is an apparent error, or simply that a correction has been applied, or to record both possible readings within a choice element is left to the encoder. The decision is likely to be a matter of editorial policy, which might be applied consistently throughout or decided case by case. If the highest priority is to present an uncorrected transcription while noting perceived errors in the original, the choice will typically be to use only sic throughout. If the highest priority is to present a reading transcription, while indicating that perceived errors in the original have been corrected, the choice will be to use only corr throughout.

Further information may be attached to instances of these elements by the note element and resp and cert attributes. Instances of these elements may also be classified according to any convenient typology using the type attribute.

For example, consider the following encoding of an emendation in the Hengwrt manuscript proposed by E. Talbot Donaldson:

Telle me also, to what conclusioun Were
membres maad, of generacioun And of so parfit wis a <choice xml:id="corr117">
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr>wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?
<!-- ... -->
<note target="#corr117">This emendation of the Hengwrt copy text, based on a Latin
source and on the reading of three late and usually unauthoritative
manuscripts, was proposed by E. Talbot Donaldson in
<bibl>
  <title>Speculum</title> 40 (1965) 626–33.</bibl>
</note>

⚓︎

The note element discussed in 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing may be used to give a more detailed discussion of the motivation for or scope of a correction. If linked by means of a pointer (as in this example) it may be located anywhere convenient within the transcription; typically all detailed notes will be collected together in a separate div element in the back. Alternatively, the pointer may be omitted, and the note placed immediately adjacent to the element being annotated. The advantage of the former solution is that it permits the same annotation to refer to several corrections, by supplying more than one pointer in the target attribute of the note, as shown in the example below.

The attribute cert may be used to indicate the degree of confidence ascribed by the encoder to the proposed emendation on a broad scale: high, medium, or low. The attribute resp is used to indicate who is responsible for the proposed emendation. Its value is a pointer, which will typically indicate a respStmt or name element in the header of the transcribed document, but can point anywhere, for example to some online authority file. Using these two attributes, the corr element presented above might usefully be enhanced as follows:

<!-- somewhere in the header ... --><name xml:id="ETD">E Talbot Donaldson</name>
<!-- ... --> And of so parfit wis a <choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#ETD" cert="medium">wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?

⚓︎

As remarked above, where the same annotation applies to several corrections, this may be represented by supplying multiple pointers on the note. Consider for example such corrections as the following, in Dudo of S. Quentin. Parkes cites two cases in this manuscript of the same phenomenon:

quamuis <choice xml:id="sic-1">
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr>iners</corr>
</choice> que nutu dei gesta
sunt ... unde esset uiriliter
<choice xml:id="sic-2">
 <corr>uegetata</corr>
 <sic>negata</sic>
</choice>

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which may be described as follows:

<note target="#sic-1 #sic-2">Substitution of a more familiar word which resembles
graphically what the scribe should be copying but which does not make sense in
the context.</note>

⚓︎

The target attribute on the note element indicates the choice elements which exemplify this kind of scribal error. This necessitates the addition of an identifier to each choice element. However, if the number of corrections is large and the number of notes is small, it may well be both more practical and more appropriate to regard the collection of annotations as constituting a typology and then use the type attribute. Suppose that the note given above is one of half a dozen possible kinds of corrected phenomena identified in a given text; others might include, say, ‘repetition of a word from the preceding line’, etc. The type attribute on the corr element can be used to specify an arbitrary code for the particular kind of correction (or other editorial intervention) identified within it. This code can be chosen freely and is not treated as a pointer.

quamuis <choice>
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr type="graphSubs">iners</corr>
</choice> que nutu dei gesta sunt ... unde
esset uiriliter
<choice>
 <corr type="graphSubs">uegetata</corr>
 <sic>negata</sic>
</choice>

⚓︎

Note that this encoding might be extended to include a range of possible corrections:

quamuis <choice>
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr type="graphSubs">iners</corr>
 <corr type="reversal">inres</corr>
</choice> que
nutu dei gesta sunt ...

⚓︎

In addition, the conscientious encoder will provide documentation explaining the circumstances in which particular codes are judged appropriate. A suitable location for this might be within the correction element of the encodingDesc of the header, which might include a list such as the following:

<correction>
 <p>The following codes are used to categorize corrections identified in this
   transcription: <list type="gloss">
   <label>graphSubs</label>
   <item>Substitution of a more familiar word which resembles graphically
       what the scribe should be copying but which does not make sense in the
       context.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</correction>

⚓︎

A subtype attribute may be used in conjunction with the type for subclassification purposes: the above examples might thus be represented as <choice type="substitution" subtype="graphicResemblance"> for example.

For a given project, it may well be desirable to limit the possible values for the type or subtype attributes automatically. This is easily done but requires customization of the TEI system using techniques described in 24.3. Customization, in particular 24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists, which should be consulted for further information on this topic.

When making a correction in a source which forms part of a textual tradition attested by many witnesses, a textual editor will sometimes use a reading from one witness to correct the reading of the source text. In the general case, such encoding is best achieved with the mechanisms provided by the module for textual criticism described in chapter 13. Critical Apparatus. However, for simple cases, the source attribute of the corr element may suffice. In the passage from Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Tale mentioned above, Parkes proposes to emend the problematic word wight to wyf which is the reading found in the Cambridge manuscript Gg.1. 27. This may be simply represented as follows:

And of so
parfit wis a <choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#mp" source="#Gg">wyf</corr>
</choice> ywroght?

⚓︎

The value of the source attribute here is, like the value of the resp attribute, a pointer, in this case indicating the manuscript used as a witness. Elsewhere in the transcribed text, a list of witnesses used in this text will be given, one of which has an identifier Gg. Each witness will be represented either by a witness element (see 13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses) or more fully by an msDesc element (see 11. Manuscript Description):

<msDesc xml:id="Gg">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Cambridge</settlement>
  <repository>University Library</repository>
  <idno>Gg.1. 27</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- further description of the manuscript here -->
</msDesc>

⚓︎

The app element described in chapter 13. Critical Apparatus provides a more powerful way of representing all three possible readings in parallel:

And of so parfit wis a <app>
 <rdg wit="#Hg">wight</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ln #Ry2 #Ld">wright</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Gg">wyf</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

This encoding simply records the three readings found in the various traditions, and gives (by means of the wit attribute) an indication of the witnesses supporting each. If the resp attribute were supplied on the rdg element, it would indicate the person responsible for asserting that the manuscript indicated has this reading, who is not necessarily the same as the person responsible for asserting that this reading should be used to correct the others. Editorial intervention elements such as corr can however be nested within a rdg to provide this additional information:

And of so parfit wis a <app>
 <rdg wit="#Hg">wight</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ln #Ry2 #Ld">
  <corr resp="#ETD">wright</corr>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Gg">
  <corr resp="#mp">wyf</corr>
 </rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

This encoding asserts that the reading wyf found in Gg is regarded as a correction by Parkes.

Like the resp attribute, the cert attribute may be used with both corr and rdg elements. When used on the rdg element, these attributes indicate confidence in and responsibility for identifying the reading within the sources specified; when used on the corr element they indicate confidence in and responsibility for the use of the reading to correct the base text. If no other source is indicated (either by the source attribute, or by the wit attribute of a parent rdg), the reading supplied within a corr has been provided by the person indicated by the resp attribute.

If it is desired to express certainty of or responsibility for some other aspect of the use of these elements, then the mechanisms discussed in chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility may be found useful. See also 12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes for further discussion of the issues of certainty and responsibility in the context of transcription.

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TEI: Additions and Deletions⚓︎12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

Additions and deletions observed in a source text may be described using the following elements:

add (addition) contains letters, words, or phrases inserted in the source text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector.

addSpan (added span of text) marks the beginning of a longer sequence of text added by an author, scribe, annotator or corrector (see also add).

del (deletion) contains a letter, word, or passage deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector.

delSpan (deleted span of text) marks the beginning of a longer sequence of text deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise signaled as superfluous or spurious by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.

Of these, add and del are included in the core module, while addSpan and delSpan are available only when using the module defined in this chapter. These particular elements are members of the att.spanning class, from which they inherit the following attribute:

att.spanning provides attributes for elements which delimit a span of text by pointing mechanisms rather than by enclosing it.

spanTo
indicates the end of a span initiated by the element bearing this attribute.

Further characteristics of each addition and deletion, such as the hand used, its effect (complete or incomplete, for example), or its position in a sequence of such operations may conveniently be recorded as attributes of these elements, all of which are members of the att.transcriptional class:

att.transcriptional provides attributes specific to elements encoding authorial or scribal intervention in a text when transcribing manuscript or similar sources.

seq
(sequence) assigns a sequence number related to the order in which the encoded features carrying this attribute are believed to have occurred.

status
indicates the effect of the intervention, for example in the case of a deletion, strikeouts which include too much or too little text, or in the case of an addition, an insertion which duplicates some of the text already present. Sample values include: 1] duplicate; 2] duplicate-partial; 3] excessStart; 4] excessEnd; 5] shortStart; 6] shortEnd; 7] partial; 8] unremarkable

hand [att.written]
points to a handNote element describing the hand considered responsible for the content of the element concerned.

As described in section 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes, the add element is used to record any manuscript addition observed in the text, whether it is considered to be authorial or scribal. In the autograph manuscript of Max Beerbohm's The Golden Drugget, the author's addition of do ever may be recorded as follows, with the hand attribute indicating that the addition was Beerbohm's by referencing a handNote element defined elsewhere in the document (see further 12.3.2.1. Document Hands):

Some things are best
at first sight. Others — and here is one of them — <add hand="#mb">do ever</add>
improve by recognition [...]
<handNote xml:id="mb">Max Beerbohm
holograph</handNote>

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The del element is used to record manuscript deletions in a similar way. In the autograph manuscript of D. H. Lawrence's Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani the author's deletion of my may be recorded as follows. In this case, the hand attribute indicating that the deletion was Lawrence's is complemented by a rend attribute indicating that the deletion was by strike-through:

For I hate this <del rend="strikethrough" hand="#dhl">my</del> body, which is so dear to me ...

<handNote xml:id="dhl">D H Lawrence holograph</handNote>

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If deletions are classified systematically, the type attribute may be useful to indicate the classification; when they are classified by the manner in which they were effected, or by their appearance, however, this will lead to a certain arbitrariness in deciding whether to use the type or the rend attribute to hold the information. In general, it is recommended that the rend attribute be used for description of the appearance or method of deletion, and that the type attribute be reserved for higher level or more abstract classifications.

The place attribute is also available to indicate the location of an addition. For example, consider the following passage from a draft letter by Robert Graves:

Figure 20. Draft letter from Robert Graves to Desmond Flower, 17 Dec 1938 (detail).

At the end of this extract, the writer inserts the word ‘cant,’ above the line, with a stroke to indicate insertion. Assuming that we have previously defined the identifier RG somewhere:

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="RG">
<!-- information about Robert Graves here -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

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, this extract might now be encoded as follows:

The O.E.D. is not a
dictionary so much as a corpus of precedents <del hand="#RG">in the</del>:
current, obsolete, <add hand="#RG" place="above">cant,</add> cataphretic and
nonce-words are all included.

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A little earlier in the same extract, Graves writes ‘for an abridgement’ above the line, and then deletes it. This may be encoded similarly:

As for 'significant artist.' You quote the O.E.D <del>
 <add hand="#RG" place="above">for an abridgement</add>
</del> in explanation...

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Similarly, in the margin, the word ‘Norton’ has been added and then deleted:

You
quote the <del>
 <add hand="#RG" place="margin">Norton</add>
</del> O.E.D...

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The word ‘O.E.D.’ in this first sentence has also clearly been the result of some redrafting: it may be that Graves started to write ‘Oxford’, and then changed it; it may be that he inserted other punctuation marks between the letters before replacing them with the centre dots used elsewhere to represent this acronym. We do not deal with these possibilities here, and mention them only to indicate that any encoding of manuscript material of this complexity will need to make decisions about what is and is not worth mentioning.

An encoder may also wish to indicate that an addition replaces a specific deletion, that is to encode a substitution as a single intervention in the text. This may be achieved by grouping the addition and deletion together within a subst element. At the end of the passage illustrated above, Graves first writes ‘It is the expressed...’, then deletes ‘It is’, and substitutes an uppercase T at the start of ‘the’.

... are all included. <del hand="#RG">It is</del>
<subst>
 <add>T</add>
 <del>t</del>
</subst>he expressed

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The use of this element and of the seq attribute to indicate the order in which interventions such as deletions are believed to have occurred are further discussed in section 12.3.1.5. Substitutions below.

The add and del elements defined in the core module suffice only for the description of additions and deletions which fit within the structure of the text being transcribed, that is, which each deletion or addition is completely contained by the structural element (paragraph, line, division) within which it occurs. Where this is not the case, for example because an individual addition or deletion involves several distinct structural subdivisions, such as poems or prose items, or otherwise crosses a structural boundary in the text being encoded, special treatment is needed. The addSpan and delSpan elements are provided by this module for that purpose. (For a general discussion of the issue see further 21. Non-hierarchical Structures).

In this example of the use of addSpan, the insertion by Helgi Ólafsson of a gathering containing four neo-Eddic poems into Lbs 1562 4to is recorded as follows. A handNote element is first declared, within the header of the document, to associate the identifier heol with Helgi. Each of the added poems is encoded as a distinct div element. In the body of the text, an addSpan element is placed to mark the beginning of the span of added text, and an anchor is used to mark its end. The hand attribute on the addSpan element ascribes responsibility for the addition to the manuscript to Helgi, and the spanTo attribute points to the end of the added text:

<handNote xml:id="heol"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added gathering" hand="#heol"
  spanTo="#p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

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The delSpan element is used in the same way. An authorial manuscript will often contain several occasions where sequences of whole lines are marked for deletion, either by boxes or by being struck out. If the encoder is marking up individual verse lines with the l element, such deletions are problematic: deletion of two consecutive lines should be regarded as a single deletion, but the del element must be properly nested within a single l element. The delSpan element solves this problem:

<l>Flowed up the hill and down King William Street,</l>
<delSpan spanTo="#EPdelEnd" resp="#EP"
 rend="strikethrough"/>
<l>To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the time,</l>
<l>With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine.</l>
<anchor xml:id="EPdelEnd"/>
<l>There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying "Stetson!</l>...

⚓︎

It is also often the case that deletions and additions may themselves contain other deletions and additions. For example, in Thomas Moore's autograph of the second version of Lalla Rookh two lines are marked for omission by vertical strike-through. Within the first of the two lines, the word upon has also been struck out, and the word over has been added:

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend01"/> Tis moonlight
<del>upon</del>
 <add>over</add> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend01"/>
</l>

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In this case the anchor and delSpan have been placed within the structural elements (the ls) rather than between, as in the previous example. This is to indicate that placement of these empty elements is arbitrary.

The text deleted must be at least partially legible, in order for the encoder to be able to transcribe it. If all of part of it is not legible, the gap element should be used to indicate where text has not been transcribed, because it could not be. The unclear element described in section 12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text may be used to indicate areas of text which cannot be read with confidence. See further section 12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription and section 12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text.

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TEI: Substitutions⚓︎12.3.1.5. Substitutions

Substitution of one word or phrase for another is perhaps the most common of all phenomena requiring special treatment in transcription of primary textual sources. It may be simply one word written over the top of another, or deletion of one word and its replacement by another written above it by the same hand on the same occasion; the deletion and replacement may be done by different hands at different times; there may be a long chain of substitutions on the same stretch of text, with uncertainty as to the order of substitution and as to which of many possible readings should be preferred.

As we have shown, the simplest method of recording a substitution is simply to record both the addition and the deletion. However, when the module defined by this chapter is in use, additional elements are available to indicate that the encoder believes the addition and the deletion to be part of the same intervention: a substitution.

subst (substitution) groups one or more deletions (or surplus text) with one or more additions when the combination is to be regarded as a single intervention in the text.

substJoin (substitution join) identifies a series of possibly fragmented additions, deletions, or other revisions on a manuscript that combine to make up a single intervention in the text.

Using the subst element, the example at the end of the last section might be encoded as follows:

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend02"/> Tis moonlight
<subst>
  <del>upon</del>
  <add>over</add>
 </subst> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend02"/>
</l>

⚓︎

Since the purpose of this element is solely to group its child elements together, the order in which they are presented is not significant. When both deletion and addition are present, it may not always be clear which occurs first: using the seq attribute is a simple way of resolving any such ambiguities.

For example, returning to the example from William James, in a passage first written out by James as ‘One must have lived longer with this system, to appreciate its advantages’, the word this is first replaced by such a and this is then replaced by a.⁴⁷ This may be encoded as follows, representing the two changes as a sequence of additions and deletions:

One must have lived longer
with <subst>
 <del seq="1">this</del>
 <del seq="2">
  <add seq="1">such a</add>
 </del>
 <add seq="2">a</add>
</subst> system, to appreciate its advantages.

⚓︎

Note the nesting of an add element within a del to record text first added, then deleted in the source. The numbers assigned by the seq attribute may be used to identify the order in which the various additions and deletions are believed by the encoder to have been carried out, and thus provide a simple method of supporting the kind of ‘genetic’ textual criticism typified by (for example) Hans Walter Gabler's work on the reconstruction of the ‘overlay’ levels implicit in the manuscripts of James Joyce's Ulysses. A fuller and more complex way of supporting such an approach is discussed in 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions.

A special case of a substitution may consist of a superfluous word or phrase that is silently replaced by some addition. E.g. a scribe abandons a word (without indicating it should be deleted), and then writes a replacement word immediately after. Here the encoder may interpret this as an ‘unmarked’ deletion which can then be combined with a corresponding addition to a substitution.

The case of a single substitution or scribal correction that involves non-contiguous addition and deletion can be handled by using the substJoin element to make an explicit connection between one or more add and del elements. In the following example from Thomas Moore's Lalla Rookh, the deletion and addition are not contiguous: they are separated by the word ‘thus’, which is not part of the scribal intervention being marked. Because of this intervening text, it would be inappropriate to use subst to group this add and del. substJoin allows the encoder to indicate that additions and deletions separated in this way are part of a single scribal intervention:

While <del xml:id="change1">pondering</del> thus <add xml:id="change2">she mus'd</add>, her pinions
fann'd
<substJoin target="#change1 #change2"/>

⚓︎

Note that, unlike subst, the placement of the substJoin is arbitrary. It may occur before or after the relevant add and del elements.

As a more complex example, consider the following passage:

Figure 21. Detail from Dulce et decorum est autograph manuscript in the English Faculty Library, Oxford University.

This passage might be encoded as follows:

<l>And towards our distant rest began to trudge,</l>
<l>
 <subst>
  <del>Helping the worst amongst us</del>
  <add>Dragging the worst amongt
     us</add>
 </subst>, who'd no boots
</l>
<l>But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; <subst>
  <del status="shortEnd">half-</del>
  <add>all</add>
 </subst> blind;</l>
<l>Drunk with fatigue ; deaf even to the hoots</l>
<l>Of tired, outstripped <del>fif</del> five-nines that dropped
behind.</l>

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In this representation,

the authorial slip (amongt for amongst) is retained without comment.

the other two authorial corrections are marked as substitutions, each combining a deletion and an addition.

the false start fif in the last line is simply marked as a deletion;

The app element presented in chapter 13. Critical Apparatus provides similar facilities, by treating each state of the text as a distinct reading. The rdg element has a varSeq attribute which may be used in the same way as the seq attribute to indicate the preferred sequence. The James example above might thus be represented as follows:

One must have lived longer with <app>
 <rdg varSeq="1">
  <del>this</del>
 </rdg>
 <rdg varSeq="2">
  <del>
   <add>such a</add>
  </del>
 </rdg>
 <rdg varSeq="3">
  <add>a</add>
 </rdg>
</app> system, to appreciate its advantages.

⚓︎

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TEI: Cancellation of Deletions and Other Markings⚓︎12.3.1.6. Cancellation of Deletions and Other Markings

An author or scribe may mark a word or phrase in some way, and then on reflection decide to cancel the marking. For example, text may be marked for deletion and the deletion then cancelled, thus restoring the deleted text. Such cancellation may be indicated by the restore element:

restore (restore) indicates restoration of text to an earlier state by cancellation of an editorial or authorial marking or instruction.

This element bears the same attributes as the other transcriptional elements. These may be used to supply further information such as the hand in which the restoration is carried out, the type of restoration, and the person responsible for identifying the restoration as such, in the same way as elsewhere.

Presume that Lawrence decided to restore my to the phrase of Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani first written ‘For I hate this my body’, with the my first deleted then restored by writing ‘stet’ in the margin. This may be encoded:

For I hate this <restore hand="#dhl"
 type="marginalStetNote">
 <del>my</del>
</restore> body

⚓︎

Another feature commonly encountered in manuscripts is the use of circles, lines, or arrows to indicate transposition of material from one point in the text to another. No specific markup for this phenomenon is proposed at this time. Such cases are most simply encoded as additions at the point of insertion and deletions at the point of encirclement or other marking.

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TEI: Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription⚓︎12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

Where text is not transcribed, whether because of damage to the original, or because it is illegible, or for some other reason such as editorial policy, the gap core element may be used to register the omission; where such text is transcribed, but the editor wishes to indicate that they consider it to be superfluous, for example because it is an inadvertent scribal repetition or an interpolation from another source, the surplus element may be used in preference. Where the editor believes text to be interpolated but genuine, the secl element may be used instead. Where text not present in the source is supplied (whether conjecturally or from other witnesses) to fill an apparent gap in the text, the supplied element may be used.

gap (gap) indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible, invisible, or inaudible.

reason | (reason) gives the reason for omission. Suggested values include: 1] cancelled (cancelled); 2] deleted (deleted); 3] editorial (editorial); 4] illegible (illegible); 5] inaudible (inaudible); 6] irrelevant (irrelevant); 7] sampling (sampling)
agent | (agent) in the case of text omitted because of damage, categorizes the cause of the damage, if it can be identified. Sample values include: 1] rubbing (rubbing); 2] mildew (mildew); 3] smoke (smoke)

surplus (surplus) marks text present in the source which the editor believes to be superfluous or redundant.

reason
one or more words indicating why this text is believed to be superfluous, e.g. repeated, interpolated etc.

secl (secluded text) Secluded. Marks text present in the source which the editor believes to be genuine but out of its original place (which is unknown).

reason
one or more words indicating why this text has been secluded, e.g. interpolated etc.

supplied (supplied) signifies text supplied by the transcriber or editor for any reason; for example because the original cannot be read due to physical damage, or because of an obvious omission by the author or scribe.

reason
one or more words indicating why the text has had to be supplied, e.g. overbinding, faded-ink, lost-folio, omitted-in-original.

By its nature, the gap element has no content. It marks a point in the text where nothing at all can be read, whether because of authorial or scribal erasure, physical damage, or any other form of illegibility. Its attributes allow the encoder to specify the amount of text which is illegible in this way at this point, using any convenient units, where this can be determined. For example, in the Beerbohm manuscript of The Golden Drugget cited above, the author has erased a passage amounting about 10 cm in length by inking over it completely:

Others <gap reason="cancelled" quantity="10"
 unit="cm"/>—and here is one of
them...

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In an autograph letter of Sydney Smith now in the Pierpont Morgan library three words in the signature are quite illegible:

I am dr Sr yr <gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="word"/>Sydney Smith

bibliography ⚓︎

The degree of precision attempted when measuring the size of a gap will vary with the purpose of the encoding and the nature of the material: no particular recommendation is made here.

As noted above, the gap element should only be used where text has not been transcribed. If partially legible text has been transcribed, one of the elements damage and unclear should be used instead (these elements are described in section 12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text); if the text is legible and has been transcribed, but the editor wishes to indicate that they regard it is superfluous or redundant, then the element surplus may be used in preference to the core element sic used to indicate text regarded as erroneous.

Amongst the many examples cited in Hans Krummrey & Silvio Panciera's classic text on the editing of epigraphic inscriptions is the following. In a late classical inscription, the form ‘dedikararunt’ is encountered. The editor may choose any of the following three possibilities:

mark this as an erroneous form

<sic>dedikararunt</sic>

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additionally supply a corrected form

<choice>
 <sic>dedikararunt</sic>
 <corr>dedikarunt</corr>
</choice>

bibliography ⚓︎

indicate that the erroneous form contains surplus characters which the editor wishes to suppress

dedika<surplus>ra</surplus>runt

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The surplus element may also be used to mark up interpolations, as in the following example taken from a 13th century Italian source:

<l n="4">a darmi morte, poi m'avete preso <surplus reason="interpolated">a
   tradimento</surplus>
</l>
<l n="5">sì com' l'uccellator prende l'uccello</l>
<gap/>
<l n="43">e lettere dintorno che diriano <surplus reason="interpolated">in questa
   guisa</surplus>
</l>
<l n="44">Più v'amo, dëa, che non faccio Deo</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

The words marked as surplus here are metrically inconsistent with the rest and have been marked by the editor as such.

In the case of an interpolation which the editor regards as genuine (i.e. written by the author in question), but out of its original place, the secl element should be used instead of surplus. For example:

<sp>   <ab>     <lb n="545"/>Great praise and thanks be to Perfidy as she     <lb n="546"/>deserves, since by our swindles, tricks, and clever moves, relying      <lb n="547"/>on the daring of our shoulder blades and the excellence of our      <lb n="548"/>forearms who went against cattle-prods, hot iron-blades,      <lb n="549-550"/>crosses and shackles, neck-irons, chains, prisons, collars, fetters,      <lb n="551"/>and yokes, the fiercest painters fully acquainted with our backs      <lb n="552"/><secl>who have often before put scars on our shoulder blades</secl>     ...   </ab> </sp>            

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The final line is bracketed in the Loeb edition, with a note: ‘versum secl. Bothe’, meaning Bothe regarded this line as Plautine, but probably interpolated. It is easy to see how the line might have crept in as a gloss on the metaphor in the previous line.

If some part of the source text is completely illegible or missing, an encoder may sometimes wish to supply new (conjectural) material to replace it. This conjectural reading is analogous to a correction in that it contains text provided by the encoder and not attested in the source. This is not however a correction, since no error is necessarily present in the original; for that reason a different element supplied should be used. If another (imaginary) copy of the letter above preserved the signature as reading ‘I am dear Sir your very humble Servt Sydney Smith’, the text illegible in the autograph might be supplied in the transcription:

I am dr Sr yr
<supplied reason="illegible" resp="#msm"
 source="#Ry2">very humble
Servt</supplied> Sydney Smith

⚓︎

Here the source and resp attributes are used, as elsewhere, to indicate respectively the sigil of a manuscript from which the supplied reading has been taken, and the identifier of the person responsible for deciding to supply the text. If the source attribute is not supplied, the implication is that the encoder (or whoever is indicated by the value of the resp attribute) has supplied the missing reading. Both gap and supplied may be used in combination with unclear, damage, and other elements; for discussion, see section 12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination.

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TEI: Hands and Responsibility⚓︎12.3.2. Hands and Responsibility

This section discusses in more detail the representation of aspects of responsibility perceived or to be recorded for the writing of a primary source. These include points at which one scribe takes over from another, or at which ink, pen, or other characteristics of the writing change. A discussion of the usage of the hand, resp, and cert attributes is also included.

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TEI: Document Hands⚓︎12.3.2.1. Document Hands

For many text-critical purposes it is important to signal the person responsible (the hand) for the writing of a whole document, a stretch of text within a document, or a particular feature within the document. A hand, as the name suggests, need not necessarily be identified with a particular known (or unknown) scribe or author; it may simply indicate a particular combination of writing features recognized within one or more documents. The examples given above of the use of the hand attribute with coding of additions and deletions illustrate this.

The handNote element is used to provide information about each hand distinguished within the encoded document.

handNote (note on hand) describes a particular style or hand distinguished within a manuscript.

A handNote element, with an identifier given by its xml:id attribute, may appear in either of two places in the TEI header, depending on which modules are included in a schema. When the transcr module defined by the present chapter is used, the element handNotes is available, within the profileDesc element of the TEI header, to hold one or more handNote elements. When the msdescription module defined in chapter 11. Manuscript Description is included, the handDesc element described in 11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations also becomes available as part of a structured manuscript description. The encoder may choose to place handNote elements identifying individual hands in either location without affecting their accessibility since the element is always addressed by means of its xml:id attribute. The handDesc element may be more appropriate when a full cataloguing of each manuscript is required; the handNotes element if only a brief characterization of each hand is needed. It is also possible to use the two elements together if, for example, the handDesc element contains a single summary describing all the hands discursively, while the handNotes element gives specific details of each. The choice will depend on individual encoders' priorities.

As shown above, the hand attribute is available on several elements to indicate the hand in which the content of the element (usually a deletion or addition) is carried out. The handShift element may also be used within the body of a transcription to indicate where a change of hand is detected for whatever reason.

handShift (handwriting shift) marks the beginning of a sequence of text written in a new hand, or the beginning of a scribal stint.

A handShift element can be used to indicate a change of hand even within an element with a hand attribute. The text following the handShift must be considered to be in the new hand.

Both handShift and handNote are members of the att.handFeatures class, and thus share the following attributes:

att.handFeatures provides attributes describing aspects of the hand in which a manuscript is written.

scribe | gives a name or other identifier for the scribe believed to be responsible for this hand.
script | characterizes the particular script or writing style used by this hand, for example secretary, copperplate, Chancery, Italian, etc.
scribeRef | points to a full description of the scribe concerned, typically supplied by a person element elsewhere in the description.
scriptRef | points to a full description of the script or writing style used by this hand, typically supplied by a scriptNote element elsewhere in the description.
medium | describes the tint or type of ink, e.g. brown, or other writing medium, e.g. pencil.
scope [att.scope] | indicates the scope of application of the element Suggested values include: 1] sole; 2] major; 3] minor

A single hand may employ different writing styles and inks within a document, or may change character. For example, the writing style might shift from ‘anglicana’ to ‘secretary’, or the ink from blue to brown, or the character of the hand may change. Simple changes of this kind may be indicated by assigning a new value to the appropriate attribute within the handShift element. It is for the encoder to decide whether a change in these properties of the writing style is so marked as to require treatment as a distinct hand.

Where such a change is to be identified, the new attribute indicates the hand applicable to the material following the handShift. The sequence of such handShift elements will often, but not necessarily, correspond with the order in which the material was originally written. Where this is not the case, the facilities described in section 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions may be found helpful.

As might be expected, a single hand may also vary renditions within the same writing style, for example medieval scribes often indicate a structural division by emboldening all the words within a line. Such changes should be indicated by use of the rend attribute, in the same manner as underlining, emboldening, font shifts, etc. are represented in transcription of a printed text, rather than by introducing a new handShift element.

In the following example there is a change of ink within a single hand. This is simply indicated by a new value for the medium attribute on the handShift element:

<l>When wolde the cat dwelle in his ynne</l>
<handShift medium="greenish-ink"/>
<l>And if the cattes skynne be slyk <handShift medium="black-ink"/> and
gaye</l>

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In the following example, the encoder has identified two distinct hands within the document and given them identifiers h1 and h2, by means of the following declarations included in the document's TEI header:

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="h1" script="copperplate"
  medium="brown-ink">Carefully written
   with regular descenders</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="h2" script="print"
  medium="pencil">Unschooled
   scrawl</handNote>
</handNotes>

⚓︎

Then the change of hand is indicated in the text:

<handShift new="#h1" resp="#das"/>... and that good Order Decency and regular worship may be once
more introduced and Established in this Parish according to the Rules and
Ceremonies of the Church of England and as under a good Consciencious and sober
Curate there would and ought to be <handShift new="#h2" resp="#das"/> and for that
purpose the parishioners pray

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When a more precise or nuanced discussion of the writing in a manuscript is required, the handNote and scriptNote elements discussed in 11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations should be used. Either element may serve as the target for a handShift.

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TEI: Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes⚓︎12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

The hand and resp attributes have similar, but not identical, meanings. Observe their distinctive uses in the following encoding of the William James passage mentioned above in section 12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture. In this example, the But inserted by James is tagged as an add, and the consequent editorial correction of One to one treated separately:

<add place="above" resp="#FB" hand="#WJ">But</add>
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr resp="#FB">one</corr>
</choice> must have lived ...
<!-- elsewhere -->
<respStmt xml:id="FB">
 <resp>editorial changes</resp>
 <name>Fredson Bowers</name>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="WJ">
 <resp>authorial changes</resp>
 <name>William James</name>
</respStmt>

⚓︎

As in this example, hand should be reserved for indicating the hand of any form of marking—here, addition but also deletion, correction, annotation, underlining, etc.—within the primary text being transcribed. The scribal or authorial responsibility for this marking may be inferred from the value of the hand attribute. The value of the hand attribute should be a pointer to a hand identifiers typically declared in the document header but potentially in another document or repository (see section 12.3.2.1. Document Hands).

The resp attribute, by contrast, indicates the person responsible for deciding to mark up this part of the text with this particular element. In the case of the add element, for example, the resp attribute will indicate the responsibility for identifying that the addition is indeed an addition, and also (if the hand attribute is supplied) to which hand it should be attributed. In this case, Bowers is credited with identifying the hand as that of William James. In the case of the corr element, the resp attribute indicates who is responsible for supplying the intellectual content of the correction reported in the transcription: here, Bowers' correction of ‘One’ to ‘one’. In the case of a deletion, the resp attribute will similarly indicate who bears responsibility for identifying or categorizing the deletion itself, while other attributes (hand most obviously) attribute responsibility for the deletion itself. It should be noted that the source attribute may be used in a simiilar fashion to indicate, for example, when an encoding decision is based on the work of a previous editor or on an article. In that case, the source would point to a bibl in the bibliography.

In cases where both the resp and cert attributes are defined for a particular element, the two attributes refer to the same aspect of the markup. The one indicates who is intellectually responsible for some item of information, the other indicates the degree of confidence in the information. Thus, for a correction, the resp attribute signifies the person responsible for supplying the correction, while the cert attribute signifies the degree of editorial confidence felt in that correction. For the expansion of an abbreviation, the resp attribute signifies the person responsible for supplying the expansion and the cert attribute signifies the degree of editorial confidence felt in the expansion.

This close definition of the use of the resp and cert attributes with each element is intended to provide for the most frequent circumstances in which encoders might wish to make unambiguous statements regarding the responsibility for and certainty of aspects of their encoding. The resp and cert attributes, as so defined, give a convenient mechanism for this. However, there will be cases where it is desirable to state responsibility for and certainty concerning other aspects of the encoding. For example, one may wish in the case of an apparent addition to state the responsibility for the use of the add element, rather than the responsibility for identifying the hand of the addition. It may also be that one editor may make an electronic transcription of another editor's printed transcription of a manuscript text—here, one will wish to assign layers of responsibility, so as to allow the reader to determine exactly what in the final transcription was the responsibility of each editor. In these complex cases of divided editorial responsibility for and certainty concerning the content, attributes, and application of a particular element, the more general mechanisms for representing certainty and responsibility described in chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility should be used.

It should be noted that the certainty and responsibility mechanisms described in chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility replicate all the functions of the resp and cert attributes on particular elements. For example, the encoding of Donaldson's conjectured emendation of wight to wright in line 117 of Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Prologue (see 12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture) may be encoded as follows using the resp and cert attributes on the corr element:

<choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#ETD" cert="medium">wright</corr>
</choice>

⚓︎

Exactly the same information could be conveyed using the certainty and responsibility mechanisms, as follows:

<choice>
 <corr xml:id="c117">wright</corr>
 <sic>wight</sic>
</choice>
<certainty target="#c117" locus="value"
 degree="0.7"/>
<respons target="#c117" locus="value"
 resp="#ETD"/>

⚓︎

The choice of which mechanism to use is left to the encoder. In transcriptions where only such statements of responsibility and certainty are made as can be accommodated within the resp and cert attributes of particular elements, it will be economical to use the resp and cert attributes of those elements. Where many statements of responsibility and certainty are made which cannot be so accommodated, it may be economical to use the respons and certainty elements throughout.

The above discussion supposes that in each case an encoder is able to specify exactly what it is that one wishes to state responsibility for and certainty about. Situations may arise when an encoder wishes to make a statement concerning certainty or responsibility but is unable or unwilling to specify so precisely the domain of the certainty or responsibility. In these cases, the note element may be used with the type attribute set to ‘cert’ or ‘resp’ and the content of the note giving a prose description of the state of affairs.

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TEI: Damage and Conjecture⚓︎12.3.3. Damage and Conjecture

The carrier medium of a primary source may often sustain physical damage which makes parts of it hard or impossible to read. In this section we discuss elements which may be used to represent such situations and give recommendations about how these should be used in conjunction with the other related elements introduced previously in this chapter.

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TEI: Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text⚓︎12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

The gap and supplied elements described above (section 12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription) should be used with appropriate attributes where the degree of damage or illegibility in a text is such that nothing can be read and the text must be either omitted or supplied conjecturally or from one or more other sources. In many cases, however, despite damage or illegibility, the text may yet be read with reasonable confidence. In these cases, the following elements should be used:

damage (damage) contains an area of damage to the text witness.

damageSpan (damaged span of text) marks the beginning of a longer sequence of text which is damaged in some way but still legible.

As members of the class att.damaged, these elements bear the following attributes:

att.damaged provides attributes describing the nature of any physical damage affecting a reading.

hand [att.written]
points to a handNote element describing the hand considered responsible for the content of the element concerned.

agent
categorizes the cause of the damage, if it can be identified. Sample values include: 1] rubbing; 2] mildew; 3] smoke

degree
provides a coded representation of the degree of damage, either as a number between 0 (undamaged) and 1 (very extensively damaged), or as one of the codes high, medium, low, or unknown. The damage element with the degree attribute should only be used where the text may be read with some confidence; text supplied from other sources should be tagged as supplied.

group
assigns an arbitrary number to each stretch of damage regarded as forming part of the same physical phenomenon.

The class att.damaged is a subclass of the class att.dimensions, itself a subclass of the class att.ranging. Consequently these elements also therefore bear at least the following attributes:

att.dimensions provides attributes for describing the size of physical objects.

extent | indicates the size of the object concerned using a project-specific vocabulary combining quantity and units in a single string of words.
unit | names the unit used for the measurement Suggested values include: 1] cm (centimetres); 2] mm (millimetres); 3] in (inches); 4] line; 5] char (characters)
quantity | specifies the length in the units specified

att.ranging provides attributes for describing numerical ranges.

min | where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the minimum value observed.
max | where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the maximum value observed.
atLeast | gives a minimum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
atMost | gives a maximum estimated value for the approximate measurement.

From the att.spanning class, damageSpan inherits the following additional attribute:

att.spanning provides attributes for elements which delimit a span of text by pointing mechanisms rather than by enclosing it.

spanTo
indicates the end of a span initiated by the element bearing this attribute.

The following examples all refer to the recto of folio 5 of the unique manuscript of the Elder Edda. Here, the manuscript of Vóluspá has been damaged through irregular rubbing so that letters in various places are obscured and in some cases cannot be read at all.

In the first line of this leaf, the transcriber may believe that the last three letters of daga can be read clearly despite the damage:

um aldr
d<damage>aga</damage> yndisniota

bibliography ⚓︎

If, as is often the case, the damage crosses structural divisions, so that the damage element cannot be nested properly within the containing div elements, the damageSpan element may be used, in the same way as the delSpan and addSpan elements discussed in section 12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions.

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <pb n="5r"/>
 <damageSpan agent="rubbing"
  extent="whole leaf" spanTo="#damageEnd"/>
</p>
<p> [...] </p>
<p> [...] <pb n="5v" xml:id="damageEnd"/>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that in this example the spanTo element points to the next pb element rather than to an inserted anchor element, since it is the whole of the leaf (the text between the two pb elements) which has sustained damage. For other techniques of handling non-nesting information, see chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures.

If, as is also likely, the damage affects several disjoint parts of the text, each such part must be marked with a separate damage or damageSpan element. To indicate that each of these is to be regarded as forming part of the same damaged area, the group attribute may be used as in the following example. In this (imaginary) text of Fitzgerald's translation from Omar Khayam, water damage has affected an area covering parts of several lines:

<l> The Moving Finger wri<damage agent="water" group="1">es; and</damage> having writ,</l>
<l>Moves <damage agent="water" group="1">on: nor all your</damage> Piety nor
Wit</l>
<l>
 <damageSpan agent="water" group="1"
  spanTo="#washOut"/>Shall lure it back to
cancel half a Line,
</l>
<l>Nor all your Tears wash <anchor xml:id="washOut"/> out a Word of it</l>

⚓︎

A more general solution to this problem is provided by the join element discussed in 17.7. Aggregation which may be used to link together arbitrary elements of any kind in the transcription. Here, several phenomena of illegibility and conjecture all result from a single cause: an area of damage to the text caused by rubbing at various points. The damage is not continuous, and affects the text at irregular points. In cases such as this, the join element may be used to indicate which tagged features are part of the same physical phenomenon.

If the damage has been so severe as to render parts of the text only imperfectly legible, the unclear element should be used to mark the fact. Returning to the Eddic example above, an encoder less confident in the daga reading might indicate this as follows:

um aldr d<unclear reason="damage">aga</unclear> yndisniota

⚓︎

If it is desired to supply more information about the kind of damage, it is also possible to nest an unclear element within the damage element:

um aldr d<damage agent="rubbing">
 <unclear>aga</unclear>
</damage> yndisniota

⚓︎

Alternatively, the transcriber may not feel able to read the last three letters of daga but may wish to supply them by conjecture. Note the use of the resp attribute to assign the conjecture to Finnur Jónsson:

um aldr d<supplied reason="rubbing" resp="#finjon">aga</supplied>
yndisniota

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The supplied element may if desired be enclosed within a damage element:

um aldr d<damage agent="rubbing">
 <supplied source="#msm">aga</supplied>
</damage>
yndisniota

bibliography ⚓︎

The transcriber may also provide alternative conjectures by enclosing multiple supplied elements within a choice element.

Contrast the use of gap in the next line, where the transcriber believes that four letters cannot be read at all because of the damage:

þar komr inn dimmi
dreki fliugandi naþr frann neþan <gap reason="illegible" agent="rubbing"
 quantity="4" unit="letter"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

As with supplied, this gap might be enclosed by a damage element.

Where elements are nested in this way, information about agency, etc. is by default inherited. In the following imaginary example, there is a smoke-damaged part within which two stretches can be read with some difficulty, and a third stretch which cannot be read at all:

<damage agent="smoke">
 <unclear>and the proof of this is</unclear>
 <gap/>
 <unclear>margin</unclear>
</damage>

⚓︎

The above examples record imperfect legibility due to damage. When imperfect legibility is due to some other reason (typically because the handwriting is ill-formed), the unclear element should be used without any enclosing damage element. In Robert Southey's autograph of The Life of Cowper the final six letters of attention are difficult to read because of the haste of the writing, though reasonably certain from the context.

and
from time to time invited in like manner his att<unclear>ention</unclear>

bibliography ⚓︎

The cert attribute on the unclear element may be used to indicate the level of editorial confidence in the reading contained within it.

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TEI: Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination⚓︎12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

The gap, damage, unclear, supplied, and del elements may be closely allied in their use. For example, an area of damage in a primary source might be encoded with any one of the first four of these elements, depending on how far the damage has affected the readability of the text. Further, certain of the elements may nest within one another. The examples given in the last sections illustrate something of how these elements are to be distinguished in use. This may be formulated as follows:

where the text has been rendered completely illegible by deletion or damage and no text is supplied by the editor in place of what is lost: place an empty gap element at the point of deletion or damage. Note that the gap could be wrapped in a del or damage element. Use the reason attribute to state the cause (damage, deletion, etc.) of the loss of text.

where the text has been rendered completely illegible by deletion or damage and text is supplied by the editor in place of what is lost: surround the text supplied at the point of deletion or damage with the supplied element. Use the reason attribute to state the cause (damage, deletion, etc.) of the loss of text leading to the need to supply the text.

where the text has been rendered partly illegible by deletion or damage so that the text can be read but without perfect confidence: transcribe the text and surround it with the unclear element. Use the reason attribute to state the cause (damage, deletion, etc.) of the uncertainty in transcription and the cert attribute to indicate the confidence in the transcription.

where there is deletion or damage but at least some of the text can be read with perfect confidence: transcribe the text and surround it with the del element (for deletion) or the damage element (for damage). Use appropriate attribute values to indicate the cause and type of deletion or damage. Observe that the degree attribute on the damage element permits the encoding to show that a letter, word, or phrase is not perfectly preserved, though it may be read with confidence.

where there is an area of deletion or damage and parts of the text within that area can be read with perfect confidence, other parts with less confidence, other parts not at all: in transcription, surround the whole area with the del element (for deletion; or the delSpan element where it crosses a structural boundary); or the damage element (for damage). Text within the damaged area which can be read with perfect confidence needs no further tagging. Text within the damaged area which cannot be read with perfect confidence may be surrounded with the unclear element. Places within the damaged area where the text has been rendered completely illegible and no text is supplied by the editor may be marked with the gap element. For each element, one may use appropriate attribute values to indicate the cause and type of deletion or damage and the certainty of the reading.

The rules for combinations of the add and del elements, and for the interpretation of such combinations, are similar:

if one add element (with identifier ADD1) contains another (with identifier ADD2), then the addition ADD1 was first made to the text, and later a second addition (ADD2) was made within that added text:

This is the text <add xml:id="ADD1">with some added <add xml:id="ADD2">(interlinear!)</add> material</add> as
written.

⚓︎

if one del element contains another, and the seq attribute does not indicate otherwise, it should be assumed that the inner deletion was made before the enclosing one. In the following example, the word redundant was deleted before a second deletion removed the entire passage:

<del>This
sentence contains some <del>redundant</del> unnecessary
verbiage.</del>

⚓︎

if a del element contains an add element, the normal interpretation will be that an addition was made within a passage which was later deleted in its entirety:

<del>This
sentence was deleted <add>originally</add> from the
text.</del>

⚓︎

if an add element contains a del element, the normal interpretation will be that a deletion was made from a passage which had earlier been added:

<add>This sentence was
added <del>eventually</del> to the text.</add>

⚓︎

When some text has been blackened out so thoroughly that can no longer be read, the encoding should be:

runs out the door in <gap extent="1 word"/> shirt

⚓︎

For consistency, one might prefer to encode the deletion as such, using del, and containing a gap, as in the following example:

runs out the door in <del>
 <gap extent="1 word"/>
</del> shirt

⚓︎

This is something that would be necessary if one wanted to encode a subst including an illegible deletion:

sum<subst>
 <del>
  <gap extent="2 characters"/>
 </del>
 <add place="inline">mo</add>
</subst>ns

⚓︎

If some parts of the deleted text are readable, and other parts unreadable, it should be encoded as in the following example:

Billy in The <del>
 <gap extent="1 character"/>ng<gap extent="2 characters"/>
</del> Silver Dollar..

⚓︎

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TEI: Marking up the Writing Process⚓︎12.3.4. Marking up the Writing Process

Modifications of various kinds (correction, addition, deletion, etc.) are frequently found within a single document, and may also be inferred when different documents are compared, although it may be an open question as to whether inter-document discrepancies should be regarded in the same way as intra-document alterations. When two witnesses are collated, we may observe that a word present in one is missing from the other: this does not necessarily imply that the word was added to the first witness, nor that it was deleted from the other.

In this section we discuss a number of elements which may be useful when attempting to record traces of the writing process within a document.

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TEI: Generic Modification⚓︎12.3.4.1. Generic Modification

Most, if not all, transcriptional elements imply a certain level of semantic interpretation. For instance, using the add element to encode a word or phrase that occupies interlinear space involves a decision that it has been deliberately inserted as an addition rather than an alternative, and indeed a judgment that it was written after, rather than before, the other lines. Where it is felt desirable to keep the recording of ‘what is on the page’ entirely separate from ‘what is the editor’s interpretation’, the generic mod element may be preferred.

mod represents any kind of modification identified within a single document.

This element simply indicates any kind of modification that has been identified in the document, without prejudice as to its function. Occurrences of the mod element may be categorized by means of their type attribute, and visual aspects of their appearance can be described by means of the rend attribute, but they provide no further interpretation of the function or intention of the passage so marked up. The spanTo attribute may be used to indicate the end of a modified passage if this extends across the boundaries of some other XML element, for example from the middle of one line tagged as a line to the middle of another line some distance further on in the document.

<line>words words words <mod rend="wavy-underlining"
  spanTo="#enduw"/>words with wavy
underline</line> <!-- more lines here -->
<line>wavy underlining finishes
here<anchor xml:id="enduw"/> more words</line>

⚓︎

The distinction between an example such as that above and the simple use of hi to mark the visual salience of the underlining (apart from the use of the spanTo attribute) is that hi does not imply that the visual effect being recorded is understood to represent some kind of modification.

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TEI: Metamarks⚓︎12.3.4.2. Metamarks

By metamark we mean marks such as numbers, arrows, crosses, or other symbols introduced by the writer into a document expressly for the purpose of indicating how the text is to be read. Such marks thus constitute a kind of markup of the document, rather than forming part of the text.

metamark contains or describes any kind of graphic or written signal within a document the function of which is to determine how it should be read rather than forming part of the actual content of the document.

function | describes the function (for example status, insertion, deletion, transposition) of the metamark.
target | identifies one or more elements to which the metamark applies.

Unlike marginal notes or other additions to the text, metamarks are used by the writer to indicate a deliberate alteration of the writing itself, such as ‘move this passage over there’. An addition or annotation by contrast would typically concern some property of the passage other than its intended location or status within the text flow. A metamark may contain text, or some other graphic which the encoder wishes to represent, or it may simply consist of arrows, dots, lines etc. which the encoder simply describes.

The metamark element carries a function attribute which specifies the function of the metamark, using values such as reorder, flag, delete, insert or used. The passage to which the metamark applies may be indicated in either of two ways: the target attribute may be used to point to the element or elements containing the passage concerned, or the spanTo element may be used to point to a position in the document at which the passage concerned finishes. In the latter case, the metamark itself must be supplied at the position in the document where the passage concerned begins; in the former case it may be supplied at any convenient point. Both attributes should not be supplied.

The following example is taken from an 15th century legal book from the city of Göttingen, containing regulations of everyday life issued by the city council

Figure 22. Kundige bok 2, fol 1v.

In the second paragraph, the word lege ("read") was written in the left hand margin, next to the sentence beginning ‘Ock en schullen de bruwere...’. It is thought to function as a metamark, indicating that this sentence forms part of the regulations. A further sentence was then added, while at some later stage the text and also the metamark were deleted. We might encode this as follows as an embedded transcription (keeping in mind that the elements described here can also be used within text):

<delSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L3"/>
<metamark function="flag" target="#zone-1"
 change="#L2">lege</metamark>
<zone xml:id="zone-1" change="#L1">Ock en schullen de bruwere des hilgen dages
nicht over setten noch uppe den stillen fridach bruwen.</zone>
<addSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L2"/>
<zone>Noch nymande over setten, se en sehin denne erst, dat uppe den bonen neyn
stro noch, huw noch flaß ligghe, by pine eyner halven roden, deme bruwere so
wol alse dem bruwheren to murende.</zone>
<anchor xml:id="endDel"/>

⚓︎

The change attribute used here to indicate the sequencing of these various interventions is discussed below, in section 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions. The elements addSpan and delSpan are discussed in section 12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions.

The metamark element may also be used to encode the symbols etc. often found in marked-up proofs such as the following, taken from the Walt Whitman archive:

Figure 23. From a corrected proof of Miracles (Walt Whitman Archive)

In this example, the whole of what was originally the 14th section of the poem has been marked for deletion, both by horizontal and vertical lines, and by the proofreading mark resembling the ‘deleatur’ or ‘dele’ deletion symbol to left and right of the section. The deletion itself might be encoded by using the normal del or delSpan element, and the metamarks by the metamark element. This is quite a different case from that of the next example, in which the writer does not intend to suppress the content, but only to mark that it has been copied to another manuscript or reused.

Figure 24. From "I am that halfgrown angry boy" (MS q 25), David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University.

This page contains internal deletions, additions, and retracings but these are semantically quite different from the apparent ‘deletion’ signalled by the larger of the two single vertical lines, which shows that the written material has been transferred or re-used, not deleted.

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used" target="#X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

⚓︎

In this embedded transcription example, we class as metamarks both the long vertical line and the annotation ‘Entered - yes’. Both metamarks are assumed to indicate that the whole of the written zone with identifier X2 is marked as having been used. metamark can be similarly used within text to encode the same phenomenon as part of a transcription that privileges logical over physical and layout structures.

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TEI: Fixation and Clarification⚓︎12.3.4.3. Fixation and Clarification

A writer may sometimes rewrite material a second time without significant change and in the same place. We consider this a distinct activity from addition as usually defined because no new textual material results; instead the status of existing material is reaffirmed. We may distinguish two variants of this: fixation where the first version was a tentative draft which is subsequently reaffirmed, for example by inking it over; and clarification, where the first version was badly written and has been rewritten for clarity. The element retrace is provided for both cases; its cause attribute may be used to distinguish these or other cases.

retrace contains a sequence of writing which has been retraced, for example by over-inking, to clarify or fix it.

In this simple example, taken from the papers of Henrik Ibsen, the writer wrote the word skuldren hastily, and then returned to it to make the letter l larger and clearer:

Figure 25. From autograph ms of Peer Gynt, Collin 2869, 4°, I.1.1, the Royal Library of Copenhagen

We might transcribe this word as follows:

Sku<retrace cause="unclear">l</retrace>dren

⚓︎

A single rewrite may not be sufficient, and it may be that the document becomes almost unreadable as a result of repeated clarification. In the following example, we can distinguish at least three attempts to write the letters er in the word bægerklang:

Figure 26. Detail from autograph ms Brand in The Royal Library, Denmark (KBK Collin 262)

We might encode this by nesting the retrace element as follows:

ved Bæg<retrace cause="unclear" change="#stage2">
 <retrace cause="unclear" change="#stage1">er</retrace>
</retrace> ...

bibliography ⚓︎

The change attribute used here is discussed further below (12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions).

The retrace element is used only for cases where text has been written multiple times. When metamarks and other markup-like strokes have been rewritten multiple times, the redo element described in the next section should be used in preference.

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TEI: Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications⚓︎12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications

A writer may indicate that an alteration is itself to be altered: for example, a struck-through passage may be restored via a dotted underlining, or the underlining of a passage may be deleted by a wavy line.

The following elements are provided to represent these situations:

redo indicates one or more cancelled interventions in a document which have subsequently been marked as reaffirmed or repeated.

target
points to one or more elements representing the interventions which are being reasserted.

undo indicates one or more marked-up interventions in a document which have subsequently been marked for cancellation.

target
points to one or more elements representing the interventions which are to be reverted or undone.

The element restore (12.3.1.6. Cancellation of Deletions and Other Markings) is provided for the comparatively simple case where a simple deletion is marked as having been subsequently cancelled. The undo element discussed here is more widely applicable and may be used for any kind of cancellation. It points to the element or elements which are being cancelled. These components need not be contiguous, provided that the cancellation is clearly a single act; each distinct act of cancellation requires a distinct undo element, however. Either of the attributes target or spanTo may be used to indicate the passages concerned.

Consider the following imaginary example:

Figure 27. Imaginary example demonstrating restoring and undoing

We hypothesize that the text has gone through three states or changes, as follows:

This is just some sample text, we need a real example.

This is not a real example.

This is just some text, not a real example.

This sequence of events might be encoded as follows:

This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
 <undo spanTo="#Xa" rend="dotted"
  change="#s3"/>just some <anchor xml:id="Xa"/> sample <undo spanTo="#Xb" rend="dotted"
  change="#s3"/>text, <anchor xml:id="Xb"/> we need
</del>
<add change="#s2">not</add> a real example.

⚓︎

using two undo elements, each with a spanTo attribute, to delimit the two parts of the deletion which were reverted at change s3. Note that in this case, since target is not supplied, it is the effect of the parent element (the del) which is assumed to be undone.

Alternatively, we might more economically use the generic seg element to delimit the two sequences whose deletion is being reverted, and then use the target attribute on a single undo element:

This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
 <seg xml:id="X-a">just some</seg> sample <seg xml:id="X-b">text</seg>, we
need
</del>
<add change="#s2">not</add> a real example.

<undo target="#X-a #X-b" rend="dotted"
 change="#s3"/>

⚓︎

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TEI: Transpositions⚓︎12.3.4.5. Transpositions

A transposition occurs when metamarks are found in a document indicating that passages should be moved to a different position. Typically this may be done using arrows, asterisks or numbers, or other means. By definition the result of a transposition is not present in the document, and should not therefore be encoded, if the intention is to represent the actual appearance of the document. Instead, the following elements may be used to indicate the intended reordering:

listTranspose supplies a list of transpositions, each of which is indicated at some point in a document typically by means of metamarks.

transpose describes a single textual transposition as an ordered list of at least two pointers specifying the order in which the elements indicated should be re-combined.

Consider for example, the following extract from an Ibsen manuscript

Figure 28. Extract from autograph Digte (Poems) NBO Ms. 4º 1110a

The underlined numbers 1 and 2 here indicate that, although the word bör precedes the word hör in the text, the order of the two words should be reversed. We may encode this as follows:

<seg xml:id="ib01">bör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib01" place="above">2.</metamark> og
<seg xml:id="ib02">hör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib02" place="above">1.</metamark>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib02"/>
  <ptr target="#ib01"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note the use of the generic seg element to identify the sections of text being transposed. The following example uses an embedded transcription approach, which typically identifies lines of writing with the line element. This makes it trivial to refer to the transposed line, but when encoding transposition within text the encoder will need to find a way to identify the line with another element, such as seg.

Figure 29. Detail from autograph ms of Den episke Brand (KBK Collin 2869)

<line xml:id="ib3">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">2.)</metamark> thi da er du med Himmelen i Pagt; —
</line>
<line xml:id="ib4">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">1.)</metamark> da kan du
Folkets Jøkelhjerter tine;
</line>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib4"/>
  <ptr target="#ib3"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

bibliography ⚓︎

When transposition is made, the whole element indicated is understood to be moved, not just its contents. In the above example, the metamarks are thus understood to be moved along with the lines to which they apply.

One or more listTranspose elements may be supplied either embedded within the text, in the profileDesc of the header, or in a standOff depending on local preference. Each listTranspose can contain one or more transpose elements, each of which defines a single transposition.

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TEI: Alternative Readings⚓︎12.3.4.6. Alternative Readings

Figure 30. Detail from autograph manuscript of the second version of Lalla Rookh, Pierpont Morgan MA 310

In this example two alternative readings are provided, but no preference is indicated. While the author apparently first composed the line ‘Alone before his native river -’, at some later point, he entertained the possibility of using the word beside instead of before. The manuscript supplies no indication of which word Moore favours at this point, although in fact, in the first printed edition of Lalla Rookh the word beside was chosen.

The element alt provided by the linking module gives a simple way of encoding the state of this manuscript, as follows:

Alone <seg xml:id="alt1">before</seg>
<add place="above" xml:id="alt2">beside</add> his native river —

<alt target="#alt1 #alt2" mode="excl"
 weights="0 1"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

The mode attribute here indicates that the two possible readings indicated by the target attribute are mutually exclusive. The weights attribute indicates the relative importance or preference to be attached to the two readings on a scale running from zero (most improbable) to one (most probable). In this case, we have a very strong preference for the second reading because this is the one that appears in the published version of the poem. The alt element is further discussed in section 17.8. Alternation.

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TEI: Instant Corrections⚓︎12.3.4.7. Instant Corrections

The use of elements such as del and add necessarily implies that the modifications they indicate were made at some time after the original writing. An exception to this is where a false start or ‘instant’ correction has been identified: the author starts to write, and then immediately corrects what has been written.

The instant attribute defined by this module may be used on any element which is a member of the att.editLike class to modify this default assumption. When the value of instant is set to true, the addition or deletion is considered to belong to the same change as its parent element, while false means some change later than that of its parent.

An example of false start or instant correction can be seen in the following line:

bibliography

Figure 31. Detail fron [I am a curse], one of the drafts for Whitman's Song of Myself

in which we can detect the following sequence of events:

The letter T is written and then immediately deleted

The word The is written, deleted, and replaced by the word His

The added word His is then deleted

The initial letter i of the words iron necklace is overwritten with a capital I

To indicate that the first of these acts must have taken place during the main act of writing, before the other deletion and additions, we might encode this revision campaign as follows:

<del instant="true">T</del>
<mod type="subst">
 <del>The</del>
 <add place="above">
  <del rend="overstrike">His</del>
 </add>
</mod>
<mod type="subst">
 <del rend="overwritten">i</del>
 <add place="superimposed">I</add>
</mod>ron necklace

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Aspects of Layout⚓︎12.4. Aspects of Layout

The following methods are available to capture general aspects of the layout of material on a page where this is considered important. Within the sourceDoc element, as already indicated, the element surface and surfaceGrp enable the encoder to represent directly the structure of a codex as gatherings or quires, leaves, and surfaces, as in the following example:

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp type="quire" n="1">
  <surfaceGrp type="leaf" n="1">
   <surface type="recto" n="1r">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
   <surface type="verso" n="1v">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
  </surfaceGrp>
  <surfaceGrp type="leaf" n="2">
   <surface type="recto" n="2r">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
   <surface type="verso" n="2v">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
  </surfaceGrp>
<!-- other leaves in first quire -->
 </surfaceGrp>
<!-- other quires here -->
</sourceDoc>

bibliography ⚓︎

In some cases, it may be preferable to define surfaces corresponding with each two page opening, for example where it is clear that the writer regarded each such opening as a single writing surface, with written zones or other features crossing the page divide. An example is shown here:

Figure 32. Opening from autograph ms of Proust's A la recherche du temps perdu (f 42v-43r)

The coloured lines added to this image indicate a number of zones of writing, colour coded to indicate the order in which they were written (purple, then green, then red). For example, the zone marked in red on the left contains a note referring to the purple zone on the right.

This approach assumes that the transcription will primarily be organized in the same way as the physical layout of the source, using embedded transcription elements. Alternatively, where a non-embedded transcription has been provided, using the text element, it is still possible to record gathering beginnings, page beginnings, column beginnings, line beginnings etc. in the source, using the elements described in section 3.11. Reference Systems. Detailed metadata about the physical make-up of a source will usually be summarized by the physDesc component of an msDesc element discussed in 11.7. Physical Description.

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TEI: Space⚓︎12.4.1. Space

The author or scribe may have left space for a word, or for an initial capital, and for some reason the word or capital was never supplied and the space left empty. The presence of significant space in the text being transcribed may be indicated by the space element.

space (space) indicates the location of a significant space in the text.

resp
(responsible party) indicates the individual responsible for identifying and measuring the space.

Note that this element should not be used to mark normal inter-word space or the like.

In line 694 of Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Prologue in the Holkham manuscript the scribe has left a space for a word where other manuscripts read preestes:

By
god if wommen had writen storyes As <space quantity="7" unit="chars"/> han within her
oratoryes

⚓︎

The supplied element discussed in the previous section may be used to supply the text presumed missing:

By god if wommen had writen storyes As
<supplied reason="space" resp="#ETD"
 source="#Hg">preestes</supplied> han within
her oratoryes

⚓︎

Here, the fact of the space within the manuscript is indicated by the value of the reason attribute. The source of the supplied text is shown by the value of the source attribute as the Hengwrt manuscript; the transcriber responsible for supplying the text is ES.

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TEI: Lines⚓︎12.4.2. Lines

One of the more common forms of modification encountered in written documents of any kind is the presence of lines written under, beside, or through the text. Such lines may be of various types: they may be solid, dashed or dotted, doubled or tripled, wavy or straight, or a combination of these and other renderings. The line may be used for emphasis, or to mark a foreign or technical term, or to signal a quotation or a title, etc.: the elements emph, foreign, term, mentioned, or title may be used for these. Where the line has a clear paratextual function the metamark element may be considered more appropriate. Frequently, a scholar may judge that a line is used to delete text: the del element is available to indicate this. In all these cases, the rend attribute may be used to supply further details concerning the style of the line. Thus, Lawrence's deletion by strike-through of my in the autograph of Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani may be encoded:

For I hate this <del rend="strikethrough" hand="#dhl">my</del> body, which is so
dear to me

⚓︎

There will be instances, however, where a scholar wishes only to register the occurrence of lines in the text, without making any judgement as to what the lines signify. In these cases the hi element may be used, with the rend attribute to mark the style of line. In the manuscript of a letter by Robert Browning to George Moulton-Barrett the underlining of the phrase had obtained all the letters to Mr Boyd may be marked-up as follows:

I have once — by
declaring I would prosecute by law — hindered a man's proceedings who <hi rend="underline">had obtained all the letters to Mr Boyd</hi>

bibliography ⚓︎

The above examples presume the common case where a single word or phrase is marked by a line, with no doubt as to where the marking begins or ends and with no overlapping of the area of text with other marked areas of text. Where there is doubt, the certainty element may be used to record the doubt. In the Browning example cited above the underlining actually begins half-way under who, and this uncertainty could be remarked as follows:

I have once — by declaring I would prosecute
by law — hindered a man's proceedings who <hi xml:id="cstart1" rend="underline">had
obtained all the letters to Mr Boyd</hi>
<!-- ... -->
<certainty target="#cstart1" locus="start"
 degree="0.70">
 <desc>may begin with previous word</desc>
</certainty>

⚓︎

Where the area of text marked overlaps other areas of text, for example crossing a structural division, one of the spanning mechanisms mentioned above must be used; for example where the line is thought to mark a deletion, the delSpan element may be used. Where it is desired simply to record the marking of a span of text in circumstances where it is not possible to surround the text with a hi element, the span element may be used with the rend or type attribute indicating the style of line-marking.

More work needs to be done on clarifying the treatment of other textual features marked by lines which might so overlap or nest. For example, in many Middle English manuscripts (e.g. the Jesus and Digby verse collections), marginal sidebars may indicate metrical structure: couplets may be linked in pairs, with the pairs themselves linked into stanzas. Or, marginal sidebars may indicate emphasis, or may point out a region of text on which there is some annotation: in many manuscripts of Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Prologue lines 655–8 are marked with nesting parentheses against which the scribe has written nota.

Such features could be captured by use of the note element, containing a prose description of the manuscript at this point, enhanced by a link to a visual representation (or facsimile) of the feature in question. For example, in the Chaucer example just cited, one may wish to record that the nota is written in the Hengwrt manuscript in the right margin against a single large left parenthesis bracketing the four lines, with two right parentheses in the right margin bracketing two overlapping pairs of lines: the first and third, the second and fourth. The note element allows us to record that the scribe wrote nota, but is not well-adapted to show that the nota points both at all four lines and at two pairs of lines within the four lines. The metamark element discussed in section 12.3.4.2. Metamarks above provides better facilities for this kind of complex annotation.

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TEI: Transcription and Ruby⚓︎12.5. Transcription and Ruby

These Guidelines also provide special elements to support the encoding of ruby annotations, which are common in East Asian textual traditions. These elements provide a method of capturing a specific type of annotation, in addition to the generic methods like the note or interp elements. Both the specific and general methods should integrate well with the transcriptional elements described above, allowing authorial and scribal features to be captured in conjunction with ruby base text and annotations. See 3.4.2. Ruby Annotations for more information about these elements.

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TEI: Headers, Footers, and Similar Matter⚓︎12.6. Headers, Footers, and Similar Matter

Such information as page numbers, signatures, or catchwords may be recorded in a specialized fw element provided for that purpose. Although the name derives from the term forme work, used in description of early printed documents (the ‘forme’ being the block used to hold movable type), the fw element may be used for such features of any document, written or printed. Note that the purpose of this element is to record page numbers etc. actually present in the document being encoded, not necessarily to provide a complete or accurate pagination of it.

Information about pagination etc. may also be provided using the n attribute of the pb or gb elements, or by other appropriate milestone elements, as further discussed in section 3.11. Reference Systems: since this information is usually provided by the encoder, it is not subject to the constraint that it should be present only if textually present in the source being encoded. In text-critical situations it may be useful to provide both a normalized version of the pagination and a representation of the catch-word or numbering, especially when the latter presents a variant reading, or is significant for compositor identification.

fw (forme work) contains a running head (e.g. a header, footer), catchword, or similar material appearing on the current page.

The fw element may be used to encode any of the unchanging portions of a page forme, such as:

running heads (whether repeated or changing on every page, or alternating pages)

running footers

page numbers

catch-words

other material repeated from page to page, which falls outside the stream of the text

It should not be used for marginal glosses, annotations, or textual variants, which should be tagged using gloss, note, or the text-critical tags described in chapter 13. Critical Apparatus, respectively.

For example:

<fw type="head" place="top-centre">Poëms.</fw>
<fw type="pageNum" place="top-right">29</fw>
<fw type="sig" place="bot-centre">E3</fw>
<fw type="catch" place="bot-right">TEMPLE</fw>

⚓︎

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TEI: Identifying Changes and Revisions⚓︎12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

A major purpose of genetic editing is the identification of ‘revision campaigns’ or, more generally, changes. An editor may wish to regard a particular set of alterations (deletions, additions, substitutions, transpositions, etc.) or any other act of writing as a single object for which we use the general term change, to indicate both that one or more of such phenomena preceded or followed another and also to indicate that they are related in some way, for example that one is a consequence of the other. They might also wish to group together certain revisions, regardless of when they might have occurred, based on a variety of other shared characteristics (e.g., corrections of factual errors or revisions that incorporate suggestions made by a given reader). To document this we need:

a system to assign phenomena to a particular ‘change’ as defined above

a way to characterize each such change, in itself and in relation to others.

The element creation (within the TEI header profile description) contains all information relating to the genesis or production of a text. It may contain a listChange element which contains a number of change elements, one for each set of alterations identified:

listChange groups a number of change descriptions associated with either the creation of a source text or the revision of an encoded text.

ordered
indicates whether the ordering of its child change elements is to be considered significant or not.

change (change) documents a change or set of changes made during the production of a source document, or during the revision of an electronic file.

In the following example an editor has identified four distinct sets of alterations:

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="ST-1">First stage, written in ink </change>
   <change xml:id="ST-2">Second stage, with revisions written in the author's hand
       using pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="ST-3">Fixation of the pencilled revisions together with further
       revisions in the author's hand using ink</change>
   <change xml:id="ST-4">Additions in a different hand, probably at a later
       stage</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

⚓︎

The listChange element carries an attribute ordered, which can take the values true or false (the default). The attribute specifies whether the order of child elements signifies a temporal order for the revision campaigns which they document. In the example above, the editor has asserted that the four sets distinguished are ordered chronologically according to the order of the change elements. If necessary, listChange elements can be nested hierarchically. This may be helpful in two cases. Firstly one can build up hypotheses about related revisions step-by-step, starting with change elements of smaller coverage, whose members are certainly related, and then in a subsequent pass grouping these in turn, thereby extending their reach.

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange>
   <change xml:id="o">An unrelated change note</change>
   <listChange xml:id="m">
    <change xml:id="m1">Alterations on one manuscript page, certainly
         related</change>
    <change xml:id="m2">Alterations on another manuscript page, certainly
         related</change>
   </listChange>
   <change xml:id="p">Another unrelated change note</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

⚓︎

A nested listChange element is also useful to indicate a partial ordering of change elements.

<listChange ordered="true">
 <change xml:id="ST1">The first stage</change>
 <listChange ordered="false">
<!-- We have no information about the order of these changes, except that they both followed ST1 and preceded STX -->
  <change xml:id="ST-rev1">A revision of the first stage</change>
  <change xml:id="ST-rev2">Another revision of the first stage</change>
 </listChange>
 <change xml:id="STX">The last stage</change>
</listChange>

⚓︎

In addition to the possibility of being ordered by their sequence within a listChange element, change elements may carry a number of attributes from the att.datable class (period, when, notBefore, notAfter, from, and to) which allow each element to be dated as exactly or inexactly as necessary, in the same way as is currently possible for the TEI date element.

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <date notAfter="1816-07-18"/>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="mod1" when="1816-07-16">The first draft of
   <title>Persuasion</title>, completed by the date <date>July 16 1816</date>
       which is written after the word <q>Finis</q> at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>.</change>
   <change xml:id="mod2"
    notBefore="1816-07-16">After the <date>16th of July</date>
       Austen starts revision of the two final chapters, by rewriting the end and
       adding a new zone (<ref target="#transp-1">pages 32-35</ref>) to be inserted at
   <ref target="#insertion-p1">page 19</ref>. This stage is documented by the
       deletion of the date (<date>July 16 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>, and the addition of more text and of a new date (<date>July 18.
         1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-31">page 31</ref>
   </change>
   <change notBefore="1816-07-18">Before publication, after <date>July 18th,
         1816</date> chapters 10-11 were broken into three chapters, 10, 11, 12, as
       witnessed by the print.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

⚓︎

Each change element, apart from declaring a distinct moment or phase in the creation of the document, may also contain references to other annotations contained within the teiHeader or in the document (as shown in the previous example). Such references, along with the textual content, are purely documentary. The association between a textual component and a change element is always made explicitly, either by using the target attribute on the change element to point to one or more textual elements, or by pointing from the element or elements concerned to the change element by means of their change attribute. If a change element is associated with some element, it is also associated with all of that element's children, unless otherwise indicated, for example by a new value for the change attribute.

In the following simple example, the text at one stage read ‘This is a mouse’, and at the next ‘This is a house mouse’:

<line change="#firstStage">This is a <add change="#secondStage">house</add>
mouse.</line>

⚓︎

In this example, however, the text originally read ‘This is a house’, and subsequently ‘This is a mouse’:

<line change="#firstStage">This is a <mod type="subst" change="#secondStage">
  <del>house</del>
  <add>mouse</add>
 </mod>.</line>

⚓︎

Note that in this case both the deletion and the addition are associated with the second change element. The word ‘house’, because its deletion forms part of this second set of alterations, must have been present originally, whereas the word ‘mouse’ must have been added during the second set of alterations.

Elements such as add and del and the like carry an implied semantics concerning the order in which events in the writing of a document was carried out: something which is deleted must have been written before it was deleted; something which is added must have been added at a later stage of the writing. Even when a combination of such elements is used, the chronology can usually be inferred (see further 12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination). Explicit indication of the set of alterations to which some modification belongs is mostly useful in situations where all the alterations identified in a document are to be grouped, for example chronologically.

The interpretation of change elements with respect to a particular text passage is based on a number of implicit assumptions and constraints which have the effect of minimizing the amount of tagging necessary. The system is also flexible enough to support an explicit distinction between acts of writing and textual alterations, since either of these can be associated with changes described in the encoding. The following example shows an encoding in which the same passage is transcribed twice, once from a documentary perspective, and once from a textual one:

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

⚓︎

The documentary transcription stresses the writing process, while the textual transcription emphasizes textual alterations. In either case, the change of writing activity associated with a particular feature in the transcript is explicitly indicated. From the documentary perspective, by assigning particular modifications to a specific change element, we describe the writing process, in that they specify which segment has been written when . From the textual perspective, the markup concentrates simply on the existence of textual alterations and makes no explicit claims about the order of writing.

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TEI: Other Primary Source Features not Covered in these Guidelines⚓︎12.8. Other Primary Source Features not Covered in these Guidelines

We repeat the advice given at the beginning of this chapter, that these recommendations are not intended to meet every transcriptional circumstance ever likely to be faced by any scholar. They are intended rather as a base to enable encoding of the most common phenomena found in the course of scholarly transcription of primary source materials. These guidelines particularly do not address the encoding of physical description of textual witnesses: the materials of the carrier, the medium of the inscribing implement, the organisation of the carrier materials themselves (as quiring, collation, etc.), and authorial instructions or scribal markup, except insofar as these are involved in the broader question of manuscript description, as addressed by the msdescription module described in chapter 11. Manuscript Description.

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TEI: Module for Transcription of Primary Sources⚓︎12.9. Module for Transcription of Primary Sources

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module transcr: Transcription of primary sources

Elements defined: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex facsimile fw handNotes handShift line listTranspose metamark mod path redo restore retrace secl sourceDoc space subst substJoin supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus transpose undo zone

Classes defined: att.coordinated att.global.change att.global.facs

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

43

The coordinate space may be thought of as a grid superimposed on a rectangular space. Rectangular areas of the grid are defined as four numbers a b c d: the first two identify the grid point which is at the upper left corner of the rectangle; the second two give the grid point located at the lower right corner of the rectangle. The grid point a b is understood to be the point which is located a points from the origin along the x (horizontal) axis, and b points from the origin along the y (vertical) axis.

44

The points attribute supplies a ‘points specification’ in the same form as that required by the <polyline> or <polygon> elements in the SVG standard. See https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/shapes.html#PointsBNF

45

The coordinate space used here is based on pixels, but the mapping between pixels and units in the coordinate space need not be one-to-one; it might be convenient to define a more delicate grid, to enable us to address much smaller parts of the image. This can be done simply by supplying appropriate values for the attributes which define the coordinate space; for example doubling them all would map each pixel to two grid points in the coordinate space.

46

The image is taken from the collection at https://web.archive.org/web/20191023112411/http://ancilla.unice.fr/illustr.html, and was digitized from a copy in the Bibliothèque Municipale de Lyon, by whose kind permission it is included here.

47

The manuscript contains several other substitutions, ignored here for the sake of clarity.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

13. Critical Apparatus

Table of contents

13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses

13.2. Linking the Apparatus to the Text

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

13.4. Strategies for Encoding Variation

13.5. Module for Critical Apparatus

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Scholarly editions of texts, especially texts of great antiquity or importance, often record some or all of the known variations among different witnesses to the text. Witnesses to a text may include authorial or other manuscripts, printed editions of the work, early translations, or quotations of a work in other texts. Information concerning variant readings of a text may be accumulated in highly structured form in a critical apparatus of variants. This chapter defines a module for use in encoding such an apparatus of variants, which may be used in conjunction with any of the modules defined in these Guidelines. It also defines an element class which provides extra attributes for some elements of the core tag set when this module is selected. In printed critical editions, the apparatus takes the form of highly-compressed notes at the bottom of each page. TEI’s critical apparatus module allows variation to be encoded so that such notes may be generated, but it also models the variation so that, for example, interactive editions in which readers can choose which witness readings to display are possible.

Information about variant readings (whether or not represented by a critical apparatus in the source text) may be recorded in a series of apparatus entries, each entry documenting one variation, or set of readings, in the text. Elements for the apparatus entry and readings, and for the documentation of the witnesses whose readings are included in the apparatus, are described in section 13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses. Special tags for fragmentary witnesses are described in section 13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses. The available methods for embedding the apparatus in the rest of the text, or for linking an external apparatus to the text of the edition, are described in section 13.2. Linking the Apparatus to the Text. Finally, several extra attributes for some tags of the core tag set, made available when the additional tag set for text criticism is selected, are documented in section 12.3.1.1. Core Elements for Transcriptional Work.

Scholarly practice in representing critical editions differs widely across disciplines, time periods, and languages. The TEI does not make any recommendations as to which text-critical methods are best suited to any given text. Editors will wish to consider questions such as:

What source documents will be used? Are there many witnesses, few, or one? Are the sources relatively close copies or not?

Will there be a single ‘base’ text? Or will witnesses be separately transcribed?

If a single base text will be used, will it be that of a particular witness, or will the editor attempt to reconstruct an ideal or original text?

Will each reading in an apparatus entry record every attestation (a ‘positive’ apparatus), or merely witnesses that deviate from the base text (a ‘negative’ apparatus)?

Will the readings of most or all witnesses be represented in the apparatus, or only a selection the editor deems relevant?

What level of variation will require distinguishing one witness reading from another? For example, will the editor consider an abbreviated word in a witness as agreeing with the base text, or not?

Will conjectures (variant readings suggested by an editor) be treated differently than readings found in witnesses?

Will there be a need to distinguish different types of variation, for example orthographic vs. morphological or lexical variants?

Different editorial methodologies will produce different answers to these questions, and those answers may influence choices of markup used in the edition. For example, if there will be multiple witness transcriptions and a single apparatus, then the double end-point attachment method may be the best choice of apparatus linking style. The parallel segmentation method may present several advantages to editors producing an edition with a single base text. Editors of single-source editions may care to note material aspects of the text (such as damage or unclear text). On the other hand, editors attempting to synthesize an ideal or original text from many witnesses may feel little need to represent the material aspects of individual witnesses. Editors wishing to distinguish witness readings from conjectures by modern editors may wish to use wit to indicate the former and source for the latter. Differences in types of variation might be marked using type or ana on the rdg element.

Many examples given in this chapter refer to the following texts of the opening (usually just line 1) of Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Prologue, as it appears in each of the four different manuscripts

Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9 (El)

Hengwrt, National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D (Hg)

British Library Lansdowne 851 (La)

Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149 (Ra2)

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TEI: The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses⚓︎13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses

This section introduces the fundamental markup methods used to encode textual variations:

the app element for entries in the critical apparatus: see section 13.1.1. The Apparatus Entry.

elements for identifying individual readings: see section 13.1.2. Readings.

ways of grouping readings together: see section 13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries.

methods of identifying which witnesses support a particular reading, and for describing the witnesses included in the apparatus: see section 13.1.4. Witness Information.

elements for indicating which portions of a text are covered by fragmentary witnesses: see section 13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses.

The app element is in one sense a more sophisticated and complex version of the choice element introduced in 3.5.1. Apparent Errors as a way of marking points where the encoding of a passage in a single source may be carried out in more than one way. Unlike choice, however, the app element allows for the representation of many different versions of the same passage taken from different sources.

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TEI: The Apparatus Entry⚓︎13.1.1. The Apparatus Entry

Individual textual variations are encoded using the app element, which groups together all the readings constituting the variation. The identification of discrete textual variations or apparatus entries is not a purely mechanical process; different editors will group readings differently. No rules are given here as to how to collect readings into apparatus entries.

The individual apparatus entry is encoded with the app element:

app (apparatus entry) contains one entry in a critical apparatus, with an optional lemma and usually one or more readings or notes on the relevant passage.

type | classifies the variation contained in this element according to some convenient typology.
from | identifies the beginning of the lemma in the base text.
to | identifies the endpoint of the lemma in the base text.
loc | (location) indicates the location of the variation, when the location-referenced method of apparatus markup is used.

The attributes loc, from, and to, are used to link the apparatus entry to the base text, if present. In such cases, several methods may be used for such linkage, each involving a slightly different usage for these attributes. Linkage between text and apparatus is described below in section 13.2. Linking the Apparatus to the Text. For the use of the app element without a base text, see 13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method.

Each app element usually comprises one or more readings, which in turn are encoded using the rdg or other elements, as described in the next section. A very simple partial apparatus for the first line of the Wife of Bath's Prologue might take a form something like this:

<app>
 <rdg wit="#El">Experience though noon Auctoritee</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment thouh noon Auctoritee</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment though none auctorite</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

Of course, in practice the apparatus will be somewhat more complex. Specifically, it may be desired to record more obviously that manuscripts El and La agree on the words ‘noon Auctoritee’, to indicate a preference for one reading, etc. The following sections on readings, subvariation, and witness information describe some of the more important complications which can arise.

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TEI: Readings⚓︎13.1.2. Readings

Individual readings are the crucial elements in any critical apparatus of variants. The following elements should be used to tag individual readings within an apparatus entry:

lem (lemma) contains the lemma, or base text, of a textual variation.

rdg (reading) contains a single reading within a textual variation.

N.B. the term lemma is used here in the text-critical sense of ‘the reading accepted as that of the original or of the base text’. This sense differs from that in which the word is used elsewhere in the Guidelines, for example as in the attribute lemma where the intended sense is ‘the root form of an inflected word’, or ‘the heading of an entry in a reference book, especially a dictionary’.

In recording readings within an apparatus entry, the rdg element should always be used; each app usually contains at least one rdg, though it may contain only notes.

The lem element may also be used to record the base text of the source edition, to mark the readings of a base witness, to indicate the preference of an editor or encoder for a particular reading, or (e.g. in the case of an external apparatus) to indicate precisely to which portion of the main text the variation applies. Those who prefer to work without the notion of a base text or who are not using the parallel segmentation method may prefer not to use it at all. How it is used depends in part on the method chosen for linking the apparatus to the text; for more information, see section 13.2. Linking the Apparatus to the Text.

Readings may be encoded individually, or grouped for clarity using the rdgGrp element described in section 13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries.

As members of the attribute class att.textCritical, both of these elements inherit the following attributes:

att.textCritical defines a set of attributes common to all elements representing variant readings in text critical work.

type | classifies the reading according to some useful typology. Sample values include: 1] substantive (substantive); 2] orthographic (orthographic)
cause | classifies the cause for the variant reading, according to any appropriate typology of possible origins. Sample values include: 1] homeoteleuton; 2] homeoarchy; 3] paleographicConfusion; 4] haplography; 5] dittography; 6] falseEmendation
varSeq | (variant sequence) provides a number indicating the position of this reading in a sequence, when there is reason to presume a sequence to the variants.
hand [att.written] | points to a handNote element describing the hand considered responsible for the content of the element concerned.

. rdg (but not rdgGrp) is also a member of att.witnessed:

att.witnessed provides attributes used to identify the witnesses supporting a particular reading in a critical apparatus.

wit
(witness or witnesses) contains a space-delimited list of one or more pointers indicating the witnesses which attest to a given reading.

These elements also inherit the following attributes from the att.global.responsibility class:

att.global.responsibility provides attributes indicating the agent responsible for some aspect of the text, the markup or something asserted by the markup, and the degree of certainty associated with it.

resp | (responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber.
cert | (certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation.

As elsewhere, these attributes may be used to indicate the person responsible for the editorial decision being recorded, and also the degree of certainty associated with that decision by the person carrying out the encoding.

The wit attribute identifies the witnesses which have the reading in question. It is required if the apparatus gathers together readings from different witnesses, but may be omitted in an apparatus recording the readings of only one witness, e.g. substitutions, divergent opinions on what is in the witness or on how to expand abbreviations, etc. Even in such a one-witness apparatus, however, the wit attribute may still be useful when it is desired to record the occurrence of a particular reading in some other witness. For other methods of identifying the witnesses to a reading, see section 13.1.4. Witness Information.

The type attribute allows the encoder to classify readings in any convenient way, for example as substantive variants of the lemma:

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

or as orthographic variants:

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="orthographic">thouh</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

The varSeq and cause attributes may be used to convey information on the sequence and cause of variation. In the following apparatus fragment, the reading Eryment is tagged as sequential to (derived from) the reading Experiment, and the cause is given as loss of the abbreviation for per.

<app>
 <rdg wit="#La" varSeq="1">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" cause="abbreviation_loss"
  varSeq="2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

If a manuscript is written in several hands, and it is desired to report which hand wrote a particular reading, the hand attribute should be used. For example, in the Munich manuscript containing the Carmina Burana, the word alle has been changed to allen:

<l>Swaz hi gât umbe</l>
<l>daz sint alle megede,</l>
<l>die wellent ân man</l>
<l>
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" varSeq="1" hand="#m1">alle</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" cause="nachgetragen"
   varSeq="2" hand="#m2">allen</rdg>
 </app>
disen sumer gân.
</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

Similarly, if a witness is hard to decipher, it may be desired to indicate responsibility for the claim that a particular reading is supported by a particular witness. In line 2212a of Beowulf, for example, the manuscript is read in different ways by different scholars; the editor Klaeber prints one text, using parentheses to indicate his expansion, and records in the apparatus two different accounts of the manuscript reading, by Zupitza and Chambers:⁴⁸

<l>se ðe on
<app>
  <rdg wit="#Kl">hea(um) h(æþ)e</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#ms" source="#Z">heaðo hlæwe</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#ms" source="#Cha">heaum hope</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>hord beweotode,</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

Because the hand attribute indicates a particular manuscript hand, it is intelligible only on a reading from a single witness. If an encoder wishes to indicate that a particular reading from a list in wit is in a particular hand, the witDetail element should be used; see section 13.1.4. Witness Information.

Where there is a greater weight of editorial discussion and interpretation than can conveniently be expressed through the attributes provided on these elements (for example where the editor wishes to discuss how a section of text might be punctuated) this information can be attached to the apparatus in a note.

The note element may also be used to record the specific wording of notes in the apparatus of the source edition, as here in a transcription of Friedrich Klaeber's note on Beowulf 2207a:

<l n="2207a">syððan <app>
  <lem>Beowulfe</lem>
  <note source="#Kl">Fol. 179a <mentioned>beowulfe</mentioned>.
     Folio 179, with the last page (Fol. 198b), is the worst part of the
     entire MS. It has been freshened up by a later hand, but not always
     correctly. Information on doubtful readings is in the notes of
     Zupitza and Chambers.</note>
 </app>
</l>
<l n="2207b">brade rice</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

Notes providing details of the reading of one particular witness should be encoded using the specialized witDetail element described in section 13.1.4. Witness Information.

Encoders should be aware of the distinct fields of use of the attribute values wit, hand, and source. Broadly, wit identifies the physical entity in which the reading is found (manuscript, clay tablet, papyrus, printed edition); hand refers to the agent responsible for inscribing that reading in that physical entity (scribe, author, inscriber, hand 1, hand 2); source indicates the scholar responsible for asserting the existence of that reading in that physical entity. In some cases, the categories may blur: a scholar may produce an edition introducing readings for which he or she is responsible; that edition may itself become a witness in a later critical apparatus. Thus, readings introduced as corrections in the earlier edition will be seen in the later apparatus as witnessed by the earlier edition. As observed in the discussion concerning the discrimination of hand and resp in transcription of primary sources in section 12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes, the division of layers of responsibility through various scholars for particular aspects of a particular reading may require the more complex mechanisms for assigning responsibility described in chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility.

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TEI: Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries⚓︎13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

The rdgGrp element may be used to group readings, either because they have identical values on one or more attributes, or because they are seen as forming a self-contained variant sequence, or for some other reason. This grouping of readings is entirely optional: no such grouping of readings is required.

rdgGrp (reading group) within a textual variation, groups two or more readings perceived to have a genetic relationship or other affinity.

The rdgGrp element is a member of class att.textCritical and therefore can carry the type, cause, varSeq, hand, and resp attributes described in the preceding section. When values for any of these attributes are given on a rdgGrp element, the values given are inherited by the rdg or lem elements nested within the reading group, unless overridden by a new specification on the individual reading element.

To indicate that both Hg and La vary only orthographically from the lemma, one might tag both readings <rdg type='orthographic'>, as shown in the preceding section. This fact can be expressed more perspicuously, however, by grouping their readings into a rdgGrp, thus:

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#La">thogh</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Hg">thouh</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

⚓︎

Similarly, rdgGrp may be used to organize the substantive variants of an apparatus entry. Editors may need to indicate that each of a group of witnesses may be taken as all supporting a particular reading, even though there may be variation concerning the exact form of that reading in, or the degree of support offered by, those witnesses. For example: one may identify three substantive variants on the first word of Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Prologue in the manuscripts: these might be expressed in regularized spelling as Experience, Experiment, and Eriment. In fact, the manuscripts display many different spellings of these words, and a scholar may wish both to show that the manuscripts have all these variant spellings and that these variant spellings actually support only the three regularized spelling forms. One may term these variant spellings as ‘subvariants’ of the regularized spelling forms.

This subvariation can be expressed within an app element by gathering the readings into three groups according to the normalized form of their reading. All the readings within each group may be accounted subvariants of the main reading for the group, which may be indicated by tagging it as a lem element or as <rdg type='groupBase'>.

In this example, the different subvariants on Experience, Experiment, and Eriment are held within three rdgGrp elements nested within the enclosing app element:

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

⚓︎

From this, one may deduce that the regularized reading Experience is supported by all three manuscripts El Hg Ha4, although the spelling differs in Ha4, and that the regularized reading Eriment is supported by Ra2, even though the form differs in that manuscript. Accordingly, an application which recognizes that these apparatus entries show subvariation may then assign all the witnesses instanced as attesting the sub-variants on that lemma as actually supporting the reading of the lemma itself at a higher level of classification. Thus, Ha4 here supports the reading Experience found in El and Hg, even though it is spelt slightly differently in Ha4.

Reading groups may nest recursively, so that variants can be classified to any desired depth. Because apparatus entries may also nest, the app element might also be used to group readings in the same way. The example above is substantially identical to the following, which uses app instead of rdgGrp:

<app n="a1" type="substantive">
 <rdg wit="#El #Hg #Ha4">
  <app n="a2" type="orthographic">
   <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Cp #Ld1 #La">
  <app n="a3" type="orthographic">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">
  <app n="a4" type="orthographic">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

This expresses even more clearly than the previous encoding of this material that at the highest level of classification (apparatus entry A1), this variation has three normalized readings, and that the first of these is supported by manuscripts El, Hg, and Ha4; the second by Cp, Ld1, and La; and the third by Ra2. Some encoders may find the use of nested apparatus entries less intuitive than the use of reading groups, however, so both methods of classifying the readings of a variation are allowed.

Reading groups may also be used to bring together variants which form an apparent developmental sequence, and to make clear that other readings are not part of that sequence, as in the following example, which makes clear that the variant sequence experiment to eriment says nothing about the relative priority of experiment and experience:

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="sequence">
  <rdgGrp varSeq="1" type="subvariants">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
  <rdgGrp varSeq="2"
   cause="abbreviation_loss">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

⚓︎

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TEI: Witness Information⚓︎13.1.4. Witness Information

A given reading is associated with the set of witnesses attesting it by listing the witnesses in the wit attribute on the rdg or lem element. Special mechanisms, described in the following sections, are needed to associate annotation on a reading with one specific witness among several (section 13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information), to transcribe witness information verbatim from a source edition (section 13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source), and to identify the formal lists of witnesses typically provided in the front matter of critical editions (section 13.1.4.3. The Witness List).

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TEI: Witness Detail Information⚓︎13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

When it is desired to give additional information about the reading of a particular witness or witnesses, such as noting that it appears in the margin or was corrected for the reading, that information may be given in a witDetail element. This is a specialized note, which can be linked to both a reading and to one or more of the witnesses for that reading. The link to the reading may be inferred from witDetail's position or made explicit by the target attribute which witDetail inherits from the attribute class att.pointing; the link to the witness, by the wit attribute.

att.pointing provides a set of attributes used by all elements which point to other elements by means of one or more URI references.

target
specifies the destination of the reference by supplying one or more URI References.

witDetail (witness detail) gives further information about a particular witness, or witnesses, to a particular reading.

wit
(witnesses) indicates the sigil or sigla identifying the witness or witnesses to which the detail refers.

Because it annotates an attribute value, witDetail cannot be included in the text at the point of attachment; without a target attribute, it refers to the closest preceding lem or rdg. But if there is any ambiguity or if the witDetail refers to multiple readings, target must be used to point to the reading(s) being annotated. To indicate that the Ellesmere manuscript has an ornamental capital in the word Experience, for example, one might write:

<app type="substantive">
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <witDetail wit="#El">Ornamental capital.</witDetail>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

This encoding makes clear that the ornamental capital mentioned is in the Ellesmere manuscript, and not in Hengwrt or Ha4.

Like note, witDetail may be used to record the specific wording of information in the source text, even when the information itself is captured in some more formal way elsewhere. The example from the Carmina Burana above (section 13.1.2. Readings), for example, might be extended thus, to record the wording of the note explaining that the variant reading adds n to the original in a second hand:

<l>Swaz hi gât umbe</l>
<l>daz sint alle megede,</l>
<l>die wellent ân man</l>
<l>
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m1">alle</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m2">allen</rdg>
  <witDetail wit="#Mu">
   <mentioned>n</mentioned> nachgetragen.
  </witDetail>
 </app>
disen sumer gân.
</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

Feature structures containing information about the text in a witness (whether retroversion, regularization, or other) can also be linked to specific lem and rdg instances. See chapter 19. Feature Structures.

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TEI: Witness Information in the Source⚓︎13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

Although witDetail provides a good way to annotate witness references in wit, lists of sigla ⁴⁹ may be complex enough that it is impractical to use the combination of wit and witDetail. Moreover, in the transcription of printed critical editions, it may be desirable to retain for future reference the exact form in which the source edition records the witnesses to a particular reading; this is particularly important in cases of ambiguity in the information, or uncertainty as to the correct interpretation. The wit element may be used to transcribe such lists of witnesses to a particular reading.

wit (wit) contains a list of one or more sigla of witnesses attesting a given reading, in a textual variation.

The wit list may appear following a rdg, rdgGrp, or lem element in any apparatus entry. wit may be used in a way functionally equivalent to wit if the sigla therein are wrapped in refs with target attributes pointing to a predefined witness. For example

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" xml:id="rdg1.1nundum"
  ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <witDetail wit="#G" target="#rdg1.1nundum">corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>
 </witDetail>
</app>

⚓︎

which indicates that the reading ‘nundum’ for ‘nondum’ is to be found in MSS G (although it is corrected to nondum in the primary hand) and P, might be written:

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <wit>
  <ref target="#G">G</ref>(corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>)<ref target="#P">P</ref>
 </wit>
</app>

⚓︎

This is somewhat more verbose, but accomplishes the same goal. Because wit is more succinct, and because it makes the automated verification of correct witness references easier, using wit (with witDetail when needed) is almost always to be preferred.

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TEI: The Witness List⚓︎13.1.4.3. The Witness List

A list of all identified witnesses should normally be supplied in the front matter of the edition, or in the sourceDesc element of its header. This may be given either as a simple bibliographic list, using the listBibl element described in 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References, or as a listWit element, which contains a series of witness elements. Each witness element may contain a brief characterization of the witness, given as one or more prose paragraphs. If more detailed information about a manuscript witness is available, it should be represented using the msDesc element provided by the msdescription module; an msDesc may appear within a listBibl.

Whether information about a particular witness is supplied by means of a bibl, msDesc, or witness element, a unique siglum for this source should always be supplied, using the global xml:id attribute. This identifier can then be used elsewhere to refer to this particular witness.

listWit (witness list) lists definitions for all the witnesses referred to by a critical apparatus, optionally grouped hierarchically.

witness (witness) contains either a description of a single witness referred to within the critical apparatus, or a list of witnesses which is to be referred to by a single sigil.

msDesc (manuscript description) contains a description of a single identifiable manuscript or other text-bearing object such as an early printed book.

bibl (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged.

listBibl (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind.

The minimal information provided by a witness list is thus the set of sigla for all the witnesses named in the apparatus. For example, the witnesses referenced by the examples of this chapter might simply be listed thus:

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="Chi3"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ha4"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ju"/>
 <witness xml:id="K"/>
 <witness xml:id="Kb"/>
 <witness xml:id="Kl"/>
 <witness xml:id="Kv"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ld"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ld1"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ln"/>
 <witness xml:id="Mu"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ry2"/>
 <witness xml:id="Wa"/>
 <witness xml:id="X"/>
</listWit>

bibliography ⚓︎

It is more helpful, however, for witness lists to be somewhat more informative: each witness element should contain at least a brief prose description of the witness, perhaps including a bibliographic citation, as in the following examples:

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="El">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="Hg">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="Ra2">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="http://example.com/msDescs#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

⚓︎

As the last example shows, the witness description here may be complemented by a reference to a full description of the manuscript supplied elsewhere, typically as the content of an msDesc or bibl element. Alternatively, it may contain a whole paragraph of commentary for each witness:

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="A">die sog. <soCalled>Kleine (oder alte)
     Heidelberger Liederhandschrift</soCalled>.
 <bibl>Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg col. pal.
     germ. 357. Pergament, 45 Fll. 18,5 × 13,5 cm.</bibl>
   Wahrscheinlich die älteste der drei großen Hss. Sie
 <quote>datiert aus dem 13. Jahrhundert, etwa um 1275. Ihre Sprache
     weist ins Elsaß, evtl. nach Straßburg. Man geht wohl nicht
     fehl, in ihr eine Sammlung aus dem Stadtpatriziat zu sehen</quote>
   (<bibl>
   <author>Blank</author>, [vgl. <ref>Lit. z. Hss. Bd. 2,
       S. 39</ref>] S. 14</bibl>). Sie enthält 34 namentlich
   genannte Dichter. <quote>Zu den Vorzügen von A gehört, daß
     sie kaum je bewußt geändert hat, so daß sie für
     manche Dichter ... oft den besten Text liefert</quote> (so wohl mit
   Recht <bibl>
   <author>v. Kraus</author>
  </bibl>).</witness>
 <witness xml:id="a">Bezeichnung <bibl>
   <author>Lachmann</author>
  </bibl>s für die von einer 2. Hand auf bl. 40–43
   geschriebenen Strophen der Hs. A.</witness>
 <witness xml:id="B">die <soCalled>Weingartner (Stuttgarter)
     Liederhandschrift</soCalled>. <bibl>Württembergische
     Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, HB XIII poetae germanici 1.
     Pergament, 156 Bll. 15 × 11,5 cm; 25 teils ganzseitig,
     teils halbseitige Miniaturen.</bibl> Kaum vor 1306 in Konstanz
   geschrieben. Sie enthält Lieder von 25 namentlich genannten
   Dichtern. (Dazu kommen Gedichte von einigen ungenannten
   bzw. unbekannten Dichtern, ein Marienlobpreis und eine
   Minnelehre.)</witness>
</listWit>

bibliography ⚓︎

It would however generally be preferable to represent such detailed information using an appropriately structured msDesc element, as discussed in chapter 11. Manuscript Description. Note also that if the witnesses being recorded are not manuscripts but printed works, it may be preferable to document them using the standard bibl or biblStruct elements described in 3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References, as in this example:

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="bcn_1482">T. Kempis, De la imitació de Jesuchrist e del
   menyspreu del món (trad. Miquel Peres); Barcelona, 1482, Pere
   Posa. Editio princeps.</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="val_1491">T. Kempis, Del menyspreu del món (trad. Miquel
   Peres); València, 1491.</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="bcn_1518">T. Kempis, Libre del menysprey del món e de la
   imitació de nostre senyor Déu Jesucrist, (trad. Miquel Peres);
   Barcelona, 1518, Carles Amorós. </bibl>
</listBibl>

⚓︎

In text-critical work it is customary to refer to frequently occurring groups of witnesses by means of a single common siglum. Such sigla may be documented as pseudo-witnesses in their own right by including a nested witness list within the witness list, which uses the siglum for the group as its identifier, and supplies a fuller name for the group in its optional child head element, before listing the other witnesses contained by the group. For example, the Constant Group C of manuscripts comprising witnesses Cp, La, and S12, might be represented as follows:

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="Ellesmere">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
<!-- ... -->
 <listWit xml:id="Con">
  <head>Constant Group C</head>
  <witness xml:id="Cp">Corpus Christi Oxford MS 198</witness>
  <witness xml:id="La">British Library Lansdowne 851</witness>
  <witness xml:id="Sl2">British Library Sloane MS 1686</witness>
 </listWit>
</listWit>

⚓︎

That the reading Experiment occurs in all three manuscripts can now be indicated simply as follows:

<rdg wit="#Con">Experiment</rdg>

⚓︎

The more elaborate example below shows both multiple levels of nesting and a strategy for mapping the the xml:id of the witness to the siglum which will be displayed to the reader of a derived visualisation:

<witness xml:id="Σ">Servius (<abbr type="siglum">Σ</abbr>) = ΔΓ
<listWit>
  <witness xml:id="Δ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Δ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="J">
     <abbr type="siglum">J</abbr> = Metens. Bibl. mun. 292, s. IX </witness>
    <witness xml:id="L">
     <abbr type="siglum">L</abbr> = Leid. Bibl. der Rijksuniv. B.P.L. 52, s. VIII / IX</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
  <witness xml:id="Γ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Γ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="θ">
     <abbr type="siglum">θ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Α">
       <abbr type="siglum">A</abbr> = Caroliruh. Bad. Landesbibl. Aug. CXVI, s. IX2 (Reichenau); de codice A derivati:
      <listWit>
        <witness xml:id="S">
         <abbr type="siglum">S</abbr> = Sangall. Stiftsbibl. 861 + 862, s. IX / X</witness>
        <witness xml:id="Guelf">
         <abbr type="siglum">Guelf.</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2546 (44.23 Aug. fol.), s. XV</witness>
       </listWit>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="O">
       <abbr type="siglum">O</abbr> = Oxon. Bodl. Laud lat. 117, s. XI<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="τ">
     <abbr type="siglum">τ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Pa">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pa</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7959, s. IX (Tours)</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pc">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pc</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7961, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Q">
       <abbr type="siglum">Q</abbr>Flor. BML Plut. 45.14, s. IX</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Lb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Lb</abbr> = corrector cod. <ref target="#L">L</ref> (sup.)</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="γ">
     <abbr type="siglum">γ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="E">
       <abbr type="siglum">E</abbr> = Escorial. Bibl. S. Lorenzo T.II.17, s. IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi> (Ital. septentrion.) </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pb</abbr>Paris. BnF lat. 16236, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Y">
       <abbr type="siglum">Y</abbr> = Trident. Bib. com. 3388 (olim Vind. 72), s.
             IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="M">
       <abbr type="siglum">M</abbr> = Monac. Bay. Staatsbibl. Clm 6394, s. XI
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="σ">
     <abbr type="siglum">σ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="W">
       <abbr type="siglum">W</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2091, s. XIII<hi rend="superscript">ex.</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Ν">
       <abbr type="siglum">N</abbr> = Neap. Bibl. naz. lat. 5 (olim Vind. 27), s.
             X<hi rend="superscript">1</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="U">
       <abbr type="siglum">U</abbr> = Berolin. Staatsbibl. lat. quart. 219, s. XII</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="ο">
     <abbr type="siglum">º</abbr> classis codicum de Γ defluentium quibus lectiones faciliores in contextum contaminatione inferre valde placuit (= PaPcγσ in A. 9.1-10.190, 10.397-12.162; PaPcγU in A. 12.162-320; PaPcγ in A. 12.320-522); cf. praef. n. 30.</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
 </listWit>
</witness>

⚓︎

Here we have a summary of the witnesses, with their sigla, used in an edition, as is generally found in the conspectus siglorum in the front matter of a critical edition. Families are indicated with Greek letters and manuscript witnesses with Latin letters. The siglum for display is always contained in the abbr with type ‘siglum’ child of each witness, so it is always easy to retrieve the display siglum for a given identifier reference.

Situations commonly arise where there are many more or less fragmentary witnesses, such that there may be quite distinct groups of witnesses for different parts of a text or collection of texts. One may treat this with distinct listWit elements for each different part. Alternatively, one may have a single listWit element at the beginning of the file or in its header listing all the witnesses, partial and complete, for the text, with the attestation of fragmentary witnesses indicated within the apparatus by use of the witStart and witEnd elements described in section 13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses.

If a witness list is provided, it may be unnecessary to give, in each apparatus entry, an exhaustive list of the witnesses which agree with the base text. An application program can—in principle—compare the witnesses given for each variant found with those given in the full list of witnesses, subtracting from this list all the witnesses not active at this point (perhaps because of lacuna, or because they contain a variation on a different, overlapping lemma) and thence calculate all the manuscripts agreeing with the base text. In practice, encoders may find it less error-prone to list all witnesses explicitly in each apparatus entry.

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TEI: Fragmentary Witnesses⚓︎13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

If a witness is incomplete (whether a single fragment, a series of fragments, or a relatively complete text with one or more lacunae), it is usually desirable to record explicitly where its preserved portions begin and end. The following empty tags, which may occur within any lem or rdg element, indicate the beginning or end of a fragmentary witness or of a lacuna within a witness:

witStart (fragmented witness start) indicates the beginning, or resumption, of the text of a fragmentary witness.

witEnd (fragmented witness end) indicates the end, or suspension, of the text of a fragmentary witness.

lacunaStart (lacuna start) indicates the beginning of a lacuna in the text of a mostly complete textual witness.

lacunaEnd (lacuna end) indicates the end of a lacuna in a mostly complete textual witness.

These elements constitute the class model.rdgPart, members of which are permitted within the elements lem and rdg when the module defined by this chapter is included in a schema.

Suppose a fragment of a manuscript X of the Wife of Bath's Prologue has a physical lacuna, and the text of the manuscript begins with auctorite. In an apparatus this might appear thus, distinguished from the reading of other manuscripts by the presence of the lacunaEnd element:

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <lacunaEnd/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

Alternatively, it may be clearer to record this as

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2 #X">
  <lacunaEnd wit="#X"/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

since this shows more clearly that the lacuna and the reading of ‘auctorite’ both appear in witness X. In some cases, the apparatus in the source may commence recording the readings for a particular witness without its being clear whether the previous absence of readings for this witness is due to a lacuna, or to some other reason. The witStart element may be used in this circumstance:

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <witStart/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

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TEI: Linking the Apparatus to the Text⚓︎13.2. Linking the Apparatus to the Text

Three different methods may be used to link a critical apparatus to the text:

the location-referenced method,

the double-end-point-attached method, and

the parallel segmentation method.

Both the location-referenced and the double end-point methods may be used with either in-line or external apparatus, the former dispersed within the base text, the latter held in some separate location, within or outside the document containing the base text. The parallel segmentation method may only be used for in-line apparatus.

Where an external apparatus is used, the listApp element provides a useful means of grouping together a series of app elements of a specific type, or from a particular source:

listApp (list of apparatus entries) contains a list of apparatus entries.

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

listApp elements would normally appear in the back of a document, but they may also be placed in any other convenient location.

Any document containing app elements requires a variantEncoding declaration in the encodingDesc element of its TEI header, thus:

variantEncoding (variant encoding) declares the method used to encode text-critical variants.

method | indicates which method is used to encode the apparatus of variants.
location | indicates whether the apparatus appears within the running text or external to it.

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TEI: The Location-referenced Method⚓︎13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

The location-referenced method of encoding apparatus provides a convenient method for encoding printed apparatus; in this method as in most printed editions, the apparatus is linked to the base text by indicating explicitly only the block of text on which there is a variant (noted usually by a canonical reference scheme, or by line number in the edition, such as A 137 or Page 15 line 1).

If the location-referenced method is used for an apparatus stored externally to the base text, the TEI header must have the declaration:

<variantEncoding method="location-referenced"
 location="external"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the body of the document, the base text (here El) will appear:

<text>
 <body>
  <div n="WBP" type="prologue">
   <head>The Prologe of the Wyves Tale of Bathe</head>
   <l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
   <l>Were in this world ...</l>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

⚓︎

Elsewhere in the document, or in a separate file, the apparatus will appear. On each app element, the loc attribute should be specified to indicate where the variant occurs in the base text.

<app loc="WBP 1">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

If the same text is encoded using in-line storage, the apparatus is dispersed through the base text block to which it refers. In this case, the location of the variant can be read from the line in which it occurs.

<variantEncoding method="location-referenced"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">Experience
<app>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
though noon Auctoritee</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

⚓︎

Since the location is not required to be exact, the apparatus for a line might also appear at the end of the line:

<l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee
<app>
  <rdg wit="#La"> Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2"> Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

⚓︎

When the apparatus is linked to the text by means of location references, as shown here, it is not possible to find automatically the precise portion of text varied by the readings. In order to show explicitly what portion of the base text is replaced by the variant readings, the lem element may be used:

<l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee
<app>
  <lem wit="#El">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

⚓︎

Often the lemma will have no attributes, being simply the ‘base text reading’ and requiring no qualification, but it may optionally carry the normal attributes, as shown here. Some text critics prefer to abbreviate or elide the lemma, in order to save space or trouble; such practice is not forbidden by these Guidelines, but no recommendations are made for conventions of abbreviating the lemma, whether abbreviation of each word, or suppression of all but the first and last word, etc.

Where it is intended that the apparatus be complete enough to allow the reconstruction of the witnesses (or at least of their non-orthographic variations), simple location-reference methods are unlikely to be as successful as the other two methods, which allow the unambiguous reconstruction of the lemma from the encoding.

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TEI: The Double End-Point Attachment Method⚓︎13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

In the double end-point attachment method, the beginning and end of the lemma in the base text are both explicitly indicated. It thus differs from the location-referenced method, in which only the larger span of text containing the lemma is indicated. Double end-point attachment permits unambiguous matching of each variant reading against its lemma. It or the parallel-segmentation method should be used in all cases where this is desired, for example where the apparatus is intended to enable full reconstruction of the text, or of the substantives, of every witness.

When the double end-point attachment method is used, the from and to attributes of the app element are used to indicate the beginning and ending points of the reading in the base text: their values are identifiers which occur at the locations in question. If no other markup is present there, the beginning and ending points should be marked using the anchor element defined in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. In cases where it is not possible to insert anchors within the base text (e.g. where the text is on a read-only medium) the beginning and end of the lemma may be indicated by using the ‘indirect pointing’ mechanisms discussed in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. Explicit anchors are more likely to be reliable, and are therefore to be preferred.

The double end-point attachment method may be used with in-line or external apparatus. In the latter case, the base text (here El) will appear with anchor elements inserted at every place where a variant begins or ends (unless some element with an identifier already begins or ends at that point):

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="external"/>
<!-- ... -->
<div n="WBP" type="prologue">
 <head>The Prologe ... </head>
 <l n="1" xml:id="WBP.1">Experience<anchor xml:id="WBP-A2"/> though noon Auctoritee</l>
 <l>Were in this world ...</l>
</div>

⚓︎

The apparatus will be separately encoded:

<app from="#WBP.1" to="#WBP-A2">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

No anchor element is needed at the beginning of the line, since the from attribute can use the identifier for the line as a whole; the lemma is assumed to run from the beginning of the element indicated by the from attribute, to the end of that indicated by the to attribute. If no value is given for to, the lemma runs from the beginning to the end of the element indicated by the from attribute.

When the apparatus is encoded in-line, it is dispersed through the base text. Only the beginning of the lemma need be marked with an anchor, since the app is inserted at the end of the lemma, and itself therefore marks the end of the lemma.

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1" xml:id="wbp.1">Experience
<app from="#wbp.1">
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
though noon Auctoritee</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

⚓︎

The lemma need not be repeated within the app element in this method, as it may be extracted reliably from the base text. If an exhaustive list of witnesses is available, it will also not be necessary to specify just which manuscripts agree with the base text to enable reconstruction of witnesses. An application will be able to determine the manuscripts that witness the base reading, by noting which witnesses are attested as having a variant reading, and inferring the base text reading for all others after adjusting for fragmentary witnesses and for witnesses carrying overlapping variant readings.

Alternatively, if it is desired to make an explicit record of the attestation of the base text, the lem element may be embedded within app, carrying the witnesses to the base. Thus

<app from="#WBP.1" to="#WBP-A2">
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

This method is designed to cope with ‘overlapping lemmata’. For example, at line 117 of the Wife of Bath's Prologue, the manuscripts Hg (Hengwrt), El (Ellesmere), and Ha4 (British Library Harleian 7334) read:

Hg

And of so parfit wys a wight ywroght

El

And for what profit was a wight ywroght

Ha4

And in what wise was a wight ywroght

In this case, one might wish to record in what wise was in Ha4 as a single variant for of so parfit wys in Hg, and was a wight in El and Ha4 as a variant on wys a wight in Hg. This method can readily cope with such difficult situations, typically found in large and complex traditions:

<l xml:id="WBP.117" n="117"> And
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.1"/> of so parfit
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.2"/> wys
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.3"/> a wight
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.4"/> ywroght
<app from="#WBP-A117.1" to="#WBP-A117.3">
  <lem wit="#Hg">of so parfit wys</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">in what wise was</rdg>
 </app>
 <app from="#WBP-A117.2" to="#WBP-A117.4">
  <lem wit="#Hg">wys a wight</lem>
  <rdg wit="#El #Ha4">was a wight</rdg>
 </app>
</l>

⚓︎

The parallel segmentation method, to be discussed next, cannot handle overlaps among variants, and would require the individual variants to be split into pieces.

Because creation and interpretation of double end-point attachment apparatus will be lengthy and difficult it is likely that they will usually be created and examined by scholars only with mechanical assistance.

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TEI: The Parallel Segmentation Method⚓︎13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method

This method differs from the double end-point attachment method in that all variants at any point of the text are expressed as variants on one another. In this method, no two variations can overlap, although they may nest. The texts compared are divided into matching segments all synchronized with one another. This permits direct comparison of any span of text in any witness with that in any other witness. With a positive apparatus, it is straightforward for an application to extract the full text of any one witness from the apparatus.⁵⁰

This method will (by definition) always be satisfactory when there are just two texts for comparison (assuming they are in the same language and script). It will however be less convenient for textual traditions where establishing a base text with variations from it is not a satisfactory goal for the edition, or in some cases where every detail of variation needs to be modeled.

In the parallel segmentation method, each segment of text on which there is variation is marked by an app element. If there is a preferred (or base) reading it is tagged with lem; each reading is given in a rdg element:

<variantEncoding method="parallel-segmentation"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">
 <app>
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

⚓︎

This method cannot be used with external apparatus: it must be used in-line. Note that apparatus encoded with this method may be translated into the double end-point attachment method and back without loss of information. Where double-end-point-attachment encodings have no overlapping lemmata, translation of these to the parallel segmentation encoding and back will also be possible without loss of information.

As noted, apparatus entries may nest in this method: if an imaginary fifth manuscript of the text read Auctoritee, though none experience, the variation on the individual words of the line would nest within that for the line as a whole:

<l n="1">
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Chi3">Auctoritee, though none experience</rdg>
  <rdg>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Hg">Experience</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
   </app>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Ra2">though</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#Hg">thogh</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La">thouh</rdg>
   </app>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Hg">noon Auctorite</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">none auctorite</rdg>
   </app>
  </rdg>
 </app>
</l>

⚓︎

Parallel segmentation cannot, however, deal very gracefully with variants which overlap without nesting: such variants must be broken up into pieces in order to keep all witnesses synchronized.

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TEI: Other Linking Methods⚓︎13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

When an apparatus is provided it does not need to be given at the location in the transcription where the variation, emendation, attribution, or other apparatus observation occurs. Instead it may be stored in a separate place in the same file, or indeed in another file, and point to the location at which it is meant to be used. Storing apparatus entries separately can be beneficial when encoding multiple competing, potentially overlapping, interpretations of the same point in the source texts.

The location-referenced method can be used to point a position in a text using the loc attribute and a canonical reference that is understood and documented in the context of the file where it is used. Where possible it is recommended that other methods use the from attribute to point to an xml:id attribute on an anchor or other element at the location where the apparatus observation takes place. The contents of an element pointed to are understood to be equivalent to a lem if none exists in the app, and if a lem does exist this should replace any content.

The from attribute is a teidata.pointer datatype and thus contains a URI as a value. This means that it can point directly to an xml:id, an xml:id in another local file, or indeed a file identified by any URL or URN.

<l n="1">
 <seg xml:id="WBP-so.1.1">Experience</seg> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="example.xml#WBP-so.1.1">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

This could also be encoded as:

<l n="1">
 <anchor xml:id="WBP-so.1.1a"/> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="http://www.example.com/example.xml#WBP-so.1.1a">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

However, this should be considered more fragile since a full reading of the lem is not provided in the source file.

In addition, URLs can contain XPointer schemes including xpath(), range(), and string-range() which can be used in providing the location of an app that is stored separately from the text to which it applies. Both from and to can be used, as in the double end-point attachment method, to identify the starting and ending location for an apparatus using XPointer schemes described in 17.2.4. TEI XPointer Schemes section to more precisely identify this location where beneficial.

<l n="1" xml:id="WP.1a">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="example.xml#string-range(WP.1a,0,10)">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

If only the from attribute is provided then it should be understood that this supplies the location of the textual variance that the apparatus documents. If the from attribute contains an XPointer scheme that identifies a range of text (or elements) then this is understood to record the starting and ending of the range as in the double end-point attachment method. In such a case a @to attribute is unnecessary.

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TEI: Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions⚓︎13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

It is often desirable to record different transcriptions of one stretch of text. These variant transcriptions may be grouped within a single app element. An application may then construct different ‘views’ of the transcription by extraction of the appropriate variant readings from the apparatus elements embedded in the transcription.

For example, alternative expansions can be recorded in several different expan elements, all grouped within an app element. Consider, for example, the three different transcriptions given below of line 105 of the Hengwrt manuscript of Chaucer's The Wife of Bath's Prologue. The last word of the line Virginite is grete perfection is written perfectio followed by two minims over which a bar has been drawn, which has been read in different ways by different scholars. The first transcription, by Elizabeth Solopova, represents the two minims with bar above as a special composite character using the g element. This transcription notes this as a mark of abbreviation but gives no expansion for it. A second transcriber, F. J. Furnivall, regards the bar as an abbreviation of u, and therefore reads the two minims as an n. A third transcriber, P. G. Ruggiers, regards the bar as an abbreviation of n, reading the minims as u. This information may be held within an app structure, as follows:

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfectio<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>

⚓︎

This example uses special purpose elements am and ex used to represent abbreviation marks and editorial expansion respectively; these elements are provided by the transcr module documented in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources, which should be consulted for further discussion of methods of representing multiple readings of a source.

Editorial notes may also be attached to app structures within transcriptions. Here, editorial preference for Ruggiers' expansion and an explanation of that preference is given:

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfecti<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="f105" source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="r105" source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>
<!-- ... <note> appearing elsewhere in the document ... -->
<note target="#r105 #f105">Furnivall's expansion implies that the bar
is an abbreviation for 'u'. There are no certain instances of
this mark as an abbreviation for 'u' in these manuscripts and it is
widely used as an abbreviation for 'n'. Ruggiers' expansion is to
be accepted.</note>

⚓︎

In most cases, elements used to indicate features of a primary textual source may be represented within an app structure simply by nesting them within its readings, just as the am and ex elements are nested within the rdg elements in the example just given. However, in cases where the tagged feature extends across a span of text which might itself contain variant readings which it is desired to represent by app structures, some adaptation of the tagging may be necessary. For example, a span of text may be marked in the transcription of the primary source as a single deletion but it may be desirable to represent just a few words from this source as individual deletions within the context of a critical apparatus drawing together readings from this and several other witnesses. In this case, the tagging of the span of words as one deletion may need to be decomposed into a series of one-word deletions for encoding within the apparatus. If it is important to record the fact that all were deleted by the same act, the markup may use the join element or the next and prev attributes defined by chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.

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TEI: Strategies for Encoding Variation⚓︎13.4. Strategies for Encoding Variation

Textual variation may manifest itself in many ways. Variation most frequently occurs at the phrase level, but is also common at higher structural levels, such as the verse line, paragraph, or chapter. When these structures are involved, some care must be taken in their encoding to ensure that TEI's Abstract Model is not being broken. It would be an error, for example, to have a div in the lem, but a p in a rdg inside the same apparatus entry, because these structures cannot occur at the same level. Similarly, it is an error if the contents of an apparatus entry place a p inside another p or an l inside an l.

Phenomena such as omissions and transpositions in witnesses will require some encoding strategies that differ from those in the examples above. An editor wishing to signal an omission in one witness should encode the omission using an empty rdg, thus:

<app xml:id="d1e372">
 <lem xml:id="d1e373" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="18">Hypsipyle uacuo constitit in thalamo:</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e376" wit="#J"
  cause="homeoarchon"/>
</app>

⚓︎

Notice that in this example, the variation occurs at the unit of the verse line. The scribe of MS J has skipped line 18 (probably by mistake) because, like line 19, it begins with the name "Hypsipyle." If a witness contains an interpolation that the editor does not wish to show in the base text, an empty lem should be used, in the same fashion.

Transpositions are harder to encode, because they involve variation that occurs in different locations. A single app will therefore not be sufficient, and the variants must be linked. For example, in his edition of Propertius 1.16, Housman printed lines 25-6 after line 32, Heyworth prints them in place. We might encode Heyworth's edition, which records Housman's conjecture despite disagreeing with it, as follows:

<app xml:id="app-lem-l25-l26"
 exclude="#app-rdg-Housman-l25-26">
 <lem xml:id="d1e462" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="25" xml:id="l25">desine iam reuocare tuis periuria verbis,</l>
  <l n="26" xml:id="l26">Cynthia, et oblitos parce movere deos;</l>
 </lem>
</app>

⚓︎

and then, after line 32:

<app xml:id="app-rdg-Housman-l25-26"
 exclude="#app-lem-l25-l26">
 <rdg xml:id="d1e603" source="#Housman">
  <l copyOf="#l25"/>
  <l copyOf="#l26"/>
 </rdg>
 <note target="#d1e603">Housman put these lines after 32.</note>
</app>

⚓︎

Note that both apps are linked via the exclude attribute, because they are mutually exclusive: if one reading is chosen for display in a reading interface, for example, the other must disappear and vice versa. To avoid repetition, the second pair of lines can make use of the copyOf attribute. If they were both transposed and somewhat different, then both sets should be written in full.

Apparatus entries may nest when there is variation at both higher and lower structural levels, e.g.:

<app xml:id="d1e275">
 <lem xml:id="d1e277" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="8">
   <app xml:id="d1e280">
    <lem xml:id="d1e281" wit="#N #Λ">ut</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e283" wit="#A">et</rdg>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e285" source="#Nodell">ac</rdg>
    <note target="#d1e287">perhaps</note>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e287" source="#Heyworth"
     cert="low">quam</rdg>
   </app> formosa nouo quae parat ire uiro.</l>
  <l n="9">
   <app xml:id="d1e294">
    <lem xml:id="d1e295">at</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e297" wit="#A">et</rdg>
   </app> non sic, Ithaci digressu <app xml:id="d1e300">
    <lem xml:id="d1e301">mota</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e303" source="#Graevius">immota</rdg>
   </app>, Calypso</l>
  <l n="10">desertis olim fleuerat aequoribus:</l>
  <l n="11">multos illa dies incomptis maesta capillis</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e314" wit="#C"
  cause="homoeoteleuton"/>
 <note target="#d1e314">omits lines 8-11 because of homoeoteleuton.</note>
</app>

⚓︎

Here, MS C omits lines 8-11, but there are variations the editor wishes to record in the other witnesses which do have these lines. Therefore, an outer app gives the lines in the lem and the omission in a rdg. Further variation is encoded for lines 8 and 9 using nested apps.

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TEI: Module for Critical Apparatus⚓︎13.5. Module for Critical Apparatus

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module textcrit: Critical Apparatus

Elements defined: app lacunaEnd lacunaStart lem listApp listWit rdg rdgGrp variantEncoding wit witDetail witEnd witStart witness

Classes defined: att.rdgPart att.textCritical att.witnessed model.rdgLike model.rdgPart

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

48

For the sake of legibility in the example, long marks over vowels are omitted.

49

The Latin word siglum (sign), pl. sigla denotes the abbreviation used in a critical apparatus to indicate a particular witness.

50

Some care must be taken with this approach, as a derived view of a witness may not be a complete and accurate transcription of that witness. It is more likely to be the base text with all readings from that witness applied.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

Table of contents

14.1. Attribute Classes Defined by This Module

14.2. Names

14.3. Biographical and Prosopographical Data

14.4. Dates

14.5. Module for Names and Dates

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This chapter describes a module which may be used for the encoding of names and other phrases descriptive of persons, places, or organizations, in a manner more detailed than that possible using the elements already provided for these purposes in the Core module. In section 3.6. Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses it was noted that the elements provided in the core module allow an encoder to specify that a given text segment is a proper noun, or a referring string, and to specify the kind of object named or referred to only by supplying a value for the type attribute. The elements provided by the present module allow the encoder to supply a detailed sub-structure for such referring strings, and to distinguish explicitly between names of persons, places, and organizations.

This module also provides elements for the representation of information about the person, place, or organization to which a given name is understood to refer and to represent the name itself, independently of its application. In simple terms, where the core module allows one simply to represent that a given piece of text is a name, this module allows one further to represent a personal name, to represent the person being named, and to represent the canonical name being used. A similar range is provided for names of places and organizations. The main intended applications for this module are in biographical, historical, or geographical data systems such as gazetteers and biographical databases, where these are to be integrated with encoded texts.

The chapter begins by discussing attributes common to many of the elements discussed in the remaining parts of the chapter (14.1. Attribute Classes Defined by This Module) before discussing specifically the elements provided for the encoding of component parts of personal names (section 14.2.1. Personal Names), place names (section 14.2.3. Place Names) and organizational names (section 14.2.2. Organizational Names). Elements for encoding personal and organizational data are discussed in section 14.3. Biographical and Prosopographical Data. Elements for the encoding of geographical data are discussed in section 14.3.4. Places. Finally, elements for encoding onomastic data are discussed in 14.3.7. Names and Nyms, and the detailed encoding of dates and times is described in section 14.4. Dates.

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TEI: Attribute Classes Defined by This Module⚓︎14.1. Attribute Classes Defined by This Module

Most of the elements made available by this chapter share some important characteristics which are expressed by their membership in specific attribute classes. Members of the class att.naming have specialized attributes which support linkage of a naming element with the entity (person, place, organization) being named; members of the class att.datable have specialized attributes which support a number of ways of normalizing the date or time of the data encoded by the element concerned.

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TEI: Linking Names and Their Referents⚓︎14.1.1. Linking Names and Their Referents

The class att.naming is a subclass of the class att.canonical, from which it inherits the following attributes:

att.canonical provides attributes that can be used to associate a representation such as a name or title with canonical information about the object being named or referenced.

key | provides an externally-defined means of identifying the entity (or entities) being named, using a coded value of some kind.
ref | (reference) provides an explicit means of locating a full definition or identity for the entity being named by means of one or more URIs.

As discussed in 3.6.1. Referring Strings, these attributes provide two different ways of associating any sort of name with its referent. For cases where all that is required is to provide some minimal information about the person name, for example their occupation or status, the att.naming class also provides a simple role attribute. It also provides an additional attribute, which allows the name itself to be associated with a base or canonical form:

att.naming provides attributes common to elements which refer to named persons, places, organizations etc.

role | may be used to specify further information about the entity referenced by this name in the form of a set of whitespace-separated values, for example the occupation of a person, or the status of a place.
nymRef | (reference to the canonical name) provides a means of locating the canonical form (nym) of the names associated with the object named by the element bearing it.

The encoder may use these attributes in combination as appropriate. For example:

That silly man <name role="politician" type="person">David Paul Brown</name>
has suffered ...

⚓︎

The ref attribute should be used wherever it is possible to supply a direct link such as a URI to indicate the location of canonical information about the referent.

That silly man <name ref="#DPB1" type="person">David Paul Brown</name> has
suffered ...

⚓︎

This encoding requires that there exist somewhere a person element with the identifier DPB1, which will contain canonical information about this particular person, marked up using the elements discussed in 14.3. Biographical and Prosopographical Data below. The same element might alternatively be provided by some other document, of course, which the same attribute could refer to by means of a URI, as explained in 17.2. Pointing Mechanisms:

That silly man <name ref="http://www.example.com/personography.xml#DPB1"
 type="person">David Paul Brown</name> has suffered ...

⚓︎

More than one URI may be supplied if the name refers to more than one person. For example, assuming the existence of another person element for Mrs Brown, with identifier EBB1, a reference to ‘the Browns’ might be encoded

That wretched pair <name ref="#DPB1 #EBB1" type="person">the Browns</name> came
to dine ...

⚓︎

The key attribute is provided for cases where no such direct link is required: for example because resolution of the reference is carried out by some local convention, or because the encoder judges that no such resolution is necessary. As an example of the first case, a project might maintain its own local database system containing canonical information about persons and places, each entry in which is accessed by means of some system-specific identifier constructed in a project-specific way from the value supplied for the key attribute.⁵¹ As an example of the second case, consider the use of well-established codifications such as country or airport codes, which it is probably unnecessary for an encoder to expand further:

I never fly from <name key="LHR" type="place">Heathrow Airport</name> to
<name key="FR" type="place">France</name>

⚓︎

However, as explained in 3.6.1. Referring Strings, interchange is improved by use of tag URIs in ref instead of key.

The nymRef attribute has a more specialized use, where it is the name itself which is of interest rather than the person, place, or organization being named. See section 14.3.7. Names and Nyms for further discussion.

All members of the att.naming class inherit the following attributes from the att.global.responsibility class:

att.global.responsibility provides attributes indicating the agent responsible for some aspect of the text, the markup or something asserted by the markup, and the degree of certainty associated with it.

resp | (responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber.
cert | (certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation.

This enables an encoder to record the agency responsible for a given assertion (for example, the name) and the confidence placed in that assertion by the encoder. Examples are given below.

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TEI: Dating Attributes⚓︎14.1.2. Dating Attributes

Members of the att.datable class share the following attributes:

att.datable provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain dates, times, or datable events.

period
supplies pointers to one or more definitions of named periods of time (typically categorys, dates, or events) within which the datable item is understood to have occurred.

att.datable.w3c provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events conforming to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition.

when | supplies the value of the date or time in a standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
notBefore | specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
notAfter | specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
from | indicates the starting point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
to | indicates the ending point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

The when attribute is used to specify a normalized form for any temporal expression, independently of how it is represented in the text, as in the following example:

<date when="1807-06-09">June 9th</date> The period is approaching which will terminate my present
copartnership. On the <date when="1808-01-01">1st Jany.</date> next, it expires by its own limitation.

bibliography ⚓︎

The period attribute provides a convenient way of associating an event or date with a named period. Its value is a pointer which should indicate some other element where the period concerned is more precisely defined. A convenient location for such definitions is the taxonomy element in the classDecl (classification declaration) in the encodingDesc of a TEI header. A taxonomy may contain simply a bibliographic reference to an external definition for it. More usefully, it may also contain a series of category elements, each with an identifier and a description. The identifier can then be used as the target for a period attribute. For example, a taxonomy of named periods might be defined as follows:

<taxonomy xml:id="greekperiods">
 <category xml:id="tyranny">
  <catDesc>Before 510 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="classical">
  <catDesc>Between 510 and 323 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="hellenistic">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Hellenistic">Hellenistic</ref>. Commonly treated as <date notBefore="-0323" notAfter="-0031">from the death of Alexander to the Roman conquest.</date>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="roman">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman</ref>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="christian">
  <catDesc> The Christian period technically starts at the birth of Jesus, but in practice is considered to date from
     the conversion of Constantine in <date when="0312">312 AD</date>. </catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

⚓︎

With these definitions in place, any datable element may be associated with a specific period:

<placeName period="#christian">Stauropolis</placeName>

⚓︎

The other dating attributes provided by this class support a wide range of methods of specifying temporal information in a normalized form. The from and to attributes may be used to express the begining and ending of a period of time, for example:

<event xml:id="eMBB" from="1955-12-01"
 to="1956-12-20">
 <label>Montgomery Bus Boycott</label>
 <desc>A political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of
   the city of <placeName ref="#MONT">Montgomery</placeName>.</desc>
</event>

⚓︎

The notBefore and notAfter attributes may be used to express a range of possibilities for a particular date (or time). For example the following element, extracted from an imaginary prosopographic entry for Anne Calthorpe, indicates that although the exact date of her death is not known, it can be narrowed down to a particular range: from 22 August 1579 to 28 March 1582, inclusive. Ostensibly the encoder has evidence that Anne Calthorpe was alive on the 22nd of August 1579 and evidence that she was already dead on the 28th of March 1582.

<death notBefore="1579-08-22"
 notAfter="1582-03-28"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Since when is used for a particular date or time, from and to for a duration, and notBefore and notAfter for a date or time within a range, it makes no sense to use when in combination with one or more of the others. Thus these Guidelines at present recommend against the use of when in combination with any of from, to, notBefore, or notAfter.

The from or to attributes imply that the temporal expression to which they are attached signifies a duration, so the use of either with notBefore or notAfter means a duration is indicated.

| notBefore | from
notAfter | range of possibilities, inclusive | duration from from to sometime before notAfter, inclusive
to | duration from sometime after notBefore to to, inclusive | duration from from to to, inclusive

Some further self-explanatory examples follow:

<birth when="1857-03-15">15 March 1857.</birth>

⚓︎

<birth notBefore="1857-03-01"
 notAfter="1857-04-30">Some time in March or April of 1857.</birth>

⚓︎

<residence from="1857-03-01"
 to="1857-04-30">Lived in Amsterdam during March and April of 1857.</residence>

⚓︎

<date from="1857-03-01"
 notAfter="1857-04-30">From the 1st of March to some time later in March or April of 1857.</date>

⚓︎

<residence notBefore="1857-03-01"
 to="1857-04-30">From the 1st of March or sometime later to the end of April,
1857.</residence>

⚓︎

<residence from="1856-03" to="1858-04">From sometime in March of 1856 to sometime in April of 1858.</residence>

⚓︎

Normalization of date and time values permits the efficient processing of data (for example, to determine whether one event precedes or follows another). These examples all use the W3C standard format for representation of dates and times. Further examples, and discussion of some alternative approaches to normalization are given in section 14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations below.

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TEI: Names⚓︎14.2. Names

TEI: Personal Names⚓︎14.2.1. Personal Names

The core rs and name elements can distinguish names in a text but are insufficiently powerful to mark their internal components or structure. To conduct nominal record linkage or even to create an alphabetically sorted list of personal names, it is important to distinguish between a family name, a forename and an honorary title. Similarly, when confronted with a string such as ‘John, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and count of Anjou’, the analyst will often wish to distinguish amongst the various constituent elements present, since they provide additional information about the status, occupation, or residence of the person to whom the name belongs. The following elements are provided for these and related purposes:

persName (personal name) contains a proper noun or proper-noun phrase referring to a person, possibly including one or more of the person's forenames, surnames, honorifics, added names, etc.

surname (surname) contains a family (inherited) name, as opposed to a given, baptismal, or nick name.

forename (forename) contains a forename, given or baptismal name.

roleName (role name) contains a name component which indicates that the referent has a particular role or position in society, such as an official title or rank.

addName (additional name) contains an additional name component, such as a nickname, epithet, or alias, or any other descriptive phrase used within a personal name.

nameLink (name link) contains a connecting phrase or link used within a name but not regarded as part of it, such as van der or of.

genName (generational name component) contains a name component used to distinguish otherwise similar names on the basis of the relative ages or generations of the persons named.

In addition to the att.naming attributes mentioned above, all of the above elements are members of the class att.personal, and thus share the following attributes:

att.personal (attributes for components of names usually, but not necessarily, personal names) common attributes for those elements which form part of a name usually, but not necessarily, a personal name.

full | indicates whether the name component is given in full, as an abbreviation or simply as an initial.
sort | (sort) specifies the sort order of the name component in relation to others within the name.

The persName element may be used in preference to the general name element irrespective of whether or not the components of the personal name are also to be marked. The element persName is synonymous with the element <name type="person">, except that its type attribute allows for further subcategorization of the personal name itself, for example as a married, birth, pen, pseudo, or religious name. Consequently the following examples are equivalent:

That silly man <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DPB1"
 type="person">David Paul Brown</rs> has suffered the furniture of his office to be seized the third time for
rent.

⚓︎

That silly man <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DPB1"
 type="person">
 <name>David Paul Brown</name>
</rs> has suffered ...

⚓︎

That silly man <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DPB1"
 type="person">David Paul Brown</name> has suffered ...

⚓︎

That silly man <persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DPB1">David Paul
Brown</persName> has suffered ...

⚓︎

The persName element is more powerful than the rs and name elements because distinctive name components occurring within it can be marked as such.

Many cultures distinguish between a family or inherited surname and additional personal names, often known as given names. These should be tagged using the surname and forename elements respectively and may occur in any order:

<persName>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>, <forename>Franklin</forename>
 <forename>Delano</forename>
</persName>
<persName>
 <forename>Franklin</forename>
 <forename>Delano</forename>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

The type attribute may be used with both forename and surname elements to provide further culture- or project-specific detail about the name component, for example:

<persName>
 <forename type="first">Franklin</forename>
 <forename type="middle">Delano</forename>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>
</persName>
<persName>
 <forename type="given">Margaret</forename>
 <forename type="unused">Hilda</forename>
 <surname type="birth">Roberts</surname>
 <surname type="married">Thatcher</surname>
</persName>
<persName type="religious">Muhammad Ali</persName>
<persName>
 <forename>Norman</forename>
 <surname type="complex">St John Stevas</surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

Values for the type attribute are not constrained, and may be chosen as appropriate to the encoding needs of the project. They may be used to distinguish different kinds of forename or surname, as well as to indicate the function a name component fills within the whole. In this example, we indicate that a surname is toponymic, and also point to the specific place name from which it is derived:

<persName>
 <forename>Johan</forename>
 <surname type="toponymic" ref="#dystvold">Dystvold</surname>
</persName>
<!-- ... -->
<placeName xml:id="dystvold">Dystvold</placeName>

⚓︎

The value complex was suggested above for the not uncommon case where the whole of a surname is composed of several other surname elements. These nested surnames may be individually tagged as well, together with appropriate type values:

<persName>
 <forename>Kara</forename>
 <surname type="complex">
  <surname type="paternal">Hattersley</surname>- <surname type="maternal">Smith</surname>
 </surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

The full attribute may be used to indicate whether a name is an abbreviation, initials, or given in full:

<persName>
 <forename full="abb">Maggie</forename>
 <surname>Thatcher</surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

These elements may be applied as the encoder considers appropriate, including cases where phrases or expressions are used to stand for surnames or forenames, as in the following:

<s>
 <persName>
  <forename>Peter</forename>
  <surname>son of Herbert</surname>
 </persName> gives the king 40 m. for having custody of the land and heir of
<persName>
  <forename>John</forename>
  <surname>son of Hugh</surname>
 </persName>...
</s>

bibliography ⚓︎

Similarly, patronymics may be treated as forenames, thus:

... but it remained for <persName>
 <forename>Snorri</forename>
 <forename>Sturluson</forename>
</persName> to combine the two traditions in cyclic form.

bibliography ⚓︎

When a patronymic is used as a surname, however (e.g. by an individual who otherwise would have no surname, but lives in a culture which requires surnames), it may be tagged as such:

Even <persName>
 <forename>Finnur</forename>
 <surname>Jonsson</surname>
</persName> acknowledged the artificiality of the procedure...

bibliography ⚓︎

Alternatively, it may be felt more appropriate to mark a patronymic as a distinct kind of name, neither a forename nor a surname, using the addName element:

<persName>
 <forename>Egill</forename>
 <addName type="patronym">Skallagrmsson</addName>
</persName>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the following example, the type attribute is used to distinguish a patronymic from other forenames:

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:pn9">
 <forename sort="2">Sergei</forename>
 <forename sort="3" type="patronym">Mikhailovic</forename>
 <surname sort="1">Uspensky</surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

This example also demonstrates the use of the sort attribute common to all members of the model.persNamePart class; its effect is to state the sequence in which forename and surname elements should be combined when constructing a sort key for the name.

Some names include generational or dynastic information, such as a number, or phrases such as ‘Junior’, or ‘the Elder’; these qualifications may also be used to distinguish similarly named but unrelated people. In either case, the genName element may be used to distinguish such labels from other parts of the name, as in the following examples:

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:HEMA1">
 <surname>Marques</surname>
 <genName>Junior</genName>, <forename>Henrique</forename>
</persName>

⚓︎

<persName>
 <forename>Charles</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
</persName>

⚓︎

<persName xml:lang="de">
 <forename>Rudolf</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
 <surname>von Habsburg</surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

<persName>
 <surname>Smith</surname>
 <genName>Minor</genName>
</persName>

⚓︎

It is also often convenient to distinguish phrases (historically similar to the generational labels mentioned above) used to link parts of a name together, such as ‘von’, ‘of’, ‘de’ etc. It is often a matter of arbitrary choice whether such components are regarded as part of the surname or not; the nameLink element is provided as a means of making clear what the correct usage should be in a given case, as in the following examples:

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DUDO1">
 <roleName type="honorific" full="abb">Mme</roleName>
 <nameLink>de la</nameLink>
 <surname>Rochefoucault</surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

<persName>
 <forename>Walter</forename>
 <surname>de la Mare</surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

Finally, the addName and roleName elements are used to mark all name components other than those already listed. The distinction between them is that a roleName encloses an associated name component such as an aristocratic or official title which exists in some sense independently of its bearer. The distinction is not always a clear one. As elsewhere, the type attribute may be used with either element to supply culture- or application- specific distinctions. Some typical values for this attribute for names in the Western European tradition follow:

nobility

An inherited or life-time title of nobility such as Lord, Viscount, Baron, etc.

honorific

An academic or other honorific prefixed to a name e.g. Doctor, Professor, Mrs., etc.

office

Membership of some elected or appointed organization such as President, Governor, etc.

military

Military rank such as Colonel.

epithet

A traditional descriptive phrase or nick-name such as The Hammer, The Great, etc.

Note, however, that the role a person has in a given context (such as witness, defendant, etc. in a legal document) should not be encoded using the roleName element, since this is intended to mark roles which function as part of a person's name, not the role of the person bearing the name in general. Information about roles, occupations, etc. of a person are encoded within the person element discussed below in 14.3. Biographical and Prosopographical Data.

Here are some further examples of the usage of these elements:

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PGK1">
 <roleName type="nobility">Princess</roleName>
 <forename>Grace</forename>
</persName>

⚓︎

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GRMO1"
 type="pseudo">
 <addName type="honorific">Grandma</addName>
 <surname>Moses</surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:SLWICL1">
 <roleName type="office">President</roleName>
 <forename>Bill</forename>
 <surname>Clinton</surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:MOGA1">
 <roleName type="military">Colonel</roleName>
 <surname>Gaddafi</surname>
</persName>

⚓︎

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:FRTG1">
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <addName type="epithet">the Great</addName>
</persName>

⚓︎

A name may have any combination of the above elements:

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:EGBR1">
 <roleName type="office">Governor</roleName>
 <forename sort="2">Edmund</forename>
 <forename full="init" sort="3">G.</forename>
 <addName type="nick">Jerry</addName>
 <addName type="epithet">Moonbeam</addName>
 <surname sort="1">Brown</surname>
 <genName full="abb">Jr</genName>.
</persName>

⚓︎

Although highly flexible, these mechanisms for marking personal name components will not cater for every personal name, nor for every processing need. Where the internal structure of personal names is highly complex or where name components are particularly ambiguous, feature structures are recommended as the most appropriate mechanism to mark and analyze them, as further discussed in chapter 19. Feature Structures.

White space is allowed and therefore significant between elements within name, persName, orgName, and placeName. Therefore

<persName> <forename>Mary</forename> <forename>Ann</forename> <nameLink>De</nameLink><surname>Mint</surname> </persName>⚓

encodes ‘Mary Ann DeMint’ and

<persName> <forename>Mary</forename><forename>Ann</forename> <nameLink>De</nameLink> <surname>Mint</surname> </persName>⚓

encodes ‘MaryAnn De Mint’. See 1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace for more information on whitespace in XML.

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TEI: Organizational Names⚓︎14.2.2. Organizational Names

In these Guidelines, we use the term ‘organization’ for any named collection of people regarded as a single unit. Typical examples include institutions such as ‘Harvard College’ or ‘the BBC’ and businesses such as ‘Apple’ or ‘Google’ but also racial or ethnic groupings or political factions where these are regarded as forming a single agency such as ‘the Scythians’ or ‘the Militant Tendency’. Giving a loosely-defined group of individuals a name often serves a particular political or social agenda and an analysis of the way such phrases are constructed and used may therefore be of considerable importance to the social historian, even where the objective existence of an ‘organization’ in this sense is harder to demonstrate than that of (say) a named person. In the case of businesses or other formally constituted institutions, the component parts of an organizational name may help to characterize the organization in terms of its perceived geographical location, ownership, likely number of employees, management structure, etc.

Like names of persons or places, organizational names can be marked up as referring strings or as proper names with the rs or name elements respectively. The element orgName is provided for use where it is desired to distinguish organizational names more explicitly.

orgName (organization name) contains an organizational name.

This element is a member of the same attribute classes as persName, as discussed above in 14.1.1. Linking Names and Their Referents.

The orgName element may be used to mark up any form of organizational name:

About a year back, a question of considerable interest
was agitated in the <orgName type="voluntary"
 ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PAS1">Pennsyla. Abolition
Society</orgName>

bibliography ⚓︎

This encoding is equivalent to, but more specific than, either of the following representations:

About a year back, a question of considerable interest
was agitated in the <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PAS1"
 type="org">
 <name>Pennsyla. Abolition Society</name>
</rs>.

⚓︎

About a year back, a question of considerable interest was agitated in the
<name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PAS1"
 type="org">Pennsyla. Abolition Society</name>.

⚓︎

As shown above, like the rs and name elements, the orgName element has a key attribute with which an external identifier such as a database key can be assigned to the organization name, and also a ref attribute which can be used to point directly to an org element containing information about the organization itself (see further 14.3.3. Organizational Data). Its type attribute should be used to characterize the name (rather than the organization), for example as an acronym:

Mr Frost will be able to earn an
extra fee from <orgName type="acronym">BSkyB</orgName> rather than the
<orgName type="acronym">BBC</orgName>

⚓︎

as a phrase:

The feeling in
<country>Canada</country> is one of strong aversion to the <orgName type="phrase">United States Government</orgName>,
and of predilection for self-government under the
<orgName type="phrase">English Crown</orgName>

bibliography ⚓︎

<orgName>The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu</orgName>

⚓︎

or as a composite of other kinds of name:

<orgName type="partnerNames">
 <surname>Ernst</surname> &amp; <surname>Young</surname>
</orgName>

⚓︎

The components of an organization's name may include place names as well as personal names:

A spokesman from <orgName type="regional">
 <orgName>IBM</orgName>
 <country>UK</country>
</orgName> said ...

⚓︎

or role names:

THE TICKET which you will
receive herewith has been formed by the <orgName>Democratic Whig <name type="role">party</name>
</orgName> after the most careful deliberation, with a reference to all the great objects of NATIONAL, STATE, COUNTY and
CITY concern, and with a single eye to the <hi>Welfare and Best Interests of the Community</hi>.

⚓︎

As indicated above, organizational names may also be specified hierarchically particularly where the named organization is itself a department or a branch of a larger organizational entity. ‘The Department of Modern History, Glasgow University’ is an example:

<orgName>
 <orgName>Department of Modern History</orgName>
 <orgName>
  <name type="city">Glasgow</name>
  <name type="role">University</name>
 </orgName>
</orgName>

⚓︎

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TEI: Place Names⚓︎14.2.3. Place Names

Like other proper nouns or noun phrases used as names, place names can simply be marked up with the rs element, or with the name element. For cartographers and historical geographers, however, the component parts of a place name provide important information about the relation between the name and some spot in space and time. They also provide important evidence in historical linguistics.

These Guidelines distinguish three ways of referring to places. A place name (represented using the placeName element) may consist of one or more names for hierarchically-organized geo-political or administrative units (see section 14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names). A place named simply in terms of geographical features such as mountains or rivers is represented using the geogName element (see section 14.2.3.2. Geographic Names). Finally, an expression consisting of phrases expressing spatial or other kinds of relationship between other kinds of named place may itself be regarded as a way of referring to a place, and hence as a kind of named place (see section 14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names).

placeName (place name) contains an absolute or relative place name.

geogName (geographical name) identifies a name associated with some geographical feature such as Windrush Valley or Mount Sinai.

As members of the att.naming class, all of these elements bear the attributes key, ref, and nymRef mentioned above. These attributes are primarily useful as a means of linking a place name with information about a specific place. Recommendations for the encoding of information about a place, as distinct from its name, are provided in 14.3.4. Places below.

Like the persName element discussed in section 14.2.1. Personal Names, the placeName element may be regarded simply as an abbreviation for the elements <name type="place"> or <rs type="place">. The following encodings are thus equivalent:⁵²

After spending some time in our <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1"
 type="place">modern <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:BA1"
  type="place">Babylon</name>
</rs>, <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1"
 type="place">New York</name>, I have proceeded to the <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PH1"
 type="place">City of Brotherly Love</rs>.

⚓︎

After spending some time in our <placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1">modern <placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:BA1">Babylon</placeName>
</placeName>, <placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1">New York</placeName>, I have proceeded
to the <placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PH1">City of Brotherly Love</placeName>.

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Geo-political Place Names⚓︎14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

A place name may contain text with no indication of its internal structure:

<placeName>Rochester, NY</placeName>

⚓︎

More usually however, a place name of this kind will be further analysed in terms of its constitutive geo-political or administrative units. These may be arranged in ascending sequence according to their size or administrative importance, for example: ‘Rochester, New York’, or as a single such unit, for example ‘Belgium’. These Guidelines provide a hierarchy of generic element names, each of which may be more exactly specified by means of a type attribute:

district (district) contains the name of any kind of subdivision of a settlement, such as a parish, ward, or other administrative or geographic unit.

settlement (settlement) contains the name of a settlement such as a city, town, or village identified as a single geo-political or administrative unit.

region (region) contains the name of an administrative unit such as a state, province, or county, larger than a settlement, but smaller than a country.

country (country) contains the name of a geo-political unit, such as a nation, country, colony, or commonwealth, larger than or administratively superior to a region and smaller than a bloc.

bloc (bloc) contains the name of a geo-political unit consisting of two or more nation states or countries.

These elements are all members of the model.placeNamePart class, members of which may be used anywhere that text is permitted, including within each other as in the following examples:

<placeName>
 <settlement type="city">Rochester</settlement>, <region type="state">New York</region>
</placeName>

⚓︎

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LSEA1">
 <country type="nation">Laos</country>, <bloc type="sub-continent">Southeast Asia</bloc>
</placeName>

⚓︎

<placeName>
 <district type="arondissement">6ème</district>
 <settlement type="city">Paris, </settlement>
 <country>France</country>
</placeName>

⚓︎

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TEI: Geographic Names⚓︎14.2.3.2. Geographic Names

Places may also be named in terms of geographic features such as mountains, lakes, or rivers, independently of geo-political units. The geogName is provided to mark up such names, as an alternative to the placeName element discussed above. For example:

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:MIRI1"
 type="river">Mississippi River</geogName>

⚓︎

In addition to the usual phrase level elements, the geogName element may contain the following specialized element:

geogFeat (geographical feature name) contains a common noun identifying some geographical feature contained within a geographic name, such as valley, mount, etc.

Where the geogFeat element is used to characterize the kind of geographic feature being named, the name element will generally also be used to mark the associated proper noun or noun phrase:

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:MIRI1"
 type="river">
 <name>Mississippi</name>
 <geogFeat>River</geogFeat>
</geogName>

⚓︎

A more complex example, showing a variety of practices, follows:

The isolated ridge separates two great corridors which run from <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GLCO1"
 type="place">Glencoe</name> into <geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GLET1"
 type="glen">
 <geogFeat>Glen</geogFeat>
 <name>Etive</name>
</geogName>, the <geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAGA1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Gartain</name>
</geogName> and the
<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName>

⚓︎

The Gaelic word lairig may be glossed as sloping hill face. The most efficient way of including this information in the above encoding would be to create a separate nym element for this component of the name and then point to it using the nymRef attribute, as further discussed in 14.3.7. Names and Nyms.

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TEI: Relative Place Names⚓︎14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

All the place name specifications so far discussed are absolute, in the sense that they define only one place. A place may however be specified in terms of its relationship to another place, for example ‘10 miles northeast of Paris’ or ‘near the top of Mount Sinai’. These relative place names will contain a place name which acts as a referent (e.g. ‘Paris’ and ‘Mount Sinai’). They will also contain a word or phrase indicating the position of the place being named in relation to the referent (e.g. ‘the top of’, ‘north of’). A distance, possibly only vaguely specified, between the referent place and the place being indicated may also be present (e.g. ‘10 miles’, ‘near’).

Relative place names may be encoded using the following elements in combination with either a placeName or a geogName element.

offset (offset) marks that part of a relative temporal or spatial expression which indicates the direction of the offset between the two place names, dates, or times involved in the expression.

measure (measure) contains a word or phrase referring to some quantity of an object or commodity, usually comprising a number, a unit, and a commodity name.

Some examples of relative place names are:

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NRPA1">
 <offset>near the top of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

⚓︎

<placeName>
 <measure>20 km</measure>
 <offset>north of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>

⚓︎

If desired, the distance specified may be normalized using the unit and quantity attributes of measure:

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Duncan">
 <measure unit="km" quantity="17.7">11 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northwest of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Providence</settlement>, <region type="state">RI</region>
</placeName>

⚓︎

The internal structure of place names is like that of personal names—complex and subject to an enormous amount of variation across time and different cultures. The recommendations in this section should however be adequate for a majority of users and applications; they may be extended using the mechanisms described in chapter 24.3. Customization to add new elements to the existing classes. When the focus of interest is on the name components themselves, as in place name studies for example, the elements discussed in 14.3.7. Names and Nyms may also be of use. Alternatively, the meaning structure itself may be represented using feature structures (19. Feature Structures).

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TEI: Event Names⚓︎14.2.4. Event Names

The eventName element is provided in parallel to other naming mechanisms; it is intended especially for ‘canonical’ names that are used in texts to mention specific named events, whether real or fictional.

<p>On <date when="1719-03-19">Monday</date>, <rs type="person">she</rs> was writing about the
<eventName ref="#SecondDefPrague">1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName> which initiated the
<rs type="event" ref="#ThirtyYearsWar">long war</rs>.</p>

⚓︎

eventName (name of an event) contains a proper noun or noun phrase used to refer to an event.

There are two major applications of eventName:

to indicate names of events mentioned in transcribed text, such as in the above example; and

to indicate the names of events for which details are being provided in an event element.

For the first application, as with most other naming elements, the eventName element is a member of the att.canonical class, and thus the ref (or key) attribute may be used to refer to a an event element (about which see 14.3.5. Events) or some other data item that contains further information about the event.

When used as a direct child of event, an eventName provides one of the names of the event about which details are being provided in its parent event. A single event may be known by many names. All, only one, or indeed none of these might be provided in the event used to provide information about such an event. If more than one eventName is used they may be differentiated by use of type, where, or dating attributes. In cases where multiple event elements describe events that have the same name, the xml:id attribute of the event or an idno, head, or label sibling of the eventName may be used for disambiguation and identification. Typically xml:id or idno would be used for machine-processable disambiguation, and either head or label for human readers.

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TEI: Object Names⚓︎14.2.5. Object Names

objectName (name of an object) contains a proper noun or noun phrase used to refer to an object.

As with other proper nouns or noun phrases used as names, the names of objects may be marked up simply with the name element. For those working with a variety of named objects the objectName element provides more flexibility.

<p>The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#AlfredJewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.</p>

⚓︎

The objectName element may be used to encode any named object whether or not this is a text-bearing object. The use of objectName by itself does not categorize the object referenced, but this may be done further with the type and subtype attributes or through reference to a taxonomy. Additionally, the use of the objectName element says nothing about the physical reality of the object – that is whether it is real, fictional, purported, or missing – and this may be one aspect that some may wish to record through the type attribute. Where more detailed information is available for a named object the ref attribute should be used to point to an object element or other source of information about this object. The objectName element is intended for named objects; where an object is mentioned through a descriptive phrase but not named explicitly the rs element should be used.

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TEI: Biographical and Prosopographical Data⚓︎14.3. Biographical and Prosopographical Data

This module defines a number of special purpose elements which can be used to markup biographical, historical, and prosopographical data. We envisage a number of users and uses for these elements. For example, an encoder may be interested in creating or converting a set of biographical records of the type found in a Dictionary of National Biography. Another use is the creation or conversion of a database-like collection of information about a group of people, such as the people referenced in a marked-up collection of documents, or persons who have served as informants in the creation of spoken corpora. It is also appropriate to use these elements to register information relating to those who have taken part in the creation of a TEI document.

To cater for this diversity, these Guidelines propose a flexible strategy, in which encoders may choose for themselves the approach appropriate to their needs. If one were interested, for example, in converting existing DNB-type records, and wanted to preserve the text as is, the person element (see 14.3.2. The Person Element) could simply contain the text of an article, placed within p elements, possibly using elements such as name or date to mark up features of that text. For a more structured entry, however, one would extract the data and place information contained in the text, and encode it directly using the more specific elements described in this section.

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TEI: Basic Principles⚓︎14.3.1. Basic Principles

Information about people, places, organizations, and events, of whatever type, essentially comprises a series of statements or assertions relating to:

characteristics or traits which do not, by and large, change over time

characteristics or states which hold true only at a specific time

events or incidents which may lead to a change of state or, less frequently, trait,

external resources where other information on the subject can be found.

‘Characteristics’ or ‘traits’ are typically independent of an individual's volition or action and can be either physical, such as hair and eye colour; or cultural, such as ethnicity and caste. The distinction is not entirely straightforward: gender and sex can be regarded as culturally determined with physical manifestations, interpreted based on the social hierarchies of a time and place. Also the division of humanity into different ‘races’, formalized in the nineteenth century to organize a hierarchy of humanity on the basis of physical characteristics such as skin colour, hair type, and skull measurements, is now recognized as a colonialist social construct.⁵³ When such a construct defined individuals' identities beyond their volition, the markup and documentation should reflect this as a culturally-determined characteristic.

‘States’ include, for example, marital status, place of residence, and position or occupation. Such states have a definite duration, that is, they have a beginning and an end and are typically a consequence of the individual's own action or that of others.

‘Changes in state’ refer to life-changing or identity-changing events such as birth, marriage, or appointment to office; such events will normally be associated with a specific date or a fairly narrow date-range. Changes in states can also cause or be caused by changes in characteristics. Any statement or assertion about these aspects of a person's life will be based on some source, possibly multiple sources, possibly contradictory. Taking all this into account it follows that each such statement or assertion needs to be documentable, put into a time frame, and be relatable to other statements or assertions.

The elements defined by the module described in this chapter may, for the most part, all be regarded as specializations of one or other of the above three classes. Generic elements for state, trait, and event are also defined:

state (state) contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization often at some specific time or for a specific date range.

trait (trait) contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization typically, but not necessarily, independent of the volition or action of the holder and usually not at some specific time or for a specific date range.

event (event) contains data relating to anything of significance that happens in time.

att.locatable provides attributes for referencing locations by pointing to entries in a canonical list of places.

where
indicates one or more locations by pointing to a place element or other canonical description.

listEvent (list of events) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable event.

When developing a prosopography record of a named entity it is a common practice to refer explicitly to other resources, for example the Library of Congress Name Authority File, Virtual Internationl Authority File (VIAF), a gazetteer of places like Pleiades, or a printed book.

idno (identifier) supplies any form of identifier used to identify some object, such as a bibliographic item, a person, a title, an organization, etc. in a standardized way.

type
categorizes the identifier, for example as an ISBN, Social Security number, etc. Suggested values include: 1] ISBN; 2] ISSN; 3] DOI; 4] URI; 5] VIAF; 6] ESTC; 7] OCLC

Here is a simple example:

<place xml:id="Rome">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>41.891775 12.486137</geo>
 </location>
 <idno type="Pleiades">423025</idno>
 <note>capital of the Roman Empire</note>
</place>

⚓︎

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TEI: The Person Element⚓︎14.3.2. The Person Element

Information about a person, as distinct from references to a person, for example by name, is grouped together within a person element. Information about a group of people regarded as a single entity (for example ‘the audience’ of a performance) may be encoded using the personGrp element. Note however that information about a group of people with a distinct identity (for example a named theatrical troupe) should be recorded using the org element described in section 14.3.3. Organizational Data below.

These elements may appear only within a listPerson element, which groups such descriptions together, and optionally also describes relationships amongst the people listed.

listPerson (list of persons) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable person or a group of people, for example the participants in a language interaction, or the people referred to in a historical source.

listRelation provides information about relationships identified amongst people, places, and organizations, either informally as prose or as formally expressed relation links.

One or more listPerson elements may be supplied within the standOff element (see 17.10. The standOff Container) or, when used to list the participants in a linguistic interaction, within the particDesc (participant description) element in the profileDesc element of a TEI header. Like other forms of list, however, listPerson can also appear within the body of a text when the module defined by this chapter is included in a schema.

The type attribute may be used to distinguish lists of people of different kinds where this is considered convenient:

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

⚓︎

The person element carries several attributes. As a member of the classes att.global.responsibility, att.editLike, and att.global.source class, it carries the usual attributes for providing details about the information recorded for that person, such as its reliability or source:

att.global.responsibility provides attributes indicating the agent responsible for some aspect of the text, the markup or something asserted by the markup, and the degree of certainty associated with it.

cert | (certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation.
resp | (responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber.

att.editLike provides attributes describing the nature of an encoded scholarly intervention or interpretation of any kind.

evidence
indicates the nature of the evidence supporting the reliability or accuracy of the intervention or interpretation. Suggested values include: 1] internal; 2] external; 3] conjecture

att.global.source provides attributes used by elements to point to an external source.

source
specifies the source from which some aspect of this element is drawn.

In addition, a small number of very commonly used personal properties may be recorded using attributes specific to person and personGrp:

person (person) provides information about an identifiable individual, for example a participant in a language interaction, or a person referred to in a historical source.

role | specifies a primary role or classification for the person.
sex | specifies the sex of the person.
age | specifies an age group for the person.

personGrp (personal group) describes a group of individuals treated as a single person for analytic purposes.

These attributes are intended for use where only a small amount of data is to be encoded in a more or less normalized form, possibly for many person elements, for example when encoding basic facts about respondents to a questionnaire. When however a more detailed encoding is required for all kinds of information about a person, for example in a historical gazetteer, then it will be more appropriate to use the elements age, sex and others described elsewhere in this chapter.

Note that the age attribute is not intended to record the person's age expressed in years, months, or other temporal unit. Rather it is intended to record into which age bracket, for the purposes of some analysis, the person falls. A simple (perhaps too simple to be useful) binary classification of age brackets would be child and adult. The actual age brackets useful to various projects are likely to be varied and idiosyncratic, and thus these Guidelines make no particular recommendation as to possible values. Instead, individual projects are recommended to define the values they use in their own customization file, using a declaration like the following:

<elementSpec ident="person"
 module="namesdates" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="replace" ident="age">
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="child">
     <desc>less than 18 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="adult">
     <desc>18 to 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="retired">
     <desc>over 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

⚓︎

The above declaration, were it properly placed in a customization file, establishes that the age attribute of person has only three possible values, child, adult, and retired. For more information on customization see 24.3. Customization.

The person element may contain many sub-elements, each specifying a different property of the person being described. The remainder of this section describes these more specific elements. For convenience, these elements are grouped into three classes, corresponding with the tripartite division outlined above: one for traits, one for states and one for events. Each class may contain specific elements for common types of biographical information, and contains a generic element for other, user-defined, types of information.

All the elements in these three classes belong to the attribute class att.datable, which provides the following attributes:

att.datable.w3c provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events conforming to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition.

when | supplies the value of the date or time in a standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
notBefore | specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
notAfter | specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
from | indicates the starting point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
to | indicates the ending point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

as discussed in 14.1. Attribute Classes Defined by This Module above.

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TEI: Personal Characteristics⚓︎14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

The model.persStateLike class contains elements describing physical or socially-constructed characteristics, traits, or states of a person. Members of the class comprise the following specific elements:

affiliation (affiliation) contains an informal description of a person's present or past affiliation with some organization, for example an employer or sponsor.

age (age) specifies the age of a person.

education (education) contains a description of the educational experience of a person.

faith (faith) specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person.

floruit (floruit) contains information about a person's period of activity.

gender (gender) specifies the gender identity of a person, persona, or character.

langKnowledge (language knowledge) summarizes the state of a person's linguistic knowledge, either as prose or by a list of langKnown elements.

nationality (nationality) contains an informal description of a person's present or past nationality or citizenship.

occupation (occupation) contains an informal description of a person's trade, profession or occupation.

persName (personal name) contains a proper noun or proper-noun phrase referring to a person, possibly including one or more of the person's forenames, surnames, honorifics, added names, etc.

persona provides information about one of the personalities identified for a given individual, where an individual has multiple personalities.

persPronouns (personal pronouns) indicates the personal pronouns used, or assumed to be used, by the individual being described.

residence (residence) describes a person's present or past places of residence.

sex (sex) specifies the sex of an organism.

socecStatus (socio-economic status) contains an informal description of a person's perceived social or economic status.

state (state) contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization often at some specific time or for a specific date range.

trait (trait) contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization typically, but not necessarily, independent of the volition or action of the holder and usually not at some specific time or for a specific date range.

All, apart from langKnowledge and persona, allow content of ordinary prose containing phrase-level elements.

<socecStatus ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:AB1">Status AB1 in the RG Classification scheme</socecStatus>

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Encoders should take particular care to be explicit about culturally determined concepts such as nationality, ethnicity, age, or sex/gender system that influence their markup.⁵⁴ For example, when recording personal age in different cultures, there may be different assumptions about the point from which age is reckoned. Scholars face similar issues when marking sex and gender according to cultural systems from times and places not their own. A statement of the practice adopted in a given encoding may usefully be provided in the editorialDecl element discussed in 2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration.

The langKnowledge element contains either paragraphs or a number of langKnown elements; it may take a tags attribute, which provides one or more standard codes or ‘tag’s for the languages. The langKnown element must have a tag attribute, which indicates the language with the same kind of ‘language tag’. These ‘language tags’ are discussed in detail in vi.1. Language Identification.

Furthermore, the langKnown element also has a level attribute to indicate the level of the person's competence in the language. It is thus possible either to say:

<langKnowledge tags="ff fr wo en">
 <p>Speaks fluent Fulani, Wolof, and French. Some knowledge of
   English.</p>
</langKnowledge>

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or

<langKnowledge>
 <langKnown level="fluent" tag="ff">Fulani</langKnown>
 <langKnown level="fluent" tag="wo">Wolof</langKnown>
 <langKnown level="fluent" tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 <langKnown level="basic" tag="en">English</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>

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The persona element may contain the same component elements as a person element. Its function is to document a distinct persona assumed by the person element containing it. A person, not necessarily fictional, may take on different personas at different times or in different situations, each persona having different personal characteristics, such as name, age, sex, gender etc. We distinguish a persona, which is a set of characteristics associated with one specific individual, from a role, which is a set of characteristics that many different people can assume. An actor does not change their persona when adopting a different role, but none of the personas associated with one person can properly be associated with another.

The persPronouns element may be used to indicate the personal pronouns used, or assumed to be used, by the individual being described. It is common practice in email signatures and biographies, for people to include their preferred personal pronouns along with their name or handle. This allows transgender and gender variant people to express how they wish to be identified, without having to share their gender identity (though some do). Cisgender people have also adopted the practice, which normalizes the idea that a person's personal pronouns should not be inferred by their name, sex, gender, or gender presentation. The persPronouns element may be used either in transcribed content to encode a phrase used to indicate preferred personal pronouns, or may be used inside a person or persona element to indicate the associated pronouns.

For example, the following entry from a hypothetical prosopography lists only the nominative case of the preferred pronouns as identified by Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, a historical figure.

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>Miss Major</forename>
  <surname>Griffin-Gracy</surname>
 </persName>
 <birth when="1940-10-25"/>
 <gender value="transWoman"
  evidence="selfIdentification">trans woman</gender>
 <persPronouns value="she"
  evidence="selfIdentification"/>
 <note>
  <p>Veteran of the Stonewall Riots. Founder of the
     Griffin-Gracy Educational Retreat and Historical
     Center (the House of GG). Activist and advocate for
     transgender and gender-nonconforming people of
     color.</p>
 </note>
</person>

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Personal pronouns often occur as part of the closer of an email, post, or other electronic communication.

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

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The sex and gender elements each carry a value attribute to give values from a project-internal taxonomy, or an external standard.

<sex value="F">female</sex>
<gender value="W">woman</gender>

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As elsewhere, these coded values may be used as an alternative to or normalization of the actual descriptive text contained in the element. The previous example might equally well be given as

<sex value="F"/>
<gender value="W"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

The generic trait and state elements are also members of this class,

trait (trait) contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization typically, but not necessarily, independent of the volition or action of the holder and usually not at some specific time or for a specific date range.

state (state) contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization often at some specific time or for a specific date range.

These elements can be used to extend the range of information supplied about an individual's personal characteristics. Either may contain an optional label element, used to provide a human-readable specification for the characteristic concerned and a description of the feature itself supplied within a desc element. These may be followed by or one or more p elements supplying more detailed information about the trait. In either case, these may be followed by one or more notes or bibliographical references. The type, ref, and key attributes may be used to indicate a fuller definition of the combination of feature and value.

<trait type="ethnicity" key="alb">
 <label>Ethnicity</label>
 <desc>Ethnic Albanian.</desc>
</trait>

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These elements are provided as a simple means of extending the set of descriptive features available in a standardized way. For example, there are no predefined elements for such features as eye or hair colour. If these are to be recorded, they may simply be added as new types of trait:

<trait type="physical">
 <label>eye colour</label>
 <desc>blue</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
 <label>hair colour</label>
 <desc>brown</desc>
</trait>

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If none of the more specialized elements listed above is appropriate, then a choice must be made between the two generic elements trait and state. If you wish to distinguish between characteristics that are generally perceived to be transient and those which are generally considered unchanging, use state for the former, and trait for the latter. It may also be helpful to note that traits are typically, but not necessarily, independent of the volition or action of the holder. If the distinction between state and trait is not considered relevant or useful, use state.

The persName element is repeatable and can, like all TEI elements, take the attribute xml:lang to indicate the language of the content of the element, as well as a type attribute to indicate the type of name, whether a nickname, maiden or birth name, alternative form, etc. This is useful in cases where, for example, a person is known by a Latin name and also by any number of vernacular names, many or all of which may have claims to ‘authenticity’. In order to ensure uniformity, the method generally employed in the library world has been to accept the form found in some authority file, for example that of the American Library of Congress, as the ‘base’ or ‘neutral’ form. Feelings can run high on this matter, however, and people are often reluctant to accept as ‘neutral’ an overtly foreign form of the name of their local saint or hero. Within the person element any number of variant forms of a name can be given, with no prioritization, and hence less likelihood of offence. The Icelandic scholar and manuscript collector Árni Magnússon, to give his name in standard modern Icelandic spelling, is known in Danish as Arne Magnusson, the form which he himself, as a long term resident of Denmark, generally used; there is also a Latinized form, Arnas Magnæus, which he used in his scholarly writings. All three forms can be given, and in any order:

<person xml:id="ArnMag">
 <persName xml:lang="is">Árni Magnússon</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="da">Arne Magnusson</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Arnas Magnæus</persName>
</person>

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At the other extreme, a person may be named periphrastically as in the following example:

<person xml:id="simon_son_of_richard2">
 <persName>Simon, son of Richard</persName>
 <residence>
  <placeName>
   <region>Essex</region>
  </placeName>
 </residence>
 <floruit notBefore="1219" notAfter="1223">1219-1223</floruit>
</person>

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Alternatively, the generic name element may be used for all of the naming components in a description. For example, a description of the first living held by the Icelandic clergyman and poet Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín might be tagged as follows:

<state type="office" from="1777-04-07"
 to="1780-07-12">
 <p>Jón's first living — which he apparently accepted rather reluctantly — was at <name type="place">Háls í
     Hamarsfirði</name>, <name type="place">Múlasýsla</name>, to which he was presented on 7 April 1777. He was
   ordained the following month and spent three years at Háls, but was never happy there, due largely to the general
   penury in which he was forced to live — a recurrent theme throughout the early part of his life. In June of 1780
   the bishop recommended that Jón should <q xml:lang="da">promoveres til andet bedre kald, end det hand hidindtil
     har havt</q>, and on 12 July it was agreed that he should exchange livings with <name type="person"
   ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:ThorJon">sr. Þórður Jónsson</name> at <name type="place">Kálfafell á Síðu</name>,
 <name type="place">Skaftafellssýsla</name>.</p>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.15, p. 733.</bibl>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.17, p.
   102.</bibl>
</state>

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Similarly, the generic state or trait element may be used in preference to the more specific elements listed above:

<state type="nationality"
 notBefore="2002-01-15">
 <label>Nationality</label>
 <desc>American citizen from 15 January 2002.</desc>
</state>

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is the same as:

<nationality notBefore="2002-01-15">American citizen from 15 January 2002.</nationality>

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or even:

<nationality notBefore="2002-01-15"
 key="US"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Personal Events⚓︎14.3.2.2. Personal Events

This section describes events that relate to one or more persons, while the section on Events below describes the use of event in more general terms.

Events in a person's history are not characteristics of an individual, but often cause an individual to gain such characteristics, or to enter a new state. Most such events, for example marriage, appointment, promotion, or a journey may be recorded using the generic element event, which may be grouped with listEvent, and has a content model similar to that of state and trait. The chief difference is that event can include a placeName element to identify the name of the place where the event occurred.

Two particular events in a person's life, namely birth and death, are both ubiquitous and usually considered particularly important, and thus may be represented by specialized elements for the purpose:

birth (birth) contains information about a person's birth, such as its date and place.

death (death) contains information about a person's death, such as its date and place.

In the following example, we give a brief summary of the wedding of Jane Burden to the English writer, designer, and socialist William Morris, encoded as an event element embedded within the person element used to record data about Morris, though we could equally well have embedded the event element within the person element for Burden, or have encoded it independently of either person element:

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

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In this example the ref attributes on the various name elements point either to an external source or to a person element within which other information about the person named may be found. As further discussed below (14.3.2.3. Personal Relationships), a relation element may then be used to link them in a more meaningful way:

<relation name="spouse" mutual="#WM #JBM"/>
<relation name="friend" mutual="#WM #RWD"/>
<relation name="parent" active="#RB"
 passive="#JBM"/>

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As mentioned above, all these elements, both the specific and the generic, are members of the att.datable attribute class, which means they can be limited in terms of time. The following encoding, for example, demonstrates that the person named David Jones changed his name in 1966 to David Bowie:

<person xml:id="DB">
 <persName notAfter="1966">David Jones</persName>
 <persName notBefore="1966">David Bowie</persName>
</person>

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All the generic elements are also members of the att.global.responsibility and att.editLike classes. These classes make available the attributes cert, to indicate the degree of certainty, resp, the agency responsible, evidence, the nature of the evidence used, and source, a pointer to a resource from which the information derives. In this way it is possible, in the case of multiple and conflicting sources, to provide more than one view of what happened, as in the following example:

<event type="birth" resp="#XYZ" cert="high">
 <p>Born in <name type="place">Brixton</name> on 8 January
   1947.</p>
</event>
<event type="birth" resp="#ABC" cert="low">
 <p>Born in <name type="place">Berkhamsted</name> on 9 January
   1947.</p>
</event>

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TEI: Personal Relationships⚓︎14.3.2.3. Personal Relationships

When the module defined by this chapter is included in a schema, the following two elements may be used to document relationships amongst the persons, places, or organizations identified:

listRelation provides information about relationships identified amongst people, places, and organizations, either informally as prose or as formally expressed relation links.

relation (relationship) describes any kind of relationship or linkage amongst a specified group of places, events, persons, objects or other items.

name | supplies a name for the kind of relationship of which this is an instance.
active | identifies the ‘active’ participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one.
mutual | supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally.
passive | identifies the ‘passive’ participants in a non-mutual relationship.

These elements are both members of the att.typed class, from which they inherit the type and subtype attributes in the usual way. The value specified for either attribute on a listRelation element is implicitly applicable to all of its child relation elements, unless overridden.

A relationship, as defined here, may be any kind of describable link between specified participants. A participant (in this sense) might be a person, a place, or an organization. In the case of persons, therefore, a relationship might be a social relationship (such as employer/employee), a personal relationship (such as sibling, spouse, etc.) or something less precise such as ‘possessing shared knowledge’. A relationship may be mutual, in that all the participants engage in it on an equal footing (for example the ‘sibling’ relationship); or it may not be if participants are not identical with respect to their role in the relationship (for example, the ‘employer’ relationship). For non-mutual relationships, only two kinds of role are currently supported; they are named active and passive. These names are chosen to reflect the fact that non-mutual relations are directed, in the sense that they are most readily described by a transitive verb, or a verb phrase of the form is X of or is X to. The subject of the verb is classed as active; the direct object of the verb, or the object of the concluding preposition, as passive. Thus parents are ‘active’ and children ‘passive’ in the relationship ‘parent’ (interpreted as is parent of); the employer is ‘active’, the employee ‘passive’, in the relationship employs. These relationships can be inverted: parents are ‘passive’ and children ‘active’ in the relationship is child of; similarly ‘works for’ inverts the active and passive roles of ‘employs’.

For example:

<listRelation>
 <relation name="parent" active="#P1 #P2"
  passive="#P3 #P4"/>
 <relation name="spouse" mutual="#P1 #P2"/>
 <relation type="social" name="employer"
  active="#P1" passive="#P3 #P4"/>
</listRelation>

bibliography ⚓︎

This example defines the relationships amongst a number of people not further described here; we assume however that each person has been allocated an identifier such as P1, P2, etc. which can be linked to using references such as #P1, #P2, etc. Then the above set of relation elements describe the following three relationships amongst the people referenced:

P1 and P2 are parents of P3 and P4.

P1 and P2 are linked in a mutual relationship called ‘spouse’—that is, P2 is the spouse of P1, and P1 is the spouse of P2.

P1 has the social relationship ‘employer’ with respect to P3 and P4.

Relationships within places and organizations are further discussed in the relevant sections below. Relationships between for example organizations and places, or places and persons, may be handled in exactly the same way.

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TEI: Organizational Data⚓︎14.3.3. Organizational Data

The org and listOrg elements are used to store data about an organization such as its preferred name, its locations, or key persons within it.

org (organization) provides information about an identifiable organization such as a business, a tribe, or any other grouping of people.

listOrg (list of organizations) contains a list of elements, each of which provides information about an identifiable organization.

These elements are intended to be used in a way analogous to the place and person elements discussed elsewhere in this chapter, that is to provide a unique wrapper element for information about an entity, distinct from references to that entity which are typically encoded using a naming element such as <name type="org"> or orgName. The content of a naming element will represent the way an organization is named in a given context; the content of an org represents the information known to the encoder about that organization, gathered together in a single place, and independent of its textual realization.

An organization is not the same thing as a list or group of people because it has an identity of its own. That identity may be expressed solely in the existence of a name (for example ‘The Scythians’), but is likely to consist in the combination of that name with a number of events, traits, or states which are considered to apply to the organization itself, rather than any of its members. For example, a sports team might be described in terms of its membership (a listPerson), its fixtures (a listPlace), its geographical affiliation (a placeName), or any combination of these. It will also have properties which may be used to categorize it in some way such as the kind of sport played, whether the team is amateur or professional, and so on: these are probably best dealt with by means of the type attribute. However, it is the name of the sports team alone which identifies it.

The content model for org permits any mixture of generic state, trait, or event elements: the presence of the orgName element described in 14.2.2. Organizational Names is however strongly recommended.

In other respects, the org element is used in much the same way as place or person. An organization may have different names at different times:

<org xml:id="fab4">
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName from="1960-08">The Beatles</orgName>
</org>

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The names of the people making up an organization can also change over time, (if they are known at all). For example:

<org xml:id="FAB4">
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

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An org may contain subordinate orgs:

<org xml:id="OUCS">
 <orgName>Oxford University Computing Services</orgName>
 <org xml:id="OUCSisg">
  <orgName>Information and Support Group</orgName>
 </org>
 <org xml:id="OUCSig">
  <orgName>Infrastructure Group</orgName>
  <org xml:id="OUCSig.nt">
   <orgName>Networking Team</orgName>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="OUCSig.sdt">
   <orgName>System Development Team</orgName>
  </org>
 </org>
 <org xml:id="OUCSltg">
  <orgName>Learning Technologies Group</orgName>
 </org>
</org>

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The following example demonstrates the use of the listOrg element to group together a number of org elements, each of which is defined solely by means of an informal description, itself containing other names.

<p>The TEI institutional hosts are: <listOrg>
  <org xml:id="bu">
   <orgName>Brown University</orgName>
   <desc>The host contribution is made jointly by the <name type="project">Brown University Women Writers
         Project</name> and the <orgName>Brown University Library's Center for Digital Initiatives</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="na">
   <orgName>Nancy</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by a group of institutions located in Nancy, France, coordinated by
   <orgName>Loria</orgName> and also including <orgName>ATILF</orgName> and <orgName>INIST</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="ou">
   <orgName>Oxford University</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by the <orgName>Research Technologies Service</orgName> at <orgName>Oxford University
         Computing Services</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="uv">
   <orgName>University of Virginia</orgName>
   <desc>Virginia's host support comes jointly from the <orgName>Institute for Advanced Technology in the
         Humanities</orgName> and the <orgName>University of Virginia Library</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
 </listOrg>
</p>

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In a more elaborated version of this example, the organizational names tagged using orgName might be linked using the key or ref attribute to a unique org element elsewhere.

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TEI: Places⚓︎14.3.4. Places

In 14.2.3. Place Names we discuss various ways of naming places such as towns, countries, etc. In much the same way as these Guidelines distinguish between the encoding of names for people and the encoding of other data about people, so they also distinguish between the encoding of names for places and the encoding of other data about places. In this section we present elements which may be used to record in a structured way data about places of any kind which might be named or referenced within a text. Such data may be useful as a way of normalizing or standardizing references to particular places, as the raw material for a gazetteer or similar reference document associated with a particular text or set of texts, or in conjunction with any form of geographical information system.

The following elements are provided for this purpose:

listPlace (list of places) contains a list of places, optionally followed by a list of relationships (other than containment) defined amongst them.

place (place) contains data about a geographic location.

The model.placeStateLike class contains elements describing characteristics of a place which have a definite duration, such as its name. Any member of the model.placeNamePart may be used for this purpose, since a place element will usually contain at least one, and possibly several, placeName-like elements indicating the names associated with it, by different people, in different languages, or at different times.

For example, the modern city of Lyon in France was in Roman times known as Lugdunum. Although the modern and the Roman city are not physically co-extensive, they have significant areas which overlap, and we may therefore wish to regard them as the same place, while supplying both names with an indication of the time period during which each was current.

Places usually have physical locations in addition to names. As with the example of Lyon, the precise geographic location and extent of a place may change over time, and so locations like names may need to be qualified with indications of the time period to which they apply. Locations may be specified in a number of ways: as a set of coordinates defining a point or an area on the surface of the earth, or by providing a description of how the place may be found, usually in terms of other place names. For example, we can identify the location of the Canadian city of London, either by specifying its latitude and longitude, or by specifying that we mean the city called London located in the province called Ontario within the country called Canada.

In addition we may wish to supply a brief characterization of the place identified, for example to state that it is a city, an administrative area such as a country, or a landmark of some kind such as a monument or a battlefield. If our typology of places is simple, the open ended type attribute is the easiest way to represent it: so we might say <place type="city">, <place type="battlefield"> etc.

Within the place element, the following elements may be used to provide more information about specific aspects of the place in a structured form:

placeName (place name) contains an absolute or relative place name.

location (location) defines the location of a place as a set of geographical coordinates, in terms of other named geo-political entities, or as an address.

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TEI: Varieties of Location⚓︎14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

A location may be specified in one or more of the following ways:

by supplying a string representing its coordinates in some standardized way within a geo element, as shown below

by supplying one or more place name component elements (e.g. country, settlement etc.) to place it within a geo-political context

by supplying a postal address, e.g. using the address element

by supplying a brief textual description, e.g. using the desc element

by using a non-TEI XML vocabulary such as the Geography Markup Language

We give examples of all of these methods in the remainder of this section.

The simplest method of specifying a location is by means of its geographic coordinates, supplied within the geo element. This may be used to supply any kind of positional information, using one of the many different geodetic systems available. Such systems vary in their format, in their scope or coverage, and more fundamentally in the reference frame (the ‘datum’) used for the coordinate system itself. The default recommended by these Guidelines is to supply a string containing two real numbers separated by whitespace, of which the first indicates latitude and the second longitude according to the 1984 World Geodetic System (WGS84); this is the system currently used by most GPS applications which TEI users are likely to encounter.⁵⁵We might therefore record the information about the place known as ‘Lyon’ as follows:

<place xml:id="LYON1" type="city">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>45.769559 4.834843</geo>
 </location>
</place>

⚓︎

Identifying Lyon by its geo-political status as a settlement within a country forming part of a larger political entity, we might represent the same ‘place’ as follows:

<place xml:id="LYON2">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <bloc>EU</bloc>
  <country>France</country>
 </location>
</place>

⚓︎

Elements such as bloc are specialized forms of placeName, as discussed in 14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names.

We may use the same procedure to represent the location of smaller places, such as a street or even an individual building:

<place xml:id="BGbldg" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

⚓︎

Note the use of the type attribute to categorize more precisely both the kind of place concerned (a building) and the kind of name used to locate it, for example by characterizing the generic district as an ‘arrondissement’, or a ‘quartier’.

We may also treat imaginary places in the same way:

<place xml:id="Atl" type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

⚓︎

A location sometimes resembles a set of instructions for finding a place:

<place xml:id="MYF">
 <placeName notAfter="1969">Yasgur's Farm</placeName>
 <placeName notBefore="1969">Woodstock Festival Site</placeName>
 <location>
  <measure>one mile</measure>
  <offset>north west of</offset>
  <settlement>Bethel</settlement>
  <region>New York</region>
 </location>
</place>

⚓︎

The element address may also be used to identify a location in terms of its postal or other address:

<place xml:id="locCA" type="cemetery">
 <placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
 <placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
 <location type="geopolitical">
  <country>Italy</country>
  <settlement>Rome</settlement>
  <district>Testaccio</district>
 </location>
 <location type="address">
  <address>
   <addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
   <addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
  </address>
 </location>
</place>

⚓︎

When, as here, the same place is given multiple locations, the type attribute should be used to characterize the kind of location, as a means of indicating that these are alternative ways of identifying the same place, rather than that the place is spread across several locations.

The location element may thus identify a place to a greater or lesser degree of precision, using a variety of means: a name, a set of names, or a set of coordinates. The geo element introduced earlier is by default understood to supply a value expressed in a specific (and widely used) notation. If a location contains more than one geo, this is interpreted as being really the same place in the universe, but with different systems used to refer to it. If there is a lack of consensus about the location (of, for example, Camelot), more than one location should be used, each with its own geo.

By default, the content of geo is interpreted as following the standard known as the World Geodetic System (WGS). This may be modified, however, in two ways.

Firstly, the content of the geo element can be expressed some other way, that is, according to some different geodetic system. The decls attribute is used point to a geoDecl element defined in the document header, which describes a different datum.

Secondly, the element geo may be redefined to contain markup from a different XML vocabulary which is specifically designed to represent this kind of information. This technique is used throughout these Guidelines where specialized markup is required, for example to embed mathematical expressions or vector graphics, and is further described and exemplified in 24.3.4. Examples of Modification . For geographic information, suitable non-TEI vocabularies include:

the OpenGIS Geography Markup Language (GML) being defined by the OGC⁵⁶

the Keyhole Markup Language (KML) used by Google Maps⁵⁷

In the following example, we have defined the location of the place ‘Lyon’ using GML and indicated the two names associated with it at different times:

<place xml:id="locLyon" type="city"
   xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>
   <gml:Polygon>
    <gml:exterior>
     <gml:LinearRing> 45.256 -110.45 46.46 -109.48 43.84 -109.86 45.8 -109.2 45.256 -110.45 </gml:LinearRing>
    </gml:exterior>
   </gml:Polygon>
  </geo>
 </location>
</place>

⚓︎

A bibl element may be used within location to indicate the source of the location information.

<location>
 <geo>53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <bibl>
  <title>Roman Inscriptions of Britain</title>, <idno>262</idno>
 </bibl>
</location>

⚓︎

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TEI: Multiple Places⚓︎14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

A place may contain other places. This containment relation can be directly modelled in XML: thus we can say that the towns of Vilnius and Kaunas are both in a place called Lithuania (or Lietuva) as follows:

<place xml:id="locLith">
 <country>Lithuania</country>
 <country xml:lang="lt">Lietuva</country>
 <place>
  <settlement>Vilnius</settlement>
 </place>
 <place>
  <settlement>Kaunas</settlement>
 </place>
</place>

⚓︎

This does not, of course, imply that Vilnius and Kaunas are the only places constituting Lithuania; only that they are within it. A separate place element may indicate that it is a part of Lithuania by supplying a relation element, as discussed below (14.3.4.4. Relations Between Places).

As a further example, the islands of Mauritius, Réunion, and Rodrigues are collectively known as the Mascarene Islands. Grouped together with Mauritius there are also several smaller offshore islands, with rather picturesque French names. These offshore islands do not however constitute an identifiable place as a whole. One way of representing this is as follows:

<place xml:id="locMascarenes"
 type="islandGroup">
 <placeName>Mascarene Islands</placeName>
 <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
  <listPlace type="offshoreIslands">
   <place>
    <placeName>La roche qui pleure</placeName>
   </place>
   <place>
    <placeName>Île aux cerfs</placeName>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </place>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
</place>

⚓︎

Here is a more complex example, showing the variety of names associated at different times and in different languages with a set of hierarchically grouped places—the settlement of Carmarthen Castle, within the town of Carmarthen, within the administrative county of Carmarthenshire, Wales.

<place xml:id="wales" type="country">
 <placeName xml:lang="cy">Cymru</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Wales</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallie</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallia</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="fro">Le Waleis</placeName>
 <place xml:id="carmarthenshire"
  type="region">
  <region type="county" xml:lang="en"
   notBefore="1284">Carmarthenshire</region>
  <place xml:id="carmarthen"
   type="settlement">
   <placeName xml:lang="en">Carmarthen</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="la"
    notBefore="1090" notAfter="1300">Kaermerdin</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="cy">Caerfyrddin</placeName>
   <place xml:id="carmarthen_castle"
    type="castle">
    <settlement>castle of Carmarthen</settlement>
   </place>
  </place>
 </place>
</place>

⚓︎

As noted previously, country, region, and settlement are all specializations of the generic placeName element; they are not specializations of the place element. If it is desired to distinguish amongst kinds of place this can only be done by means of the type attribute as in the above example.

This use of multiple place elements should be distinguished from the (possibly simpler) case where a number of places with some property in common are being grouped together for convenience, for example, in a gazetteer. The listPlace element is provided as a means of grouping places together where there is no implication that the grouped elements constitute a distinct place. For example:

<place xml:id="pl-c-H" type="county">
 <placeName>Herefordshire</placeName>
 <listPlace type="villages">
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AD">
   <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AB">
   <placeName>Acton Beauchamp</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
 <listPlace type="towns">
  <place xml:id="pl-t-H">
   <placeName>Hereford</placeName>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-t-L">
   <placeName>Leominster</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
</place>

⚓︎

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TEI: States, Traits, and Events⚓︎14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

There are many different kinds of information which it might be considered useful to record for a place in addition to its name and location, and the categories selected are likely to be very project-specific. As with persons therefore these Guidelines make no claim to comprehensiveness in this context. Instead, the generic state, trait, and event elements defined by this module should be used. Each of these may be customized for particular needs by means of their type attribute. These are complemented by a small number of predefined elements of general utility:

population (population) contains information about the population of a place.

climate (climate) contains information about the physical climate of a place.

terrain (terrain) contains information about the physical terrain of a place.

These are all specializations of the generic trait element. This element may be used for almost any kind of event in the life of a place; no specialized version of this element is proposed, nor do we attempt to enumerate the possible values which might be appropriate for the type attribute on any of these generic elements.

Here is an example, showing how the specific and generic elements may be combined:

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

⚓︎

In the following example, the climate example is used to provided a detailed discussion of this particular aspect of the information available about a particular place:

<place xml:id="greece">
 <placeName>Greece</placeName>
 <climate>
  <desc>Greece's climate is divided into three well defined classes:</desc>
  <climate>
   <label>Mediterranean</label>
   <desc>It features mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures rarely reach extremes, although snowfalls
       do occur occasionally even in <placeName>Athens</placeName>, <placeName>Cyclades</placeName> or
   <placeName>Crete</placeName> during the winter.</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Alpine</label>
   <desc>It is found primarily in <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Greece</placeName>
       (<placeName>Epirus</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> Greece</placeName>,
   <placeName>Thessaly</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as well as
       central parts of <placeName>Peloponnesus</placeName> like <placeName>Achaea</placeName>,
   <placeName>Arcadia</placeName> and parts of <placeName>Laconia</placeName> where the Alpine range pass
       by)</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Temperate</label>
   <desc>It is found in <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> and <offset>Eastern</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as
       well as in <placeName>Thrace</placeName> at places like <placeName>Komotini</placeName>,
   <placeName>Xanthi</placeName> and <placeName>
     <offset>northern</offset> Evros</placeName>. It features cold,
       damp winters and hot, dry summers.</desc>
  </climate>
 </climate>
</place>

⚓︎

As the above example shows, state and trait elements, and others of the same class, can be nested hierarchically within each other. When this is done, values for the type attribute are to be understood as cumulatively inherited, as elsewhere in the TEI scheme (for example on category or linkGrp). In the following example, the outermost population element concerns the squirrel population between the dates given. This is then broken down into red and gray squirrel populations, and within that into male and female:

<population type="squirrel"
 notBefore="1901" notAfter="1902-01-11" resp="#strabo">
 <population type="red" when="1901-01-10">
  <population type="female">
   <desc>12</desc>
  </population>
  <population type="male">
   <desc>15</desc>
  </population>
 </population>
 <population type="gray" when="1902-01-10"
  cert="high">
  <population type="female">
   <desc>23</desc>
  </population>
  <population type="male" cert="low"
   resp="#biber">
   <desc>45</desc>
  </population>
 </population>
</population>

⚓︎

The dating and responsibility attributes here behave slightly differently from the type attribute: responsibility is not an additive property, and therefore an element either states it explicitly, or inherits it from its nearest ancestor. Dating is slightly different again, in that a child element may specify a date more precisely than its parent, as in the example above.

An event may be related to other named entities, and thus may appear within an org, person, personGrp, persona, or place element as well as within a listEvent or another event.

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TEI: Relations Between Places⚓︎14.3.4.4. Relations Between Places

The relation element may also be used to express relationships of various kinds between places, or between places and persons, in much the same way as it is used to express relationships between persons alone. Returning to the Mascarene Islands example cited above, we might define the island group and its constituents separately, but indicate the relationship by means of a relation element:

<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="MASC">
  <placeName>Mascarene islands</placeName>
  <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="MRU">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 </place>
 <place xml:id="ROD">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="REN">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
 <relation name="contains" active="#MASC"
  passive="#ROD #MRU #REN"/>
</listPlace>

⚓︎

This ‘stand-off’ style of representation has the advantage that we can now also represent the fact that a place may be a ‘part of’ more than one other place; for example, Réunion is part of France, as well as part of the Mascarenes. If we add a declaration for France to the list above:

<place type="country" xml:id="FRA">
 <placeName>France</placeName>
</place>

⚓︎

we can now model this dual allegiance by means of a relation element:

<relation name="partOf" active="#REN"
 passive="#FRA #MASC"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Events⚓︎14.3.5. Events

event (event) contains data relating to anything of significance that happens in time.

eventName (name of an event) contains a proper noun or noun phrase used to refer to an event.

listEvent (list of events) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable event.

An event is a change of state whether real, planned, fictional, or purported about which more information is known. The eventName element may be used to encode the proper name of an event, if known. The head or label element may also appear in event, either in lieu of or in addition to the eventName element, to provide a human-readable heading or editorially supplied label for the event.

These guidelines do not prescribe what encoders count as events, nor their granularity, nesting, or amount of other information to record in relation to each event. Yet most events can be identified by their time, location, or agents involved (be they organizations, persons, or objects).

An event element may be used to record information about a place, person, or organization related to the described event; for this reason the element may appear as content of a place, person, or org. However, it is also possible to describe events independently of either a place, person, or organization. This may be useful not only for encoding texts which describe named events and their eventNames, but also in applications as chronologies or lists of significant events (e.g., important battles, legislative milestones, or the stages of construction of a large building, etc.).

The listEvent element is a member of the model.listLike class, and may therefore appear inside standOff, or wherever else lists are permitted, in the same way as the listPerson, listPlace, listOrg etc. elements described elsewhere in this chapter.

<standOff>
 <listEvent>
  <event when="1713"
   ref="https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832/2">
   <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
<!-- The following example presupposes that the editors of the TEI document decided to understand legislation or a treaty as an <gi>event</gi>, which itself may be considered a shortcut for several events that led up to the existence or validity of the law or treaty (e.g. the signing of a treaty could also be modeled as an event, and the result on paper could be encoded as an <gi>object</gi> or <gi>bibl</gi>). -->
   <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay Company</orgName> territories in
   <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>, <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and
       recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
       North American possessions, including
   <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName>
       (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward Island</placeName>)...</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
   <label>Quebec Act</label>
   <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith and restored use of the
       French Civil Code for private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been expanded in territory
       following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
   <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
   <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty
       between the newly formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this case, the
   <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
</standOff>

⚓︎

The next example demonstrates the use of the where attribute with event, coordinated with location information stored in listPlace.

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

bibliography ⚓︎

The where attribute on event can point to multiple canonical place descriptions, which indicates that an event took place in multiple locations. For example, the November 2015 Paris Attacks took place at six different locations in Paris; this might be encoded as an event with a where attribute with six space-separated values, or using a listPlace (nested into the event or standalone).

Events may also be modeled as hierarchies of nested events. For example, a two part meeting might be represented as follows:

<event type="meeting" when="2007-05-29">
 <desc>All day meeting to resolve content models</desc>
 <event type="preamble" notAfter="13:00:00">
  <desc>first part</desc>
 </event>
 <event type="conclusions"
  notBefore="13:00:00">
  <desc>second part</desc>
 </event>
</event>

⚓︎

For event as a child element of person, note the Section 14.3.2.2. Personal Events.

Previous 14.3.5. Events

Next 14.3.7. Names and Nyms

Home

TEI: Objects⚓︎14.3.6. Objects

object contains a description of a single identifiable physical object.

objectName (name of an object) contains a proper noun or noun phrase used to refer to an object.

listObject (list of objects) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable physical object.

An object is any material thing whether real, in existence, fictional, missing, or purported about which more information is known. Where objects have proper names the objectName element may be used to encode these. However, many objects are not named but the object element may still be used to provide a description of them. The object element is a more general descriptive form of the msDesc element. The latter should be used for describing manuscripts and similar text-bearing objects but can be viewed as a more specific form of the object element.

Please note: The object element is a recent addition to TEI P5 Guidelines as of version 3.5.0 and as such might be more prone to further revision in the next few releases as its use develops. This may be particularly evident where its contents have been borrowed from msDesc and have yet to be generalized from their use in the context of manuscript descriptions.

The object element usually appears inside the listObject element which is used to group descriptions of identifiable objects. The listObject element is a member of model.listLike and so may appear inside standOff, or anywhere else that list is allowed. This enables the flexibility of using listObject to contain a set of metadata descriptions stored in the TEI header, or as a list of objects transcribed from a source document. The equivalent list for manuscript descriptions is listBibl.

objectIdentifier (object identifier) groups one or more identifiers or pieces of locating information concerning a single object.

msContents (manuscript contents) describes the intellectual content of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object either as a series of paragraphs or as a series of structured manuscript items.

physDesc (physical description) contains a full physical description of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object optionally subdivided using more specialized elements from the model.physDescPart class.

history (history) groups elements describing the full history of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

additional (additional) groups additional information, combining bibliographic information about a manuscript or other object, or surrogate copies of it, with curatorial or administrative information.

Overall, the basic structure of an object element is akin to that of msDesc in that it is providing a structured description of an object. After a group of identifying information, it has the option of paragraphs or, if the msdescription module is loaded, msContents, physDesc, history, and additional elements for descriptive metadata about this object. Although these elements originate from manuscript description the object element may be used for all forms of object (whether text-bearing or not). Where descendents of object still have the hallmarks of their use in manuscript description, the descriptions as relating to manuscripts should be interpreted as applying to all forms of object (text-bearing) or not.

The objectIdentifier element is a general-purpose grouping element for location or identification information relating to a single object or resource. It is very similar to an msIdentifier element with less contraints on the order of its contents. The objectIdentifier may be more or less detailed dependent on the needs of the encoder. In some cases an object may be used mostly as a common reference point for multiple objectName elements to refer back to. In situations, one might provide more detailed information in the objectIdentifier where it is available or desirable. Compare

<object xml:id="Excalibur-shortIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName>Excalibur</objectName>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur.</p>
</object>

⚓︎

where only a single objectName is provided and below where multiple versions are provided.

<object xml:id="Excalibur-longerIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the main English name for the legendary
   sword of King Arthur. In Welsh it is called
 <mentioned>Caledfwlch</mentioned>, in Cornish it is called
 <mentioned>Calesvol</mentioned>, in Breton it is called
 <mentioned>Kaledvoulc'h</mentioned>, and in Latin it is
   called <mentioned>Caliburnus</mentioned>. In some versions
   of the legend, Excalibur’s blade was engraved with phrases on opposite
   sides: <q>Take me up</q> and <q>Cast me away</q> (or similar).</p>
</object>

⚓︎

Moreover, the objectIdentifier may include an address element to provide the address at which the object currently resides. The use of location within this enables the provision of geographical coordinates when describing objects not housed in traditional repositories or institutions. This may also be used to supplement more traditional repository location information if available and, for example, to enable providing outputs such as maps showing the location of encoded objects.

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

⚓︎

The msContents element is currently used to provide a description of the intellectual contents of any text on an object and, being optional, is not necessary if there are no intellectual contents to describe. (Such contents, especially in the case of artistic objects, may not always be textual.) The physDesc element may be used to give a physical description of the object either in prose or using more structured elements as and where they apply to that kind of object. The history element provides the option to describe the history of the object as paragraphs or with more structure using the origin element, as many provenance stages as are appropriate, and acquisition to describe its current ownership. The additional element may be used to provide information about surrogates for the object (such as digital facsimiles) as well as administrative and curatorial information. A full description of an object can provide more or less detail at any level to represent the state of knowledge about the object.

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

⚓︎

If the object is being referenced from elsewhere in the document, this is usually done with an objectName. For example here the Alfred-Jewel xml:id is referenced from a paragraph elsewhere in the document using the ref attribute on the objectName element.

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

⚓︎

There is no restriction on the form, size, or type of object that may be described by an object element, however, some objects may be more adequately described by a place element depending on context. Where a description of an object is being provided in terms of identification, physical characteristics, or history, then an object element may be preferred. Where metadata is being recorded about the geo-political location, population, or similar traits, then the place element may be better suited. A corresponding relation between an object description and place may be recorded through the use of the corresp attribute. An example of a large object that might be described with the object element could be a building such as the Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico.

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

⚓︎

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TEI: Names and Nyms⚓︎14.3.7. Names and Nyms

So far we have discussed ways in which a name or referring string encountered in running text may be resolved by considering the object that the name refers to: in the case of a personal name, the name refers to a person; in the case of a place name, to a place, for example. The resolution of this reference is effected by means of the key or ref attributes available to all elements which are members of the att.naming class, such as persName or placeName and their more specialized variants such as forename or country. However, names can also be regarded as objects in their own right, irrespective of the objects to which they are attached, notably in onomastic studies. From this point of view, the names John in English, Jean in French, and Ivan in Russian might all be regarded as existing independently of any person to which they are attached, and also independently of any variant forms that might be attested in different sources (such as Jon or Johnny in English, or Jehan or Jojo in French). We use the term nym to refer to the canonical or normalized form of a name regarded in such a way, and provide the following elements to encode it:

listNym (list of canonical names) contains a list of nyms, that is, standardized names for any thing.

nym (canonical name) contains the definition for a canonical name or name component of any kind.

Any element which is a member of the att.naming class may use the attribute nymRef to indicate the nym with which it corresponds. Thus, given the following nym for the name Antony:

<listNym>
 <nym xml:id="N123">
  <form>Antony</form>
 </nym>
<!-- other nym definitions here -->
</listNym>

⚓︎

an occurrence of this name in running text might be encoded as follows:

<forename nymRef="#N123">Tony</forename> Blair

⚓︎

Note that this association (between "Tony" and "Antony") has nothing to do with any individual who might use the name.

The person identified by this particular Tony may however be indicated independently using the ref attribute, either on the forename or on the whole name component:

<forename nymRef="#N123" ref="#BLT">Tony</forename>
<!-- ... -->
<person xml:id="BLT">
 <persName>Tony Blair</persName>
 <occupation>politician</occupation>
</person>

⚓︎

The nym element may be thought of as providing a specialized kind of dictionary entry. Like a dictionary entry, it may contain any element from the model.entryPart class, such as form, etym, etc. For example, we may show that the canonical form for a given nym has two orthographic variants in this way:

<nym xml:id="J451">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">Iain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

⚓︎

Because a schema intending to make use of the nym or listNym element must include the dictionaries module as well as the namesdates module, many other elements are available in addition to form. For example, to provide a more complex etymological decomposition of a name, we might use the existing etym element, as follows:

<nym xml:id="XYZ">
 <form>Bogomil</form>
 <etym>Means <gloss>favoured by God</gloss> from the <lang>Slavic</lang> elements <mentioned xml:lang="ru">bog</mentioned>
  <gloss>God</gloss> and <mentioned xml:lang="ru">mil</mentioned>
  <gloss>favour</gloss>
 </etym>
</nym>

⚓︎

Where it is necessary to mark the substructure of nyms, this may be done by seg elements within the form:

<nym xml:id="ABC">
 <form>
  <choice>
   <seg type="morph">
    <seg>Bog</seg>
    <seg>o</seg>
    <seg>mil</seg>
   </seg>
   <seg type="morph">
    <seg>Bogo</seg>
    <seg>mil</seg>
   </seg>
  </choice>
 </form>
</nym>

⚓︎

The seg element used here is provided by the TEI linking module, which would therefore also need to be included in a schema built to validate such markup. Other possibilities for more detailed linguistic analysis are provided by elements included in that and the analysis (see 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms) or iso-fs modules (see 19. Feature Structures).

Alternatively, each of the constituents of Bogomil might be regarded as a nym in its own right:

<nym xml:id="B1" type="part">
 <form>bog</form>
</nym>
<nym xml:id="M1" type="part">
 <form>mil</form>
</nym>

⚓︎

Within running text, a name can specify all the nyms associated with it:

...<name nymRef="#B1 #M1">Bogomil</name>...

⚓︎

Similarly, within a nym, the attribute parts is used to indicate its constituent parts, where these have been identified as distinct nyms:

<nym xml:id="BM1" parts="#B1 #M1">
 <form>Bogomil</form>
</nym>

⚓︎

The nym element may also combine a number of other nym elements together, where it is intended to show that they are all regarded as variations on the same root. Thus the different forms of the name John, all being derived from the same root, may be represented as a hierarchic structure like this:

<nym xml:id="J45">
 <form xml:lang="la">Iohannes</form>
 <nym xml:id="J450">
  <form xml:lang="en">John</form>
  <nym xml:id="J4501">
   <form>Johnny</form>
  </nym>
  <nym xml:id="J4502">
   <form>Jon</form>
  </nym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="J455">
  <form xml:lang="ru">Ivan</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="J453">
  <form xml:lang="fr">Jean</form>
 </nym>
</nym>

⚓︎

The nym element may be used for components of geographical or organizational names as well. For example:

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd" nymRef="#LAIRG">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName> ... <nym xml:id="LAIRG">
 <form xml:lang="gd">lairig</form>
 <def>sloping hill face</def>
</nym> ...

⚓︎

As noted above, use of these elements implies that both the dictionaries and the namesdates modules are included in a schema.

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TEI: Dates⚓︎14.4. Dates

The following elements for the encoding of dates and times were introduced in section 3.6.4. Dates and Times:

date (date) contains a date in any format.

time (time) contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format.

The current module namesdates provides a mechanism for more detailed encoding of relative dates and times. A relative temporal expression describes a date or time with reference to some other (absolute) temporal expression, and thus may contain an offset element in addition to one or more date or time elements:

offset (offset) marks that part of a relative temporal or spatial expression which indicates the direction of the offset between the two place names, dates, or times involved in the expression.

As members of the att.datable and att.duration classes, which in turn are members of att.datable.w3c and att.duration.w3c respectively, the date and time elements share the following attributes:

att.datable.w3c provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events conforming to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition.

when
supplies the value of the date or time in a standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

att.duration.w3c provides attributes for recording normalized temporal durations.

dur
(duration) indicates the length of this element in time.

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TEI: Relative Dates and Times ⚓︎14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

As noted above, relative dates and times such as ‘in the Two Hundredth and First Year of the Republic’, ‘twenty minutes before noon’, and, more ambiguously, ‘after the lamented death of the Doctor’ or ‘an hour after the game’ have two distinct components. As well as the absolute temporal expression or event to which reference is made (e.g. ‘noon’, ‘the game’, ‘the death of the Doctor’, ‘[the foundation of] the Republic’), they also contain a description of the ‘distance’ between the time or date which is indicated and the referent expression (e.g. ‘the Two Hundredth and First Year’, ‘twenty minutes’, ‘an hour’); and (optionally) an ‘offset’ describing the direction of the distance between the time or date indicated and the referent expression (e.g. ‘of’ implying after, ‘before’, ‘after’).

The ‘distance’ component of a relative temporal expression may be encoded as a temporal element in its own right using either date or time, or with the more generic measure element. A special element, offset, is provided by this module for encoding the ‘offset’ component of a relative temporal expression. The absolute temporal expression contained within the relative expression may be encoded with a date or time element; in turn, those elements may of course be relative, and thus contain date or time elements within themselves. This allows for deeply nested structures such as ‘the third Sunday after the first Monday before Lammastide in the fifth year of the King's second marriage ... ’ but so does natural language.

In the following examples, the when and dur attributes have been used to simplify processing of variant forms of expression:

<date when="1786-12-11">
 <date dur="P14D">A fortnight</date>
 <offset>before</offset>
 <date when="1786-12-25" type="holiday">Christmas 1786</date>
</date>

⚓︎

I reached the station <time when="14:15:00">
 <time dur="PT30M0S">precisely half an hour</time>
 <offset>after</offset>
 <time when="13:45:00" type="occasion">the departure of the afternoon train to Boston</time>
</time>

⚓︎

In the following example, a nested date element is used to show that ‘my birthday’ and the cited date are parts of the same temporal expression, and hence to disambiguate the phrase ‘A week before my birthday on 9th December’:

<date when="--12-02">
 <date>A week</date>
 <offset>before</offset>
 <date when="--12-09">
  <date type="occasion">my birthday</date> on <date>9th December</date>
 </date>
</date>

⚓︎

The alternative reading of this phrase could be encoded as follows:

<date when="--12-09">
 <date>A week</date>
 <offset>before</offset>
 <date type="occasion" when="--12-16">my birthday</date> on <date>9th December</date>
</date>

⚓︎

Where more complex or ambiguous expressions are involved, and where it is desirable to make more explicit the interpretive processes required, the feature structure notation described in chapter 19. Feature Structures may be used. Consider, for example, the following temporal expression which occurs in the Scottish Temperance Review of August 1850, referring to the summer holiday known in Glasgow simply as ‘the Fair’:

Not only is the city, <date ana="#gf50">during the Fair</date>, a horrible
nucleus of immorality and wickedness; it sends our multitudes to pollute and demoralize the country.

⚓︎

For the definition of the ana attribute, see chapter 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms (in particular 18.2. Global Attributes for Simple Analyses). It is used here to link the temporal phrase with an interpretation of it. Like most traditional fairs and market days, the Glasgow Fair was established by local custom and could vary from year to year. Consequently, in order to provide such an interpretation, it is necessary to draw upon additional information which may or may not be located in the particular text in question. In this case, it is necessary at least to know the spatial and temporal context (year and place) of the fair referred to. These and other features required for the analysis of this particular temporal expression may be combined together as one feature structure of type date-analysis:

<fs xml:id="gf50" type="date-analysis">
 <f name="event">
  <string>the Fair</string>
 </f>
 <f name="place">
  <string>Glasgow</string>
 </f>
 <f name="year">
  <numeric value="1850"/>
 </f>
 <f name="from-value">
  <string>1850-08-08</string>
 </f>
 <f name="to-value">
  <string>1850-09-19</string>
 </f>
</fs>

⚓︎

For further discussion of feature structure representation see chapter 19. Feature Structures.

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TEI: Absolute Dates and Times⚓︎14.4.2. Absolute Dates and Times

The following are examples of absolute temporal expressions.

The university's view of American affairs
produced a stinging attack by Edmund Burke in the Commons debate of <date when="1775-10-26">26 October
1775</date>

bibliography ⚓︎

<date when="1993-05-14">Friday, 14 May 1993</date>

bibliography ⚓︎

It may be useful to categorize a temporal expression which is given in terms of a named event, such as a public holiday, or a named time such as ‘tea time’ or ‘matins’:

In
New York, <date type="occasion" when="--01-01">New Year's Day</date> is the quietest of holidays, <date when="--07-04" type="occasion">Independence Day</date> the most turbulent.

⚓︎

Absolute temporal expressions denoting times which are given in terms of seconds, minutes, hours, or of well-defined events (e.g. ‘noon’, ‘sunset’) may similarly be represented using the time element.

The train leaves for Boston at <time type="twentyfourHour" when="13:45:00">13:45</time>

⚓︎

At <time type="occasion">sunset</time> we walked to the beach.

⚓︎

The train leaves for Boston at <time xml:lang="en-US" type="descriptive"
 when="13:45:00-05:00"> a quarter of two </time>

⚓︎

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TEI: More Expressive Normalizations⚓︎14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

The attributes for normalization of dates and times so far described use a standard format defined by XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. This format is widely accepted and has significant software support. It is essentially a profile of ISO 8601 Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and times. The full ISO standard provides formats not available in the W3C recommendation, for example, the capability to refer to a date by its ordinal date or week date, or to refer to a century. It also provides ways of indicating duration and range.

When this module is included in a schema, the following additional attributes are provided:

att.datable.iso provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events using the ISO 8601:2004 standard.

when-iso | supplies the value of a date or time in a standard form.
notBefore-iso | specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
notAfter-iso | specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.
from-iso | indicates the starting point of the period in standard form.
to-iso | indicates the ending point of the period in standard form.

att.duration.iso provides attributes for recording normalized temporal durations.

dur-iso
(duration) indicates the length of this element in time.

These attributes may be used in preference to their W3C equivalent when it is necessary to provide a normalized value in some form not supported by the W3C attributes. For example, a century date in the W3C format must be expressed as a range, using the from attribute together with either the to attribute or the dur (duration) attribute:

<date from="1301" to="1400">fourteenth century</date>
<date from="1301" dur="P100Y">fourteenth century</date>

⚓︎

With the attribute when-iso, however, it is possible to express the same normalized value in any of the following additional ways:

<date when-iso="13">fourteenth
century</date>
<date when-iso="1301/1400">fourteenth century</date>
<date when-iso="1301/P100Y">fourteenth century</date>

⚓︎

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TEI: Using Non-Gregorian Calendars⚓︎14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

All date-related encoding described above makes use of the Gregorian calendar, on which both the ISO and W3C datetime formats are based. However, historical texts often pre-date the invention of the Gregorian calendar in the 16th century, or its adoption in Europe over the following centuries, and many other calendars are used in texts from other cultures and contexts. Non-Gregorian dates can be encoded using methods described below.

First, a Calendar Description element needs to be supplied in the teiHeader as described in 2.4.5. Calendar Description:

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="Julian_England">
  <p>The Julian calendar, as used in England until 1752.</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

⚓︎

The following attributes can now be used to encode dates using this calendar:

att.calendarSystem provides attributes for indicating calendar systems to which a date belongs.

calendar
indicates one or more systems or calendars to which the date represented by the content of this element belongs.

att.datable.custom provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events to a custom dating system (i.e. other than the Gregorian used by W3 and ISO).

when-custom | supplies the value of a date or time in some custom standard form.
notBefore-custom | specifies the earliest possible date for the event in some custom standard form.
notAfter-custom | specifies the latest possible date for the event in some custom standard form.
from-custom | indicates the starting point of the period in some custom standard form.
to-custom | indicates the ending point of the period in some custom standard form.
datingMethod | supplies a pointer to a calendar element or other means of interpreting the values of the custom dating attributes.

<p>The Poole by S. <hi>Giles</hi> Churchyarde was a large water in the yeare <date calendar="#Julian_England">1244</date>.</p>

⚓︎

Here, the calendar attribute points to the calendar element in the header which defines and describes the calendar used.

The calendar attribute is used to specify the calendar used in the text content of the dating element which bears it. For reasons of consistency and computability, it is often useful to complement the content of an element with attributes such as when, notBefore, notAfter, etc. For dates expressed in a non-Gregorian calendar, such normalizations may also be expressed in terms of the non-Gregorian calendar specified by the datingMethod attribute. The attributes when-custom, notBefore-custom, from-custom, etc. are provided for this purpose; the datingMethod attribute is used to identify the calendar used in the value of these attributes:

<head> The Tryumphs of Peace.<lb/> That Celebrated the Solemnity of the right Honorable Sr Francis Iones Knight, at
his Inauguration into the Maioraltie of London, on Monday being the <date when-custom="1620-10-30"
  datingMethod="#Julian_England" calendar="#Julian_England"> 30. of October, 1620. </date>
</head>

⚓︎

Here, the calendar attribute specifies the calendar used in the text content of the date element, as before, whereas the datingMethod attribute signifies that the calendar used in the when-custom attribute is also Julian. The schema could be customized in order to constrain the content of custom attributes in a manner similar to the constraints provided on regular Gregorian dating attributes such as when, to enforce consistency in the use of non-Gregorian dates.

Custom dating attributes can be combined with any of the standard dating attributes in order to provide a standardized Gregorian version of a non-Gregorian date. We might enhance the preceding example with the addition of when, providing the Gregorian calendar equivalent of the Julian date:

<date when-custom="1620-10-30"
 when="1620-11-09" datingMethod="#Julian_England"
 calendar="#Julian_England"> 30. of
October, 1620. </date>

⚓︎

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TEI: Module for Names and Dates⚓︎14.5. Module for Names and Dates

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module namesdates: Names and dates

Elements defined: addName affiliation age birth bloc climate country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geo geogFeat geogName langKnowledge langKnown listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink nationality nym object objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona place placeName population region relation residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus state surname terrain trait

Classes defined: att.datable.custom att.datable.iso model.persNamePart

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

51

In the module described by chapter 23. Documentation Elements a similar method is used to link element descriptions to the modules or classes to which they belong, for example.

52

Strictly, a suitable value such as figurative should be added to the two place names which are presented periphrastically in the second version of this example. This would preserve the distinction indicated by the choice of rs rather than name to encode them in the first version of this example.

53

For example, see Renato G. Mazzolini's historical survey of European empires and their unstable constructions of race.Mazzolini (2018)

54

Following Gayle Rubin’s influential theory,

‘Every society also has a sex/gender system—a set of arrangements by which the biological raw material of human sex and procreation is shaped by human, social intervention and satisfied in a conventional manner, no matter how bizarre some of the conventions may be.’Rubin (1975)

.

55

See http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/index.html. The most recent revision of this standard is known as the Earth Gravity Model 1996.

56

The OGC is an international voluntary consensus standards organization whose members maintain the Geography Markup Language standard. The OGC coordinates with the ISO TC 211 standards organization to maintain consistency between OGC and ISO standards work. GML is also an ISO standard (ISO 19136:2007).

57

See https://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

Table of contents

15.1. Tables

15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

15.5. Overview of Basic Graphics Concepts

15.6. Graphic Image Formats

15.7. Module for Tables, Formulæ, Notated Music, and Graphics

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Many documents, both historical and contemporary, include not only text, but also graphics, artwork, and other images. Although some types of images can be represented directly with markup, it is more common practice to include such information by using a reference to an external entity (typically a URL) encoded in a suitable graphical notation.

In addition to graphic images, documents often contain material presented in graphical or tabular format. In such materials, details of layout and presentation may also be of comparatively greater significance or complexity than they are for running text. Indeed, it may often be difficult to make a clear distinction between details relating purely to the rendition of information and those relating to the information itself.

Documents may also contain mathematical formulæ or expressions in other formulaic notations, for which no notation is defined in these Guidelines.

Finally, documents may contain musical notation, embedded in a manner similar to tables, graphs, and formulæ.

These areas (graphics, tabular material, and mathematical or other formulæ, and music) have in common that they have received considerable attention from many other standards bodies or similar professional groups. In part because of this, they may frequently be most conveniently encoded and processed using some notation not defined by these Guidelines. For these reasons, and others, we consider tables, formulæ, graphics, and notated music together in this chapter.

As with text markup in general, many incompatible formats have been proposed for the representation of graphics, formulæ, and tables in electronic form. Unfortunately, no single format as effective as XML in the domain of text has yet emerged for their interchange, to some extent because of the difficulty of representing the information these data formats convey independently of the way it is rendered.

The module defined by this chapter defines special purpose ‘container’ elements that can be used to encapsulate occurrences of such data within a TEI-conformant document in a portable way. Specific recommendations for the encoding of tables are provided in section 15.1. Tables, recommendations for mathematical or other formulæ in section 15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions, and for the encoding of musical notation in section 15.3. Notated Music in Written Text. Specific recommendations for the encoding of graphic figures may be found in section 15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images. The rest of the chapter is devoted to general problems of encoding graphic information.

There is at the time of writing no consensus on formats for graphical images, and such formats vary in many ways. We therefore provide (in section 15.5. Overview of Basic Graphics Concepts) a brief discussion of the ways in which images may be represented, and (in section 15.6. Graphic Image Formats) a list of formal names for those representations most popular at this time. Each one includes a very brief description. These Guidelines recommend a few particular representations as being the most widely supported and understood.

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TEI: Tables⚓︎15.1. Tables

A table is the least ‘graphic’ of the elements discussed in this chapter. Almost any text structure can be presented as a series of rows and columns: one might, for example, choose to show a glossary or other form of list in tabular form, without necessarily regarding it as a table. In such cases, the global rend attribute is an appropriate way of indicating that some element is being presented in tabular format; similarly, the global style attribute coud be used to provide an appropriate display property in CSS. When tabular presentation is regarded as of less intrinsic importance, it is correspondingly simpler to encode descriptive or functional information about the contents of the table, for example to identify one cell as containing a name and another as containing a date, though the two methods may be combined.

When, however, particular elements are required to encode the tabular arrangement itself, then one or other of the various ‘table schemas’ now available may be preferable. The schemas in common use generally view a table as a special text element, made up of row elements, themselves composed of cells. Table cells generally appear in row-major order, with the first row from left to right, then the second row, and so on. Details of appearance such as column widths, border lines, and alignment are generally encoded by numerous attributes. Beyond this, however, such schemas differ greatly. This section begins by describing a table schema of this kind; a brief summary of some other widely available table schemas is also provided in section 15.1.2. Other Table Schemas.

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TEI: TEI Tables⚓︎15.1.1. TEI Tables

For encoding tables of low to moderate complexity, these Guidelines provide the following special purpose elements:

table (table) contains text displayed in tabular form, in rows and columns.

rows | (rows) indicates the number of rows in the table.
cols | (columns) indicates the number of columns in each row of the table.

row (row) contains one row of a table.

cell (cell) contains one cell of a table.

The table element is defined as a member of the class model.inter; it may therefore appear both within other components (such as paragraphs), or between them, provided that the module defined in this chapter has been enabled, as described at the beginning of this chapter.

It is to a large extent arbitrary whether a table should be regarded as a series of rows or as a series of columns. For compatibility with currently available systems, however, these Guidelines require a row-by-row description of a table. It is also possible to describe a table simply as a series of cells; this may be useful for tabular material which is not presented as a simple matrix.

The attributes rows and cols may be used to indicate the size of a table, or to indicate that a particular cell or row of a table spans more than one row or column. For both tables and cells, rows and columns are always given in top-to-bottom, left-to-right order, although formatting properties such as those provided by CSS may be used to specify that they should be displayed differently. These Guidelines do not require that the size of a table be specified; for most formatting and many other applications, it will be necessary to process the whole table in two passes in any case.

Where cells span more than one column or row, the encoder must determine whether this is a purely presentational effect (in which case the rend attribute may be more appropriate), whether the part of the table affected would be better treated as a nested table, or whether to use the spanning attributes listed above.

The role attribute may be used to categorize a single cell, or set a default for all the cells in a given row. The present Guidelines distinguish the roles of label and data only, but the encoder may define other roles, such as ‘derived’, ‘numeric’, etc., as appropriate.

These three attributes are provided by the attribute class att.tableDecoration of which both cell and row are members; see further 1.3.1. Attribute Classes.

The following simple example demonstrates how the data presented as a labelled list in section 3.8. Lists might be represented by an encoder wishing to preserve its original appearance as a table:

<table rend="boxed" rows="2" cols="2">
 <head rend="it">Report of the conduct and progress of Ernest
   Pontifex. Upper Vth form — half term ending Midsummer 1851</head>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Classics</cell>
  <cell>Idle listless and unimproving</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Mathematics</cell>
  <cell>ditto</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Divinity</cell>
  <cell>ditto</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Conduct in house</cell>
  <cell>Orderly</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">General conduct</cell>
  <cell>Not satisfactory, on account of his great unpunctuality and
     inattention to duties</cell>
 </row>
</table>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that this encoding makes no attempt to represent the full significance of the ‘ditto’ cells above; these might be regarded as simple links between the cells containing them and that to which they refer, or as virtual copies of it. For ways of representing either interpretation, see chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.

The following example demonstrates how a simple statistical table may be represented using this scheme:

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Poor Man's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell/>
  <cell>Dossing Cribs or Lodging Houses</cell>
  <cell>Beds</cell>
  <cell>Needys or Nightly Lodgers</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Bury St Edmund's</cell>
  <cell>5</cell>
  <cell>8</cell>
  <cell>128</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Thetford</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>6</cell>
  <cell>36</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Attleboro'</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>5</cell>
  <cell>20</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Wymondham</cell>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>11</cell>
  <cell>22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

⚓︎

Note the use of a blank cell in the first row to ensure that the column labels are correctly aligned with the data. Again, this encoding does not explicitly represent the alignment between column and row labels and the data to which they apply. Where the primary emphasis of an encoding is on the semantic content of a table, a more explicit mechanism for the representation of structured information such as that provided by the feature structure mechanism described in chapter 19. Feature Structures may be preferred. Alternatively, the general purpose linkage and alignment mechanisms described in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment may also be applied to individual cells of a table.

The content of a table cell need not be simply character data. It may also contain any sequence of the phrase-level elements described in chapter 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents, thus allowing for the encoding of potentially more useful semantic information, as in the following example, where the fact that one cell contains a number and the other contains a place name has been explicitly recorded:

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Wyoming</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>453,588</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Alaska</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>550,043</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Montana</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>799,065</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Rhode Island</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1,003,464</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

⚓︎

The use of semantically marked elements within a cell enables the encoder to convey something about the nature and significance of the information, rather than merely suggesting how to display it in rows and columns.

Alternatively, the role attribute might be used to convey such information:

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Wyoming </cell>
  <cell role="pop">453,588 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Alaska </cell>
  <cell role="pop">550,043 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Montana </cell>
  <cell role="pop">799,065 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Rhode Island</cell>
  <cell role="pop">1,003,464</cell>
 </row>
</table>

⚓︎

The content of table elements is not limited to head and row. Milestone elements such as cb and lb allow new columns or lines to be signalled inside tables; figure provides an option for including data which is not amenable to normal row and cell analysis; and other elements such as epigraph and trailer provide options for including text which is clearly part of the table, but outside the actual tabular layout. This example shows the use of trailer:

<table>
 <head>The Table of Battallions, reduced out of the grand square of
   men.</head>
 <row>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>2</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>4</cell>
 </row>
<!-- ... -->
 <row>
  <cell>841</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>289 289 256</cell>
  <cell>7</cell>
 </row>
 <trailer>The end of the Table of Battallions reduced out of the
   battels of g. and squares of men: vpon the right side of euery
   leafe.</trailer>
</table>

⚓︎

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TEI: Other Table Schemas⚓︎15.1.2. Other Table Schemas

Many authoring systems include built-in support for their own or for public table schemas. These provide an enhanced user interface and good formatting capabilities, but are often product-specific, despite their use of a XML markup language.

The DTD developed by the Association of American Publishers (AAP) and standardized in ANSI Z39.59 provided a very simple encoding for correspondingly simple tables. This has been further developed, together with the table DTD documented in ISO Technical Report 9537, and now forms part of ISO 12083. The TEI table model described above has functionality very similar to that defined by ISO 12083.

For more complex tables, the most effective publicly-available DTD is probably that developed by the US Department of Defense CALS project. This supports vertical and horizontal spanning and various kinds of text rotation and justification within cells and is also directly supported by a number of existing XML software systems.

The CALS table model is much too complex to describe fully here; for historical background see http://archive.is/gGzsZ; for more recent simplifications of it and current implementations see https://www.oasis-open.org/specs/tablemodels.php. As with any other XML vocabulary, the XML version of the CALS model may readily be included in a TEI schema, using the techniques described in 24.3. Customization.

The XHTML table model (XHTML™ 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition) (2000)) is based on the HTML table model (Ragget et al. (eds.) (1999)). Both models support arrangement of arbitrary data into rows and columns of cells. Table rows and columns may be grouped to convey additional structural information and may be rendered by user agents in ways that emphasize this structure. Support for incremental rendering of tables and for rendering on ‘non-visual’ user agents is also available. Special elements and attributes are provided to associate metadata with tables. They indicate the table's purpose, or are for the benefit of people using speech or Braille-based user agents. Tables are not recommended for use purely as a means to lay out document content, as this leads to many accessibility problems (see further https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10-HTML-TECHS/#tables). Stylesheets provide a far more effective means of controlling layout and other visual characteristics in both HTML and XML documents.

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TEI: Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions⚓︎15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions

Mathematical and chemical formulæ pose problems similar to those posed by tables in that rendition may be of great significance and hard to disentangle from content. They also require access to a wide range of special characters, for most of which standard entity names already exist in the documented ISO entity sets (see further chapters vi. Languages and Character Sets and 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes).

Formulæ and tables are also similar in that well-researched and detailed DTD fragments have already been developed for them independently of the TEI. They differ in that (for mathematics at least) there also exists a richly detailed text-based but non-XML notation which is very widely used: this is the TeX system, and the sets of descriptive macros developed for it such as LaTeX, AMS-TeX, and AMS-LaTeX.

The AAP and ISO standards mentioned in section 15.1. Tables above both provide DTDs for equations as well as for tables, which now form part of ISO 12083. The European Mathematical Trust, an organization set up specifically to enhance research support for European mathematicians, has also defined a general purpose mathematical DTD known as EuroMath (http://xml.coverpages.org/emt-ukc-index.html), for which it provides both software and services.

Most if not all of the functionality provided by these DTDs can now be found in the OpenMath and MathML XML-based systems briefly described below.

As with tables, in all the XML solutions a tension exists between the need to encode the way a formula is written (its appearance) and the need to represent its semantics. If the object of the encoding is purely to act as an interchange format among different formatting programs, then there is no need to represent the mathematical meaning of an expression. If however the object is to use the encoding as input to an algebraic manipulation system (such as Mathematica or Maple) or a database system, clearly simply representing superscripts and subscripts will be inadequate.

The formula element provided by these Guidelines makes no attempt to represent the internal structure of formulæ.

formula (formula) contains a mathematical or other formula.

By default, a formula is assumed to contain character data which is not validated in any way. The notation used may however be named, using the notation attribute provided by the att.notated class.

<formula notation="TeX">$e=mc^2$</formula>

⚓︎

The character data must still be well-formed, of course, which means that < and & must be escaped with entity references or numeric character references, e.g.

<formula notation="TeX">$\matrix{0 &amp;amp;
1\cr&amp;lt;0&amp;amp;>1}$</formula>

⚓︎

Alternatively, if more detailed markup is desired, the content of the formula element may be redefined to include elements defined by some other XML vocabulary, such as that of ISO 12083, or to use elements from the OpenMath or MathML schemas.

When the content of a formula element is not expressed in XML the notation used should always be specified using the notation attribute as above, and in the following longer example:

<p>Achilles runs ten times faster than the tortoise and gives the
animal a headstart of ten meters. Achilles runs those ten meters, the
tortoise one; Achilles runs that meter, the tortoise runs a decimeter;
Achilles runs that decimeter, the tortoise runs a centimeter; Achilles
runs that centimeter, the tortoise, a millimeter; Fleet-footed
Achilles, the millimeter, the tortoise, a tenth of a millimeter, and
so on to infinity, without the tortoise ever being overtaken. . . Such
is the customary version.
<!-- ... --> The problem does not change, as
you can see; but I would like to know the name of the poet who
provided it with a hero and a tortoise. To those magical competitors
and to the series <formula notation="TeX">$$ {1 \over 10} + {1 \over
   100} + {1 \over 1000} + {1 \over 10,\!000} + \dots $$</formula> the
argument owes its fame.</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

The notation attribute supplies the name of a notation (‘TeX’), which is expected to be identified somewhere in document metadata.

Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) (Carlisle et al. (eds.) (2003)) is a vocabulary for describing mathematical notation, capturing both its structure and content. It provides two types of markup: Presentation Markup, which captures the notational structure of an expression and could be seen as the ‘TeX for the Web’ and Content Markup, which captures the mathematical structure of an expression. Most of its content elements correspond with the range of operators, relations, and named functions typically found at the high-school level of mathematics. The tortoise example given above in TeX can be re-expressed in MathML as

<m:math>
 <m:mfrac>
  <m:mrow>
   <m:mn>1</m:mn>
  </m:mrow>
  <m:mrow>
   <m:mn>10</m:mn>
  </m:mrow>
 </m:mfrac>
 <m:mo>+</m:mo>
 <m:mfrac>
  <m:mrow>
   <m:mn>1</m:mn>
  </m:mrow>
  <m:mrow>
   <m:mn>100</m:mn>
  </m:mrow>
 </m:mfrac>
 <m:mo>+</m:mo>
 <m:mfrac>
  <m:mrow>
   <m:mn>1</m:mn>
  </m:mrow>
  <m:mrow>
   <m:mn>1000</m:mn>
  </m:mrow>
 </m:mfrac>
 <m:mo>+</m:mo>
 <m:mfrac>
  <m:mrow>
   <m:mn>1</m:mn>
  </m:mrow>
  <m:mrow>
   <m:mn>10000</m:mn>
  </m:mrow>
 </m:mfrac>
 <m:mo>+</m:mo>
 <m:mo>…</m:mo>
</m:math>

⚓︎

MathML 2.0 provides support for a ‘Semantic Math-Web’, XML namespaces, and other current XML standards, such as XML DOM, OMG IDL, ECMAScript, and Java. It also provides a modularized version of the MathML DTD so that MathML fragments ‘embedded’ in XHTML 1.1 documents can be correctly validated.

The OpenMath (https://openmath.org/standard/) project is coordinated by the OpenMath Society (https://openmath.org/) and funded by the European Commission under the Esprit Multimedia Standards Initiative that commenced in September 1997. It is likely to become a key standard for communicating semantically rich representations of mathematical objects both on and off the Web in a platform-independent manner.

The OpenMath Standard (https://openmath.org/standard/om20-2004-06-30/) consists of specifications for

OpenMath objects, representing the structure of formulæ (https://openmath.org/standard/om20-2004-06-30/omstd20html-2.xml#cha_obj);

Content Dictionaries, providing semantic context (https://openmath.org/standard/om20-2004-06-30/omstd20html-4.xml#cha_cd);

Encodings, both binary (https://openmath.org/standard/om20-2004-06-30/omstd20html-3.xml#sec_binary) and XML (https://openmath.org/standard/om20-2004-06-30/omstd20html-3.xml#sec_xml).

OpenMath and MathML have certain common aspects. They both use prefix operators, both are XML-based and they both construct their objects by applying certain rules recursively. Such similarities facilitate mapping between the two standards. There are also some key differences between MathML and OpenMath. OpenMath does not provide support for presentation of mathematical objects and its scope of semantically-oriented elements is much broader that of MathML, with the expressive power to cover virtually all areas of computational mathematics. In fact, a particular set of Content Dictionaries, the ‘MathML CD Group’, covers the same areas of mathematics as the Content Markup elements of MathML 2.0.

Finally, OMDoc (http://omdoc.org/) is an extension of the OpenMath standard that supplies markup for structures such as axioms, theorems, proofs, definitions, texts (mixing formal content with mathematical text).

In-line versus block placement for an equation can be distinguished if desired, via the global rend attribute. The global n and xml:id attributes may also be used to label or identify the formula, as in the following example:

<p>The volume of a sphere
is given by the formula: <formula xml:id="f12" n="12" rend="inline">
  <m:math>
   <m:mi>V</m:mi>
   <m:mo>=</m:mo>
   <m:mfrac>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>4</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>3</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
   </m:mfrac>
   <m:mi>π</m:mi>
   <m:msup>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mi>r</m:mi>
    </m:mrow>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>3</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
   </m:msup>
  </m:math>
 </formula> which is readily calculated.</p>
<p>As we have seen in equation <ptr target="#f12"/>, ... </p>

⚓︎

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TEI: Notated Music in Written Text⚓︎15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

Music, like many other art forms, is often mentioned, discussed and described in writings of various kinds. This applies to both historical and contemporary documents, even though methods of notating music have changed considerably in western history. In most cases, music notation enters the text flow in a way similar to figures, images, or graphs. On other occasions, elements of music notation are treated as inline characters in running text.

notatedMusic provides a way to signal the presence of music notation in text, but defer to other representations, which are not covered by the TEI guidelines, to describe the music notation itself. In fact several commercial, academic, and standard bodies have developed digital representations of music notation. Given the topic's complexity, these representations often focus on different aspects and adopt different methodologies. Therefore, notatedMusic only defines a container element to encode the occurrence of music notation and allows linking to the data format preferred by the encoder. (Note: notatedMusic is not the same as musicNotation, a metadata element, which is used to describe musical notation that appears in a manuscript. See 11. Manuscript Description.)

The following elements can be used for encoding music notation in text:

notatedMusic encodes the presence of music notation in a text.

ptr (pointer) defines a pointer to another location.

desc (description) contains a short description of the purpose, function, or use of its parent element, or when the parent is a documentation element, describes or defines the object being documented.

graphic (graphic) indicates the location of a graphic or illustration, either forming part of a text, or providing an image of it.

binaryObject provides encoded binary data representing an inline graphic, audio, video or other object.

notatedMusic groups elements representing or containing music notation.

ptr can be used to indicate the location of a representation of the music notation.

mimeType supplies the MIME type of the data format, when available.

desc can be used to give a prose description of the notated music.

graphic can be used to indicate the location of a graphical representation of the music notation.

binaryObject provides encoded binary data which constitutes another representation of the music notation (e.g. audio).

The notatedMusic element may contain a textual description and pointers to various representations of the music notation in different media. An external representation of the notated music is specified using the ptr element, whose target attribute provides its electronically-accessible location. The attribute mimeType supplies the MIME type of the data format when available. For example:

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
</notatedMusic>

bibliography ⚓︎

A textual description of the notation can be provided within the desc element; alternatively, a label may be supplied. For example:

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

⚓︎

It is possible to link to any kind of music notation data format. However, when a MIME type is not available, it is recommended that the format be specified in the description. See the following examples.

MIME type available:

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"
  mimeType="application/vnd.recordare.musicxml"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. Encoded in
   MusicXML.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

⚓︎

MIME type not available:

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.ly"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. Encoded in
   Lilypond.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

⚓︎

Application format:

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.mscz"
  mimeType="application/x-musescore"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. MuseScore Notation
   Software format.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

⚓︎

It is possible to specify the location of digital objects representing the notated music in other media such as images or audio-visual files. The interpretation of the correspondence between the notated music and these digital objects is not encoded explicitly. We recommend the use of graphic and binaryObject mainly as a fallback mechanism when the notated music format is not displayable by the application using the encoding. The alignment of encoded notated music, images carrying the notation, and audio files is a complex matter for which we refer the reader to other formats and specifications such as MPEG-SMR.

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

⚓︎

It is also recommended, when useful, to embed XML-based music notation formats, such as the Music Encoding Initiative format as content of notatedMusic. This must be done by means of customization.

In modern printing, music notation positioned between blocks of text for illustrative purposes is usually referred to as a ‘figure’ or ‘example’. In this cases, we recommend the inclusion of notatedMusic in figure in order to encode possible captions and headers. For example:

<div n="67">
 <p> We now give some examples, from the works of the great masters, of
   some of the most frequently used bowings. </p>
 <figure n="Ex. 3">
  <head>SCHUBERT: Symphony in B minor.</head>
  <notatedMusic>
   <ptr target="example_schubert.xml"/>
  </notatedMusic>
 </figure>
</div>

⚓︎

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TEI: Specific Elements for Graphic Images⚓︎15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

The following special purpose elements are used to indicate the presence of graphic images within a document:

figure (figure) groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration, formula, or figure.

graphic (graphic) indicates the location of a graphic or illustration, either forming part of a text, or providing an image of it.

binaryObject provides encoded binary data representing an inline graphic, audio, video or other object.

figDesc (description of figure) contains a brief prose description of the appearance or content of a graphic figure, for use when documenting an image without displaying it.

The graphic and binaryObject elements form part of the common core module, and are discussed in section 3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components.

The figure element is used to contain images, captions, and textual descriptions of the pictures. The images themselves are specified using the graphic element, whose url attribute provides the location of an image. For example:

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.pdf"/>
</figure>

bibliography ⚓︎

Three kinds of content may be supplied inside a figure element: the element head may be used to transcribe (or supply) a descriptive heading or title for the graphic itself as in this example:

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.pdf"/>
 <head>The View from the Bridge</head>
</figure>

⚓︎

Figures are often accompanied not only by a title or heading (a caption), but by a paragraph or so of commentary (a legend) following the caption. One or more p or ab elements may be used to transcribe any commentary on the figure in the source:

<figure>
 <graphic url="pullman.png"/>
 <head>Above:</head>
 <p>The drawing room of the Pullman house, the white and gold saloon
   where the magnate delighted in giving receptions for several hundred
   people.</p>
 <figDesc>The figure shows an elaborately decorated room, at least
   twenty-five feet side to side and fifty feet long, with ornate
   mouldings and Corinthian columns on the walls, overstuffed armchairs
   and loveseats arranged in several conversational groupings, and two
   large chandeliers.</figDesc>
</figure>

bibliography ⚓︎

Here, the figure contains a heading ‘Above’ which is complemented by a paragraph of description ‘The drawing room ... several hundred people’. Both of these are transcribed from the source, while the description is provided by the encoder, for use by applications which cannot display the graphic directly. In documents created in electronic form with the needs of print-handicapped readers in mind, the figDesc element may be provided by the author rather than a subsequent encoder.

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.jpg"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in
   the foreground, and a series of buoys strung out between
   them.</figDesc>
</figure>

⚓︎

Where the graphic itself contains large amounts of text, perhaps with a complex structure, and perhaps difficult to distinguish from the graphic, the encoder should choose whether to regard the graphic as containing the text (in which case, a nested floatingText element may be included within the figure element) or to regard the enclosed text as being a separate division of the text element in which the graphic appears. In this latter case, an appropriate div or div1 (etc.) element may be used for the text represented within the graphic, and the figure element embedded within it. The choice will depend to a large degree on the encoder's understanding of the relationship between the graphic and the surrounding text.

A figure which is internally divided, or contains sub-figures, may be encoded with nested figure elements, as in the following example.

<figure n="6.45">
 <figure n="a">
  <graphic url="./figs/6.45a.png"/>
  <ab type="caption">Parallel</ab>
 </figure>
 <figure n="b">
  <graphic url="./figs/6.45b.png"/>
  <ab type="caption">Perspective</ab>
 </figure>
 <ab type="caption">The two canonical view volumes, for the (a)
   parallel and (b) perspective projections. Note that -z is to the
   right.</ab>
</figure>

bibliography ⚓︎

Like any other element in the TEI scheme, figures may be given identifiers so that they can be aligned with other elements, and linked to or from them, as described in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. Some common examples are discussed briefly here; full information is provided in that chapter.

It is often desirable to maintain two versions of an image in an electronic file: one a low resolution or ‘thumbnail’ version which, when selected by the user, causes the other, high resolution, version to be accessed. In TEI terms, the thumbnail image acts as a reference to the other. Supposing that a thumbnail version of the figure discussed above is available as fig1th.png, we might embed a reference to the image using the simple ref element discussed in section 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References:

<ref target="#IM1">Click
here <graphic url="fig1th.png"/> for enlightenment </ref>
<figure xml:id="IM1">
 <graphic url="fig1.jpg"/>
</figure>

⚓︎

Another common requirement is to associate part or the whole of an image with a textual element not necessarily contiguous to it in the text; this is sometimes known as a callout. When the module for transcription is included in a schema, specific attributes for parts of a text and parts (or all) of a digital image are available; these are discussed in 12.1. Digital Facsimiles. In addition, chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment may be consulted for other mechanisms available for this purpose.

The following example assumes that we wish to associate one portion of the image held as ‘fig1’ with chapter two of some text, and another portion of it with chapter three. The application may be thought of as a hypertext browser in which the user selects from a graphic image which part of a text to read next, but the mechanism is independent of this particular application.

The first requirement is some way of identifying and hence pointing to sub-parts of a graphic image. This may be done by pointing into an XML graphic representation, for example an SVG file. Thus

<ptr xml:id="PD1" target="Fig1.svg#object1"/>
<ptr xml:id="PD2" target="Fig1.svg#object2"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

These ptr elements identify two areas within the image ‘Fig1’ by pointing at elements inside the XML file Fig1.svg, which contains the following.

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8cm" height="3cm"
 viewBox="2 1 8 3">
 <g id="object1">
  <ellipse style="fill: #ffffff" cx="3.875"
   cy="3.025" rx="1.175" ry="1.175"/>
 </g>
 <g id="object2">
  <rect style="fill: #a81616" x="7.8"
   y="1.9" width="2.17581" height="2.24833"/>
 </g>
</svg>

bibliography ⚓︎

The next requirement is some way of identifying the parts of the document to which a link is to be made. The most obvious way of doing this is to use the global xml:id attribute:

<div1 type="chapter" xml:id="CHAP1">
<!-- ... -->
</div1>
<div1 type="chapter" xml:id="CHAP2">
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

bibliography ⚓︎

Now, all that is needed to linking these areas to the relevant chapters is a linkGrp element, as described in section 17.1. Links:

<linkGrp type="callout">
 <link target="#CHAP1 #PD1"/>
 <link target="#CHAP2 #PD2"/>
</linkGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this example, the SVG representation of the graphic is stored externally to the TEI document and linked by means of a pointer. It is also possible to embed the SVG representation directly within the TEI by extending the content model of the figure element to permit an element <svg> from the SVG namespace. Like other customizations of the TEI scheme, this is carried out using the techniques documented in section 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema; further examples are provided in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.

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TEI: Overview of Basic Graphics Concepts⚓︎15.5. Overview of Basic Graphics Concepts

The first major distinction in graphic representation is that between raster graphics and vector graphics. A raster image is a list of points, or dots. Scanners, fax machines, and other simple devices easily produce digital raster images, and such images are therefore quite common. A vector image, in contrast, is a list of geometrical objects, such as lines, circles, arcs, or even cubes. These are much more difficult to produce, and so are mainly encountered as the output of sophisticated systems such as architectural and engineering CAD programs.

Raster images are difficult to modify because by definition they only encode single points: a line, for example, cannot grow or shrink as such, since it is not identified as such. Only its component parts are identified, and only they can be manipulated. Therefore the resolution or dot-size of a raster image is important, which is not the case with vector images. It is also far more difficult to convert raster images to vector images than to perform the opposite conversion. Raster images generally require more storage space than vector images, and a wide variety of methods exists for compressing them; the variation in these methods leads to corresponding variations in representations for storage and transmission of raster images.

Motion video usually consists of a long series of raster images. Data compression is even more effective on video than on single raster images (mainly owing to redundancy which arises from the usual similarity of adjacent frames). Notations for representing full-motion video are hotly debated at this time, and any user of these Guidelines would do well to obtain up-to-date expert advice before undertaking a project using them.

The compression methods used with any of these image types may be ‘lossy’ or ‘lossless’. Methods for lossy compression save space by discarding a small portion of the image's detail, such as fine distinctions of shading. When decompressed, therefore, such an image will be only a close approximation of the original. In contrast, lossless compression guarantees that the exact uncompressed image will be reproducible from the compressed form: only truly redundant information is removed. In general, therefore, lossless compression does not save quite so much space as lossy compression, though it does guarantee fidelity to the original uncompressed image.

Raster images may be characterized by their resolution, which is the number of dots per inch used to represent the image. Doubling the resolution will give a more precise image, but also quadruple the storage requirement (before compression), and affect processing time for any operations to be performed, such as displaying an image for a reader. Motion video also has resolution in time: the number of frames to be shown per second. Encoders should consider carefully what resolution(s) and frame rate(s) to use for particular applications; these Guidelines express no recommendation in this matter, save the universal ones of consistency and documentation.

Within any image, it is typical to refer to locations via Cartesian coordinate axes: values for x, y, and sometimes z and/or time. However, graphic notations vary in whether coordinates count from left-to-right and top-to-bottom, or another way. They also vary in whether coordinates are considered real (inches, millimeters, and so on), or virtual (dots). These Guidelines do not recommend any of these methods over another, but all decisions made should be applied consistently, and documented in the encodingDesc section of the TEI header.⁵⁸

Methods of aligning images and text are discussed in 12.1. Digital Facsimiles.

The chromatic values of an image may be rendered in many different ways. In monochrome images every displayed point is either black or white. In grayscale images, each point is rendered in some shade of gray, the number of shades varying from system to system. In true polychrome images, points are rendered in different hues, again with varying limitations affecting the number of distinct shades and the means by which they are displayed.

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TEI: Graphic Image Formats⚓︎15.6. Graphic Image Formats

As noted above, there exists a wide variety of different graphics formats, and the following list is in no way exhaustive. Moreover, inclusion of any format in this list should not be taken as indicating endorsement by the TEI of this format or any products associated with it. Some of the formats listed here are proprietary to a greater or lesser extent and cannot therefore be regarded as standards in any meaningful sense. They are however widely used by many different vendors.

The following formats are widely used at the present time, and likely to remain supported by more than one vendor's software:

BMP: Microsoft bitmap format

CGM: Computer Graphics Metafile

GIF: Graphics Interchange Format

JPEG: Joint Photographic Expert Group

PBM: Portable Bit Map

PCX: IBM PC raster format

PICT: Macintosh drawing format

PNG: Portable Network Graphics format

Photo-CD: Kodak Photo Compact Disk format

QuickTime: Apple real-time image system

SMIL: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language format

SVG: Scalable Vector Graphics format

TIFF: Tagged Image File Format

Brief descriptions of all the above are given below. Where possible, current addresses or other contact information are shown for the originator of each format. Many formal standards, especially those promulgated by ISO and many related national organizations (ANSI, DIN, BSI, and many more), are available from those national organizations. Addresses may be found in any standard organizational directory for the country in question.

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TEI: Vector Graphic Formats⚓︎15.6.1. Vector Graphic Formats

CGM: Computer Graphics Metafile

This vector graphics format is specified by an ISO standard, ISO 8632:1987, amended in 1990. It defines binary, character, and plain-text encodings; the non-binary forms are safer for blind interchange, especially over networks. Documentation on CGM is available from ISO and from its member national bodies such as AFNOR, ANSI, BSI, DIN, JIS, etc.

SVG: Scalable Vector Graphics format

SVG is a language for describing two-dimensional vector and mixed vector or raster graphics in XML. It is defined by the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.0 Specification, W3C Recommendation, 04 September 2001, and is available at https://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/.

PICT: Macintosh drawing format

This format is universally supported on Macintosh™ systems, and readable by a limited range of software for other systems. Documentation is available from Apple Computer Company, Cupertino, California USA.

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TEI: Raster Graphic Formats⚓︎15.6.2. Raster Graphic Formats

PNG: Portable Network Graphics format

PNG is a non-proprietary raster format currently widely available. It provides an extensible file format for the lossless, portable, well-compressed storage of raster images. Indexed-color, grayscale, and truecolor images are supported, plus an optional alpha channel. Sample depths range from 1 to 16 bits. It is defined by IETF RFC 2083, March 1997.

TIFF: Tagged Image File Format

Currently the most widely supported raster image format, especially for black and white images, TIFF is also one of the few formats commonly supported on more than one operating system. The drawback to TIFF is that it actually is a wrapper for several formats, and some TIFF-supporting software does not support all variants. TIFF files may use LZW, CCITT Group 4, or PackBits compression methods, or may use no compression at all. Also, TIFF files may be monochrome, grayscale, or polychromatic. All such options should be specified in prose at the end of the encodingDesc section of the TEI header for any document including TIFF images. TIFF is owned by Aldus Corporation. Documentation on TIFF is available from them at Craigcook Castle, Craigcook Road, Edinburgh EH4 3UH, Scotland, or 411 First Avenue South, Seattle, Washington 98104 USA.

GIF: Graphics Interchange Format

Raster images are widely available in this form, which was created by CompuServe Information Services, but has by now been implemented for many other systems as well. Documentation on GIF is copyright by, and is available from, CompuServe Incorporated, Graphics Technology Department, 5000 Arlington Center Boulevard, Columbus, Ohio 43220 USA.

PBM: Portable Bit Map

PBM files are easy to process, eschewing all compression in favor of transparency of file format. PBM files can, of course, be compressed by generic file-compression tools for storage and transfer. Public domain software exists which will convert many other formats to and from PBM. Documentation on PBM is copyright by Jeff Poskanzer, and is available widely on the Internet.

PCX: IBM PC raster format

This format is used by most IBM PC paint programs, and supports both monochrome and polychromatic images. Documentation is available from ZSoft Corporation, Technical Support Department, ATTN: Technical Reference Manual, 450 Franklin Rd. Suite 100, Marietta, GA 30067 USA.

BMP: Microsoft bitmap format

This format is the standard raster format for computer using Microsoft Windows™ or Presentation Manager™. Documentation is available from Microsoft Corporation.

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TEI: Photographic and Motion Video Formats⚓︎15.6.3. Photographic and Motion Video Formats

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group

This standard is sponsored by CCITT and by ISO. It is ISO/IEC Draft International Standard 10918-1, and CCITT T.81. It handles monochrome and polychromatic images with a variety of compression techniques. JPEG per se, like CCITT Group IV, must be encapsulated before transmission; this can be done via TIFF, or via the JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF), as commonly done for Internet delivery.

QuickTime: Apple real-time image system

QuickTime is a proprietary method introduced by Apple Computer Company to synchronize the display of various data. The data can include frames of video, sound, lighting control mechanisms, and other things. Viewers for QuickTime productions are available for Apple and other computers. Further information is available from Apple Computer Incorporated, 10201 North de Anza Boulevard MS 23AQ, Cupertino, California 95014 USA.

Photo-CD: Kodak Photo Compact Disk format

This format was introduced by Kodak for rasterizing photographs and storing them on CD-ROMs (about one hundred 35mm file images fit on one disk), for display on televisions or CD-I systems. Information on Photo-CD is available from Kodak Limited, Research and Development, Headstone Drive, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 4TY, UK.

SMIL: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language format

SMIL is a W3C Recommendation which supports the integration of independent multimedia objects into a synchronized multimedia presentation. It provides multimedia authors with easily-defined basic timing relationships, fine-tuned synchronization, spatial layout, direct inclusion of non-text and non-image media objects, hyperlink support for time-based media, and adaptiveness to varying user and system characteristics. SMIL 1.0 (https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-smil/) became a W3C Recommendation on June 15, 1998, and was further developed in SMIL 2.0. SMIL 2.0 adds native support for transitions, animation, event-based interaction, extended layout facilities, and more sophisticated timing and synchronization primitives to the SMIL 1.0 language. It also allows reuse of SMIL syntax and semantics in other XML-based languages, in particular those who need to represent timing and synchronization. For example, SMIL 2.0 components are used for integrating timing into XHTML Document Types and into SVG. SMIL 2.0 also provides recommendations for Document Types based on SMIL 2.0 Modules (https://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-SMIL2-20050107/smil-modules.html). One such Document Type is the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile (https://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-SMIL2-20050107/smil20-profile.html). It contains support for all of the major SMIL 2.0 features including animation, content control, layout, linking, media object, meta-information, structure, timing, and transition effects and is designed for Web clients that support direct playback from SMIL 2.0 markup. SMIL 2.0 (https://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-smil20-20010807/) became a W3C Recommendation on August 7, 2001, becoming the first vocabulary to provide XML Schema support and to have reached such status.

As noted above, the reader will encounter many, many other graphics formats.

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TEI: Module for Tables, Formulæ, Notated Music, and Graphics⚓︎15.7. Module for Tables, Formulæ, Notated Music, and Graphics

The module described in this chapter provides the following features:

Module figures: Tables, formulæ, notated music, and figures

Elements defined: cell figDesc figure formula notatedMusic row table

Classes defined: att.tableDecoration

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

58

Since no special purpose element is provided for this purpose by the current version of these Guidelines, such information should be provided as one or more distinct paragraphs at the end of the encodingDesc element described in section 2.3. The Encoding Description.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

16. Language Corpora

Table of contents

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

16.2. Contextual Information

16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text

16.4. Linguistic Annotation of Corpora

16.5. Recommendations for the Encoding of Large Corpora

16.6. Module for Language Corpora

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The term language corpus is used to mean a number of rather different things. It may refer simply to any collection of linguistic data (for example, written, spoken, signed, or multimodal), although many practitioners prefer to reserve it for collections which have been organized or collected with a particular end in view, generally to characterize a particular state or variety of one or more languages. Because opinions as to the best method of achieving this goal differ, various subcategories of corpora have also been identified. For our purposes however, the distinguishing characteristic of a corpus is that its components have been selected or structured according to some conscious set of design criteria.

These design criteria may be very simple and undemanding, or very sophisticated. A corpus may be intended to represent (in the statistical sense) a particular linguistic variety or sublanguage, or it may be intended to represent all aspects of some assumed ‘core’ language. A corpus may be made up of whole texts or of fragments or text samples. It may be a ‘closed’ corpus, or an ‘open’ or ‘monitor’ corpus, the composition of which may change over time. However, since an open corpus is of necessity finite at any particular point in time, the only likely effect of its expansibility from the encoding point of view may be some increased difficulty in maintaining consistent encoding practices (see further section 16.5. Recommendations for the Encoding of Large Corpora). For simplicity, therefore, our discussion largely concerns ways of encoding closed corpora, regarded as single but composite texts.

Language corpora are regarded by these Guidelines as composite texts rather than unitary texts (on this distinction, see chapter 4. Default Text Structure). This is because although each discrete sample of language in a corpus clearly has a claim to be considered as a text in its own right, it is also regarded as a subdivision of some larger object, if only for convenience of analysis. Corpora share a number of characteristics with other types of composite texts, including anthologies and collections. Most notably, different components of composite texts may exhibit different structural properties (for example, some may be composed of verse, and others of prose), thus potentially requiring elements from different TEI modules.

Aside from these high-level structural differences, and possibly differences of scale, the encoding of language corpora and the encoding of individual texts present identical sets of problems. Any of the encoding techniques and elements presented in other chapters of these Guidelines may therefore prove relevant to some aspect of corpus encoding and may be used in corpora. Therefore, we do not repeat here the discussion of such fundamental matters as the representation of multiple character sets (see chapter vi. Languages and Character Sets); nor do we attempt to summarize the variety of elements provided for encoding basic structural features such as quoted or highlighted phrases, cross-references, lists, notes, editorial changes and reference systems (see chapter 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents). In addition to these general purpose elements, these Guidelines offer a range of more specialized sets of tags which may be of use in certain specialized corpora, for example those consisting primarily of verse (chapter 6. Verse), drama (chapter 7. Performance Texts), transcriptions of spoken text (chapter 8. Transcriptions of Speech), etc. Chapter 1. The TEI Infrastructure should be reviewed for details of how these and other components of these Guidelines should be tailored to create a TEI customization appropriate to a given application. In sum, it should not be assumed that only the matters specifically addressed in this chapter are of importance for corpus creators.

This chapter does however include some other material relevant to corpora and corpus-building, for which no other location appeared suitable. It begins with a review of the distinction between unitary and composite texts, and of the different methods provided by these Guidelines for representing composite texts of different kinds (section 16.1. Varieties of Composite Text). Section 16.2. Contextual Information describes a set of additional header elements provided for the documentation of contextual information, of importance largely though not exclusively to language corpora. This is the additional module for language corpora proper. Section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text discusses a mechanism by which individual parts of the TEI header may be associated with different parts of a TEI-conformant text. Section 16.4. Linguistic Annotation of Corpora reviews various methods of providing linguistic annotation in corpora, with some specific examples of relevance to current practice in corpus linguistics. Finally, section 16.5. Recommendations for the Encoding of Large Corpora provides some general recommendations about the use of these Guidelines in the building of large corpora.

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TEI: Varieties of Composite Text⚓︎16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

Both unitary and composite texts may be encoded using these Guidelines; composite texts, including corpora, will typically make use of the following tags for their top-level organization.

teiCorpus (TEI corpus) contains the whole of a TEI encoded corpus, comprising a single corpus header and one or more TEI elements, each containing a single text header and a text.

TEI (TEI document) contains a single TEI-conformant document, combining a single TEI header with one or more members of the model.resource class. Multiple TEI elements may be combined within a TEI (or teiCorpus) element.

teiHeader (TEI header) supplies descriptive and declarative metadata associated with a digital resource or set of resources.

text (text) contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, for example a poem or drama, a collection of essays, a novel, a dictionary, or a corpus sample.

group (group) contains the body of a composite text, grouping together a sequence of distinct texts (or groups of such texts) which are regarded as a unit for some purpose, for example the collected works of an author, a sequence of prose essays, etc.

Full descriptions of these may be found in chapter 2. The TEI Header (for teiHeader), and chapter 4. Default Text Structure (for teiCorpus, TEI, text, and group); this section discusses their application to composite texts in particular.

In these Guidelines, the word text refers to any stretch of discourse, whether complete or incomplete, unitary or composite, which the encoder chooses (perhaps merely for purposes of analytic convenience) to regard as a unit. The term composite text refers to texts within which other texts appear; the following common cases may be distinguished:

language corpora

collections or anthologies

poem cycles and epistolary works (novels or essays written in the form of collections or series of letters)

otherwise unitary texts, within which one or more subordinate texts are embedded

The elements listed above may be combined to encode each of these varieties of composite text in different ways.

In corpora, the component samples are clearly distinct texts, but the systematic collection, standardized preparation, and common markup of the corpus often make it useful to treat the entire corpus as a unit, too. Some corpora may become so well established as to be regarded as texts in their own right; the Brown and LOB corpora are now close to achieving this status.

The teiCorpus element is intended for the encoding of language corpora, though it may also be useful in encoding newspapers, electronic anthologies, and other disparate collections of material. The TEI element may be used in the same manner itself; the teiCorpus element, however, makes explicit the multiplicity of the collection, whatever it may be. The individual samples in the corpus are encoded as separate TEI elements, and the entire corpus is enclosed in a TEI or teiCorpus element. Each sample has the usual structure for a TEI document, comprising a teiHeader followed by one or more members of the model.resource class. The corpus, too, has a corpus-level teiHeader element, in which the corpus as a whole, and encoding practices common to multiple samples may be described. The overall structure of a TEI-conformant corpus is thus:

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

bibliography ⚓︎

Or, alternatively:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

Header information which relates to the whole corpus rather than to individual components of it should be factored out and included in the teiHeader element prefixed to the whole. This two-level structure allows for contextual information to be specified at the corpus level, at the individual text level, or at both. Discussion of the kinds of information which may thus be specified is provided below, in section 16.2. Contextual Information, as well as in chapter 2. The TEI Header. Information of this type should in general be specified only once: a variety of methods are provided for associating it with individual components of a corpus, as further described in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

In some cases, the design of a corpus is reflected in its internal structure. For example, a corpus of newspaper extracts might be arranged to combine all stories of one type (reportage, editorial, reviews, etc.) into some higher-level grouping, possibly with sub-groups for date, region, etc. A teiCorpus element may occur directly inside a teiCorpus specifically to allow direct support for reflecting such internal corpus structure in the markup. For example:

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for entire corpus -->
 </teiHeader>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for news sub-corpus -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #3 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #3 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #4 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #4 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial sub-corpus -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of editorial #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of editorial #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for reviews -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for review #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of review #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for review #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of review #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
</teiCorpus>

bibliography ⚓︎

Furthermore, useful groupings of components may easily be expressed using the text classification and identification elements described in section 16.2.1. The Text Description, and those for associating declarations with corpus components described in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text. These methods also allow several different methods of text grouping to co-exist, each to be used as needed at different times. This helps minimize the danger of cross-classification and misclassification of samples, and helps improve the flexibility with which parts of a corpus may be characterized for different applications.

Anthologies and collections are often treated as texts in their own right, if only for historical reasons. In conventional publishing, at least, anthologies are published as units, with single editorial responsibility and common front and back matter which may need to be included in their electronic encodings. The texts collected in the anthology, of course, may also need to be identifiable as distinct individual objects for study.

Poem cycles, epistolary novels, and epistolary essays differ from anthologies in that they are often written as single works, by single authors, for single occasions; nevertheless, it can be useful to treat their constituent parts as individual texts, as well as the cycle itself. Structurally, therefore, they may be treated in the same way as anthologies: in both cases, the body of the text is composed largely of other texts.

The group element is provided to simplify the encoding of collections, anthologies, and cyclic works; the group element may also be used to record the potentially complex internal structure of language corpora. (For a full description, see chapter 4. Default Text Structure.) The choice between using group or nested teiCorpus elements is up to individual encoders, but in general when it is useful to associate a significant quantity of metadata with such a unit of text it is easier to use teiCorpus.

Some composite texts, finally, are neither corpora, nor anthologies, nor cyclic works: they are otherwise unitary texts within which other texts are embedded. In general, they may be treated in the same way as unitary texts, using the normal TEI and body elements. The embedded text itself may be encoded using the text element. For further discussion, see chapter 4. Default Text Structure.

All composite texts share the characteristic that their different component texts may be of structurally similar or dissimilar types. If all component texts may all be encoded using the same module, then no problem arises. If however they require different modules, then these must be included in the TEI customization. This process is described in more detail in section 1.1. TEI Modules.

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TEI: Contextual Information⚓︎16.2. Contextual Information

Contextual information is of particular importance for collections or corpora composed of samples from a variety of different kinds of text. Examples of such contextual information include: the age, sex, and geographical origins of participants in a language interaction, or their socio-economic status; the cost and publication data of a newspaper; the topic, register or factuality of an extract from a textbook. Such information may be of the first importance, whether as an organizing principle in creating a corpus (for example, to ensure that the range of values in such a parameter is evenly represented throughout the corpus, or represented proportionately to the population being sampled), or as a selection criterion in analysing the corpus (for example, to investigate the language usage of some particular vector of social characteristics).

Such contextual information is potentially of equal importance for unitary texts, and these Guidelines accordingly make no particular distinction between the kinds of information which should be gathered for unitary and for composite texts. In either case, the information should be recorded in the appropriate section of a TEI header, as described in chapter 2. The TEI Header. In the case of language corpora, such information may be gathered together in the overall corpus header, or split across all the component texts of a corpus, in their individual headers, or divided between the two. The association between an individual corpus text and the contextual information applicable to it may be made in a number of ways, as further discussed in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text below.

Chapter 2. The TEI Header, which should be read in conjunction with the present section, describes in full the range of elements available for the encoding of information relating to the electronic file itself, for example its bibliographic description and those of the source or sources from which it was derived (see section 2.2. The File Description); information about the encoding practices followed with the corpus, for example its design principles, editorial practices, reference system, etc. (see section 2.3. The Encoding Description); more detailed descriptive information about the creation and content of the corpus, such as the languages used within it and any descriptive classification system used (see section 2.4. The Profile Description); and version information documenting any changes made in the electronic text (see section 2.6. The Revision Description).

In addition to the elements defined by chapter 2. The TEI Header, several other elements can be used in the TEI header if the additional module defined by this chapter is invoked. These additional tags make it possible to characterize the social or other situation within which a language interaction takes place or is experienced, the physical setting of a language interaction, and the participants in it. Though this information may be relevant to, and provided for, unitary texts as well as for collections or corpora, it is more often recorded for the components of systematically developed corpora than for isolated texts, and thus this module is referred to as being ‘for language corpora’.

When the module defined in this chapter is included in a schema, a number of additional elements become available within the profileDesc element of the TEI header (discussed in section 2.4. The Profile Description).

textDesc (text description) provides a description of a text in terms of its situational parameters.

particDesc (participation description) describes the identifiable speakers, voices, or other participants in any kind of text or other persons named or otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata.

settingDesc (setting description) describes the setting or settings within which a language interaction takes place, or other places otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata.

These elements, members of the model.profileDescPart, are discussed in the remainder of the chapter.

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TEI: The Text Description⚓︎16.2.1. The Text Description

The textDesc element provides a full description of the situation within which a text was produced or experienced, and thus characterizes it in a way relatively independent of any a priori theory of text-types. It is provided as an alternative or a supplement to the common use of descriptive taxonomies used to categorize texts, which is fully described in section 2.4.3. The Text Classification, and section 2.3.7. The Classification Declaration. The description is organized as a set of values and optional prose descriptions for the following eight situational parameters, each represented by one of the following eight elements:

channel (primary channel) describes the medium or channel by which a text is delivered or experienced. For a written text, this might be print, manuscript, email, etc.; for a spoken one, radio, telephone, face-to-face, etc.

mode
specifies the mode of this channel with respect to speech and writing.

constitution (constitution) describes the internal composition of a text or text sample, for example as fragmentary, complete, etc.

type
specifies how the text was constituted.

derivation (derivation) describes the nature and extent of originality of this text.

type
categorizes the derivation of the text. Sample values include: 1] original; 2] revision; 3] translation; 4] abridgment; 5] plagiarism; 6] traditional

domain (domain of use) describes the most important social context in which the text was realized or for which it is intended, for example private vs. public, education, religion, etc.

type
categorizes the domain of use. Sample values include: 1] art; 2] domestic; 3] religious; 4] business; 5] education (education); 6] govt (government); 7] public

factuality (factuality) describes the extent to which the text may be regarded as imaginative or non-imaginative, that is, as describing a fictional or a non-fictional world.

type
categorizes the factuality of the text.

interaction (interaction) describes the extent, cardinality and nature of any interaction among those producing and experiencing the text, for example in the form of response or interjection, commentary, etc.

type | specifies the degree of interaction between active and passive participants in the text.
active | specifies the number of active participants (or addressors) producing parts of the text. Suggested values include: 1] singular; 2] plural; 3] corporate; 4] unknown
passive | specifies the number of passive participants (or addressees) to whom a text is directed or in whose presence it is created or performed. Suggested values include: 1] self; 2] single; 3] many; 4] group; 5] world

preparedness (preparedness) describes the extent to which a text may be regarded as prepared or spontaneous.

type
a keyword characterizing the type of preparedness. Sample values include: 1] none; 2] scripted; 3] formulaic; 4] revised

purpose characterizes a single purpose or communicative function of the text.

type | specifies a particular kind of purpose. Suggested values include: 1] persuade; 2] express; 3] inform; 4] entertain
degree | specifies the extent to which this purpose predominates.

These elements constitute a model class called model.textDescPart; new parameters may be defined by defining new elements and adding them to that class, as further described in 24.3. Customization.

By default, a text description will contain each of the above elements, supplied in the order specified. Except for the purpose element, which may be repeated to indicate multiple purposes, no element should appear more than once within a single text description. Each element may be empty, or may contain a brief qualification or more detailed description of the value expressed by its attributes. It should be noted that some texts, in particular literary ones, may resist unambiguous classification in some of these dimensions; in such cases, the situational parameter in question should be given the content ‘not applicable’ or an equivalent phrase.

Texts may be described along many dimensions, according to many different taxonomies. No generally accepted consensus as to how such taxonomies should be defined has yet emerged, despite the best efforts of many corpus linguists, text linguists, sociolinguists, rhetoricians, and literary theorists over the years. Rather than attempting the task of proposing a single taxonomy of text-types (or the equally impossible one of enumerating all those which have been proposed previously), the closed set of situational parameters described above can be used in combination to supply useful distinguishing descriptive features of individual texts, without insisting on a system of discrete high-level text-types. Such text-types may however be used in combination with the parameters proposed here, with the advantage that the internal structure of each such text-type can be specified in terms of the parameters proposed. This approach has the following analytical advantages:⁵⁹

it enables a relatively continuous characterization of texts (in contrast to discrete categories based on type or topic)

it enables meaningful comparisons across corpora

it allows analysts to build and compare their own text-types based on the particular parameters of interest to them

it is equally applicable to spoken, written, or signed texts

Two alternative approaches to the use of these parameters are supported by these Guidelines. One is to use pre-existing taxonomies such as those used in subject classification or other types of text categorization. Such taxonomies may also be appropriate for the description of the topics addressed by particular texts. Elements for this purpose are described in section 2.4.3. The Text Classification, and elements for defining or declaring such classification schemes in section 2.3.7. The Classification Declaration. A second approach is to develop an application-specific set of feature structures and an associated feature system declaration, as described in chapters 19. Feature Structures and 19.11. Feature System Declaration.

Where the organizing principles of a corpus or collection so permit, it may be convenient to regard a particular set of values for the situational parameters listed in this section as forming a text-type in its own right; this may also be useful where the same set of values applies to several texts within a corpus. In such a case, the set of text-types so defined should be regarded as a taxonomy. The mechanisms described in section 2.3.7. The Classification Declaration may be used to define hierarchic taxonomies of such text-types, provided that the catDesc component of the category element contains a textDesc element rather than a prose description. Particular texts may then be associated with such definitions using the mechanisms described in sections 2.4.3. The Text Classification.

Using these situational parameters, an informal domestic conversation might be characterized as follows:

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s">informal face-to-face conversation</channel>
 <constitution type="single">each text represents a continuously
   recorded interaction among the specified participants
 </constitution>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic">plans for coming week, local affairs</domain>
 <factuality type="mixed">mostly factual, some jokes</factuality>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

⚓︎

The following example demonstrates how the same situational parameters might be used to characterize a novel:

<textDesc n="novel">
 <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="art"/>
 <factuality type="fiction"/>
 <interaction type="none"/>
 <preparedness type="prepared"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

⚓︎

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TEI: The Participant Description⚓︎16.2.2. The Participant Description

The particDesc element in the profileDesc element provides additional information about the participants in a spoken text or, where this is judged appropriate, the persons named or depicted in a written text. When the detailed elements provided by the namesdates module described in 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places are included in a schema, this element can contain detailed demographic or descriptive information about individual speakers or groups of speakers, such as their names or other personal characteristics. Individually identified persons may also identified by a code which can then be used elsewhere within the encoded text, for example as the value of a who attribute.

It should be noted that although the terms speaker or participant are used throughout this section, it is intended that the same mechanisms may be used to characterize fictional personæ or ‘voices’ within a written text, except where otherwise stated. For the purposes of analysis of language usage, the information specified here should be equally applicable to written, spoken, or signed texts.

The element particDesc contains a description of the participants in an interaction, which may be supplied as straightforward prose, possibly containing a list of names, encoded using the usual list and name elements, or alternatively using the more specific and detailed listPerson element provided by the namesdates module described in 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places.

For example, a participant in a recorded conversation might be described informally as follows:

<particDesc xml:id="p2">
 <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in Shropshire UK, 12 Jan
   1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
   Socio-Economic status B2 in the PEP classification scheme.</p>
</particDesc>

⚓︎

Alternatively, when the namesdates module is included in a schema, information about the same participant described above might be provided in a more structured way as follows:

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

⚓︎

An identified character in a drama or a novel may also be regarded as a participant in this sense, and encoded using the same techniques:⁶⁰

<particDesc>
 <p>The chief speaking characters in this novel are
 <list>
   <item xml:id="EMWOO">
    <name>Emma Woodhouse</name>
   </item>
   <item xml:id="DARCY">
    <name>Mr Darcy</name>
   </item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</particDesc>

⚓︎

Here, the characters are simply listed without the detailed structure which use of the listPerson element permits.

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TEI: The Setting Description⚓︎16.2.3. The Setting Description

The settingDesc element is used to describe the setting or settings in which language interaction takes place. It may contain a prose description, analogous to a stage description at the start of a play, stating in broad terms the locale, or a more detailed description of a series of such settings.

Each distinct setting is described by means of a setting element.

setting describes one particular setting in which a language interaction takes place.

Individual settings may be associated with particular participants by means of the optional who attribute which this element inherits as a member of the att.ascribed if, for example, participants are in different places. This attribute identifies one or more individual participants or participant groups, as discussed earlier in section 16.2.2. The Participant Description. If this attribute is not specified, the setting details provided are assumed to apply to all participants represented in the language interaction. Note however that it is not possible to encode different settings for the same participant: a participant is deemed to be a person within a specific setting.

The setting element may contain either a prose description or a selection of elements from the classes model.nameLike.agent, model.dateLike, or model.settingPart. By default, when the module defined by this chapter is included in a schema, these classes thus provide the following elements:

name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.

date (date) contains a date in any format.

time (time) contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format.

locale contains a brief informal description of the kind of place concerned, for example: a room, a restaurant, a park bench, etc.

activity (activity) contains a brief informal description of what a participant in a language interaction is doing other than speaking, if anything.

Additional more specific naming elements such as orgName or persName may also be available if the namesdates module is also included in the schema.

The following example demonstrates the kind of background information often required to support transcriptions of language interactions, first encoded as a simple prose narrative:

<settingDesc>
 <p>The time is early spring, 1989. P1 and P2 are playing on the rug
   of a suburban home in Bedford. P3 is doing the washing up at the
   sink. P4 (a radio announcer) is in a broadcasting studio in
   London.</p>
</settingDesc>

⚓︎

The same information might be represented more formally in the following way:

<settingDesc>
 <setting who="#p1 #p2">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>rug of a suburban home</locale>
  <activity>playing</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p3">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>at the sink</locale>
  <activity>washing-up</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p4">
  <name type="place">London, UK</name>
  <time>unknown</time>
  <locale>broadcasting studio</locale>
  <activity>radio performance</activity>
 </setting>
</settingDesc>

⚓︎

Again, a more detailed encoding for places is feasible if the namesdates module is included in the schema. The above examples assume that only the general purpose name element supplied in the core module is available.

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TEI: Associating Contextual Information with a Text⚓︎16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text

This section discusses the association of the contextual information held in the header with the individual elements making up a TEI text or corpus. Contextual information is held in elements of various kinds within the TEI header, as discussed elsewhere in this section and in chapter 2. The TEI Header. Here we consider what happens when different parts of a document need to be associated with different contextual information of the same type, for example when one part of a document uses a different encoding practice from another, or where one part relates to a different setting from another. In such situations, there will be more than one instance of a header element of the relevant type.

The TEI scheme allow for the following possibilities:

A given element may appear in the corpus header only, in the header of one or more texts only, or in both places

There may be multiple occurrences of certain elements in either the corpus or a text header.

To simplify the exposition, we deal with these two possibilities separately in what follows; however, they may be combined as desired.

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TEI: Combining Corpus and Text Headers⚓︎16.3.1. Combining Corpus and Text Headers

A TEI-conformant document may have more than one header only in the case of a TEI corpus, which must have a header in its own right, as well as the obligatory header for each text. Every element specified in a corpus-header is understood as if it appeared within every text header in the corpus. An element specified in a text header but not in the corpus header supplements the specification for that text alone. If any element is specified in both corpus and text headers, the corpus header element is over-ridden for that text alone.

The titleStmt for a corpus text is understood to be prefixed by the titleStmt given in the corpus header. All other optional elements of the fileDesc should be omitted from an individual corpus text header unless they differ from those specified in the corpus header. All other header elements behave identically, in the manner documented below. This facility makes it possible to state once for all in the corpus header each piece of contextual information which is common to the whole of the corpus, while still allowing for individual texts to vary from this common denominator.

For example, the following schematic shows the structure of a corpus comprising three texts, the first and last of which share the same encoding description. The second one has its own encoding description.

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- corpus file description-->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- default encoding description -->
  </encodingDesc>
  <revisionDesc>
<!-- corpus revision description -->
  </revisionDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- first corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
   <encodingDesc>
<!-- encoding description for this corpus text, over-riding the default -->
   </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- second corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for third corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- third corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Declarable Elements⚓︎16.3.2. Declarable Elements

Certain of the elements which can appear within a TEI header are known as declarable elements. These elements have in common the fact that they may be linked explicitly with a particular part of a text header or the corpus header by means of a decls attribute on that element. This linkage is used to over-ride the default association between declarations in the header and a corpus or corpus text. The only header elements which may be associated in this way are those which would not otherwise be meaningfully repeatable.

Declarable elements are all members of the class att.declarable; the corresponding declaring elements are all members of the class att.declaring.

att.declarable provides attributes for those elements in the TEI header which may be independently selected by means of the special purpose decls attribute.

default
indicates whether or not this element is selected by default when its parent is selected.

att.declaring provides attributes for elements which may be independently associated with a particular declarable element within the header, thus overriding the inherited default for that element.

decls
(declarations) identifies one or more declarable elements within the header, which are understood to apply to the element bearing this attribute and its content.

An alphabetically ordered list of declarable elements follows:

availability (availability) supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, any licence applying to it, etc.

bibl (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged.

biblFull (fully-structured bibliographic citation) contains a fully-structured bibliographic citation, in which all components of the TEI file description are present.

biblStruct (structured bibliographic citation) contains a structured bibliographic citation, in which only bibliographic sub-elements appear and in a specified order.

broadcast (broadcast) describes a broadcast used as the source of a spoken text.

correction (correction principles) states how and under what circumstances corrections have been made in the text.

correspDesc (correspondence description) contains a description of the actions related to one act of correspondence.

editorialDecl (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text.

equipment (equipment) provides technical details of the equipment and media used for an audio or video recording used as the source for a spoken text.

geoDecl (geographic coordinates declaration) documents the notation and the datum used for geographic coordinates expressed as content of the geo element elsewhere within the document.

hyphenation (hyphenation) summarizes the way in which hyphenation in a source text has been treated in an encoded version of it.

interpretation (interpretation) describes the scope of any analytic or interpretive information added to the text in addition to the transcription.

langUsage (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text.

listApp (list of apparatus entries) contains a list of apparatus entries.

listBibl (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind.

listEvent (list of events) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable event.

listNym (list of canonical names) contains a list of nyms, that is, standardized names for any thing.

listObject (list of objects) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable physical object.

listOrg (list of organizations) contains a list of elements, each of which provides information about an identifiable organization.

listPerson (list of persons) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable person or a group of people, for example the participants in a language interaction, or the people referred to in a historical source.

listPlace (list of places) contains a list of places, optionally followed by a list of relationships (other than containment) defined amongst them.

metDecl (metrical notation declaration) documents the notation employed to represent a metrical pattern when this is specified as the value of a met, real, or rhyme attribute on any structural element of a metrical text (e.g. lg, l, or seg).

normalization (normalization) indicates the extent of normalization or regularization of the original source carried out in converting it to electronic form.

particDesc (participation description) describes the identifiable speakers, voices, or other participants in any kind of text or other persons named or otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata.

projectDesc (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected.

punctuation specifies editorial practice adopted with respect to punctuation marks in the original.

quotation (quotation) specifies editorial practice adopted with respect to quotation marks in the original.

recording (recording event) provides details of an audio or video recording event used as the source of a spoken text, either directly or from a public broadcast.

refsDecl (references declaration) specifies how canonical references are constructed for this text.

samplingDecl (sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in selecting texts, or parts of a text, for inclusion in the resource.

scriptStmt (script statement) contains a citation giving details of the script used for a spoken text.

segmentation (segmentation) describes the principles according to which the text has been segmented, for example into sentences, tone-units, graphemic strata, etc.

seriesStmt (series statement) groups information about the series, if any, to which a publication belongs.

settingDesc (setting description) describes the setting or settings within which a language interaction takes place, or other places otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata.

sourceDesc (source description) describes the source(s) from which an electronic text was derived or generated, typically a bibliographic description in the case of a digitized text, or a phrase such as ‘born digital’ for a text which has no previous existence.

stdVals (standard values) specifies the format used when standardized date or number values are supplied.

styleDefDecl (style definition language declaration) specifies the name of the formal language in which style or renditional information is supplied elsewhere in the document. The specific version of the scheme may also be supplied.

textClass (text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc.

textDesc (text description) provides a description of a text in terms of its situational parameters.

xenoData (non-TEI metadata) provides a container element into which metadata in non-TEI formats may be placed.

Each of the above elements is repeatable within a single header; that is, there may be more than one instance of any declarable element type at a given level. When this occurs, the following rules apply. For each different type of declarable element which occurs more than once:

each must bear a unique identifier

when occurring within the same parent element, exactly one element must be specified as the default, by having a default attribute with the value "true".

In the following example, an editorial declaration contains two possible correction policies, one identified as CorPol1 and the other as CorPol2. Since there are two, one of them (in this case CorPol1) should be specified as the default:

<editorialDecl>
 <correction xml:id="CorPol1"
  default="true">
  <p> ... </p>
 </correction>
 <correction xml:id="CorPol2">
  <p> ... </p>
 </correction>
 <normalization xml:id="n1">
  <p> ... </p>
  <p> ... </p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

⚓︎

For texts associated with the header in which this declaration appears, correction method CorPol1 will be assumed, unless they explicitly state otherwise. Here is the structure of a text in which a division states otherwise:

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="D1"/>
  <div1 n="D2" decls="#CorPol2"/>
  <div1 n="D3"/>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this case, the contents of the divisions D1 and D3 will both use correction policy CorPol1, and those of division D2 will use correction policy CorPol2.

The decls attribute is defined for any element which is a member of the class declaring. This includes the major structural elements text, group, and div, as well as smaller structural units, down to the level of paragraphs in prose, individual utterances in spoken texts, and entries in dictionaries. However, TEI recommended practice is to limit the number of multiple declarable elements used by a document as far as possible, for simplicity and ease of processing.

The identifier or identifiers to which the decls attribute points must follow two further restrictions:

When decl references an element that itself contains multiple elements of the same type, only the children elements with default set to "true" are considered referenced.

Each element specified, explicitly or implicitly, by the list of identifiers must be of a different kind.

To demonstrate how these rules operate, we now expand our earlier example slightly:

<encodingDesc>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED1" default="true">
  <correction xml:id="C1A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C1B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N1">
   <p> ... </p>
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED2">
  <correction xml:id="C2A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C2B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N2A">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
  <normalization xml:id="N2B"
   default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
</encodingDesc>

⚓︎

This encoding description now has two editorial declarations, identified as ED1 (the default) and ED2. For texts not specifying otherwise, ED1 will apply. If ED1 applies, correction method C1A and normalization method N1 apply, since these are the specified defaults within ED1. In the same way, for a text specifying decls as ‘#ED2’, correction C2A, and normalization N2B will apply.

A finer grained approach is also possible. A text might specify <text decls='#C2B #N2A'>, to ‘mix and match’ declarations as required. A tag such as <text decls='#ED1 #ED2'> would (obviously) be illegal, since it includes two elements of the same type; a tag such as <text decls='#ED2 #C1A'> is also illegal, since in this context #ED2 is synonymous with the defaults for that editorial declaration, namely #C2A #N2B, resulting in a list that identifies two correction elements (C1A and C2A).

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TEI: Summary⚓︎16.3.3. Summary

The rules determining which of the declarable elements are applicable at any point may be summarized as follows:

If there is a single occurrence of a given declarable element in a corpus header, then it applies by default to all elements within the corpus.

If there is a single occurrence of a given declarable element in the text header, then it applies by default to all elements of that text irrespective of the contents of the corpus header.

Where there are multiple occurrences of declarable elements within a text’s header or its corpus header,

each must have a unique value specified as the value of its xml:id attribute;

one and only one must bear a default attribute with the value true (or 1).

It is a semantic error for an element to be associated with more than one occurrence of any declarable element.

Selecting an element which contains multiple occurrences of a given declarable element is semantically equivalent to selecting only those contained elements which are specified as defaults.

An association made by one element applies by default to all of its descendants.

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TEI: Linguistic Annotation of Corpora⚓︎16.4. Linguistic Annotation of Corpora

Language corpora often include analytic encodings or annotations, designed to support a variety of different views of language. The present Guidelines do not advocate any particular approach to linguistic annotation (or ‘tagging’); instead a number of general analytic facilities are provided which support the representation of most forms of annotation in a standard and self-documenting manner. Analytic annotation is of importance in many fields, not only in corpus linguistics, and is therefore discussed in general terms elsewhere in the Guidelines.⁶¹ The present section presents informally some particular applications of these general mechanisms to the specific practice of corpus linguistics.

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TEI: Levels of Analysis⚓︎16.4.1. Levels of Analysis

By linguistic annotation we mean here any annotation determined by an analysis of linguistic features of the text, excluding as borderline cases both the formal structural properties of the text (e.g. its division into chapters or paragraphs) and descriptive information about its context (the circumstances of its production, its genre, or medium). The structural properties of any TEI-conformant text should be represented using the structural elements discussed elsewhere in these Guidelines, for example in chapters 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents and 4. Default Text Structure. The contextual properties of a TEI text are fully documented in the TEI header, which is discussed in chapter 2. The TEI Header, and in section 16.2. Contextual Information of the present chapter.

Other forms of linguistic annotation may be applied at a number of levels in a text. A code (such as a word-class or part-of-speech code) may be associated with each word or token, or with groups of such tokens, which may be continuous, discontinuous, or nested. A code may also be associated with relationships (such as cohesion) perceived as existing between distinct parts of a text. The codes themselves may stand for discrete non-decomposable categories, or they may represent highly articulated bundles of textual features. Their function may be to place the annotated part of the text somewhere within a narrowly linguistic or discoursal domain of analysis, or within a more general semantic field, or any combination drawn from these and other domains.

The manner by which such annotations are generated and attached to the text may be entirely automatic, entirely manual, or a mixture. The ease and accuracy with which analysis may be automated may vary with the level at which the annotation is attached. The method employed should be documented in the interpretation element within the encoding description of the TEI header, as described in section 2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration. Where different parts of a corpus have used different annotation methods, the decls attribute should be used to indicate the fact, as further discussed in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

An extended example of one form of linguistic analysis commonly practised in corpus linguistics is given in section 18.4. Linguistic Annotation.

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TEI: Recommendations for the Encoding of Large Corpora⚓︎16.5. Recommendations for the Encoding of Large Corpora

These Guidelines include proposals for the identification and encoding of a far greater variety of textual features and characteristics than is likely to be either feasible or desirable in any one language corpus, however large and ambitious. The reasoning behind this universal approach is further discussed in chapter iv. About These Guidelines. For most large-scale corpus projects, it will therefore be necessary to determine a subset of TEI recommended elements appropriate to the anticipated needs of the project, as further discussed in chapter 24.3. Customization; these mechanisms include the ability to exclude selected element types, add new element types, and change the names of existing elements. A discussion of the implications of such changes for TEI conformance is provided in chapter 24.4. Conformance.

Because of the high cost of identifying and encoding many textual features, and the difficulty in ensuring consistent practice across very large corpora, encoders may find it convenient to divide the set of elements to be encoded into the following four categories:

required

texts included within the corpus will always encode textual features in this category, should they exist in the text

recommended

textual features in this category will be encoded wherever economically and practically feasible; where present but not encoded, a note in the header should be made.

optional

textual features in this category may or may not be encoded; no conclusion about the absence of such features can be inferred from the absence of the corresponding element in a given text.

proscribed

textual features in this category are deliberately not encoded; they may be transcribed as unmarked up text, or represented as gap elements, or silently omitted, as appropriate.

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TEI: Module for Language Corpora⚓︎16.6. Module for Language Corpora

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module corpus: Corpus texts

Elements defined: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale particDesc preparedness purpose setting settingDesc textDesc

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

59

Schemes similar to that proposed here were developed in the 1960s and 1970s by researchers such as Hymes, Halliday, and Crystal and Davy, but have rarely been implemented; one notable exception being the pioneering work on the Helsinki Diachronic Corpus of English, on which see Kytö and Rissanen (1988)

60

It is particularly useful to define participants in a dramatic text in this way, since it enables the who attribute to be used to link sp elements to definitions for their speakers; see further section 7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers.

61

See in particular chapters 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment, 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms, and 19. Feature Structures.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Table of contents

17.1. Links

17.2. Pointing Mechanisms

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

17.4. Synchronization

17.5. Correspondence and Alignment

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

17.7. Aggregation

17.8. Alternation

17.9. Stand-off Markup

17.10. The standOff Container

17.11. Annotations

17.12. Connecting Analytic and Textual Markup

17.13. Module for Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

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This chapter discusses a number of ways in which encoders may represent analyses of the structure of a text which are not necessarily linear or hierarchic. The module defined by this chapter provides for the following common requirements:

to link disparate elements using the xml:id attribute (section 17.1. Links);

to link disparate elements without using the xml:id attribute (sections 17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere and 17.2.4. TEI XPointer Schemes);

to segment text into elements convenient for the encoder and to mark arbitrary points within documents (section 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors);

to represent correspondence or alignment among groups of text elements, both those with content and those which are empty (section 17.5. Correspondence and Alignment);⁶²

to synchronize elements of a text, that is to represent temporal correspondences and alignments among text elements (section 17.4. Synchronization) and also to align them with specific points in time (section 17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time);

to specify that one text element is identical to or a copy of another (section 17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies);

to aggregate possibly noncontiguous elements (section 17.7. Aggregation);

to specify that different elements are alternatives to one another and to express preferences among the alternatives (section 17.8. Alternation);

to store markup separately from the data it describes or is related to (section 17.9. Stand-off Markup);

to associate segments of a text with interpretations or analyses of their significance (section 17.12. Connecting Analytic and Textual Markup);

to group together elements used to provide stand-off annotation, including contextual information (section 17.10. The standOff Container).

These facilities all use the same set of techniques based on the W3C XPointer framework (Grosso et al. (eds.) (2003)) This provides a variety of schemes; the most convenient of which, and that recommended by these Guidelines, makes use of the global xml:id attribute, as defined in section 1.3.1.1. Global Attributes, and introduced in the section of v. A Gentle Introduction to XML titled Identifiers and Indicators. When the linking module is included in a schema, the attribute class att.global is extended to include eight additional attributes to support the various kinds of linking listed above. Each of these attributes is introduced in the appropriate section below. In addition, for many of the topics discussed, a choice of methods of encoding is offered, ranging from simple but less general ones, which use attribute values only, to more elaborate and more general ones, which use specialized elements.

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TEI: Links⚓︎17.1. Links

We say that one element points to others if the first has an attribute whose value is a reference to the others: such an element is called a pointer element, or simply a pointer. Among the pointers that have been introduced up to this point in these Guidelines are note, ref, and ptr. These elements all indicate an association between one place in the document (the location of the pointer itself) and one or more others (the elements whose identifiers are specified by the pointer's target attribute). The module described in this chapter introduces a variation on this basic kind of pointer, known as a link, which specifies both ‘ends’ of an association. In addition, we define a syntax for representing locations in a document by a variety of means not dependent on the use of xml:id attributes.

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TEI: Pointers and Links⚓︎17.1.1. Pointers and Links

In section 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References we introduced the simplest pointer elements, ptr and ref. Here we introduce additionally the link element, which represents an association between two (or more) locations by specifying each location explicitly. Its own location is irrelevant to the intended linkage. All three elements use the attribute target, provided by the att.pointing class as a means of indicating the location or locations referenced or pointed to.

att.pointing provides a set of attributes used by all elements which point to other elements by means of one or more URI references.

target
specifies the destination of the reference by supplying one or more URI References.

link (link) defines an association or hypertextual link among elements or passages, of some type not more precisely specifiable by other elements.

The ptr element may be called a ‘pure pointer’, because its primary function is simply to point. A pointer sets up a connection between an element (which, in the case of a pure pointer, is simply a location in a document), and one or more others, known collectively as its target. The ptr and ref elements point, conceptually, at a single target, even if that target may be discontinuous in the document. The link element specifies at least two targets and represents an association between them, independent of its own location.

These three elements also share a common set of attributes, derived from the att.pointing and att.typed classes:

att.pointing provides a set of attributes used by all elements which point to other elements by means of one or more URI references.

evaluate
(evaluate) specifies the intended meaning when the target of a pointer is itself a pointer.

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

Double connection among elements could also be expressed by a combination of pointer elements, for example, two ptr elements, or one ptr element and one note element. All that is required is that the value of the target (or other pointing) attribute of the one be the value of the xml:id attribute of the other. What the link element accomplishes is the handling of double connection by means of a single element. Thus, in the following encoding:

<ptr xml:id="sa-p1" target="#sa-p2"/>
<ptr xml:id="sa-p2" target="#sa-p1"/>

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sa-p1 points to sa-p2, and sa-p2 points to sa-p1. This is logically equivalent to the more compact encoding:

<link target="#sa-p1 #sa-p2"/>

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As noted elsewhere, the target attribute may take as value one or more URI reference. In the simplest case, each such reference will indicate an element in the current document (or in some other document), for example by supplying the value used for its global xml:id attribute. It may however carry as value any form of URI, such as a URL pointing to some other document or location on the Internet. Pointing or linking to external documents and pointing and linking where identifiers are not available is described below in section 17.2. Pointing Mechanisms.

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TEI: Using Pointers and Links⚓︎17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

As an example of the use of mechanisms which establish connections among elements, consider the practice (common in 18th century English verse and elsewhere) of providing footnotes citing parallel passages from classical authors.

Such footnotes can of course simply be encoded using the note element (see section 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing) without a target attribute, placed adjacent to the passage to which the note refers:⁶³

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,</l>
<l>
 <note type="imitation" place="bottom">
  <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
   <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
  </quote>
 </note>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,
</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>

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This use of the note element can be called implicit pointing (or implicit linking). It relies on the juxtaposition of the note to the text being commented on for the connection to be understood. If it is felt that the mere juxtaposition of the note to the text does not make it sufficiently clear exactly what text segment is being commented on (for example, is it the immediately preceding line, or the immediately preceding two lines, or what?), or if it is decided to place the note at some distance from the text, then the pointing or the linking must be made explicit. We now consider various methods for doing that.

Firstly, a ptr element might be placed at an appropriate point within the text to link it with the annotation:

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,
<ptr rend="unmarked" target="#note3.284"/>
</l>
<l>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>
<note xml:id="note3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
 </quote>
</note>

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The note element has been given an arbitrary identifier (note3.284) to enable it to be specified as the target of the pointer element. Because there is nothing in the text to signal the existence of the annotation, the rend attribute has been given the value unmarked.

Secondly, the target attribute of the note element can be used to point at its associated text, provided that an xml:id attribute has been supplied for the associated text:

<l xml:id="L3.283">(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l xml:id="L3.284">The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,</l>
<l xml:id="L3.285">'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,</l>
<l xml:id="L3.286">To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>
<!-- ... -->

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Given this encoding of the text itself, we can now link the various notes to it. In this case, the note itself contains a pointer to the place in the text which it is annotating; this could be encoded using a ref element, which bears a target attribute of its own and contains a (slightly misquoted) extract from the text marked as a quote element:

<note type="imitation" place="bottom"
 target="#L3.284">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>

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Combining these two approaches gives us the following associations:

a pointer within one line indicates the note

the note indicates the line

a pointer within the note indicates the line

Note that we do not have any way of pointing from the line itself to the note: the association is implied by containment of the pointer. We do not as yet have a true double link between text and note. To achieve that we will need to supply identifiers for the annotations as well as for the verse lines, and use a link element to associate the two. Note that the ptr element and the target attribute on the note may now be dispensed with:

<note xml:id="n3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>
<link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>

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The target attribute of the link element here bears the identifier of the note followed by that of the verse line. We could also allocate an identifier to the reference within the note and encode the association between it and the verse line in the same way:

<note type="imitation" place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" xml:id="r3.284"
  target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
<!-- ... -->
</note>
<!-- ... -->
<link target="#r3.284 #L3.284"/>

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Indeed, the two links could be combined into one, as follows:

<link target="#n3.284 #r3.284 #L3.284"/>

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TEI: Groups of Links⚓︎17.1.3. Groups of Links

Clearly, there are many reasons for which an encoder might wish to represent a link or association between different elements. For some of them, specific elements are provided in these Guidelines; some of these are discussed elsewhere in the present chapter. The link element is a general purpose element which may be used for any kind of association. The element linkGrp may be used to group links of a particular type together in a single part of the document; such a collection may be used to represent what is sometimes referred to in the literature of Hypertext as a web, a term introduced by the Brown University FRESS project in 1969, and not to be confused with the World Wide Web.

linkGrp (link group) defines a collection of associations or hypertextual links.

As a member of the class att.pointing.group, this element shares the following attributes with other members of that class:

att.pointing.group provides a set of attributes common to all elements which enclose groups of pointer elements.

domains | optionally specifies the identifiers of the elements within which all elements indicated by the contents of this element lie.
targFunc | (target function) describes the function of each of the values of the target attribute of the enclosed link, join, or alt tags.

It is also a member of the att.pointing and att.typed classes, and therefore also carries the attributes specified in section 17.1.1. Pointers and Links above, in particular the type attribute.

The linkGrp element provides a convenient way of establishing a default for the type attribute on a group of links of the same type: by default, the type attribute on a link element has the same value as that given for type on the enclosing linkGrp.

Typical software might hide a web entirely from the user, but use it as a source of information about links, which are displayed independently at their referenced locations. Alternatively, software might provide a direct view of the link collection, along with added functions for manipulating the collection, as by filtering, sorting, and so on. To continue our previous example, this text contains many other notes of a kind similar to the one shown above. Here are a few more of the lines to which annotations have to be attached, followed by the annotations themselves:

<l xml:id="L2.79">A place there is, betwixt earth, air and seas</l>
<l xml:id="L2.80">Where from Ambrosia, Jove retires for ease.</l>
<!-- ... -->
<l xml:id="L2.88">Sign'd with that Ichor which from Gods distills.</l>
<!-- ... -->
<note xml:id="n2.79" place="bottom"
 anchored="false">
 <bibl>Ovid Met. 12.</bibl>
 <quote xml:lang="la">
  <l>Orbe locus media est, inter terrasq; fretumq;</l>
  <l>Cœlestesq; plagas —</l>
 </quote>
</note>
<note xml:id="n2.88" place="bottom"
 anchored="false"> Alludes to <bibl>Homer, Iliad 5</bibl> ...
</note>

⚓︎

To avoid having to repeat the specification of type as imitation on each note, we may specify it once for all on a linkGrp element containing all links of this type.

<linkGrp type="imitation">
 <link target="#n2.79 #L2.79"/>
 <link target="#n2.88 #L2.88"/>
 <link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>
</linkGrp>

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Additional information for applications that use linkGrp elements can be provided by means of special attributes. First, the domains attribute can be used to identify the text elements within which the individual targets of the links are to be found. Suppose that the text under discussion is organized into a body element, containing the text of the poem, and a back element containing the notes. Then the domains attribute can have as its value the identifiers of the body and the back, to enable an application to verify that the link targets are in fact contained by appropriate elements, or to limit its search space:

<!-- ... --><linkGrp type="imitation"
 domains="#dunciad #dunnotes">
 <link target="#n2.79 #L2.79"/>
 <link target="#n2.88 #L2.88"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

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Note that there must be a single parent element for each ‘domain’; if some notes are contained by a section with identifier dunnotes, and others by a section with identifier dunimits, an intermediate pointer must be provided (as described in section 17.1.4. Intermediate Pointers) within the linkGrp and its identifier used instead.

Next, the targFunc attribute can be used to provide further information about the role or function of the various targets specified for each link in the group. The value of the targFunc attribute is a list of names (formally, name tokens), one for each of the targets in the link; these names can be chosen freely by the encoder, but their significance should be documented in the encoding description in the header.⁶⁴ In the current example, we might think of the note as containing the source of the imitation and the verse line as containing the goal of the imitation. Accordingly, we can specify the linkGrp in the preceding example thus:

<linkGrp type="imitation"
 domains="#dunciad #dunnotes" targFunc="source goal">
 <link target="#n2.79 #L2.79"/>
 <link target="#n2.88 #L2.88"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Intermediate Pointers⚓︎17.1.4. Intermediate Pointers

In the preceding examples, we have shown various ways of linking an annotation and a single verse line. However, the example cited in fact requires us to encode an association between the note and a pair of verse lines (lines 284 and 285); we call these two lines a span.

There are a number of possible ways of correcting this error: one could use the target attribute to indicate one end of the span and the special purpose targetEnd attribute on the note element to point to the other. Another possibility might be to create an element which represents the whole span itself and assign that an xml:id attribute, which can then be linked to the note and ref elements. This could be done using for example the lg element defined in section 3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse or the ‘virtual’ join element discussed in section 17.7. Aggregation.

A third possibility would be to use an ‘intermediate pointer’ as follows:

<ptr xml:id="L3.283-284"
 target="#L3.283 #L3.284"/>

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When the target attribute of a ptr or ref element specifies more than one element, the indicated elements are intended to be combined or aggregated in some way to produce the object of the pointer. (Such aggregation is however the task of a processing application, and cannot be defined simply by the markup). The xml:id attribute of the ptr then provides an identifier which can be linked to the note and ref elements:

<link evaluate="all"
 target="#n3.284 #r3.284 #L3.283-284"/>

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The all value of evaluate is used on the link element to specify that any pointer encountered as a target of that element is itself evaluated. If evaluate had the value none, the link target would be the pointer itself, rather than the objects it points to.

Where a linkGrp element is used to group a collection of link elements, any intermediate pointer elements used by those link elements should be included within the linkGrp.

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TEI: Pointing Mechanisms⚓︎17.2. Pointing Mechanisms

This section introduces more formally the pointing mechanisms available in the TEI. In addition to those discussed so far, the TEI provides methods of pointing:

into documents other than the current document;

to a particular element in a document other than the current document using its xml:id;

to a particular element whether in the current document or not, using its position in the XML element tree;

at arbitrary content in any XML document using TEI-defined XPointer schemes.

All TEI attributes used to point at something else are declared as having the datatype teidata.pointer, which is defined as a URI reference⁶⁵; the cases so far discussed are all simple examples of a URI reference. Another familiar example is the mechanism used in XHTML to create represent hypertext links by means of the XHTML href attribute. A URI reference can reference the whole of an XML resource such as a document or an XML element, or a sub-portion of such a resource, identified by means of an appropriate fragment identifier. Technically speaking, the ‘fragment identifier’ is that portion of a URI reference following the first unescaped ‘#’ character; in practice, it provides a means of accessing some part of the resource described by the URI which is less than the whole.

The first three of the following subsections provide only a brief overview and some examples of the W3C mechanisms recommended. More detailed information on the use of these mechanisms is readily available elsewhere.

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TEI: Pointing Elsewhere⚓︎17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

Like the ubiquitous if misnamed XHTML pointing attribute href, the TEI pointing attributes can point to a document that is not the current document (the one that contains the pointing element) whether it is in the same local filesystem as the current document, or on a different system entirely. In either case, the pointing can be accomplished absolutely (using the entire address of the target document) or relatively (using an address relative to the current base URI in force). The ‘current base URI’ is defined according to Marsh and Tobin 2009. If there is none, the base URI is that of the current document. In common practice the current base URI in force is likely to be the value of the xml:base attribute of the closest ancestor that has one. However this may not be the case, since xml:base attributes are accumulated through the hierarchy by concatenation of path segments, beginning at the top of the hierarchy and proceeding down to the context node.

The following example demonstrates an absolute URI reference that points to a remote document:

The current base URI in force is as defined in the
W3C <ref target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlbase/">XML
Base</ref> recommendation.

⚓︎

This example points explicitly to a location on the Web, accessible via HTTP. Suppose however that we wish to access a document stored locally in a file. Again we will supply an absolute URI reference, but this time using a different protocol:

This Debian package is distributed under the terms
of the <ref target="file:///usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-2">GNU General Public License</ref>.

⚓︎

In the following example, we use a relative URI reference to point to a local document:

<figure rend="float fullpage">
 <graphic url="Images/compic.png"/>
 <figDesc>The figure shows the page from the <title>Orbis
     pictus</title> of Comenius which is discussed in the text.</figDesc>
</figure>

⚓︎

Since no xml:base is specified here, the location of the resource Images/compic.png is determined relative to the resource indicated by the current base URI, which is the current document.

In the following example, however, we first change the current base URI by setting a new value for xml:base. The resource required is then identified by means of a relative URI:

<div type="chap"
 xml:base="http://classics.mit.edu/">
 <head>On Ancient Persian Manners</head>
 <p>In the very first story of <ref target="Sadi/gulistan.2.i.html">
   <title>The Gulistan of
       Sa'di</title>
  </ref>,
   Sa'di relates moral advice worthy of Miss Minners ...</p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

⚓︎

As noted above, the current base URI is found on the nearest ancestor. It is technically possible to use xml:base as a means to shorten URIs, but this usage is not recommended. Abbreviated pointers provide a more flexible and consistent method for creating shorthand links.

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TEI: Pointing Locally⚓︎17.2.2. Pointing Locally

A shorthand pointer, in which the URI consists only of # followed by the value of an xml:id acts as a pointer to the element in the current document with that xml:id, as in the following example.

<div type="section" xml:id="sect106">
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="section" n="107" xml:id="sect107">
 <head>Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use</head>
 <p>Notwithstanding the provisions of
 <ref target="#sect106">section 106</ref>, the fair use of a
   copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies
   or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section,
   for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting,
   teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use),
   scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.
   In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular
   case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall
   include — 
 <list rend="bulleted">
   <item n="(1)">the purpose and character of the use, including
       whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit
       educational purposes;</item>
   <item n="(2)">the nature of the copyrighted work;</item>
   <item n="(3)">the amount and substantiality of the portion
       used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole;
       and</item>
   <item n="(4)">the effect of the use upon the potential market
       for or value of the copyrighted work.</item>
  </list>
   The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a
   finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration
   of all the above factors.</p>
</div>

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This method of pointing, by referring to the xml:id of the target element as a bare name only (e.g., #sect106) is the simplest and often the best approach where it can be applied, i.e. where both the source element and target element are in the same XML document, and where the target element carries an identifier. It is the method used extensively in previous sections of this chapter and elsewhere in these Guidelines.

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TEI: Using Abbreviated Pointers⚓︎17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

Even in the case of relative links on the local file system, ref or target attributes may become quite lengthy and make XML code difficult to read. To deal with this problem, the TEI provides a useful method of using abbreviated pointers and documenting a way to dereference them automatically.

Imagine a project which has a large collection of XML documents organized like this:

anthology

poetry

poem.xml

prose

novel.xml

references

people

personography.xml

If you want to link a name in the novel.xml file to a person in the personography.xml file, the link will look like this:

<name ref="../../references/people/personography.xml#fred">Fred</name>

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If there are many names to tag in a single paragraph, the XML encoding will be congested, and such lengthy links are prone to typographical error. In addition, if the project organization is changed, every relative link will have to be found and altered.

One way to deal with this is to use what is often referred to as a "magic token". You could make such links using the key attribute:

<name key="fred">Fred</name>

⚓︎

and document the meaning of the key using (for instance) a taxonomy element in the TEI header, as described in 3.6.1. Referring Strings. However, such a link cannot be mechanically processed by an external system that does not know how to interpret it; a human will have to read the header explanation and write code explicitly to reconstruct the intended link.

A more robust alternative is to use a private URI scheme. This is a method of constructing a simple, key-like token which functions as a teidata.pointer, and can therefore be used as the value of any attribute which has that datatype, such as ref and target. Such a scheme consists of a prefix with a colon, and then a value. You might, for example, use the prefix psn (for "person"), and structure your name tags like this:

<name ref="psn:fred">Fred</name>

⚓︎

How is this different from a ‘magic token’? Essentially, it isn't, except that TEI provides a structured method of dereferencing it (turning it into a computable path, such as ../../references/people/personography.xml#fred) by means of a declaration inside encodingDesc in the TEI header, using the elements and attributes for prefix declaration:

listPrefixDef (list of prefix definitions) contains a list of definitions of prefixing schemes used in teidata.pointer values, showing how abbreviated URIs using each scheme may be expanded into full URIs.

prefixDef (prefix definition) defines a prefixing scheme used in teidata.pointer values, showing how abbreviated URIs using the scheme may be expanded into full URIs.

ident
supplies a name which functions as the prefix for an abbreviated pointing scheme such as a private URI scheme. The prefix constitutes the text preceding the first colon.

att.patternReplacement provides attributes for regular-expression matching and replacement.

matchPattern | specifies a regular expression against which the values of other attributes can be matched.
replacementPattern | specifies a ‘replacement pattern’, that is, the skeleton of a relative or absolute URI containing references to groups in the matchPattern which, once subpattern substitution has been performed, complete the URI.

This is how you might document a private URI scheme using the psn: prefix:

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
  replacementPattern="../../references/people/personography.xml#$1">
  <p> In the context of this project, private URIs with the prefix
     "psn" point to <gi>person</gi> elements in the project's
     personography.xml file.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

⚓︎

This specifies that where a teidata.pointer value is constructed with a psn: prefix, a regular-expression replace operation can be performed on it to construct the full or relative URI to the target document or fragment. listPrefixDef is a child of encodingDesc, and it contains any number of prefixDef elements. Each prefixDef element provides a method of dereferencing or expanding an abbreviated pointer, based on a regular expression. The ident attribute specifies the prefix to which the expansion applies (without the colon). The matchPattern attribute contains a regular expression which is matched against the component of the pointer following the first colon, and the replacementPattern provides the string which will be used as a replacement. In this example, using psn:fred, the value fred would be matched by the matchPattern, and also captured (through the parentheses in the regular expression); it would then be replaced by the value ../../references/people/personography.xml#fred (with the the $1 in the replacementPattern being replaced by the captured value). The p element inside the prefixDef can be used to provide a human-readable explanation of the usage of this prefix.

Through this mechanism, any processor which encounters a teidata.pointer with a protocol unknown to it can check the listPrefixDef in the header to see if there is an available expansion for it, and if there is, it can automatically provide the expansion and generate a full or relative URI.

For any given prefix, it may be useful to supply more than one expansion. For instance, in addition to pointing at the person element in the personography file, it might also be useful to point to an external source which is available on the network, representing the same information in a different way. So there might be a second prefixDef like this:

<prefixDef ident="psn"
 matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
 replacementPattern="http://www.example.com/personography.html#$1">
 <p> Private URIs with the prefix "psn" can be converted to point
   to a fragment on the Personography page of the project Website.
 </p>
</prefixDef>

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Any number of prefixDef elements may be provided for the same prefix. A processor may decide to process one or all of them; if it processes only one, it should choose the first one with the correct ident value, so the primary or most important prefixDef for any given prefix should appear first in its parent listPrefixDef.

When creating private URI schemes, it is recommended that you avoid using any existing registered prefix. A list of registered prefixes is maintained by IANA at https://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes.html.

Note that this mechanism can also be used to dereference other abbreviated pointing systems which are based on prefixes, such as Tag URIs.

The matchPattern and replacementPattern attributes are also used in dereferencing canonical reference patterns, and further examples of the use of regular expressions are shown in 17.2.5. Canonical References.

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TEI: TEI XPointer Schemes⚓︎17.2.4. TEI XPointer Schemes

The pointing schemes described in this chapter are part of a number of such schemes envisaged by the W3C, which together constitute a framework for addressing data within XML documents, known as the XPointer Framework (Grosso et al 2003). This framework permits the definition of many other named addressing methods, each of which is known as an XPointer Scheme. The W3C has predefined a set of such schemes, and maintains a register for their expansion.

One important scheme, also defined by the W3C, and recommended by these Guidelines is the xpath() pointer scheme, which allows for any part of an XML structure to be selected using the syntax defined by the XPath specification. This is further discussed below, 17.2.4.2. xpath(). These Guidelines also define six other pointer schemes, which provide access to parts of an XML document such as points within data content or stretches of data content. These additional TEI pointer schemes are defined in sections 17.2.4.3. left() to 17.2.4.8. match() below.

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TEI: Introduction to TEI Pointers⚓︎17.2.4.1. Introduction to TEI Pointers

Before discussing the TEI pointer schemes, we introduce slightly more formally the terminology used to define them. So far, we have discussed only ways of pointing at components of the XML information set node such as elements and attributes. However, there is often a need in text analysis to address additional types of location such as the ‘point’ locations between ‘nodes’, and ‘sequences’ that may arbitrarily cross the boundaries of nodes in a document. The content of an XML document is organized sequentially as well as hierarchically, and it makes sense to consider ranges of characters within a document independently of the nodes to which they belong. From the perspective of most of the pointer schemes discussed below, a TEI document is a tree structure superimposed upon a character stream. Nodes are entities available only in the tree, while points are available only in the stream. For this reason, the schemes below that rely upon character positions (string-index(), string-range(), and match()) cannot take nodes into account. Conversely, XPath (disregarding functions that return atomic values) is a method for locating nodes in the tree and treats those nodes as indivisible units, meaning it is unable to address parts of nodes in their document context.

The TEI pointer scheme thus distinguishes the following kinds of object:

Node

A node is an instance of one of the node kinds defined in the XQuery and XPath Data Model 3.1. It represents a single item in the XML information set for a document. For pointing purposes, the only nodes that are of interest are Text Nodes, Element Nodes, and Attribute Nodes.

Sequence

A Sequence follows the definition in the XPath 3.1 Data Model, with one alteration. A Sequence is an ordered collection of zero or more items, where an item is either a node or a partial text node.

Text Stream

A Text Stream is the concatenation of the text nodes in a document and behaves as though all tags had been removed. A text stream begins at a reference node and encompasses all of the text inside that node (if any) and all the text following it in document order. In XPath terms, this would encompass all of the text nodes beginning at a particular node, and following it on the following axis.

Point

A Point represents a dimensionless point between nodes or characters in a document. Every point is adjacent to either characters or elements, and never to another point. Points can only be referenced in relation to an element or text node in the document (i.e. something addressable by either an XPath or a fragment identifier). Points occur either immediately before or after an element, or at a numbered position inside a text stream. Position zero in the stream would be immediately before the first character. Note that points within attribute values cannot mark the beginning or end of a range extending beyond the attribute value, because points indicate a position within a document. Since attribute nodes are by definition un-ordered, they cannot be said to have a fixed position.

The TEI recommends the following seven pointer schemes:

xpath()

Addresses a node or node sequence using the XPath syntax. (17.2.4.2. xpath())

left() and right()

addresses the point before (left) or after (right) a node or node sequence (17.2.4.3. left() and 17.2.4.4. right())

string-index()

addresses a point inside a text node (17.2.4.5. string-index()

range()

addresses the range between two points (17.2.4.6. range())

string-range()

addresses a range of a specified length starting from a specified point (17.2.4.7. string-range())

match()

addresses a range which matches a specified string within a node (17.2.4.8. match())

The xpath() scheme refers to the existing XPath specification which is adopted with one modification: the default namespace for any XPath used as a parameter to this scheme is assumed to be the TEI namespace http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0.

The other six schemes overlap in functionality with a W3C draft specification known as the XPointer scheme draft, but are individually much simpler. At the time of this writing, there is no current or scheduled activity at the W3C towards revising this draft or issuing it as a recommendation.

A note on namespaces: The W3C defines an xmlns() scheme (see XPointer xmlns() Scheme) which when prepended to a resolvable pointer allows for the definition of namespace prefixes to be used in XPaths in subsequent pointers. TEI Pointer schemes assume that un-prefixed element names in TEI Pointer XPaths are in the TEI namespace, http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0. The use of xmlns() is thus optional, provided no new prefixes need to be defined. If the schemes described here are used to address non-TEI elements, then any new prefixes to be used in pointer XPaths may be defined using the xmlns() scheme.

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TEI: xpath()⚓︎17.2.4.2. xpath()

Sequence xpath(XPATH)

The xpath() scheme locates zero or more nodes within an XML Information Set. The single argument XPATH is an XPath selection pattern, as defined in XSLT 3.0, that returns a node or sequence of nodes. XPaths returning atomic values (e.g. substring()) are illegal in the xpath() scheme because they represent extracted values rather than locations in the source document. Because the schemes below involve starting at a node and navigating from there, and because attribute nodes have no intrinsic order, XPath expressions that address attribute nodes should be avoided in schemes other than xpath().

The example below, and all subsequent examples in this section refer to the following TEI fragment:

<div xml:lang="la" type="edition"
 xml:space="preserve"><ab> <lb n="1" xml:id="line1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied> non <choice><reg>habui</reg><orig>abui</orig></choice> quidquam vaco  <lb n="2"/>si<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>b<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>    cohort<unclear>e</unclear> mi rescribas  <lb n="3"/><unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in <choice><reg>mente</reg><orig>mentem</orig></choice>    <choice><reg>habe</reg><orig>abe</orig></choice> supra res  <lb n="4"/>scriptas<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"
 unit="character"/>  <lb n="5"/>auge et opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas</ab>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

A TEI Pointer that referenced the reg element in the choice in line 1 of the example might look like:
#xpath(//lb[@n='1']/following-sibling::choice[1]/reg). Note that XPath values must be assumed to start from the document root. They cannot be relative to the element bearing the attribute that uses the pointer because TEI Pointers are URIs. Care should be taken to ensure that XPaths used in TEI Pointers match only a single node, unless multiple matches are desired. The examples that follow are relatively simple because the document they refer to is short and does not contain many elements.

When an XPath is interpreted by a TEI processor, the information set of the referenced document is interpreted without any additional information supplied by any schema processing that may or may not be present. In particular this means that no whitespace normalization is applied to a document before the XPath is interpreted.

This pointer scheme allows easy, direct use of the most widely-implemented XML query method. It is probably the most robust pointing mechanism for the common situation of selecting an XML element or its contents where an xml:id is not present. The ability to use element names and attribute names and values makes xpath() pointers more robust than the other mechanisms discussed in this section even if the designated document changes. For durability in the presence of editing, use of xml:id is always recommended when possible.

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TEI: left()⚓︎17.2.4.3. left()

Point left( IDREF | XPATH )

The left() scheme locates the point immediately preceding the node addressed by its argument, which is either an XPATH as defined above or an IDREF, the value of an xml:id occurring in the document addressed by the base URI in effect for the pointer.

Example: the pointer #left(//supplied[1]) indicates the point between the first lb and the first supplied in the example above.

Example: #left(//gap[1]) indicates the point immediately before the first gap element in line two and the string si.

Example: #left(line1) indicates the point immediately before the <lb n="1"> element.

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TEI: right()⚓︎17.2.4.4. right()

Point right( IDREF | XPATH )

The right() scheme locates the point immediately following the node addressed by its argument.

Example: the pointer #right(//lb[@n='3']) indicates the point between the third lb and the <unclear>s</unclear> element in the example.

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TEI: string-index()⚓︎17.2.4.5. string-index()

Point string-index( IDREF | XPATH, OFFSET )

The string-index() scheme locates a point based on character positions in a text stream relative to the node identified by the IDREF or XPATH parameter. The OFFSET parameter is a positive, negative, or zero integer which determines the position of the point. An offset of 0 represents the position immediately before the first character in either the first text node descendant of the node addressed in the first parameter or the first following text node, if the addressed element contains no text node descendants.

Example: #string-index(//lb[@n='2'],1) indicates the point between the ‘s’ and the ‘i’ in the word ‘si’ in line 2.

Note: The OFFSET parameter (and similarly the LENGTH parameter found below in the string-range() scheme) are measured in characters. What is considered a single character will depend on the Normalization Form in use (see UNICODE NORMALIZATION FORMS). A letter followed by a combining diacritic counts as two characters, but the same diacritic precombined with a letter would count as a single character. Compare, for example, é (U+0060 followed by U+0301) and é (>U+00E9). These are equivalent, and a conversion between Normalization Forms C and D will transform one into the other. This specification does not mandate a particular Normalization Form (see Precomposed and Combining Characters and Normalization), but users and implementers should be aware that it affects the character count and therefore the result of evaluating pointers that rely on character counting.

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TEI: range()⚓︎17.2.4.6. range()

Sequence range( POINTER, POINTER[, POINTER, POINTER ...])

The range() scheme takes as parameters one or more pairs of POINTERs, which are each members of the set IDREF, XPATH, left(), right(), or string-index(). A range() locates a (possibly non-contiguous) sequence beginning at the first POINTER parameter and ending at the last. If a POINTER locates a node (i.e. is an XPATH or IDREF), then that node is a member of the addressed sequence. If a sequence addressed by a range pointer overlaps, but does not wholly contain, an element (i.e. it contains only the start but not the end tag or vice-versa), then that element is not part of the sequence.

Range()s may address sequences of non-contiguous nodes. For example, a range() might select text beginning before an app, encompassing the content of a single rdg and continuing after the app.

Example: #range(left(//lb[@n='3']),left(//lb[@n='4'])) indicates the whole of line 3 from the <lb n="3"/> to the point right before the following <lb n="4"/>.

Example: #range(right(//lb[@n='3']),string-index(//lb[@n='3'],15)) indicates the sequence <unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in mente (an element, a text node, another element, and a partial text node).

Example: #range(string-index(//lb[@n='3'],7),string-index(//lb[@n='3'],10),string-index(//lb[@n='3'],15),string-index(//lb[@n='3'],21)) indicates the non-contiguous sequence ‘in mentem’.

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TEI: string-range()⚓︎17.2.4.7. string-range()

Sequence string-range(IDREF | XPATH, OFFSET, LENGTH[, OFFSET, LENGTH ...])

The string-range() scheme locates a sequence based on character positions in a text stream relative to the node identified by the first parameter. The location of the beginning of the addressed sequence is determined precisely as for string-index(). The OFFSET parameter is defined as above in string-index(). The LENGTH parameter is a positive integer that denotes the length of the text stream captured by the sequence. As with range(), the addressed sequence may contain text nodes and elements. The string-range() scheme can accept multiple OFFSET, LENGTH pairs to address a non-contiguous sequence in much the same way that range() can accept multiple pairs of pointers.

Because string-range() addresses points in the text stream, tags are invisible to it. For example, if an empty tag like lb is encountered while processing a string-range(), it will be included in the resulting sequence, but the LENGTH count will not increment when it is captured.

Example: #string-range(//lb[@n='5'],0,27) indicates the whole of line 5 from the text immediately following the lb to the point right before the closing ab tag.

Example: #string-range(//lb[@n='3'],7,8) indicates the sequence ‘in mente’.

Example: #string-range(//lb[@n='3'],7,3,15,6) indicates the non-contiguous sequence ‘in mentem’.

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TEI: match()⚓︎17.2.4.8. match()

Sequence match(IDREF | XPATH, 'REGEX' [, INDEX])

The match scheme locates a sequence based on matching the REGEX parameter against a text stream relative to the reference node identified by the first parameter. REGEX is a regular expression as defined by XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators (Second Edition), with some modifications:

Because the regular expression is delimited by apostrophe characters, any such characters (' or U+0027) occurring inside the expression must be escaped using the URI percent-encoding scheme %27.

Regular expressions in match() are assumed to operate in single-line mode. The end of the string to be matched against is either the end of the text contained by the element in the first parameter or the end of the document, if that parameter indicates an empty element. The meta-character ^ therefore matches the beginning of the text stream inside or following the reference node, and the meta-character $ matches the end of that stream.

The optional INDEX parameter is an integer greater than 0 which specifies which match should be chosen when there is more than one possibility. If omitted, the first match in the text stream will be used to resolve the match().

Like string-range(), match() may capture elements in the indicated sequence, even though they are ignored for purposes of evaluating the match.

Example: #match(//lb[@n='5'],'opto.*valeas') indicates the sequence opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas in line 5.

Example: #match(//lb[@n='3'],'semper') would indicate the word ‘semper’, but would not capture the unclear elements in <unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear>, just their text children.

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TEI: Canonical References⚓︎17.2.5. Canonical References

By ‘canonical’ reference we mean any means of pointing into documents, specific to a community or corpus. For example, biblical scholars might understand ‘Matt 5:7’ to mean ‘the book called Matthew, chapter 5, verse 7.’ They might then wish to translate the string ‘Matt 5:7’ into a pointer into a TEI-encoded document, selecting the element which corresponds to the seventh div element within the fifth div element within the div element with the n attribute valued ‘Matt.’

Several elements in the TEI scheme (gloss, ptr, ref, and term) bear a special attribute, cRef, just for this purpose. Using the system described in this section, an encoder may specify references to canonical works in a discipline-familiar format, and expect software to derive a complete URI from it. The value of the cRef attribute is processed as described in this section, and the resulting URI reference is treated as if it were the value of the target attribute. The cRef and target attributes are mutually exclusive: only one or the other may be specified on any given occurrence of an element.

For the cRef attribute to function as required, a mechanism is needed to define the mapping between (for example) ‘the book called Matt’ and the part of the XML structure which corresponds with it. This is provided by the refsDecl element in the TEI header, which contains an algorithm for translating a canonical reference string (like Matt 5:7) into a URI such as #xpath(//div[@n='Matt']/div[5]/div[7]). The refsDecl element is described in section 2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration; the following example is discussed in more detail below in section 17.2.5.1. Worked Example. An alternative and less verbose method is described in section 17.2.5.4. Citation Structures.

<refsDecl xml:id="biblical">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+):(.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[@n='$2']/div[@n='$3]')">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references the <q>book,</q>
   <q>chapter,</q> and <q>verse</q> parts of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[$2])">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references the <q>book</q> and
  <q>chapter</q> parts of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1'])">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references just the <q>book</q>
     part of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

⚓︎

When an application encounters a canonical reference as the value of cRef attribute, it might follow this sequence of specific steps to transform it into a URI reference:

Ascertain the correct refsDecl following the rules summarized in section 16.3.3. Summary.

For each cRefPattern element encountered in the appropriate refsDecl, in the order encountered:

match the value of the cRef attribute to the regular expression found as the value of the matchPattern attribute

if the value of the cRef attribute matches:

take the value of the replacementPattern attribute and substitute the back references ($1, $2, etc.) with the corresponding matched substrings

the result is taken as if it were a relative or absolute URI reference specified on the target attribute; i.e., it should be used as is or combined with the current xml:base attribute value as usual

no further processing of this value of the cRef attribute against the refsDecl should take place

if, however, the value of the cRef attribute does not match the regular expression specified in the value of the matchPattern attribute, proceed to the next cRefPattern

If all the cRefPattern elements are examined in turn and none matches, the pointer fails.

The regular expression language used as the value of the matchPattern attribute is that used for the pattern facet of the World Wide Web Consortium's XML Schema Language in an Appendix to XML Schema Part 2.⁶⁶ The value of the replacementPattern attribute is simply a string, except that occurrences of ‘$1’ through ‘$9’ are replaced by the corresponding substring match. Note that since a maximum of nine substring matches are permitted, the string ‘$18’ means ‘the value of the first matched substring followed by the character ‘8’’ as opposed to ‘the eighteenth matched substring’. If there is a need for an actual string including a dollar sign followed by a digit that is not supposed to be replaced, the dollar sign should be written as $$. Implementations must convert $$ to $ during processing.

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TEI: Worked Example⚓︎17.2.5.1. Worked Example

Let us presume that with the example refsDecl above, an application comes across a cRef value of Matt 5:7. The application would first apply the regular expression (.+) (.+):(.+) to ‘Matt 5:7’. This regular expression would successfully match. The first matched substring would be ‘Matt’, the second ‘5’, and the third ‘7’. The application would then apply these substrings to the pattern #xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[$2]/div[$3]), producing #xpath(//div[@n='Matt']/div[5]/div[7]).

If, however, the input string had been ‘Matt 5’, the first regular expression would not have matched. The application would have then tried the second, (.+) (.+), producing a successful match, and the matched substrings ‘Matt’ and ‘5’. It would then have substituted those matched substrings into the pattern #xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[$2]) to produce a fragment identifier indicating the referenced element.

If the input string had been ‘Matt’, neither the first nor the second regular expressions would have successfully matched. The application would have then tried the third, (.+), producing the matched substring ‘Matt’, and the URI Reference #xpath(//div[@n='Matt']).

a cRefPattern should not reference more matched substrings. For example:

<cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+):(.+)"
 replacementPattern="//div[@n='$1']/div[$2]/div[$3]/p[$4]"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

is faulty, since only three matched substrings would have been produced, but a fourth ($4) was referenced.

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TEI: Complete and Partial URI Examples⚓︎17.2.5.2. Complete and Partial URI Examples

In the above example, the value of cRef was used to generate a Fragment Identifier. An absolute URI could be generated directly, as in the following example.

<refsDecl xml:id="USC">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Cc](h(\.|ap(ter|\.)?)?)?\s*([1-9][0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1C$5.txt">
  <p>Matches most standard references to particular
     chapters of the United States Code, e.g.
  <val>11USCC7</val>, <val>17 U.S.C. Chapter 3</val>, or
  <val>14 USC Ch. 5</val>. Note that a leading zero is
     required for the title (must be two digits), but is not
     permitted for the chapter number.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Pp](re(lim(inary)?)?)?\s*[Mm](at(erial)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1T.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the preliminary material for a
     given title, e.g. <val>11USCP</val>, <val>17 U.S.C.
       Prelim Mat</val>, or <val>14 USC pm</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Aa](ppend(ix)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1A.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the appendix of a given tile,
     e.g. <val>05USCA</val>, <val>11 U.S.C. Appendix</val>,
     or <val>18 USC Append</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>The example in section 10 is taken
from <ref cRef="17 USC Ch 1">Subject Matter and Scope of
   Copyright</ref>.</p>

⚓︎

See 17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers for another related use of the matchPattern and replacementPattern attributes.

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TEI: Miscellaneous Usages⚓︎17.2.5.3. Miscellaneous Usages

Canonical reference pointers are intended for use by TEI encoders. However, this specification might be useful to the development of a process for recognizing canonical references in non-TEI documents (such as plain text documents), possibly as part of their conversion to TEI.

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TEI: Citation Structures⚓︎17.2.5.4. Citation Structures

Citation structures provide a more thorough and concise mechanism for describing canonical references and the ways those references map on to parts of a TEI document. A citeStructure element describes a single step in a reference, such as ‘Matt’, and may nest to handle multi-part references.

The equivalent structure to the set of cRefPatterns in 17.2.5.1. Worked Example would be:

<refsDecl xml:id="biblical2">
 <citeStructure unit="book"
  match="//body/div" use="@n">
  <citeStructure unit="chapter" match="div"
   use="@n" delim=" ">
   <citeStructure unit="verse" match="div"
    use="@n" delim=":"/>
  </citeStructure>
 </citeStructure>
</refsDecl>

⚓︎

An application wishing to resolve a canonical reference such as Matt 5:7 might follow this procedure:

Ascertain the correct refsDecl following the rules summarized in section 16.3.3. Summary.

Begin with the outer <citeStructure>. If it has a delim attribute and the reference begins with the value of delim then take the portion of the reference after the value of delim as input for the next child <citeStructure>.

For each nested <citeStructure>, if the input reference string contains the value of the delim, then split the string on the value of the delim attribute. If the input string does not contain delim, then stop. Take the portion of the input string after the value of delim and use it as the input string for the child <citeStructure>. After processing the outer <citeStructure>, the output will be ('Matt 5:7'), after the second, ('Matt', '5:7'). The end result will be a sequence like ('Matt','5','7').

For each item in the resulting sequence, resolve the matching node by evaluating the XPath in match with the predicate found in use, using the context of the previously matched node, if any. Start with the outer citeStructure and move to the next child <citeStructure> for each step in the sequence. For example, for the first <citeStructure>, we could construct an XPath //div[@n='Matt']. The full XPath after the reference Matt 5:7 is resolved will be //div[@n='Matt']/div[@n='5']/div[@n='7'].

One advantage citeStructure has is that it can be used to generate canonical references, using the declared citation structure to query the text structure. This means it is possible to automatically produce a list of resolvable citations for a TEI document. It also enables the automatic breaking of documents into smaller chunks for presentation and automated generation of tables of contents.

Citation structures may in addition specify how informational properties are to be extracted from the document sections they identify, using the citeData element. For example, if a TEI document is divided into chapters with a div per chapter and those chapters have titles, contained in head elements, then we might declare a citation structure for the document thus:

<citeStructure unit="chapter"
 match="/TEI/text/body/div" use="position()" delim="ch. ">
 <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
  use="head"/>
</citeStructure>

⚓︎

This specifies that chapter references are given in the form ‘ch. n’, where ‘n’ is the position of the div in the body of the document, and that we may obtain the title of the chapter (identified by the Dublin Core property title) from the chapter heading. This would, for example, enable the automated generation of a chapter listing for the document.

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TEI: Blocks, Segments, and Anchors⚓︎17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

In this section, we discuss three general purposes elements which may be used to mark and categorize both a span of text and a point within one. These elements have several uses, most notably to provide elements which can be given identifiers for use when aligning or linking to parts of a document, as discussed elsewhere in this chapter. They also provide a convenient way of extending the semantics of the TEI markup scheme in a theory-neutral manner, by providing for two neutral or ‘anonymous’ elements to which the encoder can add any meaning not supplied by other TEI defined elements.

anchor (anchor point) attaches an identifier to a point within a text, whether or not it corresponds with a textual element.

ab (anonymous block) contains any component-level unit of text, acting as a container for phrase or inter level elements analogous to, but without the same constraints as, a paragraph.

seg (arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the ‘chunk’ level.

The elements anchor, ab, and seg are members of the class att.typed, from which they inherit the following attributes:

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

The elements ab, and seg are members of the class att.fragmentable, from which they inherit the following attribute:

att.fragmentable provides attributes for representing fragmentation of a structural element, typically as a consequence of some overlapping hierarchy.

part
specifies whether or not its parent element is fragmented in some way, typically by some other overlapping structure: for example a speech which is divided between two or more verse stanzas, a paragraph which is split across a page division, a verse line which is divided between two speakers.

The seg element is also a member of the class att.segLike from which it inherits the following attribute:

att.segLike provides attributes for elements used for arbitrary segmentation.

function
(function) characterizes the function of the segment.

The anchor element may be thought of as an empty seg, or as an artifice enabling an identifier to be attached to any position in a text. Like the milestone element discussed in section 3.11. Reference Systems, it is useful where multiple views of a document are to be combined, for example, when a logical view based on paragraphs or verse lines is to be mapped on to a physical view based on manuscript lines. Like those elements, it is a member of the class model.global and can therefore appear anywhere within a document when the module defined by this chapter is included in a schema. Unlike the other elements in its class, the anchor element is primarily intended to mark an arbitrary point used for alignment, or as the target of a spanning element such as those discussed in section 12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions, rather than as a means of marking segment boundaries for some arbitrary segmentation of a text.

For example, suppose that we wish to mark the end of the fifth word following each occurrence of some term in a particular text, perhaps to assist with some collocational analysis. This can most easily be done with the help of the anchor element, as follows:

English language. Except for not very<anchor xml:id="eng1"/>
English at all at the time<anchor xml:id="eng2"/>
English was still full of flaws<anchor xml:id="eng3"/>
English. This was revised by young
<anchor xml:id="eng4"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

In section 17.5.1. Correspondence we discuss ways in which these anchor points might be used to represent an alignment such as one might get in a keyword-in-context concordance.

The seg element may be used at the encoder's discretion to mark almost any segment of the text of interest for processing. One use of the element is to mark text features for which no appropriate markup is otherwise defined, i.e. as a simple extension mechanism. Another use is to provide an identifier for some segment which is to be pointed at by some other element, i.e. to provide a target, or a part of a target, for a ptr or other similar element.

Several examples of uses for the seg element are provided elsewhere in these Guidelines. For example:

as a means of marking segments significant in a metrical or rhyming analysis (see section 6.4. Rhyme and Metrical Analysis)

as a means of marking typographic lines in drama (see section 7.2. The Body of a Performance Text) or title pages (see section 4.6. Title Pages)

as a means of marking prosody- or pause-defined units in transcribed speech (see section 8.4.1. Segmentation)

as a means of marking linguistic or other analyses in a theory-neutral manner (see chapter 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms passim)

In the following simple example, the seg element simply delimits the extent of a stutter, a textual feature for which no element is provided in these Guidelines.

<q>Don't say <q>
  <seg type="stutter">I-I-I</seg>'m afraid,</q> Melvin, just say <q>I'm
   afraid.</q>
</q>

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The seg element is particularly useful for the markup of linguistically significant constituents such as the phrases that may be the output of an automatic parsing system. This example also demonstrates the use of the xml:id attribute to carry an identifier which other parts of a document may use to point to, or align with:

<seg xml:id="bl0034" type="sentence">
 <seg xml:id="bl0034.1" type="phrase">Literate and illiterate speech</seg>
 <seg xml:id="bl0034.2" type="phrase">in a language like English</seg>
 <seg xml:id="bl0034.3" type="phrase">are plainly different.</seg>
</seg>

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As the above example shows, seg elements may be nested directly within one another, to any degree of analysis considered appropriate. This is taken a little further in the following example, where the type and subtype attributes have been used to further categorize each word of the sentence (the xml:id attributes have been removed to reduce the complexity of the example):

<seg type="sentence" subtype="declarative">
 <seg type="phrase" subtype="noun">
  <seg type="word" subtype="adjective">Literate</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="conjunction">and</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="adjective">illiterate</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="noun">speech</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="phrase" subtype="preposition">
  <seg type="word" subtype="preposition">in</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="article">a</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="noun">language</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="preposition">like</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="noun">English</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="phrase" subtype="verb">
  <seg type="word" subtype="verb">are</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="adverb">plainly</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="adjective">different</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="punct">.</seg>
</seg>

⚓︎

(The example values shown are chosen for simplicity of comprehension, rather than verisimilitude). It should also be noted that specialized segment elements are defined in section 18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories to facilitate this particular kind of analysis. These allow for the explicit markup of units called s-units, clauses, phrases, words, morphemes, and characters, which may be felt preferable to the more generic approach typified by use of the seg element. Using these, the first phrase above might be encoded simply as

<phr type="noun">
 <w type="adjective">Literate</w>
 <w type="conjunction">and</w>
 <w type="adjective">illiterate</w>
 <w type="noun">speech</w>
</phr>

⚓︎

Note the way in which the type attribute of these specialized elements now carries the value carried by the subtype attribute of the more general seg element. For an analysis not using these traditional linguistic categories however, the seg element provides a simple but powerful mechanism.

In language corpora and similar material, the seg element may be used to provide an end-to-end segmentation as an alternative to the more specific s element proposed in chapter 18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories for the markup of orthographic sentences, or s-units. However, it may be more useful to use the s element for this purpose, since this means that the seg element can then be used to mark both features within s-units and segments composed of s-units, as in the following example:⁶⁷

<seg xml:id="s1s3" type="narrative_unit">
 <s xml:id="s1">Sigmund, the <seg type="patronymic">son of Volsung</seg>,
   was a king in Frankish country.</s>
 <s xml:id="s2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
 <s xml:id="s3"> ... </s>
</seg>

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Like other elements, the seg tag must be properly enclosed within other elements. Thus, a single seg element can be used to group together words in different sentences only if the sentences are not themselves tagged. The first of the following two encodings is legal, but the second is not.

Give me <seg type="phrase">a dozen. Or two or three.</seg>

⚓︎

<!-- Illegal! -->
<s>Give me <seg type="phrase">a dozen.</s>
<s>Or two or three.</s></seg>⚓

The part attribute may be used as one simple method of overcoming this restriction:

<s>Give me <seg type="phrase" part="I">a dozen.</seg>
</s>
<s>
 <seg part="F">Or two or three.</seg>
</s>

⚓︎

Another solution is to use the join element discussed in section 17.7. Aggregation; this requires that each of the seg elements be given an identifier. For further discussion of this generic encoding problem, see also chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures.

The seg element has the same content as a paragraph in prose: it can therefore be used to group together consecutive sequences of model.inter class elements, such as lists, quotations, notes, stage directions, etc. as well as to contain sequences of phrase-level elements. It cannot however be used to group together sequences of paragraphs or similar text units such as verse lines; for this purpose, the encoder should use intermediate pointers, as described in section 17.1.4. Intermediate Pointers or the methods described in section 17.7. Aggregation. It is particularly important that the encoder provide a clear description of the principles by which a text has been segmented, and the way in which that segmentation is represented. This should include a description of the method used and the significance of any categorization codes. The description should be provided as a series of paragraphs within the segmentation element of the encoding description in the TEI header, as described in section 2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration.

The seg element may also be used to encode simultaneous or mutually exclusive variants of a text when the more special purpose elements for simple editorial changes, abbreviation and expansion, addition and deletion, or for a critical apparatus are not appropriate. In these circumstances, one seg is encoded for each possible variant, and the set of them is enclosed in a choice element.

For example, if one were writing dual-platform instructions for installation of software, it might be useful to use seg to record platform-specific pieces of mutually exclusive text.

…pressing <choice>
 <seg type="platform" subtype="Mac">option</seg>
 <seg type="platform" subtype="PC">alt</seg>
</choice>-f will …

⚓︎

Elsewhere in this chapter we provide a number of examples where the seg element is used simply to provide an element to which an identifier may be attached, for example so that another segment may be linked or related to it in some way.

The ab (anonymous block) element functions like the seg element, but is used for portions of the text which occur at the chunk level (See 1.3.2.1. Informal Element Classifications ). It is therefore a member of the model.pLike class. Like seg, but unlike p, ab may nest within other ab elements. So it may be used to represent texts with irregular chunk-level structures.

Probably the most common use for ab is as a container for text that does not naturally belong in a paragraph. The text of an epitaph, for example, may not be paragraph-like, but still requires a container:

<ab style="text-align: center;">
 <lb/>SACRED
<lb/>to the memory of
<lb/>
 <abbr>M<hi rend="superscript">rs</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> ALICE HUTTON
<lb/>born at Che<g ref="#long-s">s</g>terfield in
<lb/>Great Britain,
<lb/>
 <abbr>Jan<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>25<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1722:
<lb/>and died in Carolina
<lb/>
 <abbr>Sept<hi rend="superscript">r</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>26<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1777.
<lb/>This <g ref="#long-s">s</g>tone
<lb/>is placed by her only Child
<lb/>ANN BOOTH POLLOK
</ab>

⚓︎

Encoders may also prefer to treat other types of short documents, such as receipts, in this way.

The ab element may also be used, for example, to tag the canonical verse divisions of Biblical texts:

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>The First Book of Moses, Called</head>
 <head type="main">Genesis</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <ab n="1">In the beginning God created the heaven and the
     earth.</ab>
  <ab n="2">And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness
  <hi>was</hi> upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God
     moved upon the face of the waters.</ab>
  <ab n="3">And God said, Let there be light: and there was
     light.</ab>
 </div2>
</div1>

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In other cases, where the text clearly indicates paragraph divisions containing one or more verses, the p element may be used to tag the paragraphs, and the seg element used to subdivide them. The ab element is provided as an alternative to the p element; it may not be used within paragraphs. The seg element, by contrast, may appear only within and not between paragraphs (or anonymous block elements).

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>Das Erste Buch Mose.</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <p>
   <seg n="1">Am Anfang schuff Gott Himel vnd Erden.</seg>
   <seg n="2">Vnd die Erde war wüst vnd leer / vnd es war
       finster auff der Tieffe / Vnd der Geist Gottes schwebet auff
       dem Wasser.</seg>
  </p>
  <p>
   <seg n="3">Vnd Gott sprach / Es werde Liecht / Vnd es ward
       Liecht.</seg>
  </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

bibliography ⚓︎

The ab element is also useful for marking dramatic speeches when it is not clear whether the speech is to be regarded as prose or verse. If, for example, an encoder does not wish to express an opinion as to whether the opening lines of Shakespeare's The Tempest are to be regarded as prose or as verse, they might be tagged as follows:

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting"> A tempestuous noise of
     Thunder and Lightning heard:
     Enter a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall too't, yarely,
       or we run our selues a ground, bestirre, bestirre.
   <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare, yare:
       Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle: Blow
       till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

bibliography ⚓︎

See further 3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama and 7.2.5. Speech Contents.

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TEI: Synchronization⚓︎17.4. Synchronization

In the previous section we discussed two particular kinds of alignment: alignment of parallel texts in different languages; and alignment of texts and portions of an image. In this section we address another specialized form of alignment: synchronization. The need to mark the relative positions of text components with respect to time arises most naturally and frequently in transcribed spoken texts, but it may arise in any text in which quoted speech occurs, or events are described within a time frame. The methods described here are also generalizable for other kinds of alignment (for example, alignment of text elements with respect to space).

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TEI: Aligning Synchronous Events⚓︎17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

Provided that explicit elements are available to represent the parts or places to be synchronized, then the global linking attribute synch may be used to encode such synchronization, once it has been identified.

att.global.linking provides a set of attributes for hypertextual linking.

synch
(synchronous) points to elements that are synchronous with the current element.

This is another of the attributes made globally available by the mechanism described in the introduction to this chapter. Alternatively, the link and linkGrp elements may be used to make explicit the fact that the synchronous elements are aligned.

To illustrate the use of these mechanisms for marking synchrony, consider the following representation of a spoken text:

B: The first time in twenty five years, we've cooked Christmas
   (unclear) for a blooming great load of people.
A: So you're [1] (unclear) [2]
B: [1] It will be [2] nice in a way, but, [3] be strange. [4]
A: [3] Yeah [4], yeah, cos it, it's [5] the [6]
B: [5] not [6]⚓

This representation uses numbers in brackets to mark the points at which speakers overlap each other. For example, the [1] in A's first speech is to be understood as coinciding with the [1] in B's second speech.⁶⁸

To encode this we use the spoken texts module, described in chapter 8. Transcriptions of Speech, together with the module described in the present chapter. First, we transcribe this text, marking the synchronous points with anchor elements, and providing a synch attribute on one of each of the pairs of synchronous anchors. As noted in the example given above (section 17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts), correspondence, and hence synchrony, is a symmetric relation; therefore the attribute need only be specified on one of the pairs of synchronous anchors.

<div xml:id="BNC-d1" type="convers">
 <u xml:id="u2b" who="#b"> The first time in twenty five years,
   we've cooked Christmas <unclear> for a blooming great
     load of people.</unclear>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u3a" who="#a">So you're
 <anchor synch="#t1b" xml:id="t1a"/>
  <unclear>
   <anchor synch="#t2b" xml:id="t2a"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u3b" who="#b">
  <anchor xml:id="t1b"/>It will be <anchor xml:id="t2b"/>
   nice in a way, but, <anchor xml:id="t3b"/>
   be strange.<anchor xml:id="t4b"/>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u4a" who="#a">
  <anchor synch="#t3b" xml:id="t3a"/>Yeah
 <anchor synch="#t4b" xml:id="t4a"/>, yeah, cos it, its
 <anchor synch="#t5b" xml:id="t5a"/>the
 <anchor synch="#t6b" xml:id="t6a"/>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u4b" who="#b">
  <anchor xml:id="t5b"/>not<anchor xml:id="t6b"/>
 </u>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

We can encode this same example using link and linkGrp elements to make the temporal alignment explicit. A back element has been used to enclose the linkGrp element, but the links may be located anywhere the encoder finds convenient:

<back>
 <linkGrp xml:id="lg1"
  domains="#BNC-d1 #BNC-d1" targFunc="speaker.a speaker.b"
  type="synchronous_alignment">
  <link xml:id="L1" target="#t1a #t1b"/>
  <link xml:id="L2" target="#t2a #t2b"/>
  <link xml:id="L3" target="#t3a #t3b"/>
  <link xml:id="l4" target="#t4a #t4b"/>
  <link xml:id="l5" target="#t5a #t5b"/>
  <link xml:id="l6" target="#t6a #t6b"/>
 </linkGrp>
</back>

bibliography ⚓︎

The xml:id attributes are provided for the link and linkGrp elements here for reasons discussed in the next section, 17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time.

As with other forms of alignment, synchronization may be expressed between stretches of speech as well as between points. When complete utterances are synchronous, for example, if one person says What? and another No! at the same time, that can be represented without anchor elements as follows.

<u synch="#u02" xml:id="u01" who="#a">What?</u>
<u xml:id="u02" who="#b">No!</u>

⚓︎

A simple way of expressing overlap (where one speaker starts speaking before another has finished) is thus to use the seg element to encode the overlapping portions of speech. For example,

<u who="#a"> So you're <unclear synch="#u-b1"/>
</u>
<u who="#b">
 <seg xml:id="u-b1"> It will be </seg> nice in a way, but,
<seg synch="#u-a3"> be strange. </seg>
</u>
<u who="#a">
 <seg xml:id="u-a3"> Yeah </seg>, yeah, cos it,
its <seg synch="#u-b2"> the </seg>
</u>
<u xml:id="u-b2" who="#b"> not </u>

⚓︎

Note in this encoding how synchronization has been effected between an empty unclear element and the content of a seg element, and between the content of a u element and that of another seg, using the synch attribute. Alternatively, a linkGrp could be used in the same way as above.

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TEI: Placing Synchronous Events in Time⚓︎17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time

A synchronous alignment specifies which points in a spoken text occur at the same time, and the order in which they occur, but does not say at what time those points actually occur. If that information is available to the encoder it can be represented by means of the when and timeline elements, whose description and attributes are the following:

when indicates a point in time either relative to other elements in the same timeline tag, or absolutely.

absolute | supplies an absolute value for the time.
interval | specifies a time interval either as a number or as one of the keywords defined by the datatype teidata.interval.
unit | specifies the unit of time in which the interval value is expressed, if this is not inherited from the parent timeline. Suggested values include: 1] d (days); 2] h (hours); 3] min (minutes); 4] s (seconds); 5] ms (milliseconds)
since | identifies the reference point for determining the time of the current when element, which is obtained by adding the interval to the time of the reference point.

timeline (timeline) provides a set of ordered points in time which can be linked to elements of a spoken text to create a temporal alignment of that text.

origin | designates the origin of the timeline, i.e. the time at which it begins.
interval | specifies a time interval either as a positive integral value or using one of a set of predefined codes.
unit | specifies the unit of time corresponding to the interval value of the timeline or of its constituent points in time. Suggested values include: 1] d (days); 2] h (hours); 3] min (minutes); 4] s (seconds); 5] ms (milliseconds)

Each when element indicates a point in time, either directly by means of the absolute attribute, whose value is a string which specifies a particular time, or indirectly by means of the since attribute, which points to another when. If the since is used, then the interval and unit attributes should also be used to indicate the amount of time that has elapsed since the time specified by the element pointed to by the since attribute; the value -1 can be given to indicate that the interval is unknown.

If the when elements are uniformly spaced in time, then the interval and unit values need be given once in the timeline, and not repeated in any of the when elements. If the intervals vary, but the units are all the same, then the unit attribute alone can be given in the timeline element, and the interval attribute given in the when element.

The origin attribute in the timeline element points to a when element which specifies the reference or origin for the timings within the timeline; this must, of course, specify its position in time absolutely. If the origin of a timeline is unknown, then this attribute may be omitted.

The following timeline might be used to accompany the marked up conversation shown in the preceding section:

<timeline xml:id="tL1" origin="#w0"
 unit="ms">
 <when xml:id="w0" absolute="11:30:00"/>
 <when xml:id="w1" interval="unknown"
  since="#w0"/>
 <when xml:id="w2" interval="100"
  since="#w1"/>
 <when xml:id="w3" interval="200"
  since="#w2"/>
 <when xml:id="w4" interval="150"
  since="#w3"/>
 <when xml:id="w5" interval="250"
  since="#w4"/>
 <when xml:id="w6" interval="100"
  since="#w5"/>
</timeline>

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The information in this timeline could now be linked to the information in the linkGrp which provides the temporal alignment (synchronization) for the text, as follows:

<linkGrp type="temporal_specification"
 domains="#lg1 #tL1" targFunc="synch.points when">
 <link target="#L1 #w1"/>
 <link target="#L2 #w2"/>
 <link target="#L3 #w3"/>
 <link target="#l4 #w4"/>
 <link target="#l5 #w5"/>
 <link target="#l6 #w6"/>
</linkGrp>

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To avoid the need for two distinct link groups (one marking the synchronization of anchors with each other, and the other marking their alignment with points on the time line) it would be better to link the when elements with the synchronous points directly:

<linkGrp type="temporal_specification"
 domains="#BNC-d1 #BNC-d1 #tL1" targFunc="speaker.a speaker.b when">
 <link target="#t1a #t1b #w1"/>
 <link target="#t2a #t2b #w2"/>
 <link target="#t3a #t3b #w3"/>
 <link target="#t4a #t4b #w4"/>
 <link target="#t5a #t5b #w5"/>
 <link target="#t6a #t6b #w6"/>
</linkGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

Finally, suppose that a digitized audio recording is also available, and an XML file that assigns identifiers to the various temporal spans of sound is available. For example, the following Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") fragment:

<audio xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language" src="rtsp://soundstage.pi.cnr.it:554/home/az/bncSound/xmas4lots.mp3"
 xml:id="au1" begin="05.2s"/>
<audio xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language" src="rtsp://soundstage.pi.cnr.it:554/home/az/bncSound/xmas4lots.mp3"
 xml:id="au2" begin="05.7s"/>
<audio xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language" src="rtsp://soundstage.pi.cnr.it:554/home/az/bncSound/xmas4lots.mp3"
 xml:id="au3" begin="05.9s"/>
<audio xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language" src="rtsp://soundstage.pi.cnr.it:554/home/az/bncSound/xmas4lots.mp3"
 xml:id="au4" begin="06.3s"/>
<audio xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language" src="rtsp://soundstage.pi.cnr.it:554/home/az/bncSound/xmas4lots.mp3"
 xml:id="au5" begin="06.9s"/>
<audio xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language" src="rtsp://soundstage.pi.cnr.it:554/home/az/bncSound/xmas4lots.mp3"
 xml:id="au6" begin="07.4s"/>

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URIs pointing to the <audio> elements could also be included as a fourth component in each of the above link elements, thus providing a synchronized audio track to complement the transcribed text.

For further discussion of this and related aspects of encoding transcribed speech, refer to chapter 8. Transcriptions of Speech.

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TEI: Correspondence and Alignment⚓︎17.5. Correspondence and Alignment

In this section we introduce the notions of correspondence, expressed by the corresp attribute, and of alignment, which is a special kind of correspondence involving an ordered set of correspondences. Both cases may be represented using the link and linkGrp elements introduced in section 17.1. Links. We also discuss the special case of alignment in time or synchronization, for which special purpose elements are proposed in section 17.4. Synchronization.

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TEI: Correspondence⚓︎17.5.1. Correspondence

A common requirement in text analysis is to represent correspondences between two or more parts of a single document, or between places in different documents. Provided that explicit elements are available to represent the parts or places to be linked, then the global linking attribute corresp may be used to encode such correspondence, once it has been identified.

att.global.linking provides a set of attributes for hypertextual linking.

corresp
(corresponds) points to elements that correspond to the current element in some way.

This is one of the attributes made available by the mechanism described in the introduction to this chapter (17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment). Correspondence can also be expressed by means of the link element introduced in section 17.1. Links.

Where the correspondence is between spans, the seg element should be used, if no other element is available. Where the correspondence is between points, the anchor element should be used, if no other element is available.

The use of the corresp attribute with spans of content is illustrated by the following example:

<title xml:id="SHIRLEY">Shirley</title>, which made
its Friday night debut only a month ago, was
not listed on <name xml:id="NBC">NBC</name>'s new schedule,
although <seg corresp="#NBC" xml:id="NETWORK">the network</seg>
says <seg corresp="#SHIRLEY" xml:id="SHOW">the show</seg>
still is being considered.

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Here the anaphoric phrases the network and the show have been associated directly with the elements to which they refer by means of corresp attributes. This mechanism is simple to apply, but has the drawback that it is not possible to specify more exactly what kind of correspondence is intended. Where this attribute is used, therefore, encoders are encouraged to specify their intent in the associated encoding description in the TEI header.

Essentially, what the corresp attribute does is to specify that elements bearing this attribute and those to which the attribute points are doubly linked. In the example above, the use of the corresp attribute indicates that the seg element containing ‘the show’ and the title element containing ‘Shirley’ correspond to each other: the correspondence relationship is not ‘from’ one to the other, but ‘between’ the two objects. It is thus different from the target attribute, and provides functionality more similar to that of the link and linkGrp elements defined in section 17.1. Links, although it lacks the ability to indicate more precisely what kind of correspondence is intended as in the following retagging of the preceding example.

<title xml:id="shirley">Shirley</title>, which made
its Friday night debut only a month ago, was not
listed on <name xml:id="nbc">NBC</name>'s new schedule,
although <seg xml:id="network">the network</seg> says
<seg xml:id="show">the show</seg> still is being considered.

<linkGrp type="anaphoric_link"
 targFunc="antecedent anaphor">
 <link target="#shirley #show"/>
 <link target="#nbc #network"/>
</linkGrp>

⚓︎

In the following example, we use the same mechanism to express a correspondence amongst the anchors introduced following the fifth word after English in a text:

English language. Except for not very<anchor xml:id="en1"/>
<!-- ... -->
English at all at the time
<anchor xml:id="en2"/>
<!-- ... -->
English was still full of flaws
<anchor xml:id="en3"/>
<!-- ... -->
English. This was revised by young
<anchor xml:id="en4"/>
<!-- ... -->
<linkGrp type="five-word_collocates">
 <link type="collocates_of_ENGLISH"
  target="#en1 #en2 #en3 #en4"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

⚓︎

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TEI: Alignment of Parallel Texts⚓︎17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

One very important application area for the alignment of parallel texts is multilingual corpora. Consider, for example, the need to align ‘translation pairs’ of sentences drawn from a corpus such as the Canadian Hansard, in which each sentence is given in both English and French. Concerning this problem, Gale and Church write:

Most English sentences match exactly one French sentence, but it is possible for an English sentence to match two or more French sentences. The first two English sentences [in the example below] illustrate a particularly hard case where two English sentences align to two French sentences. No smaller alignments are possible because the clause ‘...sales...were higher...’ in the first English sentence corresponds to (part of) the second French sentence. The next two alignments ... illustrate the more typical case where one English sentence aligns with exactly one French sentence. The final alignment matches two English sentences to a single French sentence. These alignments [which were produced by a computer program] agreed with the results produced by a human judge.⁶⁹

The alignment produced by Gale and Church's program can be expressed in four different ways. The encoder must first decide whether to represent the alignment in terms of points within each text (using the anchor element) or in terms of whole stretches of text, using the seg element. To some extent the choice will depend on the process by which the software works out where alignment occurs, and the intention of the encoder. Secondly, the encoder may elect to represent the actual encoding using either corresp attributes attached to the individual anchor or seg elements, or using a free-standing linkGrp element.

We present first a solution using anchor elements bearing only corresp attributes:

<div xml:lang="en" type="subsection">
 <p>
  <anchor corresp="#fa1" xml:id="ea1"/>According to our survey, 1988
   sales of mineral water and soft drinks were much higher than in 1987,
   reflecting the growing popularity of these products. Cola drink
   manufacturers in particular achieved above-average growth rates.
 <anchor corresp="#fa2" xml:id="ea2"/>The higher turnover was largely
   due to an increase in the sales volume.
 <anchor corresp="#fa3" xml:id="ea3"/>Employment and investment levels also climbed.
 <anchor corresp="#fa4" xml:id="ea4"/>Following a two-year transitional period,
   the new Foodstuffs Ordinance for Mineral Water came into effect on
   April 1, 1988. Specifically, it contains more stringent requirements
   regarding quality consistency and purity guarantees.</p>
</div>
<div xml:lang="fr" type="subsection">
 <p>
  <anchor corresp="#ea1" xml:id="fa1"/>Quant aux eaux minérales
   et aux limonades, elles rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes. En effet,
   notre sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement supérieures
   à celles de 1987, pour les boissons à base de cola
   notamment. <anchor corresp="#ea2" xml:id="fa2"/>La progression des
   chiffres d'affaires résulte en grande partie de l'accroissement
   du volume des ventes. <anchor corresp="#ea3" xml:id="fa3"/>L'emploi et
   les investissements ont également augmenté.
 <anchor corresp="#ea4" xml:id="fa4"/>La nouvelle ordonnance fédérale
   sur les denrées alimentaires concernant entre autres les eaux
   minérales, entrée en vigueur le 1er avril 1988 après
   une période transitoire de deux ans, exige surtout une plus
   grande constance dans la qualité et une garantie de la
   pureté.</p>
</div>

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There is no requirement that the corresp attribute be specified in both English and French texts, since (as noted above) this attribute is defined as representing a mutual association. However, it may simplify processing to do so, and also avoids giving the impression that the English is translating the French, or vice versa. More seriously, this encoding does not make explicit that it is in fact the entire stretch of text between the anchors which is being aligned, not simply the points themselves. If for example one text contained material omitted from the other, this approach would not be appropriate.

We now present the same passage using the alternative linkGrp mechanism and marking explicitly the segments which have been aligned:

<div xml:id="div-e" xml:lang="en"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e_1">According to our survey, 1988 sales of mineral
     water and soft drinks were much higher than in 1987,
     reflecting the growing popularity of these products. Cola
     drink manufacturers in particular achieved above-average
     growth rates.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_2">The higher turnover was largely due to an
     increase in the sales volume.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_3">Employment and investment levels also climbed.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_4">Following a two-year transitional period, the new
     Foodstuffs Ordinance for Mineral Water came into effect on
     April 1, 1988. Specifically, it contains more stringent
     requirements regarding quality consistency and purity
     guarantees.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="div-f" xml:lang="fr"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="f_1">Quant aux eaux minérales et aux limonades,
     elles rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes. En effet, notre
     sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement
     supérieures à celles de 1987, pour les
     boissons à base de cola notamment.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_2">La progression des chiffres d'affaires
     résulte en grande partie de l'accroissement du volume
     des ventes.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_3">L'emploi et les investissements ont
     également augmenté.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_4">La nouvelle ordonnance fédérale sur
     les denrées alimentaires concernant entre autres les
     eaux minérales, entrée en vigueur le 1er avril
     1988 après une période transitoire de deux
     ans, exige surtout une plus grande constance dans la
     qualité et une garantie de la pureté.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<linkGrp type="alignment"
 domains="#div-e #div-f">
 <link target="#e_1 #f_1"/>
 <link target="#e_2 #f_2"/>
 <link target="#e_3 #f_3"/>
 <link target="#e_4 #f_4"/>
</linkGrp>

⚓︎

Note that use of the ab element allows us to mark up the orthographic sentences in both languages independently of the alignment: the first translation pair in this example might be marked up as follows:

<div xml:id="english" xml:lang="en"
 type="subsection">
 <ab xml:id="english1">
  <s>According to our survey, 1988 sales of mineral water and soft
     drinks were much higher than in 1987, reflecting the growing popularity
     of these products.</s>
  <s>Cola drink manufacturers in particular achieved above-average
     growth rates.</s>
 </ab>
</div>
<div xml:id="french" xml:lang="fr"
 type="subsection">
 <ab xml:id="french1">
  <s xml:id="fs1">Quant aux eaux minérales et aux limonades, elles
     rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes.</s>
  <s xml:id="fs2">En effet, notre sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement
     supérieures à celles de 1987, pour les boissons à
     base de cola notamment.</s>
 </ab>
</div>

⚓︎

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TEI: A Three-way Alignment⚓︎17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

The preceding encoding of the alignment of parallel passages from two texts requires that those texts and the alignment all be part of the same document. If the texts are in separate documents, then complete URIs, whether absolute or relative (section 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment), will be required. These external pointers may appear anywhere within the document, but if they are created solely for use in encoding links, they may for convenience be grouped within the linkGrp (or other grouping element that uses them for linking).

To demonstrate this facility, we consider how we might encode the alignments in an extract from Comenius' Orbis Sensualium Pictus, in the English translation of Charles Hoole (1659).

Each topic covered in this work has three parts: a picture, a prose text in Latin describing the topic, and a carefully-aligned translation of the Latin into English, German, or some other vernacular. Key terms in the two texts are typographically distinct, and are linked to the picture by numbers, which appear in the two texts and within the picture as well.

First, we consider the text portions. The English and Latin portions have been encoded as distinct div elements. Identifiers have been attached to each typographic line, but no other encoding added, to simplify the example.

<div xml:id="e98" xml:lang="en"
 type="lesson">
 <head>The Study</head>
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e9801">The Study</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9802">is a place</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9803">where a Student,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9804">a part from men,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9805">sitteth alone,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9806">addicted to his Studies,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9807">whilst he readeth</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9808">Books,</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="l98" xml:lang="la"
 type="lesson">
 <head>Muséum</head>
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="l9801">Museum</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9802">est locus</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9803">ubi Studiosus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9804">secretus ab hominibus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9805">solus sedet,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9806">Studiis deditus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9807">dum lectitat</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9808">Libros,</seg>
 </p>
</div>

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Next we consider the non-textual parts of the page. Encoding this requires providing two distinct components: firstly a digitized rendering of the page itself, and secondly a representation of the areas within that image which are to be aligned. In section 12.1. Digital Facsimiles we present a simple way of doing this using the TEI-defined markup for alignment of facsimiles. In the present chapter we demonstrate a more powerful means of aligning arbitrary polygons and points, which uses the XML notation SVG (see SVG). This provides appropriate facilities for both these requirements:

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
   xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
 <image xlink:href="p1764.png" width="597"
  height="897" id="p981"/>
 <rect id="p982" x="75" y="75" width="25"
  height="10"/>
 <rect id="p983" x="55" y="42" width="25"
  height="10"/>
</svg>

bibliography ⚓︎

This example of SVG defines two rectangles at the locations with the specified x and y coordinates. A view is defined on these, enabling them to be mapped by an SVG processor to the image found at the URL specified (p1764.png). It also defines unique identifiers for the whole image, and the two views of it, which we will use within our alignment, as shown next (for further discussion of the handling of images and graphics, see section 15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images; for further discussion of using non-TEI XML vocabularies such as SVG within a TEI document, see section 23.8.2. Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules).

As printed, the Comenius text exhibits three kinds of alignment.

The English and Latin portions are printed in two parallel columns, with corresponding phrases, (represented above by seg elements), more or less next to each other.

Particular words or phrases are marked as terms in the two languages by a change of rendition: the English text, which otherwise uses black letter type throughout, has the words The Study, a Student, Studies, and Books in a roman font; in the Latin text, which is printed in roman, the corresponding words (Museum, Studiosus, Studiis, and Libros) are all in italic.

Numbered labels appear within the text portions, linking keywords to each other and to sections of the picture. These labels, which have been left out of the above encoding, are attached to the first, third, and last segments in each language quoted below, and also appear (rather indistinctly) within the picture itself. Thus, the images of the study, the student, and his books are each aligned with the correct term for them in the two languages.

The first kind of alignment might be represented by using the corresp attribute on the seg element. The second kind might be represented by using the gloss and term mechanism described in section 3.4.1. Terms and Glosses. The third kind of alignment might be represented using pointers embedded within the texts, for example:

<!--... --><seg xml:id="xe9803">where a <ref n="2" target="#xp982">Student</ref>,</seg>
<seg xml:id="xl9803">ubi <ref n="2" target="#xp982">Studiosus</ref>,</seg>
<!--... -->

⚓︎

We choose however to use the link element, since this provides a more efficient way of representing the three-way alignment between English, Latin, and picture without redundancy.

<linkGrp type="alignment">
 <link target="#xe9801 #xl9801 #xp981"/>
 <link target="#xe9802 #xl9802"/>
 <link target="#xe9803 #xl9803 #xp982"/>
 <link target="#xe9804 #xl9804"/>
 <link target="#xe9805 #xl9805"/>
 <link target="#xe9806 #xl9806"/>
 <link target="#xe9807 #xl9807"/>
 <link target="#xe9808 #xl9808 #xp983"/>
</linkGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

This map, of course, only aligns whole segments and image portions, since these are the only parts of our encoding which bear identifiers and can therefore be pointed to. To add to it the alignment between the typographically distinct words mentioned above, new elements must be defined, either within the text itself or externally by using stand off techniques. Encoding these word pairs as term and gloss, although intuitively obvious, requires a non-trivial decision as to whether the Latin text is glossing the English, or vice versa. Tagging all the marked words as term avoids the difficult decision, but might be thought by some encoders to convey the wrong information about the words in question. Simply tagging them as additional embedded seg elements with identifiers that can be aligned like the others is also a possibility.

These solutions all require the addition of further markup to the text. This may pose no problems, or it may be infeasible, for example because the text is held on a read-only medium. If it is not feasible to add more markup to the original text, some form of stand-off markup will be needed. Any item within the text that can be pointed to using the various pointer schemes discussed in this chapter may be used, not simply those which rely on the existence of an xml:id attribute. Suppose our example had been more lightly tagged, as follows:

<div xml:id="E98" xml:lang="en"
 type="lesson">
 <head>The Study</head>
 <ab>The Study</ab>
 <ab>is a place</ab>
 <ab>where a Student,</ab>
</div>
<div xml:id="L98" xml:lang="la"
 type="lesson">
 <head>Muséum</head>
 <ab>Museum</ab>
 <ab>est locus</ab>
 <ab>ubi Studiosus,</ab>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

To express the same alignment mentioned above, we could use an XPath expression to identify the required ab elements:

<linkGrp type="alignment">
 <link target="#xpath(//div[@xml:id='L98']/ab[1]) #xpath(//div[@xml:id='E98']/ab[1])"/>
 <link target="#xpath(//div[@xml:id='L98']/ab[2]) #xpath(//div[@xml:id='E98']/ab[2])"/>
</linkGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the absence of any markup around individual substrings of the element content, the string-range pointer scheme discussed in 17.2.4.7. string-range() may also be helpful: for example, to indicate that the words Studies and Studiis correspond, we might express the link between them as follows:

<link target="#string-range(e9806,16,7) #string-range(l9806,0,7)"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Identical Elements and Virtual Copies⚓︎17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

This section introduces the notion of a virtual element, that is, an element which is not explicitly present in a text, but the presence of which an application can infer from the encoding supplied. In this section, we are concerned with virtual elements made by simply cloning existing elements. In the next section (17.7. Aggregation), we discuss virtual elements made by aggregating existing elements.

Provided that explicit elements are available to represent the parts or places to be linked, then the global linking attributes sameAs and copyOf may be used to encode this kind of equivalence:

att.global.linking provides a set of attributes for hypertextual linking.

sameAs | points to an element that is the same as the current element.
copyOf | points to an element of which the current element is a copy.

It is useful to be able to represent the fact that one element of text is identical to others, for analytical purposes, or (especially if the elements have lengthy content) to obviate the need to repeat the content. For example, consider the repetition of the date element in the following material:

<p>In small clumsy letters he wrote:
<q rend="centered italic">
  <date xml:id="d840404">April 4th,
     1984</date>.</q>
</p>
<p>He sat back. A sense of complete helplessness had
descended upon him. ...</p>
<p>His small but childish handwriting straggled up
and down the page, shedding first its capital letters
and finally even its full stops:
<q rend="italic">
  <date>April 4th, 1984</date>.
   Last night to the flicks. ... </q>
</p>

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Suppose now that we wish to encode the fact that the second date element above has identical content to the first. The sameAs attribute is provided for this purpose. Using it, we could recode the last line of the above example as follows:

<date sameAs="#d840404">April 4th,
1984</date>
Last night to the flicks ...

⚓︎

The sameAs attribute may be used to document the fact that two elements have identical content. It may be regarded as a special kind of link. It should only be attached to an element with identical content to that which it targets, or to one the content of which clearly designates it as a repetition, such as the word repeat or bis in the representation of the chorus of a song, the second time it is to be sung. The relation specified by the sameAs attribute is symmetric: if a chorus is repeated three times and each repetition bears a sameAs attribute indicating the first occurrence of the element concerned, it is implied that each chorus is identical, and there is no need for the first occurrence to specify any of its copies.

The copyOf attribute is used in a similar way to indicate that the content of the element bearing it is identical to that of another. The difference is that the content is not itself repeated. The effect of this attribute is thus to create a virtual copy of the element indicated. Using this attribute, the repeated date in the first example above could be recoded as follows:

<date rend="italic" copyOf="#d840404"/>

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An application program should replace whatever is the actual content of an element bearing a copyOf attribute with the content of the element specified by it. If the content of the element specified includes other elements, these will become embedded within the element bearing the attribute. Care must be taken to ensure that the document is valid both before and after this embedding takes place. If, for example, the element bearing a copyOf attribute requires a mandatory sub-component, then this component must be present (though possibly empty), even though it will be replaced by the content of the targetted element.

The following example demonstrates how the copyOf attribute may be used in conjunction with the seg element to highlight the differences between almost identical repetitions:

<sp>
 <speaker>Mikado</speaker>
 <l>My <seg xml:id="Mik-L1s">object all sublime</seg>
 </l>
 <l>I shall <seg xml:id="Mik-L2s">achieve in time</seg>—</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-L3">To let <seg xml:id="L3s">the punishment fit the crime</seg>,</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l4">
  <seg copyOf="#Mik-L3s"/>;</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l5">And make each pris'ner pent</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l6">Unwillingly represent</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l7">A source <seg xml:id="Mik-l7s">of innocent merriment</seg>,</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l8">
  <seg copyOf="#Mik-l7s"/>!</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Chorus</speaker>
 <l>His <seg copyOf="#Mik-L1s"/>
 </l>
 <l>He will <seg copyOf="#Mik-L2s"/>
 </l>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-L3"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l4"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l5"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l6"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l7"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l8"/>
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

For further examples of the use of this attribute, see 17.8. Alternation and 20.3. Another Tree Notation.

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TEI: Aggregation⚓︎17.7. Aggregation

Because of the strict hierarchical organization of elements, or for other reasons, it may not always be possible or desirable to include all the parts of a possibly fragmented text segment within a single element. In section 17.1.4. Intermediate Pointers we introduced the notion of an intermediate pointer as a way of pointing to discontinuous segments of this kind. In this section we first describe another way of linking the parts of a discontinuous whole, using a set of linking attributes, which are made available for any tag by following the procedure described at the beginning of this chapter. We then describe how the link element may be used to aggregate such segments, and finally introduce the join element, which is a special-purpose linking element specifically for representing the aggregation of parts, and the joinGrp for grouping join elements.

The linking attributes for aggregation are next and prev; each of these attributes has a single identifier as its value:

att.global.linking provides a set of attributes for hypertextual linking.

next | (next) points to the next element of a virtual aggregate of which the current element is part.
prev | (previous) points to the previous element of a virtual aggregate of which the current element is part.

It is recommended that the elements indicated by these attributes be of the same type as the element bearing them.

The join element is also a member of the class of att.pointing elements, and so may carry any of the attributes of that class; for the list, see section 17.1. Links.

Here is the material on which we base our first illustration of the use of these mechanisms. Our problem is to represent the s-units identified below as qs3 and qs4 as a single (but discontinuous) whole:

<q>
 <s xml:id="qs2">Monsieur Paul, after he has taken equal
   parts of goose breast and the finest pork, and
   broken a certain number of egg yolks into them,
   and ground them <emph>very</emph>, very fine,
   cooks all with seasoning for some three hours.</s>
 <s xml:id="qs3">
  <emph>But</emph>,</s>
</q>
<s xml:id="ps2">she pushed her face nearer, and looked with
ferocious gloating at the pâté
inside me, her eyes like X rays,</s>
<q>
 <s xml:id="qs4">he never stops stirring it!</s>
 <s xml:id="qs5">Figure to yourself the work of it —</s>
 <s xml:id="qs6">stir, stir, never stopping!</s>
</q>

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Using the prev and next attributes, we can link the s-units with identifiers qs3 and qs4, either singly or doubly as follows:

  <s xml:id="qs3" next="#qs4"><emph>But</emph>,</s>
  <s xml:id="qs4">he never stops stirring it!</s>⚓

  <s xml:id="qs3"><emph>But</emph>,</s>
  <s xml:id="qs4" prev="#qs3">he never stops stirring it!</s>⚓

  <s xml:id="qs3" next="#qs4"><emph>But</emph>,</s>
  <s xml:id="qs4" prev="#qs3">he never stops stirring it!</s>⚓

Double linking of the two s-units, as illustrated by the last of these encodings, is equivalent to specifying a link element:

<link type="join" target="#qs3 #qs4"/>

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Such a link element must carry a type attribute with a value of join to specify that the link is to be understood as joining its targets into a single aggregate.

The join element is equivalent to a link element of type join. Unlike the link element, the join element can additionally specify information about the virtual element which it represents, by means of its result attribute. And finally, unlike the link element, the position of a join element within a text is significant: it must be supplied at a position where the element indicated by its result attribute would be contextually legal.

join (join) identifies a possibly fragmented segment of text, by pointing at the possibly discontiguous elements which compose it.

result
specifies the name of an element which this aggregation may be understood to represent.

joinGrp (join group) groups a collection of join elements and possibly pointers.

result
supplies the default value for the result on each join included within the group.

To conclude the above example, we now use a join element to represent the virtual sentence formed by the aggregation of s1 and s2:

<join target="#qs3 #qs4" result="s"/>

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As a further example, consider the following list of authors' names. The object of the join element here is to provide another list, composed of those authors from the larger list who happen to come from Heidelberg:

<list>
 <head>Authors</head>
 <item xml:id="a_uf">Figge, Udo </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ch">Heibach, Christiane </item>
 <item xml:id="a_gh">Heyer, Gerhard </item>
 <item xml:id="a_bp">Philipp, Bettina </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ms">Samiec, Monika </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ss">Schierholz, Stefan </item>
</list>
<join target="#a_ch #a_bp #a_ss"
 result="list">
 <desc>Authors from Heidelberg</desc>
</join>

⚓︎

The following example shows how join can be used to reconstruct a text cited in fragments presented out of order. The poem being remembered (an unusual translation of a well-known poem by Basho) runs ‘When the old pond / gets a new frog, / it's a new pond.’

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go?
 <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog-L2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-L1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>...
  <l xml:id="frog-L3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog-L1 #frog-L2 #frog-L3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

⚓︎

As with other forms of link, a grouping element joinGrp is available for use when a number of join elements of the same kind co-occur. This avoids the need to specify the result attribute for each join if they are all of the same type, and also allows us to restrict the domain within which their target elements are to be found, in the same way as for linkGrp elements (see 17.1.3. Groups of Links). Like a join, a joinGrp may appear only where the elements represented by its contents are legal. Thus if we had created many join tags of the sort just described, we could group them together, and require that their components are all contained by an element with the identifier MFKFhungry as follows:

<joinGrp domains="#mfkfhungry #mfkfhungry"
 result="s">
 <join target="#qs3 #qs4"/>
 <join target="#qs5 #qs6"/>
</joinGrp>

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The join element is useful as a means of representing non-hierarchic structures (as further discussed in chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures). It may also be used as a convenient way of representing a variety of analytic units, like the span and interp elements discussed in chapter 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms. As an example, consider the following famous Zen koan:

Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, ‘Master.’

Then he answered himself, ‘Yes, sir.’

And then he added, ‘Become sober.’

Again he answered, ‘Yes, sir.’

‘And after that,’ he continued, ‘do not be deceived by others.’

‘Yes, sir; yes, sir,’ he replied.

Suppose now that we wish to represent an interpretation of the above passage in which we distinguish between the various ‘voices’ adopted by Zui-Gan. In the following encoding, the who attribute has been used for this purpose; its value on each occasion supplies a pointer to the ‘voice’ to which each speech is attributed. (For convenience in this example, we use simply the first occurrence of the names used for each voice as the target for these pointers.) Note also that we add xml:id attributes to each distinct speech fragment, which we can then use to link the material spoken by each voice:

<text xml:id="zuitxt">
 <body>
  <p>
   <name xml:id="zuigan">Zui-Gan</name> called out to himself every day,
  <q next="#zuiq2" xml:id="zuiq1"
    who="#zuigan">
    <name xml:id="master">Master</name>.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Then he answered himself,
  <q next="#zuiq4" xml:id="zuiq2"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>And then he added,
  <q next="#zuiq5" xml:id="zuiq3"
    who="#master">Become sober.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Again he answered,
  <q next="#zuiq7" xml:id="zuiq4"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q next="#zuiq6" xml:id="zuiq5"
    who="#master">And after that,</q>
     he continued,
  <q xml:id="zuiq6" who="#master">do not be deceived by others.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q xml:id="zuiq7" who="#zuigan">Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q>
     he replied.</p>
 </body>
</text>

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However, by using the join element, we can directly represent the complete speech attributed to each voice:

<joinGrp result="q">
 <join target="#zuiq1 #zuiq2 #zuiq4 #zuiq7">
  <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
 </join>
 <join target="#zuiq3 #zuiq5 #zuiq6">
  <desc>what Master said</desc>
 </join>
</joinGrp>

⚓︎

Note the use of the desc child element within the two joins making up the q element here. These enable us to document the speakers of the two virtual q elements represented by the join elements; this is necessary because the there is no way of specifying the attributes to be associated with a virtual element, in particular there is no way to specify a who value for them.

Suppose now that xml:id attributes, for whatever reasons, are not available. Then ptr elements may be created using any of the methods described in section 17.2.4. TEI XPointer Schemes. The xml:id attributes of these elements may now be specified by the target attribute on the join elements.

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography ⚓︎

The extended pointer with identifier rzuiq2, for example, may be read as ‘the first q in the first p, within the sixth div1 element of the current document.’

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TEI: Alternation⚓︎17.8. Alternation

This section proposes elements for the representation of alternation. We say that two or more elements are in exclusive alternation if any of those elements could be present in a text, but one and only one of them is; in addition, we say that those elements are mutually exclusive. We say that the elements are in inclusive alternation if at least one (and possibly more) of them is present. The elements that are in alternation may also be called alternants.

The need to mark exclusive alternation arises frequently in text encoding. A common situation is one in which it can be determined that exactly one of several different words appears in a given location, but it cannot be determined which one. One way to mark such an exclusive alternation is to use the linking attribute exclude. Having marked an exclusive alternation, it can sometimes later be determined which of the alternants actually appears in the given location. To preserve the fact that an alternation was posited, one can add the linking attribute select to a tag which hierarchically encompasses the alternants, which points to the one which actually appears. To assign responsibility and degree of certainty to the choice, one can use the certainty tag described in chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility. Also see that chapter for further discussion of certainty in general.

The exclude and select attributes may be used with any element assuming that they have been declared following the procedure discussed in the introduction to this chapter.

att.global.linking provides a set of attributes for hypertextual linking.

exclude | points to elements that are in exclusive alternation with the current element.
select | selects one or more alternants; if one alternant is selected, the ambiguity or uncertainty is marked as resolved. If more than one alternant is selected, the degree of ambiguity or uncertainty is marked as reduced by the number of alternants not selected.

A more general way to mark alternation, encompassing both exclusive and inclusive alternation, is to use the linking element alt. The description and attributes of this tag and of the associated grouping tag altGrp are as follows. These elements are also members of the att.pointing class and therefore have all the attributes associated with that class.

alt (alternation) identifies an alternation or a set of choices among elements or passages.

weights
If mode is excl, each weight states the probability that the corresponding alternative occurs. If mode is incl each weight states the probability that the corresponding alternative occurs given that at least one of the other alternatives occurs.

altGrp (alternation group) groups a collection of alt elements and possibly pointers.

To take a simple hypothetical example, suppose in transcribing a spoken text, we encounter an utterance that we can understand either as We had fun at the beach today. or as We had sun at the beach today. We can represent the exclusive alternation of these two possibilities by means of the exclude attribute as follows.

<div type="interview">
 <u exclude="#we.sun1" xml:id="we.fun1">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun1" xml:id="we.sun1">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

⚓︎

If it is then determined that the speaker said fun, not sun, the encoder could amend the text by deleting the alternant containing sun and the exclude attribute on the remaining alternant. Alternatively, the encoder could preserve the fact that there was uncertainty in the original transcription by retaining the alternants, and assigning the we.fun value to the select attribute value on the div element that encompasses the alternants, as in:

<div select="#we.fun2" type="interview">
 <u exclude="#we.sun2" xml:id="we.fun2">We had fun at the beach
   today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun2" xml:id="we.sun2">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

⚓︎

The above alternation (including the select attribute) could be recoded by assigning the exclude attributes to tags that enclose just the words or even the characters that are mutually exclusive, as in:⁷⁰

<div type="interview">
 <u select="#fun3">We had
 <seg exclude="#sun3" xml:id="fun3"
   type="word">fun</seg>
  <seg exclude="#fun3" xml:id="sun3"
   type="word">sun</seg>
   at the beach today.</u>
</div>

⚓︎

<div type="interview">
 <u>We had
 <seg select="#id-f" type="word">
   <seg exclude="#id-s" xml:id="id-f"
    type="character">f</seg>
   <seg exclude="#id-f" xml:id="id-s"
    type="character">s</seg>
     un</seg>
   at the beach today.</u>
</div>

⚓︎

Now suppose that the transcriber is uncertain whether the first word in the utterance is We or Lee, but is certain that if it is Lee, then the other uncertain word is definitely fun and not sun. The three utterances that are in mutual exclusion can be encoded as follows.

<div type="interview">
<!-- ... -->
 <u exclude="#we.sun4 #lee.fun4"
  xml:id="we.fun4">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun4 #lee.fun4"
  xml:id="we.sun4">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun4 #we.sun4"
  xml:id="lee.fun4">Lee had fun at the beach today.</u>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

⚓︎

The preceding example can also be encoded with exclude attributes on the word segments We, Lee, fun, and sun:

<u>
 <seg exclude="#lee" xml:id="we" type="word">We</seg>
 <seg exclude="#we #sun" xml:id="lee"
  type="word">Lee</seg>
had
<seg exclude="#sun" xml:id="fun"
  type="word">fun</seg>
 <seg exclude="#fun #lee" xml:id="sun"
  type="word">sun</seg>
at the beach today.
</u>

⚓︎

The value of the select attribute is defined as a list of identifiers; hence it can also be used to narrow down the range of alternants, as in:

<div select="#we.fun5 #lee.fun5"
 type="interview">
 <u exclude="#we.sun5 #lee.fun5"
  xml:id="we.fun5">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun5 #lee.fun5"
  xml:id="we.sun5">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun5 #we.sun5"
  xml:id="lee.fun5">Lee had fun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

⚓︎

This is interpreted to mean that either the first or the third u element tag appears, and is thus equivalent to just the alternation of those two tags:

<div type="interview">
 <u exclude="#lee.fun6" xml:id="we.fun6">We had fun at the beach
   today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun6" xml:id="lee.fun6">Lee had fun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

⚓︎

The exclude attribute can also be used in case there is uncertainty about the tag that appears in a certain position. For example, the occurrence of the word May in the s-unit Let's go to May can be interpreted, in the absence of other information, either as a person's name or as a date. The uncertainty can be rendered as follows, using the exclude attribute.

<s>Let's go to
<name exclude="#mayn" xml:id="mayd">May</name>
 <date copyOf="#mayd" exclude="#mayd"
  xml:id="mayn"/>.</s>

⚓︎

Note the use of the copyOf attribute discussed in section 17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies; this avoids having to repeat the content of the element whose correct tagging is in doubt.

The copyOf and the exclude attributes also provide for a simple way of indicating uncertainty about exactly where a particular element occurs in a document.⁷¹ For example suppose that a particular div2 element appears either as the third and last of the div2 elements within the first div1 element in the body of a document, or as the first div2 of the second div1. One solution would be to record the div2 in its entirety in the first of these positions, and a virtual copy of it in the second, and mark them as excluding each other as follows:

<body>
 <div1 xml:id="C1">
  <div2 xml:id="C1S3" exclude="#C2S1"/>
 </div1>
 <div1 xml:id="C2">
  <div2 xml:id="C2S1" copyOf="#C1S3"
   exclude="#C1S3"/>
 </div1>
</body>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this case, the select attribute, if used, would appear on the body element.

Mutual exclusion can also be expressed using a link; the first example in this section can be recoded by removing the exclude attributes from the u elements, and adding a link element as follows:⁷²

<div type="interview">
 <u xml:id="we.had.fun">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u xml:id="we.had.sun">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
 <link type="exclusiveAlternation"
  target="#we.had.fun #we.had.sun"/>
</div>

⚓︎

Now we define the specialized linking element alt, making it a member of the class att.pointing, and assigning it a mode attribute, which can have either of the values excl (for exclusive) or incl (for inclusive). Then the following equivalence holds:

<alt target="#a #b" mode="excl"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

=

<link target="#a #b"
 type="exclusive_alternation"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

The preceding link element may therefore be recoded as the following alt element.

<alt target="#we.had.fun #we.had.sun"
 mode="excl"/>

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Another attribute that is defined specifically for the alt element is weights, which is to be used if one wishes to assign probabilistic weights to the targets (alternants). Its value is a list of numbers, corresponding to the targets, expressing the probability that each target appears. If the alternants are mutually exclusive, then the weights must sum to 1.0.

Suppose in the preceding example that it is equiprobable whether fun or sun appears. Then the alt element that represents the alternation may be stated as follows:

<alt target="#we.fun #we.had.sun"
 mode="excl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

The assignment of a weight of 1.0 to one target (and weights of 0 to all the others) is equivalent to selecting that target. Thus the following encoding is equivalent to the second example at the beginning of this section.

<u xml:id="we.fun">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
<u xml:id="we.sun">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
<alt target="#we.fun #we.sun" mode="excl"
 weights="1 0"/>

⚓︎

The sum of the weights for <alt mode="incl"> tags ranges from 0% to (100 × k)%, where k is the number of targets. If the sum is 0%, then the alternation is equivalent to exclusive alternation; if the sum is (100 x k)%, then all of the alternants must appear, and the situation is better encoded without an alt tag.

If it is desired, alt elements may be grouped together in an altGrp element, and attribute values shared by the individual alt elements may be identified on the altGrp element. The targFunc attribute defaults to the value first.alternant next.alternant.

To illustrate, consider again the example of a transcribed utterance, in which it is uncertain whether the first word is We or Lee, whether the third word is fun or sun, but that if the first word is Lee, then the third word is fun. Now suppose we have the following additional information: if we occurs, then the probability that fun occurs is 50% and that sun occurs is 50%; if fun occurs, then the probability that we occurs is 40% and that Lee occurs is 60%. This situation can be encoded as follows.

<u>
 <seg exclude="#lee2" xml:id="we2"
  type="word">We</seg>
 <seg exclude="#we2" xml:id="lee2"
  type="word">Lee</seg>
had
<seg exclude="#sun2" xml:id="fun2"
  type="word">fun</seg>
 <seg exclude="#fun2" xml:id="sun2"
  type="word">sun</seg>
at the beach today.
</u>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#we2 #lee2"/>
 <alt target="#fun2 #sun2"/>
 <alt target="#we2 #fun2" mode="incl"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#lee2 #fun2" mode="incl"
  weights="1.0 0.6"/>
</altGrp>

⚓︎

As noted above, when the mode attribute on an alt has the value incl, then each weight states the probability that the corresponding alternative occurs, given that at least one of the other alternatives occurs.

From the information in this encoding, we can determine that the probability is about 28.5% that the utterance is ‘We had fun at the beach today’, 28.5% that it is We had sun at the beach today, and 43% that it is Lee had fun at the beach today.

Another very similar example is the following regarding the text of a Broadway song. In three different versions of the song, the same line reads ‘Her skin is tender as a leather glove’, ‘Her skin is tender as a baseball glove’, and ‘Her skin is tender as Dimaggio's glove.’⁷³

If we wish to express this textual variation using the alt element, we can record our relative confidence in the readings Dimaggio's (with probability 50%), a leather (25%), and a baseball (25%).

Let us extend the example with a further (imaginary) variation, supposing for the sake of the argument that the next line is variously given as and she bats from right to left (with probability 50%) or now ain't that too damn bad (with probability 50%). Using the alt element, we can express the conviction that if the first choice for the second line is correct, then the probability that the first line contains Dimaggio's is 90%, and each of the others 5%; whereas if the second choice for the second line is correct, then the probability that the first line contains Dimaggio's is 10%, and each of the others is 45%. This can be encoded, with an altGrp element containing a combination of exclusive and inclusive alt elements, as follows.

<div xml:id="bm" type="song">
 <l>Her skin is tender as
 <seg xml:id="dm">Dimaggio's</seg>
  <seg xml:id="lt">a leather</seg>
  <seg xml:id="bb">a baseball</seg>
   glove,</l>
 <l xml:id="rl">and she bats from right to left.</l>
 <l xml:id="db">now ain't that too damn bad.</l>
</div>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#dm #lt #bb" mode="excl"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#rl #db" mode="excl"
  weights="0.50 0.50"/>
</altGrp>
<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#dm #rl" weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#lt #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#bb #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#dm #db" weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#lt #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#bb #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

⚓︎

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TEI: Stand-off Markup⚓︎17.9. Stand-off Markup

TEI: Introduction⚓︎17.9.1. Introduction

Most of the mechanisms defined in this chapter rely to a greater or lesser extent on the fact that tags in a marked-up document can both assert a property for a span of text which they enclose, and assert the existence of an association between themselves and some other span of text elsewhere. In stand-off markup, there is a clear separation of these two behaviours: the markup does not directly contain any part of the text, but instead includes it by reference. One specific mechanism recommended by these Guidelines for this purpose is the standard XInclude mechanism defined by the W3C; another is to use pointers as demonstrated elsewhere in this chapter.

There are many reasons for using stand-off markup: the source text might be read-only so that additional markup cannot be added, or a single text may need to be marked up according to several hierarchically incompatible schemes, or a single scheme may need to accommodate multiple hierarchical ambiguities, so that a single markup tree is not the most faithful representation of the source material.

This section describes a generic mechanism for expressing all kinds of markup externally as stand-off tags, for use whenever it is appropriate; and a place in the TEI structure (standOff) to contain certain common kinds of stand-off markup.

Throughout this section the following terms will be systematically used in specific senses.

source document

a document to which the stand-off markup refers (a source document can be either XML or plain text); there may be more than one source document.

internal markup

markup that is already present in an XML source document

stand-off markup

markup that is either outside of the source document and points in to it to the data it describes, or is pointed at by the data that refers to it; or alternatively is in another part of the source document and points elsewhere within the document to the data it describes, or is pointed at by data elsewhere that refers to it.

external document

a document that contains stand-off markup that points to a different, source document

internalize

the action of creating a new XML document with external markup and data integrated with the source document data, and possibly some source document markup as well

externalize

a process applied to markup from a pre-existing XML document, which splits it into two documents, an XML (external) document containing some of the markup of the original document, and another (source) XML document containing whatever text content and markup has not been extracted into the stand-off document; if all markup has been externalized from a document, the new source may be a plain text document

The three major requirements satisfied by this scheme for stand-off markup are:

any valid TEI markup can be either internal or external,

external markup can be internalized by applying it to the document content by either substituting the existing markup or adding to it, to form a valid TEI document, and

the external markup itself specifies whether an internalized document is to be created by substituting the existing internal markup or by adding to it.

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TEI: Overview of XInclude ⚓︎17.9.2. Overview of XInclude

Stand-off markup which relies on the inclusion of virtual content is adequately supported by the W3C XInclude recommendation, which is also recommended for use by these Guidelines.⁷⁴ XInclude defines a namespace (http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude), which in these Guidelines will be associated with the prefix xi:, and exactly two elements, <xi:include> and <xi:fallback>. XInclude relies on the XPointer framework discussed elsewhere in this chapter to point to the actual fragments of text to be internalized. Although XInclude only requires support for the element() scheme of XPointer, these Guidelines permit the use of any of the pointing schemes discussed in section 17.2. Pointing Mechanisms.

XInclude is a W3C recommendation which specifies a syntax for the inclusion within an XML document of data fragments placed in different resources. Included resources can be either plain text or XML. XInclude instructions within an XML document are meant to be replaced by a resource targetted by a URI, possibly augmented by an XPointer that identifies the exact subresource to be included.

The <xi:include> element uses the href attribute to specify the location of the resource to be included; its value is an URI containing, if necessary, an XPointer. Additionally, it uses the parse attribute (whose only valid values are text and xml) to specify whether the included content is plain text or an XML fragment, and the encoding attribute to provide a hint, when the included fragment is text, of the character encoding of the fragment. An optional <xi:fallback> element is also permitted within an <xi:include>; it specifies alternative content to be used when the external resource cannot be fetched for some reason. Its use is not however recommended for stand-off markup.

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TEI: Stand-off Markup in TEI⚓︎17.9.3. Stand-off Markup in TEI

The operations of internalizing and externalizing markup are very useful and practically important. XInclude processing as defined by the W3C is internalization of one or more source documents' content into a stand-off document. TEI use of XInclude for stand-off markup enables use of XInclude-conformant software to perform this useful operation. However, internalization is not clearly defined for all stand-off files, because the structure of the internal and external markup trees may overlap. In particular, when an external markup document selects a range that overlaps partial elements in the source document, it is not clear how the semantics of internalization (inclusion) should work, since partial elements are not XML objects.⁷⁵ XInclude defines a semantics for this case that involves only complete elements.

When a range selection partially overlaps a number of elements in a source document, XInclude specifies that the partially overlapping elements should be included as well as all completely overlapping elements and characters (partially overlapping characters are not possible). The effect of this is that elements that straddle the start or end of a selected range will be included as wrappers for those of their children that are completely or partially selected by the range. For example, given the following source document:

<body>
 <p xml:id="par1">home, <emph>home</emph> on Brokeback Mountain.</p>
 <p xml:id="par2">That was the <emph>song</emph> that I sang</p>
</body>

⚓︎

and the following external document:

  <body>
     <div><include href="example1.xml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xpointer="range(xpath(id('par1')//emph),xpath(id('par2')//emph))"/>
     </div>
 </body>   ⚓

the resulting document after XInclude processing of this external document would be:

   <body>
   <div>
     <p xml:id="par1">home, <emph>home</emph> on Brokeback Mountain.</p>
     <p xml:id="par2">That was the <emph>song</emph> that I sang</p>
   </div>
   </body>⚓

The result of the inclusion is two paragraph elements, while the original range designated in the source document overlapped two paragraph fragments. The semantics of XInclude require the creation of well-formed XML results even though the pointing mechanisms it uses do not necessarily respect the hierarchical structure of XML documents, as in this case. While this is a good way to ensure that internalization is always possible, it has implications for the use of XInclude as a notation for the description of overlapping markup structures.

When overlapping hierarchies need to be represented for a single document, each hierarchy must be represented by a separate set of XInclude tags pointing to a common source document. This sort of structure corresponds to common practice in work with linguistic text corpora. In such corpora, each potentially overlapping hierarchy of elements for the text is represented as a separate stream of stand-off markup. Generally the source text contains markup for the smallest significant units of analysis in the corpus, such as words or morphemes, this information and its markup representing a layer of common information that is shared by all the various hierarchies. As a way of organizing the representation of complex data, this technique generally allows a large number of xml:id attributes to be attached to the shared elements, providing robust anchors for links and facilitating adjustments to the source document without breaking external documents that reference it.

Any tag can be externalized by removing its content and replacing it with an <xi:include> element that contains an XPointer pointing to the desired content.

For instance the following portion of a TEI document:

<text>
 <body>
  <head>1755</head>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography ⚓︎

can be externalized by placing the actual text in a separate document, and providing exactly the same markup with the <xi:include> elements:
Source.xml

<content>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,\n
One clover, and a bee,\n
And revery.\n
The revery alone will do,\n
If bees are few.\n
</content>⚓

External.xml

<text xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
 <body>
  <head>1755</head>
   <l>
    <xi:include href="Source.xml" parse="xml"
 xpointer="string-range(element(/1),  0, 48)"/>
   </l>
   <l>
    <xi:include href="Source.xml" parse="xml"
 xpointer="string-range(element(/1), 49, 71)"/>
   </l>
   <l>
    <xi:include href="Source.xml" parse="xml"
 xpointer="string-range(element(/1), 72, 83)"/>
   </l>
   <l>
    <xi:include href="Source.xml" parse="xml"
 xpointer="string-range(element(/1), 84,109)"/>
   </l>
   <l>
    <xi:include href="Source.xml" parse="xml"
 xpointer="string-range(element(/1),110,126)"/>
   </l>
 </body>
</text>⚓

Please note that this specification requires that the XInclude namespace declaration is present in all cases. The <xi:fallback> element contains text or XML fragments to be placed in the document if the inclusion fails for any reason (for instance due to inaccessibility of an external resource). The <xi:fallback> element is optional; if it is not present an XInclude processor must signal a fatal error when a resource is not found. This is the preferred behaviour for use with stand-off markup. These Guidelines recommend against the use of <xi:fallback> for stand-off markup.

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TEI: Well-formedness and Validity of Stand-off Markup⚓︎17.9.4. Well-formedness and Validity of Stand-off Markup

The whole source fragment identified by an XInclude element, as well as any markup therein contained is inserted in the position specified, and an XInclude processor is required to ensure that the resulting internalized document is well-formed. This has obvious implications when the external document contains XML markup. A plain text source document will always create a well-formed internalized document.

While a TEI customization may permit <xi:include> elements in various places in a TEI document instance, in general these Guidelines suggest that validity be verified after the resolution of all the <xi:include> elements.

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TEI: Including Text or XML Fragments⚓︎17.9.5. Including Text or XML Fragments

When the source text is plain text the overall form of the XPointer pointing to it is of minimal importance. The form of the XPointer matters considerably, on the other hand, when the source document is XML.

In this case, it is rather important to distinguish whether we intend to substitute the source XML with the new one, or just to add new markup to it. The XPointers used in the references can express both cases.

A simple way is to make sure to select only textual data in the XPointer. For instance, given the following document:
Source.xhtml

<xhtml:html>
 <xhtml:body>
  <xhtml:div>To make a prairie it takes a <xhtml:a href="clover.gif">clover</xhtml:a>
     and one <xhtml:a href="bee.gif">bee</xhtml:a>,</xhtml:div>
  <xhtml:div>One <xhtml:a href="clover.gif">clover</xhtml:a>, and
     a <xhtml:a href="bee.gif">bee</xhtml:a>,</xhtml:div>
  <xhtml:div>And revery.</xhtml:div>
  <xhtml:div>The revery alone will do,</xhtml:div>
  <xhtml:div>If bees are few.</xhtml:div>
 </xhtml:body>
</xhtml:html>

⚓︎

the expression range(element(/1/2/1.0),element(/1/2/11.1)) will select the whole poem, text content and div elements and hypertext links (NB: in XPointer whitespace-only text nodes count).

On the contrary, the expressions xpointer(//text()/range-to(.)) and xpointer(string-range(//text(),"To")/range-to(//text(),"few.") will only select the text of the poem, with no markup inside.

Thus, the following could be a valid stand-off document for the Source.xhtml document:
External2.xml

<text xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
 <body>
  <head>1755</head>
  <l>
   <xi:include href="Source.xhtml"
 xpointer='xpointer(string-range(//div[1]/text(),"To")/range-to(//div[1]/text(),"bee,")'/>
  </l>
  <l>
   <xi:include href="Source.xhtml"
 xpointer='xpointer(string-range(//div[2]/text(),"One")/range-to(//div[2]/text(),"bee,")'/>
  </l>
  <l>
   <xi:include href="Source.xhtml"
 xpointer='xpointer(string-range(//div[3]/text(),"And")/range-to(//div[3]/text(),".")'/>
  </l>
  <l>
   <xi:include href="Source.xhtml"
 xpointer='xpointer(string-range(//div[4]/text(),"The")/range-to(//div[4]/text(),",")'/>
  </l>
  <l>
   <xi:include href="Source.xhtml"
 xpointer='xpointer(string-range(//div[5]/text(),"If")/range-to(//div[5]/text(),".")'/>
  </l>
 </body>
</text>⚓

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TEI: The standOff Container⚓︎17.10. The <standOff> Container

The standOff element is intended to hold content that does not fit well in the text (e.g. because it is not transcribed from the source), nor in the teiHeader (e.g. because it is not metadata about the source or transcription). Examples include contextual information about named entities (typically encoded using listBibl, listOrg, listNym, listPerson, or listPlace), annotations indicating the morphosyntactic features of a text, and annotations commenting on or associating parts of a text with additional information.

standOff Functions as a container element for linked data, contextual information, and stand-off annotations embedded in a TEI document.

As a member of model.resource, standOff may occur as a child of TEI (or teiCorpus). If the metadata that describes the standOff is largely the same as the metadata that describes the associated resource (e.g., the transcribed text in text), then the standOff and the encoded associated resource may appear as children of the same TEI element. The example below has a transcription with placeName elements in the text linked to a list of place elements in the standOff section.

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

⚓︎

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TEI: Annotations⚓︎17.11. Annotations

The annotation element's structure is based on the Web Annotation Data Model (WADM). A Web Annotation may have one or more targets, which are URIs, and zero or more bodies, which may be either URIs or embedded text. A Web Annotation may also contain metadata about the annotation, such as the creator, creation and modification dates, and license information. The annotation element implements a subset of WADM, using TEI elements and attributes to encode the same information, with a focus on annotating TEI documents. Targets are represented using the target attribute on annotation. URI bodies are represented using ref or ptr and embedded text bodies using note. Lifecycle and license information may be given using respStmt, revisionDesc, and licence.

listAnnotation contains a list of annotations, typically encoded as annotation, annotationBlock, or note, possibly organized with nested listAnnotation elements.

annotation represents an annotation following the Web Annotation Data Model.

TEI annotations are, in general, intended to capture the output of processes that annotate TEI texts without altering the text and markup in the text. They allow this kind of output to be represented directly in TEI, and thus to be processed using the same toolchains as the texts they annotate. A named entity recognition workflow might use annotation, for example to associate names in the text with person elements instead of attempting to rewrite the TEI text using inline persName. Projects may wish to use this mechanism to layer information onto a TEI text in case where using inline elements might result in complicated markup.

The example below illustrates how stand-off annotations can be used to connect words in a text with place elements in a list. The words ‘Gallia’ and ‘Galliae’ in the edition are connected by an annotation in the standOff section which points to them using string-range() pointers and references the definition of the place (also in the standOff section). If the set of annotations were created in a process separate from the creation of the transcription and then imported into the transcription document, then wrapping them in a TEI element with its own teiHeader providing metadata for the annotations might be advisable.

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

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TEI: Connecting Analytic and Textual Markup⚓︎17.12. Connecting Analytic and Textual Markup

In chapters 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms and 19. Feature Structures and elsewhere, provision is made for analytic and interpretive markup to be represented outside of textual markup, either in the same document or in a different document. The elements in these separate domains can be connected, either with the pointing attributes ana (for analysis) and inst (for instance), or by means of link and linkGrp elements. Numerous examples are given in these chapters.

Another more specific form of annotation is available through the TEI ruby element and its children, described in detail in 3.4.2. Ruby Annotations.

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TEI: Module for Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment⚓︎17.13. Module for Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module linking: Linking, segmentation, and alignment

Elements defined: ab alt altGrp anchor annotation join joinGrp link linkGrp listAnnotation seg standOff timeline when

Classes defined: att.global.linking

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

62

We use the term alignment as a special case for the more general notion of correspondence. Using A as a short form for ‘an element with its attribute xml:id set to the value A’, and suppose elements A1, A2, and A3 occur in that order and form one group, while elements B1, B2, and B3 occur in that order and form another group. Then a relation in which A1 corresponds to B1, A2 corresponds to B2, and A3 corresponds to B3 is an alignment. On the other hand, a relation in which A1 corresponds to B2, B1 to C2, and C1 to A2 is not an alignment.

63

The type attribute on the note is used to classify the notes using the typology established in the Advertisement to the work: ‘The Imitations of the Ancients are added, to gratify those who either never read, or may have forgotten them; together with some of the Parodies, and Allusions to the most excellent of the Moderns.’ In the source text, the text of the poem shares the page with two sets of notes, one headed ‘Remarks’ and the other ‘Imitations’.

64

Since no special element is provided for this purpose in the present version of these Guidelines, the information should be supplied as a series of paragraphs at the end of the encodingDesc element described in section 2.3. The Encoding Description.

65

The URI (Universal Resource Indicator) is defined in RFC 3986

66

As always seems to be the case, no two regular expression languages are precisely the same. For those used to Perl regular expressions, be warned that while in Perl the pattern tei matches any string that contains tei, in the W3C language it only matches the string ‘tei’.

67

See section 18.3. Spans and Interpretations, where the text from which this fragment is taken is analyzed.

68

This sample is taken from a conversation collected and transcribed for the British National Corpus.

69

See Gale and Church (1993), from which the example in the text is taken.

70

See section 18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories for discussion of the w and c tags that can be used in the following examples instead of the <seg type="word"> and <seg type="character"> tags.

71

An alternative way of representing this problem is discussed in chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility.

72

In this example, we have placed the link next to the elements that represent the alternants. It could also have been placed elsewhere in the document, perhaps within a linkGrp.

73

The variant readings are found in the commercial sheet music, the performance score, and the Broadway cast recording.

74

The version on which this text is based is the W3C Recommendation dated 20 December 2004..

75

This corresponds to the observation that overlapping XML tags reflecting a textual version of such an inclusion would not even be well-formed XML. This kind of overlap in textual phenomena of interest is in fact the major reason that stand-off markup is needed.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Table of contents

18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories

18.2. Global Attributes for Simple Analyses

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

18.4. Linguistic Annotation

18.5. Module for Analysis and Interpretation

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This chapter describes a module for associating simple analyses and interpretations with text elements. We use the term analysis here to refer to any kind of semantic or syntactic interpretation which an encoder wishes to attach to all or part of a text. Examples discussed in this chapter include familiar linguistic categorizations (such as ‘clause’, ‘morpheme’, ‘part-of-speech’ etc.) and characterizations of narrative structure (such as ‘theme’, ‘reconciliation’ etc.). The mechanisms presented in this chapter are simpler but less powerful than those described in chapter 19. Feature Structures.

Section 18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories introduces elements which can be used to characterize text segments according to the familiar linguistic categories of sentence or s-unit, clause, phrase, word, morpheme, character, and punctuation mark. These elements represent special cases of the generic seg element described in section 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors.

Section 18.2. Global Attributes for Simple Analyses introduces an additional global attribute which allows passages of text to be associated with specialized elements representing their interpretation. These ‘interpretative’ elements (span and interp) are described in detail in section 18.3. Spans and Interpretations. They allow the encoder to specify an analysis as a series of names and associated values,⁷⁶ each such pair being linked to one or more stretches of text, either directly, in the case of spans, or indirectly, in the case of interpretations.

Finally section 18.4. Linguistic Annotation revisits the topic of linguistic analysis, and illustrates how these interpretative mechanisms may be used to associate simple linguistic analysis with text segments.

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TEI: Linguistic Segment Categories⚓︎18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories

In this section we introduce specialized linguistic segment category elements which may be used to represent the segmentation of a text into the traditional linguistic categories of sentence, clause, phrase, word, morpheme, characters, and punctuation marks.

Next 18.1.2. Below the Word Level

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TEI: Words and Above⚓︎18.1.1. Words and Above

Although different languages have very different rules about what constitutes a ‘word’ or a ‘sentence’, these remain generally useful concepts. In this section we discuss elements provided for marking up linguistic units down to the word level, however defined.

s (s-unit) contains a sentence-like division of a text.

cl (clause) represents a grammatical clause.

phr (phrase) represents a grammatical phrase.

w (word) represents a grammatical (not necessarily orthographic) word.

As members of the att.segLike class, these elements all share the following attribute:

att.segLike provides attributes for elements used for arbitrary segmentation.

function
(function) characterizes the function of the segment.

They also share attributes from att.typed:

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way.

type | characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.
subtype | (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

These elements are also all members of the model.segLike class, which is a subclass of model.phrase. They may thus appear anywhere that text is permitted within a document, when the module defined by this chapter is included in a schema.

The w and pc elements belong to the att.linguistic class, which supplies attributes that may be used for lightweight linguistic annotation (see section 18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation below):

att.linguistic provides a set of attributes concerning linguistic features of tokens, for usage within token-level elements, specifically w and pc in the analysis module.

lemma | provides a lemma (base form) for the word, typically uninflected and serving both as an identifier (e.g. in dictionary contexts, as a headword), and as a basis for potential inflections.
lemmaRef | provides a pointer to a definition of the lemma for the word, for example in an online lexicon.
pos | (part of speech) indicates the part of speech assigned to a token (i.e. information on whether it is a noun, adjective, or verb), usually according to some official reference vocabulary (e.g. for German: STTS, for English: CLAWS, for Polish: NKJP, etc.).
msd | (morphosyntactic description) supplies morphosyntactic information for a token, usually according to some official reference vocabulary (e.g. for German: STTS-large tagset; for a feature description system designed as (pragmatically) universal, see Universal Features).
join | when present, provides information on whether the token in question is adjacent to another, and if so, on which side.

Additionally, these elements also have access to the att.lexicographic.normalized class, which supplies the attributes norm and orig: the former for handling normalization/regularization at the word level, the latter providing the original form if the element content is modernized or regularized. Note that these attributes are a local (word-level) alternative to the robust mechanism that uses the choice, orig, and reg elements, discussed in section 3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization and in chapter 13. Critical Apparatus. The choice-based mechanism is the default descriptive device, while the norm and orig attributes are used to handle a subset of normalizations in linguistic contexts where a single sequence of tokens is a priority, for example in historical corpora subject to linguistic analysis. It needs to be stressed that the simplified attribute-based mechanism is not meant to be used for editorial interventions. ⁷⁷

The s element may be used simply to segment a text end-to-end into a series of non-overlapping segments, referred to here and elsewhere as s-units, or sentences.

<p>
 <s>Nineteen fifty-four, when I was eighteen years old,
   is held to be a crucial turning point in the history of
   the Afro-American — for the U.S.A. as a whole — the
   year segregation was outlawed by the U.S. Supreme Court.</s>
 <s>It was also a crucial year for me because on June 18,
   1954, I began serving a sentence in state prison for
   possession of marijuana.</s>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

The s element is more restricted both in its content and its usage than the generic seg element. The seg unit may contain anything which can appear within a paragraph: thus it may be used to enclose members of the model.inter class (such as bibl or list) as well as other phrase elements; the s unit may only contain phrase-level elements or text. Also, unlike seg elements, s elements should not be nested within each other.⁷⁸ The seg element is intended for use as a generic segmentation element, the specific function of which may be indicated by its type attribute; the other members of the class are more specialized. Thus, the s, cl, and phr elements may be thought of as equivalent to <seg type="s-unit">, <seg type="clause"> and <seg type="phrase">, respectively, but with the above-mentioned restrictions.

The s element may be further subdivided into clauses, marked with the cl element, as in the following example:

<p>
 <s>
  <cl>It was about the beginning of September, 1664,
  <cl>that I, among the rest of my neighbours,
       heard in ordinary discourse
   <cl>that the plague was returned again to Holland; </cl>
   </cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>for it had been very violent there, and particularly at
     Amsterdam and Rotterdam, in the year 1663, </cl>
  <cl>whither, <cl>they say,</cl> it was brought,
  <cl>some said</cl> from Italy, others from the Levant, among some goods
  <cl>which were brought home by their Turkey fleet;</cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>others said it was brought from Candia;
     others from Cyprus. </cl>
 </s>
 <s>
  <cl>It mattered not <cl>from whence it came;</cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>but all agreed <cl>it was come into Holland again.</cl>
  </cl>
 </s>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Clauses may be further divided into phr elements in the same way. A text may be segmented directly into clauses, or into phrases, with no need to include segmentation at a higher level as well.

For verse texts, the overlapping of metrical and syntactic structure requires that special care be given to representing both using an element hierarchy. One simple approach is to split the syntactic phrases into fragments when they cross verse boundaries, reuniting them with the part attribute:

<div type="stanza">
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Tweedledum and Tweedledee</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">Agreed to have a battle;</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="I">For Tweedledum said <cl part="I">Tweedledee</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">
   <cl part="F">Had spoiled his nice new rattle.</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
</div>
<div type="stanza">
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Just then flew down a monstrous crow,</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">As black as a tar barrel;</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Which frightened both the heroes so,</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">
   <cl>They quite forgot their quarrel.</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

Another approach is to use the next and prev attributes defined in the additional module for linking (chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment):

<l>
 <cl next="#c5" xml:id="c3" part="I">For Tweedledum said
 <cl next="#c6" xml:id="c4" part="I">Tweedledee</cl>
 </cl>
</l>
<l>
 <cl prev="#c3" xml:id="c5" part="F">
  <cl prev="#c4" xml:id="c6" part="F">Had spoiled his nice new rattle.</cl>
 </cl>
</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

Other methods are also possible; for discussion, see chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures.

The type attribute on linguistic segment categories can be used to provide additional interpretative information about the category. The function attribute on the cl and phr elements can be used to provide additional information about the function of the category. Legal values for these two attributes are not defined by these Guidelines, but should be documented in the segmentation element of the encodingDesc element within the document's header. A general approach to the encoding of linguistic categories for parts of a text is discussed in section 18.4. Linguistic Annotation below.

Using traditional terminology, these attributes provide a convenient way of specifying, for example, that the clause from whence it came is a relative clause modifying another, or that the phrase by the U.S. Supreme Court is a prepositional post-modifier:

<cl>It mattered not
<cl type="relative"
  function="clause_modifier">from whence it came;</cl>
</cl>

⚓︎

<phr type="NP">the year segregation</phr>
<phr>was outlawed</phr>
<phr type="PP"
 function="postmodifier-agent">by the U.S. Supreme Court.</phr>

⚓︎

Segmentation into clauses and phrases can, of course, be combined. Such detailed encodings as the following may require careful formatting if they are to be easily readable however.

<p>
 <s>
  <cl type="finite-declarative"
   function="independent">
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">Nineteen fifty-four,
   <cl type="finite-relative-declarative"
     function="appositive">when <phr type="NP" function="subject">I</phr>
     <phr type="VP" function="predicate">was eighteen years old</phr>
    </cl>
   </phr>,
  <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
    <phr type="V" function="verb-main">is held</phr>
    <phr type="NP" function="complement">
     <cl type="nonfinite"
      function="predicate-nom.">
      <phr type="V" function="copula">to be</phr>
      <phr type="NP"
       function="predicate-nom.">a crucial turning point
      <phr type="PP"
        function="postmodifier">in
       <phr type="NP" function="prep.obj.">the history
        <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">of the Afro-American</phr>
        </phr>
       </phr>
             —
      <phr type="PP"
        function="postmodifier-appositive">for
       <phr type="NP" function="prep.obj.">the U.S.A.
        <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">as a whole</phr>
        </phr>
       </phr>
      </phr>
           —
     <phr type="NP"
       function="appositive-predicate-nom.">the year
      <cl type="finite-relative"
        function="adjectival">
        <phr type="NP" function="subject">segregation</phr>
        <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
         <phr type="V" function="verb-main">was outlawed</phr>
         <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">by the U.S. Supreme Court</phr>
        </phr>
       </cl>
      </phr>
     </cl>
    </phr>
   </phr>.</cl>
 </s>
 <s>
  <cl type="finite-declarative"
   function="independent">
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">It</phr>
   <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
    <phr type="V" function="verb-main">was</phr>
       also
   <phr type="NP"
     function="predicate-nom.">a crucial year for me</phr>
   </phr>
   <cl type="declarative-finite"
    function="dependent-causative">because
   <phr type="PP"
     function="sentence_adverb">on June 18, 1954</phr>,
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">I</phr>
    <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
     <phr type="V" function="verb-main">began serving</phr>
     <phr type="NP" function="complement">a sentence in state prison
     <phr type="PP" function="complement">for possession of marijuana</phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
   </cl>
  </cl>
 </s>.
</p>

⚓︎

This style of markup may introduce spurious new lines and blanks into the text. If the original layout is important, it should be explicitly encoded, using such facilities as the lb element, the global rend or rendition attributes, etc.

The w, m, and c elements are identical in meaning to the seg element with a type attribute of ‘w’, ‘m’, or ‘c’ respectively, and may occur wherever seg is permitted to occur. However, their content is more constrained than seg: for example, the w element should only contain w, m, c elements or pc elements, or plain text; the m element should contain only c or pc elements or plain text; both the c and pc elements should contain only plain text, most often only a single character or a sequence of graphemes to be treated as a single character. Consequently, while these more specific elements can be translated directly into typed seg elements, the reverse is not necessarily the case.

The restriction on the content of the w element in particular requires that a certain care must be exercised when using it, especially in relation to the use of other tags that one may think of as word level, but which are in fact defined as phrase level. Consider the problem of segmenting an occurrence of the mentioned element as a word.

<mentioned>grandiloquent</mentioned>

⚓︎

The first of the following two encodings is legitimate; the second is not, since the mentioned element is not part of the content model of the w element:

<mentioned>
 <w>grandiloquent</w>
</mentioned>

⚓︎

<w>
 <mentioned>grandiloquent</mentioned>
</w>

⚓︎

On the other hand, both of the following encodings are legitimate:

<mentioned>
 <phr>grandiloquent speech</phr>
</mentioned>

⚓︎

<phr>
 <mentioned>grandiloquent speech</mentioned>
</phr>

⚓︎

The first encoding describes the citing of a phrase. The second describes a phrase which consists of something mentioned.

The w element carries additional attributes which may be of use in many indexing or analytic applications. The lemma attribute may be used to specify the lemma, that is the head- or uninflected form of an inflected verb or noun, for example:

<s xml:lang="la">
 <w lemma="timeo">timeo</w>
 <w lemma="danaii">Danaos</w>
 <w lemma="et">et</w>
 <w lemma="donum">dona</w>
 <w lemma="fero">ferentes</w>
</s>

⚓︎

In some situations it may be more convenient to use the lemmaRef pointer attribute than to supply an explicit uninflected form. This attribute assumes the existence of a list of uninflected forms, for example in an online lexicon, with which individual w entries can be associated using the usual TEI pointer mechanisms. Assuming that a standardized lexicon for Latin is available at the location http://lexicon.org/latin.xml, we might for example revise the above example as:

<s xml:lang="la">
 <w lemmaRef="http://lexicon.org/latin.xml#timeo">timeo</w>
 <w lemmaRef="http://lexicon.org/latin.xml#danaii">Danaos</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

⚓︎

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TEI: Below the Word Level⚓︎18.1.2. Below the Word Level

It is sometimes helpful to markup explicitly sub-word components such as morphemes, characters, or punctuation.

m (morpheme) represents a grammatical morpheme.

c (character) represents a character.

pc (punctuation character) contains a character or string of characters regarded as constituting a single punctuation mark.

The m element is used to mark up morphologically identified segmentation below the word level. Analogous to the lemma attribute for w, there is a baseForm attribute for the m element, which may be used to indicate the ‘base form’ of an inflected morpheme; where appropriate, m elements may also be organized hierarchically:

<w type="adjective">
 <m type="base">
  <m type="prefix" baseForm="con">com</m>
  <m type="root">fort</m>
 </m>
 <m type="suffix">able</m>
</w>

⚓︎

The distinction between m and w is provided as a convenience only; it may not be appropriate for all linguistic theories, nor is it meaningful in all languages. The intention is to provide a means for those cases where it is considered helpful to distinguish lexical from sub-lexical tokens, to complement the more general mechanism already provided by the seg element, using which the above example could alternatively be marked up as follows:

<seg type="adjective">
 <seg type="base">
  <seg type="prefix">com</seg>
  <seg type="morph">fort</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="suffix">able</seg>
</seg>

⚓︎

See section 18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation for an alternative to using type in such contexts.

There is a substantial linguistic difference between characters like letters or diacritics and punctuation marks. The former are used to construct meaningful units like morphemes or words. The latter are functionally independent units acting at the level of syntactic units. A word may consist of a single letter (for example ‘I’ in English), but this does not mean that we should use c instead of w to mark it up.

The c (character) element should be used to mark up any non-lexical character, whether this appears within a word, or outside it. In the following example, the encoder wishes to indicate that the letters are not to be regarded as words:

<phr>
 <c>M</c>
 <c>O</c>
 <c>A</c>
 <c>I</c>
 <w>doth</w>
 <w>sway</w>
 <w>my</w>
 <w>life</w>
</phr>

bibliography ⚓︎

The c element may be used for individual characters occurring within a w or m element which it is desired to distinguish for some reason, as in the following examples:

<m baseForm="not">
 <c>n</c>
 <c type="punct">'</c>
 <c>t</c>
</m>

⚓︎

This encoding represents the constituents of a common abbreviation, but does not indicate that it is in fact an abbreviation; the am element (12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion) may be preferred for the latter purpose. Generally speaking, the use of c use to mark non-lexical punctuation marks is deprecated, since the pc element is provided specifically to distinguish these.

The pc (punctuation character) element should be used to mark up characters which are specifically regarded as providing punctuation, rather than constituting parts of a word. It may be particularly useful when transcribing older written materials, in which an encoding of the original punctuation may be useful for interpretive or analytic purposes, in much the same way as an encoding of the original orthography may be. For example, in the following extract from a Bodleian Library musical manuscript

two different punctuation marks are used to distinguish kinds of pause in the text. The punctus elevatus (which resembles an inverted semicolon) is not a Unicode character, but may still be encoded using the g element. As further described in chapter 5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes, this element points to a definition for the intended character which may be stored either locally or elsewhere.

deus qui regis omnia
<pc>
 <g ref="#pelev">;</g>
</pc> natus est in bethlehem
<pc>.</pc>o <pc>.</pc> mira gratia...

<!-- elsewhere -->
<char xml:id="pelev">
<!-- definition of the punctus elevatus character -->
</char>

bibliography ⚓︎

The pc element carries special attributes to record analyses of the functional behaviour or classification of the punctuation mark it contains. The unit attribute may be used, as on the milestone element to name the kind of unit which the punctuation mark delimits, for example a paragraph or section. The pre attribute may be used to indicate whether the punctuation precedes or follows the unit it delimits. The force attribute indicates the strength of the association between the punctuation mark and its adjacent word.

In the following example, the paragraph marker (¶) has been tagged as a strong punctuation mark, preceding the unit it marks, which is named ‘para’:

<p>
 <pc unit="para" force="strong" pre="true">¶</pc>Incipit...
</p>

⚓︎

A similar encoding can be used for hyphenation:

A fire<pc force="strong">-</pc>proof vest is recom<pc force="weak">-</pc><lb/> mended. 

⚓︎

Refer to 3.2.2. Hyphenation for a discussion of the motivations for explicitely recording the presence of hyphens.

The w, m, c, and pc elements can be used together to give a fairly detailed low-level grammatical analysis of text. For example, consider the following segmentation of the English S-unit I didn't do it.

<w>I</w>
<w>
 <m baseForm="do">did</m>
 <m>n't</m>
</w>
<w lemma="do">do</w>
<w>it</w>
<pc>.</pc>

⚓︎

This segmentation, crude as it is, succeeds in representing the idea that did occurring as a morphological component of the word didn't has something in common with the word <do>. A further advantage of segmenting the text down to this level is that it becomes relatively simple to associate each such segment with a more detailed formal analysis, for example by providing a baseform, or morphological analysis at whichever level is appropriate. This matter is taken up in detail in section 18.4. Linguistic Annotation.

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TEI: Global Attributes for Simple Analyses⚓︎18.2. Global Attributes for Simple Analyses

When the module described by this chapter is selected, an additional attribute is defined for all elements:

att.global.analytic provides additional global attributes for associating specific analyses or interpretations with appropriate portions of a text.

ana
(analysis) indicates one or more elements containing interpretations of the element on which the ana attribute appears.

The ana attribute may be specified for any element. Its effect is to associate the element with one or more others representing an analysis or interpretation of it. Its target should be one of the elements described in the section 18.3. Spans and Interpretations below, or some other interpretative element such as note, on which see section 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing or fs, on which see chapter 19. Feature Structures. If a hierarchical form of classification is desired then it may point to category element at a suitable level in a taxonomy see 2.3.7. The Classification Declaration.

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TEI: Spans and Interpretations⚓︎18.3. Spans and Interpretations

The simplest mechanisms for attaching analytic notes in some structured vocabulary to particular passages of text are provided by the span and interp elements, and their associated grouping elements spanGrp and interpGrp.

span associates an interpretative annotation directly with a span of text.

spanGrp (span group) collects together span tags.

interp (interpretation) summarizes a specific interpretative annotation which can be linked to a span of text.

interpGrp (interpretation group) collects together a set of related interpretations which share responsibility or type.

These elements are all members of the class att.interpLike, and thus share the following attribute:

att.interpLike provides attributes for elements which represent a formal analysis or interpretation.

inst
(instances) points to instances of the analysis or interpretation represented by the current element.

They also inherit the following attributes from att.global.responsibility:

att.global.responsibility provides attributes indicating the agent responsible for some aspect of the text, the markup or something asserted by the markup, and the degree of certainty associated with it.

cert | (certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation.
resp | (responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber.

The type attribute of the span and interp elements may be used to indicate that the annotations are of specific types, for example thematic or structural. The annotation itself is supplied as the content of the span or interp element. In the case of the span element, the span of text being annotated is indicated by values of the from, to or target attributes, used in combination as follows. If only the from attribute is supplied, then the span is coterminous with the element indicated by its value; if both from and to are supplied, the span runs from the start of the element indicated by the from attribute up to the end of the element indicated by the to attribute; if the target attribute is used, the span is defined by aggregating the contents of the (possibly non-contiguous) elements pointed to by its values. It is an error to supply only the to attribute; to supply more than one pointer value for either to or from attributes; or to supply either of these in conjunction with the target attribute. In the case of interp (see below), the span is indicated by a pointer from a link element or some similar mechanism. The resp attribute indicates the annotator responsible for this annotation.

The span element provides a simple way of indicating such features as phrasal verbs in a linguistic analysis, as in this example:

<s>
 <w>What</w>
 <w>did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk01">make</w>
 <w xml:id="up01">up</w>
</s>
<span from="#mk01" to="#up01">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

⚓︎

Here the two components of the span follow each other, so the to and from attributes may be used. The same effect could however be achieved by using the target attribute:

<s>
 <w>What</w>
 <w>did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk02">make</w>
 <w xml:id="up02">up</w>
</s>
<span target="#mk02 #up02">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

⚓︎

This second approach might be cumbersome if the number of components to be combined is very large. It is however essential if the components do not follow each other, as in this example:

<s>
 <w>Did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk03">make</w>
 <w>it</w>
 <w xml:id="up03">up</w>
</s>
<span target="#mk03 #up03">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

⚓︎

The span element can be used for any kind of annotation. In this example it is used in a narratological analysis:

<p xml:id="MaQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point at which the
   thing began.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable,
   and nothing could have frightened it away.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration, during which she,
   and the little animals, and the moving grasses, and the sun-warmed
   trees, and the slopes of shivering silvery mealies, and the great
   dome of blue light overhead, and the stones of earth under her feet,
   became one, shuddering together in a dissolution of dancing
   atoms.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground forcing
   themselves painfully along her veins, swelling them out in an
   unbearable pressure; her flesh was the earth, and suffered growth
   like a ferment; and her eyes stared, fixed like the eye of the
   sun.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer (if the terms for time
   apply) could she have borne it; but then, with a sudden movement
   forwards and out, the whole process stopped; and <emph rend="italic">that</emph> was <soCalled rend="dquo">the
     moment</soCalled> which it was impossible to remember
   afterwards.</s>
 <span from="#MaQp1s2p114s3"
  to="#MaQp1s2p114s5">the moment</span>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time (which was
   timeless) she understood quite finally her smallness, the
   unimportance of humanity.</s>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

The span element may, as in this example, be placed in the text near the textual span it is associated with. Alternatively, it may be placed elsewhere in the same or a different document. Where several span or interp elements share the same attributes, for example having the same responsibility or type, it may be convenient to group them within a spanGrp or interpGrp element as follows:

<spanGrp resp="#DTL">
 <span from="#MaQp1s2p114s3"
  to="#MaQp1s2p114s5">the moment</span>
<!-- other spans identified by DTL here -->
</spanGrp>

⚓︎

Spans may also be used to represent structural divisions within a narrative, particularly when these do not coincide with the structure implied by the element structure. Consider the following narrative:

Sigmund, the son of Volsung, was a king in Frankish country. Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons, the second was Helgi, the third Hamund. Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother named — But Sinfiotli, her stepson, and — both wooed the same woman and Sinfiotli killed him over it.⁷⁹ And when he came home, Borghild asked him to go away, but Sigmund offered her weregild, and she was obliged to accept it. At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer. She took poison, a big drinking horn full, and brought it to Sinfiotli. When Sinfiotli looked into the horn, he saw that poison was in it, and said to Sigmund ‘This drink is cloudy, old man.’ Sigmund took the horn and drank it off. It is said that Sigmund was hardy and that poison did him no harm, inside or out. And all his sons could tolerate poison on their skin. Borghild brought another horn to Sinfiotli, and asked him to drink, and everything happened as before. And a third time she brought him a horn, and reproachful words as well, if he didn't drink from it. He spoke again to Sigmund as before. He said ‘Filter it through your mustache, son!’ Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.

Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms and came to a long, narrow fjord, and there was a small boat there and a man in it. He offered to ferry Sigmund over the fjord. But when Sigmund carried the body out to the boat, it was fully laden. The man said Sigmund should go around the fjord inland. The man pushed the boat out and then suddenly vanished.

King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark in the kingdom of Borghild, after he married her. Then he went south to Frankish lands, to the kingdom he had there. Then he married Hiordis, the daughter of King Eylimi. Their son was Sigurd. King Sigmund fell in a battle with the sons of Hunding. And then Hiordis married Alf, the son of King Hialprec. Sigurd grew up there as a boy.

Sigmund and all his sons were tall and outstanding in their strength, their growth, their intelligence, and their accomplishments. But Sigurd was the most outstanding of all, and everyone who knows about the old days says he was the most outstanding of men and the noblest of all the warrior kings.

A structural analysis of this text, dividing it into narrative units in a pattern shared with other texts from the same literature, might look like this:

<p xml:id="P1">
 <s xml:id="S1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
 <s xml:id="S2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
 <s xml:id="S3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ...</s>
 <s xml:id="S4A">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="S4B">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
 <s xml:id="S7">She took poison ... and brought it to Sinfiotli.</s>
 <s xml:id="S17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 <anchor xml:id="EOS17"/>
</p>
<p xml:id="P2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="P3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="P4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<spanGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="narrative-structure">
 <span from="#S1" to="#S3">introduction</span>
 <span from="#S4A">conflict</span>
 <span from="#S4B">climax</span>
 <span from="#S5" to="#S17">revenge</span>
 <span from="#EOS17">reconciliation</span>
 <span from="#P2" to="#P4">aftermath</span>
</spanGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note the use of an empty anchor element to provide a target for the ‘reconciliation’ unit which is normally part of the narrative pattern but which is not realized in the text shown.

The same analysis may be expressed with the interp element instead of the span element; this element provides attributes for recording an interpretive category and its value, as well as the identity of the interpreter, but does not itself indicate which passage of text is being interpreted; the same interpretive structures can thus be associated with many passages of the text. The association between text passages and interp elements should be made either by pointing from the text to the interp element with the ana attribute defined in section 18.2. Global Attributes for Simple Analyses, or by pointing at both text and interpretation from a link element, as described in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.

To encode the first example above using interp, it is necessary to create a text element which contains—or corresponds to—the third, fourth, and fifth orthographic sentences (S-units) in the paragraph. This can be done either with the seg element, described in 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors, or the join element, described in 17.7. Aggregation. The resulting element can then be associated with the interp element using the ana attribute described in section 18.2. Global Attributes for Simple Analyses. We illustrate using the seg element.

<p xml:id="MarQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point ... </s>
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable ... </s>
 <seg xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s3-5"
  ana="#moment">
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration ... </s>
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground ... </s>
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time ... </s>
</p>
<interp xml:id="moment">the moment</interp>

⚓︎

The second example above can be recoded using interp and interpGrp tags in a similar manner. The interpretation itself can be expressed in an interpGrp element, which would replace the spanGrp in the example shown above:

<interpGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <interp xml:id="INTRO">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CONFLICT">conflict</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CLIMAX">climax</interp>
 <interp xml:id="REVENGE">revenge</interp>
 <interp xml:id="RECONCIL">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="AFTERM">aftermath</interp>
</interpGrp>

⚓︎

Any of these interp elements may be linked to the text either by means of the ana attribute, or by means of link elements. Using the ana attribute (on seg elements introduced specifically for this purpose), the text would be encoded as follows:

<p xml:id="PP1">
 <seg xml:id="SS1-SS3" ana="#INTRO">
  <s xml:id="SS1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="SS4A" ana="#CONFLICT">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="SS4B" ana="#CLIMAX">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <seg xml:id="SS5-SS17" ana="#REVENGE">
  <s xml:id="SS5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 </seg>
</p>
<anchor xml:id="NIL1" ana="#RECONCIL"/>
<p xml:id="PP2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<join xml:id="PP2-PP4"
 target="#PP2 #PP3 #PP4" ana="#AFTERM"/>

⚓︎

The linkage may also be accomplished using a linkGrp element, whose content is a set of link elements which point to each interpretive element and its corresponding text unit. This method does not require the use of the ana attribute on the text units.

<linkGrp targFunc="interpretation text">
 <link target="#INTRO #SS1-SS3"/>
 <link target="#CONFLICT #SS4A"/>
 <link target="#CLIMAX #SS4B"/>
 <link target="#REVENGE #SS5-SS17"/>
 <link target="#RECONCIL #NIL1"/>
 <link target="#AFTERM #PP2-PP4"/>
</linkGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

One obvious advantage of using interp rather than span elements for the Sigmund text is that the interp elements can be reused for marking up other texts in the same document, whereas the span elements cannot. On the other hand, the use of interp elements may require the creation of special text elements not otherwise needed (e.g. the seg and the join in the revised encoding of the text), whereas the use of span elements does not.

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TEI: Linguistic Annotation⚓︎18.4. Linguistic Annotation

By linguistic annotation we mean here any annotation determined by an analysis of linguistic features of the text, excluding as borderline cases both the formal structural properties of the text (e.g. its division into chapters or paragraphs) and descriptive information about its context (the circumstances of its production, its genre or medium). The structural properties of any TEI-conformant text should be represented using the structural elements discussed elsewhere in this chapter and in chapters 3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents, 4. Default Text Structure, 6. Verse, 7. Performance Texts, 8. Transcriptions of Speech, 10. Dictionaries, and 16. Language Corpora. The contextual properties of a TEI text are fully documented in the TEI header, which is discussed in chapter 2. The TEI Header, and in section 16.2. Contextual Information.

Other forms of linguistic annotation may be applied at a number of levels in a text. A code (such as a word-class or part-of-speech code) may be associated with each word or token, or with groups of such tokens, which may be continuous, discontinuous, or nested. A code may also be associated with relationships (such as cohesion) perceived as existing between distinct parts of a text. The codes themselves may stand for discrete and non-decomposable categories, or they may represent highly articulated bundles of textual features. Their function may be to place the annotated part of the text somewhere within a narrowly linguistic or discoursal domain of analysis, or within a more general semantic field, or any combination drawn from these and other domains.

The manner by which such annotations are generated and attached to the text may be entirely automatic, entirely manual or a mixture. The ease and accuracy with which analysis may be automated may vary with the level at which the annotation is attached. The method employed should be documented in the interpretation element within the encoding description of the TEI header, as described in section 2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration. Where different parts of a language corpus have used different annotation methods, the decls attribute may be used to indicate the fact, as further discussed in section 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

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TEI: Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices⚓︎18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

As one example of such types of analysis, consider the following sentence, taken from the Lancaster/IBM Treebank Project (Leech and Garside (1991)).

The victim's friends told police that Kruger drove into the quarry and never surfaced.

Our discussion focuses on the way that this sentence might be analysed using the CLAWS system developed at the University of Lancaster but exactly the same principles may be applied to a wide variety of other systems.⁸⁰ Output from the system consists of a segmented and tokenized version of the text, in which word class codes have been associated with each token. CLAWS offers outputs in a variety of non-XML and XML formats: for example, the simplest format for the sample sentence would be:

The_AT0 victim_NN1 's_POS friends_NN2 told_VVD police_NN2 that_CJT Kruger_NP0
drove_VVD into_PRP the_AT0 quarry_NN1 and_CJC never_AV0 surfaced_VVD⚓

This may be easily transformed into an equivalent TEI XML representation:

<s>
 <w ana="#AT0">The </w>
 <w ana="#NN1">victim</w>
 <w ana="#POS">'s</w>
 <w ana="#NN2">friends </w>
 <w ana="#VVD">told </w>
 <w ana="#NN2">police </w>
 <w ana="#CJT">that </w>
 <w ana="#NP0">Kruger </w>
 <w ana="#VVD">drove </w>
 <w ana="#PRP">into </w>
 <w ana="#AT0">the </w>
 <w ana="#NN1">quarry </w>
 <w ana="#CJC">and </w>
 <w ana="#AV0">never </w>
 <w ana="#VVD">surfaced</w>
</s>

⚓︎

Although the names used for the attribute values here may have some significance for the human reader (AT0 for article, NN1 for singular noun, NN2 for plural noun, etc.) they are arbitrary codes, used in this case as pointers to other elements which define their significance more precisely. If the codes are considered to be atomic, then the interp element described in section 18.3. Spans and Interpretations might be used to supply brief definitions in the header:

<interpGrp type="POS">
 <interp xml:id="AT0">Definite article</interp>
 <interp xml:id="AV0">Adverb</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CJC">Conjunction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CJT">Relative that</interp>
 <interp xml:id="NN1">Noun singular</interp>
 <interp xml:id="NN2">Noun plural</interp>
 <interp xml:id="NP0">Proper noun</interp>
 <interp xml:id="POS">Genitive marker</interp>
 <interp xml:id="PRP">Preposition</interp>
 <interp xml:id="VVD">Verb past tense</interp>
</interpGrp>

⚓︎

If the codes are considered to be compositional (for example that NN1 and NN2 have something in common, namely their noun-ness, which they do not share with, say, VVD), then this compositionality may be most clearly expressed using a mechanism based on the fs element defined in chapter 19. Feature Structures.

This approach requires the text to be fully segmented, using the linguistic segment elements described in section 18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories, so that the scope of the ana attribute used to point to each interpretation is clearly defined. A further analysis into phrase and clause elements can be superimposed on the word and morpheme tagging in the preceding illustration. For example, CLAWS provides the following constituent analysis of the sample sentence (the word class codes have been deleted):

[N [G The victim's G] friends N] [V told [N police N] [Fn that
[N Krueger N] [V [V& drove [P into [N the quarry N]P]V&] and
[V+ never surfaced V+]V]Fn]V]⚓

Treating the labels on the brackets as phrase or clause interpretations, this analysis of the structure of the example sentence can be combined with the word class analysis and represented as follows (the symbol V&"/> representing the first part of a coordinate phrase, has been replaced by V1, and V+, representing the second part, has been replaced by V2).

<s type="sentence">
 <phr ana="#n">
  <phr ana="#gn">
   <w ana="#AT0">The</w>
   <w ana="#NN1">victim</w>
   <m ana="#POS">'s</m>
  </phr>
  <w ana="#NN2">friends</w>
 </phr>
 <phr ana="#v">
  <w ana="#VVD">told</w>
  <phr ana="#n">
   <w ana="#NN2">police</w>
  </phr>
  <cl ana="#fn">
   <w ana="#CJT">that</w>
   <phr ana="#n">
    <w ana="#NP0">Krueger</w>
   </phr>
   <phr ana="#v">
    <phr ana="#v1">
     <w ana="#VVD">drove</w>
     <phr ana="#pr">
      <w ana="#PRP">into</w>
      <phr ana="#n">
       <w ana="#AT0">the</w>
       <w ana="#NN1">quarry</w>
      </phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
    <w ana="#CJC">and</w>
    <phr ana="#v2">
     <w ana="#AV0">never</w>
     <w ana="#VVD">surfaced</w>
    </phr>
   </phr>
  </cl>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">.</c>
</s>

⚓︎

This approach requires the definition of further interp (or fs) elements to provide targets for the pointers used to represent the constituent analysis:

<interpGrp type="constituentFunction">
 <interp xml:id="v2">coordinate continuation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="v">verbal</interp>
 <interp xml:id="no">nominal</interp>
 <interp xml:id="gn">genitive</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fn">finite clause</interp>
 <interp xml:id="pr">prepositional</interp>
 <interp xml:id="v1">coordinate start</interp>
</interpGrp>

⚓︎

Alternatively, a ‘stand-off’ representation for these analyses might be created using the linkGrp element. In this case, each linguistic segment to be annotated must be supplied with its own xml:id attribute:

<s>
 <w xml:id="word-1">The</w>
 <w xml:id="word-2">victim</w>
 <w xml:id="word-3">'s</w>
 <w xml:id="word-4">friends</w>
 <w xml:id="word-5">told</w>
 <w xml:id="word-6">police</w>
 <w xml:id="word-7">that</w>
 <w xml:id="word-8">Kruger</w>
 <w xml:id="word-9">drove</w>
 <w xml:id="word10">into</w>
 <w xml:id="word11">the</w>
 <w xml:id="word12">quarry</w>
 <w xml:id="word13">and</w>
 <w xml:id="word14">never</w>
 <w xml:id="word15">surfaced</w>
</s>

⚓︎

Each segment-interpretation pair may now be represented by means of a link element inside an appropriate linkGrp element:

<linkGrp type="POS-annotation">
 <link target="#word-1 #AT0"/>
 <link target="#word-2 #NN1"/>
 <link target="#word-3 #POS"/>
 <link target="#word-4 #NN2"/>
 <link target="#word-5 #VVD"/>
 <link target="#word-6 #NN2"/>
<!--... -->
</linkGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

Each linguistic segment so far discussed has been well-behaved with respect to the basic document hierarchy, having only a single parent. Moreover, the segmentation has been complete, in that each part of the text is accounted for by some segment at each level of analysis, without discontinuities or overlap. This state of affairs does not of course apply in all types of analysis, and these Guidelines provide a number of mechanisms to support the representation of discontinuities or multiple analyses. A brief overview of these facilities is provided in chapter 21. Non-hierarchical Structures; also see 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. These mechanisms all depend to a greater or lesser degree on the use of pointing elements of various kinds.

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TEI: Lightweight Linguistic Annotation⚓︎18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

While these Guidelines offer a variety of means to add linguistic information to textual units and much of that has been presented above, two kinds of use cases and two groups of users call for a dedicated set of specialized attributes to carry linguistic information. One relevant use case is where basic linguistic information gets added to an existing resource, in which generic attributes such as type or ana have already been used to encode other categorizations and analyses. The other group of users and use cases involves corpus linguists and resources built from scratch as lightly annotated language corpora. In the latter kind of projects, energy and person-hours are not devoted to careful literary analysis and hand-encoding of the relevant phenomena, but rather to the analysis of the completed resources, and therefore the phase of resource-building must be quick and relatively effortless, requiring minimal structural markup, well-established containers for grammatical information, and a standardized way of filling them in.

The aims defined above can be realized by means of lightweight linguistic annotation using attributes that belong to the att.linguistic class:

att.linguistic provides a set of attributes concerning linguistic features of tokens, for usage within token-level elements, specifically w and pc in the analysis module.

lemma | provides a lemma (base form) for the word, typically uninflected and serving both as an identifier (e.g. in dictionary contexts, as a headword), and as a basis for potential inflections.
pos | (part of speech) indicates the part of speech assigned to a token (i.e. information on whether it is a noun, adjective, or verb), usually according to some official reference vocabulary (e.g. for German: STTS, for English: CLAWS, for Polish: NKJP, etc.).
msd | (morphosyntactic description) supplies morphosyntactic information for a token, usually according to some official reference vocabulary (e.g. for German: STTS-large tagset; for a feature description system designed as (pragmatically) universal, see Universal Features).
join | when present, provides information on whether the token in question is adjacent to another, and if so, on which side.

The essence of lightweight linguistic annotation is that the basic grammatical information is encapsulated at the word level, together with the orthographic shape of the word. This has clear advantages for automatic processing but, on the other hand, this form of data encapsulation also imposes restrictions on the extent of information that can be encoded, essentially limiting it to a single tokenization and lemmatization schema, a single tagset, and a subset of the possible analyses (out from potentially many guesses at the part-of-speech or morphosyntactic descriptions, single values have to fit into the existing attributes). Another important principle that this kind of annotation is sensitive to is the need for (near) homomorphism between the assumed tokenization (division of the text stream into minimal units) and the division into minimal syntactic units (word forms, in the terminology of ISO Morpho-Syntactic Framework, ISO 24611⁸¹), because it is the former that results from the process of tokenization, but the latter that can be lemmatized and meaningfully described by means of grammatical features. Where tokens are only minimally mismatched with word forms, various repair strategies can be used (e.g., recursing w to capture multi-token compounds or using att.fragmentable to point at disjoint tokens). Beyond that, more robust TEI mechanisms, based on standoff principles and feature structures, should replace lightweight annotation.

The basic grammatical information encoded by means of att.linguistic is sufficient for the purpose of enhancing queries or improving the analysis of search results by, for example, making it possible to distinguish between the noun cut and the identically spelled verb cut in English, and further between e.g. the present-tense form of cut and its past-tense or past-participial forms. For the former contrast, the part-of-speech (pos) attribute should be used, whereas the latter may use pos and/or msd attributes, depending on the annotation vocabulary adopted for the project in question. The various grammatical realizations of a single ‘dictionary word’ can be captured by means of the attribute lemma, which provides a common label for them. For example, English verbs are typically lemmatized as the base form (also called bare infinitive), so the value of lemma for the verbal forms write, writes, wrote, written, and writing is typically write.

Together with the span-delimiting elements mentioned in this section, such as s, cl, or phr, lightweight grammatical annotation may be used to build basic syntactic constituency structures, where hierarchical information is expressed through span containment rather than by relations among tree nodes. This is however the limit of this kind of annotation: for the purpose of describing true constituency or dependency syntactic structures, one needs to turn to more robust mechanisms offered by the TEI, which may involve graph description (see chapter 20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees) or standoff techniques (see section 17.9. Stand-off Markup), and where grammatical labels may need to be annotated by means of feature structures (see chapter 19. Feature Structures).

Some of the above-mentioned robust methods will also prove handy in cases where more than one tagset (label inventory) is used to label the words, or where automatic morphological analysis yields multiple possibilities (for example, the form cutting is morphologically ambiguous between verbal, adjectival, and nominal) and needs to be followed by (often also automatic) disambiguation in morphosyntactic contexts, with varying probabilities that may also need to be recorded together with their corresponding part-of-speech and morphosyntactic values.

It should be borne in mind that tokenization, lemmatization, part-of-speech identification, and morphosyntactic labelling, especially when performed automatically, should in most cases be seen as involving pragmatic decisions, dictated by concrete practical goals, economy of description, or the demands of particular analytic and/or visualization tools. It comes therefore as no surprise that numerous alternative (and often conflicting) lemmatization strategies and tagsets exist, in use by various communities and various tools, and that they change with time (a case in point is the CLAWS tagset for English, with several versions that merge the part-of-speech and morphosyntactic information to various degrees). ⁸² The nature and description of these systems is outside the scope of these Guidelines, but it has to be stressed that all the strategies adopted for linguistic annotation, even at the lightweight level of complexity, must be documented in the header of the given electronic resource, not only for the purpose of guaranteeing successful data interpretation and exchange, but also for the sake of sustainability of the results of the given project.

The last of the att.linguistic attributes, join, has the most text-technological flavour. It can be used to amend the loss of whitespace-related information in non-inline markup.

Compare the following two listings. The first difference between them is in the tagset used (CLAWS-5 vs. CLAWS-7) and only serves to exemplify the need to document the choice of descriptive vocabulary in the header, lest the encoded information is unreadable or confusing. The second difference is the difference in the treatment of inter-token whitespace, and it is here that the join attribute proves indispensable.

The first example listing uses CLAWS-5 and inline annotation, where whitespace serves as part of the markup:

<s><w pos="AT0">The</w> <w pos="NN1">victim</w><w pos="POS">'s</w> <w pos="NN2">friends</w>     <w pos="VVD">told</w> <w pos="NN2">police</w> <w pos="CJT">that</w> <w pos="NP0">Kruger</w>     <w pos="VVD">drove</w> <w pos="PRP">into</w> <w pos="AT0">the</w> <w pos="NN1">quarry</w>     <w pos="CJC">and</w> <w pos="AV0">never</w> <w pos="SENT">surfaced</w><pc pos="PUN">.</pc></s>

⚓︎

In the second example, the attribute join is the only way to encode whether two tokens are adjacent or not:

<s>
 <w pos="AT">The</w>
 <w pos="NN1">victim</w>
 <w pos="GE" join="left">'s</w>
 <w pos="NN2">friends</w>
 <w pos="VVD">told</w>
 <w pos="NN2">police</w>
 <w pos="CST">that</w>
 <w pos="NP1">Kruger</w>
 <w pos="VVD">drove</w>
 <w pos="II">into</w>
 <w pos="AT">the</w>
 <w pos="NN1">quarry</w>
 <w pos="CC">and</w>
 <w pos="RR">never</w>
 <w pos="VVD">surfaced</w>
 <pc pos="." join="left">.</pc>
</s>

⚓︎

Note that projects will need to decide whether they want to redundantly encode full information on the adjacency of each token (in which case, the above listing should also have join with the value right on the tokens victim and surfaced, or whether information on a single direction of adjacency is enough. Strategies vary, and it is important to document them in the TEI header.

The following example shows a German sentence Wir fahren in den Urlaub. (‘We're going on vacation.’) annotated with all the attributes discussed above.⁸³

<s>
 <w pos="PPER" lemma="wir"
  msd="pers:subst:p1:nom:pl">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" lemma="fahren"
  msd="p1:pl:pres:ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" lemma="in" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" lemma="d"
  msd="def:acc:sg:masc">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" lemma="Urlaub"
  msd="acc:sg:masc">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." lemma="." msd="--" join="left">.</pc>
</s>

⚓︎

The final examples lay out a strategy for dealing with e.g. historical corpora where it is on the one hand important to maintain a steady stream of token-level elements (w and pc) for efficient processing, but, on the other hand, it is also important to either record the original spelling (when the corpus text is normalized) or to record the normalized variants (when the element content of the corpus preserves the original spelling). The attribute class att.lexicographic.normalized can be used for that purpose:

att.lexicographic.normalized provides attributes for usage within word-level elements in the analysis module and within lexicographic microstructure in the dictionaries module.

norm | (normalized) provides the normalized/standardized form of information present in the source text in a non-normalized form.
orig | (original) gives the original string or is the empty string when the element does not appear in the source text.

The first fragment below comes from "Gottfried, Newe Welt Vnd Americanische Historien. Frankfurt/M., 1631" encoded in the Deutsches Textarchiv and records normalized forms in the norm attribute.

<w norm="unvermutete">vnuermuthete</w>
<w norm="Freundschaft">Freundſchafft</w>
<w norm="angeboten">angebotten</w>

⚓︎

The following example comes from the EarlyPrint project and uses the attribute orig to record the original spelling (note that the xml:id attributes have been removed for the sake of readability).

<w lemma="he" pos="pns">he</w>
<w lemma="have" pos="vvz">hath</w>
<w lemma="bring" pos="vvn">brought</w>
<w lemma="forth" pos="av" orig="sorth">forth</w>

⚓︎

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TEI: Spoken Text⚓︎18.4.3. Spoken Text

The mechanisms proposed in this chapter may also be used to encode analyses of an entirely different kind, for example discourse function. Here is an application of the span technique to record details of a sales transaction in a spoken text.

<u xml:id="u1">Can I have ten oranges and a kilo of bananas please?</u>
<u xml:id="u2">Yes, anything else?</u>
<u xml:id="u3">No thanks.</u>
<u xml:id="u4">That'll be dollar forty.</u>
<u xml:id="u5">Two dollars</u>
<u xml:id="u6">Sixty, eighty, two dollars. Thank you.</u>
<spanGrp type="transactions">
 <span from="#u1">sale request</span>
 <span from="#u2" to="#u3">sale compliance</span>
 <span from="#u4">sale</span>
 <span from="#u5">purchase</span>
 <span from="#u6">purchase closure</span>
</spanGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

For further discussion of the u (utterance) element and other elements recommended for transcriptions of spoken language, see chapter 8. Transcriptions of Speech.

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TEI: Module for Analysis and Interpretation⚓︎18.5. Module for Analysis and Interpretation

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module analysis: Simple analytic mechanisms

Elements defined: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

Classes defined: att.global.analytic att.lexicographic.normalized att.linguistic

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

76

Or, as they are widely known, attribute-value pairs; this term should not be confused, however, with XML attributes and their values, which are similar in concept but distinct in their formal definitions.

77

The att.lexicographic.normalized class is also used in dictionary entries, as discussed in chapter 10. Dictionaries.

78

Neither this constraint, nor the requirement that the whole of the text be segmented by s elements is required by the TEI Guidelines.

79

The rule marks spaces left for the missing name in the manuscript.

80

For the word-class tagging method used by CLAWS see Marshall (1983); For an overview of the system see Garside et al. (1991). The example sentence was processed using an online version of the CLAWS tagger at http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/claws/

81

All definitions contained within ISO standards can be accessed at the ISO Online Browsing Platform. For ISO MAF, see https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:24611:ed-1:v1:en.

82

Given that the English language has relatively poor inflectional morphology, the decision to merge part-of-speech symbols with morphosyntactic features (as in, e.g., CLAWS-7, where the value PPHO1 signals the 3rd person singular objective personal pronoun) is fully justified as the most economical approach. For languages with more robust inflection, the pos and msd attributes will either be used separately, or the part-of-speech information will be merged into the morphosyntactic description.

83

The annotation values have been adapted from the CLARIN Weblicht service, where e.g. the full morphosyntactic description of the first item reads: [cat pronoun, personal true, substituting true, person 1, case nominative, number plural], and has been mapped from a sequence of attribute-value pairs suitable for feature structure notation, into a compressed form that fits inside a single attribute value.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

19. Feature Structures

Table of contents

19.1. Organization of this Chapter

19.2. Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

19.8. Feature Value Expressions

19.9. Default Values

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

19.11. Feature System Declaration

19.12. Formal Definition and Implementation

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A feature structure is a general purpose data structure which identifies and groups together individual features, each of which associates a name with one or more values. Because of the generality of feature structures, they can be used to represent many different kinds of information, but they are of particular usefulness in the representation of linguistic analyses, especially where such analyses are partial, or underspecified. Feature structures represent the interrelations among various pieces of information, and their instantiation in markup provides a metalanguage for the generic representation of analyses and interpretations. Moreover, this instantiation allows feature values to be of specific types, and for restrictions to be placed on the values for particular features, by means of feature system declarations.⁸⁴

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TEI: Organization of this Chapter⚓︎19.1. Organization of this Chapter

This chapter is organized as follows. Following this introduction, section 19.2. Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value introduces the elements fs and f, used to represent feature structures and features respectively, together with the elementary binary feature value. Section 19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values introduces elements for representing other kinds of atomic feature values such as symbolic, numeric, and string values. Section 19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries introduces the notion of predefined libraries or groups of features or feature values along with methods for referencing their components. Section 19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values introduces complex values, in particular feature-structures as values, thus enabling feature structures to be recursively defined. Section 19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values discusses other complex values, in particular values which are collections, organized as sets, bags, and lists. Section 19.8. Feature Value Expressions discusses how the operations of alternation, negation, and collection of feature values may be represented. Section 19.9. Default Values discusses ways of representing underspecified, default, or uncertain values. Section 19.10. Linking Text and Analysis discusses how analyses may be linked to other parts of an encoded text. Section 19.11. Feature System Declaration describes the feature system declaration, a construct which provides for the validation of typed feature structures. Formal definitions for all the elements introduced in this chapter are provided in section 19.12. Formal Definition and Implementation.

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TEI: Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value⚓︎19.2. Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value

The fundamental elements used to represent a feature structure analysis are f (for feature), which represents a feature-value pair, and fs (for feature structure), which represents a structure made up of such feature-value pairs. The fs element has an optional type attribute which may be used to represent typed feature structures, and may contain any number of f elements. An f element has a required name attribute and an associated value. The value may be simple: that is, a single binary, numeric, symbolic (i.e. taken from a restricted set of legal values), or string value, or a collection of such values, organized in various ways, for example, as a list; or it may be complex, that is, it may itself be a feature structure, thus providing a degree of recursion. Values may be under-specified or defaulted in various ways. These possibilities are all described in more detail in this and the following sections.

Feature and feature-value representations (including feature structure representations) may be embedded directly at any point in an XML document, or they may be collected together in special-purpose feature or feature-value libraries. The components of such libraries may then be referenced from other feature or feature-value representations, using the feats or fVal attribute as appropriate.

We begin by considering the simple case of a feature structure which contains binary-valued features only. The following three XML elements are needed to represent such a feature structure:

fs (feature structure) represents a feature structure, that is, a collection of feature-value pairs organized as a structural unit.

type | specifies the type of the feature structure.
feats | (features) references the feature-value specifications making up this feature structure.

f (feature) represents a feature value specification, that is, the association of a name with a value of any of several different types.

name | a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name (see https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#dt-name), providing a name for the feature.
fVal | (feature value) references any element which can be used to represent the value of a feature.

binary (binary value) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which can contain either of exactly two possible values.

The attributes feats and the fVal are not discussed in this section: they provide an alternative way of indicating the content of an element, as further discussed in section 19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries.

An fs element containing f elements with binary values can be straightforwardly used to encode the matrices of feature-value specifications for phonetic segments, such as the following for the English segment [s].

+--- ---+ | consonantal + | | vocalic - | | voiced - | | anterior + | | coronal + | | continuant + | | strident + | +--- ---+⚓

This representation may be encoded in XML as follows:

<fs type="phonological_segments">
 <f name="consonantal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="vocalic">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f name="voiced">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f name="anterior">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="coronal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="continuant">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="strident">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that fs elements may have an optional type attribute to indicate the kind of feature structure in question, whereas f elements must have a name attribute to indicate the name of the feature. Feature structures need not be typed, but features must be named. Similarly, the fs element may be empty, but the f element must specify its value either directly as content, by means of the fVal attribute, or implicitly by reference to a feature system declaration.

The restriction of specific features to specific types of values (e.g. the restriction of the feature strident to a binary value) requires additional validation, as does any restriction on the features available within a feature structure of a particular type (e.g. whether a feature structure of type phonological segment necessarily contains a feature voiced). Such validation may be carried out at the document level, using special purpose processing, at the schema level using additional validation rules, or at the declarative level, using an additional mechanism such as the feature-system declaration discussed in 19.11. Feature System Declaration.

Although we have used the term binary for this kind of value, and its representation in XML uses values such as true and false (or, equivalently, 1 and 0), it should be noted that such values are not restricted to propositional assertions. As this example shows, this kind of value is intended for use with any binary-valued feature.

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TEI: Other Atomic Feature Values⚓︎19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

Features may take other kinds of atomic value. In this section, we define elements which may be used to represent: symbolic values, numeric values, and string values. The module defined by this chapter allows for the specification of additional datatypes if necessary, by extending the underlying class model.featureVal.single. If this is done, it is recommended that only the basic W3C datatypes should be used; more complex datatyping should be represented as feature structures.

symbol (symbolic value) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains one of a finite list of symbols.

value
supplies a symbolic value for the feature, one of a finite list that may be specified in a feature declaration.

numeric (numeric value) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains a numeric value or range.

string (string value) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains a string.

The symbol element is used for the value of a feature when that feature can have any of a small, finite set of possible values, representable as character strings. For example, the following might be used to represent the claim that the Latin noun form mensas (tables) has accusative case, feminine gender, and plural number:

<fs>
 <f name="case">
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </f>
 <f name="gender">
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

More formally, this representation shows a structure in which three features (case, gender, and number) are used to define morpho-syntactic properties of a word. Each of these features can take one of a small number of values (for example, case can be nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, etc.) and it is therefore appropriate to represent the values taken in this instance as symbol elements. Note that, instead of using a symbolic value for grammatical number, one could have named the feature singular or plural and given it an appropriate binary value, as in the following example:

<fs>
 <f name="case">
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </f>
 <f name="gender">
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </f>
 <f name="singular">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

Whether one uses a binary or symbolic value in situations like this is largely a matter of taste.

The string element is used for the value of a feature when that value is a string drawn from a very large or potentially unbounded set of possible strings of characters, so that it would be impractical or impossible to use the symbol element. The string value is expressed as the content of the string element, rather than as an attribute value. For example, one might encode a street address as follows:

<fs>
 <f name="address">
  <string>3418 East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

⚓︎

The numeric element is used when the value of a feature is a numeric value, or a range of such values. For example, one might wish to regard the house number and the street name as different features, using an encoding like the following:

<fs>
 <f name="houseNumber">
  <numeric value="3418"/>
 </f>
 <f name="streetName">
  <string>East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

⚓︎

If the numeric value to be represented falls within a specific range (for example an address that spans several numbers), the max attribute may be used to supply an upper limit:

<fs>
 <f name="houseNumber">
  <numeric value="3418" max="3440"/>
 </f>
 <f name="streetName">
  <string>East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

⚓︎

It is also possible to specify that the numeric value (or values) represented should (or should not) be truncated. For example, assuming that the daily rainfall in mm is a feature of interest for some address, one might represent this by an encoding like the following:

<fs>
 <f name="dailyRainFall">
  <numeric value="0.0" max="1.3"
   trunc="false"/>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

This represents any of the infinite number of numeric values falling between 0 and 1.3; by contrast

<fs>
 <f name="dailyRainFall">
  <numeric value="0.0" max="1.3"
   trunc="true"/>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

represents only two possible values: 0 and 1.

Some communities of practice, notably those with a strong computer-science bias, prefer to dissociate the information on the value of the given feature from the specification of the data type that this value represents. In such cases, feature values can be provided directly as textual content of f, with the assumption that the data type is specified by the schema. The following is an example taken from ISO 24612, presenting the symbolic values for Active Voice and Simple Present Tense in the untyped form:

<fs>
 <f name="voice">active</f>
 <f name="tense">SimPre</f>
</fs>

⚓︎

As noted above, additional processing is necessary to ensure that appropriate values are supplied for particular features, for example to ensure that the feature singular is not given a value such as <symbol value="feminine"/>. There are two ways of attempting to ensure that only certain combinations of feature names and values are used. First, if the total number of legal combinations is relatively small, one can predefine all of them in a construct known as a feature library, and then reference the combination required using the feats attribute in the enclosing fs element, rather than give it explicitly. This method is suitable in the situation described above, since it requires specifying a total of only ten (5 + 3 + 2) combinations of features and values. Similarly, to ensure that only feature structures containing valid combinations of feature values are used, one can put definitions for all valid feature structures inside a feature value library (so called, since a feature structure may be the value of a feature). A total of 30 feature structures (5 × 3 × 2) is required to enumerate all the possible combinations of individual case, gender and number values in the preceding illustration. We discuss the use of such libraries and their representation in XML further in section 19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries below.

However, the most general method of attempting to ensure that only legal combinations of feature names and values are used is to provide a feature-system declaration discussed in 19.11. Feature System Declaration.

Whether at the level of feature-system declarations, feature- and feature-value libraries, or individual features, it is possible to align both feature names and their values with standardized external data category repositories. ⁸⁵ In the following example, both the feature part_of_speech and its value NN (standing for ‘common noun’) are aligned with the respective definitions provided by the CLARIN Concept Registry (CCR).

<fs>
 <f name="part_of_speech"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
  <symbol valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"
   value="NN"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

⚓︎

Since the above representation takes up a lot of space and quickly becomes redundant and error-prone, it is possible to delegate the task of aligning with external repositories to elements such as fLib, fvLib, fDecl, or fsDecl to reduce the feature representation at hand and to increase its readability at the same time, as shown in the example below.

<fs>
<!-- ... -->
 <f name="POS" fVal="#common_noun"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

⚓︎

The value common_noun should best be listed (as an xml:id) either in a library of feature values (fvLib, see the following section) or in a taxonomy element.

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TEI: Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries⚓︎19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

As the examples in the preceding section suggest, the direct encoding of feature structures can be verbose. Moreover, it is often the case that particular feature-value combinations, or feature structures composed of them, are re-used in different analyses. To reduce the size and complexity of the task of encoding feature structures, one may use the feats attribute of the fs element to point to one or more of the feature-value specifications for that element. This indirect method of encoding feature structures presumes that the f elements are assigned unique xml:id values, and are collected together in fLib elements (feature libraries). In the same way, feature values of whatever type can be collected together in fvLib elements (feature-value libraries). If a feature has as its value a feature structure or other value which is predefined in this way, the fVal attribute may be used to point to it, as discussed in the next section. The following elements are used for representing feature libraries and feature-value libraries:

fLib (feature library) assembles a library of f (feature) elements.

fvLib (feature-value library) assembles a library of reusable feature value elements (including complete feature structures).

For example, suppose a feature library for phonological feature specifications is set up as follows.

<fLib n="phonological features">
 <f xml:id="CNS1" name="consonantal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNS0" name="consonantal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOC1" name="vocalic">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOC0" name="vocalic">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOI1" name="voiced">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOI0" name="voiced">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="ANT1" name="anterior">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="ANT0" name="anterior">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="COR1" name="coronal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="COR0" name="coronal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNT1" name="continuant">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNT0" name="continuant">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="STR1" name="strident">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="STR0" name="strident">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

bibliography ⚓︎

Then the feature structures that represent the analysis of the phonological segments (phonemes) /t/, /d/, /s/, and /z/ may be defined as follows.

<fs feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI0 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT0 #STR0"/>
<fs feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI1 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT0 #STR0"/>
<fs feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI0 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT1 #STR1"/>
<fs feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI1 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT1 #STR1"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

The preceding are but four of the 128 logically possible fully specified phonological segments using the seven binary features listed in the feature library. Presumably not all combinations of features correspond to phonological segments (there are no strident vowels, for example). The legal combinations, however, can be collected together, each one represented as an identifiable fs element within a feature-value library, as in the following example:

<fvLib xml:id="fsl1"
 n="phonological segment definitions">
<!-- ... -->
 <fs xml:id="T.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI0 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT0 #STR0"/>
 <fs xml:id="D.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI1 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT0 #STR0"/>
 <fs xml:id="S.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI0 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT1 #STR1"/>
 <fs xml:id="Z.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI1 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT1 #STR1"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

bibliography ⚓︎

Once defined, these feature structure values can also be reused. Other f elements may invoke them by reference, using the fVal attribute; for example, one might use them in a feature value pair such as:

<f name="dental-fricative" fVal="#T.DF"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

rather than expanding the hierarchy of the component phonological features explicitly.

The feature structure that concludes section 19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values above, identifying the value of some part of speech to be a common noun, may be used in tandem with a feature-value library, which offers a way to encode a grammatical tagset, in this case containing labels for parts of speech:

<fvLib n="POS values">
 <symbol xml:id="common_noun" value="NN"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <symbol xml:id="proper_noun" value="NP"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

⚓︎

Such a feature-value library combines the standard short symbolic label for a part of speech (e.g., NN) with a mnemonic identifier that can be referenced by means of fVal, and with a persistent identifier, maintained in a public reference taxonomy repository together with the basic definition of the given concept.

Feature structures stored in the way presented in this section may also be associated with the text which they are intended to annotate, either by a link from the text (for example, using the TEI global ana attribute), or by means of stand-off annotation techniques (for example, using the TEI link element): see further section 19.10. Linking Text and Analysis below.

Note that when features or feature structures are linked to in this way, the result is effectively a copy of the item linked to into the place from which it is linked. This form of linking should be distinguished from the phenomenon of structure-sharing, where it is desired to indicate that some part of an annotation structure appears simultaneously in two or more places within the structure. This kind of annotation should be represented using the vLabel element, as discussed in 19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures below.

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TEI: Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values⚓︎19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

Features may have complex values as well as atomic ones; the simplest such complex value is represented by supplying an fs element as the content of an f element, or (equivalently) by supplying the identifier of an fs element as the value for the fVal attribute on the f element. Structures may be nested as deeply as appropriate, using this mechanism. For example, an fs element may contain or point to an f element, which may contain or point to an fs element, which may contain or point to an f element, and so on.

To illustrate the use of complex values, consider the following simple model of a word, as a structure combining surface form information, a syntactic category, and semantic information. Each word analysis is represented as a <fs type='word'> element, containing three features named surface, syntax, and semantics. The first of these has an atomic string value, but the other two have complex values, represented as nested feature structures of types category and act respectively:

<fs type="word">
 <f name="surface">
  <string>love</string>
 </f>
 <f name="syntax">
  <fs type="category">
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="verb"/>
   </f>
   <f name="val">
    <symbol value="transitive"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="semantics">
  <fs type="act">
   <f name="rel">
    <symbol value="LOVE"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

⚓︎

This analysis does not tell us much about the meaning of the symbols verb or transitive. It might be preferable to replace these atomic feature values by feature structures. Suppose therefore that we maintain a feature-value library for each of the major syntactic categories (N, V, ADJ, PREP):

<fvLib n="Major category definitions">
<!-- ... -->
 <fs xml:id="N" type="noun">
<!-- noun features defined here -->
 </fs>
 <fs xml:id="V" type="verb">
<!-- verb features defined here -->
 </fs>
</fvLib>

bibliography ⚓︎

This library allows us to use shortcut codes (N, V, etc.) to reference a complete definition for the corresponding feature structure. Each definition may be explicitly contained within the fs element, as a number of f elements. Alternatively, the relevant features may be referenced by their identifiers, supplied as the value of the feats attribute, as in these examples:

<!-- ... --> <fs xml:id="ADJ" type="adjective" feats="#F1 #F2"/> <fs xml:id="PREP" type="preposition" feats="#F1 #F3"/> <!-- ... -->

⚓︎

This ability to re-use feature definitions within multiple feature structure definitions is an essential simplification in any realistic example. In this case, we assume the existence of a feature library containing specifications for the basic feature categories like the following:

<fLib n="categorial features">
 <f xml:id="NN-1" name="nominal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="NN-0" name="nominal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VV-1" name="verbal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VV-0" name="verbal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

bibliography ⚓︎

With such libraries in place, and assuming the availability of similarly predefined feature structures for transitivity and semantics, the preceding example could be considerably simplified:

<fs type="word">
 <f name="surface">
  <string>love</string>
 </f>
 <f name="syntax">
  <fs type="category">
   <f name="pos" fVal="#V"/>
   <f name="val" fVal="#TRNS"/>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="semantics">
  <fs type="act">
   <f name="rel" fVal="#LOVE"/>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

⚓︎

Although in principle the fVal attribute could point to any kind of feature value, its use is not recommended for simple atomic values.

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TEI: Re-entrant Feature Structures⚓︎19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures

Sometimes the same feature value is required at multiple places within a feature structure, in particular where the value is only partially specified at one or more places. The vLabel element is provided as a means of labelling each such re-entrancy point:

vLabel (value label) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which appears at more than one point in a feature structure.

For example, suppose one wishes to represent noun-verb agreement as a single feature structure. Within the representation, the feature indicating (say) number appears more than once. To represent the fact that each occurrence is another appearance of the same feature (rather than a copy) one could use an encoding like the following:

<fs xml:id="NVA">
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
<!-- other nominal features -->
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
<!-- other verbal features -->
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the above encoding, the features named vb-num and nm-num exhibit structure sharing. Their values, given as vLabel elements, are understood to be references to the same point in the feature structure, which is labelled by their name attribute.

The scope of the names used to label re-entrancy points is that of the outermost fs element in which they appear. When a feature structure is imported from a feature value library, or referenced from elsewhere (for example by using the fVal attribute) the names of any sharing points it may contain are implicitly prefixed by the identifier used for the imported feature structure, to avoid name clashes. Thus, if some other feature structure were to reference the fs element given in the example above, for example in this way:

<f name="class" fVal="#NVA"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

then the labelled points in the example would be interpreted as if they had the name NVAL1.

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TEI: Collections as Complex Feature Values⚓︎19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

Complex feature values need not always be represented as feature structures. Multiple values may also be organized as sets, bags or multisets, or lists of atomic values of any type. The vColl element is provided to represent such cases:

vColl (collection of values) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains multiple values organized as a set, bag, or list.

A feature whose value is regarded as a set, bag, or list may have any positive number of values as its content, or none at all, (thus allowing for representation of the empty set, bag, or list). The items in a list are ordered, and need not be distinct. The items in a set are not ordered, and must be distinct. The items in a bag are neither ordered nor distinct. Sets and bags are thus distinguished from lists in that the order in which the values are specified does not matter for the former, but does matter for the latter, while sets are distinguished from bags and lists in that repetitions of values do not count for the former but do count for the latter.

If no value is specified for the org attribute, the assumption is that the vColl defines a list of values. If the vColl element is empty, the assumption is that it represents the null list, set, or bag.

To illustrate the use of the org attribute, suppose that a feature structure analysis is used to represent a genealogical tree, with the information about each individual treated as a single feature structure, like this:

<fs xml:id="p027" type="person">
 <f name="forenames">
  <vColl>
   <string>Daniel</string>
   <string>Edouard</string>
  </vColl>
 </f>
 <f name="mother" fVal="#p002"/>
 <f name="father" fVal="#p009"/>
 <f name="birthDate">
  <fs type="date" feats="#y1988 #m04 #d17"/>
 </f>
 <f name="birthPlace" fVal="#austintx"/>
 <f name="siblings">
  <vColl org="set">
   <fs copyOf="#pnb005"/>
   <fs copyOf="#prb001"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

⚓︎

In this example, the vColl element is first used to supply a list of ‘name’ feature values, which together constitute the ‘forenames’ feature. Other features are defined by reference to values which we assume are held in some external feature value library (not shown here). For example, the vColl element is used a second time to indicate that the persons's siblings should be regarded as constituting a set rather than a list. Each sibling is represented by a feature structure: in this example, each feature structure is a copy of one specified in the feature value library.

If a specific feature contains only a single feature structure as its value, the component features of which are organized as a set, bag, or list, it may be more convenient to represent the value as a vColl rather than as an fs. For example, consider the following encoding of the English verb form sinks, which contains an agreement feature whose value is a feature structure which contains person and number features with symbolic values.

<fs type="word">
 <f name="category">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
 <f name="tense">
  <symbol value="present"/>
 </f>
 <f name="agreement">
  <fs>
   <f name="person">
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </f>
   <f name="number">
    <symbol value="singular"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

If the names of the features contained within the agreement feature structure are of no particular significance, the following simpler representation may be used:

<fs type="word">
 <f name="category">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
 <f name="tense">
  <symbol value="present"/>
 </f>
 <f name="agreement">
  <vColl org="set">
   <symbol value="third"/>
   <symbol value="singular"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

The vColl element is also useful in cases where an analysis has several components. In the following example, the French word auxquels has a two-part analysis, represented as a list of two values. The first specifies that the word contains a preposition; the second that it contains a masculine plural relative pronoun:

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

The set, bag, or list which has no members is known as the null (or empty) set, bag, or list. A vColl element with no content and with no value for its feats attribute is interpreted as referring to the null set, bag, or list, depending on the value of its org attribute.

If, for example, the individual described by the feature structure with identifier p027 (above) had no siblings, we might specify the siblings feature as follows.

<f name="siblings">
 <vColl org="set"/>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

A vColl element may also collect together one or more other vColl elements, if, for example one of the members of a set is itself a set, or if two lists are concatenated together. Note that such collections pay no attention to the contents of the nested vColl elements: if it is desired to produce the union of two sets, the vMerge element discussed below should be used to make a new collection from the two sets.

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TEI: Feature Value Expressions⚓︎19.8. Feature Value Expressions

It is sometimes desirable to express the value of a feature as the result of an operation over some other value (for example, as ‘not green’, or as ‘male or female’, or as the concatenation of two collections). Three special purpose elements are provided to represent disjunctive alternation, negation, and collection of values:

vAlt (value alternation) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains a set of values, only one of which can be valid.

vNot (value negation) represents a feature value which is the negation of its content.

vMerge (merged collection of values) represents a feature value which is the result of merging together the feature values contained by its children, using the organization specified by the org attribute.

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TEI: Alternation⚓︎19.8.1. Alternation

The vAlt element can be used wherever a feature value can appear. It contains two or more feature values, any one of which is to be understood as the value required. Suppose, for example, that we are using a feature system to describe residential property, using such features as number.of.bathrooms. In a particular case, we might wish to represent uncertainty as to whether a house has two or three bathrooms. As we have already shown, one simple way to represent this would be with a numeric maximum:

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <numeric value="2" max="3"/>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

A more general way would be to represent the alternation explicitly, in this way:

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <vAlt>
  <numeric value="2"/>
  <numeric value="3"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

The vAlt element represents alternation over feature values, not feature-value pairs. If therefore the uncertainty relates to two or more feature value specifications, each must be represented as a feature structure, since a feature structure can always appear where a value is required. For example, suppose that it is uncertain as to whether the house being described has two bathrooms or two bedrooms, a structure like the following may be used:

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </vAlt>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that alternation is always regarded as exclusive: in the case above, the implication is that having two bathrooms excludes the possibility of having two bedrooms and vice versa. If inclusive alternation is required, a vColl element may be included in the alternation as follows:

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <vColl>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </vAlt>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

This analysis indicates that the property may have two bathrooms, two bedrooms, or both two bathrooms and two bedrooms.

As the previous example shows, the vAlt element can also be used to indicate alternations among values of features organized as sets, bags or lists. Suppose we use a feature selling.points to describe items that are mentioned to enhance a property's sales value, such as whether it has a pool or a good view. Now suppose for a particular listing, the selling points include an alarm system and a good view, and either a pool or a jacuzzi (but not both). This situation could be represented, using the vAlt element, as follows.

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <string>alarm system</string>
   <string>good view</string>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

⚓︎

Now suppose the situation is like the preceding except that one is also uncertain whether the property has an alarm system or a good view. This can be represented as follows.

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <vAlt>
    <string>alarm system</string>
    <string>good view</string>
   </vAlt>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

⚓︎

If a large number of ambiguities or uncertainties need to be represented, involving a relatively small number of features and values, it is recommended that a stand-off technique, for example using the general-purpose alt element discussed in section 17.8. Alternation be used, rather than the special-purpose vAlt element.

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TEI: Negation⚓︎19.8.2. Negation

The vNot element can be used wherever a feature value can appear. It contains any feature value and returns the complement of its contents. For example, the feature number.of.bathrooms in the following example has any whole numeric value other than 2:

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <vNot>
  <numeric value="2"/>
 </vNot>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

Strictly speaking, the effect of the vNot element is to provide the complement of the feature values it contains, rather than their negation. If a feature system declaration is available which defines the possible values for the associated feature, then it is possible to say more about the negated value. For example, suppose that the available values for the feature case are declared to be nominative, genitive, dative, or accusative, whether in a TEI feature system declaration or by some other means. Then the following two specifications are equivalent:

(i) <f name="case">
 <vNot>
  <symbol value="genitive"/>
 </vNot>
</f>
(ii)
<f name="case">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="nominative"/>
  <symbol value="dative"/>
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

⚓︎

If however no such system declaration is available, all that one can say about a feature specified via negation is that its value is something other than the negated value.

Negation is always applied to a feature value, rather than to a feature-value pair. The negation of an atomic value is the set of all other values which are possible for the feature.

Any kind of value can be negated, including collections (represented by a vColl elements) or feature structures (represented by fs elements). The negation of any complex value is understood to be the set of values which cannot be unified with it. Thus, for example, the negation of the feature structure F is understood to be the set of feature structures which are not unifiable with F. In the absence of a constraint mechanism such as the Feature System Declaration, the negation of a collection is anything that is not unifiable with it, including collections of different types and atomic values. It will generally be more useful to require that the organization of the negated value be the same as that of the original value, for example that a negated set is understood to mean the set which is a complement of the set, but such a requirement cannot be enforced in the absence of a constraint mechanism.

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TEI: Collection of Values⚓︎19.8.3. Collection of Values

The vMerge element can be used wherever a feature value can appear. It contains two or more feature values, all of which are to be collected together. The organization of the resulting collection is specified by the value of the org attribute, which need not necessarily be the same as that of its constituent values if these are collections. For example, one can change a list to a set, or vice versa.

As an example, suppose that we wish to represent the range of possible values for a feature ‘genders’ used to describe some language. It would be natural to represent the possible values as a set, using the vColl element as in the following example:

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vColl org="set">
   <symbol value="masculine"/>
   <symbol value="feminine"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

Suppose however that we discover for some language it is necessary to add a new possible value, and to treat the value of the feature as a list rather than as a set. The vMerge element can be used to achieve this:

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vMerge org="list">
   <vColl org="set">
    <symbol value="masculine"/>
    <symbol value="feminine"/>
   </vColl>
   <symbol value="neuter"/>
  </vMerge>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Default Values⚓︎19.9. Default Values

The value of a feature may be underspecified in a number of different ways. It may be null, unknown, or uncertain with respect to a range of known possibilities, as well as being defined as a negation or an alternation. As previously noted, the specification of the range of known possibilities for a given feature is not part of the current specification: in the TEI scheme, this information is conveyed by the feature system declaration. Using this, or some other system, we might specify (for example) that the range of values for an element includes symbols for masculine, feminine, and neuter, and that the default value is neuter. With such definitions available to us, it becomes possible to say that some feature takes the default value, or some unspecified value from the list. The following special element is provided for this purpose:

default (default feature value) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains a defaulted value.

The value of an empty f element which also lacks an fVal attribute is understood to be the most general case, i.e. any of the available values. Thus, assuming the feature system defined above, the following two representations are equivalent.

<f name="gender"/>
<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

If, however, the value is explicitly stated to be the default one, using the default element, then the following two representations are equivalent:

<f name="gender">
 <default/>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="neuter"/>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

Similarly, if the value is stated to be the negation of the default, then the following two representations are equivalent:

<f name="gender">
 <vNot>
  <default/>
 </vNot>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Linking Text and Analysis⚓︎19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

Text elements can be linked with feature structures using any of the linking methods discussed elsewhere in these Guidelines (see for example sections 18.2. Global Attributes for Simple Analyses and 18.4. Linguistic Annotation). In the simplest case, the ana attribute may be used to point from any element to an annotation of it, as in the following example:

<s n="00741">
 <w ana="#at0">The</w>
 <w ana="#ajs">closest</w>
 <w ana="#pnp">he</w>
 <w ana="#vvd">came</w>
 <w ana="#prp">to</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">exercise</w>
 <w ana="#vbd">was</w>
 <w ana="#to0">to</w>
 <w ana="#vvi">open</w>
 <w ana="#crd">one</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">eye</w>
 <phr ana="#av0">
  <w>every</w>
  <w>so</w>
  <w>often</w>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">,</c>
 <w ana="#cjs">if</w>
 <w ana="#pni">someone</w>
 <w ana="#vvd">entered</w>
 <w ana="#at0">the</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">room</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

⚓︎

The values specified for the ana attribute reference components of a feature-structure library, which represents all of the grammatical structures used by this encoding scheme. (For illustrative purposes, we cite here only the structures needed for the first six words of the sample sentence):

<fvLib xml:id="C6" n="Claws 6 tags">
<!-- ... -->
 <fs xml:id="ajs"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wj #ds"/>
 <fs xml:id="at0"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wl"/>
 <fs xml:id="pnp"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wr #rp"/>
 <fs xml:id="vvd"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wv #bv #fd"/>
 <fs xml:id="prp"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wp #bp"/>
 <fs xml:id="nnn"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wn #tc #ns"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

bibliography ⚓︎

The components of each feature structure in the library are referenced in much the same way, using the feats attribute to identify one or more f elements in the following feature library (again, only a few of the available features are quoted here):

<fLib>
<!-- ... -->
 <f xml:id="fl-bv" name="verbbase">
  <symbol value="main"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-bp" name="prepbase">
  <symbol value="lexical"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-ds" name="degree">
  <symbol value="superlative"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-fd" name="verbform">
  <symbol value="ed"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-ns" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-rp" name="prontype">
  <symbol value="personal"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-tc" name="nountype">
  <symbol value="common"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wj" name="class">
  <symbol value="adjective"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wl" name="class">
  <symbol value="article"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wn" name="class">
  <symbol value="noun"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wp" name="class">
  <symbol value="preposition"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wr" name="class">
  <symbol value="pronoun"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wv" name="class">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

bibliography ⚓︎

Alternatively, a stand-off technique may be used, as in the following example, where a linkGrp element is used to link selected characters in the text Caesar seized control with their phonological representations.

<s>
 <w xml:id="S1W1">
  <c xml:id="S1W1C1">C</c>ae<c xml:id="S1W1C2">s</c>ar</w>
 <w xml:id="S1W2">
  <c xml:id="S1W2C1">s</c>ei<c xml:id="S1W2C2">z</c>e<c xml:id="S1W2C3">d</c>
 </w>
 <w xml:id="S1W3">con<c xml:id="S1W3C1">t</c>rol</w>.

</s>
<fvLib xml:id="FSL1"
 n="phonological segment definitions">
<!-- as in previous example -->
</fvLib>
<linkGrp type="phonology">
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W3C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C3"/>
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W2C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C2"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

⚓︎

As this example shows, a stand-off solution requires that every component to be linked to must be addressable in some way, by means of an XPointer. To handle the POS tagging example above, for example, each annotated element might be given an identifier of some sort, as follows:

<s xml:id="mds09" n="00741">
 <w xml:id="mds0901">The</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0902">closest</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0903">he</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0904">came</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0905">to</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0906">exercise</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

⚓︎

It would then be possible to link each word to its intended annotation in the feature library quoted above, as follows:

<linkGrp type="POS-codes">
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#mds0901 #at0"/>
 <link target="#mds0902 #ajs"/>
 <link target="#mds0903 #pnp"/>
 <link target="#mds0904 #vvd"/>
 <link target="#mds0905 #prp"/>
 <link target="#mds0906 #nn1"/>
 <link target="#mds0907 #vbd"/>
 <link target="#mds0908 #to0"/>
 <link target="#mds0909 #vvi"/>
 <link target="#mds0910 #crd"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Feature System Declaration⚓︎19.11. Feature System Declaration

The Feature System Declaration (FSD) is intended for use in conjunction with a TEI-conforming text that makes use of fs (that is, feature structure) elements. The FSD serves three purposes:

the encoder can list all of the feature names and feature values and give a prose description as to what each represents.

the encoder can define what it means to be a well-formed feature structure, and define constraints which may be used to determine whether a particular feature structure is valid relative to a given theory stated in typed feature logic. These may involve constraints on the range of a feature value, constraints on what features are valid within certain types of feature structures, or constraints that prevent the co-occurrence of certain feature-value pairs.

the encoder can define the intended interpretation of underspecified feature structures. This involves defining default values (whether literal or computed) for missing features.

The scheme described in this chapter may be used to document any feature structure system, but is primarily intended for use with the feature structure representation defined by the ISO 24610-1:2006 standard, which corresponds with the recommendations presented in these Guidelines, 19. Feature Structures. This chapter relies upon, but does not reproduce, formal definitions and descriptions presented more thoroughly in the ISO standard, which should be consulted in case of ambiguity or uncertainty.

The FSD serves an important function in documenting precisely what the encoder intended by the system of feature structure markup used in an XML-encoded text. The FSD is also an important resource which standardizes the rules of inference used by software to validate the feature structure markup in a text, and to infer the full interpretation of underspecified feature structures.

The reader should be aware the terminology used in this document does not always closely follow conventional practice in formal logic, and may also diverge from practice in some linguistic applications of typed feature structures. In particular, the term ‘interpretation’ when applied to a feature structure is not an interpretation in the model-theoretic sense, but is instead a minimally informative (or equivalently, most general) extension of that feature structure that is consistent with a set of constraints declared by an FSD. In linguistic application, such a system of constraints is the principal means by which the grammar of some natural language is expressed. There is a great deal of disagreement as to what, if any, model-theoretic interpretation feature structures have in such applications, but the status of this formal kind of interpretation is not germane to the present document. Similarly, the term ‘valid’ is used here as elsewhere in these Guidelines to identify the syntactic state of well-formedness in the sense defined by the logic of typed feature structures itself, as distinct from and in addition to the ‘well-formedness’ that pertains at the level of this encoding standard. No appeal to any notion from formal semantics should be inferred.

We begin by describing how an encoded text is associated with one or more feature system declarations. The second, third, and fourth sections describe the overall structure of a feature system declaration and give details of how to encode its components. The final section offers a full example; fuller discussion of the reasoning behind FSDs and another complete example are provided in Langendoen and Simons (1995).

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TEI: Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations⚓︎19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

In order for application software to use feature system declarations to aid in the automatic interpretation of encoded texts, or even for human readers to find the appropriate declarations which document the feature system used in markup, there must be a formal link from the encoded texts to the declarations. However, the schema which declares the syntax of the Feature System itself should be kept distinct from the feature structure schema, which is an application of that system.

A document containing typed feature structures may simply include a feature system declaration documenting those feature structures. A more usual scenario, however, is that the same feature system declaration (or parts of it) will be shared by many documents. In either case, an fsDecl element for each distinct type of feature structure used must be provided and associated with the type, which is the value used within each feature structure for its type attribute.

When the module defined in this chapter is included in an XML schema, the following elements become available via the model.fsdDeclPart class:

fsdDecl (feature system declaration) provides a feature system declaration comprising one or more feature structure declarations or feature structure declaration links.

model.fsdDeclPart groups elements which can occur as direct children of fsdDecl.

fLib | (feature library) assembles a library of f (feature) elements.
fsDecl | (feature structure declaration) declares one type of feature structure.
fsdLink | (feature structure declaration link) associates the name of a typed feature structure with a feature structure declaration for it.
fvLib | (feature-value library) assembles a library of reusable feature value elements (including complete feature structures).

The fsdDecl element serves as a wrapper for declaring feature systems and may be supplied either within the header of a standard TEI document, or as a standalone document in its own right. It contains one or more fsdLink or fsDecl elements and may hold several fLib or fvLib as well.

For example, suppose that a document doc.xml contains feature structures of two types: gpsg and lex. We might simply embed an fsDecl element for each within the header attached to the document as follows:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- example -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsDecl type="gpsg">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
    <fsDecl type="lex">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lex">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this case there is an implicit link between the fs element and the corresponding fsDecl element because they share the same value for their type attribute and appear within the same document. This is a short cut for the more general case which requires a more explicit link provided by means of the fsdLink element, as demonstrated below.

Now suppose that we wish to create a second document which includes feature structures of the same type. Rather than duplicate the corresponding declarations, we will need to provide a means of pointing to them from this second document. The easiest⁸⁶ way of accomplishing this is to add an XML identifier to each fsDecl element in example.xml:

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="gpsg" xml:id="GPSG">
<!-- information about this type -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsDecl type="lex" xml:id="LEX">
<!-- information about this type -->
 </fsDecl>
</fsdDecl>

bibliography ⚓︎

(Although in this case the XML identifier is simply an uppercase version of the type name, there is no necessary connection between the two names. The only requirement is that the XML identifier conform to the standards required for identifiers, and that it be unique within the document containing it.)

In the fsdDecl for the second document, we can now include pointers to the fsDecl elements in the first:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- doc2 -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsdLink type="gpsg"
     target="example.xml#GPSG"/>
    <fsdLink type="lexx"
     target="example.xml#LEX"/>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lexx">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that in doc2.xml there is no requirement for the local name for a given type of feature structures to be the same as that used by example.xml. We assume in this encoding that the type called lexx in doc2.xml is declared as having identical constraints and other properties to those declared for the type called lex in example.xml.

An fsdDecl may be given, as above, within the encoding description of the teiHeader element of a TEI document containing typed feature structures. Alternatively, it may appear independently of any feature structures, as a document in its own right with its own teiHeader. These options are both possible because the element is a member of both the model.encodingDescPart class and the model.resource class.

The current recommendations provide no way of enforcing uniqueness of the type values among fsdDecl elements, nor of requiring that every type value specified on an fs element be also declared on an fsdDecl element. Encoders requiring such constraints (which might have some obvious utility in assisting the consistency and accuracy of tagging) are recommended to develop tools to enforce them, using such mechanisms as Schematron assertions.

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TEI: The Overall Structure of a Feature System Declaration⚓︎19.11.2. The Overall Structure of a Feature System Declaration

A feature system declaration contains one or more feature structure declarations, each of which has up to three parts: an optional description (which gives a prose comment on what that type of feature structure encodes), an obligatory set of feature declarations (which specify range constraints and default values for the features in that type of structure), and optional feature structure constraints (which specify co-occurrence restrictions on feature values).

fsDescr (feature system description (in FSD)) describes in prose what is represented by the type of feature structure declared in the enclosing fsDecl.

fDecl (feature declaration) declares a single feature, specifying its name, organization, range of allowed values, and optionally its default value.

fsConstraints (feature-structure constraints) specifies constraints on the content of valid feature structures.

Feature declarations and feature structure constraints are described in the next two sections. Note that the specification of similar fsDecl elements can be simplified by devising an inheritance hierarchy for the feature structure types. Each fsDecl element may name one or more ‘basetypes’ from which it inherits feature declarations and constraints (these are often called ‘supertypes’). For instance, suppose that <fsDecl type="Basic"> contains <fDecl name="One"> and <fDecl name="Two">, and that <fsDecl type="Derived" baseTypes="Basic"> contains just <fDecl name="Three">. Then any instance of <fs type="Derived"> must include all three features. This is because <fsDecl type="Derived"> inherits the two feature declarations from <fsDecl type="Basic"> when it specifies a base type of Basic.

The following sample shows the overall structure of a complete feature structure declaration:

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- The feature structure constraints go here -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

⚓︎

The attribute baseTypes gives the name of one or more types from which this type inherits feature specifications and constraints; if this type includes a feature specification with the same name as one inherited from any of the types specified by this attribute, or if more than one specification of the same name is inherited, then the possible values of that feature is determined by unification. Similarly, the set of constraints applicable is derived by conjoining those specified explicitly within this element with those implied by the baseTypes attribute. When no base type is specified, no feature specification or constraint is inherited.

Although the present standard does provide for default feature values, feature inheritance is defined to be monotonic.

The process of combining constraints may result in a contradiction, for example if two specifications for the same feature specify disjoint ranges of values, and at least one such specification is mandatory. In such a case, there is no valid feature structure of the type being defined.

Every type specified by baseTypes must be a single word which is a legal XML name; for example, they cannot include whitespace or begin with digits. Multiple base types are separated with spaces, e.g. <fsDecl type="Sub" baseTypes="Super1 Super2">.

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TEI: Feature Declarations⚓︎19.11.3. Feature Declarations

Each feature is declared in an fDecl element whose name attribute identifies the feature being declared; this matches the name attribute of the f elements it declares. An fDecl has three parts: an optional prose description (which should explain what the feature and its values represent), an obligatory range specification (which declares what values the feature is allowed to have), and an optional default specification (which declares what default value should be supplied when the named feature does not appear in an fs). If, in a feature structure, a feature:

is not optional (i.e., is obligatory),

has no value provided, or the value default is provided (see ISO 24610-1, Subclause 5.10, Default Values, and

either has no default specified, or has conditional defaults, none of the conditions on which is met,

then the value of this feature in the feature structure's most general valid extension is the most general value provided in its vRange, in the case of a unit organization, or the singleton set, bag, or list containing that element, in the case of a complex organization. If the feature:

is optional,

has no value provided, or the value default is provided, and

either has a default specified, or has conditional defaults, one of the conditions on which is met,

then this feature does have a value in the feature structure's most general valid extension when it exists, namely the default value that pertains.

It is possible that a feature structure will not have a valid extension because the default value that pertains to a feature is not consistent with that feature's declared range. Additional tools are required for the enforcement of such criteria.

The following elements are used in feature system declarations:

fDecl (feature declaration) declares a single feature, specifying its name, organization, range of allowed values, and optionally its default value.

name | a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name (see https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#dt-name), indicating the name of the feature being declared; matches the name attribute of f elements in the text.
optional | indicates whether or not the value of this feature may be present.

fDescr (feature description (in FSD)) describes in prose what is represented by the feature being declared and its values.

vRange (value range) defines the range of allowed values for a feature, in the form of an fs, vAlt, or primitive value; for the value of an f to be valid, it must be subsumed by the specified range; if the f contains multiple values (as sanctioned by the org attribute), then each value must be subsumed by the vRange.

vDefault (value default) declares the default value to be supplied when a feature structure does not contain an instance of f for this name; if unconditional, it is specified as one (or, depending on the value of the org attribute of the enclosing fDecl) more fs elements or primitive values; if conditional, it is specified as one or more if elements; if no default is specified, or no condition matches, the value none is assumed.

if defines a conditional default value for a feature; the condition is specified as a feature structure, and is met if it subsumes the feature structure in the text for which a default value is sought.

then separates the condition from the default in an if, or the antecedent and the consequent in a cond element.

The logic for validating feature values and for matching the conditions for supplying default values is based on the operation of subsumption. Subsumption is a standard operation in feature-structure-based formalisms. Informally, a feature structure FS subsumes all feature structures that are at least as informative as itself; that is, all feature structures that specify all of the feature values that FS does with values that are subsumed by the values that FS has, and that have all of the re-entrancies (see 19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures) that FS does. (Carpenter (1992); see also Pereira (1987) and Shieber (1986)) A more formal definition is provided in ISO 24610-1:2006 .

Following the spirit of the informal definition above, we can extend subsumption in a straightforward way to cover alternation, negation, special primitive values, and the use of attributes in the markup. For instance, a vAlt containing the value v subsumes v. The negation of a value v (represented by means of the vNot element discussed in section 19.8.2. Negation) subsumes any value that is not v; for example <vNot><numeric value='0'/></vNot> subsumes any numeric value other than zero. The value <fs type="X"/> subsumes any feature structure of type X, even if it is not valid.

As an example of feature declarations, consider the following extract from Gazdar et al.'s Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar. In the appendix to their book, they propose a feature system for English of which this is just a sampling:

feature    value range INV        {+, -} CONJ       {and, both, but, either, neither, nor, or, NIL} COMP       {for, that, whether, if, NIL} AGR        CAT PFORM      {to, by, for, ...}

bibliography ⚓︎

Feature specification defaults FSD 1:  [-INV] FSD 2:  ~[CONJ] FSD 9:  [INF, +SUBJ] --> [COMP for]

⚓︎

The INV feature, which encodes whether or not a sentence is inverted, allows only the values plus (+) and minus (-). If the feature is not specified, then the default rule (FSD 1 above) says that a value of minus is always assumed. The feature declaration for this feature would be encoded as follows:

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

⚓︎

The value range is specified as an alternation (more precisely, an exclusive disjunction), which can be represented by the binary feature value. That is, the value must be either true or false, but cannot be both or neither.

The CONJ feature indicates the surface form of the conjunction used in a construction. The ~ in the default rule (see FSD 2 above) represents negation. This means that by default the feature is not applicable, in other words, no conjunction is taking place. Note that CONJ not being present is distinct from CONJ being present but having the NIL value allowed in the value range. In their analysis, NIL means that the phenomenon of conjunction is taking place but there is no explicit conjunction in the surface form of the sentence. The feature declaration for this feature would be encoded as follows:

<fDecl name="CONJ">
 <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="and"/>
   <symbol value="both"/>
   <symbol value="but"/>
   <symbol value="either"/>
   <symbol value="neither"/>
   <symbol value="nor"/>
   <symbol value="or"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

⚓︎

Note that the vDefault is not strictly necessary in this case, since the binary value of false only serves to convey the information that the feature has no other legitimate value.

The COMP feature indicates the surface form of the complementizer used in a construction. In value range, it is analogous to CONJ. However, its default rule (see FSD 9 above) is conditional. It says that if the verb form is infinitival (the VFORM feature is not mentioned in the rule since it is the only feature that can take INF as a value), and the construction has a subject, then a for complement must be used. For instance, to make John the subject of the infinitive in It is necessary to go, a for complement must be used; that is, It is necessary for John to go. The feature declaration for this feature would be encoded as follows:

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

⚓︎

The AGR feature stores the features relevant to subject-verb agreement. Gazdar et al. specify the range of this feature as CAT. This means that the value is a category, which is their term for a feature structure. This is actually too weak a statement. Not just any feature structure is allowable here; it must be a feature structure for agreement (which is defined in the complete example at the end of the chapter to contain the features of person and number). The following feature declaration encodes this constraint on the value range:

<fDecl name="AGR">
 <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <fs type="Agreement"/>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

⚓︎

That is, the value must be a feature structure of type Agreement. The complete example at the end of this chapter includes the <fsDecl type="Agreement"> which includes <fDecl name="PERS"> and <fDecl name="NUM">.

The PFORM feature indicates the surface form of the preposition used in a construction. Since PFORM is specified above as an open set, string is used in the range specification below rather than symbol.

<fDecl name="PFORM">
 <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vNot>
   <string/>
  </vNot>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

⚓︎

This example makes use of a negated value: <vNot><string/></vNot> subsumes any string that is not the empty string.

For the reduced feature structure that concludes section 19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values above and identifies the value of some part of speech to be a common noun, it is possible to align the concept of part of speech with its definition and persistent identifier using the targetDatcat attribute, which connects the modeled XML object with the appropriate locus in a reference taxonomy, as shown below:

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

⚓︎

The above example declares the feature ‘POS’ as instantiating the corresponding concept defined in a reference taxonomy or ontology, and defines the range of values of the feature at hand by listing the appropriate alternatives, together with their external persistent identifiers.

Note that the class model.featureVal includes all possible single feature values, including feature structures, alternations (vAlt) and complex collections (vColl).

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TEI: Feature Structure Constraints⚓︎19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

Ensuring the validity of feature structures may require much more than simply specifying the range of allowed values for each feature. There may be constraints on the co-occurrence of one feature value with the value of another feature in the same feature structure or in an embedded feature structure.

Such constraints on valid feature structures are expressed as a series of conditional and biconditional tests in the fsConstraints part of an fsDecl. A particular feature structure is valid only if it meets all the constraints. The cond element encodes the conventional if-then conditional of boolean logic which succeeds when both the antecedent and consequent are true, or whenever the antecedent is false. The bicond element encodes the biconditional (if and only if) operation of boolean logic. It succeeds only when the corresponding if-then conditionals in both directions are true. In feature structure constraints the antecedent and consequent are expressed as feature structures; they are considered true if they subsume (see section 19.11.3. Feature Declarations) the feature structure in question, but in the case of consequents, this truth is asserted rather than simply tested. That is to say, a conditional is enforced by determining that the antecedent does not (and will never) subsume the given feature structure, or by determining that the antecedent does subsume the given feature structure, and then unifying the consequent with it (the result of which, if successful, will be subsumed by the consequent). In practice, the enforcement of such constraints can result in periods in which the truth of a constraint with respect to a given feature structure is simply not known; in this case, the constraint must be persistently monitored as the feature structure becomes more informative until either its truth value is determined or computation fails for some other reason.

The following elements make up the fsConstraints part of an FSD:

fsConstraints (feature-structure constraints) specifies constraints on the content of valid feature structures.

cond (conditional feature-structure constraint) defines a conditional feature-structure constraint; the consequent and the antecedent are specified as feature structures or feature-structure collections; the constraint is satisfied if both the antecedent and the consequent subsume a given feature structure, or if the antecedent does not.

bicond (bi-conditional feature-structure constraint) defines a biconditional feature-structure constraint; both consequent and antecedent are specified as feature structures or groups of feature structures; the constraint is satisfied if both subsume a given feature structure, or if both do not.

then separates the condition from the default in an if, or the antecedent and the consequent in a cond element.

iff (if and only if) separates the condition from the consequence in a bicond element.

For an example of feature structure constraints, consider the following ‘feature co-occurrence restrictions’ extracted from the feature system for English proposed by Gazdar, et al. (1985:246–247):

[FCR 1: [+INV] → [+AUX, FIN]⚓

FCR 7: [BAR 0] ≡ [N] & [V] & [SUBCAT]⚓

FCR 8: [BAR 1] → ~[SUBCAT]]⚓

The first constraint says that if a construction is inverted, it must also have an auxiliary and a finite verb form. That is,

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="INV">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="AUX">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="VFORM">
   <symbol value="FIN"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

bibliography ⚓︎

The second constraint says that if a construction has a BAR value of zero (i.e., it is a sentence), then it must have a value for the features N, V, and SUBCAT. By the same token, because it is a biconditional, if it has values for N, V, and SUBCAT, it must have BAR='0'. That is,

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="0"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="N">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="V">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

bibliography ⚓︎

The final constraint says that if a construction has a BAR value of 1 (i.e., it is a phrase), then the SUBCAT feature should be absent (~). This is not biconditional, since there are other instances under which the SUBCAT feature is inappropriate. That is,

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that cond and bicond use the empty tags then and iff, respectively, to separate the antecedent and consequent. These are primarily for the sake of enhancing human readability.

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TEI: A Complete Example⚓︎19.11.5. A Complete Example

To summarize this chapter, the complete FSD for the example that has run through the chapter is reproduced below:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

⚓︎

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TEI: Formal Definition and Implementation⚓︎19.12. Formal Definition and Implementation

This elements discussed in this chapter constitute a module of the TEI scheme which is formally defined as follows:

Module iso-fs: Feature structures

Elements defined: bicond binary cond default f fDecl fDescr fLib fs fsConstraints fsDecl fsDescr fsdDecl fsdLink fvLib if iff numeric string symbol then vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

Classes defined: model.fsdDeclPart

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

84

The recommendations of this chapter have been adopted as ISO Standard 24610-1 Language Resource Management — Feature Structures — Part One: Feature Structure Representation

85

See section 10.5.2. Lexical View for more discussion of the need and rationale for aligning the content of grammatical (and other) descriptions with standardized external taxonomies.

86

Ways of pointing to components of a TEI document without using an XML identifier are discussed in 17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Table of contents

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

20.2. Trees

20.3. Another Tree Notation

20.4. Representing Textual Transmission

20.5. Module for Graphs, Networks, and Trees

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Graphical representations are widely used for displaying relations among informational units because they help readers to visualize those relations and hence to understand them better. Two general types of graphical representations may be distinguished.

Graphs, in the strictly mathematical sense, consist of points, often called nodes or vertices, and connections among them, called arcs, or under certain conditions, edges. Among the various types of graphs are networks and trees. Graphs generally and networks in particular are dealt with directly below. Trees are dealt with separately in sections 20.2. Trees and 20.3. Another Tree Notation.⁸⁷

Charts, which typically plot data in two or more dimensions, including plots with orthogonal or radial axes, bar charts, pie charts, and the like. These can be described using the elements defined in the module for figures and graphics; see chapter 15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music.

Among the types of qualitative relations often represented by graphs are organizational hierarchies, flow charts, genealogies, semantic networks, transition networks, grammatical relations, tournament schedules, seating plans, and directions to people's houses. In developing recommendations for the encoding of graphs of various types, we have relied on their formal mathematical definitions and on the most common conventions for representing them visually. However, it must be emphasized that these recommendations do not provide for the full range of possible graphical representations, and deal only partially with questions of design, layout, and placement.

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TEI: Graphs and Digraphs⚓︎20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

Broadly speaking, graphs can be divided into two types: undirected and directed. An undirected graph is a set of nodes (or vertices) together with a set of pairs of those vertices, called arcs or edges. Each node in an arc of an undirected graph is said to be incident with that arc, and the two vertices (nodes) which make up an arc are said to be adjacent. An directed graph is like an undirected graph except that the arcs are ordered pairs of nodes. In the case of directed graphs, the term edge is not used; moreover, each arc in a directed graph is said to be adjacent from the node from which the arc emanates, and adjacent to the node to which the arc is directed. We use the element graph to encode graphs as a whole, node to encode nodes or vertices, and arc to encode arcs or edges; arcs can also be encoded by attributes on the node element. These elements have the following descriptions and attributes:

graph (graph) encodes a graph, which is a collection of nodes, and arcs which connect the nodes.

node (node) encodes a node, a possibly labeled point in a graph.

arc (arc) encodes an arc, the connection from one node to another in a graph.

Before proceeding, some additional terminology may be helpful. We define a path in a graph as a sequence of nodes n1, ..., nk such that there is an arc from each ni to ni+1 in the sequence. A cyclic path, or cycle is a path leading from a particular node back to itself. A graph that contains at least one cycle is said to be cyclic; otherwise it is acyclic. We say, finally, that a graph is connected if there is a path from some node to every other node in the graph; any graph that is not connected is said to be disconnected.

Here is an example of an undirected, cyclic disconnected graph, in which the nodes are annotated with three-letter codes for airports, and the arcs connecting the nodes are represented by horizontal and vertical lines, with 90 degree bends used simply to avoid having to draw diagonal lines.

Next is a markup of the graph, using arc elements to encode the arcs.

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG1"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX" to="#LVG"/>
 <arc from="#LAX" to="#PHX"/>
 <arc from="#LVG" to="#PHX"/>
 <arc from="#PHX" to="#TUS"/>
</graph>

⚓︎

The first child element of graph may be a label to record a label for the graph; similarly, the label child of each node element records the labels of that node. The order and size attributes on the graph element record the number of nodes and number of arcs in the graph respectively; these values are optional (since they can be computed from the rest of the graph), but if they are supplied, they must be consistent with the rest of the encoding. They can thus be used to help check that the graph has been encoded and transmitted correctly. The degree attribute on the node elements record the number of arcs that are incident with that node. It is optional (because redundant), but can be used to help in validity checking: if a value is given, it must be consistent with the rest of the information in the graph. Finally, the from and to attributes on the arc elements provide pointers to the nodes connected by those arcs. Since the graph is undirected, no directionality is implied by the use of the from and to attributes; the values of these attributes could be interchanged in each arc without changing the graph.

The adj, adjFrom, and adjTo attributes of the node element provide an alternative method of representing unlabeled arcs, their values being pointers to the nodes which are adjacent to or from that node. The adj attribute is to be used for undirected graphs, and the adjFrom and adjTo attributes for directed graphs. It is a semantic error for the directed adjacency attributes to be used in an undirected graph, and vice versa. Here is a markup of the preceding graph, using the adj attribute to represent the arcs.

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG2"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX2" degree="2"
  adj="#LVG2 #PHX2">
  <label>LAX2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG2" degree="2"
  adj="#LAX2 #PHX2">
  <label>LVG2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX2" degree="3"
  adj="#LAX2 #LVG2 #TUS2">
  <label>PHX2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS2" degree="1" adj="#PHX2">
  <label>TUS2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB2" degree="0">
  <label>CIB2</label>
 </node>
</graph>

⚓︎

Note that each arc is represented twice in this encoding of the graph. For example, the existence of the arc from LAX to LVG can be inferred from each of the first two node elements in the graph. This redundancy, however, is not required: it suffices to describe an arc in any one of the three places it can be described (either adjacent node, or in a separate arc element). Here is a less redundant representation of the same graph.

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG3"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX3" degree="2"
  adj="#LVG3 #PHX3">
  <label>LAX3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG3" degree="2" adj="#PHX3">
  <label>LVG3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX3" degree="3" adj="#TUS3">
  <label>PHX3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS3" degree="1">
  <label>TUS3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB3" degree="0">
  <label>CIB3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

⚓︎

Although in many cases the arc element is redundant (since arcs can be described using the adjacency attributes of their adjacent nodes), it has nevertheless been included in this module, in order to allow the convenient specification of identifiers, display or rendition information, and labels for each arc (using the attributes xml:id, rend, and a child label element).

Next, let us modify the preceding graph by adding directionality to the arcs. Specifically, we now think of the arcs as specifying selected routes from one airport to another, as indicated by the direction of the arrowheads in the following diagram.

Here is an encoding of this graph, using the arc element to designate the arcs.

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG1"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>LAX4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>LVG4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX4" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>PHX4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>TUS4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB4" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="0">
  <label>CIB4</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX4" to="#LVG4"/>
 <arc from="#LVG4" to="#PHX4"/>
 <arc from="#PHX4" to="#LAX4"/>
 <arc from="#PHX4" to="#TUS4"/>
 <arc from="#TUS4" to="#PHX4"/>
</graph>

⚓︎

The attributes inDegree and outDegree indicate the number of nodes which are adjacent to and from the node concerned respectively.

Here is another encoding of the graph, using the adjTo and adjFrom attributes on nodes to designate the arcs.

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG2"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjTo="#LVG5" adjFrom="#PHX5">
  <label>LAX5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjFrom="#LAX5" adjTo="#PHX5">
  <label>LVG5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX5" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2" adjTo="#LAX5 #TUS" adjFrom="#LVG5 #TUS5">
  <label>PHX5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjTo="#PHX5" adjFrom="#PHX5">
  <label>TUS5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB5" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="0">
  <label>CIB5</label>
 </node>
</graph>

⚓︎

If we wish to label the arcs, say with flight numbers, then arc elements must be used to hold the label elements, as in the following example.

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG3"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX6">
  <label>LAX6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG6">
  <label>LVG6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX6">
  <label>PHX6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS6">
  <label>TUS6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB6">
  <label>CIB6</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX6" to="#LVG6">
  <label>SW117</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#LVG6" to="#PHX6">
  <label>SW711</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PHX6" to="#LAX6">
  <label>AA218</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PHX6" to="#TUS6">
  <label>AW229</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#TUS6" to="#PHX6">
  <label>AW225</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

⚓︎

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TEI: Transition Networks⚓︎20.1.1. Transition Networks

For encoding transition networks and other kinds of directed graphs in which distinctions among types of nodes must be made, the type attribute is provided for node elements. In the following example, the initial and final nodes (or states) of the network are distinguished. It can be understood as accepting the set of strings obtained by traversing it from its initial node to its final node, and concatenating the labels.

<graph type="network-transition"
 xml:id="SS8" order="5" size="6">
 <label>(8)</label>
 <node xml:id="Q0" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="1" type="initial"/>
 <node xml:id="Q1" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="3"/>
 <node xml:id="Q2" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1"/>
 <node xml:id="Q3" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1"/>
 <node xml:id="Q4" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="0" type="final"/>
 <arc from="#Q0" to="#Q1">
  <label>THE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q1">
  <label>OLD</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q2">
  <label>MAN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q3">
  <label>MEN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q2" to="#Q4">
  <label>COMES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q3" to="#Q4">
  <label>COME</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

⚓︎

A finite state transducer has two labels on each arc, and can be thought of as representing a mapping from one sequence of labels to the other. The following example represents a transducer for translating the English strings accepted by the network in the preceding example into French. The nodes have been annotated with numbers, for convenience.

<graph type="transducer" order="7" size="10">
 <node xml:id="T0" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="3" type="initial">
  <label>0</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T1" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T2" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T3" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T6" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="0" type="final">
  <label>6</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T1">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>L'</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T2">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>LE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T3">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>LES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T1" to="#T4">
  <label>MAN</label>
  <label>HOMME</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T2" to="#T1">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEIL</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T2" to="#T2">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEIL</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T3" to="#T3">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEUX</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T3" to="#T5">
  <label>MEN</label>
  <label>HOMMES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T4" to="#T6">
  <label>COMES</label>
  <label>VIENT</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T5" to="#T6">
  <label>COME</label>
  <label>VIENNENT</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

⚓︎

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TEI: Family Trees⚓︎20.1.2. Family Trees

The next example provides an encoding a portion of a family tree⁸⁸ in which nodes are used to represent individuals and parents of individuals, and arcs are used to represent common parentage and descent links. Let us suppose, further, that information about individuals is contained in feature structures, which are contained in feature-structure libraries elsewhere (see 19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries). We can use the value attribute on node elements to point to those feature structures. In this particular representation of the graph, nodes representing females are framed by ovals, nodes representing males are framed by boxes, and nodes representing parents are framed by diamonds.

<graph type="family_tree" order="13"
 size="12">
 <node xml:id="KATHR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/kr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Katherine</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="AMBER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/ar1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Amberley</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KAR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="3">
  <label>K+A</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="BERTR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/br1" inDegree="1" outDegree="2">
  <label>Bertrand</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PETER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/pr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Peter</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="DORAR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/dr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Dora</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PBR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>P+B</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="DBR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>D+B</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="FRANR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/fr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Frank</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="RACHR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/rr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Rachel</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CONRR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/cr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Conrad</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KATER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/kr2" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Kate</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="JOHNR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/jr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>John</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#KATHR" to="#KAR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#AMBER" to="#KAR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#BERTR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#FRANR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#RACHR">
  <label>Da</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PETER" to="#PBR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#BERTR" to="#PBR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PBR" to="#CONRR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DORAR" to="#DBR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#BERTR" to="#DBR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DBR" to="#KATER">
  <label>Da</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DBR" to="#JOHNR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

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TEI: Historical Interpretation⚓︎20.1.3. Historical Interpretation

For our final example, we represent graphically the relationships among various geographic areas mentioned in a seventeenth-century Scottish document. The document itself is a ‘sasine’, which records a grant of land from the earl of Argyll to one Donald McNeill, and reads in part as follows (abbreviations have been expanded silently, and ‘[...]’ marks illegible passages):

Item instrument of Sasine given the said Hector Mcneil confirmed and dated 28 May 1632 [...] at Edinburgh upon the 15 June 1632

Item ane charter granted by Archibald late earl of Argyle and Donald McNeill of Gallachalzie wh makes mention that ... the said late Earl yields and grants to the said Donald MacNeill ...

All and hail the two merk land of old extent of Gallachalzie with the pertinents by and in the lordship of Knapdale within the sherrifdome of Argyll

[description of other lands granted follows ...]

This Charter is dated at Inverary the 15th May 1669

In this example, we are concerned with the land and pertinents (i.e. accompanying sources of revenue) described as ‘the two merk land of old extent of Gallachalzie with the pertinents by and in the lordship of Knapdale within the sherrifdom of Argyll’.

The passage concerns the following pieces of land:

the Earl of Argyll's land (i.e. the lands granted by this clause of the sasine)

two mark of land in Gallachalzie

the pertinents for this land

the Lordship of Knapdale

the sherrifdom of Argyll

We will represent these geographic entities as nodes in a graph. Arcs in the graph will represent the following relationships among them:

containment (INCLUDE)

location within (IN)

contiguity (BY)

constituency (PART OF)

Note that these relationships are logically related: ‘include’ and ‘in’, for example, are inverses of each other: the Earl of Argyll's land includes the parcel in Gallachalzie, and the parcel is therefore in the Earl of Argyll's land. Given an explicit set of inference rules, an appropriate application could use the graph we are constructing to infer the logical consequences of the relationships we identify.

Let us assume that feature-structure analyses are available which describe Gallachalzie, Knapdale, and Argyll. We will link to those feature structures using the value attribute on the nodes representing those places. However, there may be some uncertainty as to which noun phrase is modified by the phrase ‘within the sheriffdome of Argyll’: perhaps the entire lands (land and pertinents) are in Argyll, perhaps just the pertinents are, or perhaps only Knapdale is (together with the portion of the pertinents which is in Knapdale). We will represent all three of these interpretations in the graph; they are, however, mutually exclusive, which we represent using the exclude attribute defined in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment.⁸⁹

We represent the graph and its encoding as follows, where the dotted lines in the graph indicate the mutually exclusive arcs; in the encoding, we use the exclude attribute to indicate those arcs.

The graph formalizes the following relationships:

the Earl of Argyll's land includes (the parcel of land in) Gallachalzie

the Earl of Argyll's land includes the pertinents of that parcel

the pertinents are (in part) by the Lordship of Knapdale

the pertinents are (in part) part of the Lordship of Knapdale

the Earl of Argyll's land, or the pertinents, or the Lordship of Knapdale, is in the Sherrifdom of Argyll

We encode the graph thus:

<graph type="directed" order="7" size="9">
 <node xml:id="EARL">
  <label>Earl of Argyll's land</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="GALL"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#gall">
  <label>Gallachalzie</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PERT">
  <label>Pertinents</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PER1">
  <label>Pertinents part</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PER2">
  <label>Pertinents part</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KNAP"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#knapfs">
  <label>Lordship of Knapdale</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="ARGY"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#argyfs">
  <label>Sherrifdome of Argyll</label>
 </node>
 <arc xml:id="EARLGALL" from="#EARL"
  to="#GALL">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="EARLARGY" from="#EARL"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#PERTARGY #KNAPARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="EARLPERT" from="#EARL"
  to="#PERT">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTPER1" from="#PERT"
  to="#PER1">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTPER2" from="#PERT"
  to="#PER2">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTARGY" from="#PERT"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#EARLARGY #KNAPARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PER1KNAP" from="#PER1"
  to="#KNAP">
  <label>BY</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PER2KNAP" from="#PER2"
  to="#KNAP">
  <label>PART OF</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="KNAPARGY" from="#KNAP"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#EARLARGY #PERTARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

⚓︎

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TEI: Trees⚓︎20.2. Trees

A tree is a connected acyclic graph. That is, it is possible in a tree graph to follow a path from any vertex to any other vertex, but there are no paths that lead from any vertex to itself. A rooted tree is a directed graph based on a tree; that is, the arcs in the graph correspond to the arcs of a tree such that there is exactly one node, called the root, for which there is a path from that node to all other nodes in the graph. For our purposes, we may ignore all trees except for rooted trees, and hence we shall use the tree element for rooted trees, and the root element for its root. The nodes adjacent to a given node are called its children, and the node adjacent from a given node is called its parent. Nodes with both a parent and children are called internal nodes, for which we use the iNode element. A node with no children is tagged as a leaf. If the children of a node are ordered from left to right, then we say that that node is ordered. If all the nodes of a tree are ordered, then we say that the tree is an ordered tree. If some of the nodes of a tree are ordered and others are not, then the tree is a partially ordered tree. The ordering of nodes and trees may be specified by an attribute; we take the default ordering for trees to be ordered, that roots inherit their ordering from the trees in which they occur, and internal nodes inherit their ordering from their parents. Finally, we permit a node to be specified as following other nodes, which (when its parent is ordered) it would be assumed to precede, giving rise to crossing arcs. The elements used for the encoding of trees have the following descriptions and attributes.

tree (tree) encodes a tree, which is made up of a root, internal nodes, leaves, and arcs from root to leaves.

arity | gives the maximum number of children of the root and internal nodes of the tree.
ord | (ordered) indicates whether or not the tree is ordered, or if it is partially ordered.
order | gives the order of the tree, i.e., the number of its nodes.

root (root node) represents the root node of a tree.

value | identifies the root node of the network by pointing to a feature structure or other analytic element.
children | identifies the elements which are the children of the root node.
ord | (ordered) indicates whether or not the root is ordered.
outDegree | gives the out degree of the root, the number of its children.

iNode (intermediate (or internal) node) represents an intermediate (or internal) node of a tree.

value | indicates an intermediate node, which is a feature structure or other analytic element.
children | provides a list of identifiers of the elements which are the children of the intermediate node.
parent | provides the identifier of the element which is the parent of this node.
ord | (ordered) indicates whether or not the internal node is ordered.
follow | provides the identifier of an element which this node follows.
outDegree | gives the out degree of an intermediate node, the number of its children.

leaf (leaf) encodes the leaves (terminal nodes) of a tree.

value | provides a pointer to a feature structure or other analytic element.
parent | provides the identifier of parent of a leaf.
follow | provides an identifier of an element which this leaf follows.

Here is an example of a tree. It represents the order in which the operators of addition (symbolized by +), exponentiation (symbolized by **) and division (symbolized by /) are applied in evaluating the arithmetic formula ((a**2)+(b**2))/((a+b)**2). In drawing the graph, the root is placed on the far right, and directionality is presumed to be to the left.

<tree n="ex1" arity="2" ord="true" order="12">
 <root xml:id="G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU1 #EXP1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#EXP2 #EXP3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU2 #NUM2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP2" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARA1 #NUM2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP3" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARB1 #NUM2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU2" parent="#EXP1"
  children="#VARA2 #VARB2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB1" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.2" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.3" parent="#EXP1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

⚓︎

In this encoding, the arity attribute represents the arity of the tree, which is the greatest value of the outDegree attribute for any of the nodes in the tree. If, as in this case, arity is 2, we say that the tree is a binary tree.

Since the left-to-right (or top-to-bottom!) order of the children of the two + nodes does not affect the arithmetic result in this case, we could represent in this tree all of the arithmetically equivalent formulas involving its leaves, by specifying the attribute ord as false on those two iNode elements, the attribute ord as true on the root and other iNode elements, and the attribute ord as partial on the tree element, as follows.

<tree n="ex2" ord="partial" arity="2"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="divi1" ord="true"
  children="#plu1 #exp1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="plu1" ord="false"
  parent="#divi1" children="#exp2 #exp3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp1" ord="true"
  parent="#divi1" children="#plu2 #num2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp2" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#vara1 #num2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp3" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#varb1 #num2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="plu2" ord="false"
  parent="#exp1" children="#vara2 #varb2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="vara1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb1" parent="#exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.2" parent="#exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="vara2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.3" parent="#exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

⚓︎

This encoding represents all of the following:

((a**2)+(b**2))/((a+b)**2)

((b**2)+(a**2))/((a+b)**2)

((a**2)+(b**2))/((b+a)**2)

((b**2)+(a**2))/((a+b)**2)

Linguistic phrase structure is very commonly represented by trees. Here is an example of phrase structure represented by an ordered tree with its root at the top, and a possible encoding.

<tree n="ex3" ord="true" arity="2" order="8">
 <root xml:id="GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-P1 #GD-NP1">
  <label>PP</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-P1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-WITH1">
  <label>P</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-WITH1" parent="#GD-P1">
  <label>with</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-NP1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-THE1 #GD-PERI1">
  <label>NP</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-ART1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-THE1">
  <label>Art</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THE1" parent="#GD-ART1">
  <label>the</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-N1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-PERI1">
  <label>N</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-PERI1" parent="#GD-N1">
  <label>periscope</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

⚓︎

Finally, here is an example of an ordered tree, in which a particular node which ordinarily would precede another is specified as following it. In the drawing, the xxx symbol indicates that the arc from VB to PT crosses the arc from VP to PN.

<tree n="ex4" arity="2" order="8" ord="true">
 <leaf xml:id="GD-LOOK1" parent="#GD-VB2">
  <label>look</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THEM1" parent="#GD-PN1">
  <label>them</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-UP1" parent="#GD-PT1">
  <label>up</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB2" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-LOOK1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PN1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-THEM1">
  <label>PN</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PT1" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-UP1" follow="#GD-PN1">
  <label>PT</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB2 #GD-PT1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <root xml:id="GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB1 #GD-PN1">
  <label>VP</label>
 </root>
</tree>

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TEI: Another Tree Notation⚓︎20.3. Another Tree Notation

In this section, we present an alternative to the method of representing the structure of ordered rooted trees given in section 20.2. Trees, which is based on the observation that any node of such a tree can be thought of as the root of the subtree that it dominates. Thus subtrees can be thought of as the same type as the trees they are embedded in, hence the designation eTree, for embedding tree. Whereas in a tree the relationship among the parts is indicated by the children attribute, and by the names of the elements root, iNode, and leaf, the relationship among the parts of an eTree is indicated simply by the arrangement of their content. However, we have chosen to enable encoders to distinguish the terminal elements of an eTree by means of the empty eLeaf element, though its use is not required; the eTree element can also be used to identify the terminal nodes of eTree elements. We also provide a triangle element, which can be thought of as an underspecified eTree, i.e. an eTree in which certain information has been left out. In addition, we provide a forest element, which consists of one or more tree, eTree, or triangle elements, and a listForest element, which consists of one or more forest elements. The elements used for the encoding of embedding trees and the units containing them have the following descriptions and attributes.

eTree (embedding tree) provides an alternative to the tree element for representing ordered rooted tree structures.

value
provides the value of an embedding tree, which is a feature structure or other analytic element.

triangle (underspecified embedding tree, so called because of its characteristic shape when drawn) provides for an underspecified eTree, that is, an eTree with information left out.

value
supplies a value for the triangle, in the form of the identifier of a feature structure or other analytic element.

eLeaf (leaf or terminal node of an embedding tree) provides explicitly for a leaf of an embedding tree, which may also be encoded with the eTree element.

value
indicates the value of an embedding leaf, which is a feature structure or other analytic element.

forest (forest) provides for groups of rooted trees.

listForest provides for lists of forests.

Like the root, iNode, and leaf of a tree, the eTree, triangle and eLeaf elements may also have value attributes and label children.

To illustrate the use of the eTree and eLeaf elements, here is an encoding of the second example in section 20.2. Trees, repeated here for convenience.

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>periscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

⚓︎

Next, we provide an encoding, using the triangle element, in which the internal structure of the eTree labeled NP is omitted.

<eTree n="ex2">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <triangle>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>the periscope</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </triangle>
</eTree>

⚓︎

Ambiguity involving alternative tree structures associated with the same terminal sequence can be encoded relatively conveniently using a combination of the exclude and copyOf attributes described in sections 17.8. Alternation and 17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies. In the simplest case, an eTree may be part of the content of exactly one of two different eTree elements. To mark it up, the embedded eTree may be fully specified within one of the embedding eTree elements to which it may belong, and a virtual copy, specified by the copyOf attribute, may appear on the other. In addition, each of the embedded elements in question is specified as excluding the other, using the exclude attribute. To illustrate, consider the English phrase see the vessel with the periscope, which may be considered to be structurally ambiguous, depending on whether the phrase with the periscope is a modifier of the phrase the vessel or a modifier of the phrase see the vessel. This ambiguity is indicated in the sketch of the ambiguous tree by means of the dotted-line arcs. The markup using the copyOf and exclude attributes follows the sketch.

<eTree n="ex3">
 <label>VP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>V</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>see</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>vessel</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="GD-PPA" exclude="#GD-PPB">
   <label>PP</label>
   <eTree>
    <label>P</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>with</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>NP</label>
    <eTree>
     <label>Art</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>the</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
    <eTree>
     <label>N</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>periscope</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="GD-PPB" copyOf="#GD-PPA"
  exclude="#GD-PPA">
  <label>PP</label>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

⚓︎

To indicate that one of the alternatives is selected, one may specify the select attribute on the highest eTree as either #GD-PPA or #GD-PPB; see section 17.8. Alternation.

Depending on the grammar one uses to associate structures with examples like see the man with the periscope, the representations may be more complicated than this. For example, adopting a version of the X-bar theory of phrase structure originated by Jackendoff,⁹⁰ the attachment of a modifier may require the creation of an intermediate node which is not required when the attachment is not made, as shown in the following diagram. A possible encoding of this ambiguous structure immediately follows the diagram.

<eTree n="ex4">
 <label>VP</label>
 <eTree xml:id="VBARA" exclude="#VBARB">
  <label>V'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="VA">
   <label>V</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>see</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>NP</label>
   <eTree xml:id="SPEC1A">
    <label>Spec</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>the</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>N'</label>
    <eTree xml:id="NBAR2A">
     <label>N'</label>
     <eTree>
      <label>N</label>
      <eLeaf>
       <label>vessel</label>
      </eLeaf>
     </eTree>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="PPA1">
     <label>PP</label>
     <eTree>
      <label>P</label>
      <eLeaf>
       <label>with</label>
      </eLeaf>
     </eTree>
     <eTree>
      <label>NP</label>
      <eTree>
       <label>Spec</label>
       <eLeaf>
        <label>the</label>
       </eLeaf>
      </eTree>
      <eTree>
       <label>N'</label>
       <eTree>
        <label>N</label>
        <eLeaf>
         <label>periscope</label>
        </eLeaf>
       </eTree>
      </eTree>
     </eTree>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="VBARB" exclude="#VBARA">
  <label>V'</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>V'</label>
   <eTree xml:id="VB" copyOf="#VA">
    <label>V</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>NP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="SPEC1B" copyOf="#SPEC1A">
     <label>Spec</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="NBAR2B" copyOf="#NBAR2A">
     <label>N'</label>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="PPB" copyOf="#PPA1">
   <label>PP</label>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

⚓︎

A derivation in a generative grammar is often thought of as a set of trees. To encode such a derivation, one may use the forest element, in which the trees may be marked up using the tree, the eTree, or the triangle element. The type attribute may be used to specify what kind of derivation it is. Here is an example of a two-tree forest, involving application of the ‘wh-movement’ transformation in the derivation of what you do (as in this is what you do) from the underlying you do what.⁹¹

<forest n="ex5" type="derivation-syntactic">
 <eTree n="Stage 1" xml:id="S1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="S1COMP">
   <label>COMP</label>
   <eLeaf xml:id="S1E">
    <label>e</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="S1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="S1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>you</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="S1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="S1V">
     <label>V</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>do</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="S1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf xml:id="S1WH">
      <label>what</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree n="Stage 2" xml:id="S2SBAR"
  corresp="#S1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="S2COMP" corresp="#S1COMP">
   <label>COMP</label>
   <eTree copyOf="#S1NP2" corresp="#S1E">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="S2S" corresp="#S1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="S2NP1" copyOf="#S1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="S2VP" corresp="#S1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="S2V" copyOf="#S1V">
     <label>V</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="S2NP2" corresp="#S1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf corresp="#S1WH">
      <label>t</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</forest>

⚓︎

In this markup, we have used copyOf attributes to provide virtual copies of elements in the tree representing the second stage of the derivation that also occur in the first stage, and the corresp attribute (see section 17.5. Correspondence and Alignment) to link those elements in the second stage with corresponding elements in the first stage that are not copies of them.

If a group of forests (e.g. a full grammatical derivation including syntactic, semantic, and phonological subderivations) is to be articulated, the grouping element listForest may be used.

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TEI: Representing Textual Transmission⚓︎20.4. Representing Textual Transmission

A stemma codicum (sometimes called just stemma) is a tree-like graphic structure that has become traditional in manuscript studies for representing textual transmission. Consider the following hypothetical stemma:

Figure 33. Example stemma

The nodes in this stemma represent manuscripts; each has a label (a letter) which identifies it and also distinguishes whether the manuscript is extant, lost, or hypothetical. Extant manuscripts are identified by uppercase Latin letters or words beginning with uppercase Latin letters, e.g., L, shown as aqua in this example; manuscripts no longer existing, but providing readings which are attested e.g. by note or copy made before their disappearance, are identified by lowercase Latin letters, e.g., t, shown as magenta in this example; hypothetical stages in the textual transmission, which do not necessarily correspond to real manuscripts, are given lowercase Greek letters, e.g., α and shown as gold in this example. The stemma shown above thus suggests that (on the basis of similarities in the readings of the extant and lost manuscripts) L and t share textual material that is not shared with other manuscripts (represented in this case by δ) even though no physical manuscript attesting this stage in the textual transmission has ever been identified.

Manuscripts are copied from other manuscripts. The preceding stemma represents the hypothesis that all manuscripts go back to a common ancestor (α), that the tradition split after that stage into two (β and γ), etc. Descent by copying is indicated with a solid line. According to this model, α is the earliest common hypothetical stage that can be reconstructed, and all nodes below α have a single parent, that is, were copied from a single other stage in the tradition.

This familiar tree model is complicated because manuscripts sometimes show the influence of more than one ancestor. They may have been produced by a scribe who checked the text in one manuscript of the same work whilst copying from another, or perhaps made changes from his memory of a slightly different version of the text that he had read elsewhere. Alternatively, perhaps scribe A copied a manuscript from one source, scribe B made changes in it in the margins or between the lines (either by consulting another source directly or from memory), and another scribe then copied that manuscript, incorporating the changes into the body. Whatever the specific scenario, it is not uncommon for a manuscript to be based primarily on one source, but to incorporate features of another branch of the tradition. This mixed result is called contamination, and it is reflected in a stemma by a dotted line. Thus, the example above asserts that A is copied within the ε tradition, but is also contaminated from the γ tradition.

The utility of a stemma as a visualization tool is inversely proportional to the degree of contamination in the manuscript tradition. A tradition completely without contamination (called a closed tradition) yields a classic tree, easily represented graphically by a stemma. An open tradition, with substantial contamination, yields a spaghetti-like stemma characterized by crossing dotted lines, which is both difficult to read and not very informative.

The eTree element introduced in this chapter can be used to represent a closed tradition in a straightforward manner. Each non-terminal node is represented by a typed eTree element and each terminal node by an eLeaf. A label element provides a way of identifying each node, complementary to the global attributes n and xml:id attributes. For example, the closed part of the tradition headed by the label δ may be encoded as follows:

<eTree type="hypothetical">
 <label>δ</label>
 <eLeaf type="extant">
  <label>L</label>
 </eLeaf>
 <eLeaf type="lost">
  <label>t</label>
 </eLeaf>
</eTree>

⚓︎

To complete this representation, we need to show that the node labelled A is not derived solely from its parent node (labelled ε) but also demonstrates contamination from the node labelled γ. The easiest way to accomplish this is to include an appropriately-typed ptr element within the node in question, the target of which points to the node labelled γ. This requires that this latter node be supplied with a value for its xml:id attribute. The complete representation is thus:

<eTree type="hypothetical">
 <label>α</label>
 <eTree type="hypothetical">
  <label>β</label>
  <eTree type="hypothetical">
   <label>δ</label>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>L</label>
   </eLeaf>
   <eLeaf type="lost">
    <label>t</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree type="hypothetical">
   <label>ε</label>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>R</label>
   </eLeaf>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>A</label>
    <ptr type="contamination"
     target="#gamma"/>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="gamma" type="hypothetical">
  <label>γ</label>
  <eLeaf type="extant">
   <label>I</label>
  </eLeaf>
  <eLeaf type="extant">
   <label>X</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

⚓︎

In any substantial codicological project, it is likely that significantly more data will be required about the individual witnesses than indicated in the simple structures above. These Guidelines provide a rich variety of additional elements for representing such information: see in particular chapters 11. Manuscript Description, 12. Representation of Primary Sources, and 13. Critical Apparatus.

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TEI: Module for Graphs, Networks, and Trees⚓︎20.5. Module for Graphs, Networks, and Trees

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module nets: Graphs, networks, and trees

Elements defined: arc eLeaf eTree forest graph iNode leaf listForest node root tree triangle

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

87

The treatment here is largely based on the characterizations of graph types in Chartrand and Lesniak (1986)

88

The family tree is that of the mathematician and philosopher Bertrand Russell, whose third wife was commonly known as Peter. The information presented here is taken from Pereira and Shieber (1987).

89

That is, the three syntactic interpretations of the clause are mutually exclusive. The notion that the pertinents are in Argyll is clearly not inconsistent with the notion that both the land in Gallachalzie and the pertinents are in Argyll. The graph given here describes the possible interpretations of the clause itself, not the sets of inferences derivable from each syntactic interpretation, for which it would be convenient to use the facilities described in chapter 19. Feature Structures.

90

Jackendoff (1977)

91

The symbols e and t denote special theoretical constructs (empty category and trace respectively), which need not concern us here.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

Table of contents

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

21.4. Stand-off Markup

21.5. Non-XML-based Approaches

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XML employs a strongly hierarchical document model. At various points, these Guidelines discuss problems that arise when using XML to encode textual features that either do not naturally lend themselves to representation in a strictly hierarchical form or conflict with other hierarchies represented in the markup. Examples of such situations include:

Conflict between the hierarchy established by the physical structure of a document (e.g., volume, page, column, line) and its rhetorical or linguistic structure (e.g., chapters, paragraphs, sentences, acts, scenes, etc.)

Conflict between a verse text's metrical structure (e.g., its arrangement in stanzas and metrical lines) and its rhetorical or linguistic structure (e.g., phrases, sentences, and, for plays, acts, scenes, and speeches).

Conflict between metrical, rhetorical, or linguistic structure and the representation of direct speech, especially if the quoted speech is interrupted by other elements (e.g., ‘What’, she asked, ‘was that all about’) or crosses metrical, rhetorical, or linguistic boundaries.

Conflict between different analytical views or descriptions of a text or document, e.g., markup intended to encode diplomatic information about a word's appearance in a manuscript with markup intended to describe its morphology or pronunciation.

Non-nesting information poses fundamental problems for any XML-based encoding scheme, and it must be stated at the outset that no current solution combines all the desirable attributes of formal simplicity, capacity to represent all occurring or imaginable kinds of structures, suitability for formal or mechanical validation. The representation of non-hierarchical information is thus necessarily a matter of trade-offs among various sets of advantages and disadvantages.

These Guidelines support several methods for handling non-hierarchical information:

redundant encoding of information in multiple forms (discussed in 21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information)

the use of empty elements to delimit the boundaries of a non-nesting structure (discussed in 21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements)

the division of a logically single non-nesting element into segments that nest properly in their immediate hierarchical context but can also be reconstituted virtually across these hierarchical boundaries (discussed 21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements)

stand-off markup: the annotation of information by pointing at it, rather than by placing XML tags within it (discussed in 21.4. Stand-off Markup)

Some of these methods can be used in TEI-conformant documents. Others require extension.

In the sections which follow these techniques are described and their advantages and disadvantages are briefly discussed. The various solutions to the problem will be exemplified using extracts from two poems. The first is the opening quatrain from William Wordsworth's Scorn not the sonnet:

Scorn not the sonnet; critic, you have frowned,

Mindless of its just honours; with this key

Shakespeare unlocked his heart; the melody

Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.

The second example is the third stanza from the fourth section of Robert Pinsky's Essay on Psychiatrists:

Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children

And a first-rate body—pointed her finger

at the back of one certain man and asked me,

"Is that guy a psychiatrist?" and by god he was! "Yes,"

She said, "He looks like a psychiatrist."

Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.

These two texts can be analysed in various ways. The first, which we might describe as the ‘Metrical View’, encodes the text according to its metrical features: line divisions (as here), stanzas or cantos in larger poems, and perhaps prosodic features like stress or syllable patterns, alliteration, or rhyme. A second view, which we might describe as the ‘Grammatical’, encodes linguistic and rhetorical features: phonemes, morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. A third view, the ‘Dialogic’, might concentrate on narrative voice: distinguishing between the narrator and their interlocutors and identifying individual segments as direct quotations. In our examples, we will restrict ourselves to relatively simple conflicts: for the Metrical View we will encode only metrical lines and line groups; for the Grammatical View we will restrict ourselves to encoding sentences; and for the Dialogic View, we only will distinguish direct quotation from other narration.

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TEI: Multiple Encodings of the Same Information⚓︎21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

Conceptually, the simplest method of disentangling two (or more) conflicting hierarchical views of the same information is to encode it twice (or more), each time capturing a single view.

Thus, for example, the Metrical View of Scorn not the sonnet might be encoded as follows, using the l element to encode each metrical line:

<l>Scorn not the sonnet; critic, you have frowned,</l>
<l>Mindless of its just honours; with this key</l>
<l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; the melody</l>
<l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

The Grammatical View would be encoded by taking the same text and replacing the metrical markup with information about its sentence structure:

<p>
 <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg>critic, you have frowned, Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg>with this key Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg>the melody Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Likewise, the more complex passage from Pinsky could be encoded in three different ways to reflect the different metrical, grammatical, and dialogic views of its text:

<lg>
 <l>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</l>
 <l>And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</l>
 <l>at the back of one certain man and asked me,</l>
 <l>"Is that guy a psychiatrist?" and by god he was! "Yes,"</l>
 <l>She said, "He <emph>looks</emph> like a psychiatrist."</l>
 <l>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</l>
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

<p>
 <seg>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children And a
   first-rate body—pointed her finger at the back of one certain man and
   asked me, "Is that guy a psychiatrist?" and by god he was!</seg>
</p>
<p>
 <seg>"Yes," She said, "He <emph>looks</emph> like a
   psychiatrist."</seg>
</p>
<p>
 <seg>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</seg>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

<ab>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children And a first-rate
body—pointed her finger at the back of one certain man and asked me,
<said>Is that guy a psychiatrist?</said> and by god he was!
<said>Yes,</said> She said, <said>He <emph>looks</emph> like a
   psychiatrist.</said> Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and
thought.</ab>

bibliography ⚓︎

This method is TEI-conformant. Its advantages are that each way of looking at the information is explicitly represented in the data and that the individual views are simple to process. The disadvantages are that the method requires the maintenance of multiple copies of identical textual content (an invitation to inconsistency) and that there is no explicit indication that the various views, which might be in separate files, are related to each other: it might prove difficult to combine the views or access information from one view while processing the file that contains the encoding of another.⁹²

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TEI: Boundary Marking with Empty Elements⚓︎21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

A second method for accommodating non-hierarchical objects in an XML document involves marking the start and end points of the non-nesting material. This prevents textual features that fall outside the privileged hierarchy from invalidating the document while identifying their beginnings and ends for further processing. The disadvantage of this method is that no single XML element represents the non-nesting material and, as a result, processing with XML technologies is significantly more difficult.

The empty elements used at each end are called segment-boundary elements or segment-boundary delimiters. There are several variations on this method of encoding.

For some common structural features, the TEI provides milestone elements that can be used to mark the beginning of a textual feature. These include lb, pb, cb, handShift, and the generic milestone. Using lb, for example, it is possible to indicate both the physical lineation of a poem on the page and its grammatical division into sentences:

<p>
 <seg>
  <lb n="1"/>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>; <seg>critic, you have
   frowned, <lb n="2"/>Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg>with this
   key <lb n="3"/>Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg>the melody
 <lb n="4"/>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's
   wound.</seg>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

The use of these elements is by definition TEI-conformant. Care should be taken, however, that the meaning of the milestone elements is preserved: semantically, for example, lb is used to mark the start of a new (typographical) line. While in much modern poetry, typographical and metrical line divisions correspond, lb does not itself make a metrical claim: in encoding verse from sources, such as Old English manuscripts, where physical line beginnings are not used to indicate metrical lineation, the correspondence would break down entirely.

The segment boundaries also may be delimited by the generic anchor element. Attributes can then be used to indicate the type of feature being delimited and whether a given instance opens or closes the feature.

<l>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/>
Scorn not the sonnet;
<anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/> critic, you have frowned,
</l>
<l>Mindless of its just honours; <anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/> with this key</l>
<l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; <anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/> the melody</l>
<l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound. <anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

This method is TEI-conformant.

Another approach is to design custom elements that provide richer information about the feature being delimited or its boundaries. This information can be included as attribute values or as part of the element name itself: e.g., <boundaryStart element="sentence"/>... <boundaryEnd element="sentence"/>, <sentenceBoundary position="start"/>... <sentenceBoundary position="end"/>, or <sentenceBoundaryStart/>... <sentenceBoundaryEnd/>:

<l
   xmlns:n="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <n:sentenceBoundaryStart/>Scorn not the sonnet;
<n:sentenceBoundaryEnd/>
 <n:sentenceBoundaryStart/>critic, you have frowned,
</l>
<l>Mindless of its just honours; <n:sentenceBoundaryEnd/>
 <n:sentenceBoundaryStart/>with this key</l>
<l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; <n:sentenceBoundaryEnd/>
 <n:sentenceBoundaryStart/>the melody</l>
<l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound. <n:sentenceBoundaryEnd/>
</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

If the custom elements can be replaced by TEI elements and attributes without loss of information, this method is TEI-conformant (see 24.4. Conformance); if the custom elements introduce information or distinctions that cannot be captured using standard TEI elements, the method is an extension.

Finally, elements that are normally used to encode nesting textual features (e.g., said, seg, l, etc.) can be adapted so that they serve as empty segment boundary delimiters when the features they encode cross-hierarchical boundaries. Additional attributes (sID and eID in the example below) are added to these elements in order to allow the unambiguous correlation of start and end points. This method has been introduced in the markup literature under various names, including Trojan milestones, HORSE markup, CLIX, and COLT. It is described in detail by DeRose (2004)):

<lg
   xmlns:hr="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <l>
  <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
  <hr:s sID="s02"/>critic, you have frowned, </l>
 <l>Mindless of its just honours; <hr:s eID="s02"/>
  <hr:s sID="s03"/>with this key </l>
 <l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; <hr:s eID="s03"/>
  <hr:s sID="s04"/>the melody </l>
 <l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound. <hr:s eID="s04"/>
 </l>
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

Depending on how the modifications are carried out, this method may be TEI-conformant, may represent an extension of the TEI, or may produce a non-conformant document.

The method is TEI-conformant if the modified elements and attributes can be mapped without loss of information to existing TEI markup structures such as milestone or anchor elements automatically (see 24.4. Conformance).

The method represents an Extension if the modified elements are placed in a distinct, non-TEI namespace (see 24.4. Conformance).

The method is non-conformant—and indeed strongly deprecated—if the modified elements and attributes are not placed in a distinct, non-TEI namespace (see 24.4.3. Conformance to the TEI Abstract Model).

In each of the above examples (except the last), the relationship between the start and end delimiters (where these exist) of a given feature is implicit: it is assumed that "end" delimiters close the nearest preceding "start" delimiter, or, in the case of milestones, that the milestone marks both the end of the preceding example and the beginning of the next. Complications arise, however, when the non-nesting text overlaps with other non-nesting text of the same type, as, for example, in a grammatical analysis of the various possible interpretations of the noun phrase fast trains and planes. In this case, the adjective fast can be understood as either modifying trains and planes or just trains:

Figure 34. Two interpretations of the phrase Fast trains and planes

In order to encode the possible analyses of this phrase, an unambiguous method of associating opening and closing segment boundary delimiters is required:

<phr function="NP">
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPstart"
  xml:id="NPInterpretationB"/>
 <w function="A">Fast</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPstart"
  xml:id="NPInterpretationA"/>
 <w function="N">trains</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPend"
  corresp="#NPInterpretationB"/>
 <w function="C">and</w>
 <w function="N">planes</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPend"
  corresp="#NPInterpretationA"/>
</phr>

bibliography ⚓︎

In this encoding, the first interpretation, in which fast modifies the NP trains and planes, the NP trains and planes is opened using an anchor tag with the xml:id value NPInterpretationA and closed with an anchor with the same value on corresp; in the second interpretation, in which fast forms a NP with trains, the NP fast cars is opened using an anchor tag with the xml:id value NPInterpretationB and closed with an anchor tag that has the same value on corresp.

Despite their advantages, segment boundary delimiters incur the disadvantage of cumbersome processing: since the elements of the analysis (e.g., the sentences in the poems, or phrases in the above example) are not uniformly represented by nodes in the document tree, they must be reconstituted by software in an ad hoc fashion, which is likely to be difficult and may be error prone.

Most important for some encoders, the method also disguises the relationship between the beginning and the ending of each logical element. This makes it impossible for standard validation software to provide the same kind of validation possible elsewhere in the encoding. When using grammar-based schema languages it is not possible to define a content model for the range limited by empty elements.⁹³

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TEI: Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements⚓︎21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

A third method involves breaking what might be considered a single logical (but non-nesting) element into multiple smaller structural elements that fit within the dominant hierarchy but can be reconstituted virtually. For example, if a passage of direct discourse begins in the middle of one paragraph and continues for several more paragraphs, one could encode the passage as a series of said elements, each fitting within a p element. The resulting encoding is valid XML, but the text in each said element represents only a portion of the complete passage of direct discourse. For this reason these elements are sometimes called ‘partial elements’.

In the case of our selection from Pinsky's poem, for example, the second passage of direct quotation, which crosses a line boundary and is broken up by a She said in the narrator's voice, can be made to fit within the hierarchy established by the metrical lineation by using two said elements:

<lg>
 <l>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</l>
 <l>And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</l>
 <l>at the back of one certain man and asked me,</l>
 <l>
  <said n="quotation1">Is that guy a psychiatrist?</said> and by god he was!
 <said n="quotation2">Yes,</said>
 </l>
 <l>She said, <said n="quotation2">He <emph>looks</emph> like a
     psychiatrist.</said>
 </l>
 <l>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</l>
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

Similarly, the sentences in our example from Wordsworth could be encoded:

<l>
 <seg n="sentence1">Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg n="sentence2">critic, you have frowned,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg n="sentence2">Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg n="sentence3">with this key</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg n="sentence3">Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg n="sentence4">the melody</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg n="sentence4">Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

There are two main problems with this type of encoding. The first is that it invariably means that the encoding will have more elements claiming to represent a feature than there are actual instances of that feature in the text. Thus, for example, the passage from Scorn not the sonnet marks seven spans of text using seg, even though there are only four linguistic sentences in the passage.

The second problem is that it can be semantically misleading. Although they are tagged using the element for sentence, for example, very few of the textual features encoded using seg in this example represent actual linguistic sentences: with this key, for example, is a prepositional phrase, not a sentence; Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound is a string corresponding to no single grammatical category.

Taken together, these problems can make automatic analysis of the fragmented features difficult. An analysis that intended to count the number of sentences in Wordsworth's poem, for example, would arrive at an inflated figure if it understood the seg elements to represent complete rhetorical sentences; if it wanted to do an analysis of his syntax, it would not be able to assume that seg delimited linguistic sentences.

The technique of fragmentation is often complemented by the technique of virtual joins. Virtual joins may be used to combine objects in the text to a new hierarchy. Here is Scorn not the sonnet again; this time the relationship between the parts of the fragmented sentences is indicated explicitly using the next and prev attributes described in 17.7. Aggregation.

<l>
 <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg next="#s2b" xml:id="s2a">critic, you have frowned,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg prev="#s2a" xml:id="s2b">Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg next="#s3b" xml:id="s3a">with this key</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg prev="#s3a" xml:id="s3b">Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg next="#s4b" xml:id="s4a">the melody</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg prev="#s4a" xml:id="s4b">Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

This method of virtually joining partial elements is sometimes called ‘chaining’.

For fragments encoded using ab, l, lg, div, or elements that belong to the att.segLike class, an even simpler mechanism for virtually joining fragments exists: the use of the part attribute with the value I (Initial), M (Medial), or F (Final) as described in 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors. Here is the above example recoded to reflect this method:

<l>
 <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg part="I">critic, you have frowned,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg part="F">Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg part="I">with this key</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg part="F">Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg part="I">the melody</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg part="F">Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</l>

bibliography ⚓︎

This method is TEI-conformant and simple to use. Its disadvantage is that it does not work well for cases of self-overlap, or if there are nested occurrences of the same element type, as it can become difficult to ascertain which initial, medial, or final partial element should be combined with which others or in which order. This problem becomes evident if we attempt to combine a detailed Grammatical view of the Pinsky example with its metrical encoding:

<lg>
 <l>
  <seg part="I">Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="M">And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="M">at the back of one certain man and asked me,</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="F">"<seg>Is that guy a psychiatrist?</seg>" and by god he was!</seg>
  <seg part="I">"<seg part="I">Yes,</seg>"</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="F">She said, "<seg part="F">He <emph>looks</emph> like a psychiatrist.</seg>"</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</seg>
 </l>
</lg>

bibliography ⚓︎

A third method for aggregating fragmented partial elements involves using markup that is not directly part of the encoding, e.g., the join element. In this method, a join element is used elsewhere in the document to indicate explicitly the members of the virtual element:

<l>
 <w xml:id="w01">Scorn</w>
 <w xml:id="w02">not</w>
 <w xml:id="w03">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w04">sonnet</w>; <w xml:id="w05">critic</w>, <w xml:id="w06">you</w>
 <w xml:id="w07">have</w>
 <w xml:id="w08">frowned</w>,
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w09">Mindless</w>
 <w xml:id="w10">of</w>
 <w xml:id="w11">its</w>
 <w xml:id="w12">just</w>
 <w xml:id="w13">honours</w>; <w xml:id="w14">with</w>
 <w xml:id="w15">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w16">key</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w17">Shakespeare</w>
 <w xml:id="w18">unlocked</w>
 <w xml:id="w19">his</w>
 <w xml:id="w20">heart</w>; <w xml:id="w21">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w22">melody</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w23">Of</w>
 <w xml:id="w24">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w25">small</w>
 <w xml:id="w26">lute</w>
 <w xml:id="w27">gave</w>
 <w xml:id="w28">ease</w>
 <w xml:id="w29">to</w>
 <w xml:id="w30">Petrarch's</w>
 <w xml:id="w31">wound</w>.
</l>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w01 #w02 #w03 #w04"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w05 #w06 #w07 #w08 #w09 #w10 #w11 #w12 #w13"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w14 #w15 #w16 #w17 #w18 #w19 #w20"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w21 #w22 #w23 #w24 #w25 #w26 #w27 #w28 #w29 #w30 #w31"/>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

This use of join is TEI-conformant.

The major advantage of fragmentation and virtual joins is that it allows all the hierarchies in the text to be handled explicitly: both the privileged one directly represented and the alternate hierarchy that has been split up and rejoined. The major disadvantages are that (like most of the other methods described here) it privileges one hierarchy over the others, requires special processing to reconstitute the elements of the other hierarchies, and, except in the case of join, can be semantically misleading.

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TEI: Stand-off Markup⚓︎21.4. Stand-off Markup

Most markup is characterized by the embedding of elements in the text. An alternative approach separates the text and the elements used to describe it. This approach is known as stand-off markup (see section 17.9. Stand-off Markup). It establishes a new hierarchy by building a new tree whose nodes are XML elements that do not contain textual content, but rather links to another layer: a node in another XML document or a span of text. This approach can be subdivided according to different criteria. A first distinction concerns the link base, i.e. the content to which annotations are to be applied. Sometimes the link target contains markup that can be referred to explicitly, as in the following example where the offset markup uses the xml:id values on w to provide targets for <xi:include>⁹⁴:

<l>
 <w xml:id="w001">Scorn</w>
 <w xml:id="w002">not</w>
 <w xml:id="w003">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w004">sonnet</w>; <w xml:id="w005">critic</w>, <w xml:id="w006">you</w>
 <w xml:id="w007">have</w>
 <w xml:id="w008">frowned</w>,
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w009">Mindless</w>
 <w xml:id="w010">of</w>
 <w xml:id="w011">its</w>
 <w xml:id="w012">just</w>
 <w xml:id="w013">honours</w>; <w xml:id="w014">with</w>
 <w xml:id="w015">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w016">key</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w017">Shakespeare</w>
 <w xml:id="w018">unlocked</w>
 <w xml:id="w019">his</w>
 <w xml:id="w020">heart</w>; <w xml:id="w021">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w022">melody</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w023">Of</w>
 <w xml:id="w024">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w025">small</w>
 <w xml:id="w026">lute</w>
 <w xml:id="w027">gave</w>
 <w xml:id="w028">ease</w>
 <w xml:id="w029">to</w>
 <w xml:id="w030">Petrarch's</w>
 <w xml:id="w031">wound</w>.
</l>
<!-- elsewhere in the current document -->

<p xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w001),element(w004))"/>
</seg>
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w005),element(w013))"/>
</seg>
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w014),element(w020))"/>
</seg>
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w021),element(w031))"/>
</seg>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that the layer that uses XInclude to build another hierarchy might well be in another document, in which case the value of href of <xi:xinclude> would need to be the URL of the document that contains the base layer, in this case the w elements.

This is very similar to the use of join discussed above. The main advantages of the stand-off method are that it is possible to specify attributes on the aggregate seg elements, and that there exists off-the-shelf software that will perform appropriate processing. Stand-off markup may be used even when the base text being annotated is plain text, i.e. does not have any XML encoding. In this case, the range of text to be marked up is indicated by character offsets (see 17.2.4. TEI XPointer Schemes, in particular 17.2.4.7. string-range()). Another distinction concerns the number of files which can serve as link targets. Often, one (dedicated) annotation is used as the link target of all the other annotations. It is also possible to freely interlink several layers.

It has been noted that stand-off markup has several advantages over embedded annotations. In particular, it is possible to produce annotations of a text even when the source document is read-only. Furthermore, annotation files can be distributed without distributing the source text. Further advantages mentioned in the literature are that discontinuous segments of text can be combined in a single annotation, that independent parallel coders can produce independent annotations, and that different annotation files can contain different layers of information. Lastly, it has also been noted that this approach is elegant.

But there are also several drawbacks. First, new stand-off annotated layers require a separate interpretation, and the layers—although separate—depend on each other. Moreover, although all of the information of the multiple hierarchies is included, the information may be difficult to access using generic methods.

Inasmuch as it uses elements not included in the TEI namespace, stand-off markup involves an extension of the TEI.

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TEI: Non-XML-based Approaches⚓︎21.5. Non-XML-based Approaches

There exist many non-XML methods of encoding a text that either solve or do not suffer the problem of the inability to encode overlapping hierarchies. These include, but are not limited to, the following proposals.

Applying the notion of concurrent markup to XML (Hilbert et al. (2005)). This reintroduces the CONCUR feature of SGML, which was omitted from the XML specification.

Designing a form of document representation in which several trees share all or part of the same frontier, and in which each individual view of the document has the form of a tree (see Dekhtyar and Iacob (2005)).

The ‘colored XML’ proposal (Jagadish et al. (2004)), which stores a body of information as a set of intertwined XML trees. This approach eliminates unnecessary redundancy and makes the database readily updatable, while allowing the user to exploit different hierarchical access paths.

The MultiX proposal (Chatti et al. (2007)) , which represents documents as directed graphs. Because XML is used to represent the graph, the document is, at least in principle, manipulable with standard XML tools.

The Just-In-Time-Trees proposal (Durusau and O'Donnell (2002)), which stores documents using XML, but processes the XML representation in non-standard ways and allows it to be mapped onto data structures that are different from those known from XML.

The Layered Markup and Annotation Language (LMNL) proposal. This offers alternatives to the basic XML linear form as well as its data and processing models. It uses an alternative notation to XML and a data structure based on Core Range Algebra (Tennison and Piez (2002)).

Markup Languages for Complex Documents (MLCD). This provides a notation (TexMECS) and a data structure (Goddag) as well as a draft constraint language for the representation of non-hierarchical structures; see Huitfeldt and Sperberg-McQueen (2001).

These approaches are based either on non-standard XML processing or data models, or not based on XML at all. Since TEI is currently based on XML they are not described any further in these Guidelines. Use of these methods with the TEI will certainly involve extensions; in most cases the documents will also be non-conformant.

Notes

92

It has been shown, however, that it is possible to relate the different annotations in an indirect way: if the textual content of the annotations is identical, the very text can serve as a means for linking the different annotations, as described in Witt (2002).

93

Grammar based schema languages (e.g., DTD, W3C Schema, and RELAX NG) are used to define markup languages (e.g., XHTML or TEI). Rule-based schema languages (e.g., Schematron) can be used to define further constraints. Such a rule-based schema language permits a sequence of certain elements between empty elements to be legitimized or prohibited.

94

A fake namespace is given for XInclude here, to avoid the markup being interpreted literally during processing.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

Table of contents

22.1. Levels of Certainty

22.2. Indications of Precision

22.3. Attribution of Responsibility

22.4. The Certainty Module

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Encoders of text often find it useful to indicate that some aspects of the encoded text are problematic or uncertain, and to indicate who is responsible for various aspects of the markup of the electronic text. These Guidelines provide several methods of recording uncertainty about the text or its markup:

the note element defined in section 3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing may be used with a value of certainty for its type attribute.

the certainty element defined in this chapter may be used to record the nature and degree of the uncertainty in a more structured way.

the precision element defined in this chapter may be used to record the accuracy with which some numerical value (such as a date or quantity) is provided by some other element or attribute.

the alt element defined in the module for linking and segmentation may be used to provide alternative encodings for parts of a text, as described in section 17.8. Alternation.

There are three methods of indicating responsibility for different aspects of the electronic text:

the TEI header records who is responsible for an electronic text by means of the respStmt element and other more specific elements (author, sponsor, funder, principal, etc.) used within the titleStmt, editionStmt, and revisionDesc elements.

the note element may be used with a value of resp or responsibility in its type attribute.

the respons element defined in this chapter may be used to record fine-grained structured information about responsibility for individual tags in the text.

No special steps are needed to use the note and respStmt elements, since they are defined in the core module and header respectively. The alt element is only available when the module for linking has been selected, as described in chapter 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment. To use the certainty, precision or respons elements, the module for certainty and responsibility should be selected.

These three elements are all members of an attribute class called att.scoping from which they inherit the following attributes:

att.scoping provides attributes for selecting particular elements within a document.

target | points at one or more sets of zero or more elements each.
match | supplies an XPath selection pattern using the syntax defined in Kay (ed.) (2017) which identifies a set of nodes, selected within the context identified by the target attribute if this is supplied, or within the context of the parent element if it is not.

These attributes enable statements about certainty, precision, or responsibility to be made with respect to the whole of a document, or any part or parts of it which can be identified using standard XML location methods. Several examples are given in the discussion of the certainty element below; the same mechanisms are available for all three elements discussed in this chapter.

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TEI: Levels of Certainty⚓︎22.1. Levels of Certainty

Many types of uncertainty may be distinguished. The certainty element is designed to encode the following sorts:

a given tag may or may not correctly apply (e.g. a given word may be a personal name, or perhaps not)

the precise point at which an element begins or ends is uncertain

the value given for an attribute is uncertain

the content given for an element is unreliable for any reason.

The following types of uncertainty are not indicated with the certainty element:

the numerical precision associated with a number or date (for this use the precision element discussed in 22.2. Indications of Precision)

the content of the document being transcribed is identifiable, but may be read or understood in different ways (for this use the transcriptional elements such as unclear, discussed in chapter 12. Representation of Primary Sources)

a transcriber, editor, or author wishes to indicate a level of confidence in a factual assertion made in the text (for this use the interpretative mechanisms discussed in 18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms and 19. Feature Structures)

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TEI: Using Notes to Record Uncertainty⚓︎22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

The simplest way of recording uncertainty about markup is to attach a note to the element or location about which one is unsure. In the following (invented) paragraph, for example, an encoder might be uncertain whether to mark ‘Essex’ as a place name or a personal name, since both might be plausible in the given context:

Elizabeth went to Essex. She had always liked Essex.

Using note, the uncertainty here may be recorded quite simply:

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName>Essex</placeName>. She had always liked <placeName>Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM">It is not
clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. -MSM</note>

⚓︎

Using the normal mechanisms, the note may be associated unambiguously with specific elements of the text, thus:

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName xml:id="CE-p1a">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-p1b">Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM"
 target="#CE-p1a #CE-p1b">It
is not clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. If the latter,
it should be tagged as a personal name. -<name xml:id="MSM">Michael</name>
</note>

⚓︎

The advantage of this technique is its relative simplicity. Its disadvantage is that the nature and degree of uncertainty are not conveyed in any systematic way and thus are not susceptible to any sort of automatic processing.

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TEI: Structured Indications of Uncertainty⚓︎22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

To record uncertainty in a more structured way, susceptible of at least simple automatic processing, the certainty element may be used:

certainty indicates the degree of certainty associated with some aspect of the text markup.

locus | indicates more exactly the aspect concerning which certainty is being expressed: specifically, whether the markup is correctly located, whether the correct element or attribute name has been used, or whether the content of the element or attribute is correct, etc.
degree | indicates the degree of confidence assigned to the aspect of the markup named by the locus attribute.

Returning to the example, the certainty element may be used to record doubts about the proper encoding of ‘Essex’ in several ways of varying precision. To record merely that we are not certain that ‘Essex’ is in fact a place name, as it is tagged, we use the target attribute to identify the element in question, and the locus attribute to indicate which aspect of the markup we are uncertain about (in this case, whether we have used the correct ‘name’ for the element used to mark it):

Elizabeth went to
<placeName xml:id="CE-pl1">Essex</placeName>.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document ... -->
<certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name">
 <desc>possibly not a placename</desc>
</certainty>

⚓︎

There are no particular constraints as to where the certainty element is placed in a document; it may be placed adjacent to the target element, or elsewhere in the same or another document. Its position is however significant when the target attribute is not specified as further discussed below.

We may wish to record the probability, assessed in some subjective way, that ‘Essex’ really is a place name here. The degree attribute is used to indicate the degree of confidence associated with the certainty element, expressed as a number between 0 and 1:

<!-- ... --><certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name"
 degree="0.6"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

This expresses the point of view that there is a 60 percent chance of ‘Essex’ being a place name here, and hence a 40 percent chance of its being a personal name. We can use two certainty elements to indicate the two probabilities independently. Both elements indicate the same location in the text, but the second provides an alternative choice of name identifier (in this case persName), which is given as the value of the assertedValue attribute:

<!-- ... --><certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name"
 degree="0.6">
 <desc>probably a placename, but possibly not</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name"
 degree="0.4" assertedValue="persName">
 <desc>may refer to the Earl of Essex</desc>
</certainty>

⚓︎

In the simplest case, it is also possible to place the certainty element within the element concerned:

Elizabeth went to
<placeName>Essex
<certainty locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
</placeName>.

⚓︎

When no target is specified, by default the proposed certainty applies to its parent element, in this case the placeName element. The match attribute discussed below may be used to further vary this behaviour.

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TEI: Contingent Conditions⚓︎22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions

Finally, we may wish to make our probability estimates contingent on some condition. In the passage ‘Elizabeth went to Essex; she had always liked Essex,’ for example, we may feel there is a 60 percent chance that the county is meant, and a 40 percent chance that the earl is meant. But the two occurrences of the word are not independent: there is (we may feel) no chance at all that the first occurrence refers to the county and the second to the earl. We can express this by using the given attribute to list the identifiers of certainty elements.

Elizabeth went to <placeName xml:id="CE-PL1">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-PL2">Essex</placeName>.

<!-- ... -->
<!-- 60% chance that P1 is a placename, 40% chance a personal name. -->
<certainty xml:id="cert-1" target="#CE-PL1"
 locus="name" degree="0.6">
 <desc>probably a placename, but possibly not"</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty xml:id="cert-2" target="#CE-PL1"
 locus="name" assertedValue="persName" degree="0.4">
 <desc>may refer to the Earl of Essex"</desc>
</certainty>
<!-- 60% chance that P2 is a placename, 40% chance a personal name. 100% chance that it agrees with P1. -->
<certainty target="#CE-PL2" locus="name"
 given="#cert-1" degree="1.0">
 <desc>if CE-PL1 is a placename, CE-PL2 certainly is"</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty target="#CE-PL2" locus="name"
 assertedValue="persName" degree="1.0" given="#cert-2">
 <desc>if CE-PL1 is a personal name, then so is CE-PL2</desc>
</certainty>

⚓︎

When given conditions are listed, the certainty element is interpreted as claiming a given degree of confidence in a particular markup given the assertional content of the certainty elements indicated. That is, a conjectural assertion is being made solely on the assumption that the interpretation indicated by the element named by the given attribute is actually correct.

Conditional confidence may be less than 100 percent: given the sentence ‘Ernest went to old Saybrook’, we may interpret ‘Saybrook’ as a personal name or a place name, assigning a 60 percent probability to the former. If it is a place name, there may be a 50 percent chance that the place name actually in question is ‘Old Saybrook’ rather than ‘Saybrook’, while if it is correctly tagged as a personal name, it is much more likely (say, 90 percent certain) that the name is ‘Saybrook’. Hence there is uncertainty about the correct location for the markup as well as about which markup to use. This state of affairs can be expressed using the certainty element thus:

Ernest went to <anchor xml:id="CE-a1"/> old <persName xml:id="CE-p2">Saybrook</persName>.

<certainty xml:id="cert1" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#CE-p2" locus="start"
 given="#cert1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert2" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="name" assertedValue="placeName" degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#CE-p2" locus="start"
 given="#cert2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert3" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#CE-a1" given="#cert1"
 degree="0.1"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert4" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#CE-a1" given="#cert2"
 degree="0.5"/>

⚓︎

Note the use of the assertedValue on certainty elements cert3 and cert4 to reference the anchor element placed at the alternative starting point for the element.

Multiplying the numeric values out, this markup may be interpreted as assigning specific probabilities to three different ways of marking up the sentence:

Ernest went to old <persName>Saybrook</persName>. (0.6 * 0.9, or 0.54)
Ernest went to old <placeName>Saybrook</placeName>. (0.4 * 0.5, or 0.20)
Ernest went to <placeName>old Saybrook</placeName>. (0.4 * 0.5, or 0.20)

⚓︎

The probabilities do not add up to 1.00 because the markup indicates that if ‘Saybrook’ is (part of) a personal name, there is a 10 percent likelihood that the element should start somewhere other than the place indicated, without however giving an alternative location; there is thus a 6 percent chance (0.1 × 0.6) that none of the alternatives given is correct.

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TEI: Pervasive Conditions⚓︎22.1.2.2. Pervasive Conditions

We may also wish to indicate confidence in some aspect of the tagging throughout a document, rather than (as discussed so far) in one particular instance. The match attribute may be used to supply a pattern identifying the portion of a document concerning which certainty is being expressed. The value of the match attribute is an XSLT selection pattern using the syntax defined in Kay (ed.) (2017). In the following example, we wish to indicate a low degree of confidence that the persName elements used throughout the whole document have been correctly applied:

<certainty locus="name" degree="0.3"
 match="//persName"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

No target has been supplied here, and so by default the certainty expressed would therefore apply to the parent element. However, in this case the XPath supplied as the value for match returns a set of all the persName elements in the document, independent of the current context. By contrast, in the following example

<div>
 <p>[...]</p>
</div>
<div>
 <certainty locus="name" degree="0.3"
  match=".//persName"/>
</div>

⚓︎

only the persName elements within the second div element are in question. Similarly, we may indicate that we have more confidence in the persName tagging within those div elements which have a type value of checked:

<certainty locus="name" degree="0.7"
 match="//div[@type='checked']//persName"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

If an element in a document is matched by more than one match expression, then the most specific pattern applies. ⁹⁵ As a simple case, if both the preceding certainty elements were present in the same document, a persName occurring within a <div type="checked"> element would potentially match both pattern expressions. However because the second pattern is more specific than the former, in fact this is the only one that would apply. If multiple patterns match and have the same priority, then the first one (in document order) is applied. Only those statements of certainty which have matched in this sense are available for conditional application using the given attribute mentioned above.

When the match attribute is processed, the namespace bindings in force are those in effect at that point in the document. For example,

<div>
<!-- ... -->
 <certainty match=".//my:*" locus="value"
  degree="0.9"/>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

might be used to indicate a high degree of certainty about the content of any elements taken the namespace associated with the prefix my. This namespace prefix must be associated with an appropriate namespace definition, either on the certainty element itself, or on one of its ancestor elements.

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TEI: Content Uncertainty⚓︎22.1.2.3. Content Uncertainty

Doubts about whether the content of an element is correct may also be expressed by assigning to locus the value value. For example, if the source is hard to read and so the transcription is uncertain:

I have a <emph xml:id="CE-p3">bun</emph>.

<certainty target="#CE-p3" locus="value"
 degree="0.5"/>

⚓︎

Degrees of confidence in the proper expansion of abbreviations may also be expressed, as in the following example:

You will want to use
<choice>
 <expan xml:id="CE-e1">Standard
   Generalized Markup Language</expan>
 <expan xml:id="CE-e40">Some Grandiose Methodology for Losers</expan>
 <abbr>SGML</abbr>
</choice> ...

<!-- ... -->
<certainty target="#CE-e1" locus="value"
 degree="0.9"/>
<certainty target="#CE-e40" locus="value"
 degree="0.5"/>

⚓︎

The assertedValue attribute should be used to provide an alternative value for whatever aspect of the markup is in doubt: an alternative name, or the identifier of an alternative starting or ending point, as already shown, an alternative attribute value, or alternative element content, as in this example:

I have a <emph xml:id="CE-P3">bun</emph>.

<certainty target="#CE-P3" locus="value"
 assertedValue="gun" degree="0.8">
 <desc>a gun makes more sense in a holdup</desc>
</certainty>

⚓︎

Since attribute values have no internal substructure, the assertedValue attribute is not generally useful for specifying alternative transcriptions; it cannot for example be used if the alternative reading contains markup of any kind. More robust methods of handling uncertainties of transcription are the unclear element and the app and rdg elements described in chapter 13. Critical Apparatus. The certainty element allows for indications of uncertainty to be structured with at least as much detail and clarity as appears to be currently required in most ongoing text projects.

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TEI: Target or Match?⚓︎22.1.2.4. Target or Match?

As noted in 17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment, the target attribute may take any general teidata.pointer as values and may thus also contain an XPath expression of arbitrary complexity. Because full support for XPath is not provided by current processors, it is not generally recommended TEI practice. There are however some simple cases in which XPath syntax is to be preferred, notably those in which the xml:id attribute is used to identify a single element occurrence. The usage #A (to indicate the element whose xml:id attribute has the value A) is syntactically much simpler than the equivalent xpath2 expression //*[@xml:id='A'] and is hence preferred throughout these guidelines.

For similar reasons, the certainty element may specify both a target value (expressed as an URI) and a match value (expressed as an XPath). The former defines the context within which the latter is to be evaluated. As previously noted, if no value is supplied for target, the context within which the value of match should be evaluated is the parent element of the certainty element itself.

A typical case where it may be convenient to specify both target and match is that where we wish to indicate that the value of an attribute on some specific element is uncertain. In this case, the locus attribute takes the value value. For example, supposing there is only a 50 percent chance that the question was spoken by participant A:

<u xml:id="CE-u1" who="#A">Have you heard the election results?</u>
<certainty target="#CE-u1" match="@who"
 locus="value" degree="0.5"/>

⚓︎

or, equivalently and without the need to define a target,

<u who="#A">Have you heard the election results?<certainty match="@who" locus="value"
  degree="0.5"/>
</u>

⚓︎

The match and target attributes together provide a powerful mechanism which can be used to indicate precision for a large number of assertions throughout an encoded document in an economical way. Some further examples follow:

<certainty match="//p" locus="location"
 degree="0.2"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

This encoding indicates that there is only a 0.2 certainty that the boundaries of all p elements in the document have been correctly identified.

<certainty target="#a101" match="p"
 locus="location" degree="0.2"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

This encoding indicates that there is only a 0.2 certainty that the boundaries of the p elements contained by the element with xml:id value a101 have been correctly identified.

<persName resp="#LB">Essex
<certainty match="@resp" locus="value"
  degree="0.2"/>
</persName>

⚓︎

This encoding indicates that there is only a 0.2 certainty that the value for the resp attribute on the given persName element is correct.

<certainty match="//*/@resp" locus="value"
 degree="0.2"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

This encoding indicates that there is only a 0.2 certainty that any value for the resp attribute is correct, wherever it appears in the document.

<certainty target="#dd001" match="@resp"
 locus="value" degree="0.2"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

This encoding indicates that there is only a 0.2 certainty that the value for the resp attribute of the element indicated by the pointer #dd001 is correct

<certainty match="//*[@resp='#LB']"
 locus="value" degree="0.2"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

This encoding indicates that there is only a 0.2 certainty that the content of any element the resp attribute of which has the value #LB is correct, wherever it appears in the document.

The certainty element and the other TEI mechanisms for indicating uncertainty provide a range of methods of graduated complexity. Simple expressions of uncertainty may be made by using the note element. This is simple and convenient, and can accommodate either a discursive and unstructured indication of uncertainty, or a complex and structured but probably project-specific expression of uncertainty. In general, however, unless special steps are taken, the note element does not provide as much expressive power as the certainty element, and in cases where highly structured certainty information are needed, it is recommended that the certainty element be preferred.

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TEI: Indications of Precision⚓︎22.2. Indications of Precision

As noted above, certainty about the accuracy of an encoding or its content is not the same thing as the precision with which a value is specified. In the case of a date or a quantity, for example, we might be certain that the value given is imprecise, or uncertain about whether or not the value given is correct. The latter possibility would be represented by the certainty element discussed in the previous section; the former by the precision element discussed in this section.

The elements concerning which statements of precision are to be made are identified using the same target and match attributes inherited from the att.scoping class discussed in the previous section and in the same way. Other aspects are provided by other attributes as further discussed below.

precision indicates the numerical accuracy or precision associated with some aspect of the text markup.

precision | characterizes the precision of the element or attribute pointed to by the precision element.
stdDeviation | supplies a standard deviation associated with the value in question.

In 3.6.3. Numbers and Measures several ways of indicating ranges of values were introduced. For example, if we know that a date falls between 1930 and 1935, without being certain exactly where, this fact may be encoded using attributes notBefore and notAfter, as in the following example:

<date notBefore="1930" notAfter="1935">Early in the 1930s</date>...

⚓︎

Equally, if we know that every page of a manuscript has a width of at least 10 cm but no more than 30, we can use the attributes atLeast and atMost, as in the following examples:

<width atLeast="10" atMost="30" unit="cm"
 scope="all"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Suppose however that the precision with which the value of such an attribute can be specified is variable. For example, suppose an event is dated ‘about fifty years after the death of Augustus’. In this case, the precision of one end of the range (the death of Augustus) is higher than the other, assuming we know when Augustus died. We can say that the latest possible date is probably 50 years after that, but with less confidence than we can attach to the earliest possible date.

The precision element allows us to indicate the two attributes concerned and attach different levels of precision to them, using a similar mechanism as that provided for the certainty element:

<date xml:id="d001" notBefore="0014"
 notAfter="0064">About 50
years after the death of Augustus</date>
<precision target="#d001" match="@notAfter"
 precision="low"/>
<precision target="#d001"
 match="@notBefore" precision="high"/>

⚓︎

In much the same way, we may wish to indicate different levels of precision about the dating of either end of a historical period. For example, the elements defined for encoding personal data all bear a similar set of attributes to indicate normalized values for earliest or latest dates, etc. (see section 14.1.2. Dating Attributes); the precision of these attribute values may be indicated in exactly the same way. For example,

<residence from="1857-03-01"
 notAfter="1857-04-30">From the 1st of March to
some time in April of 1857.
<precision match="@notAfter"
  precision="medium"/>
</residence>

⚓︎

It may also be useful to indicate that the precisions given for minimum and maximum quanta differ. For example, to indicate that all pages measure at least 10 cm wide, and at most about 30:

<width xml:id="w00t" atLeast="10"
 atMost="30" unit="cm" scope="all"/>
<precision target="#w00t" match="@atMost"
 precision="low"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

The stdDeviation attribute may be used to indicate the standard deviation for a range of values. The generic dim element introduced in 11.3.4. Dimensions might be used to record the average number of characters per line in a typescript. If in addition we wish to record the standard deviation for the values summarized by that average, this would require an additional precision element, as in the following example:

<dim xml:id="dim1" type="avgLineLength"
 unit="chars" quantity="62.4"/>
<precision target="#dim1" stdDeviation="4"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Attribution of Responsibility⚓︎22.3. Attribution of Responsibility

In general, attribution of responsibility for the transcription and markup of an electronic text is made by respStmt elements within the header: specifically, within the title statement, the edition statement(s), and the revision history.

In some cases, however, more detailed element-by-element information may be desired. For example, an encoder may wish to distinguish between the individuals responsible for transcribing the content and those responsible for determining that a given word or phrase constitutes a proper noun. Where such fine-grained attribution of responsibility is required, the respons element can be used.

respons (responsibility) identifies the individual(s) responsible for some aspect of the content or markup of particular element(s).

locus
indicates the specific aspect of the encoding (markup or content) for which responsibility is being assigned.

This element allows one or more aspects of the markup to be attributed to a given individual. This element inherits the target and match attributes from the att.scoping class, in the same way as the certainty and precision elements. Its locus attribute functions in the same way as that on the certainty element (see 22.1. Levels of Certainty). It inherits the resp and cert attributes from the att.global.responsibility class.

For example, the following encoding indicates that RC is responsible for transcribing an illegible word, and that PMWR is responsible for identifying that word as a proper noun, i.e. deciding to mark it with the persName element at the location indicated:

Ernest went to old
<persName xml:id="CE-p5" rend="it">Saybrook</persName>.

<!-- ... -->
<respons target="#CE-p5" locus="value"
 resp="#RC"/>
<respons target="#CE-p5"
 locus="name location" resp="#PMWR"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="PMWR"/>
 <item xml:id="RC"/>
</list>

⚓︎

Similarly, in the following example, we indicate that RC is responsible for proposing the value of the rend attribute:

<respons target="#CE-p5" match="@rend"
 locus="value" resp="#RC"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: The Certainty Module⚓︎22.4. The Certainty Module

The module described in this chapter makes available the following additional elements:

Module certainty: Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

Elements defined: certainty precision respons

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

Notes

95

Specificity of pattern matching is defined further in the XSLT3 reference cited above (see https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/#default-priority)

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

23. Documentation Elements

Table of contents

23.1. Phrase Level Documentary Elements

23.2. Modules and Schemas

23.3. Specification Elements

23.4. Common Elements

23.5. Element Specifications

23.6. Class Specifications

23.7. Macro Specifications

23.8. Building a TEI Schema

23.9. Module for Documentation Elements

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This chapter describes a module which may be used for the documentation of the XML elements and element classes which make up any markup scheme, in particular that described by the TEI Guidelines, and also for the automatic generation of schemas or DTDs conforming to that documentation. It should be used also by those wishing to customize or modify these Guidelines in a conformant manner, as further described in chapters 24.3. Customization and 24.4. Conformance and may also be useful in the documentation of any other comparable encoding scheme, even though it contains some aspects which are specific to the TEI and may not be generally applicable.

An overview of the kind of processing environment envisaged for the module described by this chapter may be helpful. In the remainder of this chapter we refer to software which provides such a processing environment as an ODD processor.⁹⁶ Like any other piece of XML software, an ODD processor may be instantiated in many ways: the current system uses a number of XSLT stylesheets which are freely available from the TEI, but this specification makes no particular assumptions about the tools which will be used to provide an ODD processing environment.

As the name suggests, an ODD processor uses a single XML document to generate multiple outputs. These outputs will include:

formal reference documentation for elements, attributes, element classes, patterns, etc. such as those provided in Appendix C Elements below;

detailed descriptive documentation, embedding some parts of the formal reference documentation, such as the tag description lists provided in this and other chapters of these Guidelines;

declarative code for one or more XML schema languages, such as RELAX NG, W3C Schema, ISO Schematron, or DTD.

The input required to generate these outputs consists of running prose, and special purpose elements documenting the components (elements, classes, etc.) which are to be declared in the chosen schema language. All of this input is encoded in XML using elements defined in this chapter. In order to support more than one schema language, these elements constitute a comparatively high-level model which can then be mapped by an ODD processor to the specific constructs appropriate for the schema language in use. Although some modern schema languages such as RELAX NG or W3C Schema natively support self-documentary features of this kind, we have chosen to retain the ODD model, if only for reasons of compatibility with earlier versions of these Guidelines. For reasons of backwards compatibility, the ISO standard XML schema language RELAX NG (http://www.relaxng.org) may be used as a means of declaring content models and datatypes, but it is also possible to express content models using native TEI XML constructs. We also use the ISO Schematron language to define additional constraints beyond those expressed in the content model, as further discussed in 23.5.2. Additional Constraints below.

In the TEI system, a schema is built by combining element and attribute declarations, more or less as required. Each element is documented by an appropriate specification element and has an identifier unique across the whole TEI scheme. For convenience, these specifications are grouped into a number of discrete modules, which can also be combined more or less as required. Each major chapter of these Guidelines defines a distinct module. Each module declares a number of elements specific to that module, and may also populate particular classes. All classes are available globally, irrespective of the module in which they are declared; particular modules extend the meaning of a class by adding elements or attributes to it. Wherever possible, element content models are defined in terms of classes rather than in terms of specific elements. Modules can also declare particular patterns, which act as short-cuts for commonly used content models or class references.

In the present chapter, we discuss the components needed to support this system. In addition, section 23.1. Phrase Level Documentary Elements discusses some general purpose elements which may be useful in any kind of technical documentation, wherever there is need to talk about technical features of an XML encoding such as element names and attributes. Section 23.2. Modules and Schemas discusses the elements which are used to document XML modules and their high-level components. Section 23.3. Specification Elements discusses the elements which document XML elements and their attributes, element classes, and generic patterns or macros. Finally, section 23.9. Module for Documentation Elements provides a summary overview of the elements provided by this module.

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TEI: Phrase Level Documentary Elements⚓︎23.1. Phrase Level Documentary Elements

TEI: Phrase Level Terms⚓︎23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms

In any kind of technical documentation, the following phrase-level elements may be found useful for marking up strings of text which need to be distinguished from the running text because they come from some formal language:

code contains literal code from some formal language such as a programming language.

lang
(formal language) a name identifying the formal language in which the code is expressed.

ident (identifier) contains an identifier or name for an object of some kind in a formal language. ident is used for tokens such as variable names, class names, type names, function names etc. in formal programming languages.

Like other phrase-level elements used to indicate the semantics of a typographically distinct string, these are members of the model.emphLike class. They are available anywhere that running prose is permitted when the module defined by this chapter is included in a schema.

The code and ident elements are intended for use when citing brief passages in some formal language such as a programming language, as in the following example:

<p>If the variable <ident>z</ident> has a value of zero, a statement such as <code>x=y/z</code> will
usually cause a fatal error.</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

If the cited phrase is a mathematical or chemical formula, the more specific formula element defined by the figures module (15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions) may be more appropriate.

A further group of similar phrase-level elements is also defined for the special case of representing parts of an XML document:

att (attribute) contains the name of an attribute appearing within running text.

gi (element name) contains the name (generic identifier) of an element.

tag (tag) contains text of a complete start- or end-tag, possibly including attribute specifications, but excluding the opening and closing markup delimiter characters.

val (value) contains a single attribute value.

These elements constitute the model.phrase.xml class, which is also a subclass of model.phrase. They are also available anywhere that running prose is permitted when the module defined by this chapter is included in a schema.

As an example of the recommended use of these elements, we quote from an imaginary TEI working paper:

<p>The <gi>gi</gi> element is used to tag element
names when they appear in the text; the <gi>tag</gi> element however is used to show how a tag as
such might appear. So one might talk of an occurrence of the <gi>blort</gi> element which had been
tagged <tag>blort type='runcible'</tag>. The <att>type</att> attribute may take any name token as
value; the default value is <val>spqr</val>, in memory of its creator.</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Within technical documentation, it is also often necessary to provide more extended examples of usage or to present passages of markup for discussion. The following special elements are provided for these purposes:

eg (example) contains any kind of illustrative example.

egXML (example of XML) a single XML fragment demonstrating the use of some XML, such as elements, attributes, or processing instructions, etc., in which the egXML element functions as the root element.

Like the code element, the egXML element is used to mark strings of formal code, or passages of XML markup. The eg element may be used to enclose any kind of example, which will typically be rendered as a distinct block, possibly using particular formatting conventions, when the document is processed. It is a specialized form of the more general q element provided by the TEI core module. In documents containing examples of XML markup, the egXML element should be used for preference, as further discussed below in 23.4.2. Exemplification of Components, since the content of this element can be checked for well-formedness.

These elements are added to the class model.egLike when this module is included in a schema. That class is a part of the general model.inter class, thus permitting eg or egXML elements to appear either within or between paragraph-like elements.

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TEI: Element and Attribute Descriptions⚓︎23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions

Within the body of a document using this module, the following elements may be used to reference parts of the specification elements discussed in section 23.3. Specification Elements, in particular the brief prose descriptions these provide for elements and attributes.

specList (specification list) marks where a list of descriptions is to be inserted into the prose documentation.

specDesc (specification description) indicates that a description of the specified element, class, or macro should be included at this point within a document.

atts
(attributes) supplies attribute names for which descriptions should additionally be obtained.

TEI practice recommends that a specList listing the elements under discussion introduce each subsection of a module's documentation. The source for the present section, for example, begins as follows:

<div>
 <head>Element and Attribute Descriptions</head>
 <p>Within the body of a document using this module, the following elements may be used to reference parts of the specification elements
   discussed in section <ptr target="#TDcrystals"/>, in particular the brief prose descriptions these provide for elements and attributes.
 <specList>
   <specDesc key="specList"/>
   <specDesc key="specDesc" atts="atts"/>
  </specList>
 </p>
 <p>TEI practice recommends that a <gi>specList</gi> listing the elements under … </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

When formatting the ptr element in this example, an ODD processor might simply generate the section number and title of the section referred to, perhaps additionally inserting a link to the section. In a similar way, when processing the specDesc elements, an ODD processor may recover relevant details of the elements being specified (specList and specDesc in this case) from their associated declaration elements: typically, the details recovered will include a brief description of the element and its attributes. These, and other data, will be stored in a specification element elsewhere within the current document, or they may be supplied by the ODD processor in some other way, for example from a database. For this reason, the link to the required specification element is always made using a TEI-defined key rather than an XML IDREF value. The ODD processor uses this key as a means of accessing the specification element required. There is no requirement that this be performed using the XML ID/IDREF mechanism, but there is an assumption that the identifier be unique.

A specDesc generates in the documentation the identifier, and also the contents of the desc child of whatever specification element is indicated by its key attribute, as in the example above. Documentation for any attributes specified by the atts attribute will also be generated as an associated attribute list.

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TEI: Modules and Schemas⚓︎23.2. Modules and Schemas

As mentioned above, the primary purpose of this module is to facilitate the documentation and creation of an XML schema derived from the TEI Guidelines. The following elements are provided for this purpose:

schemaSpec (schema specification) generates a TEI-conformant schema and documentation for it.

moduleSpec (module specification) documents the structure, content, and purpose of a single module, i.e. a named and externally visible group of declarations.

moduleRef (module reference) references a module which is to be incorporated into a schema.

include | supplies a list of the elements which are to be copied from the specified module into the schema being defined.
except | supplies a list of the elements which are not to be copied from the specified module into the schema being defined.

specGrp (specification group) contains any convenient grouping of specifications for use within the current module.

specGrpRef (reference to a specification group) indicates that the declarations contained by the specGrp referenced should be inserted at this point.

attRef (attribute pointer) points to the definition of an attribute or group of attributes.

elementRef points to the specification for some element which is to be included in a schema.

A module is a convenient way of grouping together element and other declarations, and of associating an externally-visible name with the resulting group. A specification group performs essentially the same function, but the resulting group is not accessible outside the scope of the ODD document in which it is defined, whereas a module can be accessed by name from any TEI schema specification. Elements, and their attributes, element classes, and patterns are all individually documented using further elements described in section 23.3. Specification Elements below; part of that specification includes the name of the module to which the component belongs.

An ODD processor generating XML DTD or schema fragments from a document marked up according to the recommendations of this chapter will generate such fragments for each moduleSpec element found. For example, the chapter documenting the TEI module for names and dates contains a module specification like the following:

<moduleSpec ident="namesdates">
 <idno type="FPI">Names and Dates</idno>
 <desc>Additional elements for names and dates</desc>
</moduleSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

together with specifications for all the elements, classes, and patterns which make up that module, expressed using elementSpec, classSpec, or macroSpec elements as appropriate. (These elements are discussed in section 23.3. Specification Elements below.) Each of those specifications carries a module attribute, the value of which is namesdates. An ODD processor encountering the moduleSpec element above can thus generate a schema fragment for the TEI namesdates module that includes declarations for all the elements (etc.) which reference it.

In most realistic applications, it will be desirable to combine more than one module together to form a complete schema. A schema consists of references to one or more modules or specification groups, and may also contain explicit declarations or redeclarations of elements (see further 23.8.1. TEI customizations). Any combination of modules can be used to create a schema ⁹⁷

A schema can combine references to TEI modules with references to other (non-TEI) modules using different namespaces, for example to include mathematical markup expressed using MathML in a TEI document. By default, the effect of combining modules is to allow all of the components declared by the constituent modules to coexist (where this is syntactically possible: where it is not—for example, because of name clashes—a schema cannot be generated). It is also possible to over-ride declarations contained by a module, as further discussed in section 23.8.1. TEI customizations

It is often convenient to describe and operate on sets of declarations smaller than the whole, and to document them in a specific order: such collections are called specGrps (specification groups). Individual specGrp elements are identified using the global xml:id attribute, and may then be referenced from any point in an ODD document using the specGrpRef element. This is useful if, for example, it is desired to describe particular groups of elements in a specific sequence. Note however that the order in which element declarations appear within the schema code generated from an ODD file element is not in general affected by the order of declarations within a specGrp.

An ODD processor will generate a piece of schema code corresponding with the declarations contained by a specGrp element in the documentation being output, and a cross-reference to such a piece of schema code when processing a specGrpRef. For example, if the input text reads

<p>This module contains three red elements: <specGrp xml:id="RED">
  <elementSpec ident="beetroot">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="east">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="rose">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
 </specGrp> and two blue ones: <specGrp xml:id="BLUE">
  <elementSpec ident="sky">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="bayou">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
 </specGrp>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

then the output documentation will replace the two specGrp elements above with a representation of the schema code declaring the elements <beetroot>, <east>, and <rose> and that declaring the elements <sky> and <bayou> respectively. Similarly, if the input text contains elsewhere a passage such as

<div>
 <head>An overview of the imaginary module</head>
 <p>The imaginary module contains declarations for coloured things: <specGrpRef target="#RED"/>
  <specGrpRef target="#BLUE"/>
 </p>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

then the specGrpRef elements may be replaced by an appropriate piece of reference text such as ‘The RED elements were declared in section 4.2 above’, or even by a copy of the relevant declarations. As stated above, the order of declarations within the imaginary module described above will not be affected in any way. Indeed, it is possible that the imaginary module will contain declarations not present in any specification group, or that the specification groups will refer to elements that come from different modules. Specification groups are always local to the document in which they are defined, and cannot be referenced externally (unlike modules).

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TEI: Specification Elements⚓︎23.3. Specification Elements

The following elements are used to specify elements, classes, patterns, and datatypes:

elementSpec (element specification) documents the structure, content, and purpose of a single element type.

classSpec (class specification) contains reference information for a TEI element class; that is a group of elements which appear together in content models, or which share some common attribute, or both.

generate
indicates which alternation and sequence instantiations of a model class may be referenced. By default, all variations are permitted.

macroSpec (macro specification) documents the function and implementation of a pattern.

dataSpec (datatype specification) documents a datatype.

Unlike most elements in the TEI scheme, each of these ‘specification elements’ has a fairly rigid internal structure consisting of a large number of child elements which are always presented in the same order. Furthermore, since these elements all describe markup objects in broadly similar ways, they have several child elements in common. In the remainder of this chapter, we discuss first the elements which are common to all the specification elements, and then those which are specific to a particular type.

Specification elements may appear at any point in an ODD document, both between and within paragraphs as well as inside a specGrp element, but the specification element for any particular component may only appear once (except in the case where a modification is being defined; see further 23.8.1. TEI customizations). The order in which they appear will not affect the order in which they are presented within any schema module generated from the document. In documentation mode, however, an ODD processor will output the schema declarations corresponding with a specification element at the point in the text where they are encountered, provided that they are contained by a specGrp element, as discussed in the previous section. An ODD processor will also associate all declarations found with the nominated module, thus including them within the schema code generated for that module, and it will also generate a full reference description for the object concerned in a catalogue of markup objects. These latter two actions always occur irrespective of whether or not the declaration is included in a specGrp.

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TEI: Common Elements⚓︎23.4. Common Elements

This section discusses the child elements common to all of the specification elements; some of these are defined in the core module (3.4.1. Terms and Glosses). These child elements are used to specify the naming, description, exemplification, and classification of the specification elements.

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TEI: Description of Components⚓︎23.4.1. Description of Components

gloss (gloss) identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase.

desc (description) contains a short description of the purpose, function, or use of its parent element, or when the parent is a documentation element, describes or defines the object being documented.

equiv (equivalent) specifies a component which is considered equivalent to the parent element, either by co-reference, or by external link.

uri | (uniform resource identifier) references the underlying concept of which the parent is a representation by means of some external identifier.
filter | references an external script which contains a method to transform instances of this element to canonical TEI.
name | a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name (see https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#dt-name), naming the underlying concept of which the parent is a representation.
predicate [att.predicate] | the condition under which the element bearing this attribute applies, given as an XPath predicate expression.

altIdent (alternate identifier) supplies the recommended XML name for an element, class, attribute, etc. in some language.

listRef (list of references) supplies a list of significant references in the current document or elsewhere.

remarks (remarks) contains any commentary or discussion about the usage of an element, attribute, class, or entity not otherwise documented within the containing element.

The gloss element may be used to provide a brief explanation for the name of the object if this is not self-explanatory. For example, the specification for the element ab used to mark arbitrary blocks of text begins as follows:

<elementSpec module="linking" ident="ab">
 <gloss>anonymous block</gloss>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

⚓︎

A gloss may also be supplied for an attribute name or an attribute value in similar circumstances:

<valList type="open">
 <valItem ident="susp">
  <gloss>suspension</gloss>
  <desc>the abbreviation provides the first letter(s) of the word or phrase, omitting the
     remainder.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="contr">
  <gloss>contraction</gloss>
  <desc>the abbreviation omits some letter(s) in the middle.</desc>
 </valItem>
<!--...-->
</valList>

⚓︎

Note that the gloss element is needed to explain the significance of the identifier for an item only when this is not apparent, for example because it is abbreviated, as in the above example. It should not be used to provide a full description of the intended meaning (this is the function of the desc element), nor to comment on equivalent values in other schemes (this is the purpose of the equiv element), nor to provide alternative versions of the ident attribute value in other languages (this is the purpose of the altIdent element).

The contents of the desc element provide a brief characterization of the intended function of the object being documented in a form that permits its quotation out of context, as in the following example:

<elementSpec module="core" ident="foreign">
<!--... -->
 <desc xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-07-21">identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some
   language other than that of the surrounding text. </desc>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

⚓︎

By convention, a desc element begins with a verb such as contains, indicates, specifies, etc. and contains a single clause.

Both the gloss and desc elements (in addition to exemplum, remarks, and valDesc) are members of att.translatable, and thus carry the versionDate attributre. Where specifications are supplied in multiple languages, these elements may be repeated as often as needed. Each such element should carry both an xml:lang and a versionDate attribute to indicate the language used and the date on which the translated text was last checked against its source.

The equiv element is used to document equivalencies between the concept represented by this object and the same concept as described in other schemes or ontologies. The uri attribute is used to supply a pointer to some location where such external concepts are defined. For example, to indicate that the TEI death element corresponds to the concept defined by the CIDOC CRM category E69, the declaration for the former might begin as follows:

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="death">
 <equiv name="E69"
  uri="http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/"/>
 <desc>
<!--... -->
 </desc>
</elementSpec>

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The equiv element may also be used to map newly-defined elements onto existing constructs in the TEI, using the filter and name attributes to point to an implementation of the mapping. This is useful when a TEI customization (see 24.3. Customization) defines ‘shortcuts’ for convenience of data entry or markup readability. For example, suppose that in some TEI customization an element <bo> has been defined which is conceptually equivalent to the standard markup construct <hi rend='bold'>. The following declarations would additionally indicate that instances of the <bo> element can be converted to canonical TEI by obtaining a filter from the URI specified, and running the procedure with the name bold. The mimeType attribute specifies the language (in this case XSL) in which the filter is written:

<elementSpec ident="bo"
 ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <equiv filter="http://www.example.com/equiv-filter.xsl"
  mimeType="text/xsl" name="bold"/>
 <gloss>bold</gloss>
 <desc>contains a sequence of characters rendered in a bold face.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

⚓︎

The altIdent element is used to provide an alternative name for an object, for example using a different natural language. Thus, the following might be used to indicate that the abbr element should be identified using the German word Abkürzung:

<elementSpec ident="abbr" mode="change">
 <altIdent xml:lang="de">Abkürzung</altIdent>
<!--...-->
</elementSpec>

⚓︎

In the same way, the following specification for the graphic element indicates that the attribute url may also be referred to using the alternate identifier href:

<elementSpec ident="graphic" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="change" ident="url">
   <altIdent>href</altIdent>
  </attDef>
<!-- ... -->
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

⚓︎

By default, the altIdent of a component is identical to the value of its ident attribute.

The remarks element contains any additional commentary about how the item concerned may be used, details of implementation-related issues, suggestions for other ways of treating related information etc., as in the following example:

<elementSpec module="core" ident="foreign">
<!--... -->
 <remarks>
  <p>This element is intended for use only where no other element is available to mark the phrase
     or words concerned. The global <att>xml:lang</att> attribute should be used in preference to
     this element where it is intended to mark the language of the whole of some text element.</p>
  <p>The <gi>distinct</gi> element may be used to identify phrases belonging to sublanguages or
     registers not generally regarded as true languages.</p>
 </remarks>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

⚓︎

A specification element will usually conclude with a list of references, each tagged using the standard ptr element, and grouped together into a listRef element: in the case of the foreign element discussed above, the list is as follows:

<listRef>
 <ptr target="#COHQHF"/>
</listRef>

bibliography ⚓︎

where the value COHQF is the identifier of the section in these Guidelines where this element is fully documented.

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TEI: Exemplification of Components⚓︎23.4.2. Exemplification of Components

exemplum (exemplum) groups an example demonstrating the use of an element along with optional paragraphs of commentary.

eg (example) contains any kind of illustrative example.

egXML (example of XML) a single XML fragment demonstrating the use of some XML, such as elements, attributes, or processing instructions, etc., in which the egXML element functions as the root element.

valid | indicates the intended validity of the example with respect to a schema.
source [att.global.source] | specifies the source from which some aspect of this element is drawn.

The exemplum element is used to combine a single illustrative example with an optional paragraph of commentary following or preceding it. The illustrative example itself may be marked up using either the eg or the egXML element.

The source attribute may be used on either element to indicate the source from which an example is taken, typically by means of a pointer to an entry in an associated bibliography, as in the following example:

  <exemplum versionDate="2008-04-06" xml:lang="fr">   <p>L'element <gi>foreign</gi> s'applique également aux termes considerés étrangers.</p>     <egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" source="#fr-ex-Queneau_Journ">       <p>Pendant ce temps-là, dans le bureau du rez- de-chaussée, les secrétaires faisaient du         <foreign xml:lang="en">hulla-hoop</foreign>.</p>     </egXML>   </exemplum>

⚓︎

When, as here, an example contains valid XML markup, the egXML element should be used. In such a case, it will clearly be necessary to distinguish the markup within the example from the markup of the document itself. In an XML environment, this is easily done by using a different name space for the content of the egXML element. For example:

<p>The <gi>term</gi> element may be used
to mark any technical term, thus:
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples">
  This <term>recursion</term> is
  giving me a headache.</egXML></p>⚓

Alternatively, the XML tagging within an example may be ‘escaped’, either by using entity references to represent the opening angle bracket, or by wrapping the whole example in a CDATA marked section:

<p>The <gi>term</gi> element may be used
to mark any technical term, thus:
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples">
  This &lt;term&gt;recursion&lt;/term&gt; is
  giving me a headache.</egXML></p>⚓

or, equivalently:

<p>The <gi>term</gi> element may be used
to mark any technical term, thus:
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><![CDATA[
  This <term>recursion</term> is
  giving me a headache.]]></egXML></p>⚓

However, escaping the markup in this way will make it impossible to validate, and should therefore generally be avoided.

If the XML contained in an example is not well-formed then it must either be enclosed in a CDATA marked section, or ‘escaped’ as above: this applies whether the eg or egXML is used. The valid attribute on egXML may be used to indicate the XML validity of the example with respect to some schema, as being valid, invalid, or feasibly valid.

The egXML element should not be used to tag non-XML examples: the general purpose eg or q elements should be used for such purposes.

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TEI: Classification of Components⚓︎23.4.3. Classification of Components

In the TEI scheme elements are assigned to one or more classes, which may themselves have subclasses. The following elements are used to indicate class membership:

classes (classes) specifies all the classes of which the documented element or class is a member or subclass.

memberOf specifies class membership of the documented element or class.

key
specifies the identifier for a class of which the documented element or class is a member or subclass.

The classes element appears within either the elementSpec or classSpec element. It specifies the classes of which the element or class concerned is a member by means of one or more memberOf child elements. Each such element references a class by means of its key attribute. Classes themselves are defined by the classSpec element described in section 23.6. Class Specifications below.

For example, to show that the element gi is a member of the class model.phrase.xml, the elementSpec which documents this element contains the following classes element:

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.phrase.xml"/>
</classes>

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TEI: Element Specifications⚓︎23.5. Element Specifications

The elementSpec element is used to document an element type, together with its associated attributes. In addition to the elements listed above, it may contain the following subcomponents:

content (content model) contains a declaration of the intended content model for the element (or other construct) being specified.

autoPrefix
controls whether or not pattern names generated in the corresponding RELAX NG schema source are automatically prefixed to avoid potential nameclashes.

constraintSpec (constraint on schema) contains a formal constraint, typically expressed in a rule-based schema language, to which a construct must conform in order to be considered valid

scheme
supplies the name of the language in which the constraints are defined Suggested values include: 1] schematron (ISO Schematron)

attList (attribute list) contains documentation for all the attributes associated with this element, as a series of attDef elements.

org
(organization) specifies whether only one (choice) or all (group) of the attributes in the list are available.

model describes the processing intended for a specified element.

behaviour
names the process or function which this processing model uses in order to produce output. Suggested values include: 1] alternate; 2] anchor; 3] block; 4] body; 5] break; 6] cell; 7] cit; 8] document; 9] figure; 10] glyph; 11] graphic; 12] heading; 13] index; 14] inline; 15] link; 16] list; 17] listItem; 18] metadata; 19] note; 20] omit; 21] paragraph; 22] row; 23] section; 24] table; 25] text; 26] title

These subcomponents are discussed in the following sections.

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TEI: Defining Content Models⚓︎23.5.1. Defining Content Models

As described in Content Models: an Example and Content Model, the content of the element being defined — that is, what elements are allowed inside it, and in what order they are permitted — is described by its content model. The content model is defined by the content child of elementSpec. There are three distinctly different ways of specifying a content model:

The content model can be described using TEI elements defined by this chapter, as discussed in 23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI immediately below. Two such TEI elements that may be used to define a content model are dataRef and valList. But because these are most often used to define attribute values, they are discussed separately near the beginning and towards the end of 23.5.3.2. Value Specification, respectively.

Alternatively, and primarily for backwards compatibility, the content model may be expressed using a RELAX NG pattern. This is discussed in 23.5.1.2. Defining Content Models: RELAX NG, below.

Lastly, content models may be expressed using a schema language other than TEI or RELAX NG, but no further recommendations on doing so are provided by these Guidelines.

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TEI: Defining Content Models: TEI⚓︎23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

In the simplest case, the content model of an element may be expressed using a single empty element as the only child of content. This describes the element being defined as empty, meaning a valid instance of said element can not have any content.⁹⁸

empty indicates the presence of an empty node within a content model.

More commonly, one or more of the following elements are used to define a content model:

elementRef points to the specification for some element which is to be included in a schema.

anyElement indicates the presence of any elements in a content model.

classRef points to the specification for an attribute or model class which is to be included in a schema.

macroRef points to the specification for some pattern which is to be included in a schema.

An elementRef provides the name of an element which may appear at a certain point in a content model. An anyElement also asserts that an element may appear at a certain point in a content model, but rather than providing the name of a particular element type that may appear, any element regardless of its name may appear (and may have any attributes). A classRef provides the name of a model class, members of which may appear at a certain point in content model.⁹⁹ A macroRef provides the name of a predefined macro, the expansion of which is to be inserted at a certain point in a content model.

These three elements are all members of an attribute class which provides attributes that further modify their significance as follows:

att.repeatable provides attributes for the elements which define component parts of a content model.

minOccurs | (minimum number of occurrences) indicates the smallest number of times this component may occur.
maxOccurs | (maximum number of occurrences) indicates the largest number of times this component may occur.

Additionally, two wrapper elements are provided to indicate whether the components listed as their children form a sequence or an alternation:

sequence indicates that the constructs referenced by its children form a sequence.

alternate indicates that the constructs referenced by its children form an alternation.

These two wrapper elements are also members of att.repeatable. References listed as children of sequence must appear in the order and cardinality specified. Only one of the references listed as children of alternate may appear, although the cardinality of the alternate itself applies. Thus the following fanciful content model permits either any number of ptr elements (except zero) or any number of ref elements (except zero); at least one element must be present, but having both a ptr and a ref would be invalid.

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="ptr" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="ref" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

bibliography ⚓︎

However, the following content model permits any number of either ptr or ref elements (except zero); one element must be present, and having both ptr elements and ref elements (even intermixed) would be valid.

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="ptr"/>
  <elementRef key="ref"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

bibliography ⚓︎

The sequence and alternate elements may be used in combination with great expressive power. For example, in the following example, which might be imagined as a clean replacement for the content of the choice element, one and only one of the element pairs sic and corr, orig and reg, or abbr and expan is allowed.

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="sic"/>
   <elementRef key="corr"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="orig"/>
   <elementRef key="reg"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="abbr"/>
   <elementRef key="expan"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

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In the following example, which might be imagined as a clean replacement for the content of the address element, the encoder is given a choice of either:

a single street followed by a single placeName followed by a single postCode followed by an optional country, or

2, 3, or 4 addrLine elements.

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="street"/>
   <elementRef key="placeName"/>
   <elementRef key="postCode"/>
   <elementRef key="country" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
  </sequence>
  <elementRef key="addrLine" minOccurs="2"
   maxOccurs="4"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

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In addition to expressing where certain elements, members of a class of elements, or constructs matching a predefined macro may occur inside an element, a content model may permit a string of zero or more Unicode characters to occur at a certain point in the content model. This is indicated by supplying the element textNode within the content element.

textNode indicates the presence of a text node in a content model.

If nothing but a textNode element is present inside a content element, valid instances of the element being defined may contain a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters, but may not contain any elements.¹⁰⁰

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TEI: Defining Content Models: RELAX NG⚓︎23.5.1.2. Defining Content Models: RELAX NG

Element content models may also be defined using RELAX NG patterns. Here is a very simple example

<content>
 <rng:text/>
</content>

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The element within whose specification element this content element appears will have a content model which is expressed in RELAX NG as text, using the RELAX NG namespace. This model will be copied unchanged to the output when RELAX NG schemas are being generated. When an XML DTD is being generated, an equivalent declaration (in this case (#PCDATA)) will be output.

Here is a more complex example:

<content>
 <rng:group>
  <rng:ref name="fileDesc"/>
  <rng:zeroOrMore>
   <rng:ref name="model.teiHeaderPart"/>
  </rng:zeroOrMore>
  <rng:optional>
   <rng:ref name="revisionDesc"/>
  </rng:optional>
 </rng:group>
</content>

bibliography ⚓︎

This is the content model for the teiHeader element, expressed in the RELAX NG syntax, which again is copied unchanged to the output during schema generation. The equivalent DTD notation generated from this is (fileDesc, (%model.teiHeaderPart;)*, revisionDesc?).

The RELAX NG language does not formally distinguish element names, attribute names, class names, or macro names: all names are patterns which are handled in the same way, as the above example shows. Within the TEI scheme, however, different naming conventions are used to distinguish amongst the objects being named. Unqualified names (fileDesc, revisionDesc) are always element names. Names prefixed with model. or att. (e.g. model.teiHeaderPart and att.typed) are always class names. In DTD language, classes are represented by parameter entities (%model.teiHeaderPart; in the above example); see further 1. The TEI Infrastructure.

The RELAX NG pattern names generated by an ODD processor by default include a special prefix, the default value for which is set using the prefix attribute on schemaSpec. The purpose of this is to ensure that the pattern name generated is uniquely identified as belonging to a particular schema, and thus avoid name clashes. For example, in a RELAX NG schema combining the TEI element ident with another element called ident from some other vocabulary, the former will be defined by a pattern called TEI_ident rather than simply ident. Most of the time, this behaviour is entirely transparent to the user; the one occasion when it is not will be where a content model (expressed using RELAX NG syntax) needs explicitly to reference either the TEI ident or the other one. In such a situation, the autoPrefix attribute on content may be used. For example, suppose that we wish to define a content model for term which permits either a TEI ident or the ident defined by some other vocabulary. A suitable content model would be generated from the following content element:

<content autoPrefix="false">
 <rng:choice>
  <rng:ref name="TEI_ident"/>
  <rng:ref name="ident"/>
 </rng:choice>
</content>

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TEI: Additional Constraints⚓︎23.5.2. Additional Constraints

In addition to the content element, a set of general constraintSpec elements can be used to express rules about the validity of an element. Like some other specification elements, they are identifiable (using the ident attribute) in order that a TEI customization may override, delete, or change them individually. Each constraintSpec can be expressed in any notation which is found useful; the notation used must be recorded using the scheme attribute.

Schematron is an ISO standard (ISO/IEC 19757-3:2006) that defines a simple XML vocabulary for an ‘assertion language’ which provides a powerful way of expressing constraints on the content of any XML document in addition to those provided by other schema languages. Such constraints can be embedded within a TEI schema specification — including a TEI customization specification — using the methods exemplified in this chapter.¹⁰¹ An ODD processor will typically process any constraintSpec elements in a TEI specification whose scheme attribute indicates that they are expressed in Schematron to create an ISO Schematron schema which may be used to validate document instances. The ISO Schematron schema may be a free-standing document, or may be embedded in the RELAX NG schema output of the ODD processor.

Constraints are generally used to model local rules which may be outside the scope of the target schema language. For example, in earlier versions of these Guidelines several constraints on the usage of the attributes of the TEI element relation were expressed informally as follows: ‘only one of the attributes active and mutual may be supplied; the attribute passive may be supplied only if the attribute active is supplied.’. In the current version of the Guidelines, constraint specifications expressed as Schematron rules have been added, as follows:

<constraintSpec ident="ref-or-key-or-name"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:relation">
   <sch:assert test="@ref or @key or @name">One of the attributes @name, @ref, or @key must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<constraintSpec ident="active-mutual"
 scheme="schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:relation">
   <sch:report test="@active and @mutual">Only one of the attributes @active and @mutual may be supplied</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<constraintSpec ident="active-passive"
 scheme="schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:relation">
   <sch:report test="@passive and not(@active)">the attribute @passive may be supplied only if the attribute @active is supplied</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

⚓︎

Note that the ‘tei:’ prefix needs to be bound to the TEI namespace using the Schematron language <ns> element. This can be done using the constraintDecl element, which may appear in either the encodingDesc or schemaSpec element. A constraintDecl contains declarations specific to all the constraintSpec elements in the current TEI document whose scheme matches that of the constraintDecl.

<constraintDecl scheme="schematron"
 queryBinding="xslt3"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <sch:ns prefix="tei"
  uri="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"/>
 <sch:ns prefix="xi"
  uri="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
 <sch:let name="edition"
  value="substring-before( /*/tei:teiHeader//tei:editionStmt/tei:edition/@n, '.')"/>
 <sch:let name="uses_old_encoding"
  value="$edition cast as xs:integer lt 3"/>
</constraintDecl>

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In this example the Schematron query language binding is set (to xslt3) for use by a Schematron processor, two namespace prefixes are bound to namespace URIs for later use within constraint elements, and the $uses_old_encoding variable is set (to either true() or false()) so that Schematron assertions elsewhere in the TEI document can easily test whether the edition number of the document being checked is 3 or more. (Presumably in this project there are minor encoding differences between the older and newer editions which do not merit an entirely different schema, but do merit the occasional different constraint.)

The following two examples are written presuming that the constraintDecl above is in force, that is that the Schematron processor will use an xslt3 binding, that ‘tei:’ is bound to the TEI namespace, that ‘xi:’ is bound to the XInclude namespace, and that the variable $uses_old_encoding is defined as a boolean. The first example models the constraint that a TEI div must contain either no subdivisions or at least two of them, with the added complication that larger subdivisions are provided as separate sectNN.xml files read in using XInclude:

<constraintSpec ident="subclauses"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:div">
   <sch:report test="count( tei:div | xi:include[ contains( @href, 'sect') ] ) eq 1">if it contains any
       subdivisions, a division must contain at least two of them</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

⚓︎

The second example demonstrates that Schematron rules are also useful where an application needs to enforce rules on attribute values, in this case checking that various types of title are provided in the TEI header:

<constraintSpec ident="introtitle"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:teiHeader">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[@type='introductory']"> an introductory component of the title is expected</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<constraintSpec ident="maintitle"
 scheme="schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:teiHeader[ $uses_old_encoding ]">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[@type eq 'main']"> a main title must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
  <sch:rule context="tei:teiHeader[ not( $uses_old_encoding ) ]">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[ not( @type eq 'sub' ) ]"> a main title must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

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As a further example, Schematron may be used to enforce rules applicable to a TEI document which is going to be rendered into accessible HTML, for example to check that some sort of content is available from which the alt attribute of an HTML <img> can be created:

<constraintSpec ident="alt"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:pattern id="altTags">
   <sch:rule context="tei:figure">
    <sch:assert test="tei:figDesc or tei:head"> You should provide information in a figure from
         which we can construct an alt attribute in HTML </sch:assert>
   </sch:rule>
  </sch:pattern>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

⚓︎

Schematron rules can also be used to enforce other HTML accessibility rules about tables; note here the use of a report and an assertion within one pattern:

<constraintSpec ident="tables"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:pattern id="Tables">
   <sch:rule context="tei:table">
    <sch:assert test="tei:head">A <table> should have a caption, using a <head> element</sch:assert>
    <sch:report test="parent::tei:body">Do not use tables to lay out the document body</sch:report>
   </sch:rule>
  </sch:pattern>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

⚓︎

Constraints can be expressed using any convenient language. The following example uses a pattern matching language called SPITBOL to express the requirement that title and author should be different.

<constraintSpec ident="title_ne_author"
 scheme="SPITBOL">
 <constraint> (output = leq(title,author) "title and author cannot be the same") </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

⚓︎

Note that the value of scheme is SPITBOL. In order to properly constrain and document the values of scheme used in their customization file, a project may wish to create a customization that (among other things) adds and explains this value for use in validating their customization file. Thus using schemes other than those provided for by the TEI (currently only schematron) may require somewhat more effort when creating a customization file. Such private schemes will generally be even more problematic on implementation of the constraints themselves, as it may require significant programming work. The TEI only provides this capability for the suggested value (schematron).

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TEI: Attribute List Specification⚓︎23.5.3. Attribute List Specification

The attList element is used to document information about a collection of attributes, either within an elementSpec, or within a classSpec. An attribute list can be organized either as a group of attribute definitions, all of which are understood to be available, or as a choice of attribute definitions, of which only one is understood to be available. An attribute list may thus contain nested attribute lists.

The attribute org is used to indicate whether its child attDef elements are all to be made available, or whether only one of them may be used. For example, the attribute list for the element moduleRef contains a nested attribute list to indicate that either the include or the except attribute may be supplied, but not both:

<attList>
<!-- other attribute definitions here -->
 <attList org="choice">
  <attDef ident="include">
<!-- definition for the include attribute -->
  </attDef>
  <attDef ident="except">
<!-- definition for the except attribute -->
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</attList>

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The attDef element is used to document a single attribute, using an appropriate selection from the common elements already mentioned and the following :

attDef (attribute definition) contains the definition of a single attribute.

usage
specifies the optionality of the attribute.

datatype (datatype) specifies the declared value for an attribute, by referring to any datatype defined by the chosen schema language.

minOccurs | indicates the minimum number of times this datatype may occur in an instance of the attribute being defined.
maxOccurs | indicates the maximum number of times this datatype may occur in an instance of the attribute being defined.

dataRef identifies the datatype of an attribute value, either by referencing an item in an externally defined datatype library, or by pointing to a TEI-defined data specification

defaultVal (default value) specifies the default declared value for an attribute.

valDesc (value description) specifies any semantic or syntactic constraint on the value that an attribute may take, additional to the information carried by the datatype element.

valList (value list) contains one or more valItem elements defining possible values.

valItem documents a single value in a predefined list of values.

The attList within an elementSpec is used to specify only the attributes which are specific to that particular element. Instances of the element may carry other attributes which are declared by the classes of which the element is a member. These extra attributes, which are shared by other elements, or by all elements, are specified by an attList contained within a classSpec element, as described in section 23.6. Class Specifications below.

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TEI: Datatypes⚓︎23.5.3.1. Datatypes

The ‘datatype’ (i.e. the kind of value) for an attribute may be specified using the elements datatype and dataRef. A datatype may be defined in any of the following three ways:

by reference to an existing TEI datatype definition, itself defined by a dataSpec;

by use of its name in XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, the widely used datatype library maintained by the W3C as part of the definition of its schema language;

by referencing its URI within some other datatype library.

The TEI defines a number of datatypes, each with an identifier beginning teidata., which are used in preference to the datatypes available natively from a target schema such as RELAX NG or W3C Schema since the facilities provided by different schema languages vary so widely. The TEI datatypes available are described in section 1.4.2. Datatype Specifications above. Note that each is, of necessity, mapped eventually to an externally defined datatype such as W3C Schema's text or name, possibly combined to give more expressivity, or constrained to a particular defined usage.

It is possible to reference a W3C schema datatype directly using name. In this case, the child dataFacet can be used instead of restriction to set W3C schema compliant restrictions on the datatype. A dataFacet is particularly useful for restrictions that can be difficult to impose and to read as a regular expression pattern.

<dataRef name="decimal">
 <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
  value="360.0"/>
 <dataFacet name="minInclusive"
  value="-360.0"/>
</dataRef>

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Note that restrictions are either expressed with restriction or dataFacet, never both.

A datatype may be used to constrain the textual content of an element, rather than the value of an attribute. But because they are intended for use in defining ranges of attribute values, datatypes may not contain elements or attributes.

The attributes minOccurs and maxOccurs are available for the case where an attribute may take more than one value of the type specified. For example, the columns attribute of the layout element can have one or two non-negative integers as its value:

<attDef ident="columns">
 <gloss xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-06-12">columns</gloss>
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">specifies the number of columns per page</desc>
 <datatype minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="2">
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <remarks xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2017-07-09">
  <p>If a single number is given, all pages referenced
     have this number of columns. If two numbers are given,
     the number of columns per page varies between the
     values supplied. Where <att>columns</att> is omitted
     the number is assumed to be <val>1</val>.</p>
 </remarks>
</attDef>

⚓︎

indicating that the target attribute may take any number of values, each being of the same datatype, namely the TEI data specification teidata.pointer. As is usual in XML, multiple values for a single attribute are separated by one or more white space characters. Hence, values such as #a #b #c or http://example.org http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml may be supplied.

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TEI: Value Specification⚓︎23.5.3.2. Value Specification

The valDesc element may be used to describe constraints on data content in an informal way: for example

<valDesc>must point to another <gi>align</gi>
element logically preceding this one.</valDesc>

⚓︎

<valDesc>Values should be Library of Congress
subject headings.</valDesc>

⚓︎

<valDesc>A bookseller's surname, taken from the list
in <title>Pollard and Redgrave</title>
</valDesc>

⚓︎

Constraints expressed in this way are purely documentary; to enforce them, the constraintSpec element described in section 23.5.2. Additional Constraints must be used. For example, to specify that an imaginary attribute ageAtDeath must take positive integer values less than 150, the datatype teidata.numeric might be used in combination with a constraintSpec such as the following:

<attDef ident="ageAtDeath"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>age in years at death</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <constraintSpec ident="lessThan150"
  scheme="schematron">
  <constraint>
   <sch:rule context="@ageAtDeath">
    <sch:assert test=". le 150">age at death must be an integer less than 150</sch:assert>
   </sch:rule>
  </constraint>
 </constraintSpec>
</attDef>

⚓︎

The elements altIdent, equiv, gloss and desc may all be used in the same way as they are elsewhere to describe fully the meaning of a coded value, as in the following example:

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

⚓︎

Where all the possible values for an attribute can be enumerated, the datatype teidata.enumerated should be used, together with a valList element specifying the values and their significance, as in the following example:

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>required</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>recommended</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optional</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

⚓︎

Note the use of the gloss element here to explain the otherwise less than obvious meaning of the codes used for these values. Since this value list specifies that it is of type closed, only the values enumerated are legal, and an ODD processor will typically enforce these constraints in the schema fragment generated.

The valList element can also be used to provide illustrative examples of the kinds of values expected without listing all of them. In such cases the type attribute will have the value open, as in the following example:

<attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">characterizes the movement, for example as an
   entrance or exit.</desc>
 <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
  xml:lang="ko">예를 들어 입장 또는 퇴장과 같은, 이동의 특성을 기술한다.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
 </datatype>
 <valList type="open">
  <valItem ident="entrance">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is entering the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에 등장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="exit">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is exiting the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 퇴장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="onStage">
   <desc versionDate="2007-07-04"
    xml:lang="en">character moves on stage</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 이동한다.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

⚓︎

The datatype will be teidata.enumerated in either case.

The valList or dataRef elements may also be used (as a child of the content element) to put constraints on the permitted content of an element, as noted at 23.5.1.2. Defining Content Models: RELAX NG. This use is not however supported by all schema languages, and is therefore not recommended if support for non-RELAX NG systems is a consideration.

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TEI: Processing Models⚓︎23.5.4. Processing Models

As far as possible, the TEI defines elements and their attributes in a way which is entirely independent of their subsequent processing, since its intention is to maximize the reusability of encoded documents and their use in multiple contexts. Nevertheless, it can be very useful to specify one or more possible models for such processing, both to clarify the intentions of the encoder, and to provide default behaviours for a software engineer to implement when documents conforming to a particular TEI customization are processed. To that end, the following elements may be used to document one or more processing models for a given element.

model describes the processing intended for a specified element.

modelGrp (model group) any grouping of model or modelSequence elements with a common output method.

modelSequence any sequence of model or modelSequence elements which is to be processed as a single set of actions.

One or more of these elements may appear directly within an element specification to define the processing anticipated for that element, more specifically how it should be processed to produce the kind of output indicated by the output attribute. Where multiple such elements appear directly within an elementSpec, they are understood to document mutually exclusive processing models, possibly for different outputs or applicable in different contexts. Alternatively, the modelGrp element may be used to group alternative model elements intended for a single kind of output. The modelSequence element is provided for the case where a sequence of models is to be processed, functioning as a single unit.

A processing model suggests how a given element may be transformed to produce one or more outputs. The model is expressed in terms of behaviours and parameters, using high-level formatting concepts familiar to software engineers and web designers, such as ‘block’ or ‘inline’. As such, it has a different purpose from existing TEI mechanisms for documenting the appearance of source materials, such as the global attributes rend, rendition and style, described in sections 2.3.4.1. Rendition and 3.3.1. What Is Highlighting?. It does not necessarily describe anything present in the original source, nor does it necessarily represent its original structure or semantics. A processing model is a template description, which may be used to simplify the task of producing or customizing the stylesheets needed by a formatting engine or any other form of processor.

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TEI: The TEI processing model⚓︎23.5.4.1. The TEI processing model

The model element is used to document the processing model intended for a particular element in an abstract manner, independently of its implementation in whatever processing language is chosen. This is achieved by means of the following attributes and elements:

model describes the processing intended for a specified element.

predicate [att.predicate]
the condition under which the element bearing this attribute applies, given as an XPath predicate expression.

behaviour
names the process or function which this processing model uses in order to produce output. Suggested values include: 1] alternate; 2] anchor; 3] block; 4] body; 5] break; 6] cell; 7] cit; 8] document; 9] figure; 10] glyph; 11] graphic; 12] heading; 13] index; 14] inline; 15] link; 16] list; 17] listItem; 18] metadata; 19] note; 20] omit; 21] paragraph; 22] row; 23] section; 24] table; 25] text; 26] title

output
the intended output. Sample values include: 1] web; 2] print; 3] plain

useSourceRendition
whether to obey any rendition attribute that is present.

cssClass
the name of a CSS class which should be associated with this element

outputRendition describes the rendering or appearance intended for all occurrences of an element in a specified context for a specified type of output.

scope
provides a way of defining ‘pseudo-elements’, that is, styling rules applicable to specific sub-portions of an element. Sample values include: 1] first-line; 2] first-letter; 3] before; 4] after

The mandatory behaviour attribute defines in broad terms how an element should be processed, for example as a block or as an inline element. The optional predicate attribute may be used to specify a subset of contexts in which this model should be applicable: for example, an element might be treated as a block element in some contexts, but not in others. The output attribute supplies a name for the output for which this model is intended, for example for screen display, for a printed reading copy, for a scholarly publication, etc. The way in which an element should be rendered is declared independently of its behaviour, using either the attribute useSourceRendition or the element outputRendition. These Guidelines recommend that outputRendition be expressed using the W3C Cascading Stylesheet Language (CSS), but other possibilities are not excluded. The particular language used may be documented by means of the styleDefDecl element described in 2.3.5. The Default Style Definition Language Declaration.

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TEI: Output Rendition ⚓︎23.5.4.2. Output Rendition

Here is a simple example of a processing model which might be included in the specification for an element such as hi or foreign. The intent is that these elements should be presented inline using an italic font.

<model behaviour="inline">
 <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
</model>

⚓︎

If the rendition element, or the attributes style, rend, or rendition have already been used in the source document to indicate elements that were originally rendered in italic, and we wish simply to follow this in our processing, then there is no need to include an outputRendition element, and the attribute useSourceRendition could be used as follows:

<model behaviour="inline"
 useSourceRendition="true"/>

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Any rendition information present in the source document will be ignored unless the useSourceRendition attribute has the value true. If that is the case, then such information will be combined with any rendition information supplied by the outputRendition element. For example, using CSS, an element which appears in the source as follows

<hi style="font-weight:bold;">this is in bold</hi>

⚓︎

would appear in bold and italic if processed by the following model

<model behaviour="inline"
 useSourceRendition="true">
 <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
</model>

⚓︎

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TEI: CSS Class⚓︎23.5.4.3. CSS Class

In a typical workflow processing TEI documents for display on the web, a system designer will often wish to use an externally defined CSS stylesheet. The cssClass attribute simplifies the task of maintaining compatibility amongst the possibly many applications using such a stylesheet and also enables a TEI application to specify the names of classes to be used for particular processing models. For example, supposing that the associated CSS stylesheet includes a CSS class called labeled-list, the following processing model might be used to request it be used for list elements containing a child label element:

<elementSpec ident="list" mode="change">
 <model predicate="label" behaviour="list"
  cssClass="labeled-list">
<!-- ... -->
 </model>
</elementSpec>

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In the following example, a table will be formatted using renditional information provided in the source if that is available, or by an external stylesheet, using one of the CSS classes specified, if it is not:

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="table">
<!-- Preserve original rendition for tables which contain @rendition hints -->
 <model predicate=".//row/@rendition or .//cell/@rendition"
  behaviour="table" useSourceRendition="true"/>
<!-- Use bootstrap for default table styling -->
 <model behaviour="table"
  useSourceRendition="true"
  cssClass="table table-hover table-bordered"/>
</elementSpec>

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As discussed further below, the input data available to a processing model is by default the content of the element being processed, together with its child nodes.

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TEI: Model Contexts and Outputs⚓︎23.5.4.4. Model Contexts and Outputs

Sometimes different processing models are required for the same element in different contexts. For example, we may wish to process the quote element as an inline italic element when it appears inside a p element, but as an indented block when it appears elsewhere. To achieve this, we need to change the specification for the quote element to include two model elements as follows:

<elementSpec ident="quote" mode="change">
 <model predicate="ancestor::p"
  behaviour="inline">
  <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block">
  <outputRendition>left-margin: 2em;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

⚓︎

As noted above, these two models are mutually exclusive. The first processing model will be used only for quote elements which match the XPath expression given as value for the predicate attribute. All other element occurrences will use the second processing model.

When, as here, multiple behaviours are required for the same element, it will often be the case that the appropriate processing will depend on the context. It may however be the case that the choice of an appropriate model will be made on the basis of the intended output. For example, we might wish to define quite different behaviours when a document is to be displayed on a mobile device and when it is to be displayed on a desktop screen. Different behaviours again might be specified for a print version intended for the general reader, and for a print version aimed at the technical specialist.

The modelGrp element can be used to group together all the processing models which have in common a particular intended output, as in the following example:

<modelGrp output="mobile">
 <model behaviour="inline"
  predicate="@rend='inline'">
  <outputRendition>font-size: 7pt;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block"
  predicate="@rend='block'">
  <outputRendition>text-color: red;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</modelGrp>
<modelGrp output="print">
 <model behaviour="inline"
  predicate="@rend='inline'">
  <outputRendition>font-size: 12pt;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block"
  useSourceRendition="true" predicate="@rend='block'">
  <outputRendition>text-align: center;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</modelGrp>

⚓︎

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TEI: Behaviours and their parameters⚓︎23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

In the examples above we have used without explanation or definition two simple behaviours: inline and block, but many other behaviours are possible. A list of recommended behaviour names forms part of the specification for the element model. A processing model can specify any named behaviour, some of which have additional parameters. The parameters of a behaviour resemble the arguments of a function in many programming languages: they provide names which can be used to distinguish particular parts of the input data available to the process used to implement the behaviour in question.

The following elements are used to represent and to define parameters:

param provides a parameter for a model behaviour by supplying its name and an XPath expression identifying the location of its content.

name
a name for the parameter being supplied. Suggested values include: 1] alternate; 2] default; 3] height; 4] id; 5] label; 6] level; 7] link; 8] place; 9] type; 10] url; 11] width

paramList list of parameter specifications.

paramSpec supplies specification for one parameter of a model behaviour.

By default, a processor implementing the TEI processing model for a particular element has available to it as input data the content of the element itself, and all of its children. One or more param elements may be supplied within a model element to specify parameters which modify this, either by selecting particular parts of the default input data, or by selecting data which would not otherwise be available. In either case, the value supplied for the parameter is given as an XPath expression, evaluated with respect to the element node being processed. An arbitrary name (defined in the corresponding paramSpec) is also supplied to a processor to identify each parameter.

For example, an element such as the TEI ref element will probably be associated with a processing model which treats it as a hyperlink. But a hyperlink (in most implementations) often has two associated pieces of information: the address indicated, and some textual content serving to label the link . In HTML, the former is provided as value of the href element, and the latter by the content of an <a> element. In the following processing model we define a behaviour called link, which will use whatever is indicated by the parameter called uri to provide the former, while the latter is provided by the content of the ref element itself:

<elementSpec ident="ref" mode="add">
 <model behaviour="link">
  <param name="uri" value="@target"/>
  <param name="content" value="."/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

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The value attribute of a param element supplies an XPath expression that indicates where the required value may be found. The context for this XPath is the element which is being processed; hence in this example, the uri parameter takes the value of the target attribute on the ref element being processed. The content parameter indicates that the content of that ref element should be provided as its value. (This parameter is not strictly necessary, since by default the whole content of the element being processed is always available to a processor, but supplying it in this way makes the procedure more explicit).

All the parameters available for a given behaviour are defined as a part of the definition of the behaviour itself, as further discussed in section 23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model below.

As a further example, the TEI choice element requires a different behaviour for which the name alternate is proposed as in the following example:

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

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The processing model shown here will be selected for processing a choice element which has both sic and corr child elements. The names default and alternate here are provided for convenience. The default parameter provides the value of the child corr element, and the alternate parameter will provide that of the child sic elements. If neither param element was supplied, both elements would still be available to an application, but the application would need to distinguish them for itself.

A choice element might contain multiple corrections, each with differing values for their cert attribute. In the following processing model, we will accept as value of the default attribute only those child corr elements which have a value high for that attribute:

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default"
   value="corr[@cert='high']"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

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A choice element might contain several different pairs of alternate elements (abbr and expan, orig and reg, etc.) We might wish to group together a set of processing models for these, for example to determine which of the possible alternatives is displayed by default whenever a choice element is processed for output to the web:

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="sic and corr"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default"
    value="corr[@cert='high']"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
  </model>
  <model predicate="abbr and expan"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default" value="expan[1]"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="abbr"/>
  </model>
  <model predicate="orig and reg"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default" value="reg"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="orig"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

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If nothing matches the XPath defining the value of a particular parameter (e.g. if in the above example there is no correction with cert=high) then the default parameter has no value. It is left to implementors to determine how null-valued parameters should be processed.

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TEI: Outputs⚓︎23.5.4.6. Outputs

As noted above, the output attribute is used to associate particular processing models with a specific type of output. The following example documents a range of processing intentions for the date element, intended to cope with at least the following three situations:

there is text inside the element, and the output is print;

there is no text inside the element but there is a when attribute, and the output is print;

there is a when attribute, there is text inside the element, and the output is web

<elementSpec ident="date" mode="change">
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="text()"
   behaviour="inline"/>
  <model predicate="@when and not(text())"
   behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@when"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <model output="web" predicate="@when"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="."/>
  <param name="alternate" value="@when"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

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For output to print we supply two processing models, one for the simplest case where the content of the date is to be treated as an inline element, and the other for the case where there is no content and the value of the when attribute is to be used in its place. This is specified by a parameter, called content in this example. For output to web, we use the alternate behaviour discussed in the previous section to indicate that by default the content of the element will be used, while retaining access to the value of the when attribute, this time via a parameter called alternate.

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TEI: Model sequence⚓︎23.5.4.7. Model sequence

As well as being combined to form model groups, several models may be combined to form a model sequence. All of the individual components of a model sequence are understood to be applied, rather than considered to be mutually exclusive alternatives. For example, we might wish to define two different behaviours for a note element: the inline behaviour should be used to display the value of the note number (given by its n attribute), while a different behaviour (here called footnote) should be used to display the content of the element at a specified place, given by the parameter place. Because both of these actions are required, the two models are grouped by a modelSequence element:

<elementSpec ident="note" mode="change">
 <modelSequence output="print">
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="footnote">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</elementSpec>

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The value of the parameter called place above is an XPath expression supplying an arbitrary string (‘foot’), which is therefore quoted. It is left to implementors to validate or constrain the possible values for such expressions.

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TEI: Defining a processing model⚓︎23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model

The processing model for an element is defined using some combination of model, modelSequence, or modelGrp elements within the elementSpec element containing its specification. The processing to be carried out is defined by means of the behaviour specified for each model element, possibly supplying specified values for a number of named parameters. The parameters available for a given behaviour are specified using a number of param elements grouped together in a paramList element. This paramList is supplied within the valItem used to document and name the behaviour. Here for example is the valItem which defines the link behaviour presented above:

<valItem ident="link">
 <desc>create a hyperlink</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="content">
   <desc>supplies the location of some content describing the link</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="uri">
   <desc>supplies the location of the intended hyperlink</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

⚓︎

Similarly the valItem which defines the behaviour named alternate includes specifications for two parameters: one also called alternate and the other called default

<valItem ident="alternate">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">support display of alternative visualisations, for
   example by displaying the preferred content, by displaying both in parallel, or by toggling
   between the two.</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="default">
   <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
    xml:lang="en">supplies the location of the preferred
       content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="alternate">
   <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
    xml:lang="en">supplies the location of the alternative
       content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

⚓︎

The suggested behaviours provided by the model element are informally defined using commonly understood terminology, but specific details of how they should be implemented are left to the implementor. Such decisions may vary greatly depending on the kind of processing environment, the kind of output envisaged, etc. The intention is to reduce as far as possible any requirement for the implementor to be aware of TEI-specific rules, and to maximize the ability of the ODD to express processing intentions without fully specifying an implementation.

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TEI: Implementation of Processing Models⚓︎23.5.4.9. Implementation of Processing Models

As elsewhere in these Guidelines, the recommendations of this section are intended to be implementation-agnostic, not favouring any particular implementation method or technology. An implementor may choose, for example, whether to pre-process processing model specifications into a free standing ‘pipeline’, or to extract and process them dynamically during document processing. However, although implementors are generally free to interpret the processing model documentation according to their own requirements, some general assumptions underlie the recommendations made here:

If a model element has no child param elements, the action specified by its behaviour should be applied to the whole element node concerned, including its child nodes of whatever type. If that behaviour requires distinguishing particular parts of the input, an implementation may choose either to make those distinctions itself, or to raise an error.

If a model element has no predicate or output attribute then it is assumed to apply to all instances of the element defined in its parent elementSpec for all outputs. Otherwise its applicability depends on these attributes.

Only one of the models is to be applied for a particular instance of the element, except when they appear within a modelSequence

A ‘matching’ model is one where the element to be processed satisfies the XPath in the predicate attribute of the model or modelSequence and the current output method matches the method specified in the output attribute of the model, modelSequence, or a containing modelGrp. A model or modelSequence without a predicate always matches the element to be processed. A model, modelGrp, or modelSequence without an output attribute matches any output method.

Processing Model implementations must execute only the first matching model or modelSequence in document order.

If there are two or more model elements provided for an elementSpec but they have different output attributes then the implementation should choose the model appropriate to the desired output.

If there are two or more model elements provided for an elementSpec but they have different predicate attributes then the implementation should choose the model whose predicate provides the most specific context (where specific is understood in the same way as in XSLT)

In the following example, which shows part of the element specification for the head element, there are two model elements, one with and one without a predicate attribute:

<model behaviour="inline"
 predicate="parent::list">
 <desc versionDate="2015-03-02"
  xml:lang="en">Model for list headings</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</model>
<model behaviour="heading">
 <desc versionDate="2016-03-02"
  xml:lang="en">Default model for all headings.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</model>

⚓︎

In this example, an implementation should use the first processing model only for head elements with a list element as parent; for all other head elements, the second processing model should be used.

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TEI: Class Specifications⚓︎23.6. Class Specifications

The element classSpec is used to document either an attribute class or a ‘model class’, as defined in section 1.3. The TEI Class System. A corresponding classRef element may be used to select a specific named class from those available.

classSpec (class specification) contains reference information for a TEI element class; that is a group of elements which appear together in content models, or which share some common attribute, or both.

type
indicates whether this is a model class or an attribute class

classRef points to the specification for an attribute or model class which is to be included in a schema.

expand
indicates how references to this class within a content model should be interpreted.

attList (attribute list) contains documentation for all the attributes associated with this element, as a series of attDef elements.

org
(organization) specifies whether only one (choice) or all (group) of the attributes in the list are available.

A model class specification does not list all of its members. Instead, its members declare that they belong to it by means of a classes element contained within the relevant elementSpec. This will contain a memberOf element for each class of which the relevant element is a member, supplying the name of the relevant class. For example, the elementSpec for the element hi contains the following:

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.hiLike"/>
</classes>

bibliography ⚓︎

This indicates that the hi element is a member of the class with identifier model.hiLike. The classSpec element that documents this class contains the following declarations:

<classSpec type="model"
 ident="model.hiLike">
 <desc>groups phrase-level elements related to highlighting that have no specific semantics </desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.highlighted"/>
 </classes>
</classSpec>

⚓︎

which indicate that the class model.hiLike is actually a member (or subclass) of the class model.highlighted.

The function of a model class declaration is to provide another way of referring to a group of elements. It does not confer any other properties on the elements which constitute its membership.

The attribute type is used to distinguish between ‘model’ and ‘attribute’ classes. In the case of attribute classes, the attributes provided by membership in the class are documented by an attList element contained within the classSpec. In the case of model classes, no further information is needed to define the class beyond its description, its identifier, and optionally any classes of which it is a member.

When a model class is referenced in the content model of an element (i.e. by means of a classRef element within the content of an elementSpec), its meaning will depend on the value of its expand attribute.

If this attribute is not specified, the classRef is interpreted to mean an alternated list of all the current members of the class named. For example, suppose that the members of the class model.hiLike are elements hi, <it>, and <bo>. Then a content model such as

<content>
 <classRef key="model.hiLike"/>
</content>

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would be equivalent to the explicit content model:

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="it"/>
  <elementRef key="bo"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

bibliography ⚓︎

(or, to use RELAX NG compact syntax, ( hi | it | bo )). However, a content model of <classRef expand="sequence"/> would be equivalent to the following explicit content model:

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="it"/>
  <elementRef key="bo"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

bibliography ⚓︎

(or, in RELAX NG compact syntax, ( hi, it, bo )).

An attribute class (a classSpec of type atts) contains an attList element which lists the attributes that all the members of that class inherit from it. For example, the class att.interpLike defines a small set of attributes common to all elements which are members of that class: those attributes are listed by the attList element contained by the classSpec for att.interpLike. When processing the documentation elements for elements which are members of that class, an ODD processor is required to extend the attList (or equivalent) for such elements to include any attributes defined by the classSpec elements concerned. There is a single global attribute class, att.global, to which some modules contribute additional attributes when they are included in a schema.

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TEI: Macro Specifications⚓︎23.7. Macro Specifications

The macroSpec element is used to declare and document predefined strings or patterns not otherwise documented by the elements described in this section. A corresponding macroRef element may be used to select a specific named pattern from those available. Patterns are used as a shorthand chiefly to describe common content models and datatypes, but may be used for any purpose. The following elements are used to represent patterns:

macroSpec (macro specification) documents the function and implementation of a pattern.

macroRef points to the specification for some pattern which is to be included in a schema.

key
the identifier used for the required pattern within the source indicated.

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TEI: Building a TEI Schema⚓︎23.8. Building a TEI Schema

The specification elements, and some of their children, are all members of the att.identified class, from which they inherit the following attributes:

att.identified provides identifying attributes for elements which can be subsequently referenced by means of a key attribute.

ident | supplies the identifier by which this element may be referenced.
predeclare | says whether this object should be predeclared in the tei infrastructure module.
module | supplies a name for the module in which this object is to be declared.

This attribute class is a subclass of the att.combinable class from which it (and some other elements) inherits the following attribute:

att.combinable provides attributes indicating how multiple references to the same object in a schema should be combined.

mode
specifies the effect of this declaration on its parent object.

This attribute class, in turn, is a subclass of the att.deprecated class, from which it inherits the following attribute:

att.deprecated provides attributes indicating how a deprecated feature will be treated in future releases.

validUntil
provides a date before which the construct being defined will not be removed.

The validUntil attribute may be used to signal an intent to remove a construct from future versions of the schema being specified.

The elementSpec, attDef and schemaSpec specification elements also have an attribute which determines which namespace to which the object being created will belong. In the case of schemaSpec, this namespace is inherited by all the elements created in the schema, unless they have their own ns.

att.namespaceable provides attributes indicating the target namespace for an object being created.

These attributes are used by an ODD processor to determine how declarations are to be combined to form a schema or DTD, as further discussed in this section.

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TEI: TEI customizations⚓︎23.8.1. TEI customizations

As noted above, a TEI schema is defined by a schemaSpec element containing an arbitrary mixture of explicit declarations for objects (i.e. elements, classes, patterns, or macro specifications) and references to other objects containing such declarations (i.e. references to specification groups, or to modules). A major purpose of this mechanism is to simplify the process of defining user customizations, by providing a formal method for the user to combine new declarations with existing ones, or to modify particular parts of existing declarations.

In the simplest case, a user-defined schema might just combine all the declarations from two nominated modules:

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="linking"/>
</schemaSpec>

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An ODD processor, given such a document, should combine the declarations which belong to the named modules, and deliver the result as a schema of the requested type. It may also generate documentation for the elements declared by those modules. No source is specified for the modules, and the schema will therefore combine the declarations found in the most recent release version of the TEI Guidelines known to the ODD processor in use.

The value specified for the source attribute, when it is supplied as a URL, specifies any convenient location from which the relevant ODD files may be obtained. For the current release of the TEI Guidelines, a URL in the form http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/x.y.z/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml may be used, where x.y.z represents the P5 version number, e.g. 1.3.0. Alternatively, if the ODD files are locally installed, it may be more convenient to supply a value such as ../ODDs/p5subset.xml".

The value for the source attribute may be any form of URI. A set of TEI-conformant specifications in a form directly usable by an ODD processor must be available at the location indicated. When no source value is supplied, an ODD processor may either raise an error or assume that the location of the current release of the TEI Guidelines is intended.

If the source is specified in the form of a private URI, the form recommended is aaa:x.y.z, where aaa is a prefix indicating the markup language in use, and x.y.z indicates the version number. For example, tei:1.2.1 should be used to reference release 1.2.1 of the current TEI Guidelines. When such a URI is used, it will usually be necessary to translate it before such a file can be used in blind interchange.

The effect of a moduleRef element is to include in the schema all declarations provided by that module. This may be modified by means of the attributes include and except which allow the encoder to supply an explicit lists of elements from the stated module which are to be included or excluded respectively. For example:

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="core"
  except="add del orig reg"/>
 <moduleRef key="linking"
  include="linkGrp link"/>
</schemaSpec>

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The schema specified here will include all the elements supplied by the core module except for add, del, orig, and reg. It will also include only the linkGrp and link elements from the linking module.

Alternatively, the element elementRef may be used to indicate explicitly which elements are to be included in a schema. The same effect as the preceding example might thus be achieved by the following:

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="core"
  except="add del orig reg"/>
 <elementRef key="linkGrp"/>
 <elementRef key="link"/>
</schemaSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note that in this last case, there is no need to specify the name of the module from which the two element declarations are to be found; in the TEI scheme, element names are unique across all modules. The module is simply a convenient way of grouping together a number of related declarations.

In the same way, a schema may select a subset of the attributes available in a specific class, using the classRef element to point to an attribute class:

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <classRef key="att.global.linking"
  include="corresp"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

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Here, only the corresp attribute is included; the other attributes in the class are not available. The same effect can be achieved using except:

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <classRef key="att.global.linking"
  except="copyOf exclude next prev sameAs select synch"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

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A schema may also include declarations for new elements, as in the following example:

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

A declaration for the element <soundClip>, which is not defined in the TEI scheme, will be added to the output schema. This element will also be added to the existing TEI class model.pPart.data, and will thus be available in TEI conformant documents. Attributes from existing TEI classes could be added to the new element using attRef:

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
  <attList>
   <attRef class="att.global.source"
    name="source"/>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

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This will provide the source attribute from the att.global.source class on the new <soundClip> element.

A schema might also include re-declarations of existing elements, as in the following example:

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="teistructure"/>
 <elementSpec ident="head" mode="change">
  <content>
   <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
  </content>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

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The effect of this is to redefine the content model for the element head as plain text, by over-riding the content child of the selected elementSpec. The attribute specification mode="change" has the effect of over-riding only those children elements of the elementSpec which appear both in the original specification and in the new specification supplied above: content in this example. Note that if the value for mode were replace, the effect would be to replace all children elements of the original specification with the children elements of the new specification, and thus (in this example) to delete all of them except content.

A schema may not contain more than two declarations for any given component. The value of the mode attribute is used to determine exactly how the second declaration (and its constituents) should be combined with the first. The following table summarizes how a processor should resolve duplicate declarations; the term identifiable refers to those elements which can have a mode attribute:

mode value | existing declaration | effect
add | no | add new declaration to schema; process its children in add mode
add | yes | raise error
replace | no | raise error
replace | yes | retain existing declaration; process new children in replace mode; ignore existing children
change | no | raise error
change | yes | process identifiable children according to their modes; process unidentifiable children in replace mode; retain existing children where no replacement or change is provided
delete | no | raise error
delete | yes | ignore existing declaration and its children

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TEI: Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules⚓︎23.8.2. Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules

In the simplest case, all that is needed to include a non-TEI module in a schema is to reference its RELAX NG source using the url attribute on moduleRef. The following specification, for example, creates a schema in which declarations from the non-TEI module svg11.rng (defining Standard Vector Graphics) are included. To avoid any risk of name clashes, the schema specifies that all TEI patterns generated should be prefixed by the string "TEI_".

<schemaSpec prefix="TEI_" ident="testsvg"
 start="TEI svg">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 <moduleRef url="svg11.rng"/>
</schemaSpec>

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This specification generates a single schema which might be used to validate either a TEI document (with the root element TEI), or an SVG document (with a root element <svg:svg>), but would not validate a TEI document containing <svg:svg> or other elements from the SVG language. For that to be possible, the <svg:svg> element must become a member of a TEI model class (1.3. The TEI Class System), so that it may be referenced by other TEI elements. To achieve this, we modify the last moduleRef in the above example as follows:

<moduleRef url="svg11.rng">
 <content>
  <rng:define name="TEI_model.graphicLike"
   combine="choice">
   <rng:ref name="svg"/>
  </rng:define>
 </content>
</moduleRef>

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This states that when the declarations from the svg11.rng module are combined with those from the other modules, the declaration for the model class model.graphicLike in the TEI module should be extended to include the element <svg:svg> as an alternative. This has the effect that elements in the TEI scheme which define their content model in terms of that element class (notably figure) can now include it. A RELAX NG schema generated from such a specification can be used to validate documents in which the TEI figure element contains any valid SVG representation of a graphic, embedded within an <svg:svg> element.

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TEI: Linking Schemas to XML Documents⚓︎23.8.3. Linking Schemas to XML Documents

Schemas can be linked to XML documents by means of the <?xml-model?> processing instruction described in the W3C Working Group Note Associating Schemas with XML documents (https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-model/). <?xml-model?> can be used for any type of schema, and may be used for multiple schemas:

<?xml-model href="tei_tite.rng" type="application/xml" ?>
<?xml-model href="checkLinks.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron" ?>
<?xml-model href="tei_tite.odd" type="application/tei+xml" schematypens="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ?>⚓

This example includes a standard RELAX NG schema, a Schematron schema which might be used for checking that all pointing attributes point at existing targets, and also a link to the TEI ODD file from which the RELAX NG schema was generated. See also 2.3.10. The Schema Specification for details of another method of linking an ODD specification into your file by including a schemaSpec element in encodingDesc.

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TEI: Module for Documentation Elements⚓︎23.9. Module for Documentation Elements

The module described in this chapter makes available the following components:

Module tagdocs: Documentation of TEI and other XML markup languages

Elements defined: altIdent alternate anyElement att attDef attList attRef classRef classSpec classes code constraint constraintDecl constraintSpec content dataFacet dataRef dataSpec datatype defaultVal eg egXML elementRef elementSpec empty equiv exemplum gi ident listRef macroRef macroSpec memberOf model modelGrp modelSequence moduleRef moduleSpec outputRendition param paramList paramSpec remarks schemaSpec sequence specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag textNode val valDesc valItem valList

Classes defined: att.combinable att.deprecated att.identified att.namespaceable att.predicate att.repeatable att.translatable model.contentPart

The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema.

The elements described in this chapter are all members of one of three classes: model.oddDecl, model.oddRef, or model.phrase.xml, with the exceptions of schemaSpec (a member of model.divPart) and both eg and egXML (members of model.common and model.egLike). All of these classes are declared along with the other general TEI classes, in the basic structure module documented in 1. The TEI Infrastructure.

In addition, some elements are members of the att.identified class, which is documented in 23.8.1. TEI customizations above.

Notes

96

ODD is short for ‘One Document Does it all’, and was the name invented by the original TEI Editors for the predecessor of the system currently used for this purpose. See further Burnard and Sperberg-McQueen (1995) and Burnard and Rahtz (2004).

97

The distinction between base and additional tagsets in earlier versions of the TEI scheme has not been carried forward into P5.

98

It would still be allowed to contain comments or processing instructions, as these are not considered part of the content model.

99

The classRef element may be used to refer to attribute classes, but this should not be done within a content.

100

This content model is not used very often in the TEI scheme. Because only Unicode characters are permitted, there is no way to record characters that are not (yet) represented in Unicode. Thus in TEI instead of textNode we often use a reference to macro.xtext which permits both Unicode characters and the g element.

101

Indeed, these Guidelines themselves include many additional constraints which are expressed in the ISO Schematron language using this mechanism. A conformant TEI document should respect these constraints, although automatic validation of them may not be possible for all processors.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

24. Using the TEI

Table of contents

24.1. Serving TEI files with the TEI Media Type

24.2. Obtaining the TEI

24.3. Customization

24.4. Conformance

24.5. Implementation of an ODD System

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This section discusses some technical topics concerning the deployment of the TEI markup schema documented elsewhere in these Guidelines. In section 24.3. Customization we discuss the scope and variety of the TEI customization mechanisms. In 24.4. Conformance we define the notions of TEI Conformance and TEI Extension. Since the ODD markup description language defined in chapter 23. Documentation Elements is fundamental to the way conformance and customization are handled in the TEI system, these two definitional sections are followed by a section (24.5. Implementation of an ODD System) which describes the intended behaviour of an ODD processor.

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TEI: Serving TEI files with the TEI Media Type⚓︎24.1. Serving TEI files with the TEI Media Type

In February 2011, the media type application/tei+xml was registered with IANA for ‘markup languages defined in accordance with the Text Encoding and Interchange guidelines’ (RFC 6129). We recommend that any XML file whose root element is in the TEI namespace be served with the media type application/tei+xml to enable and encourage automated recognition and processing of TEI files by external applications.

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TEI: Obtaining the TEI⚓︎24.2. Obtaining the TEI

As discussed in chapter 23. Documentation Elements, all components of the TEI schema are generated from a single set of TEI XML source files. Schemas can be generated in each of XML DTD language, W3C schema language, and RELAX NG schema language. Documentation can be generated in a variety of commonly-used document formats, including HTML, DOCX, or PDF.

TEI components are freely available over the Internet and elsewhere. The canonical home for the TEI source, the schema fragments generated from it, and example modifications, is the TEI repository at https://github.com/TEIC/TEI; versions are also available in other formats, along with copies of these Guidelines and related materials, from the TEI web site at http://www.tei-c.org/.

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TEI: Customization⚓︎24.3. Customization

These Guidelines provide an encoding schema suitable for encoding a very wide range of texts, and capable of supporting a wide variety of applications. For this reason, the TEI schema supports a variety of different approaches to solving similar problems, and also defines a much richer set of elements than is likely to be necessary in any given project. Furthermore, the TEI schema may be extended in well-defined and documented ways for texts that cannot be conveniently or appropriately encoded using what is provided. For these reasons, it is almost impossible to use the TEI schema without customizing it in some way.

This section describes how the TEI encoding schema may be customized, and should be read in conjunction with chapter 23. Documentation Elements, which describes how a specific application of the TEI encoding schema should be documented. The documentation system described in that chapter is, like the rest of the TEI schema, independent of any particular schema or document type definition language.

Formally speaking, these Guidelines provide both syntactic rules about how elements and attributes may be used in valid documents and semantic recommendations about what interpretation should be attached to a given syntactic construct. In this sense, they provide both a document type definition and a document type declaration. More exactly, we may distinguish between the TEI Abstract Model, which defines a set of related concepts, and the TEI schema which defines a set of syntactic rules and constraints. Many (though not all) of the semantic recommendations are provided solely as informal descriptive prose, though some of them are also enforced by means of such constructs as datatypes (see 1.4.2. Datatype Specifications), or by schema constraints expressed using the Schematron language. Schematron constraints provide information about special kinds of validation errors dependent on conditional relationships, such as the invalidity of an attribute name or value on one element when another is present, or when, given a pair of attributes such as minOccurs and maxOccurs, the minimum value exceeds the maximum value. Schematron constraints also provide warnings when a particular element, attribute, or combination is to be deprecated in future releases of the TEI scheme, to alert users that the feature in question is no longer to be used after a certain date. Very rarely, TEI Schematron constraints offer warnings that do not explicitly break with the TEI but suggest a more efficient or less ambiguous encoding. Although the descriptions, validation errors, and warnings have been written with care, there will inevitably be cases where the intention of the contributors has not been conveyed with sufficient clarity to prevent users of these Guidelines from ‘extending’ them in the sense of attaching slightly variant semantics to them.

Beyond this unintentional semantic extension, some of the elements described can intentionally be used in a variety of ways; for example, the element note has an attribute type which can take on arbitrary string values, depending on how it is used in a document. A new type of ‘note’, therefore, requires no change in the existing model. On the other hand, for many applications, it may be desirable to constrain the possible values for the type attribute to a small set of possibilities. A schema modified in this way would no longer necessarily regard as valid the same set of documents as the corresponding unmodified TEI schema, but would remain faithful to the same conceptual model.

This section explains how the TEI schema can be customized by suppressing elements, modifying classes of elements, or adding elements. Documents which validate against an application of the TEI schema which has been customized in this way may or may not be considered ‘TEI-conformant’, as further discussed in section 24.4. Conformance.

The TEI system is designed to support modification and customization in a documented way that can be validated by an XML processor. This is achieved by writing a small TEI-conformant document, known informally as an ODD (One Document Does it all), from which an appropriate processor can generate both human-readable documentation, and a schema expressed in a language such as RELAX NG or DTD. The mechanisms used to instantiate a TEI schema differ for different schema languages, and are therefore not defined here. In XML DTDs, for example, extensive use is made of parameter entities, while in RELAX NG schemas, extensive use is made of patterns. In either case, the names of elements and, wherever possible, their attributes and content models are defined indirectly. The syntax used to implement this indirection also varies with the schema language used, but the underlying constructs in the TEI Abstract Model are given the same names. This indirection makes it simpler to implement customization of the TEI system in an accessible and human-readable way.

As further discussed in section 1. The TEI Infrastructure, the TEI encoding schema comprises a set of class and macro declarations, and a number of modules. Each module is made up of element and attribute declarations, and a schema is made by combining a particular set of modules together. In the absence of any other kind of customization, when modules are combined together:

all the elements defined by the module (and described in the corresponding section of these Guidelines) are included in the schema;

each such element is identified by the canonical name given it in these Guidelines;

the content model of each such element is as defined by these Guidelines;

the names, datatypes, and permitted values declared for each attribute associated with each such element are as given in these Guidelines;

the elements comprising element classes and the meaning of macro declarations expressed in terms of element classes is determined by the particular combination of modules selected.

The TEI customization mechanisms allow the user to control this behaviour as follows:

particular elements may be suppressed, removing them from any classes in which they are members, and also from any generated schema;

new elements may be added to an existing class, thus making them available in macros or content models defined in terms of those classes;

additional attributes, or attribute values, may be specified for an individual element or for classes of elements;

within certain limits, attributes, or attribute values, may also be removed either from an individual element or for classes of elements;

the characteristics inherited by one class from another class may be modified by modifying its class membership: all members of the class then inherit the changed characteristics;

the set of values legal for an attribute or attribute class may be constrained or relaxed by supplying or modifying a value list, or by modifying its datatype.

within certain limits, the name (generic identifier) associated with an element may be changed, without changing the semantic or syntactic properties of the element;

The modification mechanisms presented in this section are quite general, and may be used to make all the types of changes just listed.

The recommended way of implementing and documenting all such modifications is by means of the ODD system described in chapter 23. Documentation Elements; in the remainder of this section we give specific examples to illustrate how that system may be applied. An ODD processor, such as the Roma application supported by the TEI, or any other comparable set of stylesheets will use the declarations provided by an ODD to generate appropriate sets of declarations in a specific schema language such as RELAX NG or the XML DTD language. We do not discuss in detail here how this should be done, since the details are schema language-specific; some background information about the methods used for XML DTD and RELAX NG schema generation is however provided in section 1.2. Defining a TEI Schema. Several example ODD files are also provided as part of the standard TEI release: see further section 24.3.4. Examples of Modification below.

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TEI: Kinds of Modification⚓︎24.3.1. Kinds of Modification

For ease of discussion, we distinguish the following different kinds of modification:

deletion of elements;

modification of content models;

modification of attribute and attribute-value lists;

modification of class membership;

addition of new elements.

renaming of elements;

Each of these is described in the following sections.

Each kind of modification changes the set of documents that will be considered valid according to the resulting schema. A schema derived from any combination of unmodified TEI declarations (an "unmodified schema") may be thought of as defining a certain set of documents. A schema deriving from a combination of modified TEI declarations (a "modified schema") will define a different set of documents. The set of documents valid according to the modified schema may or may not be properly contained by the set of documents considered to be valid according to the unmodified schema. The schema TEI-All is the special case of the unmodified schema which includes all currently available TEI modules. We use the term clean modification for cases where the set of documents defined by a modified schema is a proper subset of the set of documents defined by TEI-All. Where this is not the case, that is, where the modified schema considers valid some documents which TEI-All does not, we use the term unclean modification. Despite this terminology, unclean modifications are not particularly deprecated, and their use may often be vital to the success of a project. The concept is introduced solely to distinguish the effects of different kinds of modification.

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TEI: Deletion of Elements⚓︎24.3.1.1. Deletion of Elements

The simplest way to modify the supplied modules is to suppress one or more of the supplied elements. This is simply done by setting the mode attribute to delete on an elementSpec for the element concerned.

For example, if the note element is not to be used in a particular application, but has been included via one of the supplied modules, then the schema specification concerned will contain a declaration like the following:

<elementSpec ident="note" mode="delete"/>

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The ident attribute here supplies the canonical name of the element to be deleted and the mode attribute specifies what is to be done with it. There is no need to specify the module concerned, since element names are unique across all TEI modules. The full specification for a schema in which this modification is applied would thus be something like the following:

<schemaSpec ident="mySchema">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
<!-- other modules used by this customization -->
 <elementSpec ident="note" mode="delete"/>
</schemaSpec>

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In most cases, deletion is a clean modification, since most elements are optional. Documents that are valid with respect to the modified schema are also valid according to TEI-All. To say this another way, the set of documents matching the new schema is contained by the set of documents matching the original schema.

There are however some elements in the TEI schema which have mandatory children; for example, the element listPerson must contain at least one element from the model.personLike class. If that class has no members because all of its member elements have been removed, then the content model cannot be satisfied. A modification which keeps listPerson but removes all of its possible children would therefore be regarded as unclean. So long as at least one member of the class remains available, however, deleting other members would not have this effect, and would therefore be regarded as a clean modification.

In general, whenever the element deleted by a modification is mandatory within the content model of some other (undeleted) element, the result is an unclean modification, and may also break the TEI Abstract Model (24.4.3. Conformance to the TEI Abstract Model). However, the parent of a mandatory child can be safely removed if it is itself optional.

To determine whether or not an element is mandatory in a given context, the user must inspect the content model of the element concerned. In most cases, content models are expressed in terms of model classes rather than elements; hence, removing an element will generally be a clean modification, since there will generally be other members of the class available. If a class is completely depopulated by a modification, then the cleanliness of the modification will depend upon whether or not the class reference is mandatory or optional, in the same way as for an individual element.

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TEI: Modification of Content Models⚓︎24.3.1.2. Modification of Content Models

The content model for an element in the TEI schema is defined by means of a content element within the elementSpec which specifies it. For example, the specification for the element term provided by these Guidelines contains a content element like the following:

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

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This content model consists of a reference to a macro called macro.phraseSeq. Further examination shows that this macro in turn expands to an optional repeatable alternation of text (textNode) with references to three other classes (model.gLike, model.phrase, or model.global). For some particular application it might be preferable to insist that term elements should only contain plain text, excluding these other possibilities.¹⁰² This could be achieved simply by supplying a specification for term like the following:

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

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This is a clean modification which does not change the meaning of a TEI element; there is therefore no need to assign the element to some other namespace than that of the TEI, though it may be considered good practice; see further 24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces below.

A change of this kind, which simplifies the possible content of an element by reducing its model to one of its existing components, is always clean, because the set of documents matched by the resulting schema is a subset of the set of documents which would have been matched by TEI-All.

Note that content models are generally defined (as far as possible) in terms of references to model classes, rather than to explicit elements. This means that the need to modify content models is greatly reduced: if an element is deleted or modified, for example, then the deletion or modification will be available for every content model which references that element via its class, as well as those which reference it explicitly. For this reason it is not (in general) good practice to replace class references by explicit element references, since this may have unintended side effects.

An unqualified reference to an element class within a content model generates a content model which is equivalent to an alternation of all the members of the class referenced. Thus, a content model which refers to the model class model.phrase will generate a content model in which any one of the members of that class is equally acceptable. The classRef element used to reference a class has an expand attribute which may be used to vary this behaviour, for example to require ‘an optional repeatable alternation of all members of a class’, ‘a sequence containing no more than one of each member of the class’, etc. as described further in 23.6. Class Specifications.

Content model changes which are not simple restrictions on an existing model should be undertaken with caution. The set of documents matching the schema which results from such changes is unlikely to be contained by the set of documents matching TEI-All, and such changes are therefore regarded as unclean. When content models are changed or extended, care should be taken to respect the existing semantics of the element concerned as stated in these Guidelines. For example, the element l is defined as containing a line of verse. It would not therefore make sense to redefine its content model so that it could also include members of the class model.pLike such as p or ab. Although syntactically feasible, such a modification would not be regarded as TEI-conformant because it breaks the TEI Abstract Model.

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TEI: Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists⚓︎24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

The attributes applicable to a given element may be specified in two ways: they may be given explicitly, by means of an attList element within the corresponding elementSpec, or they may be inherited from an attribute class, as specified in the classes element. To add a new attribute to an element, the designer should therefore first check to see whether this attribute is already available from some existing attribute class. If it is, then the simplest method of adding it will be to make the element in question a member of that class, as further discussed below. If this is not possible, then a new attDef element must be added to the existing attList for the element in question.

Whichever method is adopted, the modification capabilities are the same as those available for elements. Attributes may be added or deleted from the list, using the mode attribute on attDef in the same way as on elementSpec. The ‘content’ of an attribute is defined by means of the datatype, valList, or valDesc elements within the attDef element. Any of these elements may be changed.

Suppose, for example, that we wish to add two attributes to the eg element (used to indicate examples in a text), type to characterize the example in some way, and valid to indicate whether the example is considered valid or not. A quick glance through the Guidelines indicates that the attribute class att.typed could be used to provide the type attribute, but there is no comparable class which will provide a valid attribute. The existing eg element in fact has no local attributes defined for it at all: we will therefore need to add not only an attDef element to define the new attribute, but also an attList to hold it.

We begin by adding the new valid attribute:

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates whether or not the example is considered to be valid</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.truthValue"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

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The value supplied for the mode attribute on the attDef element is add; if this attribute already existed on the element we are modifying this should generate an error, since a specification cannot have more than one attribute of the same name. If the attribute is already present, we can replace the whole of the existing declaration by supplying replace as the value for mode; alternatively, we can change some parts of an existing declaration only by supplying just the new parts, and setting change as the value for mode.

Because the new attribute is not defined by the TEI, it is good practice to specify a namespace for it on the attDef; see further 24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces.

As noted above, adding the new type attribute involves changing this element's class membership; we therefore discuss that in the next section (24.3.1.4. Class Modification).

The canonical name for the new attribute is valid, and is supplied on the ident attribute of the attDef element. In this simple example, we supply only a description and datatype for the new attribute; the former is given by the desc element, and the latter by the datatype element. (There are of course many other pieces of information which could be supplied, as documented in 23. Documentation Elements). The content of the datatype element is a dataRef element which references an existing TEI data specification.

It is often desirable to constrain the possible values for an attribute to a greater extent than is possible by simply supplying a TEI datatype for it. This facility is provided by the valList element, which can also appear as a child of the attDef element. Suppose for example that, rather than simply indicating whether or not the example is considered valid by means of the values true and false we wish to provide a more nuanced indication, using encoded values such as A, B, and C. A declaration like the following might be appropriate:

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI" mode="add">
   <desc>indicates the validity of the example by supplying one of three predefined
       codes for it.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="A">
     <desc>validity is of the highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="B">
     <desc>validity is of the second highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="C">
     <desc>validity is of the lowest class</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

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The same technique may be used to replace or extend the valList supplied as part of any attribute in the TEI schema.

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TEI: Class Modification⚓︎24.3.1.4. Class Modification

The concept of element classes was introduced in 1.3.2. Model Classes; an understanding of it is fundamental to successful use of the TEI system. As noted there, we distinguish model classes, the members of which all have structural similarity, from attribute classes, the members of which simply share a set of attributes.

The part of an element specification which determines its class membership is an element called classes. All classes to which the element belongs must be specified within this, using a memberOf element for each.

To add an element to a class in which it is not already a member, all that is needed is to supply a new memberOf element within the classes element for the element concerned. For example, to add an element to the att.typed class, we include a declaration like the following:

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change" ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes mode="change">
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

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Any existing class memberships for the element being changed are not affected because the mode attribute of the classes element is set to change (rather than its default value of replace). Consequently, in this case, the eg element retains its membership of the two classes (model.common and model.graphicLike) to which it already belongs.

Equally, to remove the attributes which an element inherits from its membership in some class, all that is needed is to remove the relevant memberOf element. For example, the element term defined in the core module is a member of two attribute classes, att.typed and att.declaring. It inherits the attributes type and subtype from the former, and the attribute decls from the latter. To remove the last of these attributes from this element, we need to remove it from that class:

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <classes mode="change">
  <memberOf key="att.declaring"
   mode="delete"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

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If the intention is to change the class membership of an element completely, rather than simply add or remove it to or from one or more classes, the value of the mode attribute of classes can be set to replace (which is the default if no value is specified), indicating that the memberships indicated by its child memberOf elements are the only ones applicable. Thus the following declaration:

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change" ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes mode="replace">
  <memberOf key="att.interpLike"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

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would have the effect of removing the element term from both its existing attribute classes, and adding it to the att.interpLike class.

If however the mode attribute is set to change, the implication is that the memberships indicated by its child memberOf elements are to be combined with the existing memberships for the element.

To change or remove attributes inherited from an attribute class for all members of the class (as opposed to specific members of that class), it is also possible to modify the class specification itself. For example, the class att.global.rendition defines several attributes which are available for all elements, namely rend, style, and rendition. If we decide that we never wish to use the rend attribute, the simplest way of removing it is to supply a modified class specification for att.global.rendition as follows:

<classSpec ident="att.global.rendition"
 type="atts" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="delete"/>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

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Because the mode attribute on the classSpec defining the attributes inherited through membership of this class has the value change, any of its existing identifiable components not specified in the modification above will remain unchanged. The only effect will therefore be to delete the rend attribute from the class, and hence from all elements which are members of the class.

The classes used in the TEI schema are further discussed in chapter 1. The TEI Infrastructure. Note in particular that classes are themselves classified: the attributes inherited by a member of attribute class A may come to it directly from that class, or from another class of which A is itself a member. For example, the class att.global is itself a member of the classes att.global.linking and att.global.analytic. By default, these two classes are predefined as empty. However, if (for example) the linking module is included in a schema, a number of attributes (corresp, sameAs, etc.) are defined as members of the att.global.linking class. All elements which are members of att.global will then inherit these new attributes (see further section 1.3.1. Attribute Classes). A new attribute may thus be added to the global class in two ways: either by adding it to the attList defined within the class specification for att.global; or by defining a new attribute class, and changing the class membership of the att.global class to reference it.

Such global changes should be undertaken with caution: in general removing existing non-mandatory attributes from a class will always be a clean modification, in the same way as removing non-mandatory elements. Adding a new attribute to a class however can be a clean modification only if the new attribute is labelled as belonging to some namespace other than the TEI.

The same mechanisms are available for modification of model classes. Care should be taken when modifying the model class membership of existing elements since model class membership is what determines the content model of most elements in the TEI schema, and a small change may have unintended consequences.

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TEI: Addition of New Elements⚓︎24.3.1.5. Addition of New Elements

To add a completely new element into a schema involves providing a complete element specification for it. It is recommended that the classes element of this new declaration should include a reference to at least one TEI model class. Without such a reference, the new element would not otherwise be referenced by the content model of any other TEI element, and would therefore be inaccessible within a TEI document. It is also possible to modify the content models of one or more existing elements to refer to the new element explicitly, as discussed in 24.3.1.2. Modification of Content Models but this will generally be less convenient.

For example, the three elements bibl, biblFull, and biblStruct are all defined as members of the class model.biblLike. To add a fourth member (say <myBibl>) to this class, we need to include in the elementSpec defining our new element a memberOf element which nominates the intended class:

<elementSpec ident="myBibl" mode="add"
 ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.biblLike"/>
 </classes>
<!-- other parts of the new declaration here -->
</elementSpec>

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The other parts of this declaration will typically include a description for the new element and information about its content model, its attributes, etc., as further described in 23. Documentation Elements.

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TEI: Renaming of Elements⚓︎24.3.1.6. Renaming of Elements

Every element and other named markup construct in the TEI schema has a canonical name, usually composed of English language words or syllables: this name is supplied as the value of the ident attribute on the elementSpec, attDef, classSpec, or macroSpec used to define it. In some circumstances, it may be convenient for the element or attribute declaration used within a schema generated from that specification to take a different form, for example, permitting schemas to use generic identifiers from a different language, or in an abbreviated form. There may be many alternative identifiers for the same markup construct, and an ODD processor may choose which of them to use for a given purpose. Each such alternative name is supplied by means of an altIdent element within the specification element concerned.

For example, the following declaration converts note to <nt>:

<elementSpec ident="note" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <altIdent>nt</altIdent>
</elementSpec>

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Note that the mode attribute on the elementSpec now takes the value change to indicate that those parts of the element specification not supplied are to be inherited from the standard definition. The content of the altIdent element is now available for use in place of the canonical ident value in the schema generated.

Renaming in this way is is an inherently unclean modification (because the set of documents matched by the resulting schema is not contained by the set matched by TEI-All), even though the process of converting any document in which elements have been renamed into an exactly equivalent document using canonical names is completely deterministic. Documents using such a schema should not claim to be in the TEI namespace, but either use a null namespace or some user-defined namespace, as further discussed in 24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces; this is necessary to avoid the risk of name collision between the new name and all existing TEI names as well as for reasons of conformance (see further 24.3. Customization).

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TEI: Modification and Namespaces⚓︎24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

All the elements defined by the TEI schema are labelled as belonging to a single namespace, maintained by the TEI and with the URI http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0.¹⁰³ Only elements which are unmodified or which have undergone a clean modification may use this namespace. Note however that TEI-defined attributes are not associated with any namespace.

This implies that any other modification must either specify a different namespace or, equivalently, specify no namespace at all. The ns attribute is provided on elements schemaSpec, elementSpec, and attDef for this purpose.

Suppose, for example, that we wish to add a new attribute topic to the existing TEI element p. In the absence of namespace considerations, this would be an unclean modification, since p does not currently have such an attribute. The most appropriate action is to explicitly attach the new attribute to a new namespace by a declaration such as the following:

<elementSpec ident="p" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="topic" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates the topic of a TEI paragraph</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

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Document instances using a schema derived from this ODD can now indicate clearly the status of this attribute:

<div
   xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
<!-- ... -->
 <p n="12" my:topic="rabbits">Flopsy, Mopsy, Cottontail, and Peter...</p>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

Since topic is explicitly labelled as belonging to something other than the TEI namespace, we regard the modification which introduced it as clean. A namespace-aware processor will be able to validate those elements in the TEI namespace against the unmodified schema.¹⁰⁴

Similar considerations apply when modification is made to the content model or some other aspect of an element, or when a new element is declared. All such changes should be explicitly labelled as belonging to some non-TEI namespace or to no namespace at all.

If the ns attribute is supplied on a schemaSpec element, it identifies the namespace applicable to all components of the schema being specified. Even if such a schema includes unmodified modules from the TEI namespace, the elements contained by such modules will now be regarded as belonging to the namespace specified on the schemaSpec. This can be useful if it is desired simply to avoid namespace processing. For example, the following schema specification results in a schema called noName which has no namespace, even though it comprises declarations from the TEI header module:

<schemaSpec ns="" ident="noName">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

In addition to the TEI canonical namespace mentioned above, the TEI may also define namespaces for approved translations of the TEI schema into other languages. The namespace for such translations is the same as that for the canonical namespace, suffixed by the appropriate ISO language identifier (vi.1. Language Identification). A schema specification using the Chinese translation, for example, would use the namespace http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0/zh

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TEI: Documenting the Modification⚓︎24.3.3. Documenting the Modification

The elements used to define a TEI customization (schemaSpec, moduleRef, elementSpec, etc.) will typically be used within a TEI document which supplies further information about the intended use of the new schema, the meaning and application of any new or modified elements within it, and so on. This document will typically conform to a schema which includes components from the module described in chapter 23. Documentation Elements.¹⁰⁵

Where the customization to be documented simply consists in a selection of TEI modules, perhaps with some deletion of unwanted elements or attributes, the documentation need not specify anything further. Even here however it may be considered worthwhile to replace some of the semantic information provided by the unmodified TEI specification. For example, the desc element of an unmodified TEI elementSpec may describe an element in terms more general than appropriate to a particular project, or the exemplum elements within it may not illustrate the project's actual intended usage of the element, or the remarks element may contain discussions of matters irrelevant to the project. These elements may therefore be replaced or deleted within an elementSpec as necessary.

Radical revision is also possible. It is feasible to produce a modification in which the teiHeader or text elements are not required, or in which any other rule stated in these Guidelines is either not enforced or not enforceable. In fact, the mechanism, if used in an extreme way, permits replacement of all that the TEI has to say about every component of its schema. Such revisions would result in documents that are not TEI-conformant in even the broadest sense, and it is not intended that encoders use the mechanism in this way. We discuss exactly what is meant by the concept of TEI conformance in the next section, 24.4. Conformance.

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TEI: Examples of Modification ⚓︎24.3.4. Examples of Modification

Several examples of customizations of the TEI are provided as part of the standard release. They include the following:

tei_bare

The schema generated from this customization is the minimum needed for TEI Conformance. It provides only a handful of elements.

tei_all

The schema generated from this customization combines all available TEI modules, providing 588 elements.

tei_allPlus

The schema generated from this customization combines all available TEI modules with three other non-TEI vocabularies, specifically MathML, SVG, and XInclude.

It is unlikely that any project would wish to use any of these extremes unchanged. However, they form a useful starting point for customization, whether by removing modules from tei_all or tei_allPlus, or by replacing elements deleted from tei_bare. They also demonstrate how an ODD document may be constructed to provide a basic reference manual to accompany schemas generated from it.

Shortly after publication of the first edition of these Guidelines, as a demonstration of how the TEI encoding schema might be adopted to meet 90% of the needs of 90% of the TEI user community, the TEI editors produced a brief tutorial defining one specific ‘clean’ modification of the TEI schema, which they called TEI Lite. This tutorial and its associated DTD became very popular and are still available from the TEI web site at http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/Customization/Lite/. The tutorial and associated schema specification is also included as one of the exemplars provided with TEI P5.

An updated and expanded version of this schema known as TEI simplePrint was added to the Exemplars at release 3.1.0. The elements it defines have been modified to take advantage of the ‘processing model’ features (see further 23.5.4. Processing Models) introduced to the Guidelines at release 3.0.0.

The exemplars provided with TEI P5 also include a customization file from which a schema for the validation of other customization files may be generated. This ODD, called tei_odds, combines the four basic modules with the tagdocs, dictionaries, gaiji, linking, and figures modules and also provides facilities for including RELAX NG or Schematron code within a document.

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TEI: Conformance⚓︎24.4. Conformance

The notion of TEI Conformance is intended to assist in the description of the format and contents of a particular XML document instance or set of documents. It may be found useful in such situations as:

interchange or integration of documents amongst different researchers or users;

software specifications for TEI-aware processing tools;

agreements for the deposit of texts in, and distribution of texts from, archives;

specifying the form of documents to be produced by or for a given project.

It is not intended to provide any other evaluation, for example of scholarly merit, intellectual integrity, or value for money. A document may be of major intellectual importance and yet not be TEI-conformant; a TEI-conformant document may be of no scholarly value whatsoever.

In this section we explore several aspects of conformance, and in particular attempt to define how the term TEI-conformant should be used. The terminology defined here should be considered normative: users and implementors of the TEI Guidelines should use the phrases ‘TEI-conformant’ and ‘TEI Extension’ only in the senses given and with the usages described.

A document is TEI-conformant if it:

is a well-formed XML document (24.4.1. Well-formedness Criterion)

can be validated against a TEI Schema, that is, a schema derived from the TEI Guidelines (24.4.2. Validation Constraint)

conforms to the TEI Abstract Model (24.4.3. Conformance to the TEI Abstract Model)

uses the TEI namespace (and other namespaces where relevant) correctly (24.4.4. Use of the TEI Namespace)

is documented by means of a TEI-conformant ODD file (24.4.5. Documentation Constraint) which refers to the TEI Guidelines

Each of these criteria is discussed in more detail below.

A document is said to use a TEI Extension if it is a well-formed XML document which is valid against a TEI Schema which contains additional distinctions, representing concepts not present in the TEI Abstract Model, and therefore not documented in these Guidelines. Such a document cannot necessarily be transformed automatically to a TEI-conformant document without loss of information. However, since one of the goals of the TEI is to support extensions and modifications, it should not be assumed that no TEI document can include extensions: an extension which is expressed by means of the recommended mechanisms is also a TEI-conformant document provided that those parts of it which are not extensions are TEI-conformant.

A TEI-conformant document is said to follow TEI Recommended Practice if, wherever these Guidelines prefer one encoding practice to another, the preferred practice is used.

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TEI: Well-formedness Criterion⚓︎24.4.1. Well-formedness Criterion

These Guidelines mandate the use of well-formed XML as representation format. Documents must conform to the World Wide Web Consortium recommendation of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition) or successor editions found at https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/. Other ways of representing the concepts of the TEI Abstract Model are possible, and other representations may be considered appropriate for use in particular situations (for example, for data capture, or project-internal processing). But such alternative representations should not be considered in any way TEI-conformant.

Previous versions of these Guidelines used SGML as a representation format. With the release of P5, the only representation format supported by these Guidelines became valid XML; legacy documents in SGML format should therefore be converted using appropriate software.

A TEI-conformant document must use the TEI namespace, and therefore must also include an XML-conformant namespace declaration, as defined below (24.4.4. Use of the TEI Namespace).

The use of XML greatly reduces the need to consider hardware or software differences between processing environments when exchanging data. No special packing or interchange format is required for an XML document, beyond that defined by the W3C recommendations, and no special ‘interchange’ format is therefore proposed by these Guidelines. For discussion of encoding issues that may arise in the processing of special character sets or non-standard writing systems, see further chapter vi. Languages and Character Sets.

In addition to the well-formedness criterion, the W3C defines the notion of a valid document, as being a well-formed document which matches a specific set of rules or syntactic constraints, defined by a schema. As noted above, TEI conformance implies that the schema used to determine validity of a given document should be derived from the present Guidelines, by means of an ODD which references and documents components which these Guidelines define.

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TEI: Validation Constraint⚓︎24.4.2. Validation Constraint

All TEI-conformant documents must validate against a schema file that has been derived from the published TEI Guidelines, combined and documented in the manner described in section 24.3. Customization. We call the formal output of this process a TEI Schema.

The TEI does not mandate use of any particular schema language, only that this schema¹⁰⁶ should have been generated from a TEI ODD file that references the TEI Guidelines. Currently available tools permit the expression of schemas in any or all of the XML DTD language, W3C XML Schema, and RELAX NG (both compact and XML formats). Some of what is syntactically possible using the ODD formalism cannot be represented by all schema languages; and there are some features of some schema languages which have no counterpart in ODD. No single schema language fully captures all the constraints implied by conformance to the TEI Abstract Model. A document which is valid according to a TEI schema represented using one schema language may not be valid against the same schema expressed in other languages; for example, the DTD language does not support namespaces.

As noted in section 24.3. Customization, many varieties of TEI schema are possible and not all of them are necessarily TEI-conformant; derivation from an ODD is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for TEI Conformance.

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TEI: Conformance to the TEI Abstract Model⚓︎24.4.3. Conformance to the TEI Abstract Model

The TEI Abstract Model is the conceptual schema instantiated by the TEI Guidelines. These Guidelines define, both formally and informally, a set of abstract concepts such as ‘paragraph’ or ‘heading’, and their structural relationships, for example stating that ‘paragraph’s do not contain ‘heading’s. These Guidelines also define classes of elements, which have both semantic and structural properties in common. Those semantic and structural properties are also a part of the TEI Abstract Model; the class membership of an existing TEI element cannot therefore be changed without changing the model. Elements can however be removed from a class by deletion, and new non-TEI elements within their own namespaces can be added to existing TEI classes.

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TEI: Semantic Constraints⚓︎24.4.3.1. Semantic Constraints

It is an important condition of TEI conformance that elements defined in the TEI Guidelines as having one specific meaning should not be used with another. For example, the element l is defined in the TEI Guidelines as containing a line of verse. A schema in which it is redefined to mean a typographic line, or an ordered queue of objects of some kind, cannot therefore be TEI-conformant, whatever its other properties.

The semantics of elements defined in the TEI Guidelines are conveyed in a number of ways, ranging from formally verifiable datatypes to informal descriptive prose. In addition, a mapping between TEI elements and concepts in other conceptual models may be provided by the equiv element where this is available.

A schema which shares equivalent concepts to those of the TEI conceptual model may be mappable to the TEI Schema by means of such a mechanism. For example, the concept of paragraph expressed in the TEI schema by the p element is probably the same concept as that expressed in the DocBook schema by the <para> element. Such areas of overlap facilitate interchange because elements from one namespace may be readily integrated with those from another, but do not affect the definition of conformance.

A document is said to conform to the TEI Abstract Model if features for which an encoding is proposed by the TEI Guidelines are encoded within it using the markup and other syntactic properties defined by means of a valid TEI-conformant schema. Hence, even though the names of elements or attributes may vary, a TEI-conformant document must respect the TEI Semantic Model, and be valid with respect to a TEI-conformant Schema. Although it may be possible to transform a document which follows the TEI Abstract Model into a TEI-conformant document, such a document is not itself conformant.

As noted above, the notion of semantic conformance cannot be completely enforced in a formal way. The TEI conceptual model is expressed by means of formal specification in a customization file, by means of descriptive prose in the body of these Guidelines, and implicitly by examples of usage. Any inconsistency between, for example, the text of these Guidelines and a part of a specification should be considered an error and reported to the TEI Council for correction.

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TEI: Mandatory Components of a TEI Document⚓︎24.4.3.2. Mandatory Components of a TEI Document

It is a long-standing requirement for any TEI-conformant document that it should contain a teiHeader element. To be more specific a TEI-conformant document must contain

a single teiHeader element followed by one or more elements from the model.resource class; or

in the case of a corpus or collection, a single overall teiHeader element followed by a series of TEI elements each with its own teiHeader

All teiHeader elements in a TEI-conformant document must include elements for:

Title Statement

This should include the title of the TEI document expressed using a titleStmt element.

Publication Statement

This should include the place and date of publication or distribution of the TEI document, expressed using the publicationStmt element.

Source Statement

For a document derived from some previously existing document, this must include a bibliographic description of that source. For a document not so derived, this must include a brief statement that the document has no pre-existing source. In either case, this will be expressed using the sourceDesc element.

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TEI: Use of the TEI Namespace⚓︎24.4.4. Use of the TEI Namespace

The Namespaces Recommendation of the W3C (Bray et al. (eds.) (2006)) provides a way for an XML document to combine markup from different vocabularies without risking name collision and consequent processing difficulties. While the scope of the TEI is large, there are many areas in which it makes no particular recommendation, or where it recommends that other defined markup schemas should be adopted, such as graphics or mathematics. It is also considered desirable that users of other markup schemas should be able to integrate documents using TEI markup with their own system. To meet these objectives without compromising the reliability of its encoding, a TEI-conformant document is required to make appropriate use of the TEI namespace.

Essentially all elements in a TEI Schema which represents concepts from the TEI Abstract Model belong to the TEI namespace, http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0, maintained by the TEI. A TEI-conformant document is required to declare the namespace for all the elements it contains whether these come from the TEI namespace or from other schemas.

A TEI Schema may be created which assigns TEI elements to some other namespace, or to no namespace at all. A document using such a schema cannot be considered TEI-conformant. A document which places non-TEI elements or attributes within the TEI namespace cannot be considered TEI-conformant; such practices are strongly deprecated as they may lead to serious difficulties for processing or interchange.

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TEI: Documentation Constraint⚓︎24.4.5. Documentation Constraint

As noted in 24.4.2. Validation Constraint above, a TEI Schema can only be generated from a TEI ODD, which also serves to document the semantics of the elements defined by it. A TEI-conformant document should therefore always be accompanied by (or refer to) a valid TEI ODD file specifying which modules, elements, classes, etc. are in use together with any modifications applied, and from which a TEI Schema can be generated to validate the document. The TEI supplies a number of predefined TEI Customization exemplar ODD files and the schemas already generated from them (see 24.3.4. Examples of Modification ), but most projects will typically need to customize the TEI beyond what these examples provide. It is assumed, for example, that most projects will customize the TEI schema by removing those elements that are not needed for the texts they are encoding, and by providing further constraints on the attribute values and element content models the TEI provides. All such customizations must be specified by means of a valid TEI ODD file.

As different sorts of customization have different implications for the interchange and interoperability of TEI documents, it cannot be assumed that every customization will necessarily result in a schema that validates only TEI-conformant documents. The ODD language permits modifications which conflict with the TEI Abstract Model, even though observing this model is a requirement for TEI Conformance. The ODD language can in fact be used to describe many kinds of markup schema, including schemas which have nothing to do with the TEI at all.

Equally, it is possible to construct a TEI Schema which is identical to that derived from a given TEI ODD file without using the ODD schema. A schema can constructed simply by combining the predefined schema language fragments corresponding with the required set of TEI modules and other statements in the relevant schema language. However, the status of such a schema with respect to the tei_all schema cannot in general be easily determined; it may therefore be impractical to determine whether such a schema represents a clean modification or an extension. This is one reason for making the presence of a TEI ODD file a requirement for conformance.

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TEI: Varieties of TEI Conformance⚓︎24.4.6. Varieties of TEI Conformance

The conformance status of a given document may be assessed by answering the following questions, in the order indicated:

Is it a valid XML document, for which a TEI Schema exists? If not, then the document cannot be considered TEI-conformant in any sense.

Is the document accompanied by a TEI-conformant ODD specification describing its markup schema and intended semantics? If not, then the document can only be considered TEI-conformant if it validates against a predefined TEI Schema and conforms to the TEI abstract model.

Does the markup in the document correctly represent the TEI abstract model? Though difficult to assess, this is essential to TEI conformance.

Does the document claim that all of its elements come from some namespace other than the TEI (or no namespace)? If so, the document cannot be TEI-conformant.

If the document claims to use the TEI namespace, in part or wholly, do the elements associated with that namespace in fact belong to it? If not, the document cannot be TEI-conformant; if so, and if all non-TEI elements and attributes are correctly associated with other namespaces, then the document may be TEI-conformant.

Is the document valid according to a schema made by combining all TEI modules as well as valid according to the schema derived from its associated ODD specification? If so, the document is TEI-conformant.

Is the document valid according to the schema derived from its associated ODD specification, but not according to tei_all? If so, the document uses a TEI extension.

Is it possible automatically to transform the document into a document which is valid according to tei_all, using only information supplied in the accompanying ODD and without loss of information? If so, the document is TEI-conformant.

In the following table, we examine more closely some specific, though imaginary, cases:

| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H
Conforms to TEI Abstract Model | Y | N | Y | Y | ? | Y | N | ?
Valid ODD present | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N
Uses only non-TEI namespace(s) or none | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N
Uses TEI and other namespaces correctly | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y
Document is valid as a subset of tei_all | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y
Document can be converted automatically to a form which is valid as a subset of tei_all | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | ?

We assume firstly that each sample document assessed here is a well-formed XML document, and that it is valid against some schema.

The document in column A is TEI-conformant. Its tagging follows the TEI Abstract Model, both as regards syntactic constraints (its l elements appear within div elements and not the reverse) and semantic constraints (its l elements appear to contain verse lines rather than typographic ones). It is accompanied by a valid ODD which documents exactly how it uses the TEI. All the TEI-defined elements and attributes in the document are placed in the TEI namespace. The schema against which it is valid is a ‘clean’ subset of the tei_all schema.

The document in column B is not a TEI document. Although it is accompanied by a valid TEI ODD, the resulting schema includes some ‘unclean’ modifications, and represents some concepts from the TEI Abstract Model using non-TEI elements; for example, it re-defines the content model of p to permit div within it, and it includes an element <pageTrimming> which appears to have the same meaning as the existing TEI fw element, but the equivalence is not made explicit in the ODD. It uses the TEI namespace correctly to identify the TEI elements it contains, but the ODD does not contain enough information automatically to convert its non-TEI elements into TEI equivalents.

The document in column C is TEI conformant. It is almost the same as the document in column A, except that the names of the elements used are not those specified for the TEI namespace. Because the ODD accompanying it contains an exact mapping for each element name (using the altIdent element) and there are no name conflicts, it is possible to make an automatic conversion of this document.

The document in column D is a TEI Extension. It combines elements from its own namespace with unmodified TEI elements in the TEI namespace. Its usage of TEI elements conforms to the TEI Abstract Model. Its ODD defines a new <blort> element which has no exact TEI equivalent, but which is assigned to an existing TEI class; consequently its schema is not a clean subset of tei_all. If the associated ODD provided a way of mapping this element to an existing TEI element, then this would be TEI-conformant.

The document in column E is superficially similar to document D, but because it does not use any namespace declarations (or, equivalently, it assigns unmodified TEI elements to its own namespace), it may contain name collisions; there is no way of knowing whether a p within it is the same as the TEI's p or has some other meaning. The accompanying ODD file may be used to provide the human reader with information about equivalently named elements in the TEI namespace, and hence to determine whether the document is valid with respect to the TEI Abstract Model but this is not an automatable process. In particular, cases of apparent conflict (for example use of an element p to represent a concept not in the TEI Abstract Model but in the abstract model of some other system, whose namespace has been removed as well) cannot be reliably resolved. By our current definition therefore, this is not a TEI document.

The document in column F is TEI-conformant. The difference between it and that in column D is that the new element <blort> which is used in this document is a specialization of an existing TEI element, and the ODD in which it is defined specifies the mapping (a <my:blort> may be automatically converted to a <tei:seg type="blort">, for example). For this to work, however, the <blort> must observe the same syntactic constraints as the seg; if it does not, this would also be a case of TEI Extension.

The document in column G is not a TEI document. Its structure is fully documented by a valid TEI ODD, but it does not claim to represent the TEI Abstract Model, does not use the TEI namespace, and is not intended to validate against any TEI schema.

The document in column H is very like that in column A, but it lacks an accompanying ODD. Instead, the schema used to validate it is produced simply by combining TEI schema fragments in the same way as an ODD processor would, given the ODD. If the resulting schema is a clean subset of tei_all, such a document is indistinguishable from a TEI-conformant one, but there is no way of determining (without inspection) whether this is the case if any modification or extension has been applied. Its status is therefore, like that of Text E, impossible to determine.

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TEI: Implementation of an ODD System⚓︎24.5. Implementation of an ODD System

This section specifies how a processing system may take advantage of the markup specification elements documented in chapter 23. Documentation Elements of these Guidelines in order to produce project specific user documentation, schemas in one or more schema languages, and validation tools for other processors.

The specifications in this section are illustrative but not normative. Its function is to further illustrate the intended scope and application of the elements documented in chapter 23. Documentation Elements, since it is believed that these may have application beyond the areas directly addressed by the TEI.

An ODD processing system has to accomplish two main tasks. A set of selections, deletions, changes, and additions supplied by an ODD customization (as described in 24.3. Customization) must first be merged with the published TEI P5 ODD specifications. Next, the resulting unified ODD must be processed to produce the desired outputs.

An ODD processor is not required to do these two stages in sequence, but that may well be the simplest approach; the ODD processing tools currently provided by the TEI Consortium, which are also used to process the source of these Guidelines, adopt this approach.

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TEI: Making a Unified ODD⚓︎24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

An ODD customization must contain a single schemaSpec element, which defines the schema to be constructed.

schemaSpec (schema specification) generates a TEI-conformant schema and documentation for it.

start | specifies entry points to the schema, i.e. which patterns may be used as the root of documents conforming to it.
prefix | specifies a default prefix which will be prepended to all patterns relating to TEI elements, unless otherwise stated.
targetLang | (target language) specifies which language to use when creating the objects in a schema if names for elements or attributes are available in more than one language.
docLang | (documentation language) specifies which languages to use when creating documentation if the description for an element, attribute, class or macro is available in more than one language.

Amongst other attributes inherited from the att.identified class, this element also carries a required ident attribute. This provides a name for the generated schema, which other components of the processing system may use to refer to the schema being generated, e.g. in issuing error messages or as part of the generated output schema file or files. The ns attribute may be used to specify the default namespace within which elements valid against the resulting schema belong, as discussed in 24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces.

The schemaSpec element contains an unordered series of specialized elements, each of which is of one of the following four types:

specifications

elements from the class model.oddDecl (by default elementSpec, classSpec, moduleSpec, and macroSpec); these must have a mode attribute which determines how they will be processed.¹⁰⁷ If the value of mode is add, then the object is simply copied to the output, but if it is change, delete, or replace, then it will be looked at by other parts of the process.

references to specifications

specGrpRef elements refer to specGrp elements that occur elsewhere in this, or another, document. A specGrp element, in turn, groups together a set of ODD specifications (among other things, including further specGrpRef elements). The use of specGrp and specGrpRef permits the ODD markup to occur at the points in documentation where they are discussed, rather than all inside schemaSpec. The target attribute of any specGrpRef should be followed, and the elementSpec, classSpec, and macroSpec, elements in the corresponding specGrp should be processed as described in the previous item; specGrpRef elements should be processed as described here.

references to TEI Modules

moduleRef elements with key attributes refer to components of the TEI. The value of the key attribute matches the ident attribute of the moduleSpec element defining a TEI module. The key must be dereferenced by some means, such as reading an XML file with the TEI ODD specification (either from the local hard drive or off the Web), or looking up the reference in an XML database (again, locally or remotely); whatever means is used, it should return a stream of XML containing the element, class, and macro specifications collected together in the specified module. These specification elements are then processed in the same way as if they had been supplied directly within the schemaSpec being processed.

references to external modules

a moduleRef element may also refer to a compatible external module by means of its url attribute; the content of such modules, which must be available in the RELAX NG XML syntax, are passed directly and without modification to the output schema when that is created.

Each object obtained from the TEI ODD specification using moduleRef by means of the key attribute must be checked against objects in the customization schemaSpec according to the following rules:

if there is an object in the ODD customization with the same value for the ident attribute, and a mode value of delete, then the object from the module is ignored;

if there is an object in the ODD customization with the same value for the ident attribute, and a mode value of replace, then the object from the module is ignored, and the one from the ODD customization is used in its place;

if there is an object in the ODD customization with the same value for the ident attribute, and a mode value of change, then the two objects must be merged, as described below;

if there is an object in the ODD customization with the same value for the ident attribute, and a mode value of add, then an error condition should be raised;

otherwise, the object from the module is copied to the result.

To merge two objects with the same ident, their component attributes and child elements must be looked at recursively. Each component may fall into one of the following four categories:

Some components may occur only once within the merged object (for example attributes, and altIdent, content, or classes elements). If such a component is found in the ODD customization, it will be copied to the output; if it is not found there, but is present in the TEI ODD specification, then that will be copied to the output.

Some components are grouping objects (attList, valList, for example); these are always copied to the output, and their children are then processed following the rules given in this list.

Some components are ‘identifiable’: this means that they are members of the att.identified class from which they inherit the ident attribute; examples include attDef and valItem. A component of this type will be processed according to its mode attribute, following the rules given above.

Some components may occur multiple times, but are neither grouped nor identifiable. Examples include the desc, exemplum, remarks, listRef, datatype and defaultVal elements, and the members of model.identSynonyms, i.e., the equiv, altIdent, and gloss, elements. These should be copied from both the TEI ODD specification and the ODD customization, and all occurrences included in the output.

A special problem arises with elements which are members of attribute classes, as they are permitted to override attributes inherited from a class. For example, consider this simple modification:

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

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The effect of its membership in the att.typed class is to provide p with a type attribute and a subtype attribute. If we wish p to not have subtype, we could extend the customization in our schema as follows:

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
<!-- ... -->
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="subtype" mode="delete"/>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

This means that when <memberOf key="att.typed"/> is processed, that class is looked up, each attribute which it defines is examined in turn, and the customization is searched for an override. If the modification is of the attribute class itself, work proceeds as usual; if, however, the modification is at the element level, the class reference is deleted and a series of attRef elements is added to the element, one for each attribute inherited from the class. Since attribute classes can themselves be members of other attribute classes, membership must be followed recursively.

The effect of the concatenation of unidentifiable components should be considered carefully. An original may have

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <desc>marks paragraphs in prose.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

which would usefully be extended with this:

<elementSpec ident="p" mode="change">
 <desc xml:lang="es">marca párrafos en prosa.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

to provide an alternate description in another language. Nothing prevents the user from supplying desc several times in the same language, and subsequent applications will have to decide what that may mean.

Similar considerations apply to multiple example elements, though these are less likely to cause problems in documentation. Note that existing examples can only be deleted by supplying a completely new elementSpec in replace mode, since the exemplum element is not identifiable.

In the processing of the content models of elements and the content of macros, deleted elements may require special attention.¹⁰⁸ A content model like this:

<elementSpec ident="person">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.personPart"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

requires no special treatment because everything is expressed in terms of model classes; if the class model.personPart is deleted explicitly, or removed because all of its members have been deleted, then model.global is left as the only child of the inner alternate. An ODD processor may or may not elect to simplify the resulting choice between nothing and model.global by removing the wrapper alternate element. However, such simplification may be considerably more complex in the general case and an ODD processor is therefore likely to be more successful in carrying out such simplification as a distinct stage during processing of ODD sources.

If an element refers directly to an element child, like this:

<elementSpec ident="figure">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <elementRef key="figure"/>
   <elementRef key="figDesc"/>
   <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

and figDesc has been deleted,¹⁰⁹ it will be necessary to remove that reference, or the resulting schema will be invalid.

The result of the work carried out should be a new schemaSpec which contains a complete and internally consistent set of element, class, and macro specifications, possibly also including moduleRef elements with url attributes identifying external modules.

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TEI: Generating Schemas⚓︎24.5.2. Generating Schemas

Assuming that any modifications have been resolved, as outlined in the previous section, making a schema is now a four stage process:

all datatype and other macro specifications must be collected together and declared at the start of the output schema;

all classes must be declared in the right order (order is significant because since some classes reference others);

all elements are declared;

any moduleRef elements with a url attribute identifying an external schema must be processed.

Working in this order gives the best chance of successfully supporting all the schema languages. However, there are a number of obstacles to overcome along the way.

An ODD processor may choose to use any desired schema language or languages for its schema output, since ODD specifications are expressed as far as possible in a form independent of any schema language. The current TEI ODD processing system produces schema output in the three main schema languages as follows:

A RELAX NG (XML) schema is generated by converting content models, datatypes, and macro specifications provided within the ODD specification; a version re-expressed in the RELAX NG compact syntax is generated using James Clark's trang application.

A DTD schema is generated by converting the RELAX NG content models to DTD language, often simplifying it to allow for the less-sophisticated output language.

A W3C Schema schema is created by generating a RELAX NG schema and then using James Clark's trang application.

Note that the method used to generate W3C Schema means that a processor must ensure that the RELAX NG it generates follows the subset which trang is able to translate properly (see further below)—this may involve simple trial and error.

Other projects may decide to follow a different route, perhaps implementing a direct ODD to W3C Schema translator.

Secondly, it is possible to create two rather different styles of schema. On the one hand, the schema can try to maintain all the flexibility of ODD by using the facilities of the schema language for parameterization; on the other, it can remove all customization features and produce a flat result which is not suitable for further manipulation. The TEI project currently generates both styles of schema; the first as a set of schema fragments in DTD and RELAX NG languages, which can be included as modules in other schemas, and customized further; the second as the output from a processor such as Roma, in which many of the parameterization features have been removed.

The difference between the schema styles may be illustrated by considering this ODD specification:

<elementSpec module="drama"
 ident="performance">
<!-- ... -->
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.frontPart.drama"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.common"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

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A simple rendering to RELAX NG produces this:

performance =
 element performance {
  (model.divTop | model.global)*,
  (model.common, model.global*)+,
  (model.divBottom, model.global*)*
  att.global.attribute.xmlspace,
  att.global.attribute.xmlid,
  att.global.attribute.n,
  att.global.attribute.xmllang,
  att.global.attribute.rend,
  att.global.attribute.xmlbase,
  att.global.linking.attribute.corresp,
  att.global.linking.attribute.synch,
  att.global.linking.attribute.sameAs,
  att.global.linking.attribute.copyOf,
  att.global.linking.attribute.next,
  att.global.linking.attribute.prev,
  att.global.linking.attribute.exclude,
  att.global.linking.attribute.select
}⚓

In the above, a subsequent redefinition of the attribute class (such as att.global) would have no effect, since references to such classes have been expanded to reference their constituent attributes.

The equivalent parameterized version might look like this:

performance =
  element performance { performance.content, performance.attributes }
performance.content =
  (model.divTop | model.global)*,
  (model.common, model.global*)+,
  (model.divBottom, model.global*)*
performance.attributes = att.global.attributes, empty⚓

Here, the attribute class att.global is provided via an explicit reference (att.global.attributes), and can therefore be redefined. Moreover, the attributes are separated from the content model, allowing either to be overridden.

In the remainder of these section, the terms simple schema and parameterized schema are used to distinguish the two schema types. An ODD processor is not required to support both, though the simple schema output is generally preferable for most applications.

Thirdly, the problem of missing components must be resolved. For example, consider this (fictitious) model for sp:

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
    <elementRef key="speaker"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

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This proposes anything from the class model.global, followed optionally by a speaker element followed by anything from the model.global class. What happens if speaker is removed from the schema? The following would result:

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

which is illegal in DTD and W3C schema languages, since for a given member of model.global it is impossible to be sure which rule is being used. This situation is not detected when RELAX NG is used, since the language is able to cope with non-deterministic content models of this kind and does not require that only a single rule be used.

Finally, an application will need to have some method of associating the schema with document instances that use it. The TEI does not mandate any particular method of doing this, since different schema languages and processors vary considerably in their requirements. ODD processors may wish to build in support for some of the methods for associating a document instance with a schema. The TEI does not mandate any particular method, but does suggest that those which are already part of XML (the DOCTYPE declaration for DTDs) and W3C Schema (the xsi:schemaLocation attribute) be supported where possible.

In order for the xsi:schemaLocation attribute to be valid when a document is validated against either a DTD or a RELAX NG schema, ODD processors may wish to add declarations for this attribute and its namespace to the root element, even though these are not part of the TEI per se. For DTDs this means adding

xsi:schemaLocation CDATA #IMPLIED xmlns:xsi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance'⚓

to the list of attributes on the root element, which permits the non-namespace-aware DTD language to recognize the xsi:schemaLocation notation. For RELAX NG, the namespace and attribute would be declared in the usual way:

namespace xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"⚓

and

attribute xsi:schemaLocation { list { teidata.namespace, teidata.pointer }+ }⚓

inside the root element declaration.

Note that declaration of the xsi:schemaLocation attribute in a W3C Schema schema is not permitted. Therefore, if W3C Schemas are being generated by converting the RELAX NG schema (for example, with trang), it may be necessary to perform that conversion prior to adding the xsi:schemaLocation declaration to the RELAX NG.

It is recognized that this is an unsatisfactory solution, but it permits users to take advantage of the W3C Schema facility for indicating a schema, while still permitting documents to be validated using DTD and RELAX NG processors without any conflict.

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TEI: Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas⚓︎24.5.3. Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas

When processing class, element, or macro specifications, there are three general rules:

If a RELAX NG pattern or DTD parameter entity is being created, its name is the value of the corresponding ident attribute, prefixed by the value of any prefix attribute on schemaSpec. This allows for elements from an external schema to be mixed in without risk of name clashes, since all TEI elements can be given a distinctive prefix such as tei_. Thus

<schemaSpec ident="test" prefix="tei_">
 <elementSpec ident="sp">
<!--...-->
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

may generate a RELAX NG (compact syntax) pattern like this:

tei_sp = element sp { ... }⚓

References to these patterns (or, in DTDs, parameter entities) also need to be prefixed with the same value.

If an element or attribute is being created, its default name is the value of the ident attribute, but if there is an altIdent child, its content is used instead.

Where appropriate, the documentation strings in gloss and desc should be copied into the generated schema. If there is only one occurrence of either of these elements, it should be used regardless, but if there are several, local processing rules will need to be applied. For example, if there are several with different values of xml:lang, a locale indication in the processing environment might be used to decide which to use. For example,

<elementSpec module="core" ident="head">
 <equiv/>
 <gloss>heading</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="fr">en-tête</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="es">encabezamiento</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="it">titolo</gloss>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

might generate a RELAX NG schema fragment like the following, if the locale is determined to be French:

head =
  ## en-tête
  element head { head.content, head.attributes }⚓

Alternatively, a selection might be made on the basis of the value of the version attribute which these elements carry as members of the att.translatable class.

In addition, there are three conventions about naming patterns relating to classes; ODD processors need not follow them, but those reading the schemas generated by the TEI project will find it necessary to understand them:

when a pattern for an attribute class is created, it is named after the attribute class identifier (as above) suffixed by .attributes (e.g. att.editLike.attributes);

when a pattern for an attribute is created, it is named after the attribute class identifier (as above) suffixed by .attribute. and then the identifier of the attribute (e.g. att.editLike.attribute.resp);

when a parameterized schema is created, each element generates patterns for its attributes and its contents separately, suffixing respectively .attributes and .contents to the element name.

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TEI: Making a RELAX NG Schema⚓︎24.5.4. Making a RELAX NG Schema

To create a RELAX NG schema, the processor processes every macroSpec, classSpec, and elementSpec in turn, creating a RELAX NG pattern for each, using the naming conventions listed above. The order of declaration is not important, and a processor may well sort them into alphabetical order of identifier.

A complete RELAX NG schema must have an <rng:start> element defining which elements can occur as the root of a document. The ODD schemaSpec has an optional start attribute, containing one or more patterns, which can be used to construct the <rng:start>. A pattern normally corresponds to an element name, but if a prefix (see above, 24.5.3. Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas) is supplied for an element, the pattern consists of the prefix name with the element name.

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TEI: Macros⚓︎24.5.4.1. Macros

An ODD macro generates a corresponding RELAX NG pattern by processing the body of the content element in the same way as elsewhere. Thus

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

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produces the following

<rng:define name="macro.phraseSeq">
 <rng:zeroOrMore>
  <rng:choice>
   <rng:text/>
   <rng:ref name="model.gLike"/>
   <rng:ref name="model.phrase"/>
   <rng:ref name="model.global"/>
  </rng:choice>
 </rng:zeroOrMore>
</rng:define>

bibliography ⚓︎

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TEI: Classes⚓︎24.5.4.2. Classes

An ODD model class always generates a RELAX NG pattern definition listing all the members of the class in alternation. For example

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.measureLike">
<!-- ... -->
</classSpec>

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will produce something like the following:

<rng:define name="model.measureLike">
 <rng:choice>
  <rng:ref name="num"/>
  <rng:ref name="measure"/>
  <rng:ref name="measureGrp"/>
 </rng:choice>
</rng:define>

bibliography ⚓︎

assuming that the elements num, measure, and measureGrp are all defined in the schema concerned as members of that class. A model declaration may also generate a number of other patterns corresponding with sequences or alternations of the class members:

<rng:define name="model.measureLike_sequence">
 <rng:ref name="num"/>
 <rng:ref name="measure"/>
 <rng:ref name="measureGrp"/>
</rng:define>
<rng:define name="model.measureLike_sequenceOptional">
 <rng:optional>
  <rng:ref name="num"/>
 </rng:optional>
 <rng:optional>
  <rng:ref name="measure"/>
 </rng:optional>
 <rng:optional>
  <rng:ref name="measureGrp"/>
 </rng:optional>
</rng:define>
<rng:define name="model.measureLike_sequenceOptionalRepeatable">
 <rng:zeroOrMore>
  <rng:ref name="num"/>
 </rng:zeroOrMore>
 <rng:zeroOrMore>
  <rng:ref name="measure"/>
 </rng:zeroOrMore>
 <rng:zeroOrMore>
  <rng:ref name="measureGrp"/>
 </rng:zeroOrMore>
</rng:define>
<rng:define name="model.measureLike_sequenceRepeatable">
 <rng:oneOrMore>
  <rng:ref name="num"/>
 </rng:oneOrMore>
 <rng:oneOrMore>
  <rng:ref name="measure"/>
 </rng:oneOrMore>
 <rng:oneOrMore>
  <rng:ref name="measureGrp"/>
 </rng:oneOrMore>
</rng:define>

bibliography ⚓︎

where the pattern name is created by appending an underscore and the name of the generation type to the class name.

When classes are referenced using the classRef element, it is possible to indicate which of the available patterns is required by means of the expand attribute.

Attribute classes work by producing a pattern containing definitions of the appropriate attributes. So

<classSpec module="verse" type="atts"
 ident="att.enjamb">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="enjamb" usage="opt">
   <equiv/>
   <desc>indicates whether the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="open">
    <valItem ident="no">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is end-stopped </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="yes">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line in question runs on into the next </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="weak">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is weakly enjambed </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="strong">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is strongly enjambed</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

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produces

<rng:define name="att.enjamb.attributes">
 <rng:ref name="att.enjamb.attribute.enjamb"/>
 <rng:empty/>
</rng:define>
<rng:define name="att.enjamb.attribute.enjamb">
 <rng:optional>
  <rng:attribute name="enjamb">
   <rng:ref name="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </rng:attribute>
 </rng:optional>
</rng:define>

bibliography ⚓︎

Since the processor may have expanded the attribute classes already, separate patterns are generated for each attribute in the class as well as one for the class itself. This allows an element to refer directly to a member of a class. Notice that the desc element is used to add an <a:documentation> element to the schema, which some editors use to provide help during composition. The desc elements in the valList are used to create the human-readable sentence ‘Sample values include: 1] no; 2] yes; 3] weak; 4] strong’ Naturally, this behaviour is not mandatory; and other ODD processors may create documentation in other ways, or ignore those parts of the ODD specifications when creating schemas.

An individual attribute consists of an <rng:attribute> with a name attribute derived according to the naming rules described above (24.5.3. Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas). In addition, the ODD model supports a defaultVal, which is transformed to a defaultValue attribute in the namespace http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0 on the <rng:attribute>. The body of the attribute is taken from the datatype child, unless there is a supporting valList with a type value of closed. In that case an <rng:choice> is created, listing the allowed values. Thus the following attribute definition

<attDef ident="full" usage="opt">
 <defaultVal>yes</defaultVal>
 <valList type="closed">
  <valItem ident="yes">
   <desc>the name component is spelled out in full.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="abb">
   <gloss>abbreviated</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is given in an abbreviated form.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="init">
   <gloss>initial letter</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is indicated only by one initial.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

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may generate this RELAX NG code:

<rng:define name="att.full">
 <rng:optional>
  <rng:attribute name="full"
   a:defaultValue="yes">
   <rng:choice>
    <rng:value>yes</rng:value>
    <rng:value>abb</rng:value>
    <rng:value>init</rng:value>
   </rng:choice>
  </rng:attribute>
 </rng:optional>
</rng:define>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note the use of the http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0 namespace to provide default values and documentation.

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TEI: Elements⚓︎24.5.4.3. Elements

An elementSpec produces a RELAX NG specification in two parts; firstly, it must generate an <rng:define> pattern by which other elements can refer to it, and then it must generate an <rng:element> with the content model and attributes. It may be convenient to make two separate patterns, one for the element's attributes and one for its content model.

The content model is created by processing the TEI declarations found within the content element; ; the attributes are processed in the same way as those from attribute classes, described above.

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TEI: Making a DTD⚓︎24.5.5. Making a DTD

Generation of DTDs largely follows the same pattern as RELAX NG generation, with one important exception—the order of declaration matters. A DTD may not refer to an entity which has not yet been declared. Since both macros and classes generate DTD parameter entities, the TEI Guidelines are constructed so that they can be declared in the right order. A processor must therefore work in the following order:

declare all model classes which have a predeclare value of true

declare all macros which have a predeclare value of true

declare all other classes

declare the modules (if DTD fragments are being constructed)

declare any remaining macros

declare the elements and their attributes

Let us consider a complete example, a simple element with no attributes of its own:

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="faith">
 <desc>specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.persStateLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.editLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.datable"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

If DTD fragments are being generated (for use as described in 24.5.7. Using TEI Parameterized Schema Fragments), this will result in the following:

<!ENTITY % faith 'INCLUDE' >
<![ %faith; [

<!--doc:specifies the faith,  religion, or belief set of a person. -->
<!ELEMENT %n.faith; %om.RR; %macro.phraseSeq;>
<!ATTLIST %n.faith; xmlns CDATA "http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<!ATTLIST %n.faith;
 %att.global.attributes;
 %att.editLike.attributes;
 %att.datable.attributes; >
]]>⚓

Here the whole stanza is contained in a marked section (for use as described in 24.5.7.2. Inclusion and Exclusion of Elements), the element name is parameterized (see 24.5.7.3. Changing the Names of Generic Identifiers), and the class attributes are entity references derived from the memberOf records in classes. Note the additional attribute which provides a default xmlns declaration for the element; the effect of this is that if the document is processed by a DTD-aware XML processor, the namespace declaration will be present automatically without the document author even being aware of it.

A simpler rendition for a flattened DTD generated from a customization will result in the following, with no containing marked section, and no parameterized name:

<!ELEMENT faith %macro.phraseSeq;>
<!ATTLIST faith xmlns CDATA "http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<!ATTLIST faith
 %att.global.attribute.xmlspace;
 %att.global.attribute.xmlid;
 %att.global.attribute.n;
 %att.global.attribute.xmllang;
 %att.global.attribute.rend;
 %att.global.attribute.xmlbase;
 %att.global.linking.attribute.corresp;
 %att.global.linking.attribute.synch;
 %att.global.linking.attribute.sameAs;
 %att.global.linking.attribute.copyOf;
 %att.global.linking.attribute.next;
 %att.global.linking.attribute.prev;
 %att.global.linking.attribute.exclude;
 %att.global.linking.attribute.select;
 %att.editLike.attribute.cert;
 %att.editLike.attribute.resp;
 %att.editLike.attribute.evidence;
 %att.datable.w3c.attribute.period;
 %att.datable.w3c.attribute.when;
 %att.datable.w3c.attribute.notBefore;
 %att.datable.w3c.attribute.notAfter;
 %att.datable.w3c.attribute.from;
 %att.datable.w3c.attribute.to;>⚓

Here the attributes from classes have been expanded into individual entity references.

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TEI: Generating Documentation⚓︎24.5.6. Generating Documentation

In Donald Knuth's literate programming terminology (Knuth (1992)), the previous sections have dealt with the tangle process; to generate documentation, we now turn to the weave process.

An ODD customization may consist largely of general documentation and examples, requiring no ODD-specific processing. It will normally however also contain a schemaSpec element and possibly some specGrp fragments.

The generated documentation may be of two forms. On the one hand, we may document the customization itself, that is, only those elements (etc.) which differ in their specification from that provided by the TEI reference documentation. Alternatively, we may generate reference documentation for the complete subset of the TEI which results from applying the customization. The TEI Roma tools take the latter approach, and operate on the result of the first stage processing described in 24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD.

Generating reference documentation for elementSpec, classSpec, and macroSpec elements is largely dependent on the design of the preferred output. Some applications may, for example, want to turn all names of objects into hyperlinks, show lists of class members, or present lists of attributes as tables, lists, or inline prose. Another technique implemented in these Guidelines is to show lists of potential ‘parents’ for each element, by tracing which other elements have them as possible members of their content models.

One model of display on a web page is shown in Figure 35, Example reference documentation for faith, corresponding to the faith element shown in section 24.5.5. Making a DTD.

Figure 35. Example reference documentation for <faith>

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TEI: Using TEI Parameterized Schema Fragments⚓︎24.5.7. Using TEI Parameterized Schema Fragments

The TEI parameterized DTD and RELAX NG fragments make use of parameter entities and patterns for several purposes. In this section we describe their interface for the user. In general we recommend use of ODD instead of this technique, which has been retained only for compatability reasons.

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TEI: Selection of Modules⚓︎24.5.7.1. Selection of Modules

Special-purpose parameter entities are used to specify which modules are to be combined into a TEI DTD. They take the form TEI.xxxxx where xxxx is the name of the module as given in table Table 2 in 1.1. TEI Modules. For example, the parameter entity TEI.linking is used to define whether or not to include the module linking. All such parameter entities are declared by default with the value IGNORE: to select a module, therefore, the encoder declares the appropriate parameter entities with the value INCLUDE.

For XML DTD fragments, note that some modules generate two DTD fragments: for example the analysis module generates fragments called analysis-decl and analysis. This is because the declarations they contain are needed at different points in the creation of an XML DTD.

The parameter entity named for the module is used as the keyword controlling a conditional marked section in the DTD fragment generated by the tei module. The declarations for each DTD fragment constituting the module are contained within such marked sections. For example, the parameter entity TEI.linking appears twice in tei.dtd, once for the linking-decl schema fragment:

<!ENTITY % TEI.linking 'IGNORE' >
<![%TEI.linking;[
<!ENTITY % file.linking-decl PUBLIC '-//TEI P5//ENTITIES Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment//EN' 'linking-decl.dtd' >
%file.linking-decl;
]] >⚓

and once for the linking schema fragment:

<![%TEI.linking;[
<!ENTITY % file.linking PUBLIC '-//TEI P5//ELEMENTS Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment//EN' 'linking.dtd' >
%file.linking;]] >⚓

If TEI.linking has its default value of IGNORE, neither declaration has any effect. If however it has the value INCLUDE, then the content of each marked section is acted upon: the parameter entities file.linking and file.linking-decl are referenced, which has the effect of embedding the content of the files they represent at the appropriate point in the DTD.

The RELAX NG schema fragments can be combined in a wrapper schema using the standard mechanism of <rng:include> in that language.

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TEI: Inclusion and Exclusion of Elements⚓︎24.5.7.2. Inclusion and Exclusion of Elements

The TEI DTD fragments also use marked sections and parameter entity references to allow users to exclude the definitions of individual elements, in order either to make the elements illegal in a document or to allow the element to be redefined. The parameter entities used for this purpose have exactly the same name as the generic identifier of the element concerned. The default definition for these parameter entities is INCLUDE but they may be changed to IGNORE in order to exclude the standard element and attribute definition list declarations from the DTD.

The declarations for the element p, for example, are preceded by a definition for a parameter entity with the name p and contained within a marked section whose keyword is given as %p;:

<!ENTITY % p 'INCLUDE' >
<![ %p; [
       <!-- element and attribute list declaration for p here -->
]]⚓

These parameter entities are defined immediately preceding the element whose declarations they control; because their names are completely regular, they are not documented further.

To define a DTD in which the element p is excluded therefore, the entity p needs to be redefined as IGNORE by ensuring that a declaration such as

<!ENTITY % p 'IGNORE' >⚓

is added earlier in the DTD than the default (see further 24.5.7.4. Embedding Local Modifications (DTD only)).

Similarly, in the parameterized RELAX NG schemas, every element is defined by a pattern named after the element. To undefine an element therefore all that is necessary is to add a declaration like the following:

 p = notAllowed ⚓

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TEI: Changing the Names of Generic Identifiers⚓︎24.5.7.3. Changing the Names of Generic Identifiers

In the TEI DTD fragments, elements are not referred to directly by their generic identifiers; instead, the DTD fragments refer to parameter entities which expand to the standard generic identifiers. This allows users to rename elements by redefining the appropriate parameter entity. Parameter entities used for this purpose are formed by taking the standard generic identifier of the element and attaching the string n. as a prefix. Thus the standard generic identifiers for paragraphs, notes, and quotations, p, note, and persName are defined by declarations of the following form:

<!ENTITY % n.p "p">
<!ENTITY % n.note "note">
<!ENTITY % n.persName "persName">⚓

Note that since all names are case-sensitive, the specific mix of uppercase and lowercase letters in the standard generic identifier must be preserved in the entity name.

These declarations are generated by an ODD processor when TEI DTD fragments are created.

In the RELAX NG schemas, all elements are normally defined using a pattern with the same name as the element (as described in 24.5.3. Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas): for example

abbr = element abbr { abbr.content, abbr.attributes }⚓

The easiest way of renaming the element is thus simply to rewrite the pattern with a different element name; any references use the pattern, not the element, name.

abbr = element abbrev { abbr.content, abbr.attributes }⚓

More complex revisions, such as redefining the content of the element (defined by the pattern abbr.content) or its attributes (defined by the pattern abbr.attributes) can be accomplished in a similar way, using the features of the RELAX NG language. The recommended method of carrying out such modifications is however to use the ODD language as further described in section 23. Documentation Elements.

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TEI: Embedding Local Modifications (DTD only)⚓︎24.5.7.4. Embedding Local Modifications (DTD only)

Any local modifications to a DTD (i.e. changes to a schema other than simple inclusion or exclusion of modules) are made by declarations stored in one of two local extension files, one containing modifications to the TEI parameter entities, and the other new or changed declarations of elements and their attributes. Entity declarations must be made which associate the names of these two files with the appropriate parameter entity so that the declarations they contain can be embedded within the TEI DTD at an appropriate point.

The following entities are referred to by the main tei.dtd file to embed portions of the TEI DTD fragments or locally developed extensions.

TEI.extensions.ent

identifies a local file containing extensions to the TEI parameter entities

TEI.extensions.dtd

identifies a local file containing extensions to the TEI module

For example, if the relevant files are called project.ent and project.dtd, then declarations like the following would be appropriate:

<!ENTITY % TEI.extensions.ent SYSTEM 'project.ent' >
<!ENTITY % TEI.extensions.dtd SYSTEM 'project.dtd' >⚓

When an entity is declared more than once, the first declaration is binding and the others are ignored. The local modifications to parameter entities should therefore be handled before the standard parameter entities themselves are declared in tei.dtd. The entity TEI.extensions.ent is referred to before any TEI declarations are handled, to allow the user's declarations to take priority. If the user does not provide a TEI.extensions.ent entity, the entity will be expanded to the empty string.

For example the encoder might wish to add two phrase-level elements <it> and <bd>, perhaps as synonyms for <hi rend='italics'> and <hi rend='bold'>. As described in chapter 24.3. Customization, this involves two distinct steps: one to define the new elements, and the other to ensure that they are placed into the TEI document structure at the right place.

Creating the new declarations is done in the same way for user-defined elements as for any other; the same parameter entities need to be defined so that they may be referenced by other elements. The content models of these new elements may also reference other parameter entities, which is why they need to be declared after other declarations.

The second step involves modifying the element class to which the new elements should be attached. This requires that the parameter entity macro.phraseSeq should be modified to include the generic identifiers for the new elements we wish to create. The declaration for each modifiable parameter entity in the DTD includes a reference to an additional parameter entity with the same name prefixed by an x.; these entities are declared by default as the null string. However, in the file containing local declarations they may be redeclared to include references to the new class members:

<!ENTITY % x.macro.phraseSeq 'it | bd |'>⚓

and this declaration will take precedence over the default when the declaration for macro.phraseSeq is evaluated.

Notes

102

Excluding model.gLike is generally inadvisable however, since without it the resulting schema has no way of referencing non-Unicode characters.

103

This is not strictly the case, since the element egXML used to represent TEI examples has its own namespace, http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples; this is the only exception however.

104

Full namespace support does not exist in the DTD language, and therefore these techniques are available only to users of more modern schema languages such as RELAX NG or W3C Schema.

105

This module can be used to document any XML schema, and has indeed been used to document several non-TEI schemas.

106

Here and elsewhere we use the word schema to refer to any formal document grammar language, irrespective of the formalism used to represent it.

107

An ODD processor should recognize as erroneous such obvious inconsistencies as an attempt to include an elementSpec in add mode for an element which is already present in an imported module.

108

The carthago program behind the Pizza Chef application, written by Michael Sperberg-McQueen for TEI P3 and P4, went to very great efforts to get this right. The XSLT transformations used by the P5 Roma application are not as sophisticated, partly because the RELAX NG language is more forgiving than DTDs.

109

Note that deletion of required elements will cause the schema specification to accept as valid documents which cannot be TEI-conformant, since they no longer conform to the TEI Abstract Model; conformance topics are addressed in more detail in 24.4. Conformance.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

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Appendix A Model Classes

Table of contents

Appendix A.1 About the Model Classes Appendix

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TEI: About the Model Classes Appendix⚓︎Appendix A.1 About the Model Classes Appendix

This appendix gives you a list of model classes and links to the reference pages for them. There are 127 distinctly-named model classes in revision 3cd82e7a3 of TEI P5 Version 4.10.1 of the TEI Guidelines.

a

model.addressLike

model.addrPart

model.annotationLike

model.annotationPart.body

model.applicationLike

model.attributable

model.availabilityPart

b

model.biblLike

model.biblPart

c

model.castItemPart

model.catDescPart

model.certLike

model.choicePart

model.cmc

model.common

model.contentPart

model.correspActionPart

model.correspContextPart

model.correspDescPart

d

model.dateLike

model.descLike

model.describedResource

model.dimLike

model.div1Like

model.div2Like

model.div3Like

model.div4Like

model.div5Like

model.div6Like

model.div7Like

model.divBottom

model.divBottomPart

model.divGenLike

model.divLike

model.divPart

model.divPart.spoken

model.divTop

model.divTopPart

model.divWrapper

e

model.editorialDeclPart

model.egLike

model.emphLike

model.encodingDescPart

model.entryLike

model.entryPart

model.entryPart.top

model.eventLike

f

model.featureVal

model.featureVal.complex

model.featureVal.single

model.formPart

model.frontPart

model.frontPart.drama

model.fsdDeclPart

g

model.gLike

model.global

model.global.edit

model.global.meta

model.global.spoken

model.gramPart

model.graphicLike

h

model.headLike

model.highlighted

model.hiLike

i

model.identEquiv

model.identSynonyms

model.imprintPart

model.inter

l

model.labelLike

model.lexicalRefinement

model.limitedPhrase

model.linePart

model.listLike

model.lLike

model.lPart

m

model.measureLike

model.milestoneLike

model.morphLike

model.msItemPart

model.msQuoteLike

n

model.nameLike

model.nameLike.agent

model.noteLike

o

model.objectLike

model.oddDecl

model.oddRef

model.offsetLike

model.orgPart

model.orgStateLike

p

model.paraPart

model.persNamePart

model.personLike

model.personPart

model.persStateLike

model.phrase

model.phrase.xml

model.physDescPart

model.placeLike

model.placeNamePart

model.placeStateLike

model.pLike

model.pLike.front

model.pPart.data

model.pPart.edit

model.pPart.editorial

model.pPart.msdesc

model.pPart.transcriptional

model.profileDescPart

model.ptrLike

model.ptrLike.form

model.publicationStmtPart.agency

model.publicationStmtPart.detail

q

model.quoteLike

r

model.rdgLike

model.rdgPart

model.recordingPart

model.resource

model.respLike

s

model.segLike

model.settingPart

model.sourceDescPart

model.specDescLike

model.stageLike

model.standOffPart

t

model.teiHeaderPart

model.textDescPart

model.titlepagePart

[dictionaries] Dictionaries

model.entryLike model.formPart model.gramPart model.lexicalRefinement model.morphLike model.ptrLike.form

[iso-fs] Feature structures

model.fsdDeclPart

[msdescription] Manuscript Description

model.physDescPart

[namesdates] Names and dates

model.persNamePart

[spoken] Transcribed Speech

model.divPart.spoken model.global.spoken model.recordingPart

[tagdocs] Documentation of TEI and other XML markup languages

model.contentPart

[tei] Declarations for classes, datatypes, and macros available to all TEI modules

model.addrPart model.addressLike model.annotationLike model.annotationPart.body model.applicationLike model.attributable model.availabilityPart model.biblLike model.biblPart model.castItemPart model.catDescPart model.certLike model.choicePart model.cmc model.common model.correspActionPart model.correspContextPart model.correspDescPart model.dateLike model.descLike model.describedResource model.dimLike model.div1Like model.div2Like model.div3Like model.div4Like model.div5Like model.div6Like model.div7Like model.divBottom model.divBottomPart model.divGenLike model.divLike model.divPart model.divTop model.divTopPart model.divWrapper model.editorialDeclPart model.egLike model.emphLike model.encodingDescPart model.entryPart model.entryPart.top model.eventLike model.featureVal model.featureVal.complex model.featureVal.single model.frontPart model.frontPart.drama model.gLike model.global model.global.edit model.global.meta model.graphicLike model.headLike model.hiLike model.highlighted model.identEquiv model.identSynonyms model.imprintPart model.inter model.lLike model.lPart model.labelLike model.limitedPhrase model.linePart model.listLike model.measureLike model.milestoneLike model.msItemPart model.msQuoteLike model.nameLike model.nameLike.agent model.noteLike model.objectLike model.oddDecl model.oddRef model.offsetLike model.orgPart model.orgStateLike model.pLike model.pLike.front model.pPart.data model.pPart.edit model.pPart.editorial model.pPart.msdesc model.pPart.transcriptional model.paraPart model.persStateLike model.personLike model.personPart model.phrase model.phrase.xml model.placeLike model.placeNamePart model.placeStateLike model.profileDescPart model.ptrLike model.publicationStmtPart.agency model.publicationStmtPart.detail model.quoteLike model.resource model.respLike model.segLike model.settingPart model.sourceDescPart model.specDescLike model.stageLike model.standOffPart model.teiHeaderPart model.textDescPart model.titlepagePart

[textcrit] Critical Apparatus

model.rdgLike model.rdgPart

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

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Appendix B Attribute Classes

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Appendix B.1 About the Attribute Classes Appendix

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TEI: About the Attribute Classes Appendix⚓︎Appendix B.1 About the Attribute Classes Appendix

This appendix gives you a list of attribute classes and links to the reference pages for them. There are 85 distinctly-named attribute classes in revision 3cd82e7a3 of TEI P5 Version 4.10.1 of the TEI Guidelines.

a

att.anchoring

att.ascribed

att.ascribed.directed

b

att.breaking

c

att.calendarSystem

att.canonical

att.citeStructurePart

att.citing

att.cmc

att.combinable

att.coordinated

att.cReferencing

d

att.damaged

att.datable

att.datable.custom

att.datable.iso

att.datable.w3c

att.datcat

att.declarable

att.declaring

att.deprecated

att.dimensions

att.divLike

att.docStatus

att.duration

att.duration.iso

att.duration.w3c

e

att.edition

att.editLike

att.enjamb

att.entryLike

f

att.formula

att.fragmentable

g

att.gaijiProp

att.global

att.global.analytic

att.global.change

att.global.facs

att.global.linking

att.global.rendition

att.global.responsibility

att.global.source

h

att.handFeatures

i

att.identified

att.indentation

att.internetMedia

att.interpLike

l

att.lexicographic

att.lexicographic.normalized

att.linguistic

att.locatable

m

att.measurement

att.media

att.metrical

att.milestoneUnit

att.msClass

att.msExcerpt

n

att.namespaceable

att.naming

att.notated

p

att.partials

att.patternReplacement

att.personal

att.placement

att.pointing

att.pointing.group

att.predicate

r

att.ranging

att.rdgPart

att.repeatable

att.resourced

s

att.scope

att.scoping

att.segLike

att.sortable

att.spanning

att.styleDef

t

att.tableDecoration

att.textCritical

att.timed

att.transcriptional

att.translatable

att.typed

w

att.witnessed

att.written

[analysis] Simple analytic mechanisms

att.lexicographic.normalized att.linguistic att.global.analytic

[core] Elements common to all TEI documents

att.milestoneUnit

[dictionaries] Dictionaries

att.entryLike att.lexicographic

[figures] Tables, formulæ, notated music, and figures

att.tableDecoration

[gaiji] Character and glyph documentation

att.gaijiProp

[header] The TEI header

att.citeStructurePart att.patternReplacement

[linking] Linking, segmentation, and alignment

att.global.linking

[msdescription] Manuscript Description

att.msExcerpt att.msClass

[namesdates] Names and dates

att.datable.custom att.datable.iso

[spoken] Transcribed Speech

att.duration

[tagdocs] Documentation of TEI and other XML markup languages

att.translatable att.predicate att.repeatable att.combinable att.identified att.deprecated att.namespaceable

[tei] Declarations for classes, datatypes, and macros available to all TEI modules

att.anchoring att.ascribed att.breaking att.cReferencing att.canonical att.citing att.cmc att.datable.w3c att.datcat att.declarable att.declaring att.docStatus att.duration.w3c att.editLike att.edition att.fragmentable att.global.rendition att.global.responsibility att.global.source att.indentation att.internetMedia att.interpLike att.measurement att.notated att.placement att.pointing att.ranging att.resourced att.scope att.scoping att.sortable att.spanning att.styleDef att.typed att.written att.ascribed.directed att.datable att.dimensions att.divLike att.global att.handFeatures att.media att.naming att.pointing.group att.segLike att.transcriptional att.damaged att.timed att.formula att.locatable att.partials att.personal att.calendarSystem att.duration.iso

[textcrit] Critical Apparatus

att.rdgPart att.witnessed att.textCritical

[transcr] Transcription of primary sources

att.global.facs att.global.change att.coordinated

[verse] Verse structures

att.metrical att.enjamb

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

Appendix C Elements

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Appendix C.1 About the Elements Appendix

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TEI: About the Elements Appendix⚓︎Appendix C.1 About the Elements Appendix

This appendix gives you links to reference pages for all elements in the TEI Guidelines. There are 588 TEI elements in revision 3cd82e7a3 of TEI P5 Version 4.10.1 of the TEI Guidelines.

The elements listed here are in the TEI Namespace: http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 unless otherwise noted on that element's reference page.

a

ab

abbr

abstract

accMat

acquisition

activity

actor

add

additional

additions

addName

address

addrLine

addSpan

adminInfo

affiliation

age

alt

alternate

altGrp

altIdent

altIdentifier

am

analytic

anchor

annotation

annotationBlock

anyElement

app

appInfo

application

arc

argument

att

attDef

attList

attRef

author

authority

availability

b

back

bibl

biblFull

biblScope

biblStruct

bicond

binary

binaryObject

binding

bindingDesc

birth

bloc

body

broadcast

byline

c

c

caesura

calendar

calendarDesc

camera

caption

case

castGroup

castItem

castList

catchwords

catDesc

category

catRef

cb

cell

certainty

change

channel

char

charDecl

choice

cit

citeData

citedRange

citeStructure

cl

classCode

classDecl

classes

classRef

classSpec

climate

closer

code

collation

collection

colloc

colophon

cond

condition

constitution

constraint

constraintDecl

constraintSpec

content

conversion

corr

correction

correspAction

correspContext

correspDesc

country

creation

cRefPattern

custEvent

custodialHist

d

damage

damageSpan

dataFacet

dataRef

dataSpec

datatype

date

dateline

death

decoDesc

decoNote

def

default

defaultVal

del

delSpan

depth

derivation

desc

dictScrap

dim

dimensions

distinct

distributor

district

div

div1

div2

div3

div4

div5

div6

div7

divGen

docAuthor

docDate

docEdition

docImprint

docTitle

domain

e

edition

editionStmt

editor

editorialDecl

education

eg

egXML

eLeaf

elementRef

elementSpec

ellipsis

email

emph

empty

encodingDesc

entry

entryFree

epigraph

epilogue

equipment

equiv

eTree

etym

event

eventName

ex

exemplum

expan

explicit

extent

f

f

facsimile

factuality

faith

fDecl

fDescr

figDesc

figure

fileDesc

filiation

finalRubric

fLib

floatingText

floruit

foliation

foreign

forename

forest

form

formula

front

fs

fsConstraints

fsdDecl

fsDecl

fsDescr

fsdLink

funder

fvLib

fw

g

g

gap

gb

gen

gender

genName

geo

geoDecl

geogFeat

geogName

gi

gloss

glyph

gram

gramGrp

graph

graphic

group

h

handDesc

handNote

handNotes

handShift

head

headItem

headLabel

height

heraldry

hi

history

hom

hyph

hyphenation

i

ident

idno

if

iff

imprimatur

imprint

incident

incipit

index

iNode

institution

interaction

interp

interpGrp

interpretation

item

iType

j

join

joinGrp

k

keywords

kinesic

l

l

label

lacunaEnd

lacunaStart

lang

langKnowledge

langKnown

language

langUsage

layout

layoutDesc

lb

lbl

leaf

lem

lg

licence

line

link

linkGrp

list

listAnnotation

listApp

listBibl

listChange

listEvent

listForest

listNym

listObject

listOrg

listPerson

listPlace

listPrefixDef

listRef

listRelation

listTranspose

listWit

locale

localProp

location

locus

locusGrp

m

m

macroRef

macroSpec

mapping

material

measure

measureGrp

media

meeting

memberOf

mentioned

metamark

metDecl

metSym

milestone

mod

model

modelGrp

modelSequence

moduleRef

moduleSpec

monogr

mood

move

msContents

msDesc

msFrag

msIdentifier

msItem

msItemStruct

msName

msPart

musicNotation

n

name

nameLink

namespace

nationality

node

normalization

notatedMusic

note

noteGrp

notesStmt

num

number

numeric

nym

o

object

objectDesc

objectIdentifier

objectName

objectType

occupation

offset

opener

oRef

org

orgName

orig

origDate

origin

origPlace

orth

outputRendition

p

p

param

paramList

paramSpec

particDesc

path

pause

pb

pc

per

performance

persName

person

persona

personGrp

persPronouns

phr

physDesc

place

placeName

population

pos

post

postBox

postCode

postscript

precision

pRef

prefixDef

preparedness

principal

profileDesc

projectDesc

prologue

pron

provenance

ptr

publicationStmt

publisher

pubPlace

punctuation

purpose

q

q

quotation

quote

r

rb

rdg

rdgGrp

re

recordHist

recording

recordingStmt

redo

ref

refsDecl

refState

reg

region

relatedItem

relation

remarks

rendition

repository

residence

resp

respons

respStmt

restore

retrace

revisionDesc

rhyme

role

roleDesc

roleName

root

row

rs

rt

rubric

ruby

s

s

said

salute

samplingDecl

schemaRef

schemaSpec

scriptDesc

scriptNote

scriptStmt

seal

sealDesc

secFol

secl

seg

segmentation

sense

sequence

series

seriesStmt

set

setting

settingDesc

settlement

sex

shift

sic

signatures

signed

soCalled

socecStatus

sound

source

sourceDesc

sourceDoc

sp

space

span

spanGrp

speaker

specDesc

specGrp

specGrpRef

specList

spGrp

sponsor

stage

stamp

standOff

state

stdVals

street

stress

string

styleDefDecl

subc

subst

substJoin

summary

superEntry

supplied

support

supportDesc

surface

surfaceGrp

surname

surplus

surrogates

syll

symbol

t

table

tag

tagsDecl

tagUsage

taxonomy

tech

TEI

teiCorpus

teiHeader

term

terrain

text

textClass

textDesc

textLang

textNode

then

time

timeline

title

titlePage

titlePart

titleStmt

tns

trailer

trait

transcriptionDesc

transpose

tree

triangle

typeDesc

typeNote

u

u

unclear

undo

unicodeProp

unihanProp

unit

unitDecl

unitDef

usg

v

val

valDesc

valItem

valList

vAlt

variantEncoding

vColl

vDefault

view

vLabel

vMerge

vNot

vocal

vRange

w

w

watermark

when

width

wit

witDetail

witEnd

witness

witStart

writing

x

xenoData

xr

z

zone

[analysis] Simple analytic mechanisms

c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

[certainty] Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

certainty precision respons

[cmc] Computer-mediated communication

post

[core] Elements common to all TEI documents

abbr add addrLine address analytic author bibl biblScope biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit citedRange corr date del desc distinct divGen editor ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic head headItem headLabel hi imprint index item l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media meeting mentioned milestone monogr name note noteGrp num orig p pb postBox postCode ptr pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg relatedItem resp respStmt rs rt ruby said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street teiCorpus term textLang time title unclear unit

[corpus] Corpus texts

activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale particDesc preparedness purpose setting settingDesc textDesc

[dictionaries] Dictionaries

case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth pRef per pos pron re sense stress subc superEntry syll tns usg xr

[drama] Performance texts

actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue move performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

[figures] Tables, formulæ, notated music, and figures

cell figDesc figure formula notatedMusic row table

[gaiji] Character and glyph documentation

char charDecl g glyph localProp mapping unicodeProp unihanProp

[header] The TEI header

abstract appInfo application authority availability biblFull cRefPattern calendar calendarDesc catDesc catRef category change citeData citeStructure classCode classDecl conversion correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc creation distributor edition editionStmt editorialDecl encodingDesc extent fileDesc funder geoDecl handNote hyphenation idno interpretation keywords langUsage language licence listChange listPrefixDef namespace normalization notesStmt prefixDef principal profileDesc projectDesc publicationStmt punctuation quotation refState refsDecl rendition revisionDesc samplingDecl schemaRef scriptNote segmentation seriesStmt sourceDesc sponsor stdVals styleDefDecl tagUsage tagsDecl taxonomy teiHeader textClass titleStmt unitDecl unitDef xenoData

[iso-fs] Feature structures

bicond binary cond default f fDecl fDescr fLib fs fsConstraints fsDecl fsDescr fsdDecl fsdLink fvLib if iff numeric string symbol then vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

[linking] Linking, segmentation, and alignment

ab alt altGrp anchor annotation join joinGrp link linkGrp listAnnotation seg standOff timeline when

[msdescription] Manuscript Description

accMat acquisition additional additions adminInfo altIdentifier binding bindingDesc catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent custodialHist decoDesc decoNote depth dim dimensions explicit filiation finalRubric foliation handDesc height heraldry history incipit institution layout layoutDesc locus locusGrp material msContents msDesc msFrag msIdentifier msItem msItemStruct msName msPart musicNotation objectDesc objectType origDate origPlace origin physDesc provenance recordHist repository rubric scriptDesc seal sealDesc secFol signatures source stamp summary support supportDesc surrogates typeDesc typeNote watermark width

[namesdates] Names and dates

addName affiliation age birth bloc climate country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geo geogFeat geogName langKnowledge langKnown listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink nationality nym object objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona place placeName population region relation residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus state surname terrain trait

[nets] Graphs, networks, and trees

arc eLeaf eTree forest graph iNode leaf listForest node root tree triangle

[spoken] Transcribed Speech

annotationBlock broadcast equipment incident kinesic pause recording recordingStmt scriptStmt shift transcriptionDesc u vocal writing

[tagdocs] Documentation of TEI and other XML markup languages

altIdent alternate anyElement att attDef attList attRef classRef classSpec classes code constraint constraintDecl constraintSpec content dataFacet dataRef dataSpec datatype defaultVal eg egXML elementRef elementSpec empty equiv exemplum gi ident listRef macroRef macroSpec memberOf model modelGrp modelSequence moduleRef moduleSpec outputRendition param paramList paramSpec remarks schemaSpec sequence specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag textNode val valDesc valItem valList

[textcrit] Critical Apparatus

app lacunaEnd lacunaStart lem listApp listWit rdg rdgGrp variantEncoding wit witDetail witEnd witStart witness

[textstructure] Default text structure

TEI argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

[transcr] Transcription of primary sources

addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex facsimile fw handNotes handShift line listTranspose metamark mod path redo restore retrace secl sourceDoc space subst substJoin supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus transpose undo zone

[verse] Verse structures

caesura metDecl metSym rhyme

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

Appendix D Attributes

Table of contents

Appendix D.1 About the Attributes Appendix

Previous Appendix C Elements

Next Appendix E Datatypes and Other Macros

Home

TEI: About the Attributes Appendix⚓︎Appendix D.1 About the Attributes Appendix

This appendix gives you a list of attributes and links to the reference pages for the elements on which they appear. There are 275 distinctly-named attributes in revision 3cd82e7a3 of TEI P5 Version 4.10.1 of the TEI Guidelines.

absolute
when 

active
interaction  relation 

adj
node 

adjFrom
node 

adjTo
node 

age
person  personGrp  persona 

agent
att.damaged gap  unclear 

aloud
said 

ana
att.global.analytic

anchored
att.anchoring

arity
tree 

assertedValue
certainty 

atLeast
att.ranging

atMost
att.ranging

attachment
surface 

atts
specDesc 

autoPrefix
content 

baseForm
m 

baseTypes
fsDecl 

behaviour
model 

break
att.breaking

calendar
att.calendarSystem

cause
att.textCritical att.transcriptional

cert
att.global.responsibility certainty 

change
att.global.change

children
iNode  root 

class
att.msClass attRef 

code
occupation  socecStatus 

cols
att.tableDecoration table 

columns
layout 

commodity
att.measurement

confidence
att.ranging

contemporary
binding  seal 

copyOf
att.global.linking

corresp
att.global.linking

cRef
att.cReferencing

cssClass
model 

datcat
att.datcat

datingMethod
att.datable.custom

datingPoint
att.datable.custom

datum
geoDecl 

decls
att.declaring

default
att.declarable

defaultExceptions
schemaSpec 

defective
att.msExcerpt

degree
att.damaged certainty  node  purpose 

delim
citeStructure  refState 

dim
space 

direct
said 

discrete
sound 

docLang
schemaSpec 

domains
att.pointing.group

dur
att.duration.w3c

dur-iso
att.duration.iso

ed
att.edition

edRef
att.edition

encoding
binaryObject 

end
att.timed

enjamb
att.enjamb

eol
hyphenation 

evaluate
att.pointing

evidence
att.editLike persPronouns 

except
anyElement  classRef  moduleRef 

exclude
att.global.linking

expand
att.lexicographic classRef 

extent
att.dimensions att.partials

facs
att.global.facs

feats
fs 

feature
shift 

filter
equiv 

flipping
surface 

follow
iNode  leaf 

force
pc 

form
objectDesc 

formula
att.formula

from
att.citing att.datable.w3c app  arc  locus  rt  span 

from-custom
att.datable.custom

from-iso
att.datable.iso

fromUnit
conversion 

full
att.personal

function
att.segLike material  metamark 

fVal
f 

gender
actor  person  personGrp  persona  role 

generate
classSpec 

generatedBy
att.cmc

gi
tagUsage 

given
certainty 

gradual
writing 

group
att.damaged

hand
att.written

hands
handDesc 

height
att.media

ident
att.identified application  language  prefixDef  remarks  transcriptionDesc  valItem 

include
classRef  moduleRef 

inDegree
node 

indentLevel
att.indentation

indexName
index 

inst
att.interpLike

instant
att.editLike persPronouns 

interval
timeline  when 

iterated
kinesic  vocal 

join
att.linguistic

key
att.canonical classRef  dataRef  elementRef  macroRef  memberOf  moduleRef  schemaRef  specDesc 

label
rhyme 

lang
code 

lemma
att.linguistic

lemmaRef
att.linguistic

length
refState 

level
langKnown  sense  title 

loc
app 

location
att.lexicographic variantEncoding 

locus
certainty  respons 

lrx
att.coordinated

lry
att.coordinated

mainLang
textLang 

marks
punctuation  quotation 

match
att.scoping citeStructure 

matchPattern
att.patternReplacement

material
supportDesc 

max
att.ranging memberOf  numeric 

maxOccurs
att.repeatable datatype 

medium
att.handFeatures

mergedIn
att.lexicographic

met
att.metrical

method
correction  normalization  variantEncoding 

mimeType
att.internetMedia media 

min
att.ranging memberOf 

minOccurs
att.repeatable datatype 

modality
post 

mode
att.combinable alt  altGrp  channel  classes  memberOf 

module
att.identified

motivation
annotation 

msd
att.linguistic

mutual
relation 

n
att.global

name
att.gaijiProp attRef  dataFacet  dataRef  equiv  f  fDecl  namespace  param  relation  unicodeProp  unihanProp  vLabel 

new
handShift  shift 

next
att.global.linking

norm
att.lexicographic.normalized

notAfter
att.datable.w3c

notAfter-custom
att.datable.custom

notAfter-iso
att.datable.iso

notation
att.notated

notBefore
att.datable.w3c

notBefore-custom
att.datable.custom

notBefore-iso
att.datable.iso

ns
att.namespaceable

nymRef
att.naming

occurs
tagUsage 

opt
att.lexicographic

optional
fDecl 

ord
iNode  root  tree 

order
graph  tree 

ordered
listChange 

org
att.divLike attList  vColl  vMerge 

orig
att.lexicographic.normalized

origin
timeline 

otherLangs
textLang 

outDegree
iNode  node  root 

output
model  modelGrp  modelSequence 

parent
iNode  leaf 

part
att.fragmentable

partial
tagsDecl 

parts
nym 

passive
interaction  relation 

pattern
metDecl 

perf
move  tech 

period
att.datable

place
att.placement

placement
punctuation 

points
att.coordinated path 

pos
att.linguistic

pre
pc 

precision
att.dimensions precision 

predeclare
att.identified

predicate
att.predicate modelSequence 

prefix
elementSpec  moduleRef  schemaSpec 

preserveOrder
sequence 

prev
att.global.linking

property
citeData 

quantity
att.dimensions att.measurement

queryBinding
constraintDecl 

real
att.metrical

reason
gap  secl  supplied  surplus  unclear 

ref
att.canonical dataRef  g 

rend
att.global.rendition

rendition
att.global.rendition

replacementPattern
att.patternReplacement

replyTo
post 

require
att.textCritical anyElement 

resp
att.global.responsibility space 

restriction
dataRef 

result
join  joinGrp 

rhyme
att.metrical

role
att.naming att.tableDecoration org  person  personGrp  persona 

rotate
zone 

rows
att.tableDecoration table 

ruledLines
layout 

sameAs
att.global.linking

sample
att.divLike

scale
att.media

scheme
att.gaijiProp att.styleDef att  catRef  classCode  constraintDecl  constraintSpec  gi  keywords  locus  locusGrp  occupation  socecStatus  tag 

schemeVersion
att.styleDef

scope
att.dimensions att.scope join  outputRendition  rendition 

scribe
att.handFeatures

scribeRef
att.handFeatures

script
att.handFeatures

scriptRef
att.handFeatures

select
att.global.linking

selector
rendition 

seq
att.transcriptional

sex
actor  person  personGrp  persona 

since
when 

size
graph  personGrp 

social
distinct 

sort
att.personal

sortKey
att.sortable

source
att.global.source

space
distinct 

spanTo
att.spanning

split
att.lexicographic

start
att.coordinated att.timed schemaSpec 

status
att.docStatus att.transcriptional availability  correction 

stdDeviation
precision 

streams
layout 

style
att.global.rendition

subtype
att.interpLike att.typed

synch
att.global.linking

tag
langKnown 

tags
langKnowledge 

target
att.pointing att.scoping alt  annotation  change  fsdLink  material  metamark  redo  relatedItem  rt  specGrpRef  undo 

targetDatcat
att.datcat

targetEnd
att.anchoring

targetLang
att.pointing schemaSpec 

targFunc
att.pointing.group

terminal
metSym 

time
distinct 

to
att.citing att.datable.w3c app  arc  locus  rt  span 

to-custom
att.datable.custom

to-iso
att.datable.iso

toUnit
conversion 

toWhom
att.ascribed.directed

trans
u 

trunc
numeric 

type
att.entryLike att.interpLike att.textCritical att.typed abbr  affiliation  age  app  birth  castItem  certainty  classSpec  constitution  constraintSpec  correspAction  death  derivation  desc  dimensions  distinct  divGen  domain  education  factuality  faith  form  fs  fsDecl  fsdLink  fw  gram  graph  iType  idno  interaction  langKnowledge  lbl  list  listForest  measure  metDecl  move  nationality  node  num  oRef  occupation  orth  preparedness  purpose  q  recording  residence  socecStatus  sound  stage  tag  tech  title  titlePage  titlePart  usg  valList  witDetail  xr 

ulx
att.coordinated

uly
att.coordinated

unit
att.citing att.dimensions att.measurement att.milestoneUnit citeStructure  pc  timeline  when 

unitRef
att.measurement

uri
equiv 

url
att.resourced binaryObject  moduleRef 

usage
attDef  language 

use
att.citeStructurePart

useSourceRendition
model  modelGrp  modelSequence 

valid
egXML 

validUntil
att.deprecated

value
att.gaijiProp att.lexicographic age  binary  dataFacet  eLeaf  eTree  gender  iNode  leaf  metSym  node  num  numeric  param  persPronouns  root  sex  symbol  triangle  unicodeProp  unihanProp 

valueDatcat
att.datcat

varSeq
att.textCritical

version
att.gaijiProp TEI  application  teiCorpus  transcriptionDesc 

versionDate
att.translatable

weights
alt 

when
att.datable.w3c

when-custom
att.datable.custom

when-iso
att.datable.iso

where
att.locatable move 

who
att.ascribed

width
att.media

wit
att.rdgPart att.witnessed witDetail 

withId
tagUsage 

writtenLines
layout 

xml:base
att.global

xml:id
att.global annotation 

xml:lang
att.global

xml:space
att.global

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

Appendix E Datatypes and Other Macros

Table of contents

Appendix E.1 About the Datatypes and Macros Appendix

Previous Appendix D Attributes

Next Appendix F Bibliography

Home

TEI: About the Datatypes and Macros Appendix⚓︎Appendix E.1 About the Datatypes and Macros Appendix

This appendix gives you a list of datypes and links to the reference pages for them. There are 35 distinctly-named data specifications in revision 3cd82e7a3 of TEI P5 Version 4.10.1 of the TEI Guidelines.

Alphabetical list

[cmc] Computer-mediated communication

macro.specialPara.cmc

[tei] Declarations for classes, datatypes, and macros available to all TEI modules

macro.abContent macro.limitedContent macro.paraContent macro.phraseSeq macro.phraseSeq.limited macro.specialPara macro.xtext teidata.authority teidata.certainty teidata.count teidata.duration.iso teidata.duration.w3c teidata.enumerated teidata.gender teidata.interval teidata.language teidata.name teidata.namespace teidata.namespaceOrName teidata.nullOrName teidata.numeric teidata.outputMeasurement teidata.pattern teidata.point teidata.pointer teidata.prefix teidata.probability teidata.probCert teidata.replacement teidata.sex teidata.temporal.iso teidata.temporal.w3c teidata.temporal.working teidata.text teidata.truthValue teidata.unboundedCount teidata.version teidata.versionNumber teidata.word teidata.xmlName teidata.xpath teidata.xTruthValue

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

Appendix F Bibliography

Table of contents

Appendix F.1 Works Cited in Examples in these Guidelines

Appendix F.2 Works Cited Elsewhere in the Text of these Guidelines

Appendix F.3 Reading List

Previous Appendix E Datatypes and Other Macros

Next Appendix G Deprecations

Home

TEI: Works Cited in Examples in these Guidelines⚓︎Appendix F.1 Works Cited in Examples in these Guidelines

阿城，《棋王》。

Académie française, Rectifications de l'orthographe - J.O. du 06-12-1990, En ligne, consulté le 05-03-2010.

Adams, Douglas. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, New York: Pocket Books, 1979, chapter 31. ↵ ↵

Agence bibliographique de l'enseignement supérieur, ABES:Site internet par l'ABES (editor),consulté le 05-03-2010.

阿拉伯短劍，國史館：嚴家淦總統文物。

Alighieri, Dante. Doglia mi reca ne lo core ardire, Rime, XLIX. ↵ ↵

Allinson, E.P. and B. Penrose. Philadelphia 1681-1887 (1887), p. 138. ↵

American National Standard for Bibliographic References, ANSI Z39.29-1977, New York: American National Standards Institute (1977). ↵ ↵ ↵

Andersson, Theodore M.. A Preface to the Nibelungenlied, Stanford University Press (1987). ↵ ↵ ↵

Andrews, Mr.. Song, Chambers's Edinburgh Journal Series 1 9 :463 (12 December 1840), 376. https://dvpp.uvic.ca/poems/chambers_series/1840/pom_5242_song.html ↵

Anouilh, Jean, Antigone, 1842.

[As in Visions of] Single leaf of Notes for a poem about night "visions," possibly related to the untitled 1855 poem that Whitman eventually titled "The Sleepers." Fragments of an unidentified newspaper clipping about the Puget Sound area have been pasted to the leaf. The Trent Collection of Walt Whitman Manuscripts, Duke University Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library. http://www.whitmanarchive.org/resources/sleepers/duk.00258.001.jpg ↵ ↵

Atkins et al. (editor) Collins Robert French-English English-French Dictionary. London: Collins (1978).

Atkinson, J. Maxwell and John Heritage. Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis, Cambridge and Paris: Cambridge University Press, Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme (1984), ix-xvi. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. (1813), chapter 1. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

白先勇，〈金大班的最後一夜〉，《台北人》。

白先勇，《孽子》。

白居易，《憶江南》。

Amheida I: Ostraka from Trimithis Volume 1: Texts from the 2004–2007 Seasons, Bagnall, R. S. and G. R. Ruffini, with contributions by R. Cribiore and G. Vittmann (editor) (2012). ↵

Baker, James K.. Night in Tarras. In Hilltop: A Literary Paper, vol 1 no 2. Wellington: Victoria University College Literary Society. (1949). ↵

Balzac, Honoré de, Les Chouans, 1845.

Balzac, Honoré de, Le Père Goriot, 1843.

Balzac, Honoré de, Petites misères de la vie conjugale, 1850.

Barbauld, Lucy Aikin. The Works of Anna Laetitia Barbauld (1826). ↵

Barker, Jane. The Lining to the Patch-Work Screen (1726). ↵ ↵

Base de datos paleográfica da lírica galego-portuguesa (PalMed). Versión 1.2. Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro para a Investigación en Humanidades. http://www.cirp.gal/palmed. f. B126r, column a, l. 21-32. ↵

Bataille, Michel , L'Arbre de Noël, 1967.

Les Chats, in : Baudelaire, Charles, Les Fleurs du mal, 1861.

La Vie antérieure, in : Baudelaire, Charles, Les Fleurs du mal, 1861.

電影《霸王別姬》，1993年。

Beck, Béatrice, Léon Morin, prêtre, 1952.

Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot, London: Faber and Faber (1956). ↵

Beckett, Samuel. Murphy (1963), chap 2. ↵

Becque, Henry, La Parisienne. Edition électronique par l'ATILF (editor) et le CNRTL (editor), d'après l'édition de Fasquelle (Paris, 1922).

Bowers, Jack Mixtepec-Mixtec Project Personography https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iljackb/Mixtepec_Mixtec/master/MIX-People.xml#element(JS/6) ↵

Beerbohm, Max. Autograph manuscript of The Golden Drugget, Pierpont Morgan MA 3391. in Klinkenborg and Cahoon (1981) 123. ↵ ↵

Behn, Aphra. The Rover, (1697). ↵

Beeton, Isabella. The book of Household Management, London: S.O. Beeton (1861). ↵ ↵ ↵

Belloc, Denis , Képas, 1989.

Belloc, Denis , Néons, 1987.

Bentham, Jeremy. The Book of Fallacies. (1824). ↵

Beowulf and The fight at Finnsburg; edited, with introduction, bibliography, notes, glossary, and appendices, by Fr. Klaeber (editor). Boston, New York [etc.] D.C. Heath & Co. (1922). ↵ ↵

Bibliographie dans le cadre de la semaine italienne du 11 au 18 mars 2006, , document électronique.

Bibliothèque nationale de France, Projet de description des reliures remarquables de la Réserve des livres rares selon le modèle de la TEI manuscrits.

Billetdoux, Marie, Un peu de désir sinon je meurs, 2006.

Blake, William. London, in Songs of Experience (1791). ↵

Blake, William. The Sick Rose, in Songs of Experience (1794). ↵

Blake, William. The Tyger, in Songs of Experience (1794). ↵

Bloomfield, Leonard. Literate and Illiterate Speech, American Speech, 2 , (1927), pp. 432-441. ↵

Borges, Jorge Luis, tr. R. Simms (editor). The Analytical Language of John Wilkins. In Emir Rodriguez Monegal (editor) and Alistair Reid (editor), eds. Borges: A reader, Dutton Adult (1981), p.141. ↵

Borges, Jorge Luis. Avatars of the Tortoise In James E. Irby (editor) tr. Labyrinths: Selected Stories and Other Writings, New York: New Directions, (1962), pp.202-203. ↵

Bouillier, Grégoire, Rapport sur moi, 2002.

Bresson, Robert, Mouchette : script, l'Avant-scène cinéma, n° 80, avril 1968.

Extract from British National Corpus (http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk) Text KB7, sentence 13730. ↵

Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre: An Autobiography, Third edition; reprintLondon Service & Paton, 1897; Project Gutenberg, 1 December 2020. chapter XII. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1260/1260-h/1260-h.htm ↵

Browning, Robert. Letter to George Moulton-Barrett, Pierpont Morgan MA 310, (Klinkenborg and Cahoon (1981) 23). ↵

Buirette de Belloy, Pierre Laurent, Gabrielle de Vergy, 1777.

Bunyan, John. The Pilgrim's Progress from this world to that which is to come..., London (1678). ↵

Burgess, Anthony. A Clockwork Orange. (1962), opening. ↵

Burnard SGML reading list, COMP.TEXT.SGML, September 30 to October 11, 1990 in Usenet Archives (UsenetArchives.com, 2024). ↵

Burnard, Lou. Principles of Database Design in S. Rahtz. (editor) ed. Information Technology in the Humanities: tools, techniques and applications, Ellis Horwood Ltd, Ellis Horwood Series in Computers and Their Applications, (1987), p. 54. ↵

Burnard, Lou, Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., La TEI simplifiée, une introduction au codage des textes électroniques en vue de leur échange — version de travail , 1996.

Burton, Robert. Anatomy of Melancholy (1621), 16th ed. reprinted 1846, p. 743. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Butler, Samuel. The Way of All Flesh (1903), chapter 37. ↵ ↵ ↵

Byron, George Gordon. Don Juan (1819), I.xxii. ↵

Byron, George Gordon. Vision of Judgment In E.H. Coleridge (editor) ed. The Poetical Works of Lord Byron, viii, 1922. ↵

C 60/16 Fine Roll 6 HENRY III (28 October 1221-27 October 1222), membrane 5, entry 154. ↵

CBETA

Cædmon's Hymn in Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica (MS Kk. 5. 16, Cambridge, University Library). ↵

Cabaret. A musical play, with book by Joe Masteroff, lyrics by Fred Ebb, and music by John Kaner. Based on the play by John van Druten and stories by Christopher Isherwood. 1966 ↵

Edward Barkley, describing how Essex drove the Irish from the plains into the woods to freeze or famish in winter; quoted by Canny, Nicholas P. The Ideology of English Colonization: From Ireland to America. In Stanley N. Katz (editor) and John M. Murrin (editor) eds. Colonial America: Essays in Politics and Social Development, 3d ed New York: Knopf, (1983), p.53. ↵ ↵ ↵

Carroll, Lewis. Through the Looking Glass, and what Alice found there. (1871). ↵ ↵

Catéchisme de l'Eglise catholique, 1968.

Cavendish, Margaret. Nature's Pictures. London, 1656. Women Writers Online. Women Writers Project, Northeastern University. 29 Mar. 2015. ↵ ↵

Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France). UMR 7118 ATILF, Le Trésor de la Langue Française Informatisé (TLFI), 2004.

Example recoded from Chafe, W. Adequacy, user-friendliness, and practicality in transcribing In Leech, G. (editor), G. Myers (editor), J. Thomas (editor) eds. Spoken English on Computer: Transcription, Markup and Applications. Harlow: Longman, 1995. ↵

Chandler, Lloyd. Conversation with Death (also known as Oh, Death). In Journal of Folklore Research, 41.2/3 , (2004), pp. 125-126. ↵

Chapman, Graham, Cleese, John, Gilliam, Terry, Idle, Eric, Jones, Terry. The complete Monty Pythons Flying Circus. ↵ ↵

Chapman, Graham, Cleese, John, Gilliam, Terry, Idle, Eric, Jones, Terry. Monty Python's Life of Brian (1979). ↵ ↵

Chaucer, Geoffrey. Canterbury Tales, f52r, in Holkham MS. ↵

Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Tale of Sir Topas, The Canterbury Tales, In F. N. Robinson (editor) ed. The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, 2nd edition Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1957. ↵

陳政彥，〈戰後臺灣現代詩論戰史研究〉，2007。

Cholières, Nicolas de, La Forest Nuptiale (1600). ↵

Chomsky, Noam and Morris Halle. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper & Row (1968), p. 415.

Claude Simon Le jardin des plantes, 1997, p 284

Cleaver, Eldridge. Soul on Ice. New York (1968). ↵

Cloud of Unknowing In Hodgson, Phyllis (editor) ed. The Cloud of Unknowing and The Book of Privy Counselling, London: Oxford University Press, Early English Text Society, 218, (1944). ↵

Clover, Carol J.The Medieval Saga, Ithaca: Cornell University Press (1982). ↵ ↵ ↵

Cocteau, Jean. La Machine Infernale. ↵

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. In Wordsworth, William and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Lyrical Ballads (1798). ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Frost at Midnight In E.H. Coleridge (editor) ed. Poetical Works, Oxford: Oxford University Press, (1967), p.240. ↵

Colette, Colette à l'école, 1900.

Collins English Dictionary, 12th edition Glasgow: Collins (2014).

Collins Pocket Dictionary of the English language. London: Collins.

Collins, Wilkie. The Moonstone, Penguin, 6th narrative. ↵

Comenius, John Amos. Orbis Pictus: a facsimile of the first English edition of 1659 (ed. John E. Sadler (editor)) Oxford University Press (1968). ↵ ↵

Cope, Thomas Pym. Philadelphia merchant: the diary of Thomas P. Cope, 1800-1851, Eliza Cope Harrison (editor) ed. ↵ ↵

Corneille, Pierre, La Place Royale ou L'Amoureux extravagant, 1637.

Corneille, Pierre, Théodore, vierge et martyre : tragédie chrétienne, 1646.

Cowley, Hannah. The Runaway (1813). ↵

Crashaw, Richard, ed. J.R. Tutin (editor). The Poems of Richard Crashaw. Muses Library Edition: (1900). ↵

Creeley, Robert A counterpoint in For Love: Poems 1950-1960 (1962). ↵

崔西．雪佛蘭。《戴珍珠耳環的少女》。台北：皇冠，2003。

Dallas, George Mifflin. Unpublished letter cited in Russell F. Weigley (editor), Nicholas B. Wainwright (editor), Edwin Wolf (editor) eds. Philadelphia: A 300 Year History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1982, p. 349. ↵

Danhauser, Adolphe-Leopold, Théorie de la musique, 1872.

Darwin, Charles. Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's ships Adventure and Beagle... volume 3 : Journal and Remarks (The Voyage of the Beagle), chap 3. 1839. ↵

Daudet, Alphonse, Les contes du lundi, 1873.

Davenant, William. The vvitts. A comedie, presented at the private house in Blacke Fryers, by his Majesties servants. The author VVilliam D'avenant, servant to Her Majestie. London, 1636. [STC S109311] ↵

De Nutrimento et Nutribili, Tractatus 1, fol 217r col b of Merton College Oxford MS O.2.1; in Parkes (1969) pl. 16. ↵

Dean of Sarum Churchwardens' presentments, 1731, Hurst; Wiltshire Record Office; transcribed by Donald A. Spaeth. ↵

Defoe, Daniel. The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders (1722). ↵

Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe (1719). ↵

Defoe, Daniel. Journal of the Plague Year. London (1722). ↵ ↵

Dekker, Thomas and Thomas Middleton. The Honest Whore, Part One (1604). ↵

Deloney, Thomas. Thomas of Reading or the Sixe Worthie Yeomen of the West (1612). ↵

Dennery, Annie. Du mélos à la note : Les notations musicales au Moyen Age, Médiévales, n° 3 1983.

Dickens, Charles. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, Chapman and Hall, (1843), p. 5, p. 12. ↵ ↵

Dickens, Charles. Little Dorrit, (1857). ↵

Dickinson, Emily. 1755 In Arthur Eastman (editor) et al. eds. The Norton Anthology of Poetry, New York: W.W. Norton, 1970, p.859. ↵ ↵

Diderot, Denis, Lettres à Sophie Volland, 26 sept. 1762.

〈第三屆第一次大會第一次會議記錄〉，臺灣省諮議會。

Disraeli, Benjamin. Coningsby (1844), preface. ↵

Doyle, Arthur Conan. The Red-headed league. In The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892). ↵

Doyle, Arthur Conan. The Original Illustrated Sherlock Holmes, Castle Books, 1989. ↵

Drawing of a leaden plaque bearing an inquiry by Hermon from the oracular precinct at Dodona. Catalogue no 725; LSAG 230.13. Image from http://poinikastas.csad.ox.ac.uk/ ↵

Dubois, Jacques, Nyssen, Hubert (dir. de collection), Babel, Actes sud,1989-....

Dubois, Jean, Dictionnaire de linguistique, 1974.

Dudo of St Quentin. De moribus et actis primorum Normannie ducum, fol 4v of British Library MS Harley 3742; in Parkes (1969) pl 6(i). ↵

Dufournaud, Nicole, Numérisation des Titres de famille, édition électronique, 2002.

Duhamel, Georges, Chronique des Pasquier, 1933-1945.

Dutt, Toru. Lakshman In Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan, Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., (1882) ↵

Dylan, Bob. All Along the Watchtower In John Wesley Harding (1967). ↵

Dylan, Bob. Positively 4th Street In Highway 61 Revisited (1965). ↵

Eddic poems, in Reykjavík, Landsbókasafn Íslands, Lbs 1562 4to. ↵

Editorial, .EXE magazine, 6.11 (1992), p. 2. ↵

Eliot, George. Middlemarch (1871), I.1. ↵ ↵

Eliot, George. Middlemarch (1871), I.XXI. ↵

Eliot, George. Daniel Deronda (1876), III.1. ↵

Eliot, Thomas Stearns. The waste land: a facsimile and transcript of the original drafts including the annotations of Ezra Pound, Eliot, Valerie (editor) ed. Faber and Faber Ltd. (1971), p. 37. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 (Second Edition). Editors Erik Dahlström (editor), Jon Ferraiolo (editor), 藤沢 淳 (editor), Anthony Grasso (editor), Dean Jackson (editor), Chris Lilley (editor), Cameron McCormack (editor) Doug Schepers (editor), Jonathan Watt (editor) and Patrick Dengler (editor). World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) (22 June 2010). Available from https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/.

Ernaux, Annie, Se perdre, 1988.

Ernaux, Annie, L'usage de la photo, 2005.

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Fallet , René, Le Triporteur, 1951.

Field, Syd Screenplay: the Foundations of Screenwriting (1998). ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Fielding, Henry. The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and his Friend, Mr. Abraham Abrams (1742). ↵

Fielding, Henry. Tragedy of Tragedies, (1737). ↵

Fish, Stanley. Is there a text in this class? The authority of interpretive communities. Harvard University Press (1980). ↵ ↵ ↵

Fisher, M. F. K. I Was Really Very Hungry In As They Were, Knopf (1982), p. 43. ↵

FitzGerald, Edward. The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, translated into English Verse (1859), stanza 25. ↵

Flaubert, Gustave, Salammbô, 1862.

Flaubert, Gustave, La Tentation de saint Antoine, 1874.

Foley James D., Andries van Dam, Steven K. Feiner and John F. Hughes. Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice, 2nd edition Reading: Addison-Wesley, p.259. ↵

Forster, E.M., Howards End. Edward Arnold. (1910). ↵

France inter, Là-bas si j'y suis, consulté le 07-05-2010.

France inter, Le téléphone sonne, consulté le 07-05-2010.

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Fry, Christopher, The firstborn (1948). ↵

福春嫁女

Fussell, Paul (editor). The Norton Book of Travel. W. W. Norton (1987). ↵

Galilei, Galileo, Sidereus Nuncius, Venetiis: Apud Thomam Baglionum, 1610, quoted by Tufte, Edward R., Envisioning Information, Cheshire: Graphics Press (1990), p. 97. ↵

Galland, Antoine,Les Mille et une nuits, 1704.

Galsworthy, John, Strife. In Plays, vol 1. (1909). ↵

Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn. The Grey Woman, MS. ↵ ↵

Gavioli, Laura and Gillian Mansfield. The PIXI corpora: bookshop encounters in English and Italian, Bologna: Cooperativa Libraria Universitaria Editrice (1990), p.74. ↵

Gay, John. The Beggar's Opera (1728). ↵ ↵

Gazdar, Gerald and Mellish, Christopher. Natural language processing in Prolog. Addison-Wesley (1989), p.5. ↵ ↵

Gazdar, Gerald, Ewan Klein, Geoffrey Pullum, and Ivan Sag: Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, Harvard University Press (1985). ↵

Gershwin, Ira By Strauss (from An American in Paris, 1953). ↵

Gianfraco Contini (editor), Poeti del Duecento, Milano-Napoli:Ricciardi I, (1960). pp 155-64. ↵

Gibbon, Edward, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, (1789), chapter 58. ↵ ↵

Gide, André, Le Journal des Faux-Monnayeurs, 1927.

Gide, André, Journal : 1889-1939, 1939.

Gilbert, William Schwenck and Sullivan, Arthur. HMS Pinafore (1878), I. ↵ ↵

Gilbert, William Schwenck and Sullivan, Arthur. The Mikado (1885). ↵

Ginsberg, Allen. My alba, Reality Sandwiches, San Francisco: City Lights, (1963). ↵

Giono, Jean, Regain, 1930.

Giraudoux, Jean, La guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu, 1935.

Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle, 1881.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, tr. Philip Wayne (editor). Faust, Part 1, London: Penguin. (1949). ↵

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Auf dem See (1775). ↵

[Goldsmith, Oliver], The History of Little GOODY TWO-SHOES; Otherwise called, Mrs. MARGERY TWO-SHOES... (Printed for J. Newbery, 1766). ↵

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Graves, Robert. Rough draft of letter to Desmond Flower. 17 Dec 1938. (from Diary of Robert Graves 1935-39 and ancillary materials, compiled by Beryl Graves, C.G. Petter, L.R. Roberts, University of Victoria Libraries). ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Greene, Robert. Groatsworth of Wit Bought with a Million of Repentance (1592). ↵

Gregory of Tours. Ecclesiastical History of the Franks (translated by Lewis Thorpe). ↵ ↵

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Hall, Radclyffe. The well of loneliness. (1928). ↵

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Hannam's last farewell to the world:: being a full and true relation of the notorious life and shamfull death of Mr. Richard Hannam... (1656).

Hansberry, Lorraine. A raisin in the sun. (1959). ↵

Harvey, Gabriel. Four letters and certain sonnets specially touching Robert Greene... (1592). ↵ ↵

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《紅樓夢》第六回：賈寶玉初試云雨情 劉姥姥一進榮國府

〈紅頭嶼踏查報告〉，國立台灣大學圖書館：田代文庫。

Hoola Van Nooten, BertheFleurs, fruits et feuillages choisis de l'île de Java peints d'après nature, troisième édition par C. Muquardt, Bruxelles, 1880.

Hornby, A.S. et al (editor). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. Oxford University Press (1974).

黃晨淳編著，《希臘羅馬神話故事》，p76。

Hugo, Victor, Notre-Dame de Paris, 1845.

Souvenir de la nuit du 4, in : Hugo, Victor, Les Contemplations, 1853.

Hugo, Victor, Les Misérables, 1862.

A la fenêtre pendant la nuit, in : Hugo, Victor , Les Contemplations, 1856.

Huizinga, Johan, L'Automne du Moyen-Âge, 1919.

ISO 690:1987: Information and documentation – Bibliographic references – Content, form and structure clause 4.1 , p.2. ↵

ISO 24611:2012 Language resource management — Morpho-syntactic annotation framework (MAF). International Organization for Standardization. 2012.

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Ibsen, Henrik Den episke Brand KBK Collin 2869, 4º I, fol. 11v. ↵

Ibsen, Henrik Digte NBO Ms.4º 1110a, p. 36. ↵

Ibsen, Henrik Brand, The Royal Library, Denmark. KBK Collin 262, 4°, I.1.1, fol. [4]v ↵

Ibsen, Henrik, tr. R. Farquharson Sharp (editor) and Eleanor Marx-Aveling. (editor) A Doll's House In A Doll's House; and Two Other Plays by Henrik Ibsen, Everyman's library: the drama 494, London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1910. ↵

Idle, Eric, Michael Palin, Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam. The Complete Monty Python's Flying Circus: All the Words, Pantheon Books, (1989), 2 , p.230. ↵

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羅貫中，《三國演義》。

Jakacki, Diane. Schema question: further constraining @subtype based on @type. January 18, 2021. TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) public discussion list, https://listserv.brown.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=TEI-L;b092ac32.2101. ↵

Jarry, Alfred, tr. Simon Watson Taylor (editor) and Cyril Connolly (editor). The Ubu plays, London: Methuen, 1968. ↵

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Les confessions vol 6

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Joachim Heinrich CampeWörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache. Erster Theil. A - bis - E., 1807.

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King, Martin Luther. Letter from Birmingham City Jail. Philadelphia, PA: American Friends Service Committee (1963). ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

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Kipling, Rudyard. Stalky & Co., London: Macmillan (1899). ↵ ↵ ↵

Kipling, Rudyard. Kim, Macmillan, (1901), p. 9. ↵

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La Fayette, Marie-Madeleine Pioche de La Vergne, comtesse de, La Princesse de Clèves, 1678.

La Fontaine, Jean de. L'Astrologue qui se laisse tomber dans un puits In Fables Choisies, Classiques Larousse, Paris: Librairie Larousse, 1, 1940. ↵

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Langendoen, D. Terence and Paul Postal. The vastness of natural languages, Blackwell, , 1, 1984. ↵

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Latin liturgical manuscript: Bod MS. Lat liturg. b. 19, folio 4r. Taken from the digitized image described at https://www.diamm.ac.uk/sources/522/. ↵

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Lawrence, David Herbert. Autograph manuscript of Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani, Pierpont Morgan MA 1892; in Klinkenborg and Cahoon (1981) p.129. ↵

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Le Grand Robert de la langue française, 2004.

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Lennon, John and McCartney, Paul. She Loves You. The Beatles Anthology 1. Capitol, 1995. ↵

Léry, Jean de, Histoire faict en la terre de Brésil, 1580.

Lessing, Doris. Martha Quest. 1952, pp. 52-53. ↵

Letter of Mikołaj Orlik to Mikołaj Serafin, Gródek, January 13 [1438]. Edited by Skolimowska et al. (editor) Available from https://teipublisher.com/exist/apps/serafin/letters/serafin02.xml ↵ ↵

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Lewis, Wyndham. Tarr (1928), Jupiter, 1968, p. 17. ↵

李白，《黃鶴樓送孟浩然之廣陵》。

李白，《靜夜思》。

《梁山伯與祝英台》

電影《梁山伯與祝英台》，舊版。

〈歷代漢文大藏經概述〉，李圓淨，原載《南行》第六期（南行學社編印）。

Libelt, Karol. Wykłady Humboldta na uniwersytecie Berlińskim: notaty prelekcyj tych po uczniu Jego Karolu Libelcie, Deutsches Textarchiv, 2024-04-02. urn:nbn:de:kobv:b4-30960-7, https://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/download_xml/libelt_hs6623ii_1828 ↵

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林覺民，《與妻訣別書》。

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劉康，《對話的喧囂：巴赫汀文化理論評述》，台北：麥田，2005，二版。

劉康，《對話的喧聲：巴赫汀文化理論述評》，台北：麥田，2005，頁20-23。

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Harlow, Essex: Longman (1978).

Lorris, Guillaume de et Meun, Jean deLe Roman de la Rose, 1230, 1270-1285.

Lowe, David. Lost Chicago, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, (1978), p.30. ↵

Lowell, Amy. Autumn haze.(1919). ↵

Lucie Lichtig, M. Klein de Joseph Losey : script, . l'Avant-scène cinéma, n° 175, nov. 1976.

Luther, Martin [tr]. Die gantze Heilige Schrifft Deudsch, Wittenberg 1545. Letzte zu Luthers Lebzeiten erchienene Ausgabe, hsg. Hans Volz unter Mitarbeit von Heinz Blanke. Textredaktion Friedrich Kur, München: Rogner & Bernhard, 1972. ↵

《論語》卷七：憲問第十四。

羅貫中，《三國演義》。

魯迅，《狂人日記 》。

魯迅，《狂人日記》。

魯迅，《狂人日記》。

MacNeice, Louis. The Sunlight on the Garden In E.R. Dodds, (editor) The collected poems of Louis MacNeice, London: Faber, 1966. ↵ ↵

Examples from MacWhinney, Brian, 88, 87, cited by Johansson, S. The approach of the Text Encoding Initiative to the encoding of spoken discourse In Leech, G. (editor), G. Myers (editor), J. Thomas (editor) eds. Spoken English on Computer: Transcription, Markup and Applications. Harlow: Longman, 1995. ↵

Madan, Falconer, et al, A summary catalogue of western manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford which have not hitherto been catalogued ... Oxford, 1895-1953. 5: 515. (Cited in Driscoll, M.J. P5-MS: A general purpose tagset for manuscript description in Digital Medievalist: 2.1, (2006)) ↵ ↵ ↵

Maingeneau, Dominique, Analyser les textes de communication, 2007.

Any issue of the Malawi Daily Times. ↵

Malle, Louis, Zazie dans le métro : script, l'Avant-scène cinéma, n° 104, juin 1970.

Manuélian, Hélène, Schang, Emmanuel, XML, DTD et TEI pour un dictionnaire étymologique des créoles, édition électronique, 12 Octobre 2007.

The Manere of Good Lyuynge: fol. 126v of Bodleian MS Laud Misc 517; in Parkes (1969), p.8. ↵

Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch, 137 (1803), rpt. In H. S. Commager (editor), ed., Documents of American History, 5th ed Crofts American history series. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1949, p.192. ↵

Marvell, Andrew. An Horatian Ode, Bod. MS Eng. Poet d.49. ↵

Mauriac, Claude, La Marquise sortit à cinq heures, 1961.

Mauss, Marcel, Sociologie et anthropologie, 1950.

McCarthy, Niall, No Parachute: The Highest Falls People Survived, Statista, November 18, 2020. https://www.statista.com/chart/19708/known-occasions-where-people-survived-falls/. ↵

McCarty, Willard. Introduction in Collaborative Research in the Digital Humanities: A volume in honour of Harold Short on the occasion of his 65th birthday, September 2010, ed. Marilyn Deegan (editor) and Willard McCarty (editor). London: Ashgate (2012). ↵

Melville, Herman, Moby Dick. (1851). ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Mendès-France, Pierre, Œuvres complètes, 1984-1985.

《孟子》〈三十三〉。

Miller, Henry. Death of a Salesman in Atkinson, Brooks, (editor) New Voices in the American Theatre, New York: Modern Library, 1955, p.113. ↵

Milne, A. A. The House at Pooh Corner. London: Methuen & Co., 1928, p. 83. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Milton, John. Paradise Lost: A poem in X books (1667), I, 1-10. ↵

Milton, John. Poems of Mr John Milton, both English and Latin... (1645). ↵

Molière, L'École des femmes,1663.

Molière, Le Médecin malgré lui, 1667.

Molière, Le Médecin volant, 1673.

Montaigne, Michel de, Essais, 1592.

Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de la Brède et de, Lettres persanes, 1721.

Montherlant, Henry de , Pitié pour les femmes, 1936.

Moore, George. Autograph manuscript of Memoirs of my dead life, Pierpont Morgan MA 3421; in Klinkenborg and Cahoon (1981) ↵

Moore, Thomas. Autograph manuscript of the second version of Lalla Rookh, Pierpont Morgan MA 310; in Klinkenborg and Cahoon (1981) 23. ↵ ↵

Moreland, Floyd L. and Rita M. Fleischer. Latin: An Intensive Course, (1977) p.53. ↵ ↵

Des Minnesangs Frühling, Moser, Hugo (editor), Helmut Tervooren (editor) eds. 36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage I Texte, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel Verlag, 1977. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Mošin, Vladimir A. Anchor Watermarks. Amsterdam: Paper Publications Society (Labarre Foundation), 1973. Monumenta Chartæ Papyraceæ Historiam Illustrantia; v. 13. ↵

Mréjen, Valérie, Eau sauvage, 2004.

Zuigan calls himself "Master". Mumon Ekai. (In The Gateless Gate, Case 12.) ↵ ↵

Mustafa Siddik Altinakar (editor), René Walther (editor) (éds.), Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les canaux à géométrie simple , 2008.

Mégnin, Michel (editor) (éd.), Tunis 1900 Lehnert & Landrock photographes,2005.

Nabokov, Vladimir Pnin (1953) , p.14 ↵

The New Penguin English Dictionary. London: Penguin Books (1986). ↵

Derived from New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council. Nga Korero Paramete: 1881-1885 (New Zealand Electronic Text Collection). 2008 Wellington, New Zealand. https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tei-source/NZPaV01NgaK.xml. ↵

Njal's saga. tr. Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Palsson (editor). Penguin. (1960), chapter 12, p.60. ↵

O'Casey, Sean. Time to go (1951). ↵ ↵ ↵

Ollagnier, Jeanne, Main, 2008.

Herodotus. On Libya, from the Histories. ↵

[Letter of Capt. E. Hopkins. Providence, 10 Sep 1764]

"[I am a curse]" in Original Manuscript Drafts for the Song of Myself, Collection MSS3829, part of the Papers of Walt Whitman, Clifton Waller Barrett Library of American Literature, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia. ↵

Ormesson, Jean d', La Douane de mer, 1993.

Orwell, George. Nineteen-Eighty-Four. London: Gollancz (1949). ↵

大隅亜希子. 1996. 律令制下における権衡普及の実態: 海産物の貢納単位を中心として. 史論 49 . pp. 22–44. http://id.nii.ac.jp/1632/00015761/. ↵

Owen, Wilfred. Dulce et decorum est, from autograph manuscript in the English Faculty Library, Oxford University. ↵

Owenson, Sydney. The Wild Irish Girl. Ed. Kathryn Kirkpatrick (editor). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 17. ↵

擺夷文經，中央研究院歷史語言研究所 。

Pascal, Blaise, Le Mémorial, in Pensées,1670.

Payne, J. Report on the compatibility of J P French's spoken corpus transcription conventions with the TEI guidelines for transcription of spoken texts, Working Paper, Dec 1992, NERC WP8/WP4 122. ↵

Peacock, Thomas Love. Gryll Grange (1861), chapter 1. ↵ ↵ ↵

Pennac, Daniel , La Petite marchande de prose, 1978.

Perec, Georges, Espèces d'espaces, 1974.

Perec, Georges, La Vie mode d'emploi : romans, 1978.

Perec, Georges , Les Choses, 1965.

Partial family tree for Bertrand Russell based on an example in Pereira, Fernando C.N. and Stuart M. Shieber, Prolog and Natural Language Analysis, Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information. (1987), p.22. ↵

Pernoud, Régine, La Femme au temps des Cathédrales, 1982.

Perreault, Simon, vCard Format Specification Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) (2011). https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6350.

Petit Larousse en Couleurs. Paris: Larousse, (1990).

Philipott, Thomas Poems. (1646). ↵

Pinsky, Robert. Essays on Psychiatrists in Sadness and Happiness (1975). ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Pix, Mary. The False Friend (1699). ↵

Plautus, Titus Macchius. Asinaria, or the Comedy of Asses. Edited and translated by Wolfgang de Melo. Loeb Classical Library 60. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (2011). ↵

Plautus, Titus Macchius. Menaechmi. ↵ ↵

Polac, Michel, Un fils unique : script, l'Avant-scène cinéma, n° 99, janvier. 1970.

Pope, Alexander. The Rape of the Lock (1714) III.7. ↵

Pope, Alexander. An Essay on Criticism (1711). ↵ ↵ ↵

Pope, Alexander. Dunciad Variorum (1729), III.284. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

From letter 'JK' found in Poulson's Daily Advertiser, 8 Oct 1835. ↵

Proust, Marcel, A la recherche du temps perdu : Du côté de chez Swann, 1913.

Queneau, Raymond. Exercices de style. Paris: Gallimard, (1947), p. 192. ↵ ↵ ↵

瓊瑤，《還珠格格》。

Queneau, Raymond , Journaux, 1914-1965.

Rabelais, François. Gargantua Lyon, 1542

Rabelais, François Tiers livre des faictz et dictz Heroïques du noble Pantagruel... (1546), adapted from the website at http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/Epistemon/

Renard, Jules, Journal : 1887-1910, 1910.

Reference from the bibliography in Reps, Thomas William and Teitelbaum, Tim eds. The Synthesizer Generator: A system for constructing language-based editors, New York and Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989, p.304. ↵

日本法隆寺貝葉心經 (Wikipedia Sept 2008).

Richardson, Samuel. Clarissa; or the History of a Young Lady (1748), 2 Letter XIV. ↵ ↵

Robert, Paul (editor). Le Petit Robert. Paris: Dictionnaires Le Robert (1967).

Rohmer, Eric, Ma nuit chez Maud : script, l'Avant-scène cinéma, n°98, 2001.

Romains, Jules, Knock, 1923.

Rostand, Edmond, Cyrano de Bergerac, 1898.

Roubaud, Jacques, La Boucle, 1993.

Rowling, J. K. The Sorting Hat. In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, New York: Scholastic, Inc. (1999), chapter 7 , p. 121. ↵

The Saga of the Volsungs: the Norse epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer. trans. Jesse L. Byock (editor). University of California Press (1990). ↵ ↵

Le Sanctoral du lectionnaire de l'office dominicain (ms. Rome, Sainte-Sabine XIV L 1, f.142r et 189r-230v, Ecclesiasticum officium secundum ordinem fratrum praedicatorum), édition électronique par l'Ecole nationale des chartes (editor), d'après l'édition d'Anne-Élisabeth Urfels-Capot (editor) (Paris : Ecole nationale des chartes, 2007).

崎山理. 1985 インドネシア語. 講座日本語学 11. 外国語との対照II. 東京:明治書院 61-80 ↵

三毛，〈沙漠中的飯店〉，《撒哈拉的故事》。

《三家詩鈔》，華培昌，藏於國家圖書館。

Sapir, Edward. Language: an introduction to the study of speech, New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1921, p.79. ↵ ↵

Shakespeare William, Richard III, 1597.

Shakespeare, William. Henry V In Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies, London: Jaggard and Blount, 1623. ↵

Shakespeare, William. Henry V In The Works of Shakespeare in seven volumes, ed. Lewis Theobald (editor), London: Bettesworth, Hitch, Tonson et al, (1733). ↵

Shakespeare, William. Antony and Cleopatra, IV.4, 14-21. ↵

Shakespeare, William. Merchant of Venice, I.ii, speech 5 (Portia).

Shakespeare, William. Macbeth, Act V, Scene 1. ↵

Shakespeare, William. Antony and Cleopatra (1623), V. ii. ↵

Shakespeare, William. Hamlet In Stanley Wells (editor) and Gary Taylor (editor) eds. The Complete Works, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986, I.i. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Shakespeare, William. Hamlet, London:Valentine Simmes. (1603), I.i. ↵

Shakespeare, William. The Tempest In Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies, London: Jaggard and Blount, (1623). ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Shakespeare, William. Twelfth Night, or What you Will In Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies, London: Jaggard and Blount, (1623). ↵ ↵

Shakespeare, William, The Sonnets (1609), 18. ↵

Shakespeare, William, The Sonnets (1609), 130. ↵

莎士比亞，《終成眷屬 》。

莎士比亞，《馬克白》。

Sharing Ancient Wisdoms, 2013, available: http://www.ancientwisdoms.ac.uk/. ↵

Shaw, George Bernard. Heartbreak House: a fantasia in the Russian manner on English themes (1919). ↵

Shaw, George Bernard. Pygmalion, 1913. ↵

Shields, David. Dead Languages, HarperCollins Canada/Perennial Rack, rpt. 1990, p.10. ↵

Sinclair, John (editor) ed. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary. London and Glasgow: Collins, (1987), p. 337 s.v. croissant. ↵

京劇《四郎探母》，1947年梅蘭芳演出。

Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, London. (1776), index to vol. 1. ↵ ↵

Smith, Sydney. Autograph letter. In Pierpont Morgan library; Klinkenborg and Cahoon (1981) 11. ↵

Smith, William. A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology, and Geography, Partly Based Upon the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1860, 1026. ↵

Southey, Robert. Autograph manuscript of The Life of Cowper. In Pierpont Morgan MA 412 (Klinkenborg and Cahoon (1981) 15). ↵

Soyinka, Akinwande Oluwole Wole. Madmen and Specialists, London: Methuen (1971). ↵ ↵

Spenser, Edmund. The Faerie Queene: Disposed into twelue bookes, Fashioning XII. Morall vertues. (1596). ↵ ↵

Sterne, Laurence. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. (1760). ↵ ↵ ↵

Stow, John A survey of the cities of London and Westminster: containing the original, antiquity, increase, modern estate and government of those cities. Written at first in the year MDXCVIII. By John Stow, citizen and native of London. ... Now lastly, corrected, improved, and very much enlarged: ... by John Strype, ... In six books. ... (London c.1525 - London 1605). ↵

Sudetic, Chuck Serbs Tighten Grip On Eastern Bosnia. New York Times, April 20, 1992. ↵

SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography. https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex. Accessed March 25th, 2020. ↵

Sutherland, L.S. (editor) and L.G. Mitchell (editor) eds. The Eighteenth century, The History of the University of Oxford V, p.178. ↵

蘇童，《妻妾成群》。

蘇軾，《定風波》。

Swift, Jonathan. Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver... (1735). ↵ ↵

Swift, Jonathan. Law is a bottomless pit, or the history of John Bull (1712). ↵

Swinburne, Algernon Charles. Poems and Ballads (First Series). London: Chatto & Windus. (1904). ↵

Swinnerton, Frank Arthur. The Georgian Literary Scene 1910-1935, 1938, London: J. M. Dent, p. 195. ↵

台灣，《結婚入盟誓》，1997年5月。

台灣區三碼與三加二碼郵遞區號

《台灣叢書》，伊能嘉矩著，藏於國立台灣大學圖書館。(http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155366 (Aug 2008)).

唐．白居易．琵琶行

Tasovac, T., Romary, L., Banski, P., Bowers, J., de Does, J., Depuydt, K., Erjavec, T., Geyken, A., Herold, A., Hildenbrandt, V., Khemakhem, M., Lehečka, B., Petrović, S., Salgado, A. and Witt, A. TEI Lex-0: A baseline encoding for lexicographic data.. Version 0.9.3. DARIAH Working Group on Lexical Resources., 2018 https://dariah-eric.github.io/lexicalresources/pages/TEILex0/TEILex0.html. ↵

Taylor, John The Cold Tearme or, The Frozen age, Or, The Metamorphosis of the Riuer of Thames. London, 1621. [STC (2nd ed.) 23910]. ↵ ↵

TEI Consortium Call for Papers - TEI 2022 Newcastle, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220516140643/https://conferences.ncl.ac.uk/tei2022/cfp/ ↵

The Castle of the Fly, in Russian Fairy Tales, translated by Norbert Guterman from the collections of Aleksandr Afanas'ev, illustrations by Alexander Alexeieff, folkloristic commentary by Roman Jakobson (New York: Pantheon Books, 1947, rpt. [n.d.]), p. 25. ↵

The Daily Telegraph, 21 Dec 1992. ↵

The Guardian, 26 Oct 1992, p. 2 ↵

The Guardian, 21 Dec 1992, p. 2. ↵

The Holy Bible, conteyning the Old Testament and the new... appointed to be read in Churches. (1611), Genesis 1:1. ↵ ↵

The Independent, 26 Oct 1775, headline.

Thurber, James. The 13 Clocks (1950). ↵

Tolkien, J. R. R. The Monsters and the Critics. London: George Allen & Unwin (1983). ↵

Townsend, Sue. The growing pains of Adrian Mole (1984), p.43. ↵

Trollope, Anthony. An Autobiography (1883). ↵

Trollope, Anthony. North America (1862). ↵

Truffaut, François et Gruault, Jean, Les deux Anglaises et le continent : script, l'Avant-scène cinéma, n° 121, nov. 1971.

Tufte, Edward R., Envisioning Information, Cheshire: Graphics Press. (1990). ↵ ↵

Ukraine Relief Fund UBS https://web.archive.org/web/20220307150159/https://www.ubs.com/global/en/ubs-society/philanthropy/optimus-foundation/ukrainerelief.html. ↵

United States Code Title 17, Section 107, found at http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#107. ↵

United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District et al.: 2005. 04cv2688, p. 33. Available from http://ncse.com/files/pub/legal/kitzmiller/highlights/2005-12-20_Kitzmiller_decision.pdf and transcribed at http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Kitzmiller_v._Dover_Area_School_District_et_al..

Valéry, Paul, Monsieur Teste, 1929.

Vergil (Publius Vergilius Naso). Aeneid, I.1. ↵ ↵ ↵

Verne, Jules, Cinq semaines en ballon, 1863.

Verne, Jules, La Chasse au météore, 1908.

Verne, Jules,Vingt mille lieues sous les mers, 1870.

Vinge, Vernor Across realtime ch 10 (1986). ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Viton de Saint-Allais, Nicolas , Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la noblesse de France, 1816.

Vóluspá recto of folio 5 of the unique manuscript of the Elder Edda. Codex Regius, ed. L. F. A. Wimmer and F. Jónsson (Copenhagen 1891). ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Wanklyn, M.D.G. (editor) et al. Gloucester Port Books, 1575-1765. Available from http://discover.ukdataservice.ac.uk/catalogue?sn=3218. ↵

Wanton, Joseph. Unpublished letter to Nicholas Brown and Co, 1761 Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice: Repository of Historical Documents. (http://library.brown.edu/cds/slaveryandjustice/). ↵

Warriner, John E. English Composition and Grammar (1988), p.280. ↵

Webster's Seventh Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, Mass. G. & C. Merriam Co. (1975).

魏飴，《小說鑑賞入門》，台北：萬卷樓，1999。

Weil, Simone, Lettres à Antonio Atarès, in Oeuvres complètes1988-.

Williams, Nigel. The Wimbledon Poisoner (1990), p. 204. ↵

Winock, Michel, Jeanne et les siens : récit, 2003.

Wölfflin, Heinrich, trans. Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie (editor) (1932). Principles of art history: the problem of the development of style in later art.. Originally published as Kunstgeschichtliche Grundbegriffe (1915). ↵

Woolf, Virginia. Mrs Dalloway (1925), p.64, p.65. ↵ ↵

Wordsworth, William. Scorn not the sonnet in Poetical Works (1827). ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Wordsworth, William. The Prelude (1850). ↵

Wrenn C. L. (editor) ed. Beowulf: with the Finnesburg fragment, London: Harrap (1953). ↵

吳承恩，《西遊記》。

Wycherley, William. The Country Wife (1675). ↵

夏宇，〈甜蜜的復仇〉，《備忘錄》。

蕭紅，《呼蘭河傳》。

幼莘貢俚賀曉濤之新婚賀詞

余秋雨

元曲。馬致遠，《天淨沙：秋思》。

張錯， 《西洋文學術與手冊》，台北：書林，2005。頁201。

珍．奧斯丁，《傲慢與偏見》。

中國青年守則

中國學位論文全文數據庫

周慧玲，《表演中國：女明星表演文化視覺政治1910-1945》，2004。

朱自清， 《憶》跋。

Zimman, Lal. Lal Zimman http://lalzimman.com/bio.html, accessed February 1, 2021. ↵

Zupko, Ronald Edward British Weights & Measures: A History from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 141-151. ↵

No source, made up for these Guidelines. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Example is copied from the source of these Guidelines. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Undetermined. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Previous Appendix F.1 Works Cited in Examples in these Guidelines

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TEI: Works Cited Elsewhere in the Text of these Guidelines⚓︎Appendix F.2 Works Cited Elsewhere in the Text of these Guidelines

Scott E. Fahlman "Joke" Conversation Thread in which the :-) Was Invented http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sef/Orig-Smiley.htm

Donald E. Knuth. Literate Programming, CSLI Lecture Notes 27 0-937073-80-6. 1992. Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information.

Renato G. Mazzolini. Colonialism and the Emergence of Racial Theories. 10.1017/9781107705647.032. Reproduction: Antiquity to the Present Day, Nick Hopwood (editor) Rebecca Flemming (editor) Lauren Kassell (editor)2018. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 361-374.

Gayle Rubin. The Traffic in Women: Notes on the ‘Political Economy’ of Sex. https://philpapers.org/archive/RUBtti.pdf Toward an Anthropology of Women, Rayna R. Reiter (editor)1975. New York: Monthly Review Press. pp. 157–210, 165.

A. G. Petty. English literary hands from Chaucer to Dryden, 1977. London: Edward Arnold. pp. 22–25.

Michael Beißwenger, Thomas Bartz, Angelika Storrer, Swantje Westpfahl. Tagset and guidelines for the PoS tagging of language data from genres of computer-mediated communication / social media, https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:mh39-50650 2015-09-13.

Michael Beißwenger, Harald Lüngen. CMC-core: a schema for the representation of CMC corpora in TEI, https://journals.openedition.org/corpus/4553 Corpus 20 (Special issue "Traitements, standardisation et analyse des corpus de communication médiée par les réseaux sociaux) Céline Poudat (editor)Ciara R. Wigham (editor)Loïc Liégeois (editor)2020.

Gerry and demolog. Blog comments to "Scheinzwerge oder Viele Probleme werden größer, wenn man sie anpackt (Griechenland)", https://scilogs.spektrum.de/wild-dueck-blog/scheinzwerge-oder-viele-probleme-werden-groesser-wenn-man-sie-anpackt-griechenland/ 29-30 July 2015. WILD DUECK BLOG, Gunter Dück. https://scilogs.spektrum.de/wild-dueck-blog/. SciLogs ↵ ↵

Jossi et al. (2006-): Talk:Eiffel (programming language)/Archive_1. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Eiffel_(programming_language)/Archive_1. English Wikipedia talk page, Wikimedia Foundation. ↵

MiszaBot I et al. (2011-): Talk:Astronomical object. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Astronomical_object. English Wikipedia talk page, Wikimedia Foundation. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

OnkelSchuppig et al. (2001-): Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie. URL: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie. German Wikipedia talk page, Wikimedia Foundation.

Mobile Communication Database 2 (MoCoDa2), Michael Beißwenger (editor) Evelyn Ziegler (editor) Marcel Fladrich (editor) Wolfgang Imo (editor) Katharina König (editor)visited 30 March 2022. https://db.mocoda2.de/c/home. ↵ ↵

Dortmund Chat Corpus, Angelika Storrer (editor) Michael Beißwenger (editor)2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10932/00-03B0-14FA-A8D0-0F01-F. ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵ ↵

Chanier Thierry, Poudat Céline, Sagot Benoit, Antoniadis Georges, Wigham Ciara R., Hriba Linda, Longhi Julien, Seddah Djamé. The CoMeRe corpus for French: structuring and annotating heterogeneous CMC genres, JLCL (Journal of Language Technology and Computational Linguistics) (Special issue on « Building And Annotating Corpora Of Computer-Mediated Discourse: Issues and Challenges at the Interface of Corpus and Computational Linguistics), 2014. http://www.jlcl.org/2014_Heft2/Heft2-2014.pdf. 2 pp. 1-31.

Louis Alexander Cotgrove (editor)Nottinghamer Korpus Deutscher YouTube-Sprache (The NottDeuYTSch Corpus), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11372/LRT-4806. ↵

Ciara Wigham, Thierry Chanier. Interactions between text chat and audio modalities for L2 communication and feedback in the synthetic world Second Life, 10.1080/09588221.2013.851702. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 2015. 23 (3) . ↵

Lou Burnard. Report of Workshop on Text Encoding Guidelines. Literary & Linguistic Computing 1988. 3.

Lou Burnard, C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen. The Design of the TEI Encoding Scheme. 10.1007/BF01830314. Computers and the Humanities 1995. 29 (1) p. 17–39. (Reprinted in Ide and Veronis (eds.) (1995), pp. 17-40)

Lou Burnard, Sebastian Rahtz. RelaxNG with Son of ODD, http://www.mulberrytech.com/Extreme/Proceedings/html/2004/Burnard01/EML2004Burnard01.pdf Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2004, 2004.

M. B. Parkes. English Cursive Book Hands 1250–1500, 1969. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

British Literary Manuscripts. Series 2: from 1800 to 1914, Verlyn Klinkenborg, Herbert Cahoon. 1981. New York: Pierpont Morgan Library.

Paul Grosso (editor) Eve Maler (editor) Jonathan Marsh (editor) Norman Walsh (editor)XPointer Framework, https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-framework/ 25 March 2003. W3C.

Paul Grosso (editor) Eve Maler (editor) Jonathan Marsh (editor) Norman Walsh (editor)XPointer element() Scheme, https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-element/ 25 March 2003. W3C.

XHTML™ 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition), https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml/ 26 January 2000. W3C.

Dave Ragget (editor) Arnaud Le Hors (editor) Ian Jacobs (editor)HTML 4.01 Specification, https://www.w3.org/TR/html401/ 24 December 1999. W3C.

David Carlisle (editor) Patrick Ion (editor) Robert Miner (editor) Nico Poppelier (editor)Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0 (Second edition), https://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/ 21 October 2003. W3C.

Paul V. Biron (editor) Ashok Malhotra (editor)XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, https://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/ 28 October 2004. W3C.

Anders Berglund (editor)Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.1, https://www.w3.org/TR/xsl11/ 5 December 2006. W3C.

James Clark (editor)XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0, https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt/ 16 November 1999. W3C.

Michael Kay (editor)XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 2.0, https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/ 23 January 2007. W3C.

Michael Kay (editor)XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 3.0, https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/ 8 June 2017. W3C.

Tim Bray (editor) Jean Paoli (editor) C. M. Sperberg-McQueen (editor) Eve Maler (editor) François Yergau (editor)Extensible Markup Language (XML) Version 1.0 (Fourth edition), https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/ 16 August 2006. W3C.

Bert Bos (editor) Tantek Çelik (editor) Ian Hickson (editor) Håkon Wium Lie (editor)Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1, https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/ 7 June 2011. W3C.

Håkon Wium Lie (editor) Bert Bos (editor)Cascading Style Sheets, Level 1, https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1/ 11 January 1999. W3C.

fantasai (editor) Koji Ishi (editor)CSS Writing Modes Level 3 (W3C Candidate Recommendation), https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/ 15 December 2015. W3C.

Simon Fraser (editor) Dean Jackson (editor) Edward O'Connor (editor) Dirk Schulze (editor)CSS Transforms Module Level 1 (W3C Working Draft), https://www.w3.org/TR/css-transforms/ 26 November 2013. W3C.

Frank Manola (editor) Eric Miller (editor) Brian McBride (editor)RDF 1.1 Primer, https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-primer/ 24 June 2014. W3C.

Jonathan Marsh (editor) Richard Tobin (editor)XML Base (Second Edition), https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlbase/ 28 January 2009. W3C.

James Clark (editor) Steve DeRose (editor)XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0, https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/ 16 November 1999. W3C.

Anders Berglund (editor) Scot Boag (editor) Mary F. Fernández (editor) Michael Kay (editor) Jonathan Robie (editor) Jérôme Siméon (editor)XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0, https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/ 23 January 2007. W3C.

Jonathan Robie (editor) Don Chamberlin (editor) Michael Dyck (editor) Jon Snelson (editor)XML Path Language (XPath) 3.0, https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-30/ 8 April 2014. W3C.

Jonathan Robie (editor) Michael Dyck (editor) Josh Spiegel (editor)XML Path Language (XPath) 3.1, https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-31/ 21 March 2017. W3C.

Tim Bray (editor) Dave Hollander (editor) Andrew Laymon (editor) Richard Tobin (editor)Namespaces in XML 1.0 (second edition), https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names/ 16 August 2006. W3C.

Eric van der Vlist. RELAX NG, http://books.xmlschemata.org/relaxng/page2.html 2004. O'Reilly.

A. Renear, E. Mylonas, D. Durand. Refining our notion of what text really is: the problem of overlapping hierarchies. Nancy Ide (editor) Susan Hockey (editor)Research in Humanities Computing, 1996. Oxford University Press.

Robert Sanderson (editor) Paolo Ciccarese (editor) Benjamin Young (editor)Web Annotation Data Model, https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/ 23 February 2017. W3C.

Robert Sanderson (editor) Paolo Ciccarese (editor) Benjamin Young (editor)Web Annotation Vocabulary, https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-vocab/ 23 February 2017. W3C.

The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0, https://www.unicode.org/ Unicode Consortium. 2006. Addison-Wesley Professional.

Addison Phillips (editor) Mark Davis (editor)Tags for Identifying Languages, RFC 4646. 2006. IETF.

Addison Phillips (editor) Mark Davis (editor)Matching of Language Tags, RFC 4647. 2006. IETF.

Mark Davis, Ken Whistler, Asmus Freytag. Unicode Character Database, https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UCD.html 2006. Unicode Consortium.

Fernando C. N. Pereira. Grammars and logics of partial information, 1987. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International. SRI International Technical Note 420.

Bob Carpenter. The logic of typed feature structures, 1992. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science 32.

Stuart Shieber. An Introduction to Unification-based Approaches to Grammar, CSLI Lecture Notes 4. 1986. Palo Alto, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information.

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition, 2002 revision, 2005 update. 2002–2005. Chicago, Ottawa: American Library Association. Canadian Library Association.

John Burrows. Computation into Criticism: A Study of Jane Austen's Novel and an Experiment in Method, 1987. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Klaus Mattheier (editor) Ulrich Ammon (editor) Peter Trudgill (editor)SociolinguisticsSoziolinguistikAn international handbook of the science of language and society, Ein internationales Handbuch zur Wissenschaft von Sprache und Gesellschaft, 1988. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter. I pp. 271 and 274.

J. A. Edwards (editor) M. D. Lampert (editor)Talking Language: Transcription and Coding of Spoken Discourse, 1993. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Asmus Freytag. The Unicode Character Property Model, Unicode Technical Report #23 https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr23/ 2006.

Mark Davis, Aharon Lanin, Andrew Glass. Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, Unicode Standard Annex #9 https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/ 2017-05-04. r. 37.

Stig Johansson. Encoding a Corpus in Machine-Readable Form. Sue Atkins (editor) Antonio Zampolli (editor)Computational Approaches to the Lexicon: An Overview, 1994. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Stig Johansson, Lou Burnard, Jane Edwards, And Rosta. Working Paper on Spoken Texts, TEI document TEI AI2 W1, 1991.

Brian MacWhinney. CHAT Manual, 1988. Pittsburgh: Dept of Psychology, Carnegie-Mellon University. pp. 87ff.

Bengt Loman, Nils Jørgensen. Manual for analys och beskrivning av makrosyntagmer, 1971. Lund: Studentlitteratur.

Robert A. Amsler, Frank W. Tompa. An SGML-Based Standard for English Monolingual Dictionaries. Information in TextFourth Annual Conference of the U[niversity of] W[aterloo] Centre for the New Oxford English Dictionary, (Fourth Annual Conference of the U[niversity of] W[aterloo] Centre for the New Oxford English Dictionary, October 26-28, 1988, Waterloo, Canada) October 1988. Waterloo, Canada. pp. 61-79.

N. Calzolari, C. Peters, A. Roventini. Computational Model of the Dictionary Entry: Preliminary ReportAcquilex: Esprit Basic Research Action No. 3030, Six-Month Deliverable, April 1990. Pisa.

John Fought, Carol Van Ess-Dykema. Toward an SGML Document Type Definition for Bilingual Dictionaries, TEI working paper TEI AIW20, available from the TEI..

Nancy Ide, Jean Veronis. Encoding Print Dictionaries. Computers and the Humanities 1995. 29 pp. 167-195.

Nancy Ide, Jacques Le Maitre, Jean Veronis. Outline of a Model for Lexical Databases. Information Processing and Management 1993. 29 (2) pp. 159-186.

Nancy Ide, Jean Veronis, Susan Warwick-Amstrong, Nicoletta Calzolari. Principles for Encoding machine readable dictionaries. Proceedings of the Fifth EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX'92, (Fifth EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX'92, University of Tampere, Finland) 1992.

The DANLEX Group. Descriptive tools for electronic processing of dictionary data. Lexicographica, Series Maior 1987. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Agnès Tutin, Jean Veronis. Electronic dictionary encoding: customizing the TEI Guidelines. Proceedings of the Eighth Euralex International Congress, (Eighth Euralex International Congress) 1998.

N. Ide, A. Kilgarriff, L. Romary. A Formal Model of Dictionary Structure and Content. Proceedings of Euralex 2000, (Euralex 2000) 2000. Stuttgart. pp. 113-126.

William A. Gale, Kenneth W. Church. Program for aligning sentences in bilingual corpora. Computational Linguistics 1993. 19 pp. 75-102. ↵

G. N. Leech, R. G. Garside. Running a Grammar Factory. S. Johansson (editor) A.-B. Stenstrøm (editor)English Computer Corpora: Selected Papers and Research Guide, 1991. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter. Mouton. pp. pp. 15-32..

I. Marshall. Choice of Grammatical Word Class without Global Syntactic Analysis: Tagging Words in the LOB Corpus. Computers and the Humanities 1983. 17 pp. 139-50.

R. G. Garside, G. N. Leech, G. R. Sampson. The Computational Analysis of English: a Corpus-Based Approach, 1991. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gary Chartrand, Linda Lesniak. Graphs and Digraphs, 1986. Menlo Park, CA: Wadsworth.

R. Jackendoff. X-Bar Syntax: A study of phrase structure. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 1977. 2.

M. Kytö, M. Rissanen. The Helsinki Corpus of English Texts. M. Kytö (editor) O. Ihalainen (editor) M. Rissanen (editor)Corpus Linguistics: hard and soft, 1988. Amsterdam: Rodopi.

Steven DeRose. Markup overlap: a review and a horse. http://www.mulberrytech.com/Extreme/Proceedings/html/2004/DeRose01/EML2004DeRose01.html Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2004, 2004.

Andreas Witt. Multiple Informationsstrukturierung mit Auszeichnungssprachen. XML-basierte Methoden und deren Nutzen für die Sprachtechnologie, 2002. (Ph D thesis, Bielefeld University) (See also http://xml.coverpages.org/Witt-allc2002.html)

Mirco Hilbert, Oliver Schonefeld, Andreas Witt. Making CONCUR work. http://www.mulberrytech.com/Extreme/Proceedings/html/2005/Witt01/EML2005Witt01.xml Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2005, 2005.

Alex Dekhtyar, Ionut E. Iacob. A framework for management of concurrent XML markup, http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1104&context=csse_fac 2005.

H. V. Jagadish, Laks V. S. Lakshmanan, Monica Scannapieco, Divesh Srivastava, Nuwee Wiwatwattana. Colorful XML: one hierarchy isn't enough, http://web.archive.org/web/20150706093254/http://www2.research.att.com/~divesh/papers/jlssw2004-mct.pdf 2004.

Noureddine Chatti, Suha Kaouk, Sylvie Calabretto, Jean Marie Pinon. MultiX: an XML based formalism to encode multistructured documents. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.115.1525&rep=rep1&type=pdf Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2007, 2007.

Patrick Durusau, Matthew Brook O'Donnell. Coming down from the trees: next step in the evolution of markup?. Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2002, 2002.

Jeni Tennison, Wendell Piez. The layered markup and annotation language. Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages Conference, 2002.

Claus Huitfeldt, C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen. TexMECS: An experimental markup meta-language for complex documents, http://mlcd.blackmesatech.com/mlcd/2003/Papers/texmecs.html 2001.

D. Terence Langendoen, Gary F. Simons. A rationale for the TEI recommendations for feature-structure markup,. Computers and the Humanities 1995. 29 pp. 167-195.

British Standards Institute. BS 5605:1990: Recommendations for Citing and Referencing Published Material, 1990.

British Standards Institute. BS 6371:1983: Recommendations for Citation of Unpublished Documents, 1983.

Deutsches Institut für Normung. DIN 1505-2: Titelangaben von Dokumenten; Zitierregeln, 1984.

Die Deutsche Bibliothek. Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken RAK-WB, 2006.

International Organization for Standardization. ISO 690:1987: Information and documentation – Bibliographic references – Content, form and structure, 1987.

International Organization for Standardization. ISO 8601:2004: Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and times, 2004.

International Organization for Standardization. ISO 12620:2009: Terminology and other language and content resources – Specification of data categories and management of a Data Category Registry for language resources, http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=37243 2009.

International Organization for Standardization. ISO 19136:2007: Geographic information — Geography Markup Language (GML), 2006.

International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC 19757-3:2006: Information technology — Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) – Part 3: Rule-based validation – Schematron, 2006.

Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico. Regole italiane di catalogazione per autori, 1979.

National Information Standards Organization. ANSI/NISO Z39.29 – 2005 (R2010) Bibliographic References, 2010.

ISBD: International Standard Bibliographic Description, 2011. Berlin, München, De Gruyter Saur. IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control, 44.

Федеральное агентство по техническому регулированию и метрологии (РОССТАНДАРТ). ГОСТ Р 7.0.5-2008: Система стандартов по информации, библиотечному и издательскому делу. Библиографическая ссылка. Общие требования и правила составления, 2008.

Федеральное агентство по техническому регулированию и метрологии (РОССТАНДАРТ). ГОСТ 7.1—2003. Система стандартов по информации, библиотечному и издательскому делу. Библиографическая запись. Библоиграфическое описание. Общие требования и правила составления, 2003.

DCMI Usage Board. Dublin Core™ Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1: Reference Description, https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dces/ 2012-06-14.

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TEI: Reading List⚓︎Appendix F.3 Reading List

The following lists of readings in markup theory and the TEI derive from work originally prepared by Susan Schreibman and Kevin Hawkins for the TEI Education Special Interest Group, recoded in TEI P5 by Sabine Krott and Eva Radermacher. They should be regarded only as a snapshot of work in progress, to which further contributions and corrections are welcomed (see further http://www.tei-c.org/Support/Learn/tei_bibliography.xml).

Next Appendix F.3.2 TEI

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TEI: Theory of Markup and XML⚓︎Appendix F.3.1 Theory of Markup and XML

David T. Barnard, Lou Burnard, Jean-Pierre Gaspart, Lynne A. Price, C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen, Giovanni Battista Varile. Hierarchical Encoding of Text: Technical Problems and SGML Solutions. 10.1007/BF01830617. http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/ML/mlw18.ps Computers and the Humanities 1995. 29 (3) p. 211–231.

David T. Barnard, Lou Burnard, C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen. Lessons learned from using SGML in the Text Encoding Initiative. 10.1016/0920-5489(95)00035-6. Computer Standards & Interfaces 1996. 18 (1) p. 3–10.

Lou Burnard. What is SGML and how does it help?. http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/ED/EDW25/ Daniel Greenstein (editor)Modelling Historical Data: Towards a Standard for Encoding and Exchanging Machine-readable Texts, 1991. St Katherinen: Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte In Kommission bei Scripta Mercaturae Verlag. p. 81–91. Halbgraue Reihe zur Historischen Fachinformatik Herausg. von Manfred Thaller serie A 11. (Revised version published as Burnard (1995))

Lou Burnard. SGML on the Web: Too Little Too Soon or Too Much Too Late?. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/Belux/ Computers & Texts 1995. 15 p. 12–15.

Lou Burnard. What is SGML and How Does It Help?. 10.1007/BF01830315. http://xml.coverpages.org/burnardw25-index.html Computers and the Humanities 1995. 29 (1) p. 41–50. (Reprinted in Ide and Veronis (eds.) (1995), pp. 41-50)

Lou Burnard. Is Humanities Computing an Academic Discipline? or, Why Humanities Computing Matters, http://www.iath.virginia.edu/hcs/burnard.html http://www.iath.virginia.edu/hcs/ 1999. (Presented at an interdisciplinary seminar at the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia, November 1999.)

Lou Burnard. Using SGML for Linguistic Analysis: The Case of the BNC. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/papers/sgml96.sgm Markup Languages Theory and Practice 1999. Cambridge, Massachusettes: MIT Press. 2 p. 31–51. (Also published in Moser et al. (eds.) (2001), pp. 53–72)

Lou Burnard, Elizabeth Lalou, Peter Robinson. Vers un Standard Européen de Description des Manuscrits: Le Projet Master. Documents NumeriquesLes Documents Anciens 1999. Paris: Hermes Science Publications. 3 (1–2) pp. 151-169.

Lou Burnard. XML: The Dream and the Reality, http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/papers/euro99.xml 1999. (Closing plenary address at the XML Europe Conference, Granada, May 1999)

Lou Burnard, Claudia Claridge, Josef Schmied, Rainer Siemund. Encoding the Lampeter Corpus. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/papers/glasgie.xml DRH98: Selected Papers from Digital Resources for the Humanities, 2000. London: Office for Humanities Communication.

Lou Burnard. From Two Cultures to Digital Culture: The Rise of the Digital Demotic, http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/wip/twocults.html 2000. (Presented at CLIP, Alicante) (Published in Italian as Burnard (2001))

Lou Burnard. Dalle «Due Culture» Alla Cultura Digitale: La Nascita del Demotico Digitale. Translated by Federico PelliziIl VerriNella Rete 2001. Milano: Monogramma. 16 p. 9–22.

Lou Burnard. On the Hermeneutic Implications of Text Encoding. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/wip/herman.htm Domenico Fiormonte (editor) Jonathan Usher (editor)New Media and the Humanities: Research and Applications, 2001. Oxford: Humanities Computing Unit. p. 31–38.

Lou Burnard. Encoding Standards for the Electronic Edition. http://nl.ijs.si/e-zrc/bib/eziss-Burnard.pdf Matija Ogrin (editor)Znanstvene Izdaje in Elektronski MedijScholarly Editions and the Digital Medium, 2005. Ljubljana: Studia Litteraria ZRC ZAZU. p. 12–67.

Lou Burnard. Metadata for corpus work. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/wip/metadata.html Martin Wynne (editor)Developing Linguistic Corpora: A Guide to Good Practice, 2005. Oxford: Oxbow Books. p. 30–46.

Lou Burnard (editor) Katherine O'Brien O'Keefe (editor) John Unsworth (editor)Electronic Textual Editing, http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/ETE/ 2006. New York: Modern Languages Association.

Dino Buzzetti. Digital Representation and the Text Model. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/new_literary_history/v033/33.1buzzetti.html New Literary History 2002. 33 (1) p. 61–88.

Paul Caton. Markup's Current Imbalance. Markup Languages: Theory and Practice 2001. 3 (1) p. 1–13. (This paper was proceeded by reports at the Joint Annual Conference of the Association for Computers and the Humanities and the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing in 1999 (Charlottesville, Virginia) and Extreme Markup Languages 2000 (Montreal, Canada))

Ruey-Shun Chen, Shien-Chiang Yu. Developing an XML Framework for Metadata System. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=963653 Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Information and Communication Technologies, 2003. Dublin. p. 267–272. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series 49. (This paper was presented in a session entitled "Electronic Document Technology.")

James H. Coombs. Information Management System for Scholars, Technical Memorandum TM 69–2. 1986. Providence: Brown Computer Center.

James H. Coombs, Allen Renear, Steven J. DeRose. Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text Processing. 10.1145/32206.32209. http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs-hallgren.html http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html Communications of the ACM 1987. 30 (11) p. 933–947. (Reprinted with new commentary in Landow and Delany (eds.) (1993), pp 85–118)

Robin Cover. Markup Languages and (Non-) Hierarchies, http://xml.coverpages.org/hierarchies.html 2005. (Technology report from the Cover Pages)

Steven J. DeRose, David G. Durand, Elli Mylonas, Allen H. Renear. What is Text, Really?. Journal of Computing in Higher Education 1990. 1 (2) p. 3–26. (Republished (DeRose et al. (1997)) as a "classic reprint" with invited commentary and authors' replies in the ACM/SIGDOC)

Steven J. DeRose. Structured Information: Navigation, Access, and Control, http://xml.coverpages.org/deroseStructure.html 1995. (Paper presented at the Berkeley Finding Aid Conference, April 4–6, 1995)

Steven J. DeRose, David G. Durand, Elli Mylonas, Allen H. Renear. What is Text, Really?. 10.1145/264842.264843. Journal of Computer Documentation 1997. 21 (3) p. 1–24.

Charles F. Goldfarb. A Generalized Approach to Document Markup. http://users.nyct.net/~aray/notes/igm.html Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN SIGOA Symposium on Text Manipulation, 1981. New York: ACM. 68–73. (Adapted as "Annex A. Introduction to Generalized Markup" in ISO 8879)

Tony Graham. Unicode: What Is It and How Do I Use It?. Markup Languages: Theory & Practice 1999. 1 (4) p. 75.

Susan Hockey. Creating and Using Electronic Editions. Richard J. Finneran (editor)The Literary Text in the Digital Age, 1996. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 1–22.

Susan Hockey, Allen Renear, Jerome J. McGann. What is Text? A Debate on the Philosophical and Epistemological Nature of Text in the Light of Humanities Computing Research, http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/ach-allc.99/proceedings/hockey-renear2.html 1999. (Panel presented at ACH/ALLC 1999)

Susan Hockey. Electronic Texts in the Humanities, 2000. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Claus Huitfeldt. Multi-dimensional Texts in a One-dimensional Medium. 10.1007/BF01830270. Computers and the Humanities 1994. 28 (4/5) p. 235–241.

Claus Huitfeldt. Toward a Machine-Readable Version of Wittgenstein's Nachlaß: Some Editorial Problems. Hans Gerhard Senger (editor)Philosophische Editionen. Erwartungen an sie — Wirkungen durch sie, 1994. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. p. 37–43. Beihefte zu editio 6.

Nancy Ide (editor) Jean Veronis (editor)The Text Encoding Initiative: Background and Contexts, 1995. Dordrecht, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publisher.

Leslie Lamport. Document Production: Visual or Logical?. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/pubs.html#document-production Notices of the American Mathematical Society 1987. 34 p. 621–624. (Republished as Lamport (1988))

Leslie Lamport. Document Production: Visual or Logical?. http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb09-1/tb20lamport.pdf TUGboat 1988. 9 (1) pp. 8-10.

George P. Landow (editor) Paul Delany (editor)The Digital Word: Text-based Computing in the Humanities, 1993. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

John Lavagnino. Completeness and Adequacy in Text Encoding. Richard J. Finneran (editor)The Literary Text in the Digital Age, 1996. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 63–76.

Charles Lightfoot. Generic Textual Element Identification—A Primer, 1979. Arlington: Graphic Communications Computer Association.

Joshua Lubell. Structured Markup on the Web: A Tale of Two Sites. http://www.mel.nist.gov/msidlibrary/doc/mlang/markuplang.htm Markup Languages: Theory & Practice 1999. 1 (3) p. 7–22.

Tony McEnery, Lou Burnard, Andrew Wilson, Paul Baker. Validation of Linguistic Corpora, http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/wip/ELRA/WP3/ 1998. (Report commissioned by ELRA)

Jerome McGann. The Rationale of Hypertext. Kathryn Sutherland (editor)Electronic Text: Investigations in Method and Theory, 1997. New York, NY: Clarendon Press Oxford. p. 19–46.

Jerome McGann. Radiant Textuality: Literature After the World Wide Web, 2001. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillian.

Jerome McGann. Marking Texts of Many Dimensions. http://www.digitalhumanities.org/companion/ Susan Schreibman (editor) Ray Siemens (editor) John Unsworth (editor)A Companion to Digital Humanities, 2004. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 198–217.

Alan Morrison, Michael Popham, Karen Wikander. Creating and Documenting Electronic Texts: A Guide to Good Practice, http://ota.ox.ac.uk/documents/creating/cdet/ (no date).

Stephan Moser (editor) Peter Stahl (editor) Werner Wegstein (editor) Norbert Richard Wolf (editor)Maschinelle Verarbeitung Altdeutscher Texte V (Beiträge zum Fünften Internationalen Symposion, Würzburg, 4–6 März 1997), 2001. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Alois Pichler. Advantages of a Machine-Readable Version of Wittgenstein's Nachlaß. http://hdl.handle.net/1956/1875 Kjell S. Johannessen (editor) Tore Nordenstam (editor)Culture and Value: Philosophy and the Cultural Sciences. Beiträge des 18. Internationalen Wittgenstein Symposiums 13–20. August 1995 Kirchberg am Wechsel, 1995. Kirchberg am Wechsel: Die Österreichische Ludwig Wittgenstein Gesellschaft. p. 770–776.

Wendell Piez. Beyond the 'Descriptive vs. Procedural' Distinction. http://conferences.idealliance.org/extreme/html/2001/Piez01/EML2001Piez01.html B. Tommie Usdin (editor) Steven R. Newcomb (editor)Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2001: Montreal, Canada, 2001.

Michael Popham. What Is Markup and Why Does It Matter. Michael Popham (editor) Lorna Hughes (editor)Computers and Teaching in the Humanities: Selected Papers from the CATH94 Conference held in Glasgow University September 9th-12th 1994, 1996. Oxford: CTI Centre for Textual Studies.

Liam Quin. Suggestive Markup: Explicit Relationships in Descriptive and Prescriptive DTDs. https://www.holoweb.net/liam/papers/1996-sgml96-SuggestiveMarkup/ B. Tommie Usdin (editor) Deborah A. Lapeyre (editor)SGML'96 Conference Proceedings, 1996. Alexandria, VA: Graphic Communications Association. p. 405–418.

Darrell Raymond, Frank Tompa, Derick Wood. From Data Representation to Data Model: Meta-Semantic Issues in the Evolution of SGML. https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~fwtompa/.papers/sgml.ps, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0920548996000335, and http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1648954 Computer Standards & Interfaces 1996. 18 (1) p. 25–36.

Allen Renear, David Durand, Elli Mylonas. Refining our Notion of What Text Really Is: The Problem of Overlapping Hierarchies. http://cds.library.brown.edu/resources/stg/monographs/ohco.html Susan Hockey (editor) Nancy Ide (editor)Research in Humanities Computing 4: Selected Papers from the 1992 ALLC/ACH Conference, 1996. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 263–280.

Allen Renear. Out of Praxis: Three (Meta)Theories of Textuality. Kathryn Sutherland (editor)Electronic Text: Investigations in Method and Theory, 1997. New York, NY: Clarendon Press Oxford. p. 107–126.

Allen Renear. The Descriptive/Procedural Distinction is Flawed. Markup Languages: Theory and Practice 2000. 2 (4) p. 411–420.

Allen H. Renear, David Dubin, C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen. Towards a Semantics for XML Markup. 10.1145/585058.585081. Richard Furuta (editor) Jonathan I. Maletic (editor) Ethan V. Munson (editor)Proceedings of the 2002 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering, 2002. McLean, VA: Association for Computing Machinery. p. 119–126.

Allen H. Renear, Christopher Phillippe, Pat Lawton, David Dubin. An XML Document Corresponds to Which FRBR Group 1 Entity?. http://conferences.idealliance.org/extreme/html/2003/Lawton01/EML2003Lawton01.html B. Tommie Usdin (editor) Steven R. Newcomb (editor)Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2003: Montreal, Canada, 2003.

Allen H. Renear, David Dubin, C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen, Claus Huitfeldt. XML Semantics and Digital Libraries. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=827192 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE–CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, 2003. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. p. 303–305.

Allen H. Renear. Text Encoding. http://www.digitalhumanities.org/companion/ Susan Schreibman (editor) Ray Siemans (editor) John Unsworth (editor)A Companion to Digital Humanities, 2004. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 218–239.

Susanne Salmon-Alt. Data Structures for Etymology: Towards an Etymological Lexical Network. http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/11/09/71/PDF/etymology_final_bulag.pdf BULAG: revue internationale annuelleNuméro Etymologie 2006. Besançon: Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté. 31.

Susan Schreibman. Computer-mediated Texts and Textuality: Theory and Practice. 10.1023/A:1016178200469. Computers and the Humanities 2002. 36 (3) p. 283–293.

Susan Schreibman. The Text Ported. 10.1093/llc/17.1.77. Literary and Linguistic Computing 2002. 17 (1) p. 77–87.

SGML Users' Group. A Brief History of the Development of SGML, http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/sgmlhist.htm 1990.

Frank M. ShipmanIII, Catherine C. Marshall. Formality Considered Harmful: Experiences, Emerging Themes, and Directions on the Use of Formal Representations in Interactive Systems. 10.1023/A:1008716330212. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/~shipman/papers/cscw.pdf Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 1999. 8 (4) p. 333–352.

C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen, Claus Huitfeld. Concurrent Document Hierarchies in MECS and SGML. Literary and Linguistic Computing 1999. 14 (1) pp. 29-42.

C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen, Claus Huitfeldt. Concurrent document hierarchies in MECS and SGML. 10.1093/llc/14.1.29. Literary and Linguistic Computing 1999. 14 (1) p. 29–42.

C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen, Claus Huitfeldt, Allen H. Renear. Meaning and Interpretation in Markup. Markup Languages: Theory and Practice 2000. 2 (3) p. 215–234.

C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen, David Dubin, Claus Huitfeldt, Allen Renear. Drawing Inferences on the Basis of Markup. http://conferences.idealliance.org/extreme/html/2002/CMSMcQ01/EML2002CMSMcQ01.html B. Tommie Usdin (editor) Steven R. Newcomb (editor)Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2002: Montreal, Canada, 2002.

C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen. Rabbit/duck grammars: a validation method for overlapping structures. http://conferences.idealliance.org/extreme/html/2006/SperbergMcQueen01/EML2006SperbergMcQueen01.html Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2006, 2006.

Suzana Sukovic. Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text Encoding. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html D-Lib 2002. 8 (1) .

University of Nebraska — Lincoln Libraries. A Basic Guide to Text Encoding, http://cdrh.unl.edu/book/export/html/2428 2003.

John Unsworth. Scholarly Primitives: What Methods Do Humanities Researchers Have in Common, How Might Our Tools Reflect This?, http://people.brandeis.edu/~unsworth/Kings.5-00/primitives.html 2000. (Part of a Symposium on "Humanities Computing: Formal Methods, Experimental Practice" sponsored by King's College, London)

John Unsworth. Knowledge Representation in Humanities Computing, http://people.brandeis.edu/~unsworth/KR/ 2001. (Lecture I in the eHumanities NEH Lecture Series on Technology & the Humanities, Washington, DC, April 3, 2001)

Fabio Vitali, Luca Bompani, Paolo Ciancarini. Hypertext Functionalities with XML. Markup Languages: Theory & Practice 2000. 2 (4) p. 389.

Dennis G. Watson. Brief History of Document Markup, http://chnm.gmu.edu/digitalhistory/links/pdf/chapter3/3.19a.pdf 1992. (Circular 1086. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida)

Adriaan Weel. The Concept of Markup. https://docmh.com/adriaan-van-der-weel-digital-text-and-the-gutenberg-heritage-pdf Digital Text and the Gutenberg Heritage, (no date). chapter 3. (in preparation; draft only)

Christopher Welty, Nancy Ide. Using the Right Tools: Enhancing Retrieval from Marked-up Documents. 10.1023/A:1001800717376. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1001800717376 Computers and the Humanities 1999. 33 (1–2) p. 59–84.

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TEI: TEI⚓︎Appendix F.3.2 TEI

An Agreement to Establish a Consortium for the Maintenance of the Text Encoding Initiative, http://www.tei-c.org/About/consortium.html March 1999.

Syd Bauman. Tables of Contents TEI-style. Lou Burnard (editor)TEXT Technology: The Journal of Computer Text ProcessingElectronic Texts and the Text Encoding Initiative. A Special Issue of TEXT Technology 1995. Madison, SD: College of Liberal Arts, Dakota State University. 5 (3) p. 235–247.

Syd Bauman. Keying NAMEs: the WWP Approach. http://www.wwp.brown.edu/about/history/archive/newsletter/vol02num03/nameKey-home.html Brown University Women Writers Project Newsletter 1996. 2 (3) p. 3–6 p. 10–11.

Syd Bauman, Terry Catapano. TEI and the Encoding of the Physical Structure of Books. 10.1023/A:1001769103586. Computers and the Humanities 1999. 33 (1–2) p. 113–127.

Syd Bauman, Julia Flanders. Odd Customizations. http://conferences.idealliance.org/extreme/html/2004/Bauman01/EML2004Bauman01.html Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages 2004, 2004.

Syd Bauman. TEI HORSEing Around. http://conferences.idealliance.org/extreme/html/2005/Bauman01/EML2005Bauman01.html Proceedings of the Extreme Markup Languages 2005, 2005.

Malcolm B. Brown. What is the TEI?. Information Technology and Libraries 1994. 13 (1) p. 8.

Lou Burnard. The Text Encoding Initiative: A Progress Report. Gerhard Leitner (editor)New Directions in Corpus Linguistics, 1992. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Lou Burnard. Rolling your own with the TEI. Information Services and Use 1993. Amsterdam: IOS Press. 13 (2) p. 141–154.

Lou Burnard. The TEI: Towards an Extensible Standard for the Encoding of Texts. Seamus Ross (editor) Edward Higgs (editor)Electronic Information Resources and Historians, 1994. London: British Academy.

Lou Burnard. The Text Encoding Initiative: An Overview. Geoffrey Leech (editor) Greg Myers (editor) Jenny Thomas (editor)Spoken English on Computer: Transcription, Mark-up and Application, 1995. London: Longman.

Lou Burnard. The Text Encoding Initiative's Recommendations for the Encoding of Language Corpora: Theory and Practice, http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/wip/Soria/ 1997. (Prepared for a seminar on Etiquetación y extracción de información de grandes corpus textuales within the Curso Industrias de la Lengua (14–18 de Julio de 1997). Sponsored by the Fundacion Duques de Soria.)

Lou Burnard, Michael Popham. Putting Our Headers Together: A Report on the TEI Header Meeting 12 September 1997. 10.1023/A:1001710828622. Computers and the Humanities 1999. Dordrecht, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 33 (1-2) p. 39–47.

Lou Burnard. Text Encoding for Interchange: A New Consortium, http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue24/tei 2000.

Sheau-Hwang Chang. The Implications of TEI. OCLC Systems and Services 2001. 17 (3) p. 101–103.

Fabio Ciotti (editor)Il Manuale TEI Lite: Introduzione Alla Codifica Elettronica Dei Testi Letterari, 2005. Milano: Sylvestre Bonnard.

Mavis Cournane. The Application of SGML/TEI to the Processing of Complex, Multi-lingual Text, (PhD Dissertation)1997. Cork, Ireland: University College Cork.

Digital Library Federation. TEI and XML in Digital Libraries: Meeting June 30 and July 1, 1998, Library of Congress, Summary/Proceedings, 1998.

Digital Library Federation. TEI Text Encoding in Libraries: Guidelines for Best Encoding PracticesVersion 3.0 (October 2011), http://www.tei-c.org/SIG/Libraries/teiinlibraries/main-driver.html 2011.

Timothy J. Finney. Manuscript Markup. Larry W. Hurtado (editor)The Freer Biblical Manuscripts: Fresh Studies of an American Treasure Trove, 2006. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 263-288. Text-critical studies 6.

Matthew Gibson, Christine Ruotolo. Beyond the Web: TEI, the Digital Library, and the Ebook Revolution. 10.1023/A:1021895322291. Computers and the Humanities 2003. 37 (1) p. 57–63.

T. Kindberg (editor) S. Hawke (editor)The 'tag' URI Scheme, https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4151.txt RFC 4151. 2005. IETF.

Sylvain Loiseau. Les standards : autour d'XML et de la TEI, http://www.revue-texto.net/Corpus/Manufacture/standards/sommaire.html 2002.

Lynn Marko, Christina Kelleher Powell. Descriptive Metadata Strategy for TEI Headers: A University of Michigan Library Case Study. 10.1108/10650750110402585. OCLC Systems & Services 2001. 17 (3) pp. 117-20.

David Mertz. XML Matters: TEI — the Text Encoding Initiative An XML Dialect for Archival and Complex Documents, http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-matters30/index.html 2003.

Alan Morrison. Delivering Electronic Texts Over the Web: The Current and Planned Practices of the Oxford Text Archive. 10.1023/A:1001726011322. Computers and the Humanities 1999. 33 (1-2) pp. 193-198.

Elli Mylonas, Allen Renear. The Text Encoding Initiative at 10: Not Just an Interchange Format Anymore — But a New Research Community. 10.1023/A:1001832310939. Computers and the Humanities 1999. 33 (1-2) pp. 1-9.

Tobin Nellhaus. XML, TEI, Digital Libraries in the Humanities. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v001/1.3nellhaus.html Portal: Libraries and the Academy 2001. 1 (3) pp. 267-277.

Sebastian Rahtz. Building TEI DTDs and Schemas on demand, https://web.archive.org/web/20150706100318/http://tei.oucs.ox.ac.uk/Talks/2003-05-06-xmleurope2003/xmleurope2003.pdf 2003. (Paper presented at XML Europe 2003, London, March 2003)

Sebastian Rahtz, Norman Walsh, Lou Burnard. A unified model for text markup: TEI, Docbook, and beyond, http://www.tei-c.org/Activities/Workgroups/META/xmleurope2004.pdf 2004. (Paper presented at XML Europe 2004, Amsterdam, April 2004)

Allen Renear. Theory and Metatheory in the Development of Text Encoding. http://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/7302/904841.pdf?sequence=2 Michael A. R. Biggs (editor) Claus Huitfeldt (editor)Philosophy and Electronic Publishing, 1995. (Interactive seminar for the Monist)

Peter Robinson. Making a Digital Edition with TEI and Anastasia, http://sd-editions.com/AnaServer?teidoc+0+start.anv (no date).

David Seaman. The Electronic Text Center Introduction to TEI and Guide to Document Preparation, https://web.archive.org/web/20140804000849/etext.lib.virginia.edu/standards/tei/uvatei.html 1995.

Gary F. Simons. Using Architectural Forms to Map TEI Data into an Object-Oriented Database. 10.1023/A:1001765030032. Computers and the Humanities 1999. 33 (1-2) pp. 85-101.

David Smith. Textual Variation and Version Control in the TEI. 10.1023/A:1001795210724. Computers and the Humanities 1999. 33 (1-2) pp. 103-112.

C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen. Text in the Electronic Age: Textual Study and Text Encoding, with Examples from Medieval Texts. 10.1093/llc/6.1.34. Literary & Linguistic Computing 1991. 6 (1) pp. 34-46.

C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen. The Text Encoding Initiative: Electronic Text Markup for Research. Brett Sutton (editor)Literary Texts in an Electronic Age, 1994. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science. p. 35–55.

C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen. Textual Criticism and the Text Encoding Initiative. Richard J. Finneran (editor)The Literary Text in the Digital Age, 1996. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 37–62.

Edward Vanhoutte. An Introduction to the TEI and the TEI Consortium. 10.1093/llc/19.1.9. Literary & Linguistic Computing 2004. 19 (1) p. 9.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

Appendix G Deprecations

Table of contents

Appendix G.1 Items Scheduled to be Removed

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TEI: Items Scheduled to be Removed⚓︎Appendix G.1 Items Scheduled to be Removed

This appendix provides a partial list of items (elements, attributes, attribute values, datatypes etc.) which are deprecated in this revision of the TEI Guidelines (revision 3cd82e7a3 of TEI P5 Version 4.10.1).

Because an entry can now occur inside an entry, the re element is no longer needed. These Guidelines recommend using an entry with a type attribute value of relatedEntry instead. will be removed on 2026-03-10.

Because an entry can now occur inside an entry, the superEntry element is no longer needed. For instances where the superEntry element was used to group multiple entry elements, these Guidelines recommend using instead an outer entry element, perhaps with a type attribute. will be removed on 2027-03-07.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

Appendix H Prefatory Notes

Table of contents

Appendix H.1 Prefatory Note (November 2007)

Appendix H.2 Prefatory Note (March 2002)

Appendix H.3 Introductory Note (November 2001)

Appendix H.4 Introductory Note (June 2001)

Appendix H.5 Introductory Note (May 1999)

Appendix H.6 Preface (April 1994)

Appendix H.7 Acknowledgments

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This Appendix contains (in reverse chronological order) the ‘Introductory Notes’ prefixed to each revision of the TEI Guidelines since its first publication in 1994.

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TEI: Prefatory Note (November 2007)⚓︎Appendix H.1 Prefatory Note (November 2007)

This publication constitutes the fifth distinct version of the Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange, and the first complete revision since the appearance of P3 in 1994. It includes substantial amounts of new material and a major revision of the underlying technical infrastructure. With this version, these Guidelines enter a new stage in their development as a community-maintained open source project. This edition is the first version to have benefitted from the close overview and oversight of an elected TEI Technical Council. The editors are therefore particularly pleased to acknowledge with gratitude the hard work and dedication put into this project by the Council over the last five years.

The Chair of the TEI Board sits on the Technical Council, and the Board appoints the Chair of the Technical Council and one other member of the Council. Other Council members are all elected by the Consortium membership, and serve periods of up to two years at a time.Note: What followed was a list of TEI Board and Council members, which was periodically updated over the years, and remains in place with the 2025 Introductory Note.

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TEI: Prefatory Note (March 2002)⚓︎Appendix H.2 Prefatory Note (March 2002)

The primary goal of this revision has been to make available a new and corrected version of the TEI Guidelines which:

is expressed in XML and conforms to a TEI-conformant XML DTD;

generates a set of DTD fragments that can be combined together to form either SGML or XML document type definitions;

corrects blatant errors, typographical mishaps, and other egregious editorial oversights;

can be processed and maintained using readily available XML tools instead of the special-purpose ad hoc software originally used for TEI P3.

A second major design goal of this revision has been to ensure that the DTD fragments generated would not break existing documents: in other words, that any document conforming to the original TEI P3 SGML DTD would also conform to the new XML version of it. Although full backwards compatibility cannot be guaranteed, we believe our implementation is consistent with that goal.

In most respects, the TEI Guidelines have stood the test of time remarkably well. The present edition makes no substantial attempt to rewrite those few parts of them which have now been rendered obsolete by changes since their first publication, though an indication is given in the text of where such rewriting is now considered necessary. Neither does the present version attempt to address any of the many possible new areas of digital activity in which the TEI approach to standardization may have something to offer. Both these tasks require the existence of an informed and active TEI Council to direct and validate such extension and maintenance work, in response to the changing needs and priorities of the TEI user community.

Two exceptions to the above principles may be cited: firstly, the chapter which originally provided a ‘Gentle Introduction’ to SGML has been completely rewritten to provide a similarly gentle introduction to XML; secondly the chapter on character sets has been completely revised in light of the close connexion between Unicode and XML. The editors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the ad hoc workgroup chaired by Christian Wittern, which undertook to provide expert advice and correction at very short notice, in the latter task.

The preparation of this new version relied extensively on preliminary work carried out by the former North American editor of the TEI Guidelines, C.M. Sperberg-McQueen. In a TEI working paper written in 1999¹ he sketched out a precise blueprint for the conversion of the TEI from SGML to XML, which we have implemented, with only slight modification.

The Editors would also like to express thanks to the team of volunteers from the TEI community who helped us with the task of proofreading the first draft during the summer of 2001; and to Sebastian Rahtz of Oxford University Computing Services, without whose skill and enthusiasm this new edition would not have been possible.

A substantial proportion of the work of preparing this new edition was funded with the assistance of a grant from the US National Endowment for the Humanities, whose continued support of the TEI has also been crucial to the effort of setting up the TEI Consortium.

Finally, we would like to thank all our colleagues on the interim management board of the TEI Consortium, in particular its Chairman John Unsworth, for their continued support of the TEI's work, and their willingness to devote effort to the difficult task of overseeing its transition to a new organizational infrastructure.

Summary details of the changes made in the present and previous editions are given in their Prefatory Notes, all of which are now reproduced in an Appendix to the present edition: see Appendix H Prefatory Notes.

Lou Burnard and Syd Bauman (TEI Editors)
Oxford and Providence, March 2002.

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TEI: Introductory Note (November 2001)⚓︎Appendix H.3 Introductory Note (November 2001)

To complete the work started in June of this year, the TEI Editors asked for volunteers from the TEI community to proofread the preliminary XML version. 24 volunteers responded to this call during August, and gave invaluable help both by identifying a number of previously un-noticed errors, and by suggesting areas in which more substantial revision should be undertaken in the future. The Editors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the following individuals during this exercise:

Jimmy Adair, Syd Bauman, Michael Beddow, Steven Bird, Lisa Charlong, Matthew Driscoll, Patrick Durusau, Tomaz Erjavec, Nick Finke, Tim Finney, Julia Flanders, Mike Fraser, Pankaj Kamthan, François Lachance, Terry Langendoen, Anne Mahoney, Gregory Murphy, Daniel Pitti, Rafal Prinke, Laurent Romary, Stewart Russell, Gary Simons, Elisabeth Solopova, Christian Wittern, Martin Wynne.

In addition to error correction, and clear delineation of those sections in which substantial revision is yet to be undertaken for TEI P5, the present draft differs from earlier ones in the following respects:

Formal Public Identifiers have been introduced as a means of constructing TEI DTDs and an SGML Open Catalog is now included with the standard release;

Some systematic errors and omissions in the reference section have been removed; the format of this section has been substantially changed, we hope for the better;

The chapters on obtaining the TEI DTDs and WSDs have been brought up to date; the chapter on modification has been expanded to include a discussion of the TEI Lite customization;

All examples and cited markup has been checked for XML validity against the published DTDs, and corrected where faulty; examples have been formatted in a (more or less) consistent style.

Lou Burnard and Syd Bauman (Editors)
Oxford and Providence, November 2001.

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TEI: Introductory Note (June 2001)⚓︎Appendix H.4 Introductory Note (June 2001)

This is a preliminary version of a revised and fully XML-compliant edition of the TEI Guidelines. Although work on revising and correcting the text of the document is incomplete, by making available this preliminary version we hope to facilitate testing of the XML document type declarations which it describes by as wide a range of TEI users as possible.

The primary goal of this revision is to make available the corrected (May 1999) edition of the Guidelines in a new version which:

is expressed in XML and itself conforms to a TEI-conformant XML DTD;

generates a set of XML DTD fragments that can be combined together in the same way as the existing TEI (P3) SGML DTD fragments to form true TEI XML DTD fragments without loss of functionality;

can be processed and maintained using readily available XML tools instead of the special-purpose ad hoc software originally used for TEI P3.

As noted elsewhere, a number of errors were corrected in the May 1999 edition. A (much) smaller number of errors have also been corrected in this edition, but no new material has been added. We expect the expansion and modification of the Guidelines to become a real possibility in the context of the newly formed TEI Consortium, which has funded the preparation of this present edition.

A major design goal of both this and the previous revision has been to ensure that the DTD fragments generated would not break existing documents: in other words, that any document conforming to the original TEI P3 SGML DTD would also conform to the new XML version of it. Although full backwards compatibility cannot be guaranteed, we believe our implementation is consistent with that goal.

In making this new version, we relied extensively on preliminary work carried out by the outgoing North American editor of the TEI Guidelines, Michael Sperberg-McQueen. In a TEI working paper written in 1999, TEI ED W69, Michael sketched out a precise blueprint for the conversion of the TEI from SGML to XML, which we have implemented, with only slight modification. The current TEI editors wish to express here our admiration for the detailed care put into that paper, without which our task would have been forbiddingly difficult, if not impossible. We would also like to express our thanks to Sebastian Rahtz of Oxford University Computing Services, for his invaluable assistance in preparing this new edition.

We list here in summary form all the changes made in the present edition. Full technical details are provided in documents TEI EDW69 and TEI EDW70, available from the TEI web site.

A new keyword TEI.XML has been added. By setting its value to INCLUDE, rather than the default IGNORE, the user can request generation of an XML rather than an SGML DTD;

The content models of all elements have been checked, and, where necessary, changed so that they are equally valid as SGML or as XML;

The declared value for all attributes has been changed to a form which is equally valid as SGML or as XML;

All the examples have been checked for conformance and converted to use XML syntax, where possible. (This process is currently incomplete.)

Some errors and duplications in the class membership of elements from the names and dates tagsets have been corrected.

To implement the first of these, we have parameterized the tag omissibility indicators ‘- o’ and ‘- -’ used within element declarations in the DTD. When XML is to be generated, the parameter entities concerned are redeclared with the null string as their value.

The second change was achieved by removing SGML-specific features (ampersand connectors, inclusion and exclusion exceptions, various types of attribute content) from the DTD and revising the syntax of the DTD to conform to XML requirements (specifically in the representation of mixed-content models, and by removing redundant parentheses). In making these changes, we took care to ensure that the resulting content model would continue to accept existing valid documents, though in the nature of things it could not be guaranteed to reject the same set of documents. As further discussed in EDW69 and EDW70, some constraints (exclusion exceptions, for example) which could be carried out by a generic SGML parser using TEI P3 will have to be implemented by a special purpose TEI validator using TEI P4.

Much work remains to be done, firstly in testing the new DTD fragments against as wide a range of TEI materials as possible, secondly in revising the discussion of markup theory and practice within the text to reflect current thinking. A few sections of the current text (the Gentle Introduction to SGML and the discussion of Extended Pointer syntax are two examples) will need substantial rewriting. For the most part, however, we think the Guidelines have stood the test of time well and can be recommended to a new generation of text encoders scarcely born at the time they were first formulated.

Lou Burnard and Steve De Rose (Editors)

Oxford and Providence, May 2001.

Previous Appendix H.4 Introductory Note (June 2001)

Next Appendix H.6 Preface (April 1994)

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TEI: Introductory Note (May 1999)⚓︎Appendix H.5 Introductory Note (May 1999)

No work of the size and complexity of the TEI Guidelines could reasonably be expected to be error-free on publication, nor to remain long uncorrected. It has however taken rather longer than might have been anticipated to complete production of the present corrected reprint of the first edition, for which we present our apologies, both to the many individuals and institutions whose enthusiastic adoption and promotion of the TEI encoding scheme have ensured its continued survival in the rapidly changing world of digital scholarship, and also to the many helpfully critical users whose assiduous uncovering and reporting of our errors have made possible the present revision.

At its first meeting in Bergen, in June 1996, the TEI Technical Review Committee (TRC) approved the setting up of a small working committee to oversee the production of a revised edition of the TEI Guidelines, to include corrections of as many as possible of the `corrigible errors' notified to the editors since publication of the first edition in May 1994, the bulk of which are summarized in a TEI working paper (TEI EDW67, available from the TEI web site).

During the spring of 1997, this TRC Core Subcommittee reviewed nearly 200 comments and proposals which the editors had collected from public debate and discussion over the preceding two years, and provided invaluable technical guidance in disposition of them. We are glad to take this opportunity of expressing our thanks to this subcommittee, whose members were Elli Mylonas, Dominic Dunlop, and David T. Barnard.

The work of making the corrections and regenerating the text proceeded rather fitfully during 1998 and 1999, largely because of increasing demands on the editors' time from their other responsibilities. With the establishment of the new TEI Consortium, it is be hoped that maintenance of the Guidelines will be placed on a more secure footing. Some specific areas in which we anticipate future revisions being carried out are listed below.

Next Appendix H.5.2 Specific Changes in the DTD

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TEI: Typographic Corrections Made⚓︎Appendix H.5.1 Typographic Corrections Made

examples of TEI markup throughout the text were all checked against the relevant DTD fragment and an embarassingly large number of tagging errors corrected;

various minor typographic and spelling errors were corrected;

the ‘corrigible errors’ listed in working paper TEI EDW67 were all corrected: some of these required specific changes to the DTD which are listed in the next section.

Previous Appendix H.5.1 Typographic Corrections Made

Next Appendix H.5.3 Outstanding Errors

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TEI: Specific Changes in the DTD⚓︎Appendix H.5.2 Specific Changes in the DTD

A major goal of this revision was to avoid changes which might invalidate existing data, even where existing constructs seemed erroneous in retrospect. To that end, wherever changes have been made in content models for existing elements, they have as far as possible been made so that the DTD will now accept a superset of what was previously legal. Only one new element (ab) has been added.

Where possible, a few content models have been changed in such a way as to facilitate conversion to XML, but XML compatibility is not a goal of this revision.

Brief details of all changes made in the DTD follow:

Several changes were made in class membership, in order to correct unreachability problems. Specifically:

elements geogName, persName, placeName were added to the m.data class;

geogName and placeName were removed from the m.placepart class;

the elements addSpan, delSpan, gap, were added to the m.Edit class;

a new class m.editIncl was defined, with members addSpan, delSpan, and gap; this class was then added to the global inclusion class m.globIncl along with anchor (erroneously a member of the m.Seg class, from which it is now removed), m.metadata and m.refsys;

added name element to m.addrPart class;

added dateline to m.divtop and m.divbot classes;

added epilogue and castList to m.dramafront class;

added divGen to m.front class;

added dateline to m.divtop and m.divtop classes;

added u element to a.declaring class;

defined new class m.fmchunk (front matter chunk), comprising argument, byline, docAuthor, docDate, docEdition, docImprint, docTitle, epigraph, head, and titlePart for use in simplification of the content model for front element;

defined new element ab (anonymous block), and added it to the m.chunk class;

corrected an error whereby global attributes were not properly defined for elements specifying a non-default value for any of the a.global attributes: elements affected include: foreign, hi, del, pb, lb, cb, language, anchor, and when;

changed content models to permit empty list and empty availability elements;

changed content model for series element to permit #PCDATA;

changed content model for setting element to permit date element as a direct child;

added a key attribute to the <distance> element, for consistency with other elements in its class;

changed content model for orgName element to make it more consistent with e.g. persName;

changed content model for opener element to include argument, byline, and epigraph;

changed content models for app, rdgGrp, and wit elements;

revised attributes on <hand> element.

A number of content models were changed with a view to easing the creation of an XML compatible version of the Guidelines. Specifically:

removed ampersand connectors from cit, respStmt, publicationStmt, and graph;

changed the mixed content models for sense, re, persName, placeName, geogName, <dateStruct>, <timeStruct>, and dateline to make them XML-conformant.

Previous Appendix H.5.2 Specific Changes in the DTD

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TEI: Outstanding Errors⚓︎Appendix H.5.3 Outstanding Errors

A small number of other known problems remain uncorrected in this version and are briefly listed below. Please watch the TEI mailing list for announcements of their correction.

elements of class model.inter don't always behave as they should (e.g. one cannot insert a table before anything else in a div);

some mixed-content problems consequent on the definition of macro.specialPara need to be addressed systematically; in particular, the treatment of list items or notes which contain several paragraphs continues to surprise many users: no whitespace is allowed between the paragraphs;

the resp attributes on editorial elements are not consistently defined;

the discussions of DTD invocation, and the DTD itself, all use system identifiers instead of formal public identifiers.

Our next priority however will be the production of a fully XML-compliant version of the TEI DTD, work on which is already well advanced.

C.M. Sperberg-McQueen and Lou Burnard, May 1999

Previous Appendix H.5 Introductory Note (May 1999)

Next Appendix H.7 Acknowledgments

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TEI: Preface (April 1994)⚓︎Appendix H.6 Preface (April 1994)

These Guidelines are the result of over five years' effort by members of the research and academic community within the framework of an international cooperative project called the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), established in 1987 under the joint sponsorship of the Association for Computers and the Humanities, the Association for Computational Linguistics, and the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing.

The impetus for the project came from the humanities computing community, which sought a common encoding scheme for complex textual structures in order to reduce the diversity of existing encoding practices, simplify processing by machine, and encourage the sharing of electronic texts. It soon became apparent that a sufficiently flexible scheme could provide solutions for text encoding problems generally. The scope of the TEI was therefore broadened to meet the varied encoding requirements of any discipline or application. Thus, the TEI became the only systematized attempt to develop a fully general text encoding model and set of encoding conventions based upon it, suitable for processing and analysis of any type of text, in any language, and intended to serve the increasing range of existing (and potential) applications and use.

What is published here is a major milestone in this effort. It provides a single, coherent framework for all kinds of text encoding which is hardware-, software- and application-independent. Within this framework, it specifies encoding conventions for a number of key text types and features. The ongoing work of the TEI is to extend the scheme presented here to cover additional text types and features, as well as to continue to refine its encoding recommendations on the basis of extensive experience with their actual application and use.

We therefore offer these Guidelines to the user community for use in the same spirit of active collaboration and cooperation with which they have so far been developed. The TEI is committed to actively supporting the wide-spread and large-scale use of the Guidelines which, with the publication of this volume, is now for the first time possible. In addition, we anticipate that users of the TEI Guidelines will in some instances adapt and extend them as necessary to suit particular needs; we invite such users to engage in the further development of these Guidelines by working with us as they do so.

Like any standard which is actually used, these Guidelines do not represent a static finished work, but rather one which will evolve over time with the active involvement of its community of users. We invite and encourage the participation of the user community in this process, in order to ensure that the TEI Guidelines become and remain useful in all sorts of work with machine-readable texts.

This document was made possible in part by financial support from the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency; Directorate General XIII of the Commission of the European Communities; the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Direct and indirect support has also been received from the University of Illinois at Chicago, the Oxford University Computing Services, the University of Arizona, the University of Oslo and Queen's University (Kingston, Ont.), Bellcore (Bell Communications Research), the Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale (C.N.R.) Pisa, the British Academy, and Ohio State University, as well as the employers and host institutions of the members of the TEI working committees and work groups listed in the acknowledgments.

The production of this document has been greatly facilitated by the willingness of many software vendors to provide us with evaluation versions of their products. Most parts of this text have been processed at some time by almost every currently available SGML-aware software system. In particular, we gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the following vendors:

Berger-Levrault AIS s.a. (for Balise);

E2S n.v. (for E2S Advanced SGML Editor);

Electronic Book Technology (for DynaText);

SEMA Group and Yard Software (for Mark-It and Write-It);

Software Exoterica (for CheckMark and Xtran);

SoftQuad, Inc., (for Author/Editor and RulesBuilder);

Xerox Corporation (for Ventura Publisher).

Details of the software actually used to produce the current document are given in the colophon at the end of the work.

Previous Appendix H.6 Preface (April 1994)

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TEI: Acknowledgments⚓︎Appendix H.7 Acknowledgments

Many people have given of their time, energy, expertise, and support in the creation of this document; it is unfortunately not possible to thank them all adequately. Below are listed those who have served as formal members of the TEI's Work Groups and Working Committees during its six-year history; others not so officially enfranchised also contributed much to the quality of the result.

The editors take this opportunity to acknowledge our debt to those who have patiently endured and corrected our misunderstandings of their work; we hope that they will feel the wait has not been in vain. For any errors and inconsistencies remaining, we must accept responsibility; any virtue in what is here presented, we gladly ascribe to the energies of the keen intellects listed below.

C. M. Sperberg-McQueen and Lou Burnard

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TEI: TEI Working Committees (1990-1993)⚓︎Appendix H.7.1 TEI Working Committees (1990-1993)

Note: Not all members listed were able to serve throughout the development of the Guidelines.

Committee on Text Documentation:

Chair: Dominik Wujastyk (Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine)

Members 1990–1992: J. D. Byrum (Library of Congress); Marianne Gaunt (Rutgers University); Richard Giordano (Manchester University); Barbara Ann Kipfer (Independent Consultant); Hans Jørgen Marker (Danish Data Archive, Odense); Marcia Taylor (University of Essex);

Committee on Text Representation

Chair: Stig Johansson (University of Oslo)

Members 1990–1992: Roberto Cencioni (Commission of the European Communities); David R. Chesnutt (University of South Carolina); Robin C. Cover (Dallas Theological Seminary); Steven J. DeRose (Electronic Book Technology Inc); David G. Durand (Boston University); Susan M. Hockey (Oxford University Computing Service); Claus Huitfeldt (University of Bergen); Francisco Marcos-Marin (University Madrid); Elli Mylonas (Harvard University); Wilhelm Ott (University of Tübingen); Allen H. Renear (Brown University); Manfred Thaller (Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen)

Committee on Text Analysis and Interpretation

Chair: D. Terence Langendoen (University of Arizona)

Members 1990–1992: Robert Amsler (Bell Communications Research); Stephen Anderson (Johns Hopkins University); Branimir Boguraev (IBM T. J. Watson Research Center); Nicoletta Calzolari (University of Pisa); Robert Ingria (Bolt Beranek Newman Inc); Winfried Lenders (University of Bonn); Mitch Marcus (University of Pennsylvania); Nelleke Oostdijk (University of Nijmegen); William Poser (Stanford University); Beatrice Santorini (University of Pennsylvania); Gary Simons (Summer Institute of Linguistics); Antonio Zampolli, University of Pisa.

Committee on Metalanguage and Syntax

Chair: David T. Barnard (Queen's University)

Members 1990–1994: David G. Durand (Boston University); Jean-Pierre Gaspart (Associated Consultants and Software Engineers sa/nv); Nancy M. Ide (Vassar College); Lynne A. Price (Software Exoterica / Xerox PARC); Frank Tompa (University of Waterloo); Giovanni Battista Varile (Commission of the European Communities).

In addition, the two TEI editors served ex officio on each committee.

Following publication of the first draft of the TEI Guidelines (P1) in November 1990, a number of specialist work groups were charged with responsibility for drafting revisions and extensions, which, together with material already presented in P1, constitute the basis of the present work.

In addition, many members of the work groups listed below met on three occasions to review the emerging proposals in detail at technical review meetings convened by the TEI Steering Committee. These meetings, held in Myrdal, Norway (November 1991), Chicago (May 1992) and Oxford (May 1993), were largely responsible for the technical content and organization of the present work. Attendants at these meetings are starred in the list below.

TR1 Character sets

Chair: Harry Gaylord* (University of Groningen); Syun Tutiya* (Chiba University).

TR2 Text criticism

Chair: Peter Robinson* (Oxford University); David Chesnutt* (University of South Carolina); Robin Cover* (Dallas Theological Seminary); Robert Kraft (University of Pennsylvania); Peter Shillingsburg (Mississippi State University).

TR3 Hypertext and hypermedia

Chair: Steven J. DeRose* (Electronic Book Technologies Inc); David Durand (Boston University); Edward A. Fox (Virginia State University); Eve Wilson (University of Kent).

TR4 Formulæ, Tables, figures, and graphics

Chair: Paul Ellison* (University of Exeter); Anders Berglund (Independent Consultant); Dale Waldt (Thompson Professional Publishing).

TR6 Language corpora

Chair: Douglas Biber* (University of Northern Arizona); Jeremy Clear (Birmingham University); Gunnel Engwall (University of Stockholm).

TR9 Manuscripts and codicology

Chair: Claus Huitfeldt* (University of Bergen); Dino Buzzetti (University of Bologna); Jacqueline Hamesse (University of Louvain); Mary Keeler (Georgetown University); Christian Kloesel (Indiana University); Allen Renear* (Brown University); Donald Spaeth (Glasgow University).

TR10 Verse

Chair: David Robey* (University of Manchester); Elaine Brennan* (Brown University); David Chisholm (University of Arizona); Willard McCarty (University of Toronto).

TR11 Drama and performance texts

Chair: Elli Mylonas* (Harvard University); John Lavagnino* (Brandeis University); Rosanne Potter (University of Iowa).

TR12 Literary prose

Chair Thomas N. Corns* (University of Wales); Christian Delcourt (University of Liège).

AI1 Linguistic description

Chair: D. Terence Langendoen* (University of Arizona); Stephen R. Anderson (Johns Hopkins University); Nicoletta Calzolari (University of Pisa); Geoffrey Sampson* (University of Sussex); Gary Simons* (Summer Institute of Linguistics).

AI2 Spoken text

Chair: Stig Johansson* (University of Oslo); Jane Edwards (University of California at Berkeley); Andrew Rosta (University College London).

AI3 Literary studies

Chair: Paul Fortier* (University of Manitoba); Christian Delcourt (University of Liège;); Ian Lancashire (University of Toronto); Rosanne Potter (University of Iowa); David Robey* (University of Manchester).

AI4 Historical studies

Chair: Daniel Greenstein* (University of Glasgow); Peter Denley (Queen Mary Westfield College, London); Ingo Kropac (University of Graz); Hans Jørgen Marker (Danish Data Archive, Odense); Jan Oldervoll (University of Tromsø); Kevin Schurer (University of Cambridge); Donald Spaeth (Glasgow University); Manfred Thaller (Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen).²

AI5 Print dictionaries

Chairs: Robert Amsler* (Bell Communications Research) and Nicoletta Calzolari (University of Pisa); Susan Armstrong-Warwick (University of Geneva); John Fought (University of Pennsylvania); Louise Guthrie (University of New Mexico); Nancy M. Ide* (Vassar College); Frank Tompa (University of Waterloo); Carol Van Ess-Dykema (US Department of Defense); Jean Veronis (University of Aix-en-Provence).

AI6 Machine lexica

Chair: Robert Ingria* (Bolt Beranek Newman Inc); Susan Armstrong-Warwick (University of Geneva); Nicoletta Calzolari (University of Pisa).

AI7 Terminological data

Chair: Alan Melby* (Brigham Young University) Gerhard Budin (University of Vienna); Gregory Shreve (Kent State University); Richard Strehlow (Oak Ridge National Laboratory); Sue Ellen Wright (Kent State University).

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TEI: Advisory Board⚓︎Appendix H.7.2 Advisory Board

Members of the TEI Advisory Board during the lifetime of the project are listed below, grouped under the name of the organization represented.

American Anthropological Association:

Chad McDaniel (University of Maryland).

American Historical Association:

Elizabeth A. R. Brown (Brooklyn College, CUNY).

American Philological Association:

Jocelyn Penny Small (Rutgers University).

American Philosophical Association:

Allen Renear (Brown University).

American Society for Information Science:

Clifford A. Lynch (University of California).

Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group for Information Retrieval:

1989–93: Scott Deerwester (University of Chicago); 1993- : Martha Evens (Illinois Institute of Technology).

Association for Documentary Editing:

David Chesnutt (University of South Carolina).

Association for History and Computing:

1989–91: Manfred Thaller, Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen; 1991- : Daniel Greenstein (Glasgow University).

Association Internationale Bible et Informatique

1989–93: Wilhelm Ott (University of Tübingen); 1993- : Winfried Bader (University of Tübingen).

Canadian Linguistic Association:

Anne-Maria di Sciullo (Université du Québec à Montréal)

Dictionary Society of North America:

Barbara Ann Kipfer (Independent Consultant).

AAP Electronic Publishing Special Interest Group:

1989–92: Betsy Kiser (OCLC); 1992- : Deborah Bendig and Andrea Keyhani (OCLC).

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions:

J. D. Byrum Jr. (The Library of Congress).

Linguistic Society of America:

Stephen Anderson (The Johns Hopkins University)

Modern Language Association:

Randall Jones (Brigham Young University) and Ian Lancashire (University of Toronto).

Previous Appendix H.7.2 Advisory Board

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TEI: Steering Committee Membership⚓︎Appendix H.7.3 Steering Committee Membership

Members of the Steering Committee of the TEI during the preparation of this work were:

Association for Computational Linguistics:

1987–1993: Robert A. Amsler (Bell Communications Research);

1987–1993: Donald E. Walker (Bell Communications Research);

1993–1994: Susan Armstrong-Warwick (University of Geneva);

1994–1999: Judith Klavans (Columbia University).

Association for Computers and the Humanities:

1987–1999: Nancy M. Ide (Vassar College);

1987–1994: C. M. Sperberg-McQueen (University of Illinois at Chicago);

1994–1999: David Barnard (Queen's University).

Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing:

1987–1999: Susan M. Hockey (Center for Electronic Texts in the Humanities);

1987–1999: Antonio Zampolli (University of Pisa).

Notes

1

TEI ED W69, available from the TEI web site at http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/ED/edw69.htm.

2

This Workgroup was jointly sponsored by the Association for History and Computing.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

TEI P5:

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

Appendix I Colophon

Previous Appendix H Prefatory Notes

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The text of this manual was prepared electronically on a variety of systems. Most sections were originally drafted by members of the work groups and working committees of the TEI; all have been revised by the editors to achieve greater uniformity of style and greater consistency in the tag set.

The web release of the Guidelines was created using a library of XSLT stylesheets to convert to XHTML; the PDF version for printing was produced by conversion to LaTeX markup, processed using XeLaTeX. The XSLT libraries were written by Sebastian Rahtz.

Almost every available SGML and XML editor or processing program has been used at one time or another by the TEI; but without the open source implementations of XML parsers, editors and XSLT engines by James Clark, Richard Stallman, Michael Kay, and Daniel Veillard, the TEI could not survive, and we thank these individuals. We would also like to thank the staff at SyncRO Soft SRL, creators of the oXygen editor, for their support for the TEI during the creation on P5.

Many volunteers contributed to the preparation of this release of the Guidelines; we particularly note the work of Sabine Krott, Eva Radermacher and Arianna Ciula for their work in structuring the bibliographies.

The production and release process for TEI P5 was originally developed by Sebastian Rahtz for the TEI Technical Council.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

Information about this book

Title statement

The TEI Guidelines

Edition statement

P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3

Publication

Distributor

TEI Consortium

Availability

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

Copyright 2025 TEI Consortium.

All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors "as is" and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the copyright holder or contributors be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.

TEI material can be licensed differently depending on the use you intend to make of it. Hence it is made available under both the CC+BY and BSD-2 licences. The CC+BY licence is generally appropriate for usages which treat TEI content as data or documentation. The BSD-2 licence is generally appropriate for usage of TEI content in a software environment. For further information or clarification, please contact the TEI Consortium.

Source

A long history from P2 onwards. See further Appendix H Prefatory Notes

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C Elements

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader> (TEI header) supplies descriptive and declarative metadata associated with a digital resource or set of resources. [2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components 16.1. Varieties of Composite Text]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

core: teiCorpus

textstructure: TEI

May contain

header: encodingDesc fileDesc profileDesc revisionDesc xenoData

Note

One of the few elements unconditionally required in any TEI document.

Example

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="fileDesc"/>
  <classRef key="model.teiHeaderPart"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="revisionDesc"
   minOccurs="0"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element teiHeader
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( fileDesc, model.teiHeaderPart*, revisionDesc? )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <teiHeader> (TEI header)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <teiHeader> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <teiHeader> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="fr">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="fr">
  <body>
   <div>
<!-- chapter one is in French -->
   </div>
   <div xml:lang="de">
<!-- chapter two is in German -->
   </div>
   <div>
<!-- chapter three is French -->
   </div>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

2. The TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- Information about distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- Information about source from which the resource derives -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="fr">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- corpus-level metadata here -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata specific to this text here -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata specific to this text here -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<fileDesc>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Le document TEI minimal</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>Distribué comme partie de TEI P5</p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>Aucune source : ce document est né numérique</p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>Le document TEI le plus court possible.</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>D'abord publié comme faisant partie de la TEI P2.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>Aucune source : il s'agit d'un document original.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>A peu pres, le document TEI le plus court envisageable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>TEI中文指引</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>將與TEI 中文在地化計劃等文件一同出版</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>譯自TEI P5 英文指引</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>這是TEI P5的中文指引...</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- header for corpus -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- header for first text -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- content of first text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- header for second text -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- content of second text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more TEI elements here -->
</teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du corpus]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du premier texte]-->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!--[premier texte du corpus]-->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du deuxième texte]-->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!--[deuxième texte du corpus]-->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- 該文集的總header -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- 第一個文章的header -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- 第一個文章的內容 -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- 第二個文章的header -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- 第二個文章的內容 -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- 其他TEI元素 -->
</teiCorpus>

<text>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annex du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annex du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </front>
  <body>
<!-- body of copy text goes here -->
  </body>
  <back>
<!-- back matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for composite text -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!-- front matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </front>
    <body>
<!-- body of first unitary text -->
    </body>
    <back>
<!-- back matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <body>
<!-- body of second unitary text -->
    </body>
   </text>
  </group>
  <back>
<!-- back matter for composite text, if any -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<group>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annexe du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.4.1. Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<!-- a corpus, collection or dataset of CMC documents -->
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the corpus or CMC dataset-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
<!-- a CMC document such as a chat log or a discussion page -->
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the CMC document -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
   <body>
    <div>
<!-- subdivisions of the CMC document e.g. in sections or threads if applicable-->
     <post>
<!-- one post -->
     </post>
<!-- more posts -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more documents -->
</teiCorpus>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--...-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <pb facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- text contained on page 1 is encoded here -->
  <pb facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- text contained on page 2 is encoded here -->
 </text>
</TEI>

16. Language Corpora

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for entire corpus -->
 </teiHeader>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for news sub-corpus -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #3 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #3 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #4 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #4 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial sub-corpus -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of editorial #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of editorial #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for reviews -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for review #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of review #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for review #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of review #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
</teiCorpus>

16.3.1. Combining Corpus and Text Headers

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- corpus file description-->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- default encoding description -->
  </encodingDesc>
  <revisionDesc>
<!-- corpus revision description -->
  </revisionDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- first corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
   <encodingDesc>
<!-- encoding description for this corpus text, over-riding the default -->
   </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- second corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for third corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- third corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- example -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsDecl type="gpsg">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
    <fsDecl type="lex">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lex">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- doc2 -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsdLink type="gpsg"
     target="example.xml#GPSG"/>
    <fsdLink type="lexx"
     target="example.xml#LEX"/>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lexx">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<fileDesc>

<fileDesc> (file description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic file. [2.2. The File Description 2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

header: biblFull teiHeader

May contain

header: editionStmt extent notesStmt publicationStmt seriesStmt sourceDesc titleStmt

Note

The major source of information for those seeking to create a catalogue entry or bibliographic citation for an electronic file. As such, it provides a title and statements of responsibility together with details of the publication or distribution of the file, of any series to which it belongs, and detailed bibliographic notes for matters not addressed elsewhere in the header. It also contains a full bibliographic description for the source or sources from which the electronic text was derived.

Example

<fileDesc>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The shortest possible TEI document</title>
 </titleStmt>
 <publicationStmt>
  <p>Distributed as part of TEI P5</p>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No print source exists: this is an original digital text</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="titleStmt"/>
   <elementRef key="editionStmt"
    minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="extent" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="publicationStmt"/>
   <elementRef key="seriesStmt"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <elementRef key="notesStmt"
    minOccurs="0"/>
  </sequence>
  <elementRef key="sourceDesc"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fileDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      (
         titleStmt,
         editionStmt?,
         extent?,
         publicationStmt,
         seriesStmt*,
         notesStmt?
      ),
      sourceDesc+
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <fileDesc> (file description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fileDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fileDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

4. Default Text Structure

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

2. The TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- Information about distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- Information about source from which the resource derives -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<fileDesc>

<fileDesc>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The shortest possible TEI document</title>
 </titleStmt>
 <publicationStmt>
  <p>Distributed as part of TEI P5</p>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No print source exists: this is an original digital text</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>

<fileDesc>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Le document TEI minimal</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>Distribué comme partie de TEI P5</p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>Aucune source : ce document est né numérique</p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>Le document TEI le plus court possible.</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>D'abord publié comme faisant partie de la TEI P2.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>Aucune source : il s'agit d'un document original.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>A peu pres, le document TEI le plus court envisageable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>TEI中文指引</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>將與TEI 中文在地化計劃等文件一同出版</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>譯自TEI P5 英文指引</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>這是TEI P5的中文指引...</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

16. Language Corpora

16.3.1. Combining Corpus and Text Headers

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- corpus file description-->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- default encoding description -->
  </encodingDesc>
  <revisionDesc>
<!-- corpus revision description -->
  </revisionDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- first corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
   <encodingDesc>
<!-- encoding description for this corpus text, over-riding the default -->
   </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- second corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for third corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- third corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- example -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsDecl type="gpsg">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
    <fsDecl type="lex">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lex">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- doc2 -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsdLink type="gpsg"
     target="example.xml#GPSG"/>
    <fsdLink type="lexx"
     target="example.xml#LEX"/>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lexx">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt> (title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those responsible for its content. [2.2.1. The Title Statement 2.2. The File Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

header: biblFull fileDesc

May contain

core: author editor meeting respStmt title

header: funder principal sponsor

Example

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="title" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.respLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element titleStmt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( title+, model.respLike* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <titleStmt> (title statement)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <titleStmt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <titleStmt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

2. The TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- Information about distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- Information about source from which the resource derives -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<fileDesc>

<fileDesc>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The shortest possible TEI document</title>
 </titleStmt>
 <publicationStmt>
  <p>Distributed as part of TEI P5</p>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No print source exists: this is an original digital text</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>

<fileDesc>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Le document TEI minimal</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>Distribué comme partie de TEI P5</p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>Aucune source : ce document est né numérique</p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a
   machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Two stories by Edgar Allen Poe: electronic version</title>
 <author>Poe, Edgar Allen (1809-1849)</author>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>James D. Benson</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Yogadarśanam (arthāt
   yogasūtrapūṭhaḥ):
   a digital edition.</title>
 <title>The Yogasūtras of Patañjali:
   a digital edition.</title>
 <funder>Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine</funder>
 <principal>Dominik Wujastyk</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Wieslaw Mical</name>
  <resp>data entry and proof correction</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Jan Hajic</name>
  <resp>conversion to TEI-conformant markup</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Le sanctoral du lectionnaire de l'office dominicain (1254-1256)</title>
 <funder>2008—..., École nationale des chartes</funder>
 <principal>Anne-Élisabeth Urfels-Capot</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>responsable des publications</resp>
  <name>Olivier Canteaut (École nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp> 2009—..., Éditeur électronique : du TEI à l'écran</resp>
  <name ref="vincent.jolivet@enc.sorbonne.fr">Vincent Jolivet (École nationale
     des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2009, Éditeur scientifique</resp>
  <name ref="pascale.bourgain@enc.sorbonne.fr">Pascale Bourgain (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2008, Conversion du document bureautique vers TEI</resp>
  <name ref="frederic.glorieux@enc.sorbonne.fr">Frédéric Glorieux (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>電子化</resp>
  <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.6. The Notes Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>…</title>
 <respStmt>
  <persName>Mark Cohen</persName>
  <resp>historical commentary</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <orgName>University of Toronto</orgName>
  <resp>OCR scanning</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

2.6. The Revision Description

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Amorous Prince, or, the Curious Husband, 1671</title>
 <author>
  <persName ref="#abehn.aeh">Behn, Aphra</persName>
 </author>
 <respStmt xml:id="pcaton.xzc">
  <persName>Caton, Paul</persName>
  <resp>electronic publication editor</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="wgui.ner">
  <persName>Gui, Weihsin</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="jwernimo.lrv">
  <persName>Wernimont, Jacqueline</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="LDB">Lou Burnard</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="BZ">
  <resp>copy editing</resp>
  <name>Brett Zamir</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-02-02"
  status="public">Finished chapter 23</change>
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-01-02"
  status="draft">Finished chapter 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#LDB">Added examples to section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#MSM">Deleted chapter 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="fr_GK">G.K.</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="fr_RT">
  <resp>copie</resp>
  <name>R.T.</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<revisionDesc>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-02-02">Fin du chapitre 23</change>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-01-02">FIn du chapitre 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#fr_GK">Ajout d'exemples dans la section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#fr_MSM">Suppression du chapitre 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: an annotated edition</title>
 <author xml:id="STC">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</author>
 <editor xml:id="JLL">John Livingston Lowes</editor>
</titleStmt>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Envisioning Information</title>
  <author>Tufte, Edward R[olf]</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <extent>126 pp.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn. USA</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
</biblFull>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>Le document TEI le plus court possible.</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>D'abord publié comme faisant partie de la TEI P2.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>Aucune source : il s'agit d'un document original.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>A peu pres, le document TEI le plus court envisageable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>TEI中文指引</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>將與TEI 中文在地化計劃等文件一同出版</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>譯自TEI P5 英文指引</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>這是TEI P5的中文指引...</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<sponsor>

<sponsor> (sponsor) specifies the name of a sponsoring organization or institution. [2.2.1. The Title Statement]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

Member of

model.respLike

Contained by

core: bibl monogr

header: editionStmt titleStmt

msdescription: msItem

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

Sponsors give their intellectual authority to a project; they are to be distinguished from funders (see element funder), who provide the funding but do not necessarily take intellectual responsibility.

Example

<sponsor>Association for Computers and the Humanities</sponsor>
<sponsor>Association for Computational Linguistics</sponsor>
<sponsor ref="http://www.allc.org/">Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing</sponsor>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element sponsor
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <sponsor> (sponsor)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <sponsor> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <sponsor> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

<sponsor>

<sponsor>Association for Computers and the Humanities</sponsor>
<sponsor>Association for Computational Linguistics</sponsor>
<sponsor ref="http://www.allc.org/">Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing</sponsor>

<sponsor>

<sponsor>Centre national de la recherche scientifique</sponsor>

<sponsor>

<sponsor>香港影評人協會</sponsor>
<sponsor>香港教育專業人員協會</sponsor>
<sponsor>香港青年協會</sponsor>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<funder>

<funder> (funding body) specifies the name of an individual, institution, or organization responsible for the funding of a project or text. [2.2.1. The Title Statement]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

Member of

model.respLike

Contained by

core: bibl monogr

header: editionStmt titleStmt

msdescription: msItem

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

Funders provide financial support for a project; they are distinct from sponsors (see element sponsor), who provide intellectual support and authority.

Example

<funder>The National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency</funder>
<funder>Directorate General XIII of the Commission of the European Communities</funder>
<funder>The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</funder>
<funder>The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada</funder>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element funder
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <funder> (funding body)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <funder> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <funder> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Yogadarśanam (arthāt
   yogasūtrapūṭhaḥ):
   a digital edition.</title>
 <title>The Yogasūtras of Patañjali:
   a digital edition.</title>
 <funder>Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine</funder>
 <principal>Dominik Wujastyk</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Wieslaw Mical</name>
  <resp>data entry and proof correction</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Jan Hajic</name>
  <resp>conversion to TEI-conformant markup</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Le sanctoral du lectionnaire de l'office dominicain (1254-1256)</title>
 <funder>2008—..., École nationale des chartes</funder>
 <principal>Anne-Élisabeth Urfels-Capot</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>responsable des publications</resp>
  <name>Olivier Canteaut (École nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp> 2009—..., Éditeur électronique : du TEI à l'écran</resp>
  <name ref="vincent.jolivet@enc.sorbonne.fr">Vincent Jolivet (École nationale
     des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2009, Éditeur scientifique</resp>
  <name ref="pascale.bourgain@enc.sorbonne.fr">Pascale Bourgain (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2008, Conversion du document bureautique vers TEI</resp>
  <name ref="frederic.glorieux@enc.sorbonne.fr">Frédéric Glorieux (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<funder>

<funder>The National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency</funder>
<funder>Directorate General XIII of the Commission of the European Communities</funder>
<funder>The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</funder>
<funder>The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada</funder>

<funder>

<funder>Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche</funder>
<funder>Conseil général de Meurthe-et-Moselle </funder>

<funder>

<funder>行政院國家科學委員會</funder>
<funder>國家圖書館</funder>
<funder>國立故宮博物院</funder>
<funder>國立自然科學博物館</funder>

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C Elements

<principal>

<principal> (principal researcher) supplies the name of the principal researcher responsible for the creation of an electronic text. [2.2.1. The Title Statement]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

Member of

model.respLike

Contained by

core: bibl

header: editionStmt titleStmt

msdescription: msItem

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<principal ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/105517912">Gary Taylor</principal>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element principal
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <principal> (principal researcher)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <principal> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <principal> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Yogadarśanam (arthāt
   yogasūtrapūṭhaḥ):
   a digital edition.</title>
 <title>The Yogasūtras of Patañjali:
   a digital edition.</title>
 <funder>Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine</funder>
 <principal>Dominik Wujastyk</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Wieslaw Mical</name>
  <resp>data entry and proof correction</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Jan Hajic</name>
  <resp>conversion to TEI-conformant markup</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Le sanctoral du lectionnaire de l'office dominicain (1254-1256)</title>
 <funder>2008—..., École nationale des chartes</funder>
 <principal>Anne-Élisabeth Urfels-Capot</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>responsable des publications</resp>
  <name>Olivier Canteaut (École nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp> 2009—..., Éditeur électronique : du TEI à l'écran</resp>
  <name ref="vincent.jolivet@enc.sorbonne.fr">Vincent Jolivet (École nationale
     des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2009, Éditeur scientifique</resp>
  <name ref="pascale.bourgain@enc.sorbonne.fr">Pascale Bourgain (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2008, Conversion du document bureautique vers TEI</resp>
  <name ref="frederic.glorieux@enc.sorbonne.fr">Frédéric Glorieux (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<principal>

<principal ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/105517912">Gary Taylor</principal>

<principal>

<principal xml:id="fr_AEU-2">Anne-Élisabeth Urfels-Capot</principal>

<principal>

<principal>蔡元培</principal>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt> (edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text. [2.2.2. The Edition Statement 2.2. The File Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

header: biblFull fileDesc

May contain

core: author editor meeting p respStmt

header: edition funder principal sponsor

linking: ab

Example

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">Students' edition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Adapted by </resp>
  <name>Elizabeth Kirk</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<editionStmt>
 <p>First edition, <date>Michaelmas Term, 1991.</date>
 </p>
</editionStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="edition"/>
   <classRef key="model.respLike"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element editionStmt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( edition, model.respLike* ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <editionStmt> (edition statement)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <editionStmt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <editionStmt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

2. The TEI Header

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.2. The Edition Statement

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="P2">Second draft, substantially
   extended, revised, and corrected.</edition>
</editionStmt>

2.2.2. The Edition Statement

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Student's edition, <date>June 1987</date>
 </edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>New annotations by</resp>
  <name>George Brown</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">Students' edition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Adapted by </resp>
  <name>Elizabeth Kirk</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Deuxième édition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>réalisée par</resp>
  <name>L. F.</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <p>Première édition électronique, Nancy, <date> 2002</date>, réalisée dans le cadre de la
   base <ref target="http://www.frantext.fr/">FRANTEXT</ref> .</p>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">學生版</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>改編自</resp>
  <name>伊莉莎白．科克</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <p>初版<date>1991年，上學期</date>
 </p>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <p>First edition, <date>Michaelmas Term, 1991.</date>
 </p>
</editionStmt>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<edition>

<edition> (edition) describes the particularities of one edition of a text. [2.2.2. The Edition Statement]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.biblPart

Contained by

core: bibl monogr

header: editionStmt

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<edition>First edition <date>Oct 1990</date>
</edition>
<edition n="S2">Students' edition</edition>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element edition
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <edition> (edition)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <edition> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <edition> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago-15_ed">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago-15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>.
<pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>:
<publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher>
(<date>2003</date>),
<biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago_15_ed">Grammatical theories are in flux, and the more we learn, the
   less we seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago_15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>. <pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of
   Chicago Press</publisher> (<date>2003</date>), <biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

2. The TEI Header

2.2.2. The Edition Statement

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="P2">Second draft, substantially
   extended, revised, and corrected.</edition>
</editionStmt>

2.2.2. The Edition Statement

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Student's edition, <date>June 1987</date>
 </edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>New annotations by</resp>
  <name>George Brown</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">Students' edition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Adapted by </resp>
  <name>Elizabeth Kirk</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Deuxième édition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>réalisée par</resp>
  <name>L. F.</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">學生版</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>改編自</resp>
  <name>伊莉莎白．科克</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<edition>

<edition>First edition <date>Oct 1990</date>
</edition>
<edition n="S2">Students' edition</edition>

<edition>

<edition>Première édition électronique, Nancy <date>2002</date>
</edition>

<edition>

<edition>初版<date>1990年10月</date>
</edition>
<edition n="S2">學生版</edition>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy xml:id="DDC12">
 <bibl>
  <title>Dewey Decimal Classification</title>
  <edition>Abridged Edition 12</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="#welch">
 <term>ceremonials</term>
 <term>fairs</term>
 <term>street life</term>
</keywords>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="welch">
 <bibl>
  <title>Notes on London Municipal Literature, and a Suggested
     Scheme for Its Classification</title>
  <author>Charles Welch</author>
  <edition>1895</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <edition>first edition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
   <date>1990</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Anouilh, Jean</author>
  <title>Antigone</title>
  <edition>première édition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>in Nouvelles pièces noires, La Table ronde</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <date>1955</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>王大明</author>
  <author>文天行</author>
  <author>廖全京</author>
  <title>抗戰文藝報刊編目彙編</title>
  <edition>初版</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>四川省社會科學院</publisher>
   <pubPlace>成都</pubPlace>
   <date>1984</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

<scriptStmt>

<scriptStmt>
 <bibl>
  <author>Craig Warner</author>
  <title>Strangers on a Train</title>
  <title type="sub">Based on the novel by Patricia Highsmith</title>
  <edition>French's acting edition</edition>
  <idno type="ISBN">978 0 573 01972 2</idno>
  <publisher>Samuel French Ltd</publisher>
 </bibl>
</scriptStmt>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<extent>

<extent> (extent) describes the approximate size of a text stored on some carrier medium or of some other object, digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units. [2.2.3. Type and Extent of File 2.2. The File Description 3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information 11.7.1. Object Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.biblPart

Contained by

core: bibl monogr

header: biblFull fileDesc

msdescription: supportDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<extent>3200 sentences</extent>
<extent>between 10 and 20 Mb</extent>
<extent>ten 3.5 inch high density diskettes</extent>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

The measure element may be used to supply normalized or machine tractable versions of the size or sizes concerned.

<extent>
 <measure unit="MiB" quantity="4.2">About four megabytes</measure>
 <measure unit="pages" quantity="245">245 pages of source
   material</measure>
</extent>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element extent
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <extent> (extent)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <extent> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <extent> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

2. The TEI Header

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.3. Type and Extent of File

<extent>between 1 and
2 Mb</extent>
<extent>4.2 MiB</extent>
<extent>4532 bytes</extent>
<extent>3200 sentences</extent>
<extent>Five 90 mm High Density Diskettes</extent>

2.2.3. Type and Extent of File

<extent>
 <measure unit="MiB" quantity="4.2">About four megabytes</measure>
 <measure unit="pages" quantity="245">245 pages of source
   material</measure>
</extent>

<extent>

<extent>3200 sentences</extent>
<extent>between 10 and 20 Mb</extent>
<extent>ten 3.5 inch high density diskettes</extent>

<extent>

<extent>
 <measure unit="MiB" quantity="4.2">About four megabytes</measure>
 <measure unit="pages" quantity="245">245 pages of source
   material</measure>
</extent>

<extent>

<extent>400 Seiten</extent>
<extent>ungefähr 10MB</extent>

<extent>

<extent>
 <measure unit="MiB" quantity="4.2">Ungefähr vier Megabyte</measure>
 <measure unit="pages" quantity="245">Textumfang 245 Seiten</measure>
</extent>

<extent>

<extent>198 pages</extent>
<extent>90 195 mots</extent>
<extent>1 Mo</extent>

<extent>

<extent>3200個句子</extent>
<extent>介於10 到20 Mb</extent>
<extent>10片3.5吋磁碟片</extent>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Envisioning Information</title>
  <author>Tufte, Edward R[olf]</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <extent>126 pp.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn. USA</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
</biblFull>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.7.1.2. Extent

<extent>ii + 97 + ii</extent>

11.7.1.2. Extent

<extent>ii + 321 leaves <dimensions unit="cm">
  <height>35</height>
  <width>27</width>
 </dimensions>
</extent>

11.7.1.2. Extent

<extent>
 <measure type="composition" unit="leaf"
  quantity="10">10 Bl.</measure>
 <measure type="height" quantity="37"
  unit="cm">37</measure> x <measure type="width" quantity="29"
  unit="cm">29</measure> cm
</extent>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">168</height>
    <width unit="mm">106</width>
    <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Rouleau de parchemin avec des rubans de<material>soie</material>.</support>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">155</height>
    <width unit="mm">95</width>
    <depth unit="mm">31</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Home

C Elements

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt> (publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc. 2.2. The File Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

header: biblFull fileDesc

May contain

core: address date p ptr pubPlace publisher ref

header: authority availability distributor idno

linking: ab

tagdocs: listRef

Note

Where a publication statement contains several members of the model.publicationStmtPart.agency or model.publicationStmtPart.detail classes rather than one or more paragraphs or anonymous blocks, care should be taken to ensure that the repeated elements are presented in a meaningful order. It is a conformance requirement that elements supplying information about publication place, address, identifier, availability, and date be given following the name of the publisher, distributor, or authority concerned, and preferably in that order.

Example

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>C. Muquardt </publisher>
 <pubPlace>Bruxelles &amp; Leipzig</pubPlace>
 <date when="1846"/>
</publicationStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Chadwyck Healey</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>Available under licence only</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Zea Books</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Lincoln, NE</pubPlace>
 <date>2017</date>
 <availability>
  <p>This is an open access work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</p>
 </availability>
 <ptr target="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/55"/>
</publicationStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.publicationStmtPart.agency"/>
   <classRef key="model.publicationStmtPart.detail"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element publicationStmt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      (
         (
            model.publicationStmtPart.agency,
            model.publicationStmtPart.detail*
         )+
      )
    | model.pLike+
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <publicationStmt> (publication statement)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <publicationStmt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <publicationStmt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

19. Feature Structures

2. The TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- Information about distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- Information about source from which the resource derives -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<fileDesc>

<fileDesc>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The shortest possible TEI document</title>
 </titleStmt>
 <publicationStmt>
  <p>Distributed as part of TEI P5</p>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No print source exists: this is an original digital text</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>

<fileDesc>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Le document TEI minimal</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>Distribué comme partie de TEI P5</p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>Aucune source : ce document est né numérique</p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
 <idno type="ISBN">0-19-254705-4</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Copyright 1989, Oxford University Press</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <authority>James D. Benson</authority>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Sigma Press</publisher>
 <address>
  <addrLine>21 High Street,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Wilmslow,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Cheshire M24 3DF</addrLine>
 </address>
 <date>1991</date>
 <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
 <idno type="OTA">1256</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Available with prior consent of depositor for
     purposes of academic research and teaching only.</p>
 </availability>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Victoria, BC</pubPlace>
 <date>2011</date>
 <availability status="restricted">
  <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"> Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
  </licence>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>C. Muquardt </publisher>
 <pubPlace>Bruxelles &amp; Leipzig</pubPlace>
 <date when="1846"/>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
 <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
 <address>
  <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
  <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
  <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
  <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
 </address>
 <availability status="free">
  <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>重慶大學出版社</publisher>
 <pubPlace>中國：重慶</pubPlace>
 <date when="2002"/>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>大塊文化</publisher>
 <pubPlace>台灣：台北</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>版權所有 翻印必究</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Chadwyck Healey</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>Available under licence only</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Zea Books</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Lincoln, NE</pubPlace>
 <date>2017</date>
 <availability>
  <p>This is an open access work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</p>
 </availability>
 <ptr target="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/55"/>
</publicationStmt>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Envisioning Information</title>
  <author>Tufte, Edward R[olf]</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <extent>126 pp.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn. USA</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
</biblFull>

<pubPlace>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
</publicationStmt>

<pubPlace>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Editions Denoëll</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <date>1975</date>
</publicationStmt>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>Le document TEI le plus court possible.</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>D'abord publié comme faisant partie de la TEI P2.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>Aucune source : il s'agit d'un document original.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>A peu pres, le document TEI le plus court envisageable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>TEI中文指引</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>將與TEI 中文在地化計劃等文件一同出版</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>譯自TEI P5 英文指引</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>這是TEI P5的中文指引...</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<distributor>

<distributor> (distributor) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the distribution of a text. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Member of

model.imprintPart model.publicationStmtPart.agency

Contained by

core: bibl imprint

header: publicationStmt

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
<distributor>Redwood and Burn Ltd</distributor>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element distributor
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <distributor> (distributor)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <distributor> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <distributor> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Sigma Press</publisher>
 <address>
  <addrLine>21 High Street,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Wilmslow,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Cheshire M24 3DF</addrLine>
 </address>
 <date>1991</date>
 <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
 <idno type="OTA">1256</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Available with prior consent of depositor for
     purposes of academic research and teaching only.</p>
 </availability>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
 <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
 <address>
  <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
  <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
  <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
  <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
 </address>
 <availability status="free">
  <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<distributor>

<distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
<distributor>Redwood and Burn Ltd</distributor>

<distributor>

<distributor>Laboratoire : Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
<distributor>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</distributor>

<distributor>

<distributor>中央研究院</distributor>
<distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Iron Man 3 in 3D (Official Trailer German) Parodie</title>
  <respStmt>
   <name type="user">DieAussenseiter</name>
   <resp>posted video, created page</resp>
  </respStmt>
  <distributor>YouTube</distributor>
  <ptr type="url"
   target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WU_3-0UpU"/>
  <series>
   <title>DieAussenseiter’s Channel</title>
   <ptr target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCKn1vL4Ou4DKu0BlcK3NlDQ"/>
  </series>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<authority>

<authority> (release authority) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for making a work available, other than a publisher or distributor. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Member of

model.publicationStmtPart.agency

Contained by

core: monogr

header: publicationStmt

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<authority>John Smith</authority>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element authority
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Home

C Elements

Example: <authority> (release authority)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <authority> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <authority> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

2. The TEI Header

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <authority>James D. Benson</authority>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

<authority>

<authority>John Smith</authority>

<authority>

<authority>A. D.</authority>

<authority>

<authority>高行健</authority>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">US</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">6885550</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.uspto.gov/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-04-26">April 26, 2005</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">EP</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">1558513</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">A1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-08-03"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2009-09-09"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<idno>

<idno> (identifier) supplies any form of identifier used to identify some object, such as a bibliographic item, a person, a title, an organization, etc. in a standardized way. [14.3.1. Basic Principles 2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc. 2.2.5. The Series Statement 3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
categorizes the identifier, for example as an ISBN, Social Security number, etc.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

ISBN

International Standard Book Number: a 13- or (if assigned prior to 2007) 10-digit identifying number assigned by the publishing industry to a published book or similar item, registered with the International ISBN Agency.

ISSN

International Standard Serial Number: an eight-digit number to uniquely identify a serial publication.

DOI

Digital Object Identifier: a unique string of letters and numbers assigned to an electronic document.

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier: a string of characters to uniquely identify a resource, following the syntax of RFC 3986.

VIAF

A data number in the Virtual Internet Authority File assigned to link different names in catalogs around the world for the same entity.

ESTC

English Short-Title Catalogue number: an identifying number assigned to a document in English printed in the British Isles or North America before 1801.

OCLC

OCLC control number (record number) for the union catalog record in WorldCat, a union catalog for member libraries in the Online Computer Library Center global cooperative.

Member of

model.msItemPart model.nameLike model.personPart model.publicationStmtPart.detail

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address analytic author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned monogr name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote idno language licence principal publicationStmt rendition scriptNote seriesStmt sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions altIdentifier catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msIdentifier msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality nym objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg moduleSpec valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

gaiji: g

header: idno

character data

Note

idno should be used for labels which identify an object or concept in a formal cataloguing system such as a database or an RDF store, or in a distributed system such as the World Wide Web. Some suggested values for type on idno are ISBN, ISSN, DOI, and URI.

Example

<idno type="ISBN">978-1-906964-22-1</idno>
<idno type="ISSN">0143-3385</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1000/123</idno>
<idno type="URI">http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185922478</idno>
<idno type="URI">http://authority.nzetc.org/463/</idno>
<idno type="LT">Thomason Tract E.537(17)</idno>
<idno type="Wing">C695</idno>
<idno type="oldCat">
 <g ref="#sym"/>345
</idno>

Show all ⚓︎

In the last case, the identifier includes a non-Unicode character which is defined elsewhere by means of a glyph or char element referenced here as #sym.

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="idno"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element idno
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      "ISBN"
    | "ISSN"
    | "DOI"
    | "URI"
    | "VIAF"
    | "ESTC"
    | "OCLC"
    | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   ( text | model.gLike | idno )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <idno> (identifier)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <idno> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <idno> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

23. Documentation Elements

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
 <idno type="ISBN">0-19-254705-4</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Copyright 1989, Oxford University Press</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Sigma Press</publisher>
 <address>
  <addrLine>21 High Street,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Wilmslow,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Cheshire M24 3DF</addrLine>
 </address>
 <date>1991</date>
 <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
 <idno type="OTA">1256</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Available with prior consent of depositor for
     purposes of academic research and teaching only.</p>
 </availability>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
 <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
 <address>
  <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
  <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
  <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
  <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
 </address>
 <availability status="free">
  <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<idno>

<idno type="ISBN">978-1-906964-22-1</idno>
<idno type="ISSN">0143-3385</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1000/123</idno>
<idno type="URI">http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185922478</idno>
<idno type="URI">http://authority.nzetc.org/463/</idno>
<idno type="LT">Thomason Tract E.537(17)</idno>
<idno type="Wing">C695</idno>
<idno type="oldCat">
 <g ref="#sym"/>345
</idno>

<idno>

<idno type="ISBN">978-1-906964-22-1</idno>
<idno type="ISSN">0143-3385</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1000/123</idno>
<idno type="URI">http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185922478</idno>
<idno type="URI">http://authority.nzetc.org/463/</idno>
<idno type="LT">Thomason Tract E.537(17)</idno>
<idno type="Wing">C695</idno>
<idno type="oldCat">
 <g ref="#sym"/>345
</idno>

<idno>

<idno type="ISSN">0143-3385</idno>
<idno type="OTA">116</idno>
<idno type="ISBN">1-896016-00-6</idno>

2.2.5. The Series Statement

<seriesStmt>
 <title level="s">Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of
   Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Babel</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Jacques Dubois</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Hubert Nyssen</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">1140-3853</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>《印度文學研究》的電腦可讀文件</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>編者</resp>
  <name>珍．崗妲</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
</seriesStmt>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">US</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">6885550</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.uspto.gov/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-04-26">April 26, 2005</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">EP</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">1558513</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">A1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-08-03"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2009-09-09"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

<scriptStmt>

<scriptStmt>
 <bibl>
  <author>Craig Warner</author>
  <title>Strangers on a Train</title>
  <title type="sub">Based on the novel by Patricia Highsmith</title>
  <edition>French's acting edition</edition>
  <idno type="ISBN">978 0 573 01972 2</idno>
  <publisher>Samuel French Ltd</publisher>
 </bibl>
</scriptStmt>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <p>In Latin, on parchment: written in more than one hand of the 13th cent. in
   England: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns: with a few coloured
   capitals.</p>
 <p>'Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,' the De origine et gestis Regum Angliae of
   Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis: beg. 'Cum mecum multa &amp; de
   multis.'</p>
 <p>On fol. 54v very faint is 'Iste liber est fratris guillelmi de buria de ...
   Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],' 14th cent. (?): 'hanauilla' is written
   at the foot of the page (15th cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March
   17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>El</collection>
 <idno>26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<collection>El</collection>
<idno>El 26 C 9</idno>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<collection>Ellesmere</collection>
<idno>El 26 C 9</idno>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Hungary</country>
 <settlement>Budapest</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr"> Bibliothèque de l'Académie des Sciences de Hongrie </repository>
 <collection>Oriental Collection</collection>
 <collection>Sandor Kégl Bequest</collection>
 <idno>MS 1265</idno>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>New Jersey</region>
 <settlement>Princeton</settlement>
 <repository>Princeton University Library</repository>
 <collection>Scheide Library</collection>
 <idno>MS 71</idno>
 <msName>Blickling Homiliary</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Danmark</country>
 <settlement>København</settlement>
 <repository>Det Arnamagnæanske Institut</repository>
 <idno>AM 45 fol.</idno>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Frisianus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="is">Fríssbók</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Madrid</settlement>
 <repository>Biblioteca Nacional</repository>
 <idno>MS 10237</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <region>Andalucia</region>
  <settlement>Osuna</settlement>
  <repository>Duque de Osuna</repository>
  <idno>II-M-5</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Berkeley</settlement>
 <institution>University of California</institution>
 <repository>Bancroft Library</repository>
 <idno>UCB 16</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>2MS BS1145 I8</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
 <altIdentifier type="SC">
  <idno>2297</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>France</country>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
 <idno>B- 73</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>B-121</idno>
  <note> Cote de la bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe siècle (inscrite à l'encre, sur la
     doublure de tabis).</note>
 </altIdentifier>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>Double de B. 274. A (Réserve)</idno>
  <note>Cote inscrite face à la page de titre, en remplacement de la cote "1541",
     barrée</note>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>台北</settlement>
 <repository>故宮博物院</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<institution>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<repository>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<collection>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>Ellesmere</collection>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <idno>B 106</idno>
 <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe siècle.</note>
</altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <settlement>台北市中正區</settlement>
 <repository>國立歷史博物館</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</altIdentifier>

11.9.2. Surrogates

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (master)</title>
  <idno>G.neg. 160</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (archive)</title>
  <idno>G.pos. 186</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 795 4to</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-27">27 January 1999</date>
  <note>copy of G.pos.
     186</note>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>reg.nr. 75</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-25">25 January 1999</date>
  <note>photographs of the spine, outside covers, stitching etc.</note>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <p>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
   <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>May 1984</date>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
   <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>1972</date>
  </bibl>
 </p>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">透明正片</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">黑白輸出</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msPart>
 <msIdentifier>
  <idno>A</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Becker</collection>
   <idno>48, Nr. 145</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Wiener Liste</collection>
   <idno>4°5</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <head>
  <title xml:lang="la">Gregorius: Homiliae in Ezechielem</title>
  <origPlace key="tgn_7008085">Weissenburg (?)</origPlace>
  <origDate notBefore="0801"
   notAfter="0815">IX. Jh., Anfang</origDate>
 </head>
</msPart>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<msDesc xml:id="Gg">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Cambridge</settlement>
  <repository>University Library</repository>
  <idno>Gg.1. 27</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- further description of the manuscript here -->
</msDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<listEvent>
 <event from="1939-09-01" to="1945-09-02">
  <eventName xml:lang="de">Zweiter Weltkrieg</eventName>
  <eventName xml:lang="en">World War II</eventName>
  <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079167-1</idno>
  <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362</idno>
  <event from="1939-09-01" to="1939-10-06"
   xml:id="UeberfallAufPolen">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="en">Invasion of Poland</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175002-0</idno>
   <idno type="LOC">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148341</idno>
   <listPlace type="affected">
    <place>
     <placeName xml:lang="pl">Gdańsk</placeName>
     <location>
      <geo>54.350556 18.652778</geo>
     </location>
    </place>
   </listPlace>
  </event>
  <event from="1941-06-22" to="1945-05-09">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076906-9</idno>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189266</idno>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

14.3.1. Basic Principles

<place xml:id="Rome">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>41.891775 12.486137</geo>
 </location>
 <idno type="Pleiades">423025</idno>
 <note>capital of the Roman Empire</note>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<location>
 <geo>53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <bibl>
  <title>Roman Inscriptions of Britain</title>, <idno>262</idno>
 </bibl>
</location>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <region>Oxfordshire</region>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
 <collection>English Treasures</collection>
 <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
 <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
 <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
</objectIdentifier>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

23. Documentation Elements

23.2. Modules and Schemas

<moduleSpec ident="namesdates">
 <idno type="FPI">Names and Dates</idno>
 <desc>Additional elements for names and dates</desc>
</moduleSpec>

<moduleSpec>

<moduleSpec ident="namesdates">
 <idno type="FPI">Names and Dates</idno>
 <desc>Additional elements for names and dates</desc>
</moduleSpec>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<availability>

<availability> (availability) supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, any licence applying to it, etc. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

status status⚓︎
(status) supplies a code identifying the current availability of the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

free

(free) the text is freely available.

unknown

(unknown) the status of the text is unknown.

restricted

(restricted) the text is not freely available.

Member of

model.biblPart model.publicationStmtPart.detail

Contained by

core: analytic bibl monogr series

header: publicationStmt

msdescription: adminInfo

May contain

core: p

header: licence

linking: ab

Note

A consistent format should be adopted

Example

<availability status="restricted">
 <p>Available for academic research purposes only.</p>
</availability>
<availability status="free">
 <p>In the public domain</p>
</availability>
<availability status="restricted">
 <p>Available under licence from the publishers.</p>
</availability>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<availability>
 <licence target="http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT">
  <p>The MIT License
     applies to this document.</p>
  <p>Copyright (C) 2011 by The University of Victoria</p>
  <p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
     of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
     in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
     to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
     copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
     furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:</p>
  <p>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
     all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>
  <p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
     IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
     AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
     LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
     OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
     THE SOFTWARE.</p>
 </licence>
</availability>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:availability"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.availabilityPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element availability
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   attribute status { "free" | "unknown" | "restricted" }?,
   ( model.availabilityPart | model.pLike )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <availability> (availability)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <availability> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <availability> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

11. Manuscript Description

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
 <idno type="ISBN">0-19-254705-4</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Copyright 1989, Oxford University Press</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Sigma Press</publisher>
 <address>
  <addrLine>21 High Street,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Wilmslow,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Cheshire M24 3DF</addrLine>
 </address>
 <date>1991</date>
 <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
 <idno type="OTA">1256</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Available with prior consent of depositor for
     purposes of academic research and teaching only.</p>
 </availability>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Victoria, BC</pubPlace>
 <date>2011</date>
 <availability status="restricted">
  <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"> Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
  </licence>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
 <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
 <address>
  <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
  <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
  <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
  <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
 </address>
 <availability status="free">
  <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>大塊文化</publisher>
 <pubPlace>台灣：台北</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>版權所有 翻印必究</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Chadwyck Healey</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>Available under licence only</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Zea Books</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Lincoln, NE</pubPlace>
 <date>2017</date>
 <availability>
  <p>This is an open access work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</p>
 </availability>
 <ptr target="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/55"/>
</publicationStmt>

<availability>

<availability status="restricted">
 <p>Available for academic research purposes only.</p>
</availability>
<availability status="free">
 <p>In the public domain</p>
</availability>
<availability status="restricted">
 <p>Available under licence from the publishers.</p>
</availability>

<availability>

<availability status="restricted">
 <p>L' ABES a adopté le système Créative Commons pour permettre à tous ceux qui le
   souhaitent, de reproduire tout ou partie des rubriques du site de l'ABES sur support
   papier ou support électronique.</p>
</availability>

<availability>

<availability status="restricted">
 <p>僅供學術研究使用</p>
</availability>
<availability status="free">
 <p>用於公共領域</p>
</availability>
<availability status="restricted">
 <p>需徵求出版商授權</p>
</availability>

<availability>

<availability>
 <licence target="http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT">
  <p>The MIT License
     applies to this document.</p>
  <p>Copyright (C) 2011 by The University of Victoria</p>
  <p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
     of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
     in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
     to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
     copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
     furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:</p>
  <p>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
     all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>
  <p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
     IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
     AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
     LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
     OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
     THE SOFTWARE.</p>
 </licence>
</availability>

<licence>

<availability>
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
  notBefore="2013-01-01">
  <p>The Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) Licence
     applies to this document.</p>
  <p>The licence was added on January 1, 2013.</p>
 </licence>
</availability>

11. Manuscript Description

11.9.1.2. Availability and Custodial History

<availability>
 <p>Viewed by appointment only, to be arranged with curator.</p>
</availability>
<availability>
 <p>In conservation, Jan. - Mar., 2002. On loan to the Bayerische
   Staatsbibliothek, April - July, 2002.</p>
</availability>
<availability>
 <p>The manuscript is in poor condition, due to many of the leaves being brittle
   and fragile and the poor quality of a number of earlier repairs; it should
   therefore not be used or lent out until it has been conserved.</p>
</availability>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Record created <date>1 Aug 2004</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>Until 2015 permission to photocopy some materials from this
     collection has been limited at the request of the donor. Please ask repository staff for details
     if you are interested in obtaining photocopies from Series 1:
     Correspondence.</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>Collection donated to the Manuscript Library by the Estate of
     Edgar Holden in 1993. Donor number: 1993-034.</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>紀錄建立於<date>2004年8月1日</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>2015年以前，非經贈與此書者同意，不得翻印。若對內容有興趣，請洽藏書單位。</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>此收藏1993年捐贈於故宮博物院。贈與編號：1993-034。</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<licence>

<licence> contains information about a licence or other legal agreement applicable to the text. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

Member of

model.availabilityPart

Contained by

header: availability

linking: annotation

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

A licence element should be supplied for each licence agreement applicable to the text in question. The target attribute may be used to reference a full version of the licence. The when, notBefore, notAfter, from or to attributes may be used in combination to indicate the date or dates of applicability of the licence.

Example

<licence target="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-NZETC-Help.html#licensing"> Licence: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 New Zealand Licence
</licence>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<availability>
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
  notBefore="2013-01-01">
  <p>The Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) Licence
     applies to this document.</p>
  <p>The licence was added on January 1, 2013.</p>
 </licence>
</availability>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element licence
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <licence>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <licence> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <licence> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

2. The TEI Header

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Victoria, BC</pubPlace>
 <date>2011</date>
 <availability status="restricted">
  <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"> Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
  </licence>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<availability>

<availability>
 <licence target="http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT">
  <p>The MIT License
     applies to this document.</p>
  <p>Copyright (C) 2011 by The University of Victoria</p>
  <p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
     of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
     in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
     to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
     copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
     furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:</p>
  <p>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
     all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>
  <p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
     IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
     AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
     LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
     OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
     THE SOFTWARE.</p>
 </licence>
</availability>

<licence>

<licence target="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-NZETC-Help.html#licensing"> Licence: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 New Zealand Licence
</licence>

<licence>

<licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.fr"> Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 non transposé (CC BY 3.0)
</licence>

<licence>

<licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/"> Ce document
est publié librement sur le web à destination de la communauté scientifique
dans le cadre de la licence Creative Commons « Paternité-Pas d’Utilisation
Commerciale-Partage des Conditions Initiales à l’Identique 2.0 France ».
</licence>

<licence>

<availability>
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
  notBefore="2013-01-01">
  <p>The Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) Licence
     applies to this document.</p>
  <p>The licence was added on January 1, 2013.</p>
 </licence>
</availability>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<annotation>

<annotation xml:id="ann1"
 motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#lifecycle-information and https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#agents -->
 <respStmt xml:id="fred">
  <resp>creator</resp>
  <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
 </respStmt>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change status="created"
   when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#fred"/>
  <change status="modified"
   when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#fred"/>
 </revisionDesc>
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#rights-information -->
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Multiple bodies -->
<!-- Pointers to sections of text in the same document -->
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
</annotation>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt> (series statement) groups information about the series, if any, to which a publication belongs. [2.2.5. The Series Statement 2.2. The File Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Contained by

header: biblFull fileDesc

May contain

core: biblScope editor p respStmt title

header: idno

linking: ab

Example

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:seriesStmt"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="title" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="editor"/>
    <elementRef key="respStmt"/>
   </alternate>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="idno"/>
    <elementRef key="biblScope"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element seriesStmt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( title+, ( editor | respStmt )*, ( idno | biblScope )* ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <seriesStmt> (series statement)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <seriesStmt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <seriesStmt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.5. The Series Statement

<seriesStmt>
 <title level="s">Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of
   Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Babel</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Jacques Dubois</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Hubert Nyssen</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">1140-3853</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>《印度文學研究》的電腦可讀文件</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>編者</resp>
  <name>珍．崗妲</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
</seriesStmt>

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C Elements

<notesStmt>

<notesStmt> (notes statement) collects together any notes providing information about a text additional to that recorded in other parts of the bibliographic description. [2.2.6. The Notes Statement 2.2. The File Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

header: biblFull fileDesc

May contain

core: note noteGrp relatedItem

Note

Information of different kinds should not be grouped together into the same note.

Example

<notesStmt>
 <note>Historical commentary provided by Mark Cohen</note>
 <note>OCR scanning done at University of Toronto</note>
</notesStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
  <elementRef key="relatedItem"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element notesStmt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.noteLike | relatedItem )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <notesStmt> (notes statement)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <notesStmt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <notesStmt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.6. The Notes Statement

<notesStmt>
 <note>Historical commentary provided by Mark Cohen.</note>
 <note>OCR scanning done at University of Toronto.</note>
</notesStmt>

<notesStmt>

<notesStmt>
 <note>Historical commentary provided by Mark Cohen</note>
 <note>OCR scanning done at University of Toronto</note>
</notesStmt>

<notesStmt>

<notesStmt>
 <note>Les photographies, héliogravures et cartes postales colorisées signées Lehnert
   &amp; Landrock, de techniques novatrices, sont réellement des œuvres d'art ; elles
   apportent en outre une documentation considérable sur la Tunisie du début du XXe
   siècle.</note>
</notesStmt>

<notesStmt>

<notesStmt>
 <note>歷史評論由馬克．可漢提共</note>
 <note>OCR光學辨識掃描於多倫多大學</note>
</notesStmt>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc> (source description) describes the source(s) from which an electronic text was derived or generated, typically a bibliographic description in the case of a digitized text, or a phrase such as ‘born digital’ for a text which has no previous existence. [2.2.7. The Source Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Contained by

header: biblFull fileDesc

May contain

core: bibl biblStruct list listBibl p

figures: table

header: biblFull

linking: ab

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

spoken: recordingStmt scriptStmt

textcrit: listApp listWit

Example

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
 <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
 <publisher>OUP</publisher>
  <date>1968</date>. </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<sourceDesc>
 <p>Born digital: no previous source exists.</p>
</sourceDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:sourceDesc"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.sourceDescPart"/>
   <classRef key="model.listLike"/>
  </alternate>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element sourceDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   (
      model.pLike+
    | ( model.biblLike | model.sourceDescPart | model.listLike )+
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <sourceDesc> (source description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <sourceDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <sourceDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

4. Default Text Structure

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

19. Feature Structures

2. The TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- Information about distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- Information about source from which the resource derives -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<fileDesc>

<fileDesc>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The shortest possible TEI document</title>
 </titleStmt>
 <publicationStmt>
  <p>Distributed as part of TEI P5</p>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No print source exists: this is an original digital text</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>

<fileDesc>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Le document TEI minimal</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>Distribué comme partie de TEI P5</p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>Aucune source : ce document est né numérique</p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <p>Born digital.</p>
</sourceDesc>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by
   Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile, 1968)</bibl>
</sourceDesc>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <biblStruct xml:lang="fr">
  <monogr>
   <author>Eugène Sue</author>
   <title>Martin, l'enfant trouvé</title>
   <title type="sub">Mémoires d'un valet de chambre</title>
   <imprint>
    <pubPlace>Bruxelles et Leipzig</pubPlace>
    <publisher>C. Muquardt</publisher>
    <date when="1846">1846</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
 <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
 <publisher>OUP</publisher>
  <date>1968</date>. </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <p>Texte original : le texte a été créé sous sa forme électronique.</p>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <p>無來源：以電腦可讀格式建立</p>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <p>Born digital: no previous source exists.</p>
</sourceDesc>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>Le document TEI le plus court possible.</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>D'abord publié comme faisant partie de la TEI P2.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>Aucune source : il s'agit d'un document original.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>A peu pres, le document TEI le plus court envisageable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>TEI中文指引</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>將與TEI 中文在地化計劃等文件一同出版</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>譯自TEI P5 英文指引</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>這是TEI P5的中文指引...</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<sourceDesc>
 <scriptStmt xml:id="CNN12">
  <bibl>
   <author>CNN Network News</author>
   <title>News headlines</title>
   <date when="1991-06-12">12 Jun 91</date>
  </bibl>
 </scriptStmt>
</sourceDesc>

8.3.4. Writing

<sourceDesc>
<!-- ...-->
 <bibl xml:id="FOL1">Shakespeare First Folio text</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="FOL2">Shakespeare Second Folio text</bibl>
<!-- ...-->
</sourceDesc>
<!-- ...-->
<u>[...] now compare the punctuation of lines 12 and 14 in these two
versions of page 42...
<writing source="#FOL1">[...]</writing>
 <writing source="#FOL2">[...]</writing>
</u>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Iron Man 3 in 3D (Official Trailer German) Parodie</title>
  <respStmt>
   <name type="user">DieAussenseiter</name>
   <resp>posted video, created page</resp>
  </respStmt>
  <distributor>YouTube</distributor>
  <ptr type="url"
   target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WU_3-0UpU"/>
  <series>
   <title>DieAussenseiter’s Channel</title>
   <ptr target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCKn1vL4Ou4DKu0BlcK3NlDQ"/>
  </series>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<biblFull>

<biblFull> (fully-structured bibliographic citation) contains a fully-structured bibliographic citation, in which all components of the TEI file description are present. [3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References 2.2. The File Description 2.2.7. The Source Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declarable

@default

att.docStatus

@status

att.sortable

@sortKey

Member of

model.biblLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add cit corr del desc emph head hi item l listBibl meeting note orig p q quote ref reg relatedItem said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage taxonomy

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout msItem musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: climate event location object occupation org person personGrp persona place population state terrain trait

spoken: broadcast scriptStmt u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

header: editionStmt extent fileDesc notesStmt profileDesc publicationStmt seriesStmt sourceDesc titleStmt

Example

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:biblFull"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <sequence>
    <elementRef key="titleStmt"/>
    <elementRef key="editionStmt"
     minOccurs="0"/>
    <elementRef key="extent" minOccurs="0"/>
    <elementRef key="publicationStmt"/>
    <elementRef key="seriesStmt"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="notesStmt"
     minOccurs="0"/>
   </sequence>
   <elementRef key="sourceDesc"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="fileDesc"/>
   <elementRef key="profileDesc"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element biblFull
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.docStatus.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   (
      (
         (
            titleStmt,
            editionStmt?,
            extent?,
            publicationStmt,
            seriesStmt*,
            notesStmt?
         ),
         sourceDesc*
      )
    | ( fileDesc, profileDesc )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <biblFull> (fully-structured bibliographic citation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <biblFull> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <biblFull> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

2. The TEI Header

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Envisioning Information</title>
  <author>Tufte, Edward R[olf]</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <extent>126 pp.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn. USA</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
</biblFull>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<encodingDesc>

<encodingDesc> (encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived. [2.3. The Encoding Description 2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.teiHeaderPart

Contained by

header: teiHeader

May contain

core: p

gaiji: charDecl

header: appInfo classDecl editorialDecl geoDecl listPrefixDef projectDesc refsDecl samplingDecl schemaRef styleDefDecl tagsDecl unitDecl

iso-fs: fsdDecl

linking: ab

spoken: transcriptionDesc

tagdocs: constraintDecl schemaSpec

textcrit: variantEncoding

verse: metDecl

Example

<encodingDesc>
 <p>Basic encoding, capturing lexical information only. All
   hyphenation, punctuation, and variant spellings normalized. No
   formatting or layout information preserved.</p>
</encodingDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.encodingDescPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element encodingDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.encodingDescPart | model.pLike )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <encodingDesc> (encoding description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <encodingDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <encodingDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

6. Verse

16. Language Corpora

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  <taxonomy xml:id="UD-SYN"
   datcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/index.html">
   <desc>
    <term>UD syntactic relations</term>
   </desc>
   <category xml:id="acl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl</term>: Clausal modifier of noun (adjectival clause)</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="acl_relcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl-relcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl:relcl</term>: relative clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="advcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/advcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>advcl</term>: Adverbial clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
<!-- ... -->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.datcat

<!-- in the dictionary header --><encodingDesc>
 <classDecl>
  <taxonomy xml:id="domains">
<!--...-->
   <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences">
    <catDesc xml:lang="en">Medical and Health Sciences</catDesc>
    <catDesc xml:lang="pt">Ciências Médicas e da Saúde</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine"
     valueDatcat="https://vocabs.rossio.fcsh.unl.pt/pub/morais_domains/pt/page/0025">
     <catDesc xml:lang="en">
      <term>Medicine</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
     <catDesc xml:lang="pt">
      <term>Medicina</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
<!--...-->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
<!-- inside an <entry> element: -->
<usg type="domain"
 valueDatcat="#domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine">Med.</usg>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<encodingDesc>

<encodingDesc>
 <p>Basic encoding, capturing lexical information only. All
   hyphenation, punctuation, and variant spellings normalized. No
   formatting or layout information preserved.</p>
</encodingDesc>

<encodingDesc>

<encodingDesc>
 <projectDesc>
  <p>Corpus de textes sélectionnés pour la formation MISAT,
     Frejus, juillet 2010.</p>
 </projectDesc>
 <samplingDecl>
  <p>Corpus d'échantillons de 2000 mots pris au début de
     chaque texte.</p>
 </samplingDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.1. The Project Description

<encodingDesc>
 <projectDesc>
  <p>Texts collected for use in the
     Claremont Shakespeare Clinic, June 1990.</p>
 </projectDesc>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="keel" type="weight">
   <label>keel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 20" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 16" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Keel was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 20 chalders from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 16 chalders from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="chalder" type="weight">
   <label>chalder</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 32" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 36" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Chalder was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 32 bushels from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 36 bushels from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="bushel" type="weight">
   <label>bushel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <desc>Bushel was a unit measuring weight of coal.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="Celsius"
   type="temperature">
   <label>Celsius or Centigrade scale</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#Fahrenheit"
    toUnit="#Celsius" formula="($fromUnit - 32) * (5 div 9)"/>
   <desc>To convert from the Fahrenheit to the Celsius scale, subtract 32 from the Celsius temperature and multiply by 5/9.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="stadium" type="linear">
   <label>stadium</label>
   <placeName ref="#rome"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#pes"
    toUnit="#stadium" formula="$fromUnit * 625"/>
   <desc>The stadium was a Roman unit of linear measurement equivalent to 625 pedes, or Roman feet.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="wmw" type="power">
   <label>whatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#hpk"
    toUnit="#wmw" formula="$fromUnit * 1"/>
   <desc>In the Potrzebie system of measures as introduced by Donald Knuth, the whatmeworry unit of power is equivalent to one hah per kovac.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="kwmw" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#wmw"
    toUnit="#kwmw" formula="$fromUnit div 1000"/>
   <desc>The kilowhatmeworry is equivalent to 1000 whatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="ap" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#kwmw"
    toUnit="#ap" formula="$fromUnit div 100"/>
   <desc>One unit of aeolipower (A.P.) is equivalent to 100 kilowhatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.10. The Schema Specification

<encodingDesc>
<!-- Other encoding description elements... -->
 <schemaSpec ident="myTEICustomization"
  docLang="en" prefix="tei_" xml:lang="en" source="#NONE">
  <moduleRef key="core"/>
  <moduleRef key="tei"/>
  <moduleRef key="header"/>
  <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 </schemaSpec>
</encodingDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> pounds of flesh
</measure>
<measure type="currency">£10-11-6d</measure>
<measure type="area" unitRef="#merk">2 <unit>merks</unit> of old extent</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="merk" type="area">
   <label>merk</label>
   <placeName ref="#Scotland"/>
   <desc>A merk was an area of land determined variably by its agricultural
       productivity.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>3</num>
 <unit unitRef="#ell">ells</unit>
</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="ell">
   <label>ell</label>
   <placeName ref="#iceland"/>
   <desc>A unit of measure for cloth, roughly equivalent to 18 inches, or from an adult male’s elbow to the tip of the middle finger.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

6. Verse

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <metDecl xml:id="md_en" type="met"
  pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
  <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
 </metDecl>
 <metDecl xml:id="md_fr" type="met"
  pattern="(AAAAAT\|AAAAT(A)?)">
  <metSym value="T">syllabe tonique</metSym>
  <metSym value="A">syllabe atone</metSym>
  <metSym value="|">pause métrique</metSym>
 </metDecl>
<!-- ... -->
</encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div decls="#md_en">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
 <div decls="#md_fr">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>

16. Language Corpora

16.3.1. Combining Corpus and Text Headers

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- corpus file description-->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- default encoding description -->
  </encodingDesc>
  <revisionDesc>
<!-- corpus revision description -->
  </revisionDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- first corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
   <encodingDesc>
<!-- encoding description for this corpus text, over-riding the default -->
   </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- second corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for third corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- third corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<encodingDesc>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED1" default="true">
  <correction xml:id="C1A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C1B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N1">
   <p> ... </p>
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED2">
  <correction xml:id="C2A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C2B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N2A">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
  <normalization xml:id="N2B"
   default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
</encodingDesc>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- example -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsDecl type="gpsg">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
    <fsDecl type="lex">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lex">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- doc2 -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsdLink type="gpsg"
     target="example.xml#GPSG"/>
    <fsdLink type="lexx"
     target="example.xml#LEX"/>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lexx">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

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C Elements

<schemaRef>

<schemaRef> (schema reference) describes or points to a related customization or schema file. [2.3.10. The Schema Specification]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.resourced

@url

att.typed

@type

@subtype

key key⚓︎
the identifier used for the customization or schema.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

core: desc

Example

<schemaRef type="interchangeODD"
 url="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/odd/tei_lite.odd"/>
<schemaRef type="interchangeRNG"
 url="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/odd/tei_lite.rng"/>
<schemaRef type="projectODD"
 url="file:///schema/project.odd"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.descLike"
  minOccurs="0"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element schemaRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.resourced.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute key { teidata.xmlName }?,
   model.descLike?
}

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Example: <schemaRef> (schema reference)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <schemaRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <schemaRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

<schemaRef>

<schemaRef type="interchangeODD"
 url="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/odd/tei_lite.odd"/>
<schemaRef type="interchangeRNG"
 url="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/odd/tei_lite.rng"/>
<schemaRef type="projectODD"
 url="file:///schema/project.odd"/>

2.3.10. The Schema Specification

<schemaRef type="interchangeODD"
 url="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/odd/tei_lite.odd"/>
<schemaRef type="interchangeRNG"
 url="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/odd/tei_lite.rng"/>
<schemaRef type="projectODD"
 url="file:///schema/project.odd"/>

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<projectDesc>

<projectDesc> (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected. [2.3.1. The Project Description 2.3. The Encoding Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<projectDesc>
 <p>Texts collected for use in the Claremont Shakespeare Clinic, June 1990</p>
</projectDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:projectDesc"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element projectDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   model.pLike+
}

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C Elements

Example: <projectDesc> (project description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <projectDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <projectDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<encodingDesc>

<encodingDesc>
 <projectDesc>
  <p>Corpus de textes sélectionnés pour la formation MISAT,
     Frejus, juillet 2010.</p>
 </projectDesc>
 <samplingDecl>
  <p>Corpus d'échantillons de 2000 mots pris au début de
     chaque texte.</p>
 </samplingDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.1. The Project Description

<encodingDesc>
 <projectDesc>
  <p>Texts collected for use in the
     Claremont Shakespeare Clinic, June 1990.</p>
 </projectDesc>
</encodingDesc>

<projectDesc>

<projectDesc>
 <p>Texts collected for use in the Claremont Shakespeare Clinic, June 1990</p>
</projectDesc>

<projectDesc>

<projectDesc>
 <p>La saisie a été effectuée par notre partenaire Datactivity. Le texte saisi a été
   ensuite converti et remis en forme selon les normes du format XML, standard d’échange ou
   d’affichage de documents permettant de séparer la forme et le contenu et offrant une
   déclinaison d’outils qui donnent la possibilité d’exploiter un texte comme une véritable
   base de données. La norme adoptée (DTD) est le TEI (Text Encoding Initiative). </p>
 <p> Affichage et manipulation du texte (mise au format, filtrage, réorganisation) se font
   sur un serveur Apache à l'aide de l'infrastructure Axkit.</p>
 <p> Le moteur logiciel du site a été développé en Xpathscript et s'appuie sur les travaux
   de Dominique Quatravaux (Alliance Francophone Pour l'Avancement d'XPathScript) et de
   Yanick Champoux (support de Libxml via YPathScript).</p>
 <p>Les programmes développés pour le site sont mis à la disposition en open-source sur
   demande (contacter Alexandre Gefen). </p>
 <p>Les fonctions de recherche plein texte sont fournies par Philologic dans le cadre du
   partenariat du projet avec ARTFL.</p>
 <p>L’architecture de travail, sous Linux, est destinée à garantir une haute disponibilité
   et des performances optimales. La liaison avec Internet est assurée par les services
   informatiques de l’Université de Neuchâtel (SITEL).</p>
</projectDesc>

<projectDesc>

<projectDesc>
 <p>文件收集於1990年7月，杭州杜甫詩作研討會使用</p>
</projectDesc>

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C Elements

<samplingDecl>

<samplingDecl> (sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in selecting texts, or parts of a text, for inclusion in the resource. [2.3.2. The Sampling Declaration 2.3. The Encoding Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Note

This element records all information about systematic inclusion or omission of portions of the text, whether a reflection of sampling procedures in the pure sense or of systematic omission of material deemed either too difficult to transcribe or not of sufficient interest.

Example

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Samples of up to 2000 words taken at random from the beginning, middle, or end of each
   text identified as relevant by respondents.</p>
</samplingDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:samplingDecl"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element samplingDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   model.pLike+
}

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C Elements

Example: <samplingDecl> (sampling declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <samplingDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <samplingDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

2. The TEI Header

<encodingDesc>

<encodingDesc>
 <projectDesc>
  <p>Corpus de textes sélectionnés pour la formation MISAT,
     Frejus, juillet 2010.</p>
 </projectDesc>
 <samplingDecl>
  <p>Corpus d'échantillons de 2000 mots pris au début de
     chaque texte.</p>
 </samplingDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.2. The Sampling Declaration

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Samples of 2000 words taken from the beginning of the text.</p>
</samplingDecl>

2.3.2. The Sampling Declaration

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Text of stories only has been transcribed. Pull quotes, captions,
   and advertisements have been silently omitted. Any mathematical
   expressions requiring symbols not present in the ISOnum or ISOpub
   entity sets have been omitted, and their place marked with a GAP
   element.</p>
</samplingDecl>

<samplingDecl>

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Samples of up to 2000 words taken at random from the beginning, middle, or end of each
   text identified as relevant by respondents.</p>
</samplingDecl>

<samplingDecl>

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Corpus
   d'échantillons de 2000 mots pris au début de chaque texte. </p>
</samplingDecl>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.3. Documenting the Sampling of CMC data

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Sampled using the <name type="API">Twitter Filtered stream v2-API</name> (see <ptr type="APIdoc"
   target="https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/filtered-stream/api-reference/get-tweets-search-stream"/>) Filtered for the German language and the following countries: Germany, Austria,
   Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, and Luxembourg. Downloaded on <date when="2022-12-12">Mon 12 Dec 22</date> using the command
 <code>requests.get("https://api.twitter.com/2/tweets/search/stream",
     headers=headers, params=params, stream=True,)</code> in the python script <name type="script">collectFilteredTwitterStream.py</name>. </p>
</samplingDecl>

9.5.3. Documenting the Sampling of CMC data

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Downloaded from the news.individual.de server on 2016-01-15 using nntp client in
   Python</p>
</samplingDecl>

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C Elements

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl> (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text. [2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration 2.3. The Encoding Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

core: p

header: correction hyphenation interpretation normalization punctuation quotation segmentation stdVals

linking: ab

Example

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling using
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary
  </p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks converted to “ all closing
     quotation marks converted to &amp;cdq;.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:editorialDecl"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.editorialDeclPart"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element editorialDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   ( model.pLike | model.editorialDeclPart )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <editorialDecl> (editorial practice declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <editorialDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <editorialDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling using
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary
  </p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks converted to “ all closing
     quotation marks converted to &amp;cdq;.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p>Certains mots coupés par accident typographique en fin de ligne ont été réassemblés
     sans commentaire.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>Les "guillements français" ont été remplacée par des "guillemets droits" (sans
     symétrie)</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p> 所有字皆轉換為源自Websters 9th Collegiate字典的現代美語拼法</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>所有的前括號都改成" 後括號都改成 "</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Where both upper- and lower-case i, j, u, v, and vv have been normalized, to modern
     20th century typographical practice, the <gi>choice</gi> element has been used to
     enclose <gi>orig</gi> and <gi>reg</gi> elements giving the original and new values
     respectively. ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>Spacing between words and following punctuation has been regularized to zero spaces;
     spacing between words has been regularized to one space.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>Spelling converted throughout to Modern American usage, based on Websters 9th
     Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Là où les majuscules et les minuscules i, j, u, v et vv ont été normalisées selon la
     pratique typographique moderne, l'élément<gi> choice</gi> a été employé en association
     avec <gi>orig</gi> et <gi>reg</gi>pour fournir à la fois les formes originales et les
     formes nouvelles , respectivement ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p> L'espace entre chaque mot a été régularisé à un espace. Un signe de ponctuation
     simple est suivi d'un espace, un signe de ponctuation double est précédé et suivi d'un
     espace.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/langue/orthographe/plan.html">
  <p>Normalisation effectuée selon le Rapport Du Conseil Supérieur De La Langue Française
     publié dans les documents administratifs du Journal officiel du 6 décembre 1990</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>當大寫與小寫的 i, j, u, v, 以及vv已經標準化，符合二十世紀現代印刷術，<gi>choice</gi>元素就用來包含 <gi>orig</gi> 還有
  <gi>reg</gi> 兩個元素，並賦予新的意義。… </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>字與字後的標點符號之間規定沒有空格；字與字間規定留一個空格。</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>拼字源於Websters 9th Collegiate字典的現代美語用法</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<said>

<!-- in the header --><editorialDecl>
 <quotation marks="none"/>
</editorialDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Tantripp had brought a card, and said that <said direct="false">there was a gentleman waiting in the lobby</said>.
The courier had told him that <said direct="false">only Mrs. Casaubon was at home</said>,
but he said <said direct="false">he was a relation of Mr. Casaubon's: would she see him?</said>
</p>

<said>

<!-- in the header --><editorialDecl>
 <quotation marks="all"/>
</editorialDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>
 <said>"Our minstrel here will warm the old man's heart with song, dazzle him with jewels and
   gold"</said>, a troublemaker simpered. <said>"He'll trample on the Duke's camellias, spill
   his wine, and blunt his sword, and say his name begins with X, and in the end the Duke
   will say, <said>'Take Saralinda, with my blessing, O lordly Prince of Rags and Tags, O
     rider of the sun!'</said>"</said>
</p>

16. Language Corpora

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<editorialDecl>
 <correction xml:id="CorPol1"
  default="true">
  <p> ... </p>
 </correction>
 <correction xml:id="CorPol2">
  <p> ... </p>
 </correction>
 <normalization xml:id="n1">
  <p> ... </p>
  <p> ... </p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<encodingDesc>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED1" default="true">
  <correction xml:id="C1A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C1B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N1">
   <p> ... </p>
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED2">
  <correction xml:id="C2A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C2B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N2A">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
  <normalization xml:id="N2B"
   default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
</encodingDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<correction>

<correction> (correction principles) states how and under what circumstances corrections have been made in the text. [2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

status status⚓︎
indicates the degree of correction applied to the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

high

the text has been thoroughly checked and proofread.

medium

the text has been checked at least once.

low

the text has not been checked.

unknown

the correction status of the text is unknown.

method method⚓︎
indicates the method adopted to indicate corrections within the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

silent

corrections have been made silently [Default]

markup

corrections have been represented using markup

Member of

model.editorialDeclPart

Contained by

header: editorialDecl

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Note

May be used to note the results of proof reading the text against its original, indicating (for example) whether discrepancies have been silently rectified, or recorded using the editorial tags described in section 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes.

Example

<correction>
 <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the WordPerfect spelling checker, with a user
   defined dictionary of 500 extra words taken from Chambers Twentieth Century
   Dictionary.</p>
</correction>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:correction"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element correction
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   attribute status { "high" | "medium" | "low" | "unknown" }?,
   attribute method { "silent" | "markup" }?,
   model.pLike+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <correction> (correction principles)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <correction> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <correction> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

12. Representation of Primary Sources

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<correction>

<correction>
 <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the WordPerfect spelling checker, with a user
   defined dictionary of 500 extra words taken from Chambers Twentieth Century
   Dictionary.</p>
</correction>

<correction>

<correction>
 <p>Les erreurs de transcriptions ont été détectées et corrigées à l'aide du correcteur
   Cordial 2006 - Synapse</p>
</correction>

<correction>

<correction>
 <p>抄寫錯誤由WordPerfect拼寫檢查系統控制，該系統使用Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary裡內含之使用者自訂的500個詞條。</p>
</correction>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<correction>
 <p>The following codes are used to categorize corrections identified in this
   transcription: <list type="gloss">
   <label>graphSubs</label>
   <item>Substitution of a more familiar word which resembles graphically
       what the scribe should be copying but which does not make sense in the
       context.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</correction>

16. Language Corpora

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<editorialDecl>
 <correction xml:id="CorPol1"
  default="true">
  <p> ... </p>
 </correction>
 <correction xml:id="CorPol2">
  <p> ... </p>
 </correction>
 <normalization xml:id="n1">
  <p> ... </p>
  <p> ... </p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<encodingDesc>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED1" default="true">
  <correction xml:id="C1A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C1B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N1">
   <p> ... </p>
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED2">
  <correction xml:id="C2A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C2B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N2A">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
  <normalization xml:id="N2B"
   default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
</encodingDesc>

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C Elements

<normalization>

<normalization> (normalization) indicates the extent of normalization or regularization of the original source carried out in converting it to electronic form. [2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

method method⚓︎
indicates the method adopted to indicate normalizations within the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

silent

normalization made silently [Default]

markup

normalization represented using markup

Member of

model.editorialDeclPart

Contained by

header: editorialDecl

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Where both upper- and lower-case i, j, u, v, and vv have been normalized, to modern
     20th century typographical practice, the <gi>choice</gi> element has been used to
     enclose <gi>orig</gi> and <gi>reg</gi> elements giving the original and new values
     respectively. ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>Spacing between words and following punctuation has been regularized to zero spaces;
     spacing between words has been regularized to one space.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>Spelling converted throughout to Modern American usage, based on Websters 9th
     Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:normalization"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element normalization
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   attribute method { "silent" | "markup" }?,
   model.pLike+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <normalization> (normalization)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <normalization> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <normalization> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling using
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary
  </p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks converted to “ all closing
     quotation marks converted to &amp;cdq;.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p>Certains mots coupés par accident typographique en fin de ligne ont été réassemblés
     sans commentaire.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>Les "guillements français" ont été remplacée par des "guillemets droits" (sans
     symétrie)</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p> 所有字皆轉換為源自Websters 9th Collegiate字典的現代美語拼法</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>所有的前括號都改成" 後括號都改成 "</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Where both upper- and lower-case i, j, u, v, and vv have been normalized, to modern
     20th century typographical practice, the <gi>choice</gi> element has been used to
     enclose <gi>orig</gi> and <gi>reg</gi> elements giving the original and new values
     respectively. ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>Spacing between words and following punctuation has been regularized to zero spaces;
     spacing between words has been regularized to one space.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>Spelling converted throughout to Modern American usage, based on Websters 9th
     Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Là où les majuscules et les minuscules i, j, u, v et vv ont été normalisées selon la
     pratique typographique moderne, l'élément<gi> choice</gi> a été employé en association
     avec <gi>orig</gi> et <gi>reg</gi>pour fournir à la fois les formes originales et les
     formes nouvelles , respectivement ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p> L'espace entre chaque mot a été régularisé à un espace. Un signe de ponctuation
     simple est suivi d'un espace, un signe de ponctuation double est précédé et suivi d'un
     espace.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/langue/orthographe/plan.html">
  <p>Normalisation effectuée selon le Rapport Du Conseil Supérieur De La Langue Française
     publié dans les documents administratifs du Journal officiel du 6 décembre 1990</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>當大寫與小寫的 i, j, u, v, 以及vv已經標準化，符合二十世紀現代印刷術，<gi>choice</gi>元素就用來包含 <gi>orig</gi> 還有
  <gi>reg</gi> 兩個元素，並賦予新的意義。… </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>字與字後的標點符號之間規定沒有空格；字與字間規定留一個空格。</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>拼字源於Websters 9th Collegiate字典的現代美語用法</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

16. Language Corpora

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<editorialDecl>
 <correction xml:id="CorPol1"
  default="true">
  <p> ... </p>
 </correction>
 <correction xml:id="CorPol2">
  <p> ... </p>
 </correction>
 <normalization xml:id="n1">
  <p> ... </p>
  <p> ... </p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<encodingDesc>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED1" default="true">
  <correction xml:id="C1A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C1B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N1">
   <p> ... </p>
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED2">
  <correction xml:id="C2A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C2B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N2A">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
  <normalization xml:id="N2B"
   default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
</encodingDesc>

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C Elements

<quotation>

<quotation> (quotation) specifies editorial practice adopted with respect to quotation marks in the original. [2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

marks marks⚓︎
(quotation marks) indicates whether or not quotation marks have been retained as content within the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

none

no quotation marks have been retained

some

some quotation marks have been retained

all

all quotation marks have been retained

Member of

model.editorialDeclPart

Contained by

header: editorialDecl

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>No quotation marks have been retained. Instead, the <att>rend</att> attribute on the
 <gi>q</gi> element is used to specify what kinds of quotation mark was used, according
   to the following list: <list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>double quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>single quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>long dash open, no close</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>double guillemets, open and close</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<quotation marks="all">
 <p>All quotation marks are retained in the text and are represented by appropriate Unicode
   characters.</p>
</quotation>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:quotation"/>
</sch:pattern>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:quotation">
<sch:report test="not( @marks ) and not( tei:p )"> On <sch:name/>, either the @marks attribute should be used, or a paragraph of description provided
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element quotation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   attribute marks { "none" | "some" | "all" }?,
   model.pLike*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <quotation> (quotation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <quotation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <quotation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

2. The TEI Header

2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling using
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary
  </p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks converted to “ all closing
     quotation marks converted to &amp;cdq;.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p>Certains mots coupés par accident typographique en fin de ligne ont été réassemblés
     sans commentaire.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>Les "guillements français" ont été remplacée par des "guillemets droits" (sans
     symétrie)</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p> 所有字皆轉換為源自Websters 9th Collegiate字典的現代美語拼法</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>所有的前括號都改成" 後括號都改成 "</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>No quotation marks have been retained. Instead, the <att>rend</att> attribute on the
 <gi>q</gi> element is used to specify what kinds of quotation mark was used, according
   to the following list: <list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>double quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>single quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>long dash open, no close</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>double guillemets, open and close</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>Aucun guillemet n'a été conservé. Au lieu de cela, on a utilisé l'attribut
 <att>rend</att> pour l'élément <gi>q</gi> afin de spécifier quel type de guillemet a été
   utilisé, selon la liste suivante : <list type="gloss">
   <label>ga</label>
   <item>guillemet allemand</item>
   <label>gd</label>
   <item>guillemet anglais ou guillemet dactylographique </item>
   <label>gf</label>
   <item>guillemet français</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="all">
 <p>Tous les guillemets sont maintenus dans le texte et sont représentés par les caractères
   Unicode appropriés.</p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>不保留引號，改用元素<gi>q</gi>內的屬性<att>rend</att> 來區分引號的種類，種類如下：<list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>雙引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>單引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>破折號，僅前面一個</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>雙箭號，前後各一</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="all">
 <p>保留所有引號，以合適的Unicode字形表示。</p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="all">
 <p>All quotation marks are retained in the text and are represented by appropriate Unicode
   characters.</p>
</quotation>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Alors,
Albert, quoi de neuf ?</said>
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Il fait beau,</said>
dit Robert.

<!-- ... within the header -->
<rendition xml:id="dashBefore"
 scope="before">content: '— '</rendition>
<!-- ... -->
<quotation marks="none"/>

<said>

<!-- in the header --><editorialDecl>
 <quotation marks="none"/>
</editorialDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Tantripp had brought a card, and said that <said direct="false">there was a gentleman waiting in the lobby</said>.
The courier had told him that <said direct="false">only Mrs. Casaubon was at home</said>,
but he said <said direct="false">he was a relation of Mr. Casaubon's: would she see him?</said>
</p>

<said>

<!-- in the header --><editorialDecl>
 <quotation marks="all"/>
</editorialDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>
 <said>"Our minstrel here will warm the old man's heart with song, dazzle him with jewels and
   gold"</said>, a troublemaker simpered. <said>"He'll trample on the Duke's camellias, spill
   his wine, and blunt his sword, and say his name begins with X, and in the end the Duke
   will say, <said>'Take Saralinda, with my blessing, O lordly Prince of Rags and Tags, O
     rider of the sun!'</said>"</said>
</p>

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C Elements

<hyphenation>

<hyphenation> (hyphenation) summarizes the way in which hyphenation in a source text has been treated in an encoded version of it. [2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

eol eol⚓︎
(end-of-line) indicates whether or not end-of-line hyphenation has been retained in a text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

all

all end-of-line hyphenation has been retained, even though the lineation of the original may not have been.

some

end-of-line hyphenation has been retained in some cases. [Default]

hard

all soft end-of-line hyphenation has been removed: any remaining end-of-line hyphenation should be retained.

none

all end-of-line hyphenation has been removed: any remaining hyphenation occurred within the line.

Member of

model.editorialDeclPart

Contained by

header: editorialDecl

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<hyphenation eol="some">
 <p>End-of-line hyphenation silently removed where appropriate</p>
</hyphenation>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:hyphenation"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element hyphenation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   attribute eol { "all" | "some" | "hard" | "none" }?,
   model.pLike+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <hyphenation> (hyphenation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <hyphenation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <hyphenation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

<hyphenation>

<hyphenation eol="some">
 <p>End-of-line hyphenation silently removed where appropriate</p>
</hyphenation>

<hyphenation>

<hyphenation eol="some">
 <p>Le cas échéant, suppression du tiret de coupure de mot en de fin de ligne.</p>
</hyphenation>

<hyphenation>

<hyphenation eol="some">
 <p>行末連字符號，必要時可以移除。</p>
</hyphenation>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

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C Elements

<segmentation>

<segmentation> (segmentation) describes the principles according to which the text has been segmented, for example into sentences, tone-units, graphemic strata, etc. [2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.editorialDeclPart

Contained by

header: editorialDecl

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<segmentation>
 <p>
  <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and are numbered sequentially within
   their parent <gi>div</gi> element </p>
</segmentation>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<p>
 <gi>seg</gi> elements are used to mark functional constituents of various types within each
<gi>s</gi>; the typology used is defined by a <gi>taxonomy</gi> element in the corpus
header <gi>classDecl</gi>
</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:segmentation"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element segmentation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   model.pLike+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <segmentation> (segmentation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <segmentation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <segmentation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<segmentation>

<segmentation>
 <p>
  <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and are numbered sequentially within
   their parent <gi>div</gi> element </p>
</segmentation>

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C Elements

<stdVals>

<stdVals> (standard values) specifies the format used when standardized date or number values are supplied. [2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.editorialDeclPart

Contained by

header: editorialDecl

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<stdVals>
 <p>All integer numbers are left-filled with zeroes to 8 digits.</p>
</stdVals>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:stdVals"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element stdVals
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   model.pLike+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <stdVals> (standard values)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <stdVals> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <stdVals> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

<stdVals>

<stdVals>
 <p>All integer numbers are left-filled with zeroes to 8 digits.</p>
</stdVals>

<stdVals>

<stdVals>
 <p>Les nombres entiers sont précédés de 0 à 8 chiffres.</p>
</stdVals>

<stdVals>

<stdVals>
 <p>所有數字四捨五入至小數點第二位</p>
</stdVals>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

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C Elements

<interpretation>

<interpretation> (interpretation) describes the scope of any analytic or interpretive information added to the text in addition to the transcription. [2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.editorialDeclPart

Contained by

header: editorialDecl

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<interpretation>
 <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was added by hand and has not
   been checked</p>
</interpretation>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:interpretation"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element interpretation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   model.pLike+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <interpretation> (interpretation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <interpretation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <interpretation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<interpretation>

<interpretation>
 <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was added by hand and has not
   been checked</p>
</interpretation>

<interpretation>

<interpretation>
 <p>La partie concernant l'analyse de discours qui a été appliquée partout dans la section
   4 a été ajoutée à la main et n'a pas été vérifiée.</p>
</interpretation>

<interpretation>

<interpretation>
 <p>第四節部份言說分析是手寫加上去的，尚未檢查。</p>
</interpretation>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

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C Elements

<punctuation>

<punctuation> specifies editorial practice adopted with respect to punctuation marks in the original. [2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration 3.2. Treatment of Punctuation]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

marks marks⚓︎
indicates whether or not punctation marks have been retained as content within the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

none

no punctuation marks have been retained

some

some punctuation marks have been retained

all

all punctuation marks have been retained

placement placement⚓︎
indicates the positioning of punctuation marks that are associated with marked up text as being encoded within the element surrounding the text or immediately before or after it.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

internal

punctuation marks found at the start or end of a marked up text component are included within its surrounding element;

external

punctuation marks found at the start or end of a marked up text component appear immediately before or after the surrounding element

Member of

model.editorialDeclPart

Contained by

header: editorialDecl

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<punctuation marks="all"
 placement="internal">
 <p>All punctuation marks in the source text have been retained and represented using the
   appropriate Unicode code point. In cases where a punctuation mark and nearby markup convey
   the same information (for example, a sentence ends with a question mark and is also tagged
   as <gi>s</gi>) the punctuation mark is captured as content within the element.</p>
</punctuation>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

External placement of punctuation:

<p>I would agree with Saint Augustine that “<quote>An unjust law is no law at all</quote>.”</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

Internal placement of punctuation:

<p>I would agree with Saint Augustine that <quote>“An unjust law is no law at all.”</quote>
</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:punctuation"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element punctuation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   attribute marks { "none" | "some" | "all" }?,
   attribute placement { "internal" | "external" }?,
   model.pLike*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <punctuation>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <punctuation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <punctuation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

<punctuation>

<punctuation marks="all"
 placement="internal">
 <p>All punctuation marks in the source text have been retained and represented using the
   appropriate Unicode code point. In cases where a punctuation mark and nearby markup convey
   the same information (for example, a sentence ends with a question mark and is also tagged
   as <gi>s</gi>) the punctuation mark is captured as content within the element.</p>
</punctuation>

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<tagsDecl>

<tagsDecl> (tagging declaration) provides detailed information about the tagging applied to a document. [2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration 2.3. The Encoding Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

partial partial⚓︎
indicates whether the element types listed exhaustively include all those found within text, or represent only a subset.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Note

TEI recommended practice is to specify this attribute. When the tagUsage elements inside tagsDecl are used to list each of the element types in the associated text, the value should be given as false. When the tagUsage elements inside tagsDecl are used to provide usage information or default renditions for only a subset of the elements types within the associated text, the value should be true.

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

header: namespace rendition

Example

<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition xml:id="rend-it" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi, name, title">font-style: italic;</rendition>
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="467"/>
  <tagUsage gi="title" occurs="45"/>
 </namespace>
 <namespace name="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <tagUsage gi="para" occurs="10"/>
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

If the partial attribute were not specified here, the implication would be that the document in question contains only hi, title, and <para> elements.

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="rendition" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="namespace" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element tagsDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute partial { teidata.truthValue }?,
   ( rendition*, namespace* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <tagsDecl> (tagging declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <tagsDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <tagsDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<tagsDecl>
<!-- define italic style using CSS, selecting it as default for emph and hi elements -->
 <rendition xml:id="IT" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi">font-style: italic;</rendition>
<!-- define a serif font family, selecting it as default for the text element -->
 <rendition xml:id="FontRoman" scheme="css"
  selector="text">font-family: serif;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
   <p rendition="#IT">
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is in italic-->
   </p>
   <p>
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is not in italic -->
   </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

att.datcat

<tagsDecl partial="true">
<!-- ... -->
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="pos"
   targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">Contains the part of speech.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="case"
   targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1840_9f4e319c-f233-6c90-9117-7270e215f039">Contains information about the grammatical case that the described form is inflected for.</tagUsage>
<!-- ... -->
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<styleDefDecl scheme="css"
 schemeVersion="2.1"/>
<!-- ... -->
<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="center">text-align: center;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="small">font-size: small;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="large">font-size: large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="x-large">font-size: x-large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="xx-large">font-size: xx-large</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="expanded">letter-spacing: +3pt;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="x-space">line-height: 150%;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="xx-space">line-height: 200%;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="red">color: red;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

<tagsDecl>

<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition xml:id="rend-it" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi, name, title">font-style: italic;</rendition>
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="467"/>
  <tagUsage gi="title" occurs="45"/>
 </namespace>
 <namespace name="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <tagUsage gi="para" occurs="10"/>
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<tagUsage>

<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition xml:id="it" scheme="css"
  selector="foreign, hi"> font-style: italic; </rendition>
<!-- ... -->
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28" withId="2"> Used to mark English words italicized in the copy text.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="foreign">Used to mark non-English words in the copy text.</tagUsage>
<!-- ... -->
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<tagUsage>

<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="fr_it">A noter l'emploi d'une variante penchée ou italique dans la fonte
   actuelle.</rendition>
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="abbr"> Les abréviations étant très courantes et de type
  <term>brevigraph</term> (voir le manuel TEI), l'attribut "type" a cette valeur par
     défaut. Dans les autres cas, ("Sénécial" abrégé par "Sénat") , l'attribut "type " a
     explicitement la valeur "contraction" et l'attribut "expan" contient la forme
     développée.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="lb">Chaque ligne est numérotée depuis le début du corps de la lettre (sauf
     le titre).</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="lb">Chaque page est numérotée sous la forme d'un numéro de folio suivi de
     "recto" ou "verso". Dans certains cas, le foliotage réel n'est pas celui qui est
     indiqué sur le registre. Dans ce cas, les deux numérotations sont gardées.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="unclear">Mots difficiles à lire</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="opener">Phrase(s) d'introduction de la lettre.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="signed">Signature du copiste.</tagUsage>
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<rendition>

<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="r-center" scheme="css">text-align: center;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="r-small" scheme="css">font-size: small;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="r-large" scheme="css">font-size: large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="initcaps"
  scope="first-letter" scheme="css">font-size: xx-large</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

<styleDefDecl>

<styleDefDecl scheme="css"
 schemeVersion="2.1"/>
<!-- ... -->
<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="boldface">font-weight: bold;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="italicstyle">font-style: italic;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<said>Who-e debel
you?</said> — he at last said —
<said>you no speak-e,
damme, I kill-e.</said> And so saying,
the lighted tomahawk began flourishing
about me in the dark.

<!-- in the header: -->
<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition scheme="css" selector="said"
  scope="before">content:"‘";</rendition>
 <rendition scheme="css" selector="said"
  scope="after">content:"’";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

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<tagUsage>

<tagUsage> (element usage) documents the usage of a specific element within a specified document. [2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

gi gi⚓︎
(generic identifier) specifies the name (generic identifier) of the element indicated by the tag, within the namespace indicated by the parent namespace element.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.name

occurs occurs⚓︎
specifies the number of occurrences of this element within the text.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.count

withId withId⚓︎
(with unique identifier) specifies the number of occurrences of this element within the text which bear a distinct value for the global xml:id attribute.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.count

Contained by

header: namespace

May contain

core: abbr address bibl biblStruct choice cit date desc distinct email emph expan foreign gloss hi label list listBibl measure measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: table

header: biblFull idno

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef tag val

textcrit: listApp listWit

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: am ex subst

character data

Example

<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition xml:id="it" scheme="css"
  selector="foreign, hi"> font-style: italic; </rendition>
<!-- ... -->
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28" withId="2"> Used to mark English words italicized in the copy text.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="foreign">Used to mark non-English words in the copy text.</tagUsage>
<!-- ... -->
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.limitedContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element tagUsage
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   attribute gi { teidata.name },
   attribute occurs { teidata.count }?,
   attribute withId { teidata.count }?,
   macro.limitedContent
}

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Example: <tagUsage> (element usage)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <tagUsage> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <tagUsage> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

7. Performance Texts

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<tagsDecl partial="true">
<!-- ... -->
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="pos"
   targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">Contains the part of speech.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="case"
   targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1840_9f4e319c-f233-6c90-9117-7270e215f039">Contains information about the grammatical case that the described form is inflected for.</tagUsage>
<!-- ... -->
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.2. Tag Usage

<tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28"> Used only to mark English words italicised in the copy text.
</tagUsage>

2.3.4.2. Tag Usage

<tagUsage gi="pb" occurs="321" withId="321"> Marks page beginnings in the York
(1734) edition only </tagUsage>

<tagsDecl>

<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition xml:id="rend-it" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi, name, title">font-style: italic;</rendition>
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="467"/>
  <tagUsage gi="title" occurs="45"/>
 </namespace>
 <namespace name="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <tagUsage gi="para" occurs="10"/>
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<tagUsage>

<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition xml:id="it" scheme="css"
  selector="foreign, hi"> font-style: italic; </rendition>
<!-- ... -->
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28" withId="2"> Used to mark English words italicized in the copy text.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="foreign">Used to mark non-English words in the copy text.</tagUsage>
<!-- ... -->
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<tagUsage>

<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="fr_it">A noter l'emploi d'une variante penchée ou italique dans la fonte
   actuelle.</rendition>
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="abbr"> Les abréviations étant très courantes et de type
  <term>brevigraph</term> (voir le manuel TEI), l'attribut "type" a cette valeur par
     défaut. Dans les autres cas, ("Sénécial" abrégé par "Sénat") , l'attribut "type " a
     explicitement la valeur "contraction" et l'attribut "expan" contient la forme
     développée.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="lb">Chaque ligne est numérotée depuis le début du corps de la lettre (sauf
     le titre).</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="lb">Chaque page est numérotée sous la forme d'un numéro de folio suivi de
     "recto" ou "verso". Dans certains cas, le foliotage réel n'est pas celui qui est
     indiqué sur le registre. Dans ce cas, les deux numérotations sont gardées.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="unclear">Mots difficiles à lire</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="opener">Phrase(s) d'introduction de la lettre.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="signed">Signature du copiste.</tagUsage>
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<namespace>

<namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28" withId="2"> Used only to mark English words
   italicized in the copy text </tagUsage>
</namespace>

<namespace>

<namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <tagUsage gi="foreign">Employé pour marquer des mots non-français dans le
   texte.</tagUsage>
</namespace>

<namespace>

<namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28" withId="2"> 僅用於標示副本上的斜體英文字</tagUsage>
</namespace>

7. Performance Texts

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<tagUsage gi="stage">This element is used for all stage directions,
editorial or authorial. The type attribute on this element takes
one or more of the following values:
<list type="gloss">
  <label>setting</label>
  <item>describes the set</item>
  <label>blocking</label>
  <item>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</item>
  <label>business</label>
  <item>describes movement other than blocking</item>
  <label>delivery</label>
  <item>describes how the line is said</item>
  <label>motivation</label>
  <item>describes character's emotional state or through line</item>
 </list>
</tagUsage>

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<namespace>

<namespace> (namespace) supplies the formal name of the namespace to which the elements documented by its children belong. [2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

name name⚓︎
specifies the full formal name of the namespace concerned.

Status
Required

Datatype
0–1 occurrences of teidata.namespace separated by whitespace

Contained by

header: tagsDecl

May contain

header: tagUsage

Example

<namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28" withId="2"> Used only to mark English words
   italicized in the copy text </tagUsage>
</namespace>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="tagUsage" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element namespace
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute name { teidata.namespace? },
   tagUsage+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <namespace> (namespace)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <namespace> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <namespace> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<tagsDecl partial="true">
<!-- ... -->
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="pos"
   targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">Contains the part of speech.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="case"
   targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1840_9f4e319c-f233-6c90-9117-7270e215f039">Contains information about the grammatical case that the described form is inflected for.</tagUsage>
<!-- ... -->
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

2. The TEI Header

<tagsDecl>

<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition xml:id="rend-it" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi, name, title">font-style: italic;</rendition>
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="467"/>
  <tagUsage gi="title" occurs="45"/>
 </namespace>
 <namespace name="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <tagUsage gi="para" occurs="10"/>
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<tagUsage>

<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition xml:id="it" scheme="css"
  selector="foreign, hi"> font-style: italic; </rendition>
<!-- ... -->
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28" withId="2"> Used to mark English words italicized in the copy text.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="foreign">Used to mark non-English words in the copy text.</tagUsage>
<!-- ... -->
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<tagUsage>

<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="fr_it">A noter l'emploi d'une variante penchée ou italique dans la fonte
   actuelle.</rendition>
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="abbr"> Les abréviations étant très courantes et de type
  <term>brevigraph</term> (voir le manuel TEI), l'attribut "type" a cette valeur par
     défaut. Dans les autres cas, ("Sénécial" abrégé par "Sénat") , l'attribut "type " a
     explicitement la valeur "contraction" et l'attribut "expan" contient la forme
     développée.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="lb">Chaque ligne est numérotée depuis le début du corps de la lettre (sauf
     le titre).</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="lb">Chaque page est numérotée sous la forme d'un numéro de folio suivi de
     "recto" ou "verso". Dans certains cas, le foliotage réel n'est pas celui qui est
     indiqué sur le registre. Dans ce cas, les deux numérotations sont gardées.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="unclear">Mots difficiles à lire</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="opener">Phrase(s) d'introduction de la lettre.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="signed">Signature du copiste.</tagUsage>
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<namespace>

<namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28" withId="2"> Used only to mark English words
   italicized in the copy text </tagUsage>
</namespace>

<namespace>

<namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <tagUsage gi="foreign">Employé pour marquer des mots non-français dans le
   texte.</tagUsage>
</namespace>

<namespace>

<namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28" withId="2"> 僅用於標示副本上的斜體英文字</tagUsage>
</namespace>

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<rendition>

<rendition> (rendition) supplies information about the rendition or appearance of one or more elements in the source text. [2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.styleDef

@scheme

@schemeVersion

scope scope⚓︎
where CSS is used, provides a way of defining ‘pseudo-elements’, that is, styling rules applicable to specific sub-portions of an element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

first-line

styling applies to the first line of the target element

first-letter

styling applies to the first letter of the target element

before

styling should be applied immediately before the content of the target element

after

styling should be applied immediately after the content of the target element

selector selector⚓︎
contains a selector or series of selectors specifying the elements to which the contained style description applies, expressed in the language specified in the scheme attribute.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

<rendition scheme="css"
 selector="text, front, back, body, div, p, ab">
display: block;
</rendition>

Show all ⚓︎

<rendition scheme="css"
 selector="*[rend*=italic]"> font-style: italic;
</rendition>

Show all ⚓︎

Note

Since the default value of the scheme attribute is assumed to be CSS, the default expectation for this attribute, in the absence of scheme, is that CSS selector syntax will be used.

While rendition is used to point from an element in the transcribed source to a rendition element in the header which describes how it appears, the selector attribute allows the encoder to point in the other direction: from a rendition in the header to a collection of elements which all share the same renditional features. In both cases, the intention is to record the appearance of the source text, not to prescribe any particular output rendering.

Contained by

header: tagsDecl

May contain

core: abbr address bibl biblStruct choice cit date desc distinct email emph expan foreign gloss hi label list listBibl measure measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: table

header: biblFull idno

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef tag val

textcrit: listApp listWit

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: am ex subst

character data

Example

<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="r-center" scheme="css">text-align: center;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="r-small" scheme="css">font-size: small;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="r-large" scheme="css">font-size: large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="initcaps"
  scope="first-letter" scheme="css">font-size: xx-large</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.limitedContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element rendition
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.styleDef.attributes,
   attribute scope { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute selector { teidata.text }?,
   macro.limitedContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <rendition> (rendition)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <rendition> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <rendition> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<tagsDecl>
<!-- define italic style using CSS, selecting it as default for emph and hi elements -->
 <rendition xml:id="IT" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi">font-style: italic;</rendition>
<!-- define a serif font family, selecting it as default for the text element -->
 <rendition xml:id="FontRoman" scheme="css"
  selector="text">font-family: serif;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
   <p rendition="#IT">
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is in italic-->
   </p>
   <p>
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is not in italic -->
   </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

att.global.rendition

<head rendition="#ac #sc">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle, <lb/>On Her
<lb/>
 <hi rendition="#normal">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>
<!-- elsewhere... -->
<rendition xml:id="sc" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="normal" scheme="css">font-variant: normal</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="ac" scheme="css">text-align: center</rendition>

att.global.rendition

<head rendition="#ac #sc">
 <lb/>épître dédicatoire <lb/>à <lb/>Monsieur de Coucy <lb/>
</head>
<rendition xml:id="fr_sc" scheme="css">font-variant: uppercase</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="fr_ac" scheme="css">text-align: center</rendition>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<rendition scheme="css" selector="front p">
font-size: 110%;
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
</rendition>

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<rendition scheme="css" selector="body p">
font-size: 100%;
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
</rendition>

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<styleDefDecl scheme="css"
 schemeVersion="2.1"/>
<!-- ... -->
<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="center">text-align: center;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="small">font-size: small;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="large">font-size: large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="x-large">font-size: x-large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="xx-large">font-size: xx-large</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="expanded">letter-spacing: +3pt;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="x-space">line-height: 150%;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="xx-space">line-height: 200%;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="red">color: red;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<rendition xml:id="quoteBefore"
 scheme="css" scope="before">content:
'“';</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="quoteAfter" scheme="css"
 scope="after">content:
'”';</rendition>

<tagsDecl>

<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition xml:id="rend-it" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi, name, title">font-style: italic;</rendition>
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="467"/>
  <tagUsage gi="title" occurs="45"/>
 </namespace>
 <namespace name="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <tagUsage gi="para" occurs="10"/>
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<tagUsage>

<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition xml:id="it" scheme="css"
  selector="foreign, hi"> font-style: italic; </rendition>
<!-- ... -->
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="hi" occurs="28" withId="2"> Used to mark English words italicized in the copy text.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="foreign">Used to mark non-English words in the copy text.</tagUsage>
<!-- ... -->
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<tagUsage>

<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="fr_it">A noter l'emploi d'une variante penchée ou italique dans la fonte
   actuelle.</rendition>
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="abbr"> Les abréviations étant très courantes et de type
  <term>brevigraph</term> (voir le manuel TEI), l'attribut "type" a cette valeur par
     défaut. Dans les autres cas, ("Sénécial" abrégé par "Sénat") , l'attribut "type " a
     explicitement la valeur "contraction" et l'attribut "expan" contient la forme
     développée.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="lb">Chaque ligne est numérotée depuis le début du corps de la lettre (sauf
     le titre).</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="lb">Chaque page est numérotée sous la forme d'un numéro de folio suivi de
     "recto" ou "verso". Dans certains cas, le foliotage réel n'est pas celui qui est
     indiqué sur le registre. Dans ce cas, les deux numérotations sont gardées.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="unclear">Mots difficiles à lire</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="opener">Phrase(s) d'introduction de la lettre.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="signed">Signature du copiste.</tagUsage>
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<rendition>

<rendition scheme="css"
 selector="text, front, back, body, div, p, ab">
display: block;
</rendition>

<rendition>

<rendition scheme="css"
 selector="*[rend*=italic]"> font-style: italic;
</rendition>

<rendition>

<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="r-center" scheme="css">text-align: center;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="r-small" scheme="css">font-size: small;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="r-large" scheme="css">font-size: large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="initcaps"
  scope="first-letter" scheme="css">font-size: xx-large</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

<styleDefDecl>

<styleDefDecl scheme="css"
 schemeVersion="2.1"/>
<!-- ... -->
<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="boldface">font-weight: bold;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="italicstyle">font-style: italic;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<l>Here Thou, great <name rendition="#italic">Anna</name>!
whom three Realms obey,</l>
<l>Doth sometimes Counsel take —
and sometimes <emph rendition="#italic">Tea</emph>.</l>
<!-- in the header ... -->
<rendition xml:id="italic" scheme="css">font-style: italic</rendition>

3.3.3. Quotation

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Alors,
Albert, quoi de neuf ?</said>
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Il fait beau,</said>
dit Robert.

<!-- ... within the header -->
<rendition xml:id="dashBefore"
 scope="before">content: '— '</rendition>
<!-- ... -->
<quotation marks="none"/>

3.3.3. Quotation

<said>Who-e debel
you?</said> — he at last said —
<said>you no speak-e,
damme, I kill-e.</said> And so saying,
the lighted tomahawk began flourishing
about me in the dark.

<!-- in the header: -->
<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition scheme="css" selector="said"
  scope="before">content:"‘";</rendition>
 <rendition scheme="css" selector="said"
  scope="after">content:"’";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<styleDefDecl>

<styleDefDecl> (style definition language declaration) specifies the name of the formal language in which style or renditional information is supplied elsewhere in the document. The specific version of the scheme may also be supplied. [2.3.5. The Default Style Definition Language Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

att.styleDef

@scheme

@schemeVersion

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<styleDefDecl scheme="css"
 schemeVersion="2.1"/>
<!-- ... -->
<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="boldface">font-weight: bold;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="italicstyle">font-style: italic;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:styleDefDecl"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element styleDefDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.styleDef.attributes,
   model.pLike*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <styleDefDecl> (style definition language declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <styleDefDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <styleDefDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<styleDefDecl scheme="css"
 schemeVersion="2.1"/>
<!-- ... -->
<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="center">text-align: center;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="small">font-size: small;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="large">font-size: large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="x-large">font-size: x-large;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="xx-large">font-size: xx-large</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="expanded">letter-spacing: +3pt;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="x-space">line-height: 150%;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="xx-space">line-height: 200%;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="red">color: red;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

<styleDefDecl>

<styleDefDecl scheme="css"
 schemeVersion="2.1"/>
<!-- ... -->
<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="boldface">font-weight: bold;</rendition>
 <rendition xml:id="italicstyle">font-style: italic;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

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C Elements

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl> (references declaration) specifies how canonical references are constructed for this text. [2.3.6.3. Milestone Method 2.3. The Encoding Description 2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

core: p

header: cRefPattern citeStructure refState

linking: ab

Example

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([A-Za-z0-9]+) ([0-9]+):([0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//body/div[@n='$1']/div[$2]/div3[$3])"/>
</refsDecl>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This example is a formal representation for the referencing scheme described informally in the following example.

Example

<refsDecl>
 <p>References are made up by concatenating the value for the
 <att>n</att> attribute on the highest level <gi>div</gi>
   element, followed by a space, followed by the sequential
   number of the next level <gi>div</gi> followed by a colon
   followed by the sequential number of the next (and lowest)
   level <gi>div</gi>.</p>
</refsDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:refsDecl"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="citeStructure"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="cRefPattern"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="refState" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element refsDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | citeStructure+ | cRefPattern+ | refState+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <refsDecl> (references declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <refsDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <refsDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.3.6.1. Prose Method

<refsDecl>
 <p>The <att>n</att> attribute of each text in this corpus carries a
   unique identifying code for the whole text. The title of the text is
   held as the content of the first <gi>head</gi> element within each
   text. The <att>n</att> attribute on each <gi>div1</gi> and
 <gi>div2</gi> contains the canonical reference for each such
   division, in the form 'XX.yyy', where XX is the book number in Roman
   numerals, and yyy the section number in arabic. Line beginnings are
   marked by empty <gi>lb</gi> elements, each of which includes the
   through line number in Casaubon's edition as the value of its
 <gi>n</gi> attribute.</p>
 <p>The through line number and the text identifier uniquely identify
   any line. A canonical reference may be made up by concatenating the
 <gi>n</gi> values from the <gi>text</gi>, <gi>div1</gi>, or
 <gi>div2</gi> and calculating the line number within each part.</p>
</refsDecl>

2.3.6.3. Milestone Method

<refsDecl>
 <refState ed="first" unit="page" length="2"
  delim="."/>
 <refState ed="first" unit="line" length="3"/>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([A-Za-z0-9]+) ([0-9]+):([0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//body/div[@n='$1']/div[$2]/div3[$3])"/>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([A-Za-z0-9]+) ([0-9]+):([0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//body/div[@n='$1']/div[$2]/div3[$3])"/>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl xml:id="fr_ASLREF">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
  replacementPattern="#fr_xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
  <p>Une référence a été créée en assemblant les éléments suivants dans l'ordre inverse de
     la liste qui suit : <list>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> du précédent <gi>lb</gi>
    </item>
    <item>une période</item>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> de l'ancêtre <gi>div2</gi>
    </item>
    <item>un espace</item>
    <item>la valeur<att>n</att> du parent <gi>div1</gi>
    </item>
   </list>
  </p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <p>參照是將位於最高層級的<gi>div</gi>元素的屬性<att>n</att>值串聯起來，
   其後跟著空格和續接的下一層級<gi>div</gi>，接著冒點，
   然後是續接的下一(最低) 層級的<gi>div</gi>所組成。</p>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <p>References are made up by concatenating the value for the
 <att>n</att> attribute on the highest level <gi>div</gi>
   element, followed by a space, followed by the sequential
   number of the next level <gi>div</gi> followed by a colon
   followed by the sequential number of the next (and lowest)
   level <gi>div</gi>.</p>
</refsDecl>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+ [0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//l[@n='$1'])"/>
</refsDecl>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+ [0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//l[@n='$1'])"/>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+ [0-9]+\.[0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div2[@n='$1'])"/>
</refsDecl>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.*)"
  replacementPattern="#$1"/>
</refsDecl>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <citeStructure unit="work" match="//div1"
  use="@n">
  <citeStructure unit="book" match="div2"
   use="@n" delim=" ">
   <citeStructure unit="poem" match="div3"
    use="@n" delim=".">
    <citeStructure unit="line" match="l"
     use="@n" delim="."/>
   </citeStructure>
  </citeStructure>
 </citeStructure>
</refsDecl>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <citeStructure unit="work" match="//div1"
  use="@n">
  <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
   use="head"/>
  <citeStructure unit="book" match="div2"
   use="@n" delim=" ">
   <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
    use="head"/>
   <citeStructure unit="poem" match="div3"
    use="@n" delim=".">
    <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
     use="head"/>
    <citeStructure unit="line" match="l"
     use="@n" delim="."/>
   </citeStructure>
  </citeStructure>
 </citeStructure>
</refsDecl>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <p>Standard references to work, book, poem, and line may be
   constructed from the milestone tags in the text.</p>
</refsDecl>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="work" delim=" "/>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="book" delim="."/>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="poem" delim=":"/>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="line"/>
</refsDecl>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.5. Canonical References

<refsDecl xml:id="biblical">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+):(.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[@n='$2']/div[@n='$3]')">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references the <q>book,</q>
   <q>chapter,</q> and <q>verse</q> parts of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[$2])">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references the <q>book</q> and
  <q>chapter</q> parts of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1'])">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references just the <q>book</q>
     part of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

17.2.5.2. Complete and Partial URI Examples

<refsDecl xml:id="USC">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Cc](h(\.|ap(ter|\.)?)?)?\s*([1-9][0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1C$5.txt">
  <p>Matches most standard references to particular
     chapters of the United States Code, e.g.
  <val>11USCC7</val>, <val>17 U.S.C. Chapter 3</val>, or
  <val>14 USC Ch. 5</val>. Note that a leading zero is
     required for the title (must be two digits), but is not
     permitted for the chapter number.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Pp](re(lim(inary)?)?)?\s*[Mm](at(erial)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1T.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the preliminary material for a
     given title, e.g. <val>11USCP</val>, <val>17 U.S.C.
       Prelim Mat</val>, or <val>14 USC pm</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Aa](ppend(ix)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1A.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the appendix of a given tile,
     e.g. <val>05USCA</val>, <val>11 U.S.C. Appendix</val>,
     or <val>18 USC Append</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>The example in section 10 is taken
from <ref cRef="17 USC Ch 1">Subject Matter and Scope of
   Copyright</ref>.</p>

17.2.5.4. Citation Structures

<refsDecl xml:id="biblical2">
 <citeStructure unit="book"
  match="//body/div" use="@n">
  <citeStructure unit="chapter" match="div"
   use="@n" delim=" ">
   <citeStructure unit="verse" match="div"
    use="@n" delim=":"/>
  </citeStructure>
 </citeStructure>
</refsDecl>

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<citeStructure>

<citeStructure> (citation structure) declares a structure and method for citing the current document. [3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems 17.2.5.4. Citation Structures]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.citeStructurePart

@use

delim delim⚓︎
(delimiter) supplies a delimiting string preceding the structural component.

Status
Optional

Datatype
string

Note

delim must contain at least one character.

match match⚓︎
(match) supplies an XPath selection pattern using the syntax defined in Kay (ed.) (2017) which identifies a set of nodes which are citable structural components. The expression may be absolute (beginning with /) or relative. match on a citeStructure without a citeStructure parent must be an absolute XPath. If it is relative, its context is set by the match of the parent citeStructure.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.xpath

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:citeStructure[not(parent::tei:citeStructure)]">
<sch:assert test="starts-with(@match,'/')">An XPath in @match on the outer <sch:name/> must start with '/'.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:citeStructure[parent::tei:citeStructure]">
<sch:assert test="not(starts-with(@match,'/'))">An XPath in @match must not start with '/' except on the outer <sch:name/>.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

unit unit⚓︎
(unit) describes the structural unit indicated by the citeStructure.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

book

chapter

entry

poem

letter

line

section

verse

volume

Contained by

header: citeStructure refsDecl

May contain

core: desc

header: citeData citeStructure

Example

<citeStructure unit="book"
 match="//body/div" use="@n">
 <citeStructure unit="chapter" match="div"
  use="position()" delim=" ">
  <citeStructure unit="verse" match="div"
   use="position()" delim=":"/>
 </citeStructure>
</citeStructure>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="citeData" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="citeStructure"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.descLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element citeStructure
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.citeStructurePart.attributes,
   attribute delim { string { pattern = ".+" } }?,
   attribute match { teidata.xpath },
   attribute unit { teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( citeData*, citeStructure*, model.descLike* )
}

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Example: <citeStructure> (citation structure)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <citeStructure> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <citeStructure> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

2. The TEI Header

<citeStructure>

<citeStructure unit="book"
 match="//body/div" use="@n">
 <citeStructure unit="chapter" match="div"
  use="position()" delim=" ">
  <citeStructure unit="verse" match="div"
   use="position()" delim=":"/>
 </citeStructure>
</citeStructure>

<citeData>

<citeStructure unit="book"
 match="//body/div" use="@n">
 <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
  use="head"/>
</citeStructure>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <citeStructure unit="work" match="//div1"
  use="@n">
  <citeStructure unit="book" match="div2"
   use="@n" delim=" ">
   <citeStructure unit="poem" match="div3"
    use="@n" delim=".">
    <citeStructure unit="line" match="l"
     use="@n" delim="."/>
   </citeStructure>
  </citeStructure>
 </citeStructure>
</refsDecl>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <citeStructure unit="work" match="//div1"
  use="@n">
  <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
   use="head"/>
  <citeStructure unit="book" match="div2"
   use="@n" delim=" ">
   <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
    use="head"/>
   <citeStructure unit="poem" match="div3"
    use="@n" delim=".">
    <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
     use="head"/>
    <citeStructure unit="line" match="l"
     use="@n" delim="."/>
   </citeStructure>
  </citeStructure>
 </citeStructure>
</refsDecl>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.5.4. Citation Structures

<refsDecl xml:id="biblical2">
 <citeStructure unit="book"
  match="//body/div" use="@n">
  <citeStructure unit="chapter" match="div"
   use="@n" delim=" ">
   <citeStructure unit="verse" match="div"
    use="@n" delim=":"/>
  </citeStructure>
 </citeStructure>
</refsDecl>

17.2.5.4. Citation Structures

<citeStructure unit="chapter"
 match="/TEI/text/body/div" use="position()" delim="ch. ">
 <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
  use="head"/>
</citeStructure>

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<citeData>

<citeData> (citation data) specifies how information may be extracted from citation structures. [3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems 17.2.5.4. Citation Structures]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.citeStructurePart

@use

property property⚓︎
(property) A URI indicating a property definition.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Contained by

header: citeStructure

May contain
Empty element

Example

<citeStructure unit="book"
 match="//body/div" use="@n">
 <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
  use="head"/>
</citeStructure>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element citeData
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.citeStructurePart.attributes,
   attribute property { teidata.pointer },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <citeData> (citation data)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <citeData> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <citeData> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

2. The TEI Header

<citeData>

<citeStructure unit="book"
 match="//body/div" use="@n">
 <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
  use="head"/>
</citeStructure>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <citeStructure unit="work" match="//div1"
  use="@n">
  <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
   use="head"/>
  <citeStructure unit="book" match="div2"
   use="@n" delim=" ">
   <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
    use="head"/>
   <citeStructure unit="poem" match="div3"
    use="@n" delim=".">
    <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
     use="head"/>
    <citeStructure unit="line" match="l"
     use="@n" delim="."/>
   </citeStructure>
  </citeStructure>
 </citeStructure>
</refsDecl>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.5.4. Citation Structures

<citeStructure unit="chapter"
 match="/TEI/text/body/div" use="position()" delim="ch. ">
 <citeData property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
  use="head"/>
</citeStructure>

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C Elements

<cRefPattern>

<cRefPattern> (canonical reference pattern) specifies an expression and replacement pattern for transforming a canonical reference into a URI. [2.3.6.3. Milestone Method 2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration 2.3.6.2. Search-and-Replace Method]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.patternReplacement

@matchPattern

@replacementPattern

Contained by

header: refsDecl

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Note

The result of the substitution may be either an absolute or a relative URI reference. In the latter case it is combined with the value of xml:base in force at the place where the cRef attribute occurs to form an absolute URI in the usual manner as prescribed by XML Base.

Example

<cRefPattern matchPattern="([1-9A-Za-z]+)\s+([0-9]+):([0-9]+)"
 replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@type='book'][@n='$1']/div[@type='chap'][@n='$2']/div[@type='verse'][@n='$3'])"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element cRefPattern
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.patternReplacement.attributes,
   model.pLike*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <cRefPattern> (canonical reference pattern)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <cRefPattern> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <cRefPattern> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([A-Za-z0-9]+) ([0-9]+):([0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//body/div[@n='$1']/div[$2]/div3[$3])"/>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([A-Za-z0-9]+) ([0-9]+):([0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//body/div[@n='$1']/div[$2]/div3[$3])"/>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl xml:id="fr_ASLREF">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
  replacementPattern="#fr_xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
  <p>Une référence a été créée en assemblant les éléments suivants dans l'ordre inverse de
     la liste qui suit : <list>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> du précédent <gi>lb</gi>
    </item>
    <item>une période</item>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> de l'ancêtre <gi>div2</gi>
    </item>
    <item>un espace</item>
    <item>la valeur<att>n</att> du parent <gi>div1</gi>
    </item>
   </list>
  </p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

<cRefPattern>

<cRefPattern matchPattern="([1-9A-Za-z]+)\s+([0-9]+):([0-9]+)"
 replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@type='book'][@n='$1']/div[@type='chap'][@n='$2']/div[@type='verse'][@n='$3'])"/>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+ [0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//l[@n='$1'])"/>
</refsDecl>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+ [0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//l[@n='$1'])"/>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+ [0-9]+\.[0-9]+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div2[@n='$1'])"/>
</refsDecl>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.*)"
  replacementPattern="#$1"/>
</refsDecl>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.5. Canonical References

<refsDecl xml:id="biblical">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+):(.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[@n='$2']/div[@n='$3]')">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references the <q>book,</q>
   <q>chapter,</q> and <q>verse</q> parts of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[$2])">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references the <q>book</q> and
  <q>chapter</q> parts of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1'])">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references just the <q>book</q>
     part of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

17.2.5.1. Worked Example

<cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+):(.+)"
 replacementPattern="//div[@n='$1']/div[$2]/div[$3]/p[$4]"/>

17.2.5.2. Complete and Partial URI Examples

<refsDecl xml:id="USC">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Cc](h(\.|ap(ter|\.)?)?)?\s*([1-9][0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1C$5.txt">
  <p>Matches most standard references to particular
     chapters of the United States Code, e.g.
  <val>11USCC7</val>, <val>17 U.S.C. Chapter 3</val>, or
  <val>14 USC Ch. 5</val>. Note that a leading zero is
     required for the title (must be two digits), but is not
     permitted for the chapter number.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Pp](re(lim(inary)?)?)?\s*[Mm](at(erial)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1T.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the preliminary material for a
     given title, e.g. <val>11USCP</val>, <val>17 U.S.C.
       Prelim Mat</val>, or <val>14 USC pm</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Aa](ppend(ix)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1A.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the appendix of a given tile,
     e.g. <val>05USCA</val>, <val>11 U.S.C. Appendix</val>,
     or <val>18 USC Append</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>The example in section 10 is taken
from <ref cRef="17 USC Ch 1">Subject Matter and Scope of
   Copyright</ref>.</p>

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C Elements

<prefixDef>

<prefixDef> (prefix definition) defines a prefixing scheme used in teidata.pointer values, showing how abbreviated URIs using the scheme may be expanded into full URIs. [17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.patternReplacement

@matchPattern

@replacementPattern

ident ident⚓︎
supplies a name which functions as the prefix for an abbreviated pointing scheme such as a private URI scheme. The prefix constitutes the text preceding the first colon.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.prefix

Note

The value is limited to teidata.prefix so that it may be mapped directly to a URI prefix.

Contained by

header: listPrefixDef

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Note

The abbreviated pointer may be dereferenced to produce either an absolute or a relative URI reference. In the latter case it is combined with the value of xml:base in force at the place where the pointing attribute occurs to form an absolute URI in the usual manner as prescribed by XML Base.

Example

<prefixDef ident="ref"
 matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
 replacementPattern="../../references/references.xml#$1">
 <p> In the context of this project, private URIs with
   the prefix "ref" point to <gi>div</gi> elements in
   the project's global references.xml file.
 </p>
</prefixDef>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element prefixDef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.patternReplacement.attributes,
   attribute ident { teidata.prefix },
   model.pLike*
}

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Example: <prefixDef> (prefix definition)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <prefixDef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <prefixDef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="pos"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="adj"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157"/>
</listPrefixDef>
<!-- ... -->
<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="ccr:pos"
   valueDatcat="ccr:adj">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

2. The TEI Header

<prefixDef>

<prefixDef ident="ref"
 matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
 replacementPattern="../../references/references.xml#$1">
 <p> In the context of this project, private URIs with
   the prefix "ref" point to <gi>div</gi> elements in
   the project's global references.xml file.
 </p>
</prefixDef>

<listPrefixDef>

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([A-Z]+)"
  replacementPattern="personography.xml#$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>psn</code>
     prefix are pointers to <gi>person</gi>
     elements in the personography.xml file.
     For example, <code>psn:MDH</code>
     dereferences to <code>personography.xml#MDH</code>.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="bibl"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+[a-z0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://www.example.com/getBibl.xql?id=$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>bibl</code> prefix can be
     expanded to form URIs which retrieve the relevant
     bibliographical reference from www.example.com.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
  replacementPattern="../../references/people/personography.xml#$1">
  <p> In the context of this project, private URIs with the prefix
     "psn" point to <gi>person</gi> elements in the project's
     personography.xml file.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

<prefixDef ident="psn"
 matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
 replacementPattern="http://www.example.com/personography.html#$1">
 <p> Private URIs with the prefix "psn" can be converted to point
   to a fragment on the Personography page of the project Website.
 </p>
</prefixDef>

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<listPrefixDef>

<listPrefixDef> (list of prefix definitions) contains a list of definitions of prefixing schemes used in teidata.pointer values, showing how abbreviated URIs using each scheme may be expanded into full URIs. [17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc listPrefixDef

May contain

core: desc

header: listPrefixDef prefixDef

Example

In this example, two private URI scheme prefixes are defined and patterns are provided for dereferencing them. Each prefix is also supplied with a human-readable explanation in a p element.

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([A-Z]+)"
  replacementPattern="personography.xml#$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>psn</code>
     prefix are pointers to <gi>person</gi>
     elements in the personography.xml file.
     For example, <code>psn:MDH</code>
     dereferences to <code>personography.xml#MDH</code>.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="bibl"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+[a-z0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://www.example.com/getBibl.xql?id=$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>bibl</code> prefix can be
     expanded to form URIs which retrieve the relevant
     bibliographical reference from www.example.com.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="prefixDef"/>
   <elementRef key="listPrefixDef"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listPrefixDef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( desc*, ( prefixDef | listPrefixDef )+ )
}

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Example: <listPrefixDef> (list of prefix definitions)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listPrefixDef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listPrefixDef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="pos"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="adj"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157"/>
</listPrefixDef>
<!-- ... -->
<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="ccr:pos"
   valueDatcat="ccr:adj">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

2. The TEI Header

<listPrefixDef>

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([A-Z]+)"
  replacementPattern="personography.xml#$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>psn</code>
     prefix are pointers to <gi>person</gi>
     elements in the personography.xml file.
     For example, <code>psn:MDH</code>
     dereferences to <code>personography.xml#MDH</code>.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="bibl"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+[a-z0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://www.example.com/getBibl.xql?id=$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>bibl</code> prefix can be
     expanded to form URIs which retrieve the relevant
     bibliographical reference from www.example.com.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
  replacementPattern="../../references/people/personography.xml#$1">
  <p> In the context of this project, private URIs with the prefix
     "psn" point to <gi>person</gi> elements in the project's
     personography.xml file.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

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<refState>

<refState> (reference state) specifies one component of a canonical reference defined by the milestone method. [2.3.6.3. Milestone Method 2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.edition

@ed

@edRef

att.milestoneUnit

@unit

length length⚓︎
specifies the fixed length of the reference component.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Note

When constructing a reference, if the reference component found is of numeric type, the length is made up by inserting leading zeros; if it is not, by inserting trailing blanks. In either case, reference components are truncated if necessary at the right hand side.

When seeking a reference, the length indicates the number of characters which should be compared. Values longer than this will be regarded as matching, if they start correctly. If no value is provided, the length is unlimited and goes to the next delimiter or to the end of the value.

delim delim⚓︎
(delimiter) supplies a delimiting string following the reference component.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

Contained by

header: refsDecl

May contain
Empty element

Example

<refState unit="book" delim=":"/>
<refState unit="line" length="4"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element refState
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.edition.attributes,
   att.milestoneUnit.attributes,
   attribute length { teidata.count }?,
   attribute delim { teidata.text }?,
   empty
}

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C Elements

Example: <refState> (reference state)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <refState> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <refState> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

2. The TEI Header

2.3.6.3. Milestone Method

<refsDecl>
 <refState ed="first" unit="page" length="2"
  delim="."/>
 <refState ed="first" unit="line" length="3"/>
</refsDecl>

<refState>

<refState unit="book" delim=":"/>
<refState unit="line" length="4"/>

<refState>

<refState unit="livre" delim=":"/>
<refState unit="line" length="4"/>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="work" delim=" "/>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="book" delim="."/>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="poem" delim=":"/>
 <refState ed="E1" unit="line"/>
</refsDecl>

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<classDecl>

<classDecl> (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text. [2.3.7. The Classification Declaration 2.3. The Encoding Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

header: taxonomy

Example

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="LCSH">
  <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#LCSH">
  <term>Political science</term>
  <term>United States -- Politics and government --
     Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="taxonomy" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element classDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   taxonomy+
}

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C Elements

Example: <classDecl> (classification declarations)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <classDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <classDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

11. Manuscript Description

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  <taxonomy xml:id="UD-SYN"
   datcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/index.html">
   <desc>
    <term>UD syntactic relations</term>
   </desc>
   <category xml:id="acl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl</term>: Clausal modifier of noun (adjectival clause)</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="acl_relcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl-relcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl:relcl</term>: relative clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="advcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/advcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>advcl</term>: Adverbial clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
<!-- ... -->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.datcat

<!-- in the dictionary header --><encodingDesc>
 <classDecl>
  <taxonomy xml:id="domains">
<!--...-->
   <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences">
    <catDesc xml:lang="en">Medical and Health Sciences</catDesc>
    <catDesc xml:lang="pt">Ciências Médicas e da Saúde</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine"
     valueDatcat="https://vocabs.rossio.fcsh.unl.pt/pub/morais_domains/pt/page/0025">
     <catDesc xml:lang="en">
      <term>Medicine</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
     <catDesc xml:lang="pt">
      <term>Medicina</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
<!--...-->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
<!-- inside an <entry> element: -->
<usg type="domain"
 valueDatcat="#domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine">Med.</usg>

2. The TEI Header

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="LCSH">
  <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#LCSH">
  <term>Political science</term>
  <term>United States -- Politics and government --
     Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="RAMEAU">
  <bibl>Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié
     (RAMEAU) de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. <ptr target="http://rameau.bnf.fr/"/>
  </bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#RAMEAU">
  <term>Bien et mal -- Enseignement coranique</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

11. Manuscript Description

11.6.5. Text Classification

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy>
<!-- -->
  <category xml:id="law">
   <catDesc>Legislation</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="war">
   <catDesc>Military topics</catDesc>
  </category>
<!-- -->
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>

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C Elements

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy> (taxonomy) defines a typology either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured taxonomy. [2.3.7. The Classification Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

Contained by

header: classDecl taxonomy

May contain

core: bibl biblStruct desc gloss listBibl

header: biblFull category taxonomy

msdescription: msDesc

tagdocs: equiv

Note

Nested taxonomies are common in many fields, so the taxonomy element can be nested.

Example

<taxonomy xml:id="tax.b">
 <bibl>Brown Corpus</bibl>
 <category xml:id="tax.b.a">
  <catDesc>Press Reportage</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a1">
   <catDesc>Daily</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a2">
   <catDesc>Sunday</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a3">
   <catDesc>National</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a4">
   <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a5">
   <catDesc>Political</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a6">
   <catDesc>Sports</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="tax.b.d">
  <catDesc>Religion</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.d1">
   <catDesc>Books</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.d2">
   <catDesc>Periodicals and tracts</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="literature">
  <catDesc>Literature</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="poetry">
   <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="sonnet">
    <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="shakesSonnet">
     <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="petraSonnet">
     <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="haiku">
    <catDesc>Haiku</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="drama">
   <catDesc>Drama</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="meter">
  <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="feet">
   <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="iambic">
    <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="trochaic">
    <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="feetNumber">
   <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="pentameter">
    <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="tetrameter">
    <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iambic #pentameter">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <alternate>
   <alternate minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="category"/>
    <elementRef key="taxonomy"/>
   </alternate>
   <sequence>
    <alternate minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <classRef key="model.descLike"
      minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
     <elementRef key="equiv" minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="1"/>
     <elementRef key="gloss" minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="1"/>
    </alternate>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <elementRef key="category"/>
     <elementRef key="taxonomy"/>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
  </alternate>
  <sequence>
   <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="category"/>
    <elementRef key="taxonomy"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element taxonomy
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   (
      (
         ( category | taxonomy )+
       | ( ( model.descLike | equiv | gloss )+, ( category | taxonomy )* )
      )
    | ( model.biblLike, ( category | taxonomy )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <taxonomy> (taxonomy)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <taxonomy> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <taxonomy> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  <taxonomy xml:id="UD-SYN"
   datcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/index.html">
   <desc>
    <term>UD syntactic relations</term>
   </desc>
   <category xml:id="acl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl</term>: Clausal modifier of noun (adjectival clause)</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="acl_relcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl-relcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl:relcl</term>: relative clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="advcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/advcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>advcl</term>: Adverbial clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
<!-- ... -->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.datcat

<!-- in the dictionary header --><encodingDesc>
 <classDecl>
  <taxonomy xml:id="domains">
<!--...-->
   <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences">
    <catDesc xml:lang="en">Medical and Health Sciences</catDesc>
    <catDesc xml:lang="pt">Ciências Médicas e da Saúde</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine"
     valueDatcat="https://vocabs.rossio.fcsh.unl.pt/pub/morais_domains/pt/page/0025">
     <catDesc xml:lang="en">
      <term>Medicine</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
     <catDesc xml:lang="pt">
      <term>Medicina</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
<!--...-->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
<!-- inside an <entry> element: -->
<usg type="domain"
 valueDatcat="#domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine">Med.</usg>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy xml:id="DDC12">
 <bibl>
  <title>Dewey Decimal Classification</title>
  <edition>Abridged Edition 12</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy xml:id="b">
 <bibl>Brown Corpus</bibl>
 <category xml:id="b.a">
  <catDesc>Press Reportage</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="b.a1">
   <catDesc>Daily</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a2">
   <catDesc>Sunday</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a3">
   <catDesc>National</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a4">
   <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a5">
   <catDesc>Political</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a6">
   <catDesc>Sports</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="b.d">
  <catDesc>Religion</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="b.d1">
   <catDesc>Books</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.d2">
   <catDesc>Periodicals and tracts</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="poe">
  <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="sonn">
   <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="shakesSonn">
    <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="petraSonn">
    <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="met">
   <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="ft">
    <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="iamb">
     <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="troch">
     <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="ftNm">
    <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="penta">
     <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="tetra">
     <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iamb #penta">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="LCSH">
  <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#LCSH">
  <term>Political science</term>
  <term>United States -- Politics and government --
     Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="RAMEAU">
  <bibl>Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié
     (RAMEAU) de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. <ptr target="http://rameau.bnf.fr/"/>
  </bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#RAMEAU">
  <term>Bien et mal -- Enseignement coranique</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="tax.b">
 <bibl>Brown Corpus</bibl>
 <category xml:id="tax.b.a">
  <catDesc>Press Reportage</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a1">
   <catDesc>Daily</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a2">
   <catDesc>Sunday</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a3">
   <catDesc>National</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a4">
   <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a5">
   <catDesc>Political</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a6">
   <catDesc>Sports</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="tax.b.d">
  <catDesc>Religion</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.d1">
   <catDesc>Books</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.d2">
   <catDesc>Periodicals and tracts</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="fr_tax.a">
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a">
  <catDesc>littérature</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a.1">
  <catDesc>Drame bourgeois</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a.1.α">
  <catDesc>Comédie larmoyante</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.b">
  <catDesc>Correspondance</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.b.1.a">
  <catDesc>Dernières lettres</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.c.">
  <catDesc>Littérature européenne -- 16e siècle</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.c.1">
  <catDesc>Satire de la Renaissance </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d">
  <catDesc>Récits de voyage</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d.1">
  <catDesc>Récits de la mer </catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<bibl>indexation selon le système d'indexation RAMEAU, géré par la Bibliothèque nationale de
France</bibl>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b">
 <bibl>布朗集</bibl>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a">
  <catDesc>媒體採訪報導</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a1">
   <catDesc>日報</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a2">
   <catDesc>週日</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a3">
   <catDesc>全國性</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a4">
   <catDesc>地方性</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a5">
   <catDesc>政治</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a6">
   <catDesc>體育</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d">
  <catDesc>宗教</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d1">
   <catDesc>藝文</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d2">
   <catDesc>期刊與短文</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="literature">
  <catDesc>Literature</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="poetry">
   <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="sonnet">
    <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="shakesSonnet">
     <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="petraSonnet">
     <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="haiku">
    <catDesc>Haiku</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="drama">
   <catDesc>Drama</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="meter">
  <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="feet">
   <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="iambic">
    <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="trochaic">
    <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="feetNumber">
   <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="pentameter">
    <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="tetrameter">
    <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iambic #pentameter">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="#welch">
 <term>ceremonials</term>
 <term>fairs</term>
 <term>street life</term>
</keywords>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="welch">
 <bibl>
  <title>Notes on London Municipal Literature, and a Suggested
     Scheme for Its Classification</title>
  <author>Charles Welch</author>
  <edition>1895</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="acprose">
  <catDesc>Academic prose</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- other categories here -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#acprose"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org">001.9</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>End of the world</item>
   <item>History - philosophy</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_chineseliterature">
  <catDesc>中國文學</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- 其他文類 -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#zh-tw_chineseliterature"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.ncl.edu.tw/">820</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>傷痕文學</item>
   <item>語文類</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<catRef>

<catRef scheme="#myTopics"
 target="#news #prov #sales2"/>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<taxonomy xml:id="myTopics">
 <category xml:id="news">
  <catDesc>Newspapers</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="prov">
  <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="sales2">
  <catDesc>Low to average annual sales</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<catRef>

<catRef scheme="#mesTopos"
 target="#fr_lex #fr_dict #fr_gloss"/>
<!-- ailleurs dans le document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="mesTopos">
 <category xml:id="fr_lexique">
  <catDesc>Lexique</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_dict">
  <catDesc>Dictionnaire</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_gloss">
  <catDesc>Glossaire</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<catRef>

<catRef target="#zh-tw_news #zh-tw_prov #zh-tw_sales2"/>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_news">
  <catDesc>報紙</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_prov">
  <catDesc>全省的</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_sales2">
  <catDesc>低於每年平均銷售額</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

11. Manuscript Description

11.6.5. Text Classification

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy>
<!-- -->
  <category xml:id="law">
   <catDesc>Legislation</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="war">
   <catDesc>Military topics</catDesc>
  </category>
<!-- -->
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<taxonomy xml:id="greekperiods">
 <category xml:id="tyranny">
  <catDesc>Before 510 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="classical">
  <catDesc>Between 510 and 323 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="hellenistic">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Hellenistic">Hellenistic</ref>. Commonly treated as <date notBefore="-0323" notAfter="-0031">from the death of Alexander to the Roman conquest.</date>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="roman">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman</ref>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="christian">
  <catDesc> The Christian period technically starts at the birth of Jesus, but in practice is considered to date from
     the conversion of Constantine in <date when="0312">312 AD</date>. </catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<category>

<category> (category) contains an individual descriptive category, possibly nested within a superordinate category, within a user-defined taxonomy. [2.3.7. The Classification Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

Contained by

header: category taxonomy

May contain

core: desc gloss

header: catDesc category

tagdocs: equiv

Example

<category xml:id="b1">
 <catDesc>Prose reportage</catDesc>
</category>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<category xml:id="b2">
 <catDesc>Prose </catDesc>
 <category xml:id="b11">
  <catDesc>journalism</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="b12">
  <catDesc>fiction</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<category xml:id="LIT">
 <catDesc xml:lang="pl">literatura piękna</catDesc>
 <catDesc xml:lang="en">fiction</catDesc>
 <category xml:id="LPROSE">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">proza</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">prose</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="LPOETRY">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">poezja</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">poetry</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="LDRAMA">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">dramat</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">drama</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="catDesc" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
    <elementRef key="equiv"/>
    <elementRef key="gloss"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="category" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element category
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   ( ( catDesc+ | ( model.descLike | equiv | gloss )* ), category* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <category> (category)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <category> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <category> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  <taxonomy xml:id="UD-SYN"
   datcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/index.html">
   <desc>
    <term>UD syntactic relations</term>
   </desc>
   <category xml:id="acl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl</term>: Clausal modifier of noun (adjectival clause)</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="acl_relcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl-relcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl:relcl</term>: relative clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="advcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/advcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>advcl</term>: Adverbial clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
<!-- ... -->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.datcat

<!-- in the dictionary header --><encodingDesc>
 <classDecl>
  <taxonomy xml:id="domains">
<!--...-->
   <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences">
    <catDesc xml:lang="en">Medical and Health Sciences</catDesc>
    <catDesc xml:lang="pt">Ciências Médicas e da Saúde</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine"
     valueDatcat="https://vocabs.rossio.fcsh.unl.pt/pub/morais_domains/pt/page/0025">
     <catDesc xml:lang="en">
      <term>Medicine</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
     <catDesc xml:lang="pt">
      <term>Medicina</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
<!--...-->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
<!-- inside an <entry> element: -->
<usg type="domain"
 valueDatcat="#domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine">Med.</usg>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy xml:id="b">
 <bibl>Brown Corpus</bibl>
 <category xml:id="b.a">
  <catDesc>Press Reportage</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="b.a1">
   <catDesc>Daily</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a2">
   <catDesc>Sunday</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a3">
   <catDesc>National</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a4">
   <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a5">
   <catDesc>Political</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a6">
   <catDesc>Sports</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="b.d">
  <catDesc>Religion</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="b.d1">
   <catDesc>Books</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.d2">
   <catDesc>Periodicals and tracts</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="poe">
  <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="sonn">
   <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="shakesSonn">
    <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="petraSonn">
    <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="met">
   <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="ft">
    <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="iamb">
     <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="troch">
     <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="ftNm">
    <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="penta">
     <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="tetra">
     <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iamb #penta">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<category xml:id="lit">
 <catDesc xml:lang="pl">literatura piękna</catDesc>
 <catDesc xml:lang="en">fiction</catDesc>
 <category xml:id="litProza">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">proza</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">prose</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="litPoezja">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">poezja</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">poetry</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="litDramat">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">dramat</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">drama</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="tax.b">
 <bibl>Brown Corpus</bibl>
 <category xml:id="tax.b.a">
  <catDesc>Press Reportage</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a1">
   <catDesc>Daily</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a2">
   <catDesc>Sunday</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a3">
   <catDesc>National</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a4">
   <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a5">
   <catDesc>Political</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a6">
   <catDesc>Sports</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="tax.b.d">
  <catDesc>Religion</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.d1">
   <catDesc>Books</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.d2">
   <catDesc>Periodicals and tracts</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="fr_tax.a">
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a">
  <catDesc>littérature</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a.1">
  <catDesc>Drame bourgeois</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a.1.α">
  <catDesc>Comédie larmoyante</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.b">
  <catDesc>Correspondance</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.b.1.a">
  <catDesc>Dernières lettres</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.c.">
  <catDesc>Littérature européenne -- 16e siècle</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.c.1">
  <catDesc>Satire de la Renaissance </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d">
  <catDesc>Récits de voyage</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d.1">
  <catDesc>Récits de la mer </catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<bibl>indexation selon le système d'indexation RAMEAU, géré par la Bibliothèque nationale de
France</bibl>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b">
 <bibl>布朗集</bibl>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a">
  <catDesc>媒體採訪報導</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a1">
   <catDesc>日報</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a2">
   <catDesc>週日</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a3">
   <catDesc>全國性</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a4">
   <catDesc>地方性</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a5">
   <catDesc>政治</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a6">
   <catDesc>體育</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d">
  <catDesc>宗教</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d1">
   <catDesc>藝文</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d2">
   <catDesc>期刊與短文</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="literature">
  <catDesc>Literature</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="poetry">
   <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="sonnet">
    <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="shakesSonnet">
     <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="petraSonnet">
     <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="haiku">
    <catDesc>Haiku</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="drama">
   <catDesc>Drama</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="meter">
  <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="feet">
   <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="iambic">
    <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="trochaic">
    <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="feetNumber">
   <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="pentameter">
    <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="tetrameter">
    <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iambic #pentameter">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

<category>

<category xml:id="b1">
 <catDesc>Prose reportage</catDesc>
</category>

<category>

<category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d2">
 <catDesc>Récits de voyage</catDesc>
</category>
<bibl>indexation selon le système d'indexation RAMEAU, géré par la Bibliothèque nationale de
France</bibl>

<category>

<category xml:id="fr_b1">
 <catDesc>Devinettes et énigmes </catDesc>
 <category xml:id="fr_b11">
  <catDesc>Anagrammes </catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<category>

<category xml:id="zh-tw_b1">
 <catDesc>報導文學</catDesc>
</category>

<category>

<category xml:id="zh-tw_b2">
 <catDesc>散文 </catDesc>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_b11">
  <catDesc>報導性質</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_b12">
  <catDesc>虛構</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<category>

<category xml:id="b2">
 <catDesc>Prose </catDesc>
 <category xml:id="b11">
  <catDesc>journalism</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="b12">
  <catDesc>fiction</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<category>

<category xml:id="LIT">
 <catDesc xml:lang="pl">literatura piękna</catDesc>
 <catDesc xml:lang="en">fiction</catDesc>
 <category xml:id="LPROSE">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">proza</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">prose</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="LPOETRY">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">poezja</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">poetry</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="LDRAMA">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">dramat</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">drama</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<catDesc>

<category>
 <catDesc>genre</catDesc>
 <category>
  <catDesc>Géneral</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category>
  <catDesc>Journal</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category>
  <catDesc>Manuel technique</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="acprose">
  <catDesc>Academic prose</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- other categories here -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#acprose"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org">001.9</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>End of the world</item>
   <item>History - philosophy</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_chineseliterature">
  <catDesc>中國文學</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- 其他文類 -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#zh-tw_chineseliterature"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.ncl.edu.tw/">820</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>傷痕文學</item>
   <item>語文類</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<catRef>

<catRef scheme="#myTopics"
 target="#news #prov #sales2"/>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<taxonomy xml:id="myTopics">
 <category xml:id="news">
  <catDesc>Newspapers</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="prov">
  <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="sales2">
  <catDesc>Low to average annual sales</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<catRef>

<catRef scheme="#mesTopos"
 target="#fr_lex #fr_dict #fr_gloss"/>
<!-- ailleurs dans le document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="mesTopos">
 <category xml:id="fr_lexique">
  <catDesc>Lexique</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_dict">
  <catDesc>Dictionnaire</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_gloss">
  <catDesc>Glossaire</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<catRef>

<catRef target="#zh-tw_news #zh-tw_prov #zh-tw_sales2"/>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_news">
  <catDesc>報紙</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_prov">
  <catDesc>全省的</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_sales2">
  <catDesc>低於每年平均銷售額</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

11. Manuscript Description

11.6.5. Text Classification

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy>
<!-- -->
  <category xml:id="law">
   <catDesc>Legislation</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="war">
   <catDesc>Military topics</catDesc>
  </category>
<!-- -->
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<taxonomy xml:id="greekperiods">
 <category xml:id="tyranny">
  <catDesc>Before 510 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="classical">
  <catDesc>Between 510 and 323 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="hellenistic">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Hellenistic">Hellenistic</ref>. Commonly treated as <date notBefore="-0323" notAfter="-0031">from the death of Alexander to the Roman conquest.</date>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="roman">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman</ref>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="christian">
  <catDesc> The Christian period technically starts at the birth of Jesus, but in practice is considered to date from
     the conversion of Constantine in <date when="0312">312 AD</date>. </catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<catDesc>

<catDesc> (category description) describes some category within a taxonomy or text typology, either in the form of a brief prose description or in terms of the situational parameters used by the TEI formal textDesc. [2.3.7. The Classification Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Contained by

header: category

May contain

core: abbr address choice date distinct email emph expan foreign gloss hi measure measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

corpus: textDesc

dictionaries: lang

header: idno

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

transcr: am ex subst

character data

Example

<catDesc>Prose reportage</catDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.limitedPhrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.catDescPart"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element catDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   ( text | model.limitedPhrase | model.catDescPart )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <catDesc> (category description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <catDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <catDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  <taxonomy xml:id="UD-SYN"
   datcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/index.html">
   <desc>
    <term>UD syntactic relations</term>
   </desc>
   <category xml:id="acl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl</term>: Clausal modifier of noun (adjectival clause)</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="acl_relcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl-relcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl:relcl</term>: relative clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="advcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/advcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>advcl</term>: Adverbial clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
<!-- ... -->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.datcat

<!-- in the dictionary header --><encodingDesc>
 <classDecl>
  <taxonomy xml:id="domains">
<!--...-->
   <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences">
    <catDesc xml:lang="en">Medical and Health Sciences</catDesc>
    <catDesc xml:lang="pt">Ciências Médicas e da Saúde</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine"
     valueDatcat="https://vocabs.rossio.fcsh.unl.pt/pub/morais_domains/pt/page/0025">
     <catDesc xml:lang="en">
      <term>Medicine</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
     <catDesc xml:lang="pt">
      <term>Medicina</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
<!--...-->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
<!-- inside an <entry> element: -->
<usg type="domain"
 valueDatcat="#domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine">Med.</usg>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy xml:id="b">
 <bibl>Brown Corpus</bibl>
 <category xml:id="b.a">
  <catDesc>Press Reportage</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="b.a1">
   <catDesc>Daily</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a2">
   <catDesc>Sunday</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a3">
   <catDesc>National</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a4">
   <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a5">
   <catDesc>Political</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a6">
   <catDesc>Sports</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="b.d">
  <catDesc>Religion</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="b.d1">
   <catDesc>Books</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.d2">
   <catDesc>Periodicals and tracts</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="poe">
  <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="sonn">
   <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="shakesSonn">
    <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="petraSonn">
    <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="met">
   <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="ft">
    <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="iamb">
     <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="troch">
     <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="ftNm">
    <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="penta">
     <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="tetra">
     <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iamb #penta">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<category xml:id="lit">
 <catDesc xml:lang="pl">literatura piękna</catDesc>
 <catDesc xml:lang="en">fiction</catDesc>
 <category xml:id="litProza">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">proza</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">prose</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="litPoezja">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">poezja</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">poetry</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="litDramat">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">dramat</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">drama</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="tax.b">
 <bibl>Brown Corpus</bibl>
 <category xml:id="tax.b.a">
  <catDesc>Press Reportage</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a1">
   <catDesc>Daily</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a2">
   <catDesc>Sunday</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a3">
   <catDesc>National</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a4">
   <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a5">
   <catDesc>Political</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a6">
   <catDesc>Sports</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="tax.b.d">
  <catDesc>Religion</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.d1">
   <catDesc>Books</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.d2">
   <catDesc>Periodicals and tracts</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="fr_tax.a">
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a">
  <catDesc>littérature</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a.1">
  <catDesc>Drame bourgeois</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a.1.α">
  <catDesc>Comédie larmoyante</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.b">
  <catDesc>Correspondance</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.b.1.a">
  <catDesc>Dernières lettres</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.c.">
  <catDesc>Littérature européenne -- 16e siècle</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.c.1">
  <catDesc>Satire de la Renaissance </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d">
  <catDesc>Récits de voyage</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d.1">
  <catDesc>Récits de la mer </catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<bibl>indexation selon le système d'indexation RAMEAU, géré par la Bibliothèque nationale de
France</bibl>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b">
 <bibl>布朗集</bibl>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a">
  <catDesc>媒體採訪報導</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a1">
   <catDesc>日報</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a2">
   <catDesc>週日</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a3">
   <catDesc>全國性</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a4">
   <catDesc>地方性</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a5">
   <catDesc>政治</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a6">
   <catDesc>體育</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d">
  <catDesc>宗教</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d1">
   <catDesc>藝文</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d2">
   <catDesc>期刊與短文</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="literature">
  <catDesc>Literature</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="poetry">
   <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="sonnet">
    <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="shakesSonnet">
     <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="petraSonnet">
     <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="haiku">
    <catDesc>Haiku</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="drama">
   <catDesc>Drama</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="meter">
  <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="feet">
   <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="iambic">
    <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="trochaic">
    <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="feetNumber">
   <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="pentameter">
    <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="tetrameter">
    <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iambic #pentameter">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

<category>

<category xml:id="b1">
 <catDesc>Prose reportage</catDesc>
</category>

<category>

<category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d2">
 <catDesc>Récits de voyage</catDesc>
</category>
<bibl>indexation selon le système d'indexation RAMEAU, géré par la Bibliothèque nationale de
France</bibl>

<category>

<category xml:id="fr_b1">
 <catDesc>Devinettes et énigmes </catDesc>
 <category xml:id="fr_b11">
  <catDesc>Anagrammes </catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<category>

<category xml:id="zh-tw_b1">
 <catDesc>報導文學</catDesc>
</category>

<category>

<category xml:id="zh-tw_b2">
 <catDesc>散文 </catDesc>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_b11">
  <catDesc>報導性質</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_b12">
  <catDesc>虛構</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<category>

<category xml:id="b2">
 <catDesc>Prose </catDesc>
 <category xml:id="b11">
  <catDesc>journalism</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="b12">
  <catDesc>fiction</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<category>

<category xml:id="LIT">
 <catDesc xml:lang="pl">literatura piękna</catDesc>
 <catDesc xml:lang="en">fiction</catDesc>
 <category xml:id="LPROSE">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">proza</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">prose</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="LPOETRY">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">poezja</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">poetry</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="LDRAMA">
  <catDesc xml:lang="pl">dramat</catDesc>
  <catDesc xml:lang="en">drama</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>Prose reportage</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>Texte documentaire</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<category>
 <catDesc>genre</catDesc>
 <category>
  <catDesc>Géneral</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category>
  <catDesc>Journal</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category>
  <catDesc>Manuel technique</catDesc>
 </category>
</category>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>報導文學</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="acprose">
  <catDesc>Academic prose</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- other categories here -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#acprose"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org">001.9</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>End of the world</item>
   <item>History - philosophy</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_chineseliterature">
  <catDesc>中國文學</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- 其他文類 -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#zh-tw_chineseliterature"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.ncl.edu.tw/">820</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>傷痕文學</item>
   <item>語文類</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<catRef>

<catRef scheme="#myTopics"
 target="#news #prov #sales2"/>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<taxonomy xml:id="myTopics">
 <category xml:id="news">
  <catDesc>Newspapers</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="prov">
  <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="sales2">
  <catDesc>Low to average annual sales</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<catRef>

<catRef scheme="#mesTopos"
 target="#fr_lex #fr_dict #fr_gloss"/>
<!-- ailleurs dans le document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="mesTopos">
 <category xml:id="fr_lexique">
  <catDesc>Lexique</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_dict">
  <catDesc>Dictionnaire</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_gloss">
  <catDesc>Glossaire</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<catRef>

<catRef target="#zh-tw_news #zh-tw_prov #zh-tw_sales2"/>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_news">
  <catDesc>報紙</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_prov">
  <catDesc>全省的</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_sales2">
  <catDesc>低於每年平均銷售額</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

11. Manuscript Description

11.6.5. Text Classification

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy>
<!-- -->
  <category xml:id="law">
   <catDesc>Legislation</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="war">
   <catDesc>Military topics</catDesc>
  </category>
<!-- -->
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<taxonomy xml:id="greekperiods">
 <category xml:id="tyranny">
  <catDesc>Before 510 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="classical">
  <catDesc>Between 510 and 323 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="hellenistic">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Hellenistic">Hellenistic</ref>. Commonly treated as <date notBefore="-0323" notAfter="-0031">from the death of Alexander to the Roman conquest.</date>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="roman">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman</ref>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="christian">
  <catDesc> The Christian period technically starts at the birth of Jesus, but in practice is considered to date from
     the conversion of Constantine in <date when="0312">312 AD</date>. </catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

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C Elements

<geoDecl>

<geoDecl> (geographic coordinates declaration) documents the notation and the datum used for geographic coordinates expressed as content of the geo element elsewhere within the document. [2.3.8. The Geographic Coordinates Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

datum datum⚓︎
supplies a commonly used code name for the datum employed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

WGS84

(World Geodetic System) a pair of numbers to be interpreted as latitude followed by longitude according to the World Geodetic System. [Default]

MGRS

(Military Grid Reference System) values supplied follow the Military Grid Reference System, which designates grid zones in a string of letters and numbers that distinctly indicate each square meter on the planet.

OSGB36

(ordnance survey great britain) the value supplied is to be interpreted as a British National Grid Reference.

ED50

(European Datum coordinate system) the value supplied is to be interpreted as latitude followed by longitude according to the European Datum coordinate system.

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<geoDecl datum="OSGB36"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:geoDecl"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element geoDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   attribute datum
   {
      "WGS84" | "MGRS" | "OSGB36" | "ED50" | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <geoDecl> (geographic coordinates declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <geoDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <geoDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

2. The TEI Header

<geoDecl>

<geoDecl datum="OSGB36"/>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<geo>

<geoDecl xml:id="WGS" datum="WGS84">World Geodetic System</geoDecl>
<geoDecl xml:id="OS" datum="OSGB36">Ordnance Survey</geoDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<location>
 <desc>A tombstone plus six lines of
   Anglo-Saxon text, built into the west tower (on the south side
   of the archway, at 8 ft. above the ground) of the
   Church of St. Mary-le-Wigford in Lincoln.</desc>
 <geo decls="#WGS">53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <geo decls="#OS">SK 97481 70947</geo>
</location>

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C Elements

<unitDecl>

<unitDecl> (unit declarations) provides information about units of measurement that are not members of the International System of Units. [2.3.9. The Unit Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

header: unitDef

Example

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="斤" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">斤</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">kin</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#両" toUnit="#斤"
   formula="16"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="両" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">両</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">ryo</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#分" toUnit="#両"
   formula="4"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="分" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">分</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">Bu</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#銖" toUnit="#分"
   formula="6"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="銖" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">銖</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">Shu</label>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="unitDef" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element unitDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   unitDef+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <unitDecl> (unit declarations)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <unitDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <unitDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

2. The TEI Header

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="keel" type="weight">
   <label>keel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 20" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 16" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Keel was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 20 chalders from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 16 chalders from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="chalder" type="weight">
   <label>chalder</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 32" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 36" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Chalder was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 32 bushels from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 36 bushels from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="bushel" type="weight">
   <label>bushel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <desc>Bushel was a unit measuring weight of coal.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="Celsius"
   type="temperature">
   <label>Celsius or Centigrade scale</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#Fahrenheit"
    toUnit="#Celsius" formula="($fromUnit - 32) * (5 div 9)"/>
   <desc>To convert from the Fahrenheit to the Celsius scale, subtract 32 from the Celsius temperature and multiply by 5/9.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unitDecl>

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="斤" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">斤</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">kin</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#両" toUnit="#斤"
   formula="16"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="両" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">両</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">ryo</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#分" toUnit="#両"
   formula="4"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="分" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">分</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">Bu</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#銖" toUnit="#分"
   formula="6"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="銖" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">銖</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">Shu</label>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

<unitDef>

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="pechys" type="length">
  <label>πῆχυς</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <conversion fromUnit="#daktylos"
   toUnit="#pechys" formula="$fromUnit div 24"/>
  <desc>Equivalent to a cubit or 24 daktyloi.</desc>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="daktylos" type="length">
  <label>δάκτυλος</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <desc>A basic unit of length equivalent to one finger (or the size of a thumb) in ancient Greece.</desc>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="stadium" type="linear">
   <label>stadium</label>
   <placeName ref="#rome"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#pes"
    toUnit="#stadium" formula="$fromUnit * 625"/>
   <desc>The stadium was a Roman unit of linear measurement equivalent to 625 pedes, or Roman feet.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="wmw" type="power">
   <label>whatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#hpk"
    toUnit="#wmw" formula="$fromUnit * 1"/>
   <desc>In the Potrzebie system of measures as introduced by Donald Knuth, the whatmeworry unit of power is equivalent to one hah per kovac.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="kwmw" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#wmw"
    toUnit="#kwmw" formula="$fromUnit div 1000"/>
   <desc>The kilowhatmeworry is equivalent to 1000 whatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="ap" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#kwmw"
    toUnit="#ap" formula="$fromUnit div 100"/>
   <desc>One unit of aeolipower (A.P.) is equivalent to 100 kilowhatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> pounds of flesh
</measure>
<measure type="currency">£10-11-6d</measure>
<measure type="area" unitRef="#merk">2 <unit>merks</unit> of old extent</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="merk" type="area">
   <label>merk</label>
   <placeName ref="#Scotland"/>
   <desc>A merk was an area of land determined variably by its agricultural
       productivity.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>3</num>
 <unit unitRef="#ell">ells</unit>
</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="ell">
   <label>ell</label>
   <placeName ref="#iceland"/>
   <desc>A unit of measure for cloth, roughly equivalent to 18 inches, or from an adult male’s elbow to the tip of the middle finger.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

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C Elements

<unitDef>

<unitDef> (unit definition) contains descriptive information related to a specific unit of measurement. [2.3.9. The Unit Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

header: unitDecl

May contain

core: desc label unit

header: conversion

namesdates: bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement

Example

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="pechys" type="length">
  <label>πῆχυς</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <conversion fromUnit="#daktylos"
   toUnit="#pechys" formula="$fromUnit div 24"/>
  <desc>Equivalent to a cubit or 24 daktyloi.</desc>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="daktylos" type="length">
  <label>δάκτυλος</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <desc>A basic unit of length equivalent to one finger (or the size of a thumb) in ancient Greece.</desc>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.labelLike"
   minOccurs="1"/>
  <classRef key="model.placeNamePart"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="conversion"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="unit" minOccurs="0"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element unitDef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( model.labelLike | model.placeNamePart? | conversion? | unit? )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <unitDef> (unit definition)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <unitDef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <unitDef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

2. The TEI Header

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="keel" type="weight">
   <label>keel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 20" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 16" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Keel was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 20 chalders from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 16 chalders from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="chalder" type="weight">
   <label>chalder</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 32" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 36" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Chalder was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 32 bushels from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 36 bushels from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="bushel" type="weight">
   <label>bushel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <desc>Bushel was a unit measuring weight of coal.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="Celsius"
   type="temperature">
   <label>Celsius or Centigrade scale</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#Fahrenheit"
    toUnit="#Celsius" formula="($fromUnit - 32) * (5 div 9)"/>
   <desc>To convert from the Fahrenheit to the Celsius scale, subtract 32 from the Celsius temperature and multiply by 5/9.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<unitDef type="volume" xml:id="shunbul">
 <label xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</label>
 <label xml:lang="ar">شنبل</label>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1873"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.25"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1878"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 3"
  from="1891" fromUnit="#shunbul" to="1910"
  toUnit="#kile" where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile_istanbul" when="1860"
  where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 72"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#madd" when="1893"
  where="#damascus"/>
 <desc xml:lang="en">The <foreign xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</foreign> was the main unit to measure grain in the Northern parts of Greater Syria.</desc>
</unitDef>

<unitDecl>

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="斤" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">斤</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">kin</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#両" toUnit="#斤"
   formula="16"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="両" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">両</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">ryo</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#分" toUnit="#両"
   formula="4"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="分" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">分</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">Bu</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#銖" toUnit="#分"
   formula="6"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="銖" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">銖</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">Shu</label>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

<unitDef>

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="pechys" type="length">
  <label>πῆχυς</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <conversion fromUnit="#daktylos"
   toUnit="#pechys" formula="$fromUnit div 24"/>
  <desc>Equivalent to a cubit or 24 daktyloi.</desc>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="daktylos" type="length">
  <label>δάκτυλος</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <desc>A basic unit of length equivalent to one finger (or the size of a thumb) in ancient Greece.</desc>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="stadium" type="linear">
   <label>stadium</label>
   <placeName ref="#rome"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#pes"
    toUnit="#stadium" formula="$fromUnit * 625"/>
   <desc>The stadium was a Roman unit of linear measurement equivalent to 625 pedes, or Roman feet.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="wmw" type="power">
   <label>whatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#hpk"
    toUnit="#wmw" formula="$fromUnit * 1"/>
   <desc>In the Potrzebie system of measures as introduced by Donald Knuth, the whatmeworry unit of power is equivalent to one hah per kovac.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="kwmw" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#wmw"
    toUnit="#kwmw" formula="$fromUnit div 1000"/>
   <desc>The kilowhatmeworry is equivalent to 1000 whatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="ap" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#kwmw"
    toUnit="#ap" formula="$fromUnit div 100"/>
   <desc>One unit of aeolipower (A.P.) is equivalent to 100 kilowhatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> pounds of flesh
</measure>
<measure type="currency">£10-11-6d</measure>
<measure type="area" unitRef="#merk">2 <unit>merks</unit> of old extent</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="merk" type="area">
   <label>merk</label>
   <placeName ref="#Scotland"/>
   <desc>A merk was an area of land determined variably by its agricultural
       productivity.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>3</num>
 <unit unitRef="#ell">ells</unit>
</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="ell">
   <label>ell</label>
   <placeName ref="#iceland"/>
   <desc>A unit of measure for cloth, roughly equivalent to 18 inches, or from an adult male’s elbow to the tip of the middle finger.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<conversion>

<conversion> defines how to calculate one unit of measure in terms of another. [2.3.9. The Unit Declaration]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.formula

@formula

att.locatable

@where

fromUnit fromUnit⚓︎
indicates a source unit of measure that is to be converted into another unit indicated in toUnit.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.pointer

toUnit toUnit⚓︎
the target unit of measurement for a conversion from a source unit referenced in fromUnit.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Contained by

header: unitDef

May contain
Empty element

Note

The conversion element is designed to store information about converting from one unit of measurement to another. The formula attribute holds an XPath expression that indicates how the measurement system in fromUnit is converted to the system in toUnit. Do not confuse the usage of the dating attributes (from and to) in the examples with the attributes (fromUnit and toUnit) designed to reference units of measure.

Example

<conversion fromUnit="#shilling"
 toUnit="#pence" formula="$fromUnit * 12" from="1707"
 to="1971"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<conversion fromUnit="#pound"
 toUnit="#shilling" formula="$fromUnit * 20" from="1701"
 to="1971"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element conversion
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.formula.attributes,
   att.locatable.attributes,
   attribute fromUnit { teidata.pointer },
   attribute toUnit { teidata.pointer },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <conversion>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <conversion> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <conversion> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="keel" type="weight">
   <label>keel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 20" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 16" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Keel was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 20 chalders from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 16 chalders from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="chalder" type="weight">
   <label>chalder</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 32" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 36" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Chalder was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 32 bushels from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 36 bushels from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="bushel" type="weight">
   <label>bushel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <desc>Bushel was a unit measuring weight of coal.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="Celsius"
   type="temperature">
   <label>Celsius or Centigrade scale</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#Fahrenheit"
    toUnit="#Celsius" formula="($fromUnit - 32) * (5 div 9)"/>
   <desc>To convert from the Fahrenheit to the Celsius scale, subtract 32 from the Celsius temperature and multiply by 5/9.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<unitDef type="volume" xml:id="shunbul">
 <label xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</label>
 <label xml:lang="ar">شنبل</label>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1873"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.25"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1878"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 3"
  from="1891" fromUnit="#shunbul" to="1910"
  toUnit="#kile" where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile_istanbul" when="1860"
  where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 72"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#madd" when="1893"
  where="#damascus"/>
 <desc xml:lang="en">The <foreign xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</foreign> was the main unit to measure grain in the Northern parts of Greater Syria.</desc>
</unitDef>

<unitDecl>

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="斤" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">斤</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">kin</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#両" toUnit="#斤"
   formula="16"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="両" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">両</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">ryo</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#分" toUnit="#両"
   formula="4"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="分" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">分</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">Bu</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#銖" toUnit="#分"
   formula="6"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="銖" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">銖</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">Shu</label>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

<unitDef>

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="pechys" type="length">
  <label>πῆχυς</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <conversion fromUnit="#daktylos"
   toUnit="#pechys" formula="$fromUnit div 24"/>
  <desc>Equivalent to a cubit or 24 daktyloi.</desc>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="daktylos" type="length">
  <label>δάκτυλος</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <desc>A basic unit of length equivalent to one finger (or the size of a thumb) in ancient Greece.</desc>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

<conversion>

<conversion fromUnit="#shilling"
 toUnit="#pence" formula="$fromUnit * 12" from="1707"
 to="1971"/>

<conversion>

<conversion fromUnit="#pound"
 toUnit="#shilling" formula="$fromUnit * 20" from="1701"
 to="1971"/>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="stadium" type="linear">
   <label>stadium</label>
   <placeName ref="#rome"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#pes"
    toUnit="#stadium" formula="$fromUnit * 625"/>
   <desc>The stadium was a Roman unit of linear measurement equivalent to 625 pedes, or Roman feet.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="wmw" type="power">
   <label>whatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#hpk"
    toUnit="#wmw" formula="$fromUnit * 1"/>
   <desc>In the Potrzebie system of measures as introduced by Donald Knuth, the whatmeworry unit of power is equivalent to one hah per kovac.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="kwmw" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#wmw"
    toUnit="#kwmw" formula="$fromUnit div 1000"/>
   <desc>The kilowhatmeworry is equivalent to 1000 whatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="ap" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#kwmw"
    toUnit="#ap" formula="$fromUnit div 100"/>
   <desc>One unit of aeolipower (A.P.) is equivalent to 100 kilowhatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.formula

<conversion fromUnit="#furlongsPerFortnight"
 toUnit="#milesPerHour"
 formula="$fromUnit cast as xs:decimal * 0.000372"/>

att.formula

<conversion fromUnit="#deciday"
 toUnit="hour"
 formula="$fromUnit cast as xs:decimal * 144 div 60"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<appInfo>

<appInfo> (application information) records information about an application which has edited the TEI file. [2.3.11. The Application Information Element]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

header: application

Example

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.24" ident="Xaira">
  <label>XAIRA Indexer</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.applicationLike"
  minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element appInfo
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   model.applicationLike+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <appInfo> (application information)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <appInfo> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <appInfo> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.3.11. The Application Information Element

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>Image Markup Tool</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<appInfo>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.24" ident="Xaira">
  <label>XAIRA Indexer</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool1" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>Image Markup Tool</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.24" ident="Xaira">
  <label>XAIRA Indexer</label>
  <ptr target="#fr_HD"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool1" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>影像標記工具</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<application>

<application> provides information about an application which has acted upon the document. [2.3.11. The Application Information Element]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.typed

@type

@subtype

ident ident⚓︎
supplies an identifier for the application, independent of its version number or display name.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.name

version version⚓︎
supplies a version number for the application, independent of its identifier or display name.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.versionNumber

Member of

model.applicationLike

Contained by

header: appInfo

May contain

core: desc label p ptr ref

linking: ab

tagdocs: listRef

Example

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool1" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>Image Markup Tool</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This example shows an appInfo element documenting the fact that version 1.5 of the Image Markup Tool1 application has an interest in two parts of a document which was last saved on June 6 2006. The parts concerned are accessible at the URLs given as target for the two ptr elements.

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.labelLike"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.ptrLike"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element application
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute ident { teidata.name },
   attribute version { teidata.versionNumber },
   ( model.labelLike+, ( model.ptrLike* | model.pLike* ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <application>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <application> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <application> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.3.11. The Application Information Element

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>Image Markup Tool</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<appInfo>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.24" ident="Xaira">
  <label>XAIRA Indexer</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool1" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>Image Markup Tool</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.24" ident="Xaira">
  <label>XAIRA Indexer</label>
  <ptr target="#fr_HD"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool1" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>影像標記工具</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc> (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting. [2.4. The Profile Description 2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.teiHeaderPart

Contained by

header: biblFull teiHeader

May contain

corpus: particDesc settingDesc textDesc

header: abstract calendarDesc correspDesc creation langUsage textClass

transcr: handNotes listTranspose

Note

Although the content model permits it, it is rarely meaningful to supply multiple occurrences for any of the child elements of profileDesc unless these are documenting multiple texts.

Example

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.profileDescPart"
  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element profileDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   model.profileDescPart*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <profileDesc> (text-profile description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <profileDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <profileDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<abstract>

<profileDesc>
 <abstract resp="#LB">
  <p>Good database design involves the acquisition and deployment of
     skills which have a wider relevance to the educational process. From
     a set of more or less instinctive rules of thumb a formal discipline
     or "methodology" of database design has evolved. Applying that
     methodology can be of great benefit to a very wide range of academic
     subjects: it requires fundamental skills of abstraction and
     generalisation and it provides a simple mechanism whereby complex
     ideas and information structures can be represented and manipulated,
     even without the use of a computer. </p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract>
  <p>This paper is a draft studying
     various aspects of using the TEI
     as a reference serialization framework
     for LMF. Comments are welcome to bring
     this to a useful document for the
     community.
  </p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract xml:lang="en">
  <p>The recent archaeological emphasis
     on the study of settlement patterns,
     landscape and palaeoenvironments has
     shaped and re-shaped our understanding
     of the Viking settlement of Iceland.
     This paper reviews the developments
     in Icelandic archaeology, examining
     both theoretical and practical advances.
     Particular attention is paid to new
     ideas in terms of settlement patterns
     and resource exploitation. Finally,
     some of the key studies of the ecological
     consequences of the Norse
  <foreign xml:lang="is">landnám</foreign>
     are presented. </p>
 </abstract>
 <abstract xml:lang="fr">
  <p>L’accent récent des
     recherches archéologiques sur l’étude des
     configurations spatiales des colonies, de la
     géographie des sites ainsi que des éléments
     paléo-environnementaux nous mène à réexaminer
     et réévaluer nos connaissances acquises sur
     la colonisation de l’Islande par les Vikings.
     Cet article passe en revue le développement
     de l’archéologie islandaise en examinant les
     progrès théoriques et pratiques en la matière.
     Une attention particulière est portée sur
     l’étude des configurations spatiales des
     colonies ainsi qu’une considération des
     questions d’exploitation des ressources.
     Finalement, l’article présente un aperçu des
     études principales qui traitent des
     conséquences écologiques du
  <foreign xml:lang="is">landnám</foreign>
     islandais.</p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract>
  <list>
   <item>An annual HBC supply ship is
       set to the North West Coast for mid-September.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> writes
       to ascertain the British Government's plans
       for the lands associated with the Oregon Treaty;
       he wants to know what will happen to the HBC's
       establishment on the southern <name type="place"
     key="vancouver_island">Vancouver Island</name>.
       He adds that a former Crown grant, an 1838 exclusive
       trade-grant for the lands in question, has yet to
       expire.</item>
   <item>The minutes discuss the nature of the HBC's
       original entitlements and question whether or not,
       and in what capacity, the Oregon Treaty affects the
       HBC's position. The majority council further
       investigation, and to reply cautiously and
       judiciously to the HBC inquiry.</item>
   <item>A
       summary of a meeting with <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> is offered in
       order to elucidate the HBC's intentions.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="grey_hg">Lord Grey</name> calls
       for greater consideration on the issue of
       colonization; he asks that <name key="stephen_j">Stephen</name> write the Company,
       asking them to detail their intentions, and to
       state their legal opinion for entitlement.
   </item>
  </list>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

<change>

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT1">First draft in pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT2"
    notBefore="1880-12-09">First revision, mostly
       using green ink</change>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT3"
    notBefore="1881-02-13">Final corrections as
       supplied to printer.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="ST-1">First stage, written in ink </change>
   <change xml:id="ST-2">Second stage, with revisions written in the author's hand
       using pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="ST-3">Fixation of the pencilled revisions together with further
       revisions in the author's hand using ink</change>
   <change xml:id="ST-4">Additions in a different hand, probably at a later
       stage</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange>
   <change xml:id="o">An unrelated change note</change>
   <listChange xml:id="m">
    <change xml:id="m1">Alterations on one manuscript page, certainly
         related</change>
    <change xml:id="m2">Alterations on another manuscript page, certainly
         related</change>
   </listChange>
   <change xml:id="p">Another unrelated change note</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <date notAfter="1816-07-18"/>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="mod1" when="1816-07-16">The first draft of
   <title>Persuasion</title>, completed by the date <date>July 16 1816</date>
       which is written after the word <q>Finis</q> at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>.</change>
   <change xml:id="mod2"
    notBefore="1816-07-16">After the <date>16th of July</date>
       Austen starts revision of the two final chapters, by rewriting the end and
       adding a new zone (<ref target="#transp-1">pages 32-35</ref>) to be inserted at
   <ref target="#insertion-p1">page 19</ref>. This stage is documented by the
       deletion of the date (<date>July 16 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>, and the addition of more text and of a new date (<date>July 18.
         1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-31">page 31</ref>
   </change>
   <change notBefore="1816-07-18">Before publication, after <date>July 18th,
         1816</date> chapters 10-11 were broken into three chapters, 10, 11, 12, as
       witnessed by the print.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<listChange>

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="CHG-1">First stage, written in ink by a writer</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-2">Second stage, written in Goethe's hand using pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-3">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by
       Goethe using ink</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-4">Addition of another stanza in a different hand,
       probably at a later stage</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<handNote>

<handNote> (note on hand) describes a particular style or hand distinguished within a manuscript. [11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.handFeatures

@scribe

@scribeRef

@script

@scriptRef

@medium

att.scope

@scope

Contained by

msdescription: handDesc

transcr: handNotes

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.major_hand"
  scope="major" medium="brown_ink" scribe="author"
  scribeRef="#KL">Handwriting of the copyist Karol Libelt, brown ink, in German cursive script.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.pencil"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="annotator">A note, pencil, unknown author.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.pencil2"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="archivist">Writer of the title page Józef Łepkowski, pencil.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.pencil3"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="archivist2"
  scribeRef="#BJK">Note on the title page, pencil, by Józef Korzeniowski.</handNote>
</handNotes>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element handNote
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.handFeatures.attributes,
   att.scope.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <handNote> (note on hand)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <handNote> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <handNote> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.scope

<handNote scope="sole">
 <p>Written in insular phase II half-uncial with
   interlinear Old English gloss in an Anglo-Saxon
   pointed minuscule.</p>
</handNote>

2. The TEI Header

<handNote>

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.major_hand"
  scope="major" medium="brown_ink" scribe="author"
  scribeRef="#KL">Handwriting of the copyist Karol Libelt, brown ink, in German cursive script.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.pencil"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="annotator">A note, pencil, unknown author.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.pencil2"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="archivist">Writer of the title page Józef Łepkowski, pencil.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.pencil3"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="archivist2"
  scribeRef="#BJK">Note on the title page, pencil, by Józef Korzeniowski.</handNote>
</handNotes>

<handNote>

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="yide.major_hand"
  scope="major" medium="brown_ink" scribe="author"
  scribeRef="#KL">Hand des Nachschreibers Karol Libelt, braune Tinte, vorwiegend in Kurrentschrift.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yide.pencil"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="annotator">Eine Anmerkung, Bleistift, unbekannter Verfasser.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yide.pencil2"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="archivist">Schreiber des Titelblattes Józef Łepkowski, Bleistift.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yide.pencil3"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="archivist2"
  scribeRef="#BJK">Anmerkung auf dem Titelblatt, Bleistift, von Józef Korzeniowski.</handNote>
</handNotes>

<handNote>

<handNote xml:id="fr_scribe1">Premier scribe : <name type="person">inconnu</name>
</handNote>
<handNote xml:id="fr_rubricateur1">Premier rubricateur : <name type="person">inconnu</name>
</handNote>

<handNote>

<handNote scope="sole">
 <p>以類似小篆字體書寫，行間有以隸書寫成的古文字。</p>
</handNote>

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc hands="3">
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-1" scope="minor">
  <p>The first part of the manuscript, <locus from="1v" to="72v:4">fols
       1v-72v:4</locus>, is written in a practised Icelandic Gothic bookhand. This hand
     is not found elsewhere.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-2" scope="major">
  <p>The second part of the manuscript, <locus from="72v:4" to="194v">fols
       72v:4-194</locus>, is written in a hand contemporary with the first; it can also
     be found in a fragment of <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>, <ref>AM 20b II
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-3" scope="minor">
  <p>The third hand has written the majority of the chapter headings. This hand
     has been identified as the one also found in <ref>AM 221
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
</handDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<typeDesc>
 <typeNote xml:id="TSET">Authorial typescript, probably produced on Eliot's own
   Remington. </typeNote>
</typeDesc>
<handDesc>
 <handNote xml:id="EP" medium="red-ink">Ezra Pound's annotations.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="TSE" medium="black-ink">Commentary in Eliot's hand.</handNote>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc>
 <handNote scope="major">Written throughout in <term>angelicana formata</term>.</handNote>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc>
 <handNote scope="major">Written throughout in <term>angelicana formata</term>.</handNote>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc hands="2">
 <handNote xml:id="fr_TSE"
  medium="typescript">Authorial typescript </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="fr_EP" medium="red-ink">Ezra Pound's annotations</handNote>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc hands="2">
 <handNote xml:id="zh-tw_TSE"
  medium="typescript">作者打字稿</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="zh-tw_SM"
  medium="red-ink">三毛的註解</handNote>
</handDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

Some things are best
at first sight. Others — and here is one of them — <add hand="#mb">do ever</add>
improve by recognition [...]
<handNote xml:id="mb">Max Beerbohm
holograph</handNote>

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

For I hate this <del rend="strikethrough" hand="#dhl">my</del> body, which is so dear to me ...

<handNote xml:id="dhl">D H Lawrence holograph</handNote>

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<handNote xml:id="heol"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added gathering" hand="#heol"
  spanTo="#p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

12.3.2.1. Document Hands

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="h1" script="copperplate"
  medium="brown-ink">Carefully written
   with regular descenders</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="h2" script="print"
  medium="pencil">Unschooled
   scrawl</handNote>
</handNotes>

<addSpan>

<handNote xml:id="HEOL"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added_gathering" hand="#HEOL"
  spanTo="#P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

<handNotes>

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="H1" script="copperplate"
  medium="brown-ink">Carefully written with regular descenders</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="H2" script="print"
  medium="pencil">Unschooled scrawl</handNote>
</handNotes>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<abstract>

<abstract> contains a summary or formal abstract prefixed to an existing source document by the encoder. [2.4.4. Abstracts]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.profileDescPart

Contained by

header: profileDesc

May contain

core: list listBibl p

figures: table

linking: ab

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

textcrit: listApp listWit

Note

This element is intended only for cases where no abstract is available in the original source. Any abstract already present in the source document should be encoded as a div within the front, as it should for a born-digital document.

Example

<profileDesc>
 <abstract resp="#LB">
  <p>Good database design involves the acquisition and deployment of
     skills which have a wider relevance to the educational process. From
     a set of more or less instinctive rules of thumb a formal discipline
     or "methodology" of database design has evolved. Applying that
     methodology can be of great benefit to a very wide range of academic
     subjects: it requires fundamental skills of abstraction and
     generalisation and it provides a simple mechanism whereby complex
     ideas and information structures can be represented and manipulated,
     even without the use of a computer. </p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.listLike"/>
  <elementRef key="listBibl"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element abstract
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike | model.listLike | listBibl )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <abstract>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <abstract> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <abstract> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

<abstract>

<profileDesc>
 <abstract resp="#LB">
  <p>Good database design involves the acquisition and deployment of
     skills which have a wider relevance to the educational process. From
     a set of more or less instinctive rules of thumb a formal discipline
     or "methodology" of database design has evolved. Applying that
     methodology can be of great benefit to a very wide range of academic
     subjects: it requires fundamental skills of abstraction and
     generalisation and it provides a simple mechanism whereby complex
     ideas and information structures can be represented and manipulated,
     even without the use of a computer. </p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract>
  <p>This paper is a draft studying
     various aspects of using the TEI
     as a reference serialization framework
     for LMF. Comments are welcome to bring
     this to a useful document for the
     community.
  </p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract xml:lang="en">
  <p>The recent archaeological emphasis
     on the study of settlement patterns,
     landscape and palaeoenvironments has
     shaped and re-shaped our understanding
     of the Viking settlement of Iceland.
     This paper reviews the developments
     in Icelandic archaeology, examining
     both theoretical and practical advances.
     Particular attention is paid to new
     ideas in terms of settlement patterns
     and resource exploitation. Finally,
     some of the key studies of the ecological
     consequences of the Norse
  <foreign xml:lang="is">landnám</foreign>
     are presented. </p>
 </abstract>
 <abstract xml:lang="fr">
  <p>L’accent récent des
     recherches archéologiques sur l’étude des
     configurations spatiales des colonies, de la
     géographie des sites ainsi que des éléments
     paléo-environnementaux nous mène à réexaminer
     et réévaluer nos connaissances acquises sur
     la colonisation de l’Islande par les Vikings.
     Cet article passe en revue le développement
     de l’archéologie islandaise en examinant les
     progrès théoriques et pratiques en la matière.
     Une attention particulière est portée sur
     l’étude des configurations spatiales des
     colonies ainsi qu’une considération des
     questions d’exploitation des ressources.
     Finalement, l’article présente un aperçu des
     études principales qui traitent des
     conséquences écologiques du
  <foreign xml:lang="is">landnám</foreign>
     islandais.</p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract>
  <list>
   <item>An annual HBC supply ship is
       set to the North West Coast for mid-September.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> writes
       to ascertain the British Government's plans
       for the lands associated with the Oregon Treaty;
       he wants to know what will happen to the HBC's
       establishment on the southern <name type="place"
     key="vancouver_island">Vancouver Island</name>.
       He adds that a former Crown grant, an 1838 exclusive
       trade-grant for the lands in question, has yet to
       expire.</item>
   <item>The minutes discuss the nature of the HBC's
       original entitlements and question whether or not,
       and in what capacity, the Oregon Treaty affects the
       HBC's position. The majority council further
       investigation, and to reply cautiously and
       judiciously to the HBC inquiry.</item>
   <item>A
       summary of a meeting with <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> is offered in
       order to elucidate the HBC's intentions.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="grey_hg">Lord Grey</name> calls
       for greater consideration on the issue of
       colonization; he asks that <name key="stephen_j">Stephen</name> write the Company,
       asking them to detail their intentions, and to
       state their legal opinion for entitlement.
   </item>
  </list>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<creation>

<creation> (creation) contains information about the creation of a text. [2.4.1. Creation 2.4. The Profile Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

Member of

model.profileDescPart

Contained by

header: profileDesc

May contain

core: abbr address choice date distinct email emph expan foreign gloss hi measure measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

header: idno listChange

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

transcr: am ex subst

character data

Note

The creation element may be used to record details of a text's creation, e.g. the date and place it was composed, if these are of interest.

It may also contain a more structured account of the various stages or revisions associated with the evolution of a text; this should be encoded using the listChange element. It should not be confused with the publicationStmt element, which records date and place of publication.

Example

<creation>
 <date>Before 1987</date>
</creation>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<creation>
 <date when="1988-07-10">10 July 1988</date>
</creation>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.limitedPhrase"/>
  <elementRef key="listChange"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element creation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   ( text | model.limitedPhrase | listChange )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <creation> (creation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <creation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <creation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

12. Representation of Primary Sources

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.4.1. Creation

<creation>
 <date when="1992-08">August 1992</date>
 <rs type="city">Taos, New Mexico</rs>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date>Before 1987</date>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date>Avant 1987</date>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date when="1988-07-10">10 Juillet 1988</date>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date>1987年之前</date>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date when="1988-07-10">1988年7月10日</date>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date when="1988-07-10">10 July 1988</date>
</creation>

<change>

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT1">First draft in pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT2"
    notBefore="1880-12-09">First revision, mostly
       using green ink</change>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT3"
    notBefore="1881-02-13">Final corrections as
       supplied to printer.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="ST-1">First stage, written in ink </change>
   <change xml:id="ST-2">Second stage, with revisions written in the author's hand
       using pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="ST-3">Fixation of the pencilled revisions together with further
       revisions in the author's hand using ink</change>
   <change xml:id="ST-4">Additions in a different hand, probably at a later
       stage</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange>
   <change xml:id="o">An unrelated change note</change>
   <listChange xml:id="m">
    <change xml:id="m1">Alterations on one manuscript page, certainly
         related</change>
    <change xml:id="m2">Alterations on another manuscript page, certainly
         related</change>
   </listChange>
   <change xml:id="p">Another unrelated change note</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <date notAfter="1816-07-18"/>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="mod1" when="1816-07-16">The first draft of
   <title>Persuasion</title>, completed by the date <date>July 16 1816</date>
       which is written after the word <q>Finis</q> at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>.</change>
   <change xml:id="mod2"
    notBefore="1816-07-16">After the <date>16th of July</date>
       Austen starts revision of the two final chapters, by rewriting the end and
       adding a new zone (<ref target="#transp-1">pages 32-35</ref>) to be inserted at
   <ref target="#insertion-p1">page 19</ref>. This stage is documented by the
       deletion of the date (<date>July 16 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>, and the addition of more text and of a new date (<date>July 18.
         1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-31">page 31</ref>
   </change>
   <change notBefore="1816-07-18">Before publication, after <date>July 18th,
         1816</date> chapters 10-11 were broken into three chapters, 10, 11, 12, as
       witnessed by the print.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<listChange>

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="CHG-1">First stage, written in ink by a writer</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-2">Second stage, written in Goethe's hand using pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-3">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by
       Goethe using ink</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-4">Addition of another stanza in a different hand,
       probably at a later stage</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<langUsage>

<langUsage> (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text. [2.4.2. Language Usage 2.4. The Profile Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.profileDescPart

Contained by

header: profileDesc

May contain

core: p

header: language

linking: ab

Example

<langUsage>
 <language ident="fr-CA" usage="60">Québecois</language>
 <language ident="en-CA" usage="20">Canadian business English</language>
 <language ident="en-GB" usage="20">British English</language>
</langUsage>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:langUsage"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="language" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element langUsage
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | language+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <langUsage> (language usage)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <langUsage> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <langUsage> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.scope

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en" scope="major"/>
 <language ident="es" scope="minor"/>
 <language ident="x-ww" scope="minor">An invented language the children call <name>Wikwah</name>.</language>
</langUsage>

2. The TEI Header

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

2.4.2. Language Usage

<langUsage>
 <language ident="fr-CA" usage="60">Québecois</language>
 <language ident="en-CA" usage="20">Canadian business English</language>
 <language ident="en-GB" usage="20">British English</language>
</langUsage>

<langUsage>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="fr-CA" usage="60">Québecois</language>
 <language ident="en-CA" usage="20">Canadian business English</language>
 <language ident="en-GB" usage="20">British English</language>
</langUsage>

<langUsage>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="fr-CA" usage="60">Québecois</language>
 <language ident="en-CA" usage="20">Anglais canadien des affaires</language>
 <language ident="en-GB" usage="20">Anglais de Grande-Bretagne</language>
</langUsage>

<langUsage>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="fr-CA" usage="60">加拿大魁北克省法語</language>
 <language ident="en-CA" usage="20">加拿大商用英語</language>
 <language ident="en-GB" usage="20">英式英語</language>
</langUsage>

<language>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en-US" usage="75">modern American English</language>
 <language ident="az-Arab" usage="20">Azerbaijani in Arabic script</language>
 <language ident="x-lap" usage="05">Pig Latin</language>
</langUsage>

<language>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en-US" usage="75">Anglais américain moderne</language>
 <language ident="az-Arab" usage="20">Azerbaijanais en caractères arabes</language>
 <language ident="x-verlan" usage="05">verlan</language>
</langUsage>

<language>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en-US" usage="75">現代美語</language>
 <language ident="az-Arab" usage="20">阿拉伯文手寫的亞塞拜然語</language>
 <language ident="x-lap" usage="05">一種行話，將字頭的子音調至字尾，再多加一個音節</language>
</langUsage>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<language>

<language> (language) characterizes a single language or sublanguage used within a text. [2.4.2. Language Usage]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.scope

@scope

ident ident⚓︎
(identifier) Supplies a language code constructed as defined in BCP 47 which is used to identify the language documented by this element, and which may be referenced by the global xml:lang attribute.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.language

usage usage⚓︎
specifies the approximate percentage of the text which uses this language.

Status
Optional

Datatype
nonNegativeInteger

Contained by

header: langUsage

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

Particularly for sublanguages, an informal prose characterization should be supplied as content for the element.

Example

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en-US" usage="75">modern American English</language>
 <language ident="az-Arab" usage="20">Azerbaijani in Arabic script</language>
 <language ident="x-lap" usage="05">Pig Latin</language>
</langUsage>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element language
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.scope.attributes,
   attribute ident { teidata.language },
   attribute usage { xsd:nonNegativeInteger }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <language> (language)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <language> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <language> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.scope

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en" scope="major"/>
 <language ident="es" scope="minor"/>
 <language ident="x-ww" scope="minor">An invented language the children call <name>Wikwah</name>.</language>
</langUsage>

2. The TEI Header

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

2.4.2. Language Usage

<langUsage>
 <language ident="fr-CA" usage="60">Québecois</language>
 <language ident="en-CA" usage="20">Canadian business English</language>
 <language ident="en-GB" usage="20">British English</language>
</langUsage>

<langUsage>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="fr-CA" usage="60">Québecois</language>
 <language ident="en-CA" usage="20">Canadian business English</language>
 <language ident="en-GB" usage="20">British English</language>
</langUsage>

<langUsage>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="fr-CA" usage="60">Québecois</language>
 <language ident="en-CA" usage="20">Anglais canadien des affaires</language>
 <language ident="en-GB" usage="20">Anglais de Grande-Bretagne</language>
</langUsage>

<langUsage>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="fr-CA" usage="60">加拿大魁北克省法語</language>
 <language ident="en-CA" usage="20">加拿大商用英語</language>
 <language ident="en-GB" usage="20">英式英語</language>
</langUsage>

<language>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en-US" usage="75">modern American English</language>
 <language ident="az-Arab" usage="20">Azerbaijani in Arabic script</language>
 <language ident="x-lap" usage="05">Pig Latin</language>
</langUsage>

<language>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en-US" usage="75">Anglais américain moderne</language>
 <language ident="az-Arab" usage="20">Azerbaijanais en caractères arabes</language>
 <language ident="x-verlan" usage="05">verlan</language>
</langUsage>

<language>

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en-US" usage="75">現代美語</language>
 <language ident="az-Arab" usage="20">阿拉伯文手寫的亞塞拜然語</language>
 <language ident="x-lap" usage="05">一種行話，將字頭的子音調至字尾，再多加一個音節</language>
</langUsage>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<textClass>

<textClass> (text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc. [2.4.3. The Text Classification]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.profileDescPart

Contained by

header: profileDesc

May contain

header: catRef classCode keywords

Example

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="acprose">
  <catDesc>Academic prose</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- other categories here -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#acprose"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org">001.9</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>End of the world</item>
   <item>History - philosophy</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:textClass"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="classCode"/>
  <elementRef key="catRef"/>
  <elementRef key="keywords"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element textClass
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   ( classCode | catRef | keywords )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <textClass> (text classification)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <textClass> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <textClass> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="LCSH">
  <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#LCSH">
  <term>Political science</term>
  <term>United States -- Politics and government --
     Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="RAMEAU">
  <bibl>Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié
     (RAMEAU) de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. <ptr target="http://rameau.bnf.fr/"/>
  </bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#RAMEAU">
  <term>Bien et mal -- Enseignement coranique</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="acprose">
  <catDesc>Academic prose</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- other categories here -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#acprose"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org">001.9</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>End of the world</item>
   <item>History - philosophy</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#fr_RAMEAU">
  <list>
   <item>Littérature française -- 20ème siècle -- Histoire et critique</item>
   <item>Littérature française -- Histoire et critique -- Théorie, etc.</item>
   <item>Français (langue) -- Style -- Bases de données.</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<textClass>
 <catRef target="#fr_forme_prose"/>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_chineseliterature">
  <catDesc>中國文學</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- 其他文類 -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#zh-tw_chineseliterature"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.ncl.edu.tw/">820</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>傷痕文學</item>
   <item>語文類</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<keywords>

<keywords> (keywords) contains a list of keywords or phrases identifying the topic or nature of a text. [2.4.3. The Text Classification]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

scheme scheme⚓︎
identifies the controlled vocabulary within which the set of keywords concerned is defined, for example by a taxonomy element, or by some other resource.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Contained by

header: textClass

May contain

core: list term

Note

Each individual keyword (including compound subject headings) should be supplied as a term element directly within the keywords element. An alternative usage, in which each term appears within an item inside a list is permitted for backwards compatibility, but is deprecated.

If no control list exists for the keywords used, then no value should be supplied for the scheme attribute.

Example

<keywords scheme="http://classificationweb.net">
 <term>Babbage, Charles</term>
 <term>Mathematicians - Great Britain - Biography</term>
</keywords>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<keywords>
 <term>Fermented beverages</term>
 <term>Central Andes</term>
 <term>Schinus molle</term>
 <term>Molle beer</term>
 <term>Indigenous peoples</term>
 <term>Ethnography</term>
 <term>Archaeology</term>
</keywords>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="term" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="list"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element keywords
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute scheme { teidata.pointer }?,
   ( term+ | list )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <keywords> (keywords)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <keywords> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <keywords> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="LCSH">
  <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#LCSH">
  <term>Political science</term>
  <term>United States -- Politics and government --
     Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="RAMEAU">
  <bibl>Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié
     (RAMEAU) de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. <ptr target="http://rameau.bnf.fr/"/>
  </bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#RAMEAU">
  <term>Bien et mal -- Enseignement coranique</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="http://classificationweb.net">
 <term>Babbage, Charles</term>
 <term>Mathematicians - Great Britain - Biography</term>
</keywords>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/about.html#lcsh">
 <term>English literature -- History and criticism -- Data processing.</term>
 <term>English literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.</term>
 <term>English language -- Style -- Data processing.</term>
 <term>Style, Literary -- Data processing.</term>
</keywords>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="#welch">
 <term>ceremonials</term>
 <term>fairs</term>
 <term>street life</term>
</keywords>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="welch">
 <bibl>
  <title>Notes on London Municipal Literature, and a Suggested
     Scheme for Its Classification</title>
  <author>Charles Welch</author>
  <edition>1895</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="acprose">
  <catDesc>Academic prose</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- other categories here -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#acprose"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org">001.9</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>End of the world</item>
   <item>History - philosophy</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#fr_RAMEAU">
  <list>
   <item>Littérature française -- 20ème siècle -- Histoire et critique</item>
   <item>Littérature française -- Histoire et critique -- Théorie, etc.</item>
   <item>Français (langue) -- Style -- Bases de données.</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_chineseliterature">
  <catDesc>中國文學</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- 其他文類 -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#zh-tw_chineseliterature"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.ncl.edu.tw/">820</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>傷痕文學</item>
   <item>語文類</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<keywords>

<keywords scheme="http://classificationweb.net">
 <term>Babbage, Charles</term>
 <term>Mathematicians - Great Britain - Biography</term>
</keywords>

<keywords>

<keywords>
 <term>Fermented beverages</term>
 <term>Central Andes</term>
 <term>Schinus molle</term>
 <term>Molle beer</term>
 <term>Indigenous peoples</term>
 <term>Ethnography</term>
 <term>Archaeology</term>
</keywords>

<keywords>

<keywords scheme="#fr_RAMEAU">
 <term>Littérature française -- 20ème siècle -- Histoire et critique</term>
 <term>Littérature française -- Histoire et critique -- Théorie, etc.</term>
 <term>Français (langue) -- Style -- Bases de données.</term>
</keywords>

<keywords>

<keywords scheme="http://classificationweb.net">
 <term>李白</term>
 <term>詩人 - 唐代 - 傳記</term>
</keywords>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

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C Elements

<classCode>

<classCode> (classification code) contains the classification code used for this text in some standard classification system. [2.4.3. The Text Classification]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

scheme scheme⚓︎
identifies the classification system in use, as defined by, e.g. a taxonomy element, or some other resource.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Contained by

core: imprint

header: textClass

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<classCode scheme="http://www.udc.org">410</classCode>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element classCode
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute scheme { teidata.pointer },
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <classCode> (classification code)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <classCode> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <classCode> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

2. The TEI Header

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org/udcsummary/php/index.php">005.756</classCode>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="acprose">
  <catDesc>Academic prose</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- other categories here -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#acprose"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org">001.9</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>End of the world</item>
   <item>History - philosophy</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_chineseliterature">
  <catDesc>中國文學</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- 其他文類 -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#zh-tw_chineseliterature"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.ncl.edu.tw/">820</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>傷痕文學</item>
   <item>語文類</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<classCode>

<classCode scheme="http://www.udc.org">410</classCode>

<classCode>

<classCode scheme="http://www.oclc.org/">801</classCode>
<bibl>classification Dewey</bibl>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">US</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">6885550</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.uspto.gov/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-04-26">April 26, 2005</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">EP</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">1558513</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">A1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-08-03"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2009-09-09"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

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C Elements

<catRef>

<catRef> (category reference) specifies one or more defined categories within some taxonomy or text typology. [2.4.3. The Text Classification]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

scheme scheme⚓︎
identifies the classification scheme within which the set of categories concerned is defined, for example by a taxonomy element, or by some other resource.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Contained by

core: imprint

header: textClass

May contain
Empty element

Note

The scheme attribute needs to be supplied only if more than one taxonomy has been declared.

Example

<catRef scheme="#myTopics"
 target="#news #prov #sales2"/>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<taxonomy xml:id="myTopics">
 <category xml:id="news">
  <catDesc>Newspapers</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="prov">
  <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="sales2">
  <catDesc>Low to average annual sales</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element catRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   attribute scheme { teidata.pointer }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <catRef> (category reference)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <catRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <catRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<catRef target="#b.a1 #b.a3 #b.a5"/>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<catRef target="#b.a4 #b.d2"/>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<catRef target="#b.a4 #b.d2"
 scheme="http://www.example.com/browncorpus"/>
<catRef target="http://www.example.com/SUC/#A45"/>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="acprose">
  <catDesc>Academic prose</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- other categories here -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#acprose"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org">001.9</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>End of the world</item>
   <item>History - philosophy</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<textClass>
 <catRef target="#fr_forme_prose"/>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_chineseliterature">
  <catDesc>中國文學</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- 其他文類 -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#zh-tw_chineseliterature"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.ncl.edu.tw/">820</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>傷痕文學</item>
   <item>語文類</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<catRef>

<catRef scheme="#myTopics"
 target="#news #prov #sales2"/>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<taxonomy xml:id="myTopics">
 <category xml:id="news">
  <catDesc>Newspapers</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="prov">
  <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="sales2">
  <catDesc>Low to average annual sales</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<catRef>

<catRef scheme="#mesTopos"
 target="#fr_lex #fr_dict #fr_gloss"/>
<!-- ailleurs dans le document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="mesTopos">
 <category xml:id="fr_lexique">
  <catDesc>Lexique</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_dict">
  <catDesc>Dictionnaire</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_gloss">
  <catDesc>Glossaire</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<catRef>

<catRef target="#zh-tw_news #zh-tw_prov #zh-tw_sales2"/>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_news">
  <catDesc>報紙</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_prov">
  <catDesc>全省的</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_sales2">
  <catDesc>低於每年平均銷售額</catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

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C Elements

<calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc> (calendar description) contains a description of the calendar system used in any dating expression found in the text. [2.4. The Profile Description 2.4.5. Calendar Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.profileDescPart

Contained by

header: profileDesc

May contain

header: calendar

Note

In the first example above, calendars and short codes for xml:ids are from W3 guidelines at http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-functions-11/#lang-cal-country

Example

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AD">
  <p>Anno Domini (Christian Era)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AH">
  <p>Anno Hegirae (Muhammedan Era)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AME">
  <p>Mauludi Era (solar years since Mohammed's birth)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AM">
  <p>Anno Mundi (Jewish Calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AP">
  <p>Anno Persici</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AS">
  <p>Aji Saka Era (Java)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_BE">
  <p>Buddhist Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CB">
  <p>Cooch Behar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CE">
  <p>Common Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CL">
  <p>Chinese Lunar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CS">
  <p>Chula Sakarat Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_EE">
  <p>Ethiopian Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_FE">
  <p>Fasli Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_ISO">
  <p>ISO 8601 calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_JE">
  <p>Japanese Calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_KE">
  <p>Khalsa Era (Sikh calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_KY">
  <p>Kali Yuga</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_ME">
  <p>Malabar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_MS">
  <p>Monarchic Solar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_NS">
  <p>Nepal Samwat Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_OS">
  <p>Old Style (Julian Calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_RS">
  <p>Rattanakosin (Bangkok) Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SE">
  <p>Saka Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SH">
  <p>Mohammedan Solar Era (Iran)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SS">
  <p>Saka Samvat</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_TE">
  <p>Tripurabda Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_VE">
  <p>Vikrama Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_VS">
  <p>Vikrama Samvat Era</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Gregorian">
  <p>Gregorian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Julian">
  <p>Julian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Islamic">
  <p>Islamic or Muslim (hijri) lunar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Hebrew">
  <p>Hebrew or Jewish lunisolar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Revolutionary">
  <p>French Revolutionary calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Iranian">
  <p>Iranian or Persian (Jalaali) solar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Coptic">
  <p>Coptic or Alexandrian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Chinese">
  <p>Chinese lunisolar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Egyptian"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Egyptian calendar (as defined by Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="calendar" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element calendarDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   calendar+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <calendarDesc> (calendar description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <calendarDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <calendarDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

2. The TEI Header

2.4.5. Calendar Description

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="Gregorian" type="actual">
  <p>Gregorian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="Stardate"
  type="fictional">
  <p>Fictional Stardate (from Star Trek series)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="BP" type="actual">
  <p>Calendar years before present (measured from 1950)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AD">
  <p>Anno Domini (Christian Era)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AH">
  <p>Anno Hegirae (Muhammedan Era)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AME">
  <p>Mauludi Era (solar years since Mohammed's birth)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AM">
  <p>Anno Mundi (Jewish Calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AP">
  <p>Anno Persici</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AS">
  <p>Aji Saka Era (Java)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_BE">
  <p>Buddhist Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CB">
  <p>Cooch Behar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CE">
  <p>Common Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CL">
  <p>Chinese Lunar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CS">
  <p>Chula Sakarat Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_EE">
  <p>Ethiopian Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_FE">
  <p>Fasli Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_ISO">
  <p>ISO 8601 calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_JE">
  <p>Japanese Calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_KE">
  <p>Khalsa Era (Sikh calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_KY">
  <p>Kali Yuga</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_ME">
  <p>Malabar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_MS">
  <p>Monarchic Solar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_NS">
  <p>Nepal Samwat Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_OS">
  <p>Old Style (Julian Calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_RS">
  <p>Rattanakosin (Bangkok) Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SE">
  <p>Saka Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SH">
  <p>Mohammedan Solar Era (Iran)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SS">
  <p>Saka Samvat</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_TE">
  <p>Tripurabda Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_VE">
  <p>Vikrama Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_VS">
  <p>Vikrama Samvat Era</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Gregorian">
  <p>Gregorian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Julian">
  <p>Julian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Islamic">
  <p>Islamic or Muslim (hijri) lunar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Hebrew">
  <p>Hebrew or Jewish lunisolar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Revolutionary">
  <p>French Revolutionary calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Iranian">
  <p>Iranian or Persian (Jalaali) solar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Coptic">
  <p>Coptic or Alexandrian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Chinese">
  <p>Chinese lunisolar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Egyptian"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Egyptian calendar (as defined by Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="julianEngland">
  <p>Julian Calendar (including proleptic)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="egyptian"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Egyptian calendar (as defined by Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="juliano">
  <p>Calendario juliano (incluido el proléptico)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="egipcio"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Calendario egipcio (tal como lo define Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="Julian_England">
  <p>The Julian calendar, as used in England until 1752.</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<calendar>

<calendar> (calendar) describes a calendar or dating system used in a dating formula in the text. [2.4.5. Calendar Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

header: calendarDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="julianEngland">
  <p>Julian Calendar (including proleptic)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="egyptian"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Egyptian calendar (as defined by Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element calendar
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   model.pLike+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <calendar> (calendar)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <calendar> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <calendar> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

2. The TEI Header

2.4.5. Calendar Description

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="Gregorian" type="actual">
  <p>Gregorian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="Stardate"
  type="fictional">
  <p>Fictional Stardate (from Star Trek series)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="BP" type="actual">
  <p>Calendar years before present (measured from 1950)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AD">
  <p>Anno Domini (Christian Era)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AH">
  <p>Anno Hegirae (Muhammedan Era)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AME">
  <p>Mauludi Era (solar years since Mohammed's birth)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AM">
  <p>Anno Mundi (Jewish Calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AP">
  <p>Anno Persici</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AS">
  <p>Aji Saka Era (Java)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_BE">
  <p>Buddhist Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CB">
  <p>Cooch Behar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CE">
  <p>Common Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CL">
  <p>Chinese Lunar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CS">
  <p>Chula Sakarat Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_EE">
  <p>Ethiopian Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_FE">
  <p>Fasli Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_ISO">
  <p>ISO 8601 calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_JE">
  <p>Japanese Calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_KE">
  <p>Khalsa Era (Sikh calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_KY">
  <p>Kali Yuga</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_ME">
  <p>Malabar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_MS">
  <p>Monarchic Solar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_NS">
  <p>Nepal Samwat Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_OS">
  <p>Old Style (Julian Calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_RS">
  <p>Rattanakosin (Bangkok) Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SE">
  <p>Saka Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SH">
  <p>Mohammedan Solar Era (Iran)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SS">
  <p>Saka Samvat</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_TE">
  <p>Tripurabda Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_VE">
  <p>Vikrama Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_VS">
  <p>Vikrama Samvat Era</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Gregorian">
  <p>Gregorian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Julian">
  <p>Julian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Islamic">
  <p>Islamic or Muslim (hijri) lunar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Hebrew">
  <p>Hebrew or Jewish lunisolar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Revolutionary">
  <p>French Revolutionary calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Iranian">
  <p>Iranian or Persian (Jalaali) solar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Coptic">
  <p>Coptic or Alexandrian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Chinese">
  <p>Chinese lunisolar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Egyptian"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Egyptian calendar (as defined by Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="julianEngland">
  <p>Julian Calendar (including proleptic)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="egyptian"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Egyptian calendar (as defined by Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="juliano">
  <p>Calendario juliano (incluido el proléptico)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="egipcio"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Calendario egipcio (tal como lo define Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="Julian_England">
  <p>The Julian calendar, as used in England until 1752.</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<correspDesc>

<correspDesc> (correspondence description) contains a description of the actions related to one act of correspondence. [2.4.6. Correspondence Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.declarable

@default

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.profileDescPart

Contained by

header: profileDesc

May contain

core: note noteGrp p

header: correspAction correspContext

linking: ab

Example

<correspDesc>
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
  <settlement>Dresden</settlement>
  <date when="1817-06-23">23 June 1817</date>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>
  <settlement>Prag</settlement>
 </correspAction>
 <correspContext>
  <ref type="prev"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041209">Previous letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
     to <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date from="1817-06-19" to="1817-06-20">June 19/20, 1817</date>
  </ref>
  <ref type="next"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041217">Next letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date when="1817-06-27">June 27, 1817</date>
  </ref>
 </correspContext>
</correspDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:correspDesc"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.correspDescPart"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element correspDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( model.correspDescPart+ | model.pLike+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <correspDesc> (correspondence description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <correspDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <correspDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspDesc xml:id="message1">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>John Gneisenau Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName xml:id="JTH">Julius Temple House</persName>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>
<correspDesc xml:id="message2">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Enid Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName sameAs="#JTH"/>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>

<correspDesc>

<correspDesc>
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
  <settlement>Dresden</settlement>
  <date when="1817-06-23">23 June 1817</date>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>
  <settlement>Prag</settlement>
 </correspAction>
 <correspContext>
  <ref type="prev"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041209">Previous letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
     to <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date from="1817-06-19" to="1817-06-20">June 19/20, 1817</date>
  </ref>
  <ref type="next"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041217">Next letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date when="1817-06-27">June 27, 1817</date>
  </ref>
 </correspContext>
</correspDesc>

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C Elements

<correspAction>

<correspAction> (correspondence action) contains a structured description of the place, the name of a person/organization and the date related to the sending/receiving of a message or any other action related to the correspondence. [2.4.6. Correspondence Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
describes the nature of the action.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

sent

information concerning the sending or dispatch of a message.

received

information concerning the receipt of a message.

transmitted

information concerning the transmission of a message, i.e. between the dispatch and the next receipt, redirect or forwarding.

redirected

information concerning the redirection of an unread message.

forwarded

information concerning the forwarding of a message.

Member of

model.correspDescPart

Contained by

header: correspDesc

May contain

core: address date email name note noteGrp p rs time

dictionaries: lang

header: idno

linking: ab

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

Example

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>Adelbert von Chamisso</persName>
 <settlement>Vertus</settlement>
 <date when="1807-01-29"/>
</correspAction>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.correspActionPart"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element correspAction
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      "sent"
    | "received"
    | "transmitted"
    | "redirected"
    | "forwarded"
    | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   ( model.correspActionPart+ | model.pLike+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <correspAction> (correspondence action)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <correspAction> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <correspAction> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>Adelbert von Chamisso</persName>
 <placeName>Vertus</placeName>
 <date when="1807-01-29"/>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received">
 <persName>Louis de La Foye</persName>
 <placeName>Caen</placeName>
 <date>unknown</date>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="received">
 <persName>Hermann Hesse</persName>
 <persName>Ninon Hesse</persName>
 <placeName>Montagnola</placeName>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>PN0001</persName>
 <date when="1999-06-02"/>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="to">
 <persName>PN0002</persName>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="to">
 <persName>PN0003</persName>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="cc">
 <persName>PN0004</persName>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="sent">
 <name sameAs="#author"/>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspDesc xml:id="message1">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>John Gneisenau Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName xml:id="JTH">Julius Temple House</persName>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>
<correspDesc xml:id="message2">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Enid Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName sameAs="#JTH"/>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>

<correspDesc>

<correspDesc>
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
  <settlement>Dresden</settlement>
  <date when="1817-06-23">23 June 1817</date>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>
  <settlement>Prag</settlement>
 </correspAction>
 <correspContext>
  <ref type="prev"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041209">Previous letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
     to <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date from="1817-06-19" to="1817-06-20">June 19/20, 1817</date>
  </ref>
  <ref type="next"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041217">Next letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date when="1817-06-27">June 27, 1817</date>
  </ref>
 </correspContext>
</correspDesc>

<correspAction>

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>Adelbert von Chamisso</persName>
 <settlement>Vertus</settlement>
 <date when="1807-01-29"/>
</correspAction>

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C Elements

<correspContext>

<correspContext> (correspondence context) provides references to preceding or following correspondence related to this piece of correspondence. [2.4.6. Correspondence Description]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.correspDescPart

Contained by

header: correspDesc

May contain

core: note noteGrp p ptr ref

linking: ab

tagdocs: listRef

Example

<correspContext>
 <ptr type="next" subtype="toAuthor"
  target="http://tei.ibi.hu-berlin.de/berliner-intellektuelle/manuscript?Brief101VarnhagenanBoeckh"/>
 <ptr type="prev" subtype="fromAuthor"
  target="http://tei.ibi.hu-berlin.de/berliner-intellektuelle/manuscript?Brief103BoeckhanVarnhagen"/>
</correspContext>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<correspContext>
 <ref type="prev"
  target="http://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A040962"> Previous letter of
 <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
 <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
 <date when="1816-12-30">December 30, 1816</date>
 </ref>
 <ref type="next"
  target="http://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041003"> Next letter of
 <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
 <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
 <date when="1817-01-05">January 5, 1817</date>
 </ref>
</correspContext>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.correspContextPart"
  minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element correspContext
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   model.correspContextPart+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <correspContext> (correspondence context)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <correspContext> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <correspContext> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspContext>
 <ref type="prev" target="#CLF0102">Previous letter of <persName>Chamisso</persName> to <persName>de La
     Foye</persName>: <date when="1807-01-16">16 January 1807</date>
 </ref>
 <ref type="next" target="#CLF0104">Next letter of <persName>Chamisso</persName> to <persName>de La Foye</persName>:
 <date when="1810-05-07">07 May 1810</date>
 </ref>
</correspContext>

<correspDesc>

<correspDesc>
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
  <settlement>Dresden</settlement>
  <date when="1817-06-23">23 June 1817</date>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>
  <settlement>Prag</settlement>
 </correspAction>
 <correspContext>
  <ref type="prev"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041209">Previous letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
     to <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date from="1817-06-19" to="1817-06-20">June 19/20, 1817</date>
  </ref>
  <ref type="next"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041217">Next letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date when="1817-06-27">June 27, 1817</date>
  </ref>
 </correspContext>
</correspDesc>

<correspContext>

<correspContext>
 <ptr type="next" subtype="toAuthor"
  target="http://tei.ibi.hu-berlin.de/berliner-intellektuelle/manuscript?Brief101VarnhagenanBoeckh"/>
 <ptr type="prev" subtype="fromAuthor"
  target="http://tei.ibi.hu-berlin.de/berliner-intellektuelle/manuscript?Brief103BoeckhanVarnhagen"/>
</correspContext>

<correspContext>

<correspContext>
 <ref type="prev"
  target="http://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A040962"> Previous letter of
 <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
 <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
 <date when="1816-12-30">December 30, 1816</date>
 </ref>
 <ref type="next"
  target="http://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041003"> Next letter of
 <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
 <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
 <date when="1817-01-05">January 5, 1817</date>
 </ref>
</correspContext>

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<xenoData>

<xenoData> (non-TEI metadata) provides a container element into which metadata in non-TEI formats may be placed. [2.5. Non-TEI Metadata]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.standOffPart model.teiHeaderPart

Contained by

header: teiHeader

linking: standOff

May contain
ANY

Example

This example presumes that the prefix dc has been bound to the namespace http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ and the prefix rdf is bound to the namespace http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#. Note: The about attribute on the <rdf:Description> in this example gives a URI indicating the resource to which the metadata contained therein refer. The <rdf:Description> in the second xenoData block has a blank about, meaning it is pointing at the current document, so the RDF is about the document within which it is contained, i.e. the TEI document containing the xenoData block. Similarly, any kind of relative URI may be used, including fragment identifiers (see Identifiers and Indicators). Do note, however, that if the contents of the xenoData block are to be extracted and used elsewhere, any relative URIs will have to be resolved accordingly.

<xenoData
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
 <rdf:RDF>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/606621663">
   <dc:title>The description of a new world, called the blazing-world</dc:title>
   <dc:creator>The Duchess of Newcastle</dc:creator>
   <dc:date>1667</dc:date>
   <dc:identifier>British Library, 8407.h.10</dc:identifier>
   <dc:subject>utopian fiction</dc:subject>
  </rdf:Description>
 </rdf:RDF>
</xenoData>
<xenoData>
 <rdf:RDF>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="">
   <dc:title>The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing-World, 1668</dc:title>
   <dc:creator>Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle</dc:creator>
   <dc:publisher>Women Writers Project</dc:publisher>
   <dc:date>2002-02-12</dc:date>
   <dc:subject>utopian fiction</dc:subject>
  </rdf:Description>
 </rdf:RDF>
</xenoData>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

In this example, the prefix rdf is bound to the namespace http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#, the prefix dc is bound to the namespace http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/, and the prefix cc is bound to the namespace http://web.resource.org/cc/.

<xenoData
   xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/"
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
 <rdf:RDF>
  <cc:Work rdf:about="">
   <dc:title>Applied Software Project Management - review</dc:title>
   <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text"/>
   <dc:license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/"/>
  </cc:Work>
  <cc:License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Reproduction"/>
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Distribution"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Notice"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Attribution"/>
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/DerivativeWorks"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/ShareAlike"/>
  </cc:License>
 </rdf:RDF>
</xenoData>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

In this example, the prefix dc is again bound to the namespace http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/, and the prefix oai_dc is bound to the namespace http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/.

<xenoData
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/">
 <oai_dc:dc>
  <dc:title>The colonial despatches of Vancouver Island and British
     Columbia 1846-1871: 11566, CO 60/2, p. 291; received 13 November.
     Trevelyan to Merivale (Permanent Under-Secretary)</dc:title>
  <dc:date>1858-11-12</dc:date>
  <dc:creator>Trevelyan</dc:creator>
  <dc:publisher>University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media
     Centre, and UVic Libraries</dc:publisher>
  <dc:type>InteractiveResource</dc:type>
  <dc:format>application/xhtml+xml</dc:format>
  <dc:type>text</dc:type>
  <dc:identifier>http://bcgenesis.uvic.ca/getDoc.htm?id=B585TE13.scx</dc:identifier>
  <dc:rights>This document is licensed under a Creative Commons …</dc:rights>
  <dc:language>(SCHEME=ISO639) en</dc:language>
  <dc:source>Transcribed from microfilm and/or original documents, and
     marked up in TEI P5 XML. The interactive XHTML resource is generated
     from the XHTML using XQuery and XSLT.</dc:source>
  <dc:source>repository: CO</dc:source>
  <dc:source>coNumber: 60</dc:source>
  <dc:source>coVol: 2</dc:source>
  <dc:source>page: 291</dc:source>
  <dc:source>coRegistration: 11566</dc:source>
  <dc:source>received: received 13 November</dc:source>
  <dc:subject>Trevelyan, Sir Charles Edward</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Merivale, Herman</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Elliot, T. Frederick</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Moody, Colonel Richard Clement</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Lytton, Sir Edward George Earle Bulwer</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Jadis, Vane</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Carnarvon, Earl</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>British Columbia</dc:subject>
  <dc:description>British Columbia correspondence: Public Offices
     document (normally correspondence between government
     departments)</dc:description>
 </oai_dc:dc>
</xenoData>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

In this example, the prefix mods is bound to the namespace http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3.

<xenoData
   xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
 <mods:mods>
  <mods:titleInfo>
   <mods:title>Academic adaptation and cross-cultural
       learning experiences of Chinese students at American
       universities</mods:title>
   <mods:subTitle>a narrative inquiry</mods:subTitle>
  </mods:titleInfo>
  <mods:name type="personal"
   authority="local">
   <mods:namePart/>
   <mods:role>
    <mods:roleTerm authority="marcrelator"
     type="text">Author</mods:roleTerm>
   </mods:role>
   <mods:affiliation>Northeastern University</mods:affiliation>
   <mods:namePart type="given">Hong</mods:namePart>
   <mods:namePart type="family">Zhang</mods:namePart>
  </mods:name>
  <mods:name type="personal"
   authority="local">
   <mods:namePart/>
   <mods:role>
    <mods:roleTerm authority="local"
     type="text">Advisor</mods:roleTerm>
   </mods:role>
   <mods:namePart type="given">Liliana</mods:namePart>
   <mods:namePart type="family">Meneses</mods:namePart>
  </mods:name>

<!-- ... -->
  <mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
  <mods:genre>doctoral theses</mods:genre>
  <mods:originInfo>
   <mods:place>
    <mods:placeTerm type="text">Boston (Mass.)</mods:placeTerm>
   </mods:place>
   <mods:publisher>Northeastern University</mods:publisher>
   <mods:copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf"
    keyDate="yes">2013</mods:copyrightDate>
  </mods:originInfo>
  <mods:language>
   <mods:languageTerm authority="iso639-2b"
    type="code">eng</mods:languageTerm>
  </mods:language>
  <mods:physicalDescription>
   <mods:form authority="marcform">electronic</mods:form>
   <mods:digitalOrigin>born digital</mods:digitalOrigin>
  </mods:physicalDescription>
<!-- ... -->
 </mods:mods>
</xenoData>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

This example shows GeoJSON embedded in <xenoData>. Note that JSON does not permit newlines inside string values. These must be escaped as \n. To avoid the accidental insertion of newlines by software, the use of xml:space is recommended. Blocks of JSON should be wrapped in CDATA sections, as they may contain characters illegal in XML.

<xenoData xml:space="preserve"> <![CDATA[ {     "features": [         {             "geometry": {                 "type": "Point",                 "coordinates": [                     68.388483,                     33.498616                 ]             },             "type": "Feature",             "id": "darmc-location-19727",             "properties": {                 "snippet": "Unknown; 330 BC - AD 300",                 "link": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/59694/darmc-location-19727",                 "description": "5M scale point location",                 "location_precision": "precise",                 "title": "DARMC location 19727"             }         }     ],     "id": "59694",     "subject": [         "dare:ancient=1",         "dare:feature=settlement",         "dare:major=0"     ],     "title": "Arachosiorum Oppidum/Alexandria",     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 6 B3 Arachosiorum Oppidum/Alexandria",     "placeTypeURIs": [         "https://pleiades.stoa.org/vocabularies/place-types/settlement"     ],     "details": "<p>The Barrington Atlas Directory notes: Kalat-e-Ghilzai? AFG</p>",     "@context": {         "snippet": "dcterms:abstract",         "rights": "dcterms:rights",         "description": "dcterms:description",         "title": "dcterms:title",         "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",         "subject": "dcterms:subject",         "uri": "@id",         "created": "dcterms:created"     },     "review_state": "published",     "type": "FeatureCollection",     "description": "An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 B3 Arachosiorum Oppidum/Alexandria",     "reprPoint": [         68.388483,         33.498616     ],     "placeTypes": [         "settlement"     ],     "bbox": [         68.388483,         33.498616,         68.388483,         33.498616     ],     "rights": "Copyright © The Contributors. Sharing and remixing permitted under CC-BY.",     "created": "2010-09-23T04:31:55Z",     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/59694",     "creators": [         {             "username": null,             "name": "M.U. Erdosy"         }     ],     "@type": "Place" } ]]> </xenoData>

Show all ⚓︎

Note: the example above has been trimmed for legibility. The original may be found linked from Arachosiorum Oppidum/Alexandria. The contributors, listed per the license terms, are R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, and Eric Kansa.

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:xenoData"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <textNode/>
  <anyElement minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element xenoData
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( text | anyElement_xenoData_1+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <xenoData> (non-TEI metadata)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <xenoData> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <xenoData> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

2. The TEI Header

<xenoData>

<xenoData
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
 <rdf:RDF>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/606621663">
   <dc:title>The description of a new world, called the blazing-world</dc:title>
   <dc:creator>The Duchess of Newcastle</dc:creator>
   <dc:date>1667</dc:date>
   <dc:identifier>British Library, 8407.h.10</dc:identifier>
   <dc:subject>utopian fiction</dc:subject>
  </rdf:Description>
 </rdf:RDF>
</xenoData>
<xenoData>
 <rdf:RDF>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="">
   <dc:title>The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing-World, 1668</dc:title>
   <dc:creator>Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle</dc:creator>
   <dc:publisher>Women Writers Project</dc:publisher>
   <dc:date>2002-02-12</dc:date>
   <dc:subject>utopian fiction</dc:subject>
  </rdf:Description>
 </rdf:RDF>
</xenoData>

<xenoData>

<xenoData
   xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/"
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
 <rdf:RDF>
  <cc:Work rdf:about="">
   <dc:title>Applied Software Project Management - review</dc:title>
   <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text"/>
   <dc:license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/"/>
  </cc:Work>
  <cc:License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Reproduction"/>
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Distribution"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Notice"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Attribution"/>
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/DerivativeWorks"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/ShareAlike"/>
  </cc:License>
 </rdf:RDF>
</xenoData>

<xenoData>

<xenoData
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/">
 <oai_dc:dc>
  <dc:title>The colonial despatches of Vancouver Island and British
     Columbia 1846-1871: 11566, CO 60/2, p. 291; received 13 November.
     Trevelyan to Merivale (Permanent Under-Secretary)</dc:title>
  <dc:date>1858-11-12</dc:date>
  <dc:creator>Trevelyan</dc:creator>
  <dc:publisher>University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media
     Centre, and UVic Libraries</dc:publisher>
  <dc:type>InteractiveResource</dc:type>
  <dc:format>application/xhtml+xml</dc:format>
  <dc:type>text</dc:type>
  <dc:identifier>http://bcgenesis.uvic.ca/getDoc.htm?id=B585TE13.scx</dc:identifier>
  <dc:rights>This document is licensed under a Creative Commons …</dc:rights>
  <dc:language>(SCHEME=ISO639) en</dc:language>
  <dc:source>Transcribed from microfilm and/or original documents, and
     marked up in TEI P5 XML. The interactive XHTML resource is generated
     from the XHTML using XQuery and XSLT.</dc:source>
  <dc:source>repository: CO</dc:source>
  <dc:source>coNumber: 60</dc:source>
  <dc:source>coVol: 2</dc:source>
  <dc:source>page: 291</dc:source>
  <dc:source>coRegistration: 11566</dc:source>
  <dc:source>received: received 13 November</dc:source>
  <dc:subject>Trevelyan, Sir Charles Edward</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Merivale, Herman</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Elliot, T. Frederick</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Moody, Colonel Richard Clement</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Lytton, Sir Edward George Earle Bulwer</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Jadis, Vane</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Carnarvon, Earl</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>British Columbia</dc:subject>
  <dc:description>British Columbia correspondence: Public Offices
     document (normally correspondence between government
     departments)</dc:description>
 </oai_dc:dc>
</xenoData>

<xenoData>

<xenoData
   xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
 <mods:mods>
  <mods:titleInfo>
   <mods:title>Academic adaptation and cross-cultural
       learning experiences of Chinese students at American
       universities</mods:title>
   <mods:subTitle>a narrative inquiry</mods:subTitle>
  </mods:titleInfo>
  <mods:name type="personal"
   authority="local">
   <mods:namePart/>
   <mods:role>
    <mods:roleTerm authority="marcrelator"
     type="text">Author</mods:roleTerm>
   </mods:role>
   <mods:affiliation>Northeastern University</mods:affiliation>
   <mods:namePart type="given">Hong</mods:namePart>
   <mods:namePart type="family">Zhang</mods:namePart>
  </mods:name>
  <mods:name type="personal"
   authority="local">
   <mods:namePart/>
   <mods:role>
    <mods:roleTerm authority="local"
     type="text">Advisor</mods:roleTerm>
   </mods:role>
   <mods:namePart type="given">Liliana</mods:namePart>
   <mods:namePart type="family">Meneses</mods:namePart>
  </mods:name>

<!-- ... -->
  <mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
  <mods:genre>doctoral theses</mods:genre>
  <mods:originInfo>
   <mods:place>
    <mods:placeTerm type="text">Boston (Mass.)</mods:placeTerm>
   </mods:place>
   <mods:publisher>Northeastern University</mods:publisher>
   <mods:copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf"
    keyDate="yes">2013</mods:copyrightDate>
  </mods:originInfo>
  <mods:language>
   <mods:languageTerm authority="iso639-2b"
    type="code">eng</mods:languageTerm>
  </mods:language>
  <mods:physicalDescription>
   <mods:form authority="marcform">electronic</mods:form>
   <mods:digitalOrigin>born digital</mods:digitalOrigin>
  </mods:physicalDescription>
<!-- ... -->
 </mods:mods>
</xenoData>

<xenoData>

<xenoData xml:space="preserve"> <![CDATA[ {     "features": [         {             "geometry": {                 "type": "Point",                 "coordinates": [                     68.388483,                     33.498616                 ]             },             "type": "Feature",             "id": "darmc-location-19727",             "properties": {                 "snippet": "Unknown; 330 BC - AD 300",                 "link": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/59694/darmc-location-19727",                 "description": "5M scale point location",                 "location_precision": "precise",                 "title": "DARMC location 19727"             }         }     ],     "id": "59694",     "subject": [         "dare:ancient=1",         "dare:feature=settlement",         "dare:major=0"     ],     "title": "Arachosiorum Oppidum/Alexandria",     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 6 B3 Arachosiorum Oppidum/Alexandria",     "placeTypeURIs": [         "https://pleiades.stoa.org/vocabularies/place-types/settlement"     ],     "details": "<p>The Barrington Atlas Directory notes: Kalat-e-Ghilzai? AFG</p>",     "@context": {         "snippet": "dcterms:abstract",         "rights": "dcterms:rights",         "description": "dcterms:description",         "title": "dcterms:title",         "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",         "subject": "dcterms:subject",         "uri": "@id",         "created": "dcterms:created"     },     "review_state": "published",     "type": "FeatureCollection",     "description": "An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 B3 Arachosiorum Oppidum/Alexandria",     "reprPoint": [         68.388483,         33.498616     ],     "placeTypes": [         "settlement"     ],     "bbox": [         68.388483,         33.498616,         68.388483,         33.498616     ],     "rights": "Copyright © The Contributors. Sharing and remixing permitted under CC-BY.",     "created": "2010-09-23T04:31:55Z",     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/59694",     "creators": [         {             "username": null,             "name": "M.U. Erdosy"         }     ],     "@type": "Place" } ]]> </xenoData>

2.5. Non-TEI Metadata

<xenoData
   xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/"
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
 <rdf:RDF>
  <cc:Work rdf:about="">
   <dc:title>Applied Software Project Management - review</dc:title>
   <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text"/>
   <dc:license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/"/>
  </cc:Work>
  <cc:License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Reproduction"/>
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Distribution"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Notice"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Attribution"/>
   <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/DerivativeWorks"/>
   <cc:requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/ShareAlike"/>
  </cc:License>
 </rdf:RDF>
</xenoData>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc> (revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file. [2.6. The Revision Description 2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.docStatus

@status

Contained by

header: teiHeader

linking: annotation

May contain

core: list

header: change listChange

Note

If present on this element, the status attribute should indicate the current status of the document. The same attribute may appear on any change to record the status at the time of that change. Conventionally change elements should be given in reverse date order, with the most recent change at the start of the list.

Example

<revisionDesc status="embargoed">
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#LB"> deleted chapter 10 </change>
</revisionDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="list" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="listChange"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="change" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element revisionDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.docStatus.attributes,
   ( list+ | listChange+ | change+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <revisionDesc> (revision description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <revisionDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <revisionDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

12. Representation of Primary Sources

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.docStatus

<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change when="2010-10-21"
  status="published"/>
 <change when="2010-10-02" status="cleared"/>
 <change when="2010-08-02"
  status="embargoed"/>
 <change when="2010-05-01" status="frozen"
  who="#MSM"/>
 <change when="2010-03-01" status="draft"
  who="#LB"/>
</revisionDesc>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.6. The Revision Description

<!-- ... --><revisionDesc>
 <change n="RCS:1.39" when="2007-08-08"
  who="#jwernimo.lrv">Changed <val>drama.verse</val>
  <gi>lg</gi>s to <gi>p</gi>s. <note>we have opened a discussion about the need for a new
     value for <att>type</att> of <gi>lg</gi>, <val>drama.free.verse</val>, in order to address
     the verse of Behn which is not in regular iambic pentameter. For the time being these
     instances are marked with a comment note until we are able to fully consider the best way
     to encode these instances.</note>
 </change>
 <change n="RCS:1.33" when="2007-06-28"
  who="#pcaton.xzc">Added <att>key</att> and <att>reg</att>
   to <gi>name</gi>s.</change>
 <change n="RCS:1.31" when="2006-12-04"
  who="#wgui.ner">Completed renovation. Validated.</change>
</revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc status="embargoed">
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#LB"> deleted chapter 10 </change>
</revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc>
 <list>
  <item>
   <date when="2003-04-12">12 avril 03</date>Dernière révision par F. B.</item>
  <item>
   <date when="2003-03-01">1 mars 03</date> F.B a fait le nouveau fichier.</item>
 </list>
</revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc status="embargoed">
 <change when="1991-11-11"> 王大明刪除第十章</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="LDB">Lou Burnard</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="BZ">
  <resp>copy editing</resp>
  <name>Brett Zamir</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-02-02"
  status="public">Finished chapter 23</change>
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-01-02"
  status="draft">Finished chapter 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#LDB">Added examples to section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#MSM">Deleted chapter 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="fr_GK">G.K.</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="fr_RT">
  <resp>copie</resp>
  <name>R.T.</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<revisionDesc>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-02-02">Fin du chapitre 23</change>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-01-02">FIn du chapitre 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#fr_GK">Ajout d'exemples dans la section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#fr_MSM">Suppression du chapitre 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

<listChange>

<revisionDesc>
 <listChange>
  <change when="1991-11-11" who="#LB"> deleted chapter 10 </change>
  <change when="1991-11-02" who="#MSM"> completed first draft </change>
 </listChange>
</revisionDesc>

16. Language Corpora

16.3.1. Combining Corpus and Text Headers

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- corpus file description-->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- default encoding description -->
  </encodingDesc>
  <revisionDesc>
<!-- corpus revision description -->
  </revisionDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- first corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
   <encodingDesc>
<!-- encoding description for this corpus text, over-riding the default -->
   </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- second corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for third corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- third corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<annotation>

<annotation xml:id="ann1"
 motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#lifecycle-information and https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#agents -->
 <respStmt xml:id="fred">
  <resp>creator</resp>
  <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
 </respStmt>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change status="created"
   when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#fred"/>
  <change status="modified"
   when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#fred"/>
 </revisionDesc>
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#rights-information -->
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Multiple bodies -->
<!-- Pointers to sections of text in the same document -->
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
</annotation>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<change>

<change> (change) documents a change or set of changes made during the production of a source document, or during the revision of an electronic file. [2.6. The Revision Description 2.4.1. Creation 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed

@who

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.docStatus

@status

att.typed

@type

@subtype

target target⚓︎
(target) points to one or more elements that belong to this change.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Contained by

header: listChange revisionDesc

msdescription: recordHist

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The who attribute may be used to point to any other element, but will typically specify a respStmt or person element elsewhere in the header, identifying the person responsible for the change and their role in making it.

It is recommended that changes be recorded with the most recent first. The status attribute may be used to indicate the status of a document following the change documented.

Example

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="LDB">Lou Burnard</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="BZ">
  <resp>copy editing</resp>
  <name>Brett Zamir</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-02-02"
  status="public">Finished chapter 23</change>
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-01-02"
  status="draft">Finished chapter 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#LDB">Added examples to section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#MSM">Deleted chapter 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT1">First draft in pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT2"
    notBefore="1880-12-09">First revision, mostly
       using green ink</change>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT3"
    notBefore="1881-02-13">Final corrections as
       supplied to printer.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element change
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.docStatus.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute target { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <change> (change)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <change> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <change> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.docStatus

<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change when="2010-10-21"
  status="published"/>
 <change when="2010-10-02" status="cleared"/>
 <change when="2010-08-02"
  status="embargoed"/>
 <change when="2010-05-01" status="frozen"
  who="#MSM"/>
 <change when="2010-03-01" status="draft"
  who="#LB"/>
</revisionDesc>

2. The TEI Header

2.6. The Revision Description

<!-- ... --><revisionDesc>
 <change n="RCS:1.39" when="2007-08-08"
  who="#jwernimo.lrv">Changed <val>drama.verse</val>
  <gi>lg</gi>s to <gi>p</gi>s. <note>we have opened a discussion about the need for a new
     value for <att>type</att> of <gi>lg</gi>, <val>drama.free.verse</val>, in order to address
     the verse of Behn which is not in regular iambic pentameter. For the time being these
     instances are marked with a comment note until we are able to fully consider the best way
     to encode these instances.</note>
 </change>
 <change n="RCS:1.33" when="2007-06-28"
  who="#pcaton.xzc">Added <att>key</att> and <att>reg</att>
   to <gi>name</gi>s.</change>
 <change n="RCS:1.31" when="2006-12-04"
  who="#wgui.ner">Completed renovation. Validated.</change>
</revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc status="embargoed">
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#LB"> deleted chapter 10 </change>
</revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc status="embargoed">
 <change when="1991-11-11"> 王大明刪除第十章</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="LDB">Lou Burnard</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="BZ">
  <resp>copy editing</resp>
  <name>Brett Zamir</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-02-02"
  status="public">Finished chapter 23</change>
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-01-02"
  status="draft">Finished chapter 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#LDB">Added examples to section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#MSM">Deleted chapter 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT1">First draft in pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT2"
    notBefore="1880-12-09">First revision, mostly
       using green ink</change>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT3"
    notBefore="1881-02-13">Final corrections as
       supplied to printer.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="fr_GK">G.K.</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="fr_RT">
  <resp>copie</resp>
  <name>R.T.</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<revisionDesc>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-02-02">Fin du chapitre 23</change>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-01-02">FIn du chapitre 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#fr_GK">Ajout d'exemples dans la section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#fr_MSM">Suppression du chapitre 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21">張三新增範例於第三節</change>
<change when="1991-11-11">李四刪除第十章</change>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<change when="2005-03-10">On 10 March 2005 <name>MJD</name> added provenance
information</change>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
  <change when="2009-10-05" who="Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5
       octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure de la
     Réserve des livres rares</change>
  <change when="2009-06-01" who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er juin
       2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
  <change when="2009-06-25" who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
       juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
 </recordHist>
</adminInfo>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research
     by P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor)
   checked examples against DTD version 3.6
 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#fr_IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research by
     P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor) checked examples against DTD version
   3.6 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>源自<ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref>及P.M.W.羅賓森的附加研究。</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (編輯) 檢查不符DTD 3.6版本的範例</change>
</recordHist>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="ST-1">First stage, written in ink </change>
   <change xml:id="ST-2">Second stage, with revisions written in the author's hand
       using pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="ST-3">Fixation of the pencilled revisions together with further
       revisions in the author's hand using ink</change>
   <change xml:id="ST-4">Additions in a different hand, probably at a later
       stage</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange>
   <change xml:id="o">An unrelated change note</change>
   <listChange xml:id="m">
    <change xml:id="m1">Alterations on one manuscript page, certainly
         related</change>
    <change xml:id="m2">Alterations on another manuscript page, certainly
         related</change>
   </listChange>
   <change xml:id="p">Another unrelated change note</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<listChange ordered="true">
 <change xml:id="ST1">The first stage</change>
 <listChange ordered="false">
<!-- We have no information about the order of these changes, except that they both followed ST1 and preceded STX -->
  <change xml:id="ST-rev1">A revision of the first stage</change>
  <change xml:id="ST-rev2">Another revision of the first stage</change>
 </listChange>
 <change xml:id="STX">The last stage</change>
</listChange>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <date notAfter="1816-07-18"/>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="mod1" when="1816-07-16">The first draft of
   <title>Persuasion</title>, completed by the date <date>July 16 1816</date>
       which is written after the word <q>Finis</q> at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>.</change>
   <change xml:id="mod2"
    notBefore="1816-07-16">After the <date>16th of July</date>
       Austen starts revision of the two final chapters, by rewriting the end and
       adding a new zone (<ref target="#transp-1">pages 32-35</ref>) to be inserted at
   <ref target="#insertion-p1">page 19</ref>. This stage is documented by the
       deletion of the date (<date>July 16 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>, and the addition of more text and of a new date (<date>July 18.
         1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-31">page 31</ref>
   </change>
   <change notBefore="1816-07-18">Before publication, after <date>July 18th,
         1816</date> chapters 10-11 were broken into three chapters, 10, 11, 12, as
       witnessed by the print.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<listChange>

<revisionDesc>
 <listChange>
  <change when="1991-11-11" who="#LB"> deleted chapter 10 </change>
  <change when="1991-11-02" who="#MSM"> completed first draft </change>
 </listChange>
</revisionDesc>

<listChange>

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="CHG-1">First stage, written in ink by a writer</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-2">Second stage, written in Goethe's hand using pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-3">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by
       Goethe using ink</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-4">Addition of another stanza in a different hand,
       probably at a later stage</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<annotation>

<annotation xml:id="ann1"
 motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#lifecycle-information and https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#agents -->
 <respStmt xml:id="fred">
  <resp>creator</resp>
  <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
 </respStmt>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change status="created"
   when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#fred"/>
  <change status="modified"
   when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#fred"/>
 </revisionDesc>
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#rights-information -->
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Multiple bodies -->
<!-- Pointers to sections of text in the same document -->
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
</annotation>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<p>

<p> (paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose. [3.1. Paragraphs 7.2.5. Speech Contents]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

att.fragmentable

@part

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.pLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: item note q quote said sp stage textLang

corpus: particDesc setting settingDesc

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set view

figures: cell figure

header: abstract application availability cRefPattern calendar change correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc editionStmt editorialDecl encodingDesc handNote hyphenation interpretation langUsage licence normalization prefixDef projectDesc publicationStmt punctuation quotation refsDecl samplingDecl scriptNote segmentation seriesStmt sourceDesc stdVals styleDefDecl

msdescription: accMat acquisition additional additions binding bindingDesc collation condition custEvent custodialHist decoDesc decoNote filiation foliation handDesc history layout layoutDesc msContents msDesc msFrag msItem msItemStruct msPart musicNotation objectDesc origin physDesc provenance recordHist scriptDesc seal sealDesc signatures source summary support supportDesc surrogates typeDesc typeNote

namesdates: climate event langKnowledge listRelation nym object occupation org person personGrp persona place population state terrain trait

spoken: broadcast equipment recording recordingStmt scriptStmt transcriptionDesc

tagdocs: exemplum remarks specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph front postscript

transcr: metamark

verse: metDecl

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<p>Hallgerd was outside. <q>There is blood on your axe,</q> she said. <q>What have you
   done?</q>
</p>
<p>
 <q>I have now arranged that you can be married a second time,</q> replied Thjostolf.
</p>
<p>
 <q>Then you must mean that Thorvald is dead,</q> she said.
</p>
<p>
 <q>Yes,</q> said Thjostolf. <q>And now you must think up some plan for me.</q>
</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:p">
<sch:report test="(ancestor::tei:ab or ancestor::tei:p) and not( ancestor::tei:floatingText | parent::tei:exemplum | parent::tei:item | parent::tei:note | parent::tei:q | parent::tei:quote | parent::tei:remarks | parent::tei:said | parent::tei:sp | parent::tei:stage | parent::tei:cell | parent::tei:figure )"> Abstract model violation: Paragraphs may not occur inside other paragraphs or ab elements.
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:l//tei:p">
<sch:assert test="ancestor::tei:floatingText | parent::tei:figure | parent::tei:note"> Abstract model violation: Metrical lines may not contain higher-level structural elements such as div, p, or ab, unless p is a child of figure or note, or is a descendant of floatingText.
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element p
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <p> (paragraph)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <p> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <p> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

6. Verse

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

19. Feature Structures

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<p xml:lang="en">The
constitution declares <q>that no bill of attainder or <term xml:lang="la">ex post
     facto</term> law shall be passed.</q> ...</p>

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<p> ... Their motives <emph rend="italics">might</emph> be pure
and pious; but he was equally alarmed by his knowledge of the ambitious <name rend="italics">Bohemond</name>, and his ignorance of the Transalpine chiefs:
...</p>

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<p> ... Their motives <emph style="font-style: italic">might</emph> be pure and pious; but he was equally alarmed by his knowledge of
the ambitious <name style="font-style: italic">Bohemond</name>, and his ignorance of
the Transalpine chiefs: ...</p>

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<tagsDecl>
<!-- define italic style using CSS, selecting it as default for emph and hi elements -->
 <rendition xml:id="IT" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi">font-style: italic;</rendition>
<!-- define a serif font family, selecting it as default for the text element -->
 <rendition xml:id="FontRoman" scheme="css"
  selector="text">font-family: serif;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
   <p rendition="#IT">
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is in italic-->
   </p>
   <p>
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is not in italic -->
   </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago-15_ed">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago-15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>.
<pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>:
<publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher>
(<date>2003</date>),
<biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/15/ch05/ch05_sec002.html">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>

1.3.1.1.5. Evaluation of Links

<body>
 <div xml:base="http://www.example.org/somewhere.xml">
  <p>
<!--... -->
   <ptr target="elsewhere.xml"/>
<!--... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div>
  <p>
<!--... -->
   <ptr target="elsewhere.xml"/>
<!--... -->
  </p>
 </div>
</body>

att.anchoring

<p>(...) tamen reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
necnon episcopum in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus<anchor xml:id="A55234"/> totaliter expediui...</p>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<noteGrp targetEnd="#A55234">
 <note xml:lang="en"> Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days.
 </note>
 <note xml:lang="pl"> Quatuor Tempora, tzw. Suche dni postne.
 </note>
</noteGrp>

att.cmc

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> geht
   in einen anderen Raum: <name type="roomname">Kreuzfahrt</name>
 </p>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="event" generatedBy="system">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A08">c_bo</name> betritt
   den Raum. </p>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 rend="color:red">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A08">c_bo</name> hat die
   Farbe gewechselt.
 </p>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="2" synch="#t00394407" who="#WU00005582">
 <p> Kurze Nachfrage: Die Hieros für den Goldnamen stammen
   auch von Beckerath gem. Literatur ? Grüße --</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">18:50, 22. Okt. 2008 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.datable.custom

<p>Alhazen died in Cairo on the
<date when="1040-03-06"
  when-custom="431-06-12"> 12th day of Jumada t-Tania, 430 AH
 </date>.</p>
<p>The current world will end at the
<date when="2012-12-21"
  when-custom="13.0.0.0.0">end of B'ak'tun 13</date>.</p>
<p>The Battle of Meggidu
(<date when-custom="Thutmose_III:23">23rd year of reign of Thutmose III</date>).</p>
<p>Esidorus bixit in pace annos LXX plus minus sub
<date when-custom="Ind:4-10-11">die XI mensis Octobris indictione IIII</date>
</p>

att.datable.custom

<event xml:id="FIRE1"
 datingMethod="#julian" from-custom="1666-09-02"
 to-custom="1666-09-05">
 <head>The Great Fire of London</head>
 <p>The Great Fire of London burned through a large part
   of the city of London.</p>
</event>

att.datable.w3c

<p>
 <date when="1945-10-24">24 Oct 45</date>
 <date when="1996-09-24T07:25:00Z">September 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date>
 <time when="1999-01-04T20:42:00-05:00">Jan 4 1999 at 8 pm</time>
 <time when="14:12:38">fourteen twelve and 38 seconds</time>
 <date when="1962-10">October of 1962</date>
 <date when="--06-12">June 12th</date>
 <date when="---01">the first of the month</date>
 <date when="--08">August</date>
 <date when="2006">MMVI</date>
 <date when="0056">AD 56</date>
 <date when="-0056">56 BC</date>
</p>

att.datable.w3c

<p>
 <date when="1945-10-24">24 Oct 45</date>
 <date when="1996-09-24T07:25:00Z">24 septembre 1996 à 3h 25 du matin</date>
 <time when="1999-01-04T20:42:00-05:00">4 janvier 1999 à 8h de l'après-midi.</time>
 <time when="14:12:38">14 h 12 minutes et 38 secondes</time>
 <date when="1962-10">octobre 1962</date>
 <date when="--06-12">12 juin</date>
 <date when="---01">premier du mois</date>
 <date when="--08">Août</date>
 <date when="2006">MMVI</date>
 <date when="0056">56 ap. J.-C.</date>
 <date when="-0056">56 av. J.-C.</date>
</p>

att.edition

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1937">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Methuen</publisher>, <date>1937</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1968">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Dover</publisher>, <date>1968</date>
 </bibl>
</listBibl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Looking into the future aeons from the supreme moment of
the cosmos, I saw the populations still with all their
strength maintaining the<pb n="411" edRef="#stapledon1968"/>essentials of their ancient culture,
still living their personal lives in zest and endless
novelty of action, … I saw myself still
preserving, though with increasing difficulty, my lucid
con<pb n="291" break="no"
  edRef="#stapledon1937"/>sciousness;</p>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... --> As Willard McCarty (<bibl xml:id="mcc_2012">2012, p.2</bibl>) tells us, <quote source="#mcc_2012">‘Collaboration’ is a problematic and should be a contested
   term.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago_15_ed">Grammatical theories are in flux, and the more we learn, the
   less we seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago_15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>. <pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of
   Chicago Press</publisher> (<date>2003</date>), <biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.indentation

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.scope

<handNote scope="sole">
 <p>Written in insular phase II half-uncial with
   interlinear Old English gloss in an Anglo-Saxon
   pointed minuscule.</p>
</handNote>

att.global

<p> … The consequences of
this rapid depopulation were the loss of the last
<foreign xml:lang="rap">ariki</foreign> or chief
(Routledge 1920:205,210) and their connections to
ancestral territorial organization.</p>

2. The TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- Information about distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- Information about source from which the resource derives -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<fileDesc>

<fileDesc>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The shortest possible TEI document</title>
 </titleStmt>
 <publicationStmt>
  <p>Distributed as part of TEI P5</p>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No print source exists: this is an original digital text</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>

<fileDesc>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Le document TEI minimal</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>Distribué comme partie de TEI P5</p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>Aucune source : ce document est né numérique</p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <p>Première édition électronique, Nancy, <date> 2002</date>, réalisée dans le cadre de la
   base <ref target="http://www.frantext.fr/">FRANTEXT</ref> .</p>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <p>初版<date>1991年，上學期</date>
 </p>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <p>First edition, <date>Michaelmas Term, 1991.</date>
 </p>
</editionStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
 <idno type="ISBN">0-19-254705-4</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Copyright 1989, Oxford University Press</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Sigma Press</publisher>
 <address>
  <addrLine>21 High Street,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Wilmslow,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Cheshire M24 3DF</addrLine>
 </address>
 <date>1991</date>
 <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
 <idno type="OTA">1256</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Available with prior consent of depositor for
     purposes of academic research and teaching only.</p>
 </availability>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
 <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
 <address>
  <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
  <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
  <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
  <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
 </address>
 <availability status="free">
  <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>大塊文化</publisher>
 <pubPlace>台灣：台北</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>版權所有 翻印必究</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Chadwyck Healey</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>Available under licence only</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Zea Books</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Lincoln, NE</pubPlace>
 <date>2017</date>
 <availability>
  <p>This is an open access work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</p>
 </availability>
 <ptr target="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/55"/>
</publicationStmt>

<availability>

<availability status="restricted">
 <p>Available for academic research purposes only.</p>
</availability>
<availability status="free">
 <p>In the public domain</p>
</availability>
<availability status="restricted">
 <p>Available under licence from the publishers.</p>
</availability>

<availability>

<availability status="restricted">
 <p>L' ABES a adopté le système Créative Commons pour permettre à tous ceux qui le
   souhaitent, de reproduire tout ou partie des rubriques du site de l'ABES sur support
   papier ou support électronique.</p>
</availability>

<availability>

<availability status="restricted">
 <p>僅供學術研究使用</p>
</availability>
<availability status="free">
 <p>用於公共領域</p>
</availability>
<availability status="restricted">
 <p>需徵求出版商授權</p>
</availability>

<availability>

<availability>
 <licence target="http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT">
  <p>The MIT License
     applies to this document.</p>
  <p>Copyright (C) 2011 by The University of Victoria</p>
  <p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
     of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
     in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
     to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
     copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
     furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:</p>
  <p>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
     all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>
  <p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
     IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
     AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
     LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
     OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
     THE SOFTWARE.</p>
 </licence>
</availability>

<licence>

<availability>
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
  notBefore="2013-01-01">
  <p>The Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) Licence
     applies to this document.</p>
  <p>The licence was added on January 1, 2013.</p>
 </licence>
</availability>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <p>Born digital.</p>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <p>Texte original : le texte a été créé sous sa forme électronique.</p>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <p>無來源：以電腦可讀格式建立</p>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <p>Born digital: no previous source exists.</p>
</sourceDesc>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<encodingDesc>

<encodingDesc>
 <p>Basic encoding, capturing lexical information only. All
   hyphenation, punctuation, and variant spellings normalized. No
   formatting or layout information preserved.</p>
</encodingDesc>

<encodingDesc>

<encodingDesc>
 <projectDesc>
  <p>Corpus de textes sélectionnés pour la formation MISAT,
     Frejus, juillet 2010.</p>
 </projectDesc>
 <samplingDecl>
  <p>Corpus d'échantillons de 2000 mots pris au début de
     chaque texte.</p>
 </samplingDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.1. The Project Description

<encodingDesc>
 <projectDesc>
  <p>Texts collected for use in the
     Claremont Shakespeare Clinic, June 1990.</p>
 </projectDesc>
</encodingDesc>

<projectDesc>

<projectDesc>
 <p>Texts collected for use in the Claremont Shakespeare Clinic, June 1990</p>
</projectDesc>

<projectDesc>

<projectDesc>
 <p>La saisie a été effectuée par notre partenaire Datactivity. Le texte saisi a été
   ensuite converti et remis en forme selon les normes du format XML, standard d’échange ou
   d’affichage de documents permettant de séparer la forme et le contenu et offrant une
   déclinaison d’outils qui donnent la possibilité d’exploiter un texte comme une véritable
   base de données. La norme adoptée (DTD) est le TEI (Text Encoding Initiative). </p>
 <p> Affichage et manipulation du texte (mise au format, filtrage, réorganisation) se font
   sur un serveur Apache à l'aide de l'infrastructure Axkit.</p>
 <p> Le moteur logiciel du site a été développé en Xpathscript et s'appuie sur les travaux
   de Dominique Quatravaux (Alliance Francophone Pour l'Avancement d'XPathScript) et de
   Yanick Champoux (support de Libxml via YPathScript).</p>
 <p>Les programmes développés pour le site sont mis à la disposition en open-source sur
   demande (contacter Alexandre Gefen). </p>
 <p>Les fonctions de recherche plein texte sont fournies par Philologic dans le cadre du
   partenariat du projet avec ARTFL.</p>
 <p>L’architecture de travail, sous Linux, est destinée à garantir une haute disponibilité
   et des performances optimales. La liaison avec Internet est assurée par les services
   informatiques de l’Université de Neuchâtel (SITEL).</p>
</projectDesc>

<projectDesc>

<projectDesc>
 <p>文件收集於1990年7月，杭州杜甫詩作研討會使用</p>
</projectDesc>

2.3.2. The Sampling Declaration

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Samples of 2000 words taken from the beginning of the text.</p>
</samplingDecl>

2.3.2. The Sampling Declaration

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Text of stories only has been transcribed. Pull quotes, captions,
   and advertisements have been silently omitted. Any mathematical
   expressions requiring symbols not present in the ISOnum or ISOpub
   entity sets have been omitted, and their place marked with a GAP
   element.</p>
</samplingDecl>

<samplingDecl>

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Samples of up to 2000 words taken at random from the beginning, middle, or end of each
   text identified as relevant by respondents.</p>
</samplingDecl>

<samplingDecl>

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Corpus
   d'échantillons de 2000 mots pris au début de chaque texte. </p>
</samplingDecl>

2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling using
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary
  </p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks converted to “ all closing
     quotation marks converted to &amp;cdq;.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p>Certains mots coupés par accident typographique en fin de ligne ont été réassemblés
     sans commentaire.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>Les "guillements français" ont été remplacée par des "guillemets droits" (sans
     symétrie)</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization>
  <p> 所有字皆轉換為源自Websters 9th Collegiate字典的現代美語拼法</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>所有的前括號都改成" 後括號都改成 "</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<correction>

<correction>
 <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the WordPerfect spelling checker, with a user
   defined dictionary of 500 extra words taken from Chambers Twentieth Century
   Dictionary.</p>
</correction>

<correction>

<correction>
 <p>Les erreurs de transcriptions ont été détectées et corrigées à l'aide du correcteur
   Cordial 2006 - Synapse</p>
</correction>

<correction>

<correction>
 <p>抄寫錯誤由WordPerfect拼寫檢查系統控制，該系統使用Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary裡內含之使用者自訂的500個詞條。</p>
</correction>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Where both upper- and lower-case i, j, u, v, and vv have been normalized, to modern
     20th century typographical practice, the <gi>choice</gi> element has been used to
     enclose <gi>orig</gi> and <gi>reg</gi> elements giving the original and new values
     respectively. ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>Spacing between words and following punctuation has been regularized to zero spaces;
     spacing between words has been regularized to one space.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>Spelling converted throughout to Modern American usage, based on Websters 9th
     Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Là où les majuscules et les minuscules i, j, u, v et vv ont été normalisées selon la
     pratique typographique moderne, l'élément<gi> choice</gi> a été employé en association
     avec <gi>orig</gi> et <gi>reg</gi>pour fournir à la fois les formes originales et les
     formes nouvelles , respectivement ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p> L'espace entre chaque mot a été régularisé à un espace. Un signe de ponctuation
     simple est suivi d'un espace, un signe de ponctuation double est précédé et suivi d'un
     espace.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/langue/orthographe/plan.html">
  <p>Normalisation effectuée selon le Rapport Du Conseil Supérieur De La Langue Française
     publié dans les documents administratifs du Journal officiel du 6 décembre 1990</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>當大寫與小寫的 i, j, u, v, 以及vv已經標準化，符合二十世紀現代印刷術，<gi>choice</gi>元素就用來包含 <gi>orig</gi> 還有
  <gi>reg</gi> 兩個元素，並賦予新的意義。… </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>字與字後的標點符號之間規定沒有空格；字與字間規定留一個空格。</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>拼字源於Websters 9th Collegiate字典的現代美語用法</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>No quotation marks have been retained. Instead, the <att>rend</att> attribute on the
 <gi>q</gi> element is used to specify what kinds of quotation mark was used, according
   to the following list: <list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>double quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>single quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>long dash open, no close</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>double guillemets, open and close</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>Aucun guillemet n'a été conservé. Au lieu de cela, on a utilisé l'attribut
 <att>rend</att> pour l'élément <gi>q</gi> afin de spécifier quel type de guillemet a été
   utilisé, selon la liste suivante : <list type="gloss">
   <label>ga</label>
   <item>guillemet allemand</item>
   <label>gd</label>
   <item>guillemet anglais ou guillemet dactylographique </item>
   <label>gf</label>
   <item>guillemet français</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="all">
 <p>Tous les guillemets sont maintenus dans le texte et sont représentés par les caractères
   Unicode appropriés.</p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>不保留引號，改用元素<gi>q</gi>內的屬性<att>rend</att> 來區分引號的種類，種類如下：<list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>雙引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>單引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>破折號，僅前面一個</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>雙箭號，前後各一</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="all">
 <p>保留所有引號，以合適的Unicode字形表示。</p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="all">
 <p>All quotation marks are retained in the text and are represented by appropriate Unicode
   characters.</p>
</quotation>

<hyphenation>

<hyphenation eol="some">
 <p>End-of-line hyphenation silently removed where appropriate</p>
</hyphenation>

<hyphenation>

<hyphenation eol="some">
 <p>Le cas échéant, suppression du tiret de coupure de mot en de fin de ligne.</p>
</hyphenation>

<hyphenation>

<hyphenation eol="some">
 <p>行末連字符號，必要時可以移除。</p>
</hyphenation>

<segmentation>

<segmentation>
 <p>
  <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and are numbered sequentially within
   their parent <gi>div</gi> element </p>
</segmentation>

<segmentation>

<p>
 <gi>seg</gi> elements are used to mark functional constituents of various types within each
<gi>s</gi>; the typology used is defined by a <gi>taxonomy</gi> element in the corpus
header <gi>classDecl</gi>
</p>

<stdVals>

<stdVals>
 <p>All integer numbers are left-filled with zeroes to 8 digits.</p>
</stdVals>

<stdVals>

<stdVals>
 <p>Les nombres entiers sont précédés de 0 à 8 chiffres.</p>
</stdVals>

<stdVals>

<stdVals>
 <p>所有數字四捨五入至小數點第二位</p>
</stdVals>

<interpretation>

<interpretation>
 <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was added by hand and has not
   been checked</p>
</interpretation>

<interpretation>

<interpretation>
 <p>La partie concernant l'analyse de discours qui a été appliquée partout dans la section
   4 a été ajoutée à la main et n'a pas été vérifiée.</p>
</interpretation>

<interpretation>

<interpretation>
 <p>第四節部份言說分析是手寫加上去的，尚未檢查。</p>
</interpretation>

<punctuation>

<punctuation marks="all"
 placement="internal">
 <p>All punctuation marks in the source text have been retained and represented using the
   appropriate Unicode code point. In cases where a punctuation mark and nearby markup convey
   the same information (for example, a sentence ends with a question mark and is also tagged
   as <gi>s</gi>) the punctuation mark is captured as content within the element.</p>
</punctuation>

<punctuation>

<p>I would agree with Saint Augustine that “<quote>An unjust law is no law at all</quote>.”</p>

<punctuation>

<p>I would agree with Saint Augustine that <quote>“An unjust law is no law at all.”</quote>
</p>

2.3.6.1. Prose Method

<refsDecl>
 <p>The <att>n</att> attribute of each text in this corpus carries a
   unique identifying code for the whole text. The title of the text is
   held as the content of the first <gi>head</gi> element within each
   text. The <att>n</att> attribute on each <gi>div1</gi> and
 <gi>div2</gi> contains the canonical reference for each such
   division, in the form 'XX.yyy', where XX is the book number in Roman
   numerals, and yyy the section number in arabic. Line beginnings are
   marked by empty <gi>lb</gi> elements, each of which includes the
   through line number in Casaubon's edition as the value of its
 <gi>n</gi> attribute.</p>
 <p>The through line number and the text identifier uniquely identify
   any line. A canonical reference may be made up by concatenating the
 <gi>n</gi> values from the <gi>text</gi>, <gi>div1</gi>, or
 <gi>div2</gi> and calculating the line number within each part.</p>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl xml:id="fr_ASLREF">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
  replacementPattern="#fr_xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
  <p>Une référence a été créée en assemblant les éléments suivants dans l'ordre inverse de
     la liste qui suit : <list>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> du précédent <gi>lb</gi>
    </item>
    <item>une période</item>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> de l'ancêtre <gi>div2</gi>
    </item>
    <item>un espace</item>
    <item>la valeur<att>n</att> du parent <gi>div1</gi>
    </item>
   </list>
  </p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <p>參照是將位於最高層級的<gi>div</gi>元素的屬性<att>n</att>值串聯起來，
   其後跟著空格和續接的下一層級<gi>div</gi>，接著冒點，
   然後是續接的下一(最低) 層級的<gi>div</gi>所組成。</p>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <p>References are made up by concatenating the value for the
 <att>n</att> attribute on the highest level <gi>div</gi>
   element, followed by a space, followed by the sequential
   number of the next level <gi>div</gi> followed by a colon
   followed by the sequential number of the next (and lowest)
   level <gi>div</gi>.</p>
</refsDecl>

<prefixDef>

<prefixDef ident="ref"
 matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
 replacementPattern="../../references/references.xml#$1">
 <p> In the context of this project, private URIs with
   the prefix "ref" point to <gi>div</gi> elements in
   the project's global references.xml file.
 </p>
</prefixDef>

<listPrefixDef>

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([A-Z]+)"
  replacementPattern="personography.xml#$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>psn</code>
     prefix are pointers to <gi>person</gi>
     elements in the personography.xml file.
     For example, <code>psn:MDH</code>
     dereferences to <code>personography.xml#MDH</code>.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="bibl"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+[a-z0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://www.example.com/getBibl.xql?id=$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>bibl</code> prefix can be
     expanded to form URIs which retrieve the relevant
     bibliographical reference from www.example.com.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

<handNote>

<handNote scope="sole">
 <p>以類似小篆字體書寫，行間有以隸書寫成的古文字。</p>
</handNote>

<abstract>

<profileDesc>
 <abstract resp="#LB">
  <p>Good database design involves the acquisition and deployment of
     skills which have a wider relevance to the educational process. From
     a set of more or less instinctive rules of thumb a formal discipline
     or "methodology" of database design has evolved. Applying that
     methodology can be of great benefit to a very wide range of academic
     subjects: it requires fundamental skills of abstraction and
     generalisation and it provides a simple mechanism whereby complex
     ideas and information structures can be represented and manipulated,
     even without the use of a computer. </p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract>
  <p>This paper is a draft studying
     various aspects of using the TEI
     as a reference serialization framework
     for LMF. Comments are welcome to bring
     this to a useful document for the
     community.
  </p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract xml:lang="en">
  <p>The recent archaeological emphasis
     on the study of settlement patterns,
     landscape and palaeoenvironments has
     shaped and re-shaped our understanding
     of the Viking settlement of Iceland.
     This paper reviews the developments
     in Icelandic archaeology, examining
     both theoretical and practical advances.
     Particular attention is paid to new
     ideas in terms of settlement patterns
     and resource exploitation. Finally,
     some of the key studies of the ecological
     consequences of the Norse
  <foreign xml:lang="is">landnám</foreign>
     are presented. </p>
 </abstract>
 <abstract xml:lang="fr">
  <p>L’accent récent des
     recherches archéologiques sur l’étude des
     configurations spatiales des colonies, de la
     géographie des sites ainsi que des éléments
     paléo-environnementaux nous mène à réexaminer
     et réévaluer nos connaissances acquises sur
     la colonisation de l’Islande par les Vikings.
     Cet article passe en revue le développement
     de l’archéologie islandaise en examinant les
     progrès théoriques et pratiques en la matière.
     Une attention particulière est portée sur
     l’étude des configurations spatiales des
     colonies ainsi qu’une considération des
     questions d’exploitation des ressources.
     Finalement, l’article présente un aperçu des
     études principales qui traitent des
     conséquences écologiques du
  <foreign xml:lang="is">landnám</foreign>
     islandais.</p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

2.4.5. Calendar Description

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="Gregorian" type="actual">
  <p>Gregorian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="Stardate"
  type="fictional">
  <p>Fictional Stardate (from Star Trek series)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="BP" type="actual">
  <p>Calendar years before present (measured from 1950)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

2.4.5. Calendar Description

<p>Captain's log <date calendar="#stardate">stardate 23.9 rounded off
   to the nearest decimal point</date>...</p>

<calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AD">
  <p>Anno Domini (Christian Era)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AH">
  <p>Anno Hegirae (Muhammedan Era)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AME">
  <p>Mauludi Era (solar years since Mohammed's birth)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AM">
  <p>Anno Mundi (Jewish Calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AP">
  <p>Anno Persici</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_AS">
  <p>Aji Saka Era (Java)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_BE">
  <p>Buddhist Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CB">
  <p>Cooch Behar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CE">
  <p>Common Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CL">
  <p>Chinese Lunar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_CS">
  <p>Chula Sakarat Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_EE">
  <p>Ethiopian Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_FE">
  <p>Fasli Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_ISO">
  <p>ISO 8601 calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_JE">
  <p>Japanese Calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_KE">
  <p>Khalsa Era (Sikh calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_KY">
  <p>Kali Yuga</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_ME">
  <p>Malabar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_MS">
  <p>Monarchic Solar Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_NS">
  <p>Nepal Samwat Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_OS">
  <p>Old Style (Julian Calendar)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_RS">
  <p>Rattanakosin (Bangkok) Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SE">
  <p>Saka Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SH">
  <p>Mohammedan Solar Era (Iran)</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_SS">
  <p>Saka Samvat</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_TE">
  <p>Tripurabda Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_VE">
  <p>Vikrama Era</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_VS">
  <p>Vikrama Samvat Era</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Gregorian">
  <p>Gregorian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Julian">
  <p>Julian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Islamic">
  <p>Islamic or Muslim (hijri) lunar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Hebrew">
  <p>Hebrew or Jewish lunisolar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Revolutionary">
  <p>French Revolutionary calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Iranian">
  <p>Iranian or Persian (Jalaali) solar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Coptic">
  <p>Coptic or Alexandrian calendar</p>
 </calendar>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Chinese">
  <p>Chinese lunisolar calendar</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="cal_Egyptian"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Egyptian calendar (as defined by Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="julianEngland">
  <p>Julian Calendar (including proleptic)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="egyptian"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Egyptian calendar (as defined by Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="juliano">
  <p>Calendario juliano (incluido el proléptico)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

<calendar>

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="egipcio"
  target="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar">
  <p>Calendario egipcio (tal como lo define Wikipedia)</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.1. Paragraphs

<body>
 <p>It is in vain to say human beings ought to be satisfied with tranquillity:
   they must have action; and they will make it if they cannot find it. Millions are
   condemned to a stiller doom than mine, and millions are in silent revolt against
   their lot. Nobody knows how many rebellions besides political rebellions ferment
   in the masses of life which people earth. Women are supposed to be very calm
   generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties,
   and a field for their efforts, as much as their brothers do; they suffer from
   too rigid a restraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer; and
   it is narrow-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to
   confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano
   and embroidering bags. It is thoughtless to condemn them, or laugh at them, if they
   seek to do more or learn more than custom has pronounced necessary for their sex.</p>
</body>

3.1. Paragraphs

<dateline>SARAJEVO, Bosnia and Herzegovina, April 19</dateline>
<p>Serbs seized more territory in this struggling new country today as
the United States Air Force ended a two-day airlift of humanitarian
aid into the capital, Sarajevo.</p>
<p>International relief workers called on European Community nations
to step up their humanitarian aid to the former Yugoslav republic,
in conjunction with new American aid flights if necessary.</p>
<p>A special envoy from the European Community, Colin Doyle, harshly
condemned the decision by Serbs to shell Sarajevo on Saturday night
during a visit to the Bosnian capital by a senior American official,
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Ralph R. Johnson.</p>
<p>...</p>

3.1. Paragraphs

<p>A fly built a castle, a tall and mighty castle.
There came to the castle the Crawling Louse. <q>Who,
   who's in the castle? Who, who's in your house?</q>
said the Crawling Louse. <q>I, I, the Languishing Fly.
   And who art thou?</q>
 <q>I'm the Crawling Louse.</q>
</p>
<p>Then came to the castle the Leaping Flea. <q>Who,
   who's in the castle?</q> said the Leaping Flea. <q>I,
   I, the Languishing Fly, and I, the Crawling Louse. And
   who art thou?</q>
 <q>I'm the Leaping Flea.</q>
</p>
<p>Then came to the castle the Mischievous Mosquito.
<q>Who, who's in the castle?</q> said the Mischievous
Mosquito. <q>I, I, the Languishing Fly, and I, the
   Crawling Louse, and I, the Leaping Flea. And who art
   thou?</q>
 <q>I'm the Mischievous Mosquito.</q>
</p>

<p>

<p>Hallgerd was outside. <q>There is blood on your axe,</q> she said. <q>What have you
   done?</q>
</p>
<p>
 <q>I have now arranged that you can be married a second time,</q> replied Thjostolf.
</p>
<p>
 <q>Then you must mean that Thorvald is dead,</q> she said.
</p>
<p>
 <q>Yes,</q> said Thjostolf. <q>And now you must think up some plan for me.</q>
</p>

<p>

<div>
 <p>C'était à Mégara, faubourg de Carthage, dans les jardins d'Hamilcar.</p>
 <p>Les soldats qu'il avait commandés en Sicile se donnaient un grand festin pour célébrer
   le jour anniversaire de la bataille d'Eryx, et comme le maître était absent et qu'ils se
   trouvaient nombreux, ils mangeaient et ils buvaient en pleine liberté.</p>
</div>

<p>

<p>我抬起頭，他打開了一扇窗戶，探出頭來。<q>先生？</q>
</p>
<p>
 <q>你要去哪。葛里葉？</q>
</p>
<p>
 <q>去藥劑師那裡，先生。太太要我去，替男孩拿點東西。</q>
</p>
<p>
 <q>你能不能也替我拿點東西？</q>
</p>ㄒㄒ

<p>
 <q>當然能，先生。</q> 忽然間風好像沒那麼刺骨了。 <q>等一下，我把它寫下來。</q>
</p>

<foreign>

<p>Pendant ce temps-là, dans le bureau du rez- de-chaussée, les secrétaires faisaient du
<foreign xml:lang="en">hulla-hoop</foreign>.</p>

<emph>

<div>
 <p>«Mes amis, dit-il, mes amis, je... je... »</p>
 <p>Mais quelque chose l'étouffait. Il ne pouvait pas achever sa phrase.</p>
 <p> Alors il se tourna vers le tableau, prit un morceau de craie, et, en appuyant de
   toutes ses forces, il écrivit aussi gros qu'il put : </p>
 <p>
  <emph>«vive la France !"»</emph>
 </p>
 <p> Puis il resta là, la tête appuyée au mur, et, sans parler, avec sa main il nous
   faisait signe:</p>
 <p>«C'est fini...allez-vous-en.»</p>
</div>

<emph>

<p> Tu sais quoi ? On l'aurait proposé pour <emph>la médaille</emph> ! </p>

<hi>

<p>Au fronton, on lit cette inscription : <hi rend="uppercase">attends. Tu verras.</hi> Le
notaire encore prétend qu' elle ne saurait être antérieure au XVIII siècle, car, sinon, l'
on eût écrit --<q>tu voiras</q>--. </p>

<distinct>

<p>- Elle fait chier, cette <distinct type="verlan">meuf</distinct>. Tu confonds amour et
<distinct type="argot">piquouse</distinct>. Tu l'auras, ton <distinct type="argot">shoot</distinct>, merde ! </p>

3.3.3. Quotation

<p>
 <said>The Lord! The Lord! It is Sakya Muni himself,</said> the lama half
sobbed; and under his breath began the wonderful Buddhist
invocation:-<said>
  <quote>
   <l>To Him the Way — the Law — Apart —</l>
   <l>Whom Maya held beneath her heart</l>
   <l>Ananda's Lord — the Bodhisat</l>
  </quote>
   And He is here! The Most Excellent Law is here also. My
   pilgrimage is well begun. And what work! What work!</said>
</p>

3.3.3. Quotation

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

<said>

<p> Celia thought privately, <said aloud="false">Dorothea quite despises Sir James Chettam;
   I believe she would not accept him.</said> Celia felt that this was a pity.

<!-- ... -->
</p>

<said>

<!-- in the header --><editorialDecl>
 <quotation marks="none"/>
</editorialDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Tantripp had brought a card, and said that <said direct="false">there was a gentleman waiting in the lobby</said>.
The courier had told him that <said direct="false">only Mrs. Casaubon was at home</said>,
but he said <said direct="false">he was a relation of Mr. Casaubon's: would she see him?</said>
</p>

<said>

<!-- in the header --><editorialDecl>
 <quotation marks="all"/>
</editorialDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>
 <said>"Our minstrel here will warm the old man's heart with song, dazzle him with jewels and
   gold"</said>, a troublemaker simpered. <said>"He'll trample on the Duke's camellias, spill
   his wine, and blunt his sword, and say his name begins with X, and in the end the Duke
   will say, <said>'Take Saralinda, with my blessing, O lordly Prince of Rags and Tags, O
     rider of the sun!'</said>"</said>
</p>

<said>

<p>Ils l'entendaient murmurer : <said> Morts ! Tous morts ! Vous ne viendrez plus obéissant
   à ma voix, quand, assise sur le bord du lac, je vous jetais dans la gueule des pépins de
   pastèques ! Le mystère de Tanit roulait au fond de vos yeux, plus limpides que les
   globules des fleuves.</said> Et elle les appelait par leurs noms, qui étaient les noms
des mois.<said>Siv ! Sivan ! Tammouz, Eloul, Tischri, Schebar ! Ah ! pitié pour moi,
   Déesse ! </said>
</p>

<said>

<p>
 <said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">On veut donc plaire à sa petite fille ?...
 </said>, dit Caroline en mettant sa tête sur l'épaule d'Adolphe, qui la baise au front en
pensant : <said aloud="false">Dieu merci, je la tiens! </said>.
</p>

<said>

<p>
 <said>一路下去，慢慢我發覺我和王一生之間，既開始有互相的信任和基於經驗的同情，又有各自的疑問。</said>
他總是問我與他認識之前是怎麼生活的，尤其是父母死後的兩年是怎麼混的。<said>我大略地告訴他，可他又特別在一些細節上詳細地打聽，主要是關於吃。例如講到有一次我一天沒有吃到東西，他就問：<said> 「一點兒都沒吃到嗎？」</said>
 </said>
</p>

<said>

<p>
 <said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">嗯，</said>他耳邊傳來小小的聲音說： <said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">有點難以決定，非常困難。 很有勇氣、頭腦也不錯、有天份。喔！我的天啊！沒錯— 還有熱切證明自我的渴望，這真的很有趣。…
   我應該把你分發到哪呢？</said>
</p>
<p>哈利抓緊分類帽的邊緣想著：<said aloud="false" rend="italic">不要是史來哲林，千萬不要</said>。</p>

<said>

<p>
 <said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">Hmmm</said>, said a small voice in his ear.
<said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">Difficult. Very difficult. Plenty of courage, I see.
   Not a bad mind either. there's talent, oh my goodness, yes — and a nice thirst to prove
   yourself, now that's interesting. … So where shall I put you?</said>
</p>
<p>Harry gripped the edges of the stool and thought, <said aloud="false" rend="italic">Not
   Slytherin, not Slytherin</said>.</p>

<q>

<p>Si quelque serrure allait mal, il l'avait bientôt démontée, rafistolée, huilée, limée,
remontée, en disant :<q>ça me connaît</q>.</p>

<q>

<p>Enfin je me rappelai le pis-aller d’une grande princesse à
qui l’on disait que les paysans n’avaient pas de pain, et qui
répondit : <q>Qu’ils mangent de la brioche.</q>
</p>

<soCalled>

<p> Mais, après tout, les propos auxquels on mêlait son nom n'étaient que des propos ; du
bruit, des mots, des paroles, moins que des paroles, des<soCalled>palabres</soCalled>,
comme dit l'énergique langue du midi.</p>

<term>

<p>SGANARELLE.</p>
<p>Qui est causée par l'âcreté des <term>humeurs</term> engendrées dans la concavité du
<term>diaphragme</term>, il arrive que ces <term>vapeurs</term>... Ossabandus, nequeys,
nequer, potarinum, quipsa milus. Voilà justement ce qui fait que votre fille est muette.</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大学</rb>
  <rt place="above">だいがく</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大</rb>
  <rt place="above">だい</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>学</rb>
  <rt place="above">がく</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="zh-TW">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>瓶</rb>
  <rt place="right">ㄆㄧㄥˊ</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>子</rb>
  <rt place="right">˙ㄗ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <ruby>
    <rb>打</rb>
    <rt place="right">ダ</rt>
   </ruby>
   <ruby>
    <rb>球</rb>
    <rt place="right">キウ</rt>
   </ruby>
     場
  </rb>
  <rt place="left">ビリヤード</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <anchor xml:id="da"/>打
  <anchor xml:id="kyuu"/>球
  <anchor xml:id="ba"/>場
  <anchor xml:id="owari"/>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" from="#da" to="#owari">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#da" to="#kyuu">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#kyuu" to="#ba">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb xml:id="dakyuuba">
   <c xml:id="chr1">打</c>
   <c xml:id="chr2">球</c>
   <c>場</c>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" target="#dakyuuba">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr1">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr2">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>ㄅ</rb>
  <rt place="right">B</rt>
  <rt place="right">博</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <ruby>
    <rb>ㄅ</rb>
    <rt place="right">B</rt>
   </ruby>
  </rb>
  <rt place="right">博</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>蘝蔓</rb>
  <rt hand="#MoriOhgai" style="color: red;">ヤブカラシ</rt>
 </ruby>
于野

<!--...-->
</p>

<ruby>

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>入学試験</rb>
  <rt place="above">にゅうがくしけん</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

<rb>

<p xml:lang="zh">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>你</rb>
  <rt place="above">nǐ</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>好</rb>
  <rt place="above">hǎo</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

<rt>

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大</rb>
  <rt place="right">だい</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>統</rb>
  <rt place="right">とう</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>領</rb>
  <rt place="right">りょう</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>Ainsi lecteur, je suis<choice>
  <orig>moy-mesmes</orig>
  <reg>moi-même</reg>
 </choice> la matière de mon livre : ce n'est pas raison que tu emploies ton loisir en un <choice>
  <orig>subject</orig>
  <reg>sujet</reg>
 </choice>si frivole et si vain.</p>

<choice>

<p>清朝與日本為爭奪北韓半島控制權，爆發歷史上著名的甲午戰爭。 發生於清光緒二十年，西元 <choice>
  <sic>1892</sic>
  <corr>1894</corr>
 </choice>年，雙方水陸大戰，傷亡者<choice>
  <orig>衆</orig>
  <reg>眾</reg>
 </choice>。</p>

3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization

<p>...how godly a <orig>dede</orig> it is to
<orig>overthrowe</orig> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <orig>thinke</orig>
there <orig>canot</orig> be a greater
<orig>sacryfice</orig> to God</p>

3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization

<p>...how godly a
<reg>deed</reg> it is to <reg>overthrow</reg> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <reg>think</reg>
there <reg>cannot</reg> be a greater
<reg>sacrifice</reg> to God.</p>

3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization

<p>...how godly a <choice>
  <orig>dede</orig>
  <reg>deed</reg>
 </choice> it is to
<choice>
  <orig>overthrowe</orig>
  <reg>overthrow</reg>
 </choice> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <choice>
  <orig>thinke</orig>
  <reg>think</reg>
 </choice>
there <choice>
  <orig>canot</orig>
  <reg>cannot</reg>
 </choice> be a greater
<choice>
  <orig>sacryfice</orig>
  <reg>sacrifice</reg>
 </choice> to God.</p>

<orig>

<p>si mes pensées se sont entretenues des occurences <orig>estrangieres</orig> quelque
partie du temps, quelque autre partie je les <orig>rameine</orig> à la promenade, au<orig> vergier</orig>, à la douceur de cette solitude et à moy. </p>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<p>I leave Dublin to-morrow for M<ellipsis>
  <metamark>——</metamark>
 </ellipsis> house. It is situated in the county of <ellipsis>
  <metamark>——</metamark>
 </ellipsis>, on the north-west coast of <placeName>Connaught</placeName>, which I am told is the classic ground of <placeName>Ireland</placeName>.</p>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<p>... and then <unclear reason="passingTruck">marbled queen</unclear>...</p>

<del>

<p>[...] mais il y reste quelque chose de mystérieux, de furtif. <del rend="overtyped">Je</del> On cesse un instant d'y penser; <del rend="overstrike">les </del>mes yeux se
ferment ou <del rend="overstrike">s'attardent sur </del> se détournent sur un livre... On
relève la tête: il est là </p>

<unclear>

<div>
 <head>Rx</head>
 <p>500 mg <unclear reason="illegible">placebo</unclear>
 </p>
</div>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <q>My dear
 <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>
 </q>, said his lady to
him one day, <q>have you heard that <rs type="place">Netherfield Park</rs> is let at last?</q>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>Collectors of water-rents were appointed by the
<rs type="org">Watering Committee</rs>.
They were paid a commission not exceeding four per
cent, and gave bond.</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>It being one of the principles of the
<rs type="org">Circumlocution Office</rs> never, on any
account whatsoever, to give a straightforward answer,
<rs type="person">Mr Barnacle</rs> said, <q>Possibly.</q>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <q>My dear <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>
 </q>, said
<rs type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day ...
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr. Bennet</name>,</q> said <rs type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day,
<q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield Park</name> is let at last?</q>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name key="VOM1" type="person">Mme. de Volanges</name>
marie <rs key="VOM2">sa fille</rs>:
c'est encore un secret;
mais elle m'en a fait part hier.
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name key="LHR" type="airport">Heathrow</name>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_airport"
  type="airport">Heathrow</name>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>My personal life during
the administration of <rs key="POJA1" type="person">Col. Polk
   (<reg>Polk, James K.</reg>)</rs> has but poorly compensated me for the
suspended enjoyments and pursuits of private and professional
spheres</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:VOM1"
  type="person">Mme. de Volanges</name> marie <rs ref="tag:theworksoflaclos.org,2012:VOM2">sa fille</rs>: c'est encore un secret;
mais elle m'en a fait part hier.
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:WADLM1"
  type="person">
  <choice>
   <orig>Walter de la Mare</orig>
   <reg>de la Mare, Walter</reg>
  </choice>
 </name>
was born at <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Ch1"
  type="place">Charlton</name>, in
<name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:KT1"
  type="county">Kent</name>, in 1873.
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name type="place">Montaillou</name> is not a large parish.
At the time of the events which led to
<name type="person">Fournier<index>
   <term>Benedict XII, Pope of Avignon (Jacques Fournier)</term>
  </index>
 </name>'s
investigations, the local population consisted of between 200 and 250 inhabitants.
</p>

<rs>

<p>La famille s'était alors retirée en banlieue, à <rs type="place">Villemomble</rs>, mais
<rs type="person">Alfred </rs>aimait se rendre à <rs type="place">Paris</rs> et un jour de 1917 alors qu'il sortait de <rs type="place">la maison des
   Arts et Métiers</rs> il était tombé inanimé dans la rue.</p>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<p>...the sum of
<measure type="currency">12s 6d</measure>...</p>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<p>In a cadaver I have found it
<lb/>holding <measure unit="mL" commodity="blood"
  min="85.2">more than three ounces</measure>.
[...] Then
<lb/>we may suppose in man that a single heart beat
<lb/>would force out either
<measure unit="mL" commodity="blood"
  max="13.2" min="3.7">a half ounce, three drams,
 <lb/>or even one dram of blood</measure>, which because of the
<lb/>valvular block could not flow back that way into
<lb/>the heart.</p>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10^10</num>
 <unit type="rate" unit="cm/s">
  <unit type="space">cm</unit> per <unit type="time">second</unit>
 </unit>.</p>

<num>

<p>I reached <num type="cardinal" value="21">twenty-one</num> on
my <num type="ordinal" value="21">twenty-first</num> birthday</p>
<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10<hi rend="sup">10</hi>
 </num> cm per second.</p>

<num>

<p>Pierre eut <num type="cardinal" value="10">dix</num>ans le jour de mon<num type="ordinal" value="21">vingtième </num> anniversaire.</p>

<num>

<p>在<num type="ordinal" value="21">第二十一</num>歲的生日那天，我變成<num type="cardinal" value="21">二十一</num>歲了... 光以每秒<num value="10E10">10<hi rend="sup">10</hi>
 </num> 公分移動。</p>

<measure>

<head>Long papers.</head>
<p>Speakers will be given 30 minutes each: 20 minutes for
presentation, 10 minutes for discussion. Proposals should not
exceed <measure max="500" unit="count"
  commodity="words">500
   words</measure>. This presentation type is suitable for
substantial research, theoretical or critical discussions.</p>

<unit>

<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10^10</num>
 <unit type="rate" unit="cm/s">
  <unit type="space">cm</unit> per <unit type="time">second</unit>
 </unit>.</p>

3.6.4. Dates and Times

<p>Those five years —
<date from="1918" to="1923">1918 to 1923</date>
— had been, he suspected,
somehow very important.</p>

3.6.4. Dates and Times

<p>The Eddic poems are preserved in a unique
manuscript (Codex Regius 2365) from
<date notBefore="1250" notAfter="1300">the second half of the
   thirteenth century</date>, and <title>Hervarar
   saga</title> dates from <date when="1300">around 1300</date>.</p>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<p>...
The complete XPointer specification is managed by the W3C<note place="foot">
  <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-framework/"/>,
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-element/"/>,
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xmlns/"/>, and
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xpointer/"/>
 </note>;
for a discussion of TEI schemes for XPointer, see
<ptr target="#eSATS"/>.</p>
<!--... -->
<div xml:id="eSATS">
<!--... -->
</div>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<p>The current version of the TEI Guidelines source code
is available in the TEI GitHub Repository; <ref target="https://github.com/TEIC/TEI/blob/dev/P5/Source/guidelines-en.xml"
  mimeType="application/tei+xml">guidelines-en.xml</ref>
is the root document used to create the English version
of these Guidelines.</p>

<list>

<div>
 <p> Selon des critères qui n'appartiennent qu'à lui, Rémi Plassaert a classé ses buvards
   en huit tas respectivement surmontés par :</p>
 <list rend="bulleted">
  <item>un toréador chantant (dentifrice émail Diamant)</item>
  <item>un tapis d'Orient du XVIIe siècle, provenant d'une basilique de Transylvanie
     (Kalium-Sedaph, soluté de propionate de potassium)</item>
  <item>Le Renard et la Cicogne (sic), gravure de Jean-Baptiste Oudry (Papeteries
     Marquaize, Stencyl, Reprographie)</item>
 </list>
</div>

<list>

<div>
 <p> [...] et tout autour, la longue cohorte de ses personnages, avec leur histoire, leur
   passé, leurs légendes :</p>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Pélage vainqueur d'Alkhamah se faisant couronner à Covadonga </item>
  <item n="2">La cantatrice exilée de Russie suivant Schönberg à Amsterdam</item>
  <item n="3">Le petit chat sourd aux yeux vairons vivant au dernier étage</item>
  <item n="4">Le crétin chef d'îlot faisant préparer des tonneaux de sable</item>
 </list>
</div>

<list>

<p>我們二人謹定于2008年7月3日正午十二時，在台北舉行結婚典禮，寫下海誓山盟，終身遵守，在婚姻路上，共同經營，災難病情，互相扶持，永不分離。并就下列事項，立下承諾，即令滄海化為桑田，桑田再變為滄海，也要攜手共進，相親相愛，直到白頭。<list rend="simple">
  <item>我們宣誓：從結婚這一天開始，不但成為夫妻，互相敬愛，分擔對方的快樂和憂愁，也同時成為朋友，而且是諍友，互相勉勵，互相規勸，互相批評。</item>
  <item>我們領悟：愉快的共同生活，全靠心靈溝通，所以，我們一定善用言語，不僅表達愛心、關心，也使彼此藉語言加深了解，一起成長。絕不粗聲叱責，絕不用肢體代替言語，絕不允許發生婚姻暴力。 </item>
  <item>我們認知：家庭與事業是夫妻共同經營的果實，夫妻對家庭的貢獻等值，在家庭內或社會上，價值完全相同，社會工作薪俸無論多少，家務工作的薪俸都與其相同。</item>
  <item>我們同意：將來我們有子女，管教上如果有不同的意見，甚至尖銳對立的意見，一定要克制自己，去請教專家，絕不把孩子當成實現自己希望的工具，也絕不用孩子來炫耀自己。 </item>
  <item>我們認為：一夫一妻制，是社會安定的磐石，是孩子們成長最安全的溫床，我們喜愛并尊重這種制度，并用事實和行動，維護它的尊嚴。</item>
  <item>我們警惕：婚姻生活并不多彩多姿，它不但平凡，而且瑣碎，如果不滋養珍惜，容易使生命憔悴，心靈粗俗，所以生活之中，我們一定保持適度的假期，與孩子一起長大。</item>
  <item>我們謹記：我們孝敬自己的父母，也孝敬對方的父母，不僅是回報養育之恩，也是培養自己人格的完整，為我們的下一代立下榜樣。 </item>
  <item>我們了解：我們將來會老，所以，我們從結婚這一天，就培養專業之外的其它藝朮興趣，如書、畫、音樂，使我們生命永遠充實燦爛。 </item>
 </list>
</p>

<list>

<p>These decrees, most blessed Pope Hadrian, we propounded in the public council ... and they
confirmed them in our hand in your stead with the sign of the Holy Cross, and afterwards
inscribed with a careful pen on the paper of this page, affixing thus the sign of the Holy
Cross.
<list rend="simple">
  <item>I, Eanbald, by the grace of God archbishop of the holy church of York, have
     subscribed to the pious and catholic validity of this document with the sign of the Holy
     Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ælfwold, king of the people across the Humber, consenting have subscribed with
     the sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Tilberht, prelate of the church of Hexham, rejoicing have subscribed with the
     sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Higbald, bishop of the church of Lindisfarne, obeying have subscribed with the
     sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ethelbert, bishop of Candida Casa, suppliant, have subscribed with thef sign of
     the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ealdwulf, bishop of the church of Mayo, have subscribed with devout will.</item>
  <item>I, Æthelwine, bishop, have subscribed through delegates.</item>
  <item>I, Sicga, patrician, have subscribed with serene mind with the sign of the Holy
     Cross.</item>
 </list>
</p>

<label>

<p>[...]
<lb/>&amp; n’entrer en mauuais &amp; mal-heu-
<lb/>ré meſnage. Or des que le conſente-
<lb/>ment des parties y eſt le mariage eſt
<lb/> arreſté, quoy que de faict il ne ſoit
<label place="margin">Puiſſance maritale
   entre les Romains.</label>
 <lb/> conſommé. Depuis la conſomma-
<lb/>tion du mariage la femme eſt ſoubs
<lb/> la puiſſance du mary, s’il n’eſt eſcla-
<lb/>ue ou enfant de famille : car en ce
<lb/> cas, la femme, qui a eſpouſé vn en-
<lb/>fant de famille, eſt ſous la puiſſance
[...]</p>

<label>

<p>[...]
<lb/>&amp; n’entrer en mauuais &amp; mal-heu-
<lb/>ré meſnage. Or des que le conſente-
<lb/>ment des parties y eſt le mariage eſt
<lb/> arreſté, quoy que de faict il ne ſoit
<label place="margin">Puiſſance maritale
   entre les Romains.</label>
 <lb/> conſommé. Depuis la conſomma-
<lb/>tion du mariage la femme eſt ſoubs
<lb/> la puiſſance du mary, s’il n’eſt eſcla-
<lb/>ue ou enfant de famille : car en ce
<lb/> cas, la femme, qui a eſpouſé vn en-
<lb/>fant de famille, eſt ſous la puiſſance
[...]</p>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

<div type="subsection">
 <head place="margin">Secunda conclusio</head>
 <p>
  <lb n="1251"/>
  <hi rend="large">Potencia: habitus: et actus: recipiunt speciem ab obiectis<supplied>.</supplied>
  </hi>
  <lb n="1252"/>Probatur sic. Omne importans necessariam habitudinem ad proprium
   [...]
 </p>
</div>

<head>

<div type="chapitre">
 <head>Les Mille et une Nuits</head>
 <p>LES chroniques des Sassaniens, anciens rois de Perse, qui avaient étendu leur empire
   dans les Indes, [...]</p>
 <div type="histoire">
  <head>Histoire du Vizir puni</head>
  <p>IL était autrefois un roi, poursuivit-il, qui avait un<lb/> fils qui aimait
     passionnément la chasse. Il lui permettait<lb/> de prendre souvent ce divertissement ;
     [...] </p>
 </div>
</div>
<trailer>
 <hi rend="majuscule">fin du tome premier.</hi>
</trailer>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>三國演義</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>第一回 宴桃園豪杰三結義 斬黃巾英雄首立功</head>
  <p>滾滾長江東逝水，浪花淘盡英雄。是非成敗轉頭空。 青山依舊在，几度夕陽紅。 白發漁樵江渚上，慣看秋月春風。一壺濁酒喜相逢。古今多少事，都付笑談中。</p>
  <p>話說天下大勢，分久必合，合久必分。周末七國分爭，并入于秦。...</p>
  <trailer>三人救了董卓回寨。卓問三人現居何職。玄德曰：白身。...畢竟董卓性命如何，且听下文分解。</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.9.1.1. Encoding Grouped Notes

<p>... reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus
<noteGrp>
  <note type="short">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days.</note>
  <note type="full">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days (Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday)
     falling on each of the quarters of the year. In the first quarter they were called Cinerum
     (following Ash Wednesday), second Spiritus (following Pentecost), third Crucis
     (after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, September 14th), and Luciae
     in the fourth (after the feast of St. Lucia, December 13th).
  </note>
 </noteGrp>
totaliter expediui.
</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>The students understand procedures for Arabic lemmatisation
<index>
  <term>Lemmatization, Arabic</term>
 </index>and are beginning to build parsers.</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>We now turn to the
topic of Arabic lemmatisation
<index spanTo="#ALAMEND">
  <term>Lemmatization, Arabic</term>
 </index> concerning which it is important to note [...]

<!-- much learned material omitted here -->
and now we can build our parser.<anchor xml:id="ALAMEND"/>
</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>The @ operator
<index>
  <term sortKey="0000">@</term>
 </index> precedes an
attribute name</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<char xml:id="PrinceGlyph">
<!-- definition of the glyph here -->
</char>
<p>The Artist formerly known as Prince <index>
  <term sortKey="Prince">
   <g ref="#PrinceGlyph"/>
  </term>
 </index>...</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>Sir John Ashford
<index indexName="INDEX-PERSONS">
  <term>Ashford, John</term>
 </index> was,
coincidentally, born in
<index indexName="INDEX-PLACES">
  <term>Ashford
     (Kent)</term>
 </index>Ashford...</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>The students understand procedures for Arabic lemmatisation
<index>
  <term>lemmatization</term>
  <index>
   <term>arabic</term>
  </index>
 </index>
...</p>

<note>

<p>J'écris dans la<lb/> marge...<lb/> Je vais<lb/> à la ligne.<lb/> Je renvoie à une
note<note type="gloss" place="foot"> J'aime beaucoup les renvois en bas de page, même si
   je n'ai rien de particulier à y préciser.</note>en bas de page.</p>

<noteGrp>

<p>(...) tamen reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
necnon episcopum in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus
<noteGrp>
  <note xml:lang="en">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days (Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday)
     falling on each of the quarters of the year. In the first quarter they were called Cinerum
     (following Ash Wednesday), second Spiritus (following Pentecost), third Crucis
     (after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, September 14th), and Luciae
     in the fourth (after the feast of St. Lucia, December 13th).
  </note>
  <note xml:lang="pl">Quatuor Tempora, tzw. Suche dni postne (środa, piątek i sobota)
     przypadające cztery razy w roku. W pierwszym kwartale zwały się Cinerum
     (po Popielcu), w drugim Spiritus (po Zielonych Świętach), w trzecim Crucis
     (po święcie Podwyższenia Krzyża 14 września), w czwartym Luciae
     (po dniu św. Łucji 13 grudnia).
  </note>
 </noteGrp>
totaliter expediui.
</p>

3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components

<p>These were the four lines I moved in
through my first, second, third, and
fourth volumes. — In the fifth volume
I have been very good, — the precise
line I have described in it being this:
<graphic url="zigzag2.png"
  mimeType="image/png"/>
By which it appears, that except at the
curve, marked A. where I took a trip
to Navarre, — and the indented curve B.
which is the short airing when I was
there with the Lady Baussiere and her
page, — I have not taken the least frisk
...</p>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure Une : Jan van Eyck, La Vierge du chancelier Rolin</head>
 <p>Si, attiré par la curiosité, on a l'imprudence de l'approcher d'un peu trop prés, c'est fini, on est pris pour tout le temps que peut durer l'effort d'une attention soutenue ; on s'extasie devant la finesse du détail ... il va toujours plus loin, franchit une à une les croupes des collines verdoyantes ; se repose un moment sur une ligne lointaine de montagnes neigeuses; pour se perdre ensuite dans l'infini d'un ciel à peine bleu, où s'estompent de flottantes nuées. </p>
</figure>

3.11.2.1. Referencing system derived from markup

<text xml:id="Text-1" n="AB">
 <front xml:id="Front" n="AB.1">
  <div xml:id="Front.div-1" n="AB.1.1">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
  <titlePage xml:id="Front.titlePage"
   n="AB.1.2">
   <titlePart> ... </titlePart>
  </titlePage>
  <div xml:id="Front.div-2" n="AB.1.3">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <body xml:id="Body" n="AB.2">
  <p xml:id="Body.p-1" n="AB.2.1"> ... </p>
  <p xml:id="Body.p-2" n="AB.2.2"> ... </p>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-1" n="AB.2.3">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-1.head"
    n="AB.2.3.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-1" n="AB.2.3.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-2" n="AB.2.3.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-2" n="AB.2.4">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-2.head"
    n="AB.2.4.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-1" n="AB.2.4.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-2" n="AB.2.4.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <milestone unit="part" n="1"/>
  <div1 n="1" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="3" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="part" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="1" type="part">
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="1"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="3"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="part">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="4"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

<pb>

<p> ... <pb n="145" ed="ed2"/>
<!-- Page 145 in edition "ed2" starts here --> ... <pb n="283" ed="ed1"/>
<!-- Page 283 in edition "ed1" starts here--> ... </p>

<pb>

<p> ... <pb n="145" ed="ed2"/>
<!-- Seite 145 in Ausgabe "ed2" beginnt hier --> ... <pb n="283" ed="ed1"/>
<!-- Seite 283 in Ausgabe "ed1" beginnt hier --> ... </p>

<pb>

<body>
 <pb n="1" facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- page1.png contains an image of the page; the text it contains is encoded here -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
 <pb n="2" facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- similarly, for page 2 -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
</body>

<pb>

<body>
 <pb n="1" facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- page1.png enthält eine Abbildung der Seite; der enthaltene Text ist hier kodiert -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
 <pb n="2" facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- dasselbe gilt für Seite 2 -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
</body>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<refsDecl>
 <p>Standard references to work, book, poem, and line may be
   constructed from the milestone tags in the text.</p>
</refsDecl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<p>A book which had a great influence on him
was <bibl>Tufte's <title>Envisioning
     Information</title>
 </bibl>, although he may
never have actually read it.</p>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<p>A book which had a great influence on him
was Tufte's <title>Envisioning Information</title>,
although he may never have actually read it.</p>

<title>

<p>quand il rentre de ses chantiers de maçonnerie il dit rien, il pose son cul sur une
chaise, toujours au même endroit, et il lit <title>l'Humanité.</title>
</p>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Ninth International Conference on Middle High German Textual Criticism, Aachen,
   June 1998.</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>List of Participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Colloque international : Duras, marges et transgressions, Nancy, 1er et 2 avril
   2005</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>liste des participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>2007第三屆亞太藝術教育國際研討會</meeting>
 <list type="參與者">
  <head>與會者名單</head>
  <item>
   <persName>馬桂順 </persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>仲瀨律久</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div2 n="I.2" type="scene">
 <head>Scene 2.</head>
 <stage type="setting">Peachum, Filch.</stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Sir, Black Moll hath sent word her Trial comes on in
     the Afternoon, and she hopes you will order Matters
     so as to bring her off.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>PEACHUM.</speaker>
  <p>Why, she may plead her Belly at worst; to my
     Knowledge she hath taken care of that Security.
     But, as the Wench is very active and industrious,
     you may satisfy her that I'll soften the Evidence.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Tom Gagg, sir, is found guilty.</p>
 </sp>
</div2>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<sp>
 <speaker>The reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mr Gryll</speaker>
 <p>Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>The Reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him.
   In the first place ...</p>
 <p>Fish, Miss Gryll — I could discourse to you on fish by the
   hour: but for the present I will forbear ...</p>
</sp>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<sp>
 <speaker>Lord Curryfin</speaker>
 <stage>(after a pause).</stage>
 <p>
  <q>Mass</q> as the second grave-digger says
   in <title>Hamlet</title>, <q>I cannot tell.</q>
 </p>
</sp>
<p>A chorus of laughter dissolved the sitting.</p>

<sp>

<sp>
 <speaker>The reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mr Gryll</speaker>
 <p>Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>The Reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him. In the first place [...]</p>
 <p>Fish, Miss Gryll — I could discourse to you on fish by the hour: but for the present I
   will forbear [...]</p>
</sp>

<sp>

<sp>
 <speaker> Valère.</speaker>
 <p>Hé bien ! Sabine, quel conseil me donneras-tu ?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker> Sabine.</speaker>
 <p>Vraiment, il y a bien des nouvelles. Mon oncle veut résolûment que ma cousine épouse
   Villebrequin, et les affaires sont tellement avancées, que je crois qu'ils eussent été
   mariés dès aujourd'hui, si vous n'étiez aimé ... Le bonhomme ne manquera pas
   de faire loger ma cousine à ce pavillon qui est au bout de notre jardin, et par ce moyen
   vous pourriez l'entretenir à l'insu de notre vieillard, l'épouser, et le laisser pester
   tout son soûl avec Villebrequin.</p>
</sp>

<sp>

<sp>
 <speaker>祝英台</speaker>
 <p>我就是英台。三年前我想出外求學，故而改扮男裝，不期与梁兄相遇，三載同窗多蒙照顧，英台感激不盡。</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>梁山伯</speaker>
 <p>賢弟，哦，念書的時候，咱們是兄弟相稱，如今你這樣的打扮，我該稱你賢弟呢，還是…… </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>祝英台</speaker>
 <p>讀書時節我是女扮男裝，理該兄弟相稱，如今不妨改稱兄妹。</p>
</sp>

<speaker>

<sp who="#ni #rsa">
 <speaker>Nancy and Robert</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">(speaking simultaneously)</stage>
 <p>The future? ...</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="ni"/>
 <item xml:id="rsa"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p>Ne risquez rien du tout, Monique ; rentrez.</p>
</sp>
<sp who="mo">
 <speaker>Monique.</speaker>
 <p>Rentrer ? comment voulez-vous que je rentre ? J'ai les clés de la voiture.</p>
</sp>
<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p> Je rentrerai par mes propres moyens. </p>
</sp>
<sp who="mo">
 <speaker>Monique.</speaker>
 <p> Vous ? vos moyens ? quels moyens ? Seigneur ! Vous ne savez même pas conduire, vous ne
   savez pas reconnaître votre gauche de votre droite, vous auriez été incapable de
   retrouver ce fichu quartier tout seul, vous ne savez absolument rien faire tout seul. Je
   me demande bien comment vous pourriez rentrer. </p>
</sp>
<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p>J'appellerai un taxi.</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="fr_mo"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_ko"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="#zh-tw_ni #zh-tw_rsa">
 <speaker>梁山伯與祝英台t</speaker>
 <stage type="演講或歌唱">（同時)</stage>
 <p>梁山伯與祝英台，生不成雙死不分，生不成雙死不分。</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_ni"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_rsa"/>
</list>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>Le document TEI le plus court possible.</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>D'abord publié comme faisant partie de la TEI P2.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>Aucune source : il s'agit d'un document original.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>A peu pres, le document TEI le plus court envisageable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>TEI中文指引</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>將與TEI 中文在地化計劃等文件一同出版</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>譯自TEI P5 英文指引</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>這是TEI P5的中文指引...</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Hush, the players begin...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>In Athens our tale takes place [...]</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>Now that the play is finished ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Chut ! Les acteurs commencent...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>Notre histoire se passe à Athènes [...]</l>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
     </sp>
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>La pièce est maintenant finie ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>快點，演員開始了...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>故事開始於雅典...</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... 這裡是其他動作 -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>戲劇結束...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="part">
  <head>Fallacies of Authority</head>
  <p>The subject of which is Authority in various shapes, and the object, to repress all
     exercise of the reasoning faculty.</p>
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
   <head>The Nature of Authority</head>
   <p>With reference to any proposed measures having for their object the greatest
       happiness of the greatest number [...]</p>
   <div n="1.1" type="section">
    <head>Analysis of Authority</head>
    <p>What on any given occasion is the legitimate weight or influence to be attached to
         authority [...] </p>
   </div>
   <div n="1.2" type="section">
    <head>Appeal to Authority, in What Cases Fallacious.</head>
    <p>Reference to authority is open to the charge of fallacy when [...] </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="oeuvre">
  <head>Les Chouans </head>
  <div n="1" type="partie">
   <head> Première partie</head>
   <head> L'embuscade</head>
   <div n="1" type="chapitre">
    <head>Chapitre premier </head>
    <div n="1">
     <head>I</head>
     <p>Dans les premiers jours de l'an VIII, au commencement de vendémiaire, ou, pour
           se conformer au calendrier actuel, vers la fin du mois de septembre 1799, une
           centaine de paysans et un assez grand nombre de bourgeois, partis le matin de
           Fougères pour se rendre à Mayenne, gravissaient la montagne de la Pèlerine,
           située à mi-chemin environ de Fougères à Ernée, petite ville où les voyageurs
           ont coutume de se reposer. </p>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="part">
  <head>對話的喧囂：巴赫汀文化理論述評</head>
  <p>本書以中國人的觀點，介紹巴赫汀的一生志業。深入淺出、引證周詳。尤其面對海峽兩岸劇變中的政治、文化思潮，巴赫汀從對話到喧嘩的理論，更具有深刻的歷史意義，發人省思。</p>
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
   <head>引言：巴赫汀對話論—轉型期的文化理論</head>
   <p>文化轉型期的文藝理論，一般都呈現著特別關注文藝之外的歷史社會環境的傾向。不過，這種關注在二十世紀之前的文論中，大致上均以一種文藝內在規律語歷史社會語境二元對立的面貌出現。...</p>
   <div n="1.1" type="section">
    <head>眾聲喧嘩：轉型期的文化理論</head>
    <p>當代西方文論對巴赫汀思想的看法迥異，見仁見智。有強調其「對話性」的，有看重他的「複調小說」理論的，也有語言學、符號學、哲學和美學的不同角度來解釋巴赫汀的。...
    </p>
   </div>
   <div n="1.2" type="section">
    <head>哲學建構論語對話美學</head>
    <p>眾聲喧嘩的文化理論形成於二○年代末和三○年代，是巴赫汀思想成熟階段的結晶。... </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div1>

<div1 xml:id="levi" n="I" type="part">
 <head>Part I: Of Man </head>
 <div2 xml:id="levi1" n="1" type="chapter">
  <head>Chap. I. Of Sense </head>
  <p>Concerning the Thoughts of man... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 xml:id="levii" n="II" type="part">
 <head>Part II: Of Common-Wealth</head>
</div1>

<div1>

<div1 n="1" type="livre">
 <head>livre premier</head>
 <div2 n="I" type="chapitre">
  <head>La Grand'salle</head>
  <p>Il y a aujourd'hui trois cent quarante-huit ans six mois et dix-neuf jours que les
     parisiens s'éveillèrent au bruit de toutes les cloches sonnant à grande volée dans la
     triple enceinte de la Cité, de l'Université et de la Ville. </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 n="2" type="livre">
 <head>livre deuxième</head>
 <div2 n="I" type="chapitre">
  <head>De Charybde en Scylla </head>
  <p>La nuit arrive de bonne heure en janvier. Les rues étaient déjà sombres quand
     Gringoire sortit du Palais.</p>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div1>

<div1 xml:id="zh-tw_levi" n="I" type="part">
 <head>第一部：陰錯陽差</head>
 <div2 xml:id="zh-tw_levi1" n="1"
  type="chapter">
  <head>第一章</head>
  <p>乾隆年間，北京。紫薇帶著丫頭金瑣，來到北京已經快一個月了。.. </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 xml:id="zh-tw_levii" n="II"
 type="part">
 <head>第二部: 水深火熱</head>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="2" type="part">
 <head>The Second Partition:
   The Cure of Melancholy</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>Unlawful Cures rejected.</head>
    <p>Inveterate melancholy, howsoever it may seem to
         be a continuate, inexorable disease, hard to be
         cured, accompanying them to their graves most part
         (as <ref target="#a">Montanus</ref> observes), yet many
         times it may be helped...
    </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. III. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="II" type="chapitre">
 <head>Chapitre II. Traitement électronique des données en histoire de la littérature
   française : bilan provisoire</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="subsection">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="article">
    <head>Les objectifs</head>
    <p>Chaque étudiant est convié à parcourir la banque à partir des différentes entrées
         liées au cours magistral qu'il suit en amphithéâtre...</p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. II. Subsection I. Exploitation pédagogique de la BDHL</head>
   <p>Pour la plupart des étudiants en Lettres des générations précédentes, un
       enseignement de l'histoire de la littérature allait de soi... </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. III. Subsection I. Etudes permises par la BDHL</head>
   <p>L'existence d'une banque de données, quelle qu'elle soit, permet d'envisager des
       traitements statistiques. </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="3" type="part">
 <head>第三章：對話性—文化理論的基石</head>
 <div2 n="3.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="3.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>歷史、社會與佛洛伊德主義</head>
    <p>《述評》開宗明義，運用歷史唯物主義的觀點，批判佛洛伊德主義的反歷史和反社會傾向。巴赫汀指出... </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
   <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
   <p>在二○年代的蘇聯文藝界，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.3.1" type="member">
   <head>建立馬克思主義和社會學詩學</head>
   <p>《社會學詩學》是巴赫汀對話美學的一個目標，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div3>

<div2 n="2.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
  <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.2" type="member">
  <head>Memb. II Retention and Evacuation rectified.</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="member">
  <head>Memb. III Ayr rectified. With a digression of the Ayr.</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div3>

<div2 n="2.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. I Dictionnaires. </head>
  <p> C'est un recueil de mots rangés dans un ordre convenu...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.2" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. II. Qu'est-ce qu'un dictionnaire de langue ? .</head>
  <p>Un dictionnaire de langue est un dictionnaire donnant les mots d'une langue et leurs
     emplois...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. III. Qu'est-ce qu'un dictionnaire encyclopédique ? </head>
  <p>Un dictionnaire encyclopédique est un dictionnaire qui contient des renseignements
     sur les choses, sur les idées </p>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div3>

<div2 n="3.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
  <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
  <p>在二○年代的蘇聯文藝界，...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="3.2.2" type="member">
  <head>交流：藝術話語與生活話語的共性</head>
  <p>林林總總的文理理論圍繞著作者、作品和讀者的關係問題，...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="member">
  <head>言談和音調</head>
  <p>在這裡，巴赫汀為言談做了一個大膽的定義：...</p>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div4>

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
 <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect I. — Dyet rectified in substance.</head>
  <p>Diet, <term xml:lang="grc">diaitotiku</term>, <term xml:lang="la">victus</term> or
     living </p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect II. — Dyet rectified in quantity.</head>
  <p>Man alone, saith Cardan, eates and drinks without appetite, and useth all his pleasures
     without necessity </p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div4>

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
 <head>Sect. II. Subsect. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="alinéa">
  <head>Alinéa I. <term>Horlogerie</term>Lame de ressort.</head>
  <p> Bande d'acier enroulée formant le ressort d'une montre, d'une pendule. (Dict. XIXe
     et XXe s.).</p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.2" type="alinéa">
  <head>Alinéa II. — <term>Menuiserie</term>Lame de parquet</head>
  <p>Lame de parquet. Chacune des bandes de bois qui, emboîtées, constituent le
     parquet</p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div4>

<div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
 <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
 <div4 n="3.2.1.1" type="subsection">
  <head>薩庫林的《文學研究的社會學方法》</head>
  <p>薩庫林把藝術史和文學史的發展分成兩個部份：內在與因果部份。...</p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="3.2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>美的本質</head>
  <p>五○至六○年代在中國大陸進行的美學大辯論，一個核心的問題就是美的本質問題。...</p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div5>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Apple soup</head>
   <div5>
    <head>Ingredients</head>
    <list>
     <item>2 lbs. of good boiling apples,</item>
     <item>3/4 teaspoonful of white pepper,</item>
     <item>6 cloves,</item>
     <item>cayenne or ginger to taste,</item>
     <item>3 quarts of medium stock</item>
    </list>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Mode</head>
    <p>Peel and quarter the apples taking out their cores; put them into
         the stock, stew them gently till tender, Rub the whole through a
         strainer, add the seasoning. give it one boil up, and serve.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Time</head>
    <p>1 hour.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Average cost</head>
    <p>per quart, 1s.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Seasonable</head>
    <p>from September to December.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Sufficient</head>
    <p> for 10 persons</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>The apple</head>
    <p>This useful fruit is mentioned in Holy Writ; and Homer describes it
         as valuable in his time... As a food, the apple cannot be considered
         to rank high, as more than the half of it consists of water, and
         the rest of its properties are not the most nourishing. It is
         however a useful adjunct to other kinds of food, and, when cooked, is
         esteemed as slightly laxative.</p>
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Artichoke (Jerusalem) soup</head>
   <p>...</p>
  </div4>
<!-- other recipes here -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div6>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
    <div6>
     <head>Ingredients</head>
     <list>
      <item>4 lbs of shin of beef,</item>
      <item>4 lbs of knuckle of veal,</item>
<!-- ... -->
      <item>4 quarts of water</item>
     </list>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Mode</head>
     <p>Line a delicately clean stewpan... Strain through a very
           fine hair sieve, or tammy, and it will be fit for use</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Time</head>
     <p>5 hours.</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Average cost</head>
     <p>1s 3d. per quart</p>
    </div6>
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
<!-- ... -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div7>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

<divGen>

<front>
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<divGen>

<front>
<!--<titlePage>書名頁</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>序</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<divGen>

<front>
<!--<titlePage>...</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Preface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<div1 type="book" n="I" xml:id="JA0100">
 <head>Book I.</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0101">
  <head>Of writing lives in general, and particularly of Pamela, with a word
     by the bye of Colley Cibber and others.</head>
  <p>It is a trite but true observation, that examples work more forcibly on
     the mind than precepts: ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 1 here -->
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0102">
  <head>Of Mr. Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great
     endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors.</head>
  <p>Mr. Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to
     be the only son of Gaffar and Gammar Andrews, and brother to the
     illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 2 here -->
 </div2>
<!-- remaining chapters of Book 1 here -->
 <trailer>The end of the first Book</trailer>
</div1>
<div1 type="book" n="II" xml:id="JA0200">
 <head>Book II</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0201">
  <head>Of divisions in authors</head>
  <p>There are certain mysteries or secrets in all trades, from the highest
     to the lowest, from that of <term>prime-ministering</term>, to this of
  <term>authoring</term>, which are seldom discovered unless to members of
     the same calling ... </p>
  <p>I will dismiss this chapter with the following observation: that it
     becomes an author generally to divide a book, as it does a butcher to
     joint his meat, for such assistance is of great help to both the reader
     and the carver. And now having indulged myself a little I will endeavour
     to indulge the curiosity of my reader, who is no doubt impatient to know
     what he will find in the subsequent chapters of this book.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0202">
  <head>A surprising instance of Mr. Adams's short memory, with the
     unfortunate consequences which it brought on Joseph.
  </head>
  <p>Mr. Adams and Joseph were now ready to depart different ways ... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body>
 <div type="entry" n="1">
  <div type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
  <div type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div type="entry" n="2">
  <div type="morning" n="2.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
  <div type="afternoon" n="2.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
 </div>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body>
 <div1 type="entry" n="1">
  <div2 type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="entry" n="2">
  <div2 type="morning" n="2.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="afternoon" n="2.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
 </div1>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body
   xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:diaryEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
  <my:diaryEntry type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:diaryEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
  <my:diaryEntry type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body
   xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:amEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:amEntry>
  <my:pmEntry type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:pmEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:amEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:amEntry>
  <my:pmEntry type="afternoon" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:pmEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
<!-- ... -->
</body>

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

<div n="xx" sample="initial" part="Y"
 type="chapter">
 <p> ... </p>
</div>

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

<div n="xx" part="M" type="chapter">
 <p> ... </p>
 <gap extent="2" reason="sampling"/>
 <p> ... </p>
</div>

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

<div1 type="storylist" org="composite">
 <head>News in brief</head>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Police deny <soCalled>losing</soCalled> bomb</head>
  <p>Scotland Yard yesterday denied claims in the Sunday
     Express that anti-terrorist officers trailing an IRA van
     loaded with explosives in north London had lost track of
     it 10 days ago.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Hotel blaze</head>
  <p>Nearly 200 guests were evacuated before dawn
     yesterday after fire broke out at the Scandic
     Crown hotel in the Royal Mile, Edinburgh.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Test match split</head>
  <p>Test Match Special next summer will be split
     between Radio 5 and Radio 3, after protests this
     year that it disrupted Radio 3's music schedule.</p>
 </div2>
</div1>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div1 n="Etym">
 <head>Etymology</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a late consumptive usher to a
   grammar school)</head>
 <p>The pale Usher — threadbare in coat, heart,
   body and brain; I see him now. He was ever
   dusting his old lexicons and grammars, ...</p>
</div1>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div type="story">
 <head rend="underlined" type="sub">President pledges safeguards for 2,400 British
   troops in Bosnia</head>
 <head rend="scream" type="main">Major agrees to enforced no-fly zone</head>
 <byline>By George Jones, Political Editor, in Washington</byline>
 <p>Greater Western intervention in the conflict in
   former Yugoslavia was pledged by President Bush ...</p>
</div>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div type="book" n="I">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the
   first book of the ecclesiastical history of Georgius Florentinus,
   known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div>
  <head>Chapter Headings</head>
  <list>
   <item>
<!-- chapter head -->
   </item>
<!-- further chapter heads omitted -->
  </list>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four
     hundred and twelve years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five
     hundred and ninety-six years from the beginning of the world down
     to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="preface">
 <head>To Henry Hope.</head>
 <p>It is not because this volume was conceived and partly
   executed amid the glades and galleries of the Deepdene,
   that I have inscribed it with your name. ... I shall find a
   reflex to their efforts in your own generous spirit and
   enlightened mind.
 </p>
 <closer>
  <signed xml:lang="el">D.</signed>
  <dateline>Grosvenor Gate, May-Day, 1844</dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="letter" n="14">
 <head>Letter XIV: Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe</head>
 <opener>
  <dateline>Thursday evening, March 2.</dateline>
 </opener>
 <p>On Hannah's depositing my long letter ...</p>
 <p>An interruption obliges me to conclude myself
   in some hurry, as well as fright, what I must ever be,</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Yours more than my own,</salute>
  <signed>Clarissa Harlowe</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="chap" n="6">
 <argument>
  <p>Kingston — Instructive remarks on early English history
     — Instructive observations on carved oak and life in general
     — Sad case of Stivvings, junior — Musings on antiquity
     — I forget that I am steering — Interesting result
     — Hampton Court Maze — Harris as a guide.</p>
 </argument>
 <p>It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you
   care to take it ...</p>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="chap" n="6">
 <argument>
  <list type="inline">
   <item>Kingston</item>
   <item>Instructive remarks on early English history</item>
   <item>Instructive observations on carved oak and life in
       general</item>
   <item>Sad case of Stivvings, junior</item>
   <item>Musings on antiquity</item>
   <item>I forget that I am steering</item>
   <item>Interesting result</item>
   <item>Hampton Court Maze</item>
   <item>Harris as a guide.</item>
  </list>
 </argument>
 <p>It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you
   care to take it ...</p>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div n="19" type="chap">
 <head>Chapter 19</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I pity the man who can travel
       from Dan to Beersheba, and say <q>'Tis all
         barren;</q> and so is all the world to him
       who will not cultivate the fruits it offers.
   </quote>
   <bibl>Sterne: Sentimental Journey.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>To say that Deronda was romantic would be to
   misrepresent him: but under his calm and somewhat
   self-repressed exterior ...</p>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<dateline>

<front>
 <dateline>Datum in Mexico <date when="1531">primo die Augusti 1531</date>
 </dateline>
 <p> Al muy Magnifico y muy Reverendo Señor el Señor <rs type="person" ref="#IoannesDantiscus">obispo diócesis Colmensis</rs>
 </p>
</front>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Et, sur cet océan bourdonnant de mille vaguelettes, se leva l'armée caressante et si
   tendre des merveilleuses sirènes blondes aux seins durs comme ça. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Thionne-Paris</name>, <date>1950-1951.</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<argument>

<argument>
 <p>Monte Video — Maldonado — Excursion
   to R Polanco — Lazo and Bolas — Partridges —
   Absence of Trees — Deer — Capybara, or River Hog —
   Tucutuco — Molothrus, cuckoo-like habits — Tyrant
   Flycatcher — Mocking-bird — Carrion Hawks —
   Tubes formed by Lightning — House struck</p>
</argument>

<argument>

<argument>
 <p>28 janvier. J’ai le plus grand mal à me réatteler aux Faux-Monnayeurs — La Bastide. Fin mars. Besoin de couper mon travail. — Cuverville . Fin mai. Mise au net et dactylographie de cinq chapitres des Faux-Monnayeurs. — 8 juin. Achevé les Faux- Monnayeurs. — 14 juillet. Départ pour le Congo. </p>
</argument>

<argument>

<argument>
 <p>自我與他者的關係— 個體感性存在—共有性—交流性—同時性— 責任感/回應性—亦此亦彼—你中有我、我中有你—同時共存——非非此即彼—非你死我活—視域剩餘—外在性—超在性</p>
</argument>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place"> à Paris </name>, <date>le 2 septembre 1769</date>
 </dateline>
</opener>
<p>Mais non, ma bonne amie, vous n' aviez pas raison de vous plaindre... </p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">杭州西湖</name>
  <date>2008年4月1日</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>親愛的小張：</salute>
</opener>
<p>很抱歉，我今天有事無法赴約，希望您能諒解...</p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">Great Marlborough Street</name>
  <date>November 11, 1848</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>My dear Sir,</salute>
</opener>
<p>I am sorry to say that absence from town and other circumstances have prevented me from
earlier enquiring...</p>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> perhaps you will favour me with a sight of it when convenient.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I remain, &amp;c. &amp;c.</salute>
  <signed>H. Colburn</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> N'y voyez que le signe de l'intérêt que je que je porte à une profession qui fut la
   mienne. Je désire en effet, insérer votre article dans un ouvrage sur la presse
   française contemporaine. </p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Veuillez agréer, je vous prie, Monsieur, l'assurance de mes sentiments les
     meilleurs. </salute>
  <signed> Françoise Giroud</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Voilà, cher Rhedi, ce que j' appelle le droit public. Voilà le droit des gens, ou
   plutôt celui de la raison. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">à Paris </name>, <date>le 4 de la lune de Zilhagé, 1716. </date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> 不久，我們就能再見面。</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>祝事事順心</salute>
  <signed>謝甯</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1942">Printemps 1942 </date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Cher ami, </salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Le printemps vient maintenant. J'espère que là où tu es le climat à cette saison n'est
   pas encore pénible. C'est le moment des travaux des champs ; peut-être arrivera-t-on à
   quelque chose pour toi. S'il n'y a pas moyen de te faire venir en France, faut-il faire
   des démarches pour essayer de te faire quitter l'Europe ? Écris-le-moi. </p>
 <p>[...] </p>
 <closer>
  <salute> Crois à mon amitié fraternelle. </salute>
  <signed>Simone Weil </signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>Voici la traduction de quelques vers grecs d'Eschyle. Ils sont prononcés par
     Prométhée, le dieu qui, d'après les croyances des Grecs, avait sauvé les hommes de la
     destruction, avait volé le feu pour le leur donner et leur avait appris le langage, le
     nombre, l'astronomie, les métiers et les arts. Il en fut puni et fut cloué sur un
     rocher. La tragédie d'Eschyle commence par la scène où on le cloue ; il se tait
     pendant ce temps, puis, quand ses bourreaux sont partis, il dit : [...]</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1911-03-26">辛亥三月二十六</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>意映卿卿如晤：</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>吾今以此書與汝永別矣！吾作此書，淚珠和筆墨齊下，不能竟書，而欲擱筆！又恐汝不察吾衷，謂吾忍舍汝而死，謂吾不知汝之不欲吾死也，故遂忍悲為汝言之。...</p>
 <closer>
  <signed>夜四鼓<name>意洞</name>手書</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<div n="2" type="chap">
 <head>Extracts</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a sub-sub-Librarian)</head>
 <p>It will be seen that this mere painstaking burrower and
   grubworm of a poor devil of a Sub-Sub appears to have gone
   through the long Vaticans and street-stalls of the earth,
   picking up whatever random allusions to whales he could
   anyways find ...
   Here ye strike but splintered hearts together — there,
   ye shall strike unsplinterable glasses!</p>
 <p>
  <cit>
   <quote>And God created great whales.</quote>
   <bibl>Genesis</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Leviathan maketh a path to shine after him;</l>
    <l>One would think the deep to be hoary.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>Job</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>By art is created that great Leviathan,
       called a Commonwealth or State — (in Latin,
   <mentioned xml:lang="la">civitas</mentioned>), which
       is but an artificial man.</quote>
   <bibl>Opening sentence of Hobbes's Leviathan</bibl>
  </cit>
 </p>
</div>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>Galecia one Evening setting alone in her Chamber by a clear Fire,
and a clean Hearth [...] reflected on the Providence of our
All-wise and Gracious Creator [...] </p>
<p>She was thus ruminating, when a Gentleman enter'd the Room, the
Door being a jar [...] calling for a Candle, she beg'd a thousand
Pardons, engaged him to sit down, and let her know, what had so long
conceal'd him from her Correspondence.
</p>
<pb n="5"/>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Story of <hi>Captain Manly</hi>
  </head>
  <p>Dear Galecia, said he, though you partly know the loose, or rather
     lewd Life that I led in my Youth; yet I can't forbear relating part of
     it to you by way of Abhorrence...

<!-- Captain Manly's story here -->
     I had lost and spent all I had in the World; in which I verified the
     Old Proverb, That a Rolling Stone never gathers Moss,
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="37"/>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>The Gentleman having finish'd his Story, Galecia waited on him to
the Stairs-head; and at her return, casting her Eyes on the Table, she
saw lying there an old dirty rumpled Book, and found in it the
following story: </p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <p> IN the time of the Holy War when
     Christians from all parts went into the Holy Land to oppose the Turks;
     Amongst these there was a certain English Knight...</p>
<!-- rest of story here -->
  <p>The King graciously pardoned the Knight; Richard was kindly receiv'd
     into his Convent, and all things went on in good order: But from hence
     came the Proverb, We must not strike <hi>Robert</hi> for
  <hi>Richard.</hi>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="43"/>
<p>By this time Galecia's Maid brought up her Supper; after which she
cast her Eyes again on the foresaid little Book, where she found the
following Story, which she read through before she went to bed.
</p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Cause of the Moors Overrunning
  <hi>Spain</hi>
  </head>
  <p>King ———— of Spain at his Death, committed the Government of his
     Kingdom to his Brother Don ——— till his little Son should come of
     Age ...</p>
  <p>Thus the little Story ended, without telling what Misery
     befel the King and Kingdom, by the Moors, who over ran the Country for
     many Years after. To which, we may well apply the Proverb,
  <quote>
    <l>Who drives the Devil's Stages,</l>
    <l>Deserves the Devil's Wages</l>
   </quote>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<p>The reading this Trifle of a Story detained Galecia from her Rest
beyond her usual Hour; for she slept so sound the next Morning, that
she did not rise, till a Lady's Footman came to tell her, that his
Lady and another or two were coming to breakfast with her...
</p>

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="dedication">
 <p>To my parents, Ida and Max Fish</p>
</div>
<div type="preface">
 <head>Preface</head>
 <p>The answer this book gives to its title question is <q>there is
     and there isn't</q>.</p>
 <p>Chapters 1–12 have been previously published in the
   following journals and collections:
 <list>
   <item>chapters 1 and 3 in <title>New literary History</title>
   </item>
   <item>chapter 10 in <title>Boundary II</title> (1980)</item>
  </list>.
   I am grateful for permission to reprint.</p>
 <signed>S.F.</signed>
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<front>
 <div1 type="incipit">
  <p>Here bygynniþ a book of contemplacyon, þe whiche
     is clepyd <title>þE CLOWDE OF VNKNOWYNG</title>,
     in þe whiche a soule is onyd wiþ GOD.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="prayer">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe preyer on þe prologe.</head>
  <p>God, unto whom alle hertes ben open, &amp; unto whome alle wille
     spekiþ, &amp; unto whom no priue þing is hid: I beseche
     þee so for to clense þe entent of myn hert wiþ þe
     unspekable 3ift of þi grace, þat I may parfiteliche
     loue þee &amp; worþilich preise þee. Amen.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="preface">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe prolog.</head>
  <p>In þe name of þe Fader &amp; of þe Sone &amp;
     of þe Holy Goost.</p>
  <p>I charge þee &amp; I beseeche þee, wiþ as moche
     power &amp; vertewe as þe bonde of charite is sufficient
     to suffre, what-so-euer þou be þat þis book schalt
     haue in possession ...</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="contents">
  <head>Here biginneþ a table of þe chapitres.</head>
  <list>
   <label>þe first chapitre </label>
   <item>Of foure degrees of Cristen mens leuing; &amp; of þe
       cours of his cleping þat þis book was maad vnto.</item>
   <label>þe secound chapitre</label>
   <item>A schort stering to meeknes &amp; to þe werk of þis
       book</item>
   <label>þe fiue and seuenti chapitre</label>
   <item>Of somme certein tokenes bi þe whiche a man may proue
       wheþer he be clepid of God to worche in þis werk.</item>
  </list>
  <trailer>&amp; here eendeþ þe table of þe chapitres.</trailer>
 </div1>
</front>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla
     pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: <q xml:lang="grc">Σίβυλλα τί
       θέλεις</q>; respondebat illa: <q xml:lang="grc">ὰποθανεῖν θέλω.</q>
  </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>For Ezra Pound <q xml:lang="it">il miglior fabbro.</q>
  </p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>à la mémoire de Raymond Queneau</p>
 </div>
 <div type="avertissement">
  <p>L'amitié, l'histoire et la littérature m'ont fourni quelques-uns
     des.personnages de ce livre. Toute autre ressemblance avec des
     individus vivants ou ayant réellement ou fictivement existé ne
     saurait être que coïncidence.</p>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde <bibl>(Jules Verne, Michel
         Strogoff )</bibl>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
 </div>
 <div type="preambule">
  <head>PRÉAMBULE</head>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>
    <q>L'œil suit les chemins qui lui ont été ménagés dans l'oeuvre
    <bibl>(Paul Klee, Pädagosisches Skizzenbuch)</bibl>
    </q>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
  <p> Au départ, l'art du puzzle semble un art bref, un art mince, tout
     entier contenu dans un maigre enseignement de la Gestalttheorie :
     ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p>Tant qu'il existera, par le fait des lois et des moeurs, une
     damnation sociale créant artificiellement, en pleine civilisation,
     des enfers, et compliquant d'une fatalité humaine la destinée qui
     est divine ; tant que les trois problèmes du siècle, la dégradation
     de l'homme par le prolétariat, la déchéance de la femme par la faim,
     l'atrophie de l'enfant par la nuit, ne seront pas résolus; tant que,
     dans certaines régions, l'asphyxie sociale sera possible; en
     d'autres termes, et à un point de vue plus étendu encore, tant qu'il
     aura sur la terre ignorance et misère, des livres de la nature de
     celui-ci pourront ne pas être inutiles.</p>
  <closer>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Hauteville-House</name>
    <date>1er janvier 1862</date>
   </dateline>
  </closer>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>小燕子其實也無所愛，只是沉浸在朦朧而飄忽的夏夜夢里罷了。 </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>《憶》第三十五首</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>聲明啟事</p>
 </div>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>作者聲明</head>
  <p>書中所有情節內容皆為虛構，若有雷同，純屬巧合。</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>To our three selves</p>
 </div>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Author's Note</head>
  <p>All the characters in this book are purely imaginary, and if the
     author has used names that may suggest a reference to living persons
     she has done so inadvertently. ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="abstract">
  <div>
   <head> BACKGROUND:</head>
   <p>Food insecurity can put children at greater risk of obesity because
       of altered food choices and nonuniform consumption patterns.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> OBJECTIVE:</head>
   <p>We examined the association between obesity and both child-level
       food insecurity and personal food insecurity in US children.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> DESIGN:</head>
   <p>Data from 9,701 participants in the National Health and Nutrition
       Examination Survey, 2001-2010, aged 2 to 11 years were analyzed.
       Child-level food insecurity was assessed with the US Department of
       Agriculture's Food Security Survey Module based on eight
       child-specific questions. Personal food insecurity was assessed with
       five additional questions. Obesity was defined, using physical
       measurements, as body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) greater than
       or equal to the age- and sex-specific 95th percentile of the Centers
       for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Logistic
       regressions adjusted for sex, race/ethnic group, poverty level, and
       survey year were conducted to describe associations between obesity
       and food insecurity.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> RESULTS:</head>
   <p>Obesity was significantly associated with personal food insecurity
       for children aged 6 to 11 years (odds ratio=1.81; 95% CI 1.33 to
       2.48), but not in children aged 2 to 5 years (odds ratio=0.88; 95%
       CI 0.51 to 1.51). Child-level food insecurity was not associated
       with obesity among 2- to 5-year-olds or 6- to 11-year-olds.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> CONCLUSIONS:</head>
   <p>Personal food insecurity is associated with an increased risk of
       obesity only in children aged 6 to 11 years. Personal
       food-insecurity measures may give different results than aggregate
       food-insecurity measures in children.</p>
  </div>
 </div>
</front>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="letter">
  <head>A letter written to his wife, founde with this booke
     after his death.</head>
  <p>The remembrance of the many wrongs offred thee, and thy
     unreproued vertues, adde greater sorrow to my miserable state,
     than I can utter or thou conceiue. ...
     ... yet trust I in the world to come to find mercie, by the
     merites of my Saiuour to whom I commend thee, and commit
     my soule.</p>
  <signed>Thy repentant husband for his disloyaltie,
  <name>Robert Greene.</name>
  </signed>
  <epigraph xml:lang="la">
   <p>Faelicem fuisse infaustum</p>
  </epigraph>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </div>
</back>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="corrigenda">
  <head>Addenda</head>
  <salute xml:lang="la">M. Scriblerus Lectori</salute>
  <p>Once more, gentle reader I appeal unto thee, from the shameful
     ignorance of the Editor, by whom Our own Specimen of
  <name>Virgil</name> hath been mangled in such miserable manner, that
     scarce without tears can we behold it. At the very entrance, Instead
     of <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγομενα</q>, lo!
  <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγωμενα</q> with an Omega!
     and in the same line <q xml:lang="la">consulâs</q> with a circumflex!
     In the next page thou findest <q xml:lang="la">leviter perlabere</q>,
     which his ignorance took to be the infinitive mood of
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabor</q> but ought to be
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabi</q> ... Wipe away all these
     monsters, Reader, with thy quill.</p>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>The Golden Dream or, the Ingenuous Confession</head>
  <p>TO shew the Depravity of human Nature, and how apt the Mind is to be misled by Trinkets
     and false Appearances, Mrs. Two-Shoes does acknowledge, that after she became rich, she
     had like to have been, too fond of Money
<!-- .... -->
  </p>
 </div>
<!-- ... -->
 <div type="epistle">
  <head>A letter from the Printer, which he desires may be inserted</head>
  <salute>Sir.</salute>
  <p>I have done with your Copy, so you may return it to the Vatican, if you please;

<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>The Books usually read by the Scholars of Mrs Two-Shoes are these and are sold at Mr
     Newbery's at the Bible and Sun in St Paul's Church-yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">The Christmas Box, Price 1d.</item>
   <item n="2">The History of Giles Gingerbread, 1d.</item>
<!-- ... -->
   <item n="42">A Curious Collection of Travels, selected from the Writers of all Nations,
       10 Vol, Pr. bound 1l.</item>
  </list>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>By the KING's Royal Patent, Are sold by J. NEWBERY, at the Bible and Sun in St.
     Paul's Church-Yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">Dr. James's Powders for Fevers, the Small-Pox, Measles, Colds, &amp;c. 2s.
       6d</item>
   <item n="2">Dr. Hooper's Female Pills, 1s.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div n="1" type="appendice">
  <head>APPENDICE I </head>
  <head>CHAPITRE XV bis </head>
  <p>Des cruautez exercées par les Turcs, et autres peuples : et nommément par les
     Espagnols, beaucoup plus barbares que les Sauvages mesmes </p>
  <p>Premierement Chalcondile en son histoire de la decadence de l'Empire des Grecs, ...</p>
 </div>
 <div n="2" type="appendice">
  <head> Appendice 2</head>
  <head>Advertissement de l'autheur</head>
  <p>Outre les augmentations bien amples, et la revision beaucoup plus exacte que je n'avoye
     fait és precedentes Editions, j'ai pour le contentement des Lecteurs, plusieurs endroits
     de ceste quatrieme et derniere monstré ...</p>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div1 type="appendix">
  <head>臺灣現代詩論戰史資料彙編</head>
  <p>現代詩論戰史第一階段</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="epistle">
  <head>白先勇致瘂弦洛夫</head>
  <salute>您好，</salute>
  <p>您的副本我已使用完畢，可以歸還了，麻煩您。</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>本論文提及的專書，可於台灣各大書店詢問訂購。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">陳芳明《詩與現實》，台北：洪範，1983。</item>
   <item n="2">洛夫《詩人之鏡》，台北：大業，1969。</item>
   <item n="42">廖炳惠《回顧現代》，台北：麥田，1994。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>
   <hi rend="center">詩集、詩選</hi>也可於網路書店購得。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">余光中《天狼星》，台北：洪範，1976。</item>
   <item n="2">席慕蓉著《無怨的青春》，台北，大地，1983。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
</back>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p>Wo<g ref="#r1">r</g>ds in this
manusc<g ref="#r2">r</g>ipt are sometimes
written in a funny way.</p>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <g ref="#Filig">Fi</g>lthy riches...</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="Filig">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN UPPER F AND LATIN LOWER I LIGATURE"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="Filig.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <abbr>
  <g ref="#per">per</g>
 </abbr> ardua</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="per">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN ABBREVIATION PER"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="per.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

6. Verse

6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

<lg type="couplet">
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said1">Our lives</seg>, ſaid he,
 <seg xml:id="eg2-said2">wee'll give before we yield</seg>,
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said3">Wee'll win your battles, or dye in the field</seg>.
 </l>
</lg>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="said" scope="root"
  target="#eg2-said1 #eg2-said2 #eg2-said3"/>
</p>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<metDecl>
 <p>Metrically prominent syllables are marked '1' and other
   syllables '0'. Foot divisions are marked by a vertical bar,
   and line divisions with a solidus.</p>
 <p>This notation may be applied to any metrical unit, of any
   size (including, for example, individual feet as well as
   groups of lines).</p>
</metDecl>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <castList>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <p>The action of the play is set in Chicago's
     Southside, sometime between World War II and the
     present.</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

<set>

<set>
 <p>The action takes place on February 7th between the hours of noon and six in the
   afternoon, close to the Trenartha Tin Plate Works, on the borders of England and Wales,
   where a strike has been in progress throughout the winter.</p>
</set>

<set>

<set>
 <p>Bel après-midi de printemps en 1899. Madame Claire Roc est assise dans un fauteuil en
   osier et feuillette un magazine [...], on peut entendre des cris joyeux d'enfants. </p>
</set>

<set>

<set>
 <head>Une représentation à l'hôtel de Bourgogne</head>
 <p>La salle de l'Hôtel de Bourgogne, en 1640. Sorte de hangar de jeu de paume aménagé et
   embelli pour des représentations.</p>
 <p>La salle est un carré long ; on la voit en biais, de sorte qu'un de ses côtés forme le
   fond qui part du premier plan, à droite, et va au dernier plan, à gauche, faire angle
   avec la scène qu'on aperçoit en pan coupé.</p>
</set>

<set>

<set>
 <p>故事發生於九月八日正午十二點至三點間，位於台北中正紀念堂附近，有群眾包圍抗議政府的更名政策。</p>
</set>

<set>

<set>
 <head>場景</head>
 <p>在一個秋高氣爽的下午，中正紀念堂前</p>
</set>

<set>

<set>
 <head>SCENE</head>
 <p>A Sub-Post Office on a late autumn evening</p>
</set>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<front>
 <prologue>
  <head>Prologue, spoken by <name>Mr. Hart</name>
  </head>
  <l>Poets like Cudgel'd Bullys, never do</l>
  <l>At first, or second blow, submit to you;</l>
  <l>But will provoke you still, and ne're have done,</l>
  <l>Till you are weary first, with laying on:</l>
  <l>We patiently you see, give up to you,</l>
  <l>Our Poets, Virgins, nay our Matrons too.</l>
 </prologue>
 <castList>
  <head>The Persons</head>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <head>The SCENE</head>
  <p>London</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <head>Prologue</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Le Prologue.</speaker>
  <p>Voilà. Ces personnages vont vous jouer l' histoire d' Antigone. Antigone, c' est la
     petite maigre qui est assise là-bas, et qui ne dit rien. Elle regarde droit devant
     elle. Elle pense. Elle pense qu' elle va être Antigone tout à l' heure, qu' elle va
     surgir soudain de la maigre jeune fille noiraude et renfermée que personne ne prenait
     au sérieux dans la famille et se dresser seule en face du monde, seule en face de
     Créon, son oncle, qui est le roi. Elle pense qu' elle va mourir, qu' elle est jeune et
     qu' elle aussi, elle aurait bien aimé vivre. Mais il n' y a rien à faire. Elle s'
     appelle Antigone et il va falloir qu' elle joue son rôle jusqu' au bout... </p>
 </sp>
</prologue>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <p>La Machine Infernale a été
   représentée pour la première fois au
 <rs type="place-theatre">théâtre Louis-Jouvet</rs>
  <rs type="place-theatre">(Comédie des
     Champs-élysées)</rs>
  <date>le 10 avril 1934</date>,
   avec les décors et les costumes de
 <name>Christian Bérard.</name> ... </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Gateway Theatre, Edinburgh</rs>, <date>6 September 1948</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Anath Bithiah</role>
    <actor>Athene Seyler</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Shendi</role>
    <actor>Robert Rietty</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Directed by <name>E. Martin Browne</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Théâtre national du Petit-Odéon, Paris</rs>, <date>du 10 Décembre 1974
     au 12 Janvier 1975</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Paul Valéry</role>
    <actor>Michel Duchaussoy</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Joseph</role>
    <actor>Gérad Caillaud</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>M. Teste</role>
    <actor>Pierre Dux</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Mme Teste</role>
    <actor>Claude Winter</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>L'abbé Mosson</role>
    <actor>Jacques Toja</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Adaptation et mise en scène de <name>Pierre Franck</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Distribution <rs type="place">Comédie des Champs-Elysées, Paris,</rs>
  <date>1923</date>(par ordre d'entrée en scène) <castList>
   <castItem>Knock : Louis Jouvet</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">新竹市文化局演藝廳</rs>, <date>2008年3月14日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉福春</role>
    <actor>陳忠義</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉麗月</role>
    <actor>陳慧如</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>監製： <name>李永得</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>首演假<rs type="place">台北國家劇院</rs>於 <date>2007年10月12日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>劉麗君: 徐堰鈴飾</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Cast of the original production at the <rs type="place">Savoy Theatre, London,</rs> on
 <date>September 24, 1907</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>Colonel Hope : Mr A.E.George</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<performance>
 <p>The first performance in Great Britain of <title>Waiting for
     Godot</title> was given at the Arts Theatre, London, on
 <date when="1955-08-03">3rd August 1955</date>. It was directed by
 <name>Peter Hall</name>, and the décor was by <name>Peter
     Snow</name>. The cast was as follows:</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>Estragon: Peter Woodthorpe</castItem>
  <castItem>Vladimir: Paul Daneman</castItem>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="act" n="1">
  <head>Act One</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <stage>Pa Ubu, Ma Ubu</stage>
   <sp>
    <speaker>Pa Ubu</speaker>
    <p>Pschitt!</p>
   </sp>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <stage>A room in Pa Ubu's house, where a magnificent
       collation is set out</stage>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="act" n="2">
  <head>Act Two</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <head>Scene One</head>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <head>Scene Two</head>
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="hh">Henry Higgins</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#hh">
 <speaker>The Notetaker</speaker>
 <p> ... </p>
</sp>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<div1 n="1" type="act">
 <stage type="setting">
  <p>Scene. — A room furnished comfortably and
     tastefully but not extravagantly ...
     The floor is carpeted and a fire burns in the stove.
     It is winter.</p>
  <p>A bell rings in the hall; shortly afterwards the
     door is heard to open. Enter NORA humming a tune ...</p>
 </stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Nora</speaker>
  <p>Hide the Christmas Tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the
     children do not see it till this evening, when it is
     dressed. <stage type="delivery">To the PORTER taking
       out her purse</stage> How much?</p>
 </sp>
</div1>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="lm">Lady Macbeth</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="g1">First Gentleman</role>
 </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
</castList>
<sp who="#g1">
 <speaker>Gent.</speaker>
 <p>Neither to you, nor any one; having no witness
   to confirm my speech. <move who="#lm" type="enter" where="C"/>
   Lo you! here she comes. This is her very guise; and,
   upon my life, fast asleep.</p>
</sp>

<spGrp>

<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER:</speaker>
 <p> Herr Schultz! Can I believe what I see? <stage>(HERR SCHULTZ nods
     proudly)</stage> But this is — too much to accept. So rare — so costly —
   so luxurious. </p>
</sp>
<stage>(She sings)</stage>
<spGrp n="4">
 <sp>
  <l>If you bought me diamonds, If you bought me pearls,</l>
  <l>If you bought me roses like some other gents</l>
  <l>Might bring to other girls,</l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more</l>
  <l>Than the gift I see -</l>
  <stage>(She takes a large pineapple out of the bag)</stage>
  <l>A pineapple for me!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>SCHULTZ:</speaker>
  <stage>(Singing) </stage>
  <l>If, in your emotion, </l>
  <l>You began to sway, </l>
  <l>Went to get some air, </l>
  <l>Or grabbed a chair </l>
  <l>To keep from fainting dead away, </l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more </l>
  <l>Than to see you cling </l>
  <l>To the pineapple I bring.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>BOTH:</speaker>
  <l>Ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
 <stage>(They dance)</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER: </speaker>
 <p>But you must not bring me
   any more pineapples! Do you hear? It is not proper. It is a gift a
   young man would present to his lady love. It makes me blush!
 </p>
</sp>

<move>

<performance xml:id="perf1">
 <p>First performance</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="bellaf">Bellafront</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bellaf" type="enter" where="L"
  perf="#perf1"/> Enter
Bellafront mad.
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="fr_perf1">
 <p>Première apparition</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="fr_clar">Clarence</role>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#fr_clar" type="enter"
  perf="#perf1"/>(Entre Clarence,
entouré de gardes).
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="zh-tw_perf1">
 <p>第一場戲</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="zh-tw_bellaf">楊四郎</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- 其他角色 -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#zh-tw_bellaf" type="enter"
  where="L" perf="#perf1"/>
進場：楊四郎，鬱悶思鄉。
</stage>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with th' love of gain.
   You thry to pin on others th' dirty decorations that
   may be hangin' on your own coats.</p>
 <stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
   and Flagonson. Lilting)</stage>
 <lg type="song">
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Flagonson</speaker>
 <stage>(in anguished indignation).</stage>
 <p>This is more than a hurt to us: this hits at the
   decency of the whole nation!</p>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with ...</p>
</sp>
<stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
and Flagonson. Lilting):</stage>
<floatingText>
 <front>
  <titlePart>Kelly's Song</titlePart>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </body>
</floatingText>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<div1 n="4" type="act">
 <div2 n="5" type="scene">
  <stage>Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
  <stage type="setting">Enter Ophelia, distracted.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Where is the beauteous Majesty of Denmark?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <stage>Singing</stage>
   <lg next="#Tl2" xml:id="Tl1" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
    <l>From another one?</l>
    <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
    <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
   </lg>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
   <stage>Sings</stage>
   <lg prev="#Tl1" xml:id="Tl2" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
    <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
    <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
    <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
   </lg>
   <p>O, ho!</p>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

7.2.7. Simultaneous Action

<sp>
 <speaker>Mangan</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">wildly</stage>
 <p>Look here: I'm going to take off all my clothes.</p>
 <stage type="action">he begins tearing off his coat.</stage>
</sp>
<spGrp type="simultaneous" rend="braced">
 <sp>
  <speaker>Lady Utterword</speaker>
  <p>Mr Mangan!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Captain Shotover</speaker>
  <p>Whats that?</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Hector</speaker>
  <p>Ha! ha! Do. Do.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Ellie</speaker>
  <p>Please dont.</p>
 </sp>
 <stage type="delivery">in consternation</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mrs. Hushabye</speaker>
 <stage type="action">catching his arm and stopping him</stage>
 <p>Alfred: for shame! Are you mad?</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<view>Ext. TV control van—Early morning.
The <name>T.V. announcer</name> from the Ryan interview
stands near the Control Van, the lake in b.g.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>T.V. Announcer</speaker>
 <p>Several years ago, Jack Ryan was a highly
   successful hydroplane racer ...</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<sp>
 <speaker>TV Announcer VO</speaker>
 <p>Working with Ryan are his two coworkers—
   Strut Bowman, the mechanical engineer—
 <view>
   <camera>Angle on Strut</camera>
     standing in the tow boat, walkie-talkie in hand,
     watching Ryan carefully.</view>
   —and Roger Dalton, a rocket
   systems analyst, and one of the scientists
   from the Jet Propulsion Lab ...</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>Now to business.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford and Zaphod</speaker>
 <p>To business.</p>
</sp>
<sound>Glasses clink.</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>I beg your pardon?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford</speaker>
 <p>I'm sorry, I thought you were proposing a toast.</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film
of hansom cabs galloping past.</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.</p>
</sp>

<view>

<view>
 <p>
  <camera>Plan d'ensemble</camera> des fillettes qui regardent Mouchette. <camera>Plan
     rapproché</camera> de la main de l'institutrice pianotant nerveusement.<camera> Retour</camera> sur les fillettes qui ricanent. Mouchette, face à nous, ne peut retenir
   ses larmes. N'y tenant plus, elle prend son visage dans ses mains et hoquète de
   sanglots. <camera>Fondu enchaîné.</camera>
 </p>
</view>

<view>

<div type="plan">
 <view> Préfecture - bureau fonctionnaire - intérieur jour <camera>Plan américain</camera>
   d'un fonctionnaire assis derrière un bureau (il est vu de profil), consultant un fichier
   dans une boîte ouverte devant lui. Il sort une fiche et lève la tête. C'est un homme
   d'une quarantaine d'années, un aspect solide, concret, et un air relativement bon
   enfant. Dans son regard, pourtant, on voit passer par moments une lueur froide,
   inquiétante. </view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FONCTIONNAIRE</speaker>
  <p>Robert Klein, vous avez dit ?</p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<div type="shot">
 <view>香港鳳凰衛視台</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>旁白</speaker>
  <p>2008北京奧運的聖火稍後即將傳遞到香港九龍，我們有最新的現場實況直播於您。</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>香港九龍街道。四處是圍觀的群眾。記者站在聖火傳遞路線旁。</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>主持人</speaker>
  <p>大家好，我現在在香港的九龍。 </p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<div type="shot">
 <view>BBC World symbol</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Voice Over</speaker>
  <p>Monty Python's Flying Circus tonight comes to you live
     from the Grillomat Snack Bar, Paignton.</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>Interior of a nasty snack bar. Customers around, preferably
   real people. Linkman sitting at one of the plastic tables.</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Linkman</speaker>
  <p>Hello to you live from the Grillomat Snack Bar.
  </p>
 </sp>
</div>

<sound>

<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>Now to business.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford and Zaphod</speaker>
 <p>To business.</p>
</sp>
<sound discrete="true">Glasses clink.</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>I beg your pardon?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford</speaker>
 <p>I'm sorry, I thought you were proposing a toast.</p>
</sp>

<sound>

<sp>
 <speaker>班吉</speaker>
 <p>現在，說到我們的事業。</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>福特和薩豐</speaker>
 <p>敬我們的事業。</p>
</sp>
<sound discrete="true">玻璃杯敲擊聲</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>班吉</speaker>
 <p>抱歉，您說什麼？</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>福特</speaker>
 <p>不好意思，我以為你說乾杯。</p>
</sp>

<caption>

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film of hansom cabs
galloping past</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.
 </p>
</sp>

<caption>

<camera>鏡頭拉近，畫面上雙蓋馬車奔馳而去。</camera>
<caption>1895年，倫敦。</caption>
<caption>王爾德先生的家</caption>
<sound>開始合宜別緻的音樂。</sound>
<view>畫面融接到王爾德的畫室。一群人衣冠楚楚、 高談闊論，有人手拿香檳，有人開懷大笑。</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>威爾斯王子</speaker>
 <p>恭喜你，王爾德。你最近的戲劇是個大成功。</p>
</sp>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="video">
  <p>U-matic recording made by college audio-visual department staff,
     available as PAL-standard VHS transfer or sound-only cassette</p>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>
 <p>Three
   distinct recordings made by hidden microphone in early February
   2001.</p>
</recordingStmt>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded on a Sony TR444 walkman by unknown participants; remastered
     to digital tape at <placeName>Borehamwood Studios</placeName> by
  <orgName>Transcription Services Inc</orgName>.</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <p>
  <orgName>Harmonia Mundi</orgName> S.A., enregistré à <placeName>Boughton Aluph Saints
     Church</placeName>, <date>septembre 1977</date>.</p>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>以Sony TR444 walkman錄成，參與者不明；<orgName>中國廣播公司</orgName>在<placeName>中廣電台</placeName>以數位磁帶重製。</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<equipment>

<equipment>
 <p>"Hi-8" 8 mm NTSC camcorder with integral directional
   microphone and windshield and stereo digital sound
   recording channel.
 </p>
</equipment>

<equipment>

<equipment>
 <p>Enregistreur numérique avec connexion USB et 512 Mo de mémoire intégrée</p>
</equipment>

<equipment>

<equipment>
 <p>enregistreur numérique 16 pistes</p>
</equipment>

<equipment>

<broadcast>
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
</broadcast>

<equipment>

<equipment>
 <p>內建麥克風、立體聲音響以及數位錄音聲道的"Hi-8" 的8釐米NTSC攝錄像機。</p>
</equipment>

<equipment>

<equipment>
 <p>8-track analogue transfer mixed down to 19 cm/sec audio
   tape for cassette mastering</p>
</equipment>

8.4.4. Prosody

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC <post>

<post type="comment" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmc_post10" who="#u7"
 replyTo="#cmc_post09" when-iso="2015-07-29T21:44">
 <p>Es hat den Anschein, als wäre bei BER durchaus große Kompetenz am Bau, allerdings
   nicht in Form von Handwerkern….</p>
 <p>http://www.zeit.de/2015/29/imtech-flughafen-berlin-ber-verzoegerung/komplettansicht</p>
</post>
<post type="comment" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmc_post11" who="#u8"
 replyTo="#cmc_post10" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:11">
 <p>Nein Nein, an den Handwerkern kann es rein strukturel nicht gelegen haben. Niemand
   lässt seine Handwerker auf der Baustelle derart allein. Zudem gibt es höchstoffizielle
   “Abnahmen” von Bauabschnitten/phasen. Welcher Mangel auch bestanden hatte, er hätte
   Zeitnah auffallen müssen.</p>
 <p>Uuups, für Imtek hab ich mal in einer Nachunternehmerfirma gearbeitet. Imtek is
   offenbar ein universeler Bauträger, der alles baut.</p>
</post>
<post type="comment" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmc_post12" who="#u8"
 replyTo="#cmc_post11" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:26">
 <p>Stahlkunstruktionen dacht ich mal, was die bauen—oder bauen lassen.</p>
 <p>Das ist schon ein übles Ding. Die Ausschreibungenund Angebote sind unauffällig, aber
   wenn Unregelmässigkeiten auftreten (im Bauverlauf) dann gibt es die saftigen
   Rechnungen. Da steht dann der Bauherr da und fragt sich, wie er denn so schnell einen
   fähigen Ersatz herbekommt. Und diese Frage erübrigt sich meist, weil der Markt der
   Baufirmen das nicht hergibt — weil tendenziel 100 % Auslastung. (und noch schlimmer:
   Absprachen) Was auch Folge des Marktdrucks gewesen war.</p>
</post>

9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC <post>

<div type="thread" xml:id="i.10031_19">
 <head>[[WP:AUTO]]</head>
 <post indentLevel="0" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-07T03:09+00" who="#WU00010808" xml:id="cmc_post13">
  <p> I would kindly request from Mr. Meyer to allow others to edit the [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="1" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-08T03:49+00" who="#WU00010804" xml:id="cmc_post14">
  <p>I dont agree, this article is not about Dr. Meyer, [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="2" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-08T04:16+00" who="#WU00005520" xml:id="cmc_post15">
  <p>Why don't you read the policy. [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="3" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-11-01T22:58+00" who="#WU00010815" xml:id="cmc_post16">
  <p>Because the policy makes no sense, [...]</p>
 </post>
</div>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post19" indentLevel="0" who="#u005" synch="#t005">
 <p>I'm not sure that this is a proper criterium, or even what this means. What if we set
   an explosion that breaks a comet into two pieces? What if we build a moon? Cheers,
 </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:Greenodd">Greenodd</ref> (<ref target="/wiki/User_talk:Greenodd">talk</ref>) <time>01:00, 21
     July 2011 (UTC)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#SYSTEM" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" ref="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

9.4.2. Sequences, Sections, Threads

<div type="thread" n="0">
 <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post01"
  who="#u7" when-iso="2015-07-29T21:44">
  <p>Es hat den Anschein, ...</p>
 </post>
 <div type="thread" n="1">
  <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post02"
   who="#u8" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:11">
   <p>Nein Nein, an den Handwerkern kann es ...</p>
  </post>
  <div type="thread" n="2">
   <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post03"
    who="#u8" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:26">
    <p>Stahlkunstruktionen dacht ich mal, ....</p>
   </post>
  </div>
 </div>
</div>

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<text>
 <body>
  <u xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a191"
   who="#tingrabu"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts373" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts430">ok
     hm for me this presentation was hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> become too fast because it's
     always the same in our architecture school euh we have not time and hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> too quickly sorry [...]</u>
  <kinesic xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a192"
   who="#romeorez"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts376" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts377"
   type="body" subtype="kinesics">
   <desc>
    <code>eat(popcorn)</code>
   </desc>
  </kinesic>
<!-- more bodily activities of avatars -->
  <post modality="written"
   generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a195"
   who="#tfrez2"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts380" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts381"
   type="chat-message">
   <p>it went too quickly?</p>
  </post>
 </body>
</text>

9.5.3. Documenting the Sampling of CMC data

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Sampled using the <name type="API">Twitter Filtered stream v2-API</name> (see <ptr type="APIdoc"
   target="https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/filtered-stream/api-reference/get-tweets-search-stream"/>) Filtered for the German language and the following countries: Germany, Austria,
   Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, and Luxembourg. Downloaded on <date when="2022-12-12">Mon 12 Dec 22</date> using the command
 <code>requests.get("https://api.twitter.com/2/tweets/search/stream",
     headers=headers, params=params, stream=True,)</code> in the python script <name type="script">collectFilteredTwitterStream.py</name>. </p>
</samplingDecl>

9.5.3. Documenting the Sampling of CMC data

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Downloaded from the news.individual.de server on 2016-01-15 using nntp client in
   Python</p>
</samplingDecl>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <body>: --><div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post05" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="./userList.xml#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post07" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
  <date when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z">01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
 </signed>
</post>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z" who="#u006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
 </signed>
</post>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post08" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern. </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"> [_DELETED-SIGNATURE_]
 <date synch="#t007">[_DELETED-TIMESTAMP_]</date>
 </signed>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A05" rend="color:red">
 <p>oh ja, in die Wärme...</p>
</post>
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A03" rend="color:red">
 <p>nein, hast du nicht !!</p>
</post>

<post>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="system">
  <persName>system</persName>
 </person>
<!-- ... -->
</listPerson>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="event" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A02" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> hechtet zum Steuer </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A03" rend="color:green">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">schwank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
<!-- ... -->
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW">seekrank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
 </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A02" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="acronym">lol</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w> ... </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" rend="color:black">
 <p>
  <phr type="AKW">
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
   <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> einen fallschirm <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">umbind</w>
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  </phr>
 </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" rend="color:black">
 <p> naja, der war gestrandet <w type="emoticon" subtype="ascii">:(</w>
 </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" when="2015-11-18">
 <p>
  <ref corresp="#A02"
   target="https://twitter.com/textarchiv">
   <w type="ADRIND">@</w>
   <w type="ADR">textarchiv</w>
  </ref> Erfurter
   Europäische Welt- und Staats-Geschichte: 20 Ausgaben von 1744 aus dem MKHZ
   bereits in DTAQ <ref target="http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/dtaq/about"> http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/dtaq/about</ref>
  <ref target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dtaclarin14?src=hash">
   <w type="hashtag">#dtaclarin14</w>
  </ref>
 </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich
   selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel
   glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

<post>

<post xml:id="p5" type="comment" who="#u4"
 synch="#t005" replyTo="#p4">
 <p>“Wenn Sie diesen Gruppen also “mangelnde Bildung“ attestieren wollen, so
   verwenden Sie bereits einen bestimmten, kulturgebundenen Bildungsbegriff.”</p>
 <p>Ich hoffe doch, wir können beim Bildungsbegriff der Aufklärung bleiben. Wer das
   nicht möchte, hat die Wissenschaft verlassen.</p>
</post>

<post>

<post when="1990-10-11" who="#dmerritt"
 xml:id="sgml-tei-3" replyTo="#sgml-tei-1">
 <time generatedBy="system">04:37:51 UTC</time>
 <p>
  <seg generatedBy="system">In article
  <ref target="#sgml-tei-1"><2****.**********0@m*******.***.*****.**c.uk></ref> S.*.*.*****z@e**.*****.**c.uk (Sebastian Rahtz) writes:</seg>
  <cit>
   <bibl>[for] Lou Burnard:</bibl>
   <quote>the Text Encoding Initiative document is a many-splendoured thing,
       redolent of the mysterious east, caribbean evenings and the scent of
       fresh pine in the himalayas [...]</quote>
  </cit>
 </p>
 <p>Very poetic.</p>
 <p>But really, what is it?</p>
 <signed generatedBy="human">Doug</signed>
 <signed generatedBy="template">Doug Merritt ****@e***.********y.edu (ucbvax!eris!doug) or uunet.uu.net!crossck!dougm
 </signed>
</post>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <p>In Latin, on parchment: written in more than one hand of the 13th cent. in
   England: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns: with a few coloured
   capitals.</p>
 <p>'Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,' the De origine et gestis Regum Angliae of
   Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis: beg. 'Cum mecum multa &amp; de
   multis.'</p>
 <p>On fol. 54v very faint is 'Iste liber est fratris guillelmi de buria de ...
   Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],' 14th cent. (?): 'hanauilla' is written
   at the foot of the page (15th cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March
   17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

11.3.2. Material and Object Type

<binding>
 <p>Brown <material>calfskin</material>, previously with two clasps.</p>
</binding>

11.3.2. Material and Object Type

<support>
 <p>
  <material function="support">Parchment</material>
  <objectType>codex</objectType> with half <material function="binding">goat-leather</material>
   binding.</p>
</support>

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

<binding>
 <p>Modern calf recasing with original armorial stamp <stamp>with legend
  <mentioned xml:lang="la">Ex Bibliotheca J. Richard
       D.M.</mentioned>
  </stamp>
 </p>
</binding>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<decoDesc>
 <p>Several of the miniatures in this section have been damaged and overpainted
   at a later date (e.g. the figure of Christ on <locus facs="http://www.example.com/images.fr#F33R">fol. 33r</locus>; the face of the
   Shepherdess on <locus facs="http://www.example.com/images.fr#F59V">fol.
     59v</locus>, etc.).</p>
</decoDesc>

11.3.8. Heraldry

<p>Ownership stamp (xvii cent.) on i recto with the arms <heraldry>A bull
   passant within a bordure bezanty, in chief a crescent for difference</heraldry>
[Cole], crest, and the legend <quote>Cole Deum</quote>.</p>
<!-- ... -->
<p>A c. 8r fregio su due lati, <heraldry>stemma e imprese medicee</heraldry>
racchiudono l'inizio dell'epistolario di Paolino.</p>

<heraldry>

<p>Ownership stamp (xvii cent.) on i recto with the arms
<heraldry>A bull passant within a bordure bezanty,
   in chief a crescent for difference</heraldry> [Cole],
crest, and the legend <q>Cole Deum</q>.</p>

<heraldry>

<p>Barbey, en Normandie : <heraldry>d'azur, à deux bars adossés d'argent ; au chef cousu de
   gueules, chargé de trois tourteaux d'or.</heraldry>.</p>

<heraldry>

<p>劍鞘正面的交叉雙彎刀及棗椰樹金雕貼花圖案為沙烏地阿拉伯王國的紋章。藍色絨布外盒，鑲有金色交叉雙彎刀及棗椰樹圖案。</p>

<material>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <material>Parchment</material> leaves with a
 <material>sharkskin</material> binding.</p>
</physDesc>

<material>

<p>
 <index indexName="typo_decor">
  <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
 </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé
</p>

<material>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <material>羊皮</material> 頁面用
 <material>鯊魚皮</material>
   捆綁</p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p> Paper and vellum <objectType>codex</objectType> in modern cloth binding.</p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p>Fragment of a re-used marble <objectType>funerary stele</objectType>.
 </p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <objectType>Codex</objectType> avec feuilles de parchemin colorées avec la pourpre du murex.
 </p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <objectType>Socle</objectType> fragmentaire d'Aphrodite Anadyomène en terre cuite.</p>
</physDesc>

<watermark>

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Rag paper</material> with <watermark>anchor</watermark> watermark</p>
</support>

<watermark>

<support>
 <p>
  <material>布漿紙</material>上有 <watermark>錨點</watermark>水印</p>
</support>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <p>A collection of Lollard sermons</p>
</msContents>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <p>Atlas of the world from Western Europe and Africa to Indochina, containing 27
   maps and 26 tables</p>
</msContents>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <p>Biblia sacra: Antiguo y Nuevo Testamento, con prefacios, prólogos y
   argumentos de san Jerónimo y de otros. Interpretaciones de los nombres
   hebreos.</p>
</msContents>

11.6.5. Text Classification

<msItem class="#law #war">
 <p>A treatise on Clausewitz</p>
<!-- details of the item here -->
</msItem>

<filiation>

<msItem>
 <title>明藏</title>
 <filiation>
  <p>明藏有四︰在南京刻的稱南藏，在北京刻的稱北藏，在浙江武林刻的稱武林藏，在徑山等處刻過的稱徑山或嘉興藏。徑山藏，是會合南北藏本而以北本為主的；日本的黃檗藏就是徑山藏的翻刻本，而卍字藏復淵源于黃檗藏，可見徑山藏給與日本的影響了。</p>
  <p>明藏因年代較近，國內外還有完整的存本；惟武林藏本，卻已全佚，其特點是始改梵夾為方冊。</p>
 </filiation>
</msItem>
<!--http://www.cbeta.org/data/budadata/hisutra.htm-->

<filiation>

<msItem>
 <title>Guan-ben</title>
 <filiation>
  <p>The "Guan-ben" was widely current among mathematicians in the
     Qing dynasty, and "Zhao Qimei version" was also read. It is
     therefore difficult to know the correct filiation path to follow.
     The study of this era is much indebted to Li Di. We explain the
     outline of his conclusion here. Kong Guangsen
     (1752-1786)(17) was from the same town as Dai Zhen, so he obtained
     "Guan-ben" from him and studied it(18). Li Huang (d. 1811)
     (19) took part in editing Si Ku Quan Shu, so he must have had
     "Guan-ben". Then Zhang Dunren (1754-1834) obtained this version,
     and studied "Da Yan Zong Shu Shu" (The General Dayan
     Computation). He wrote Jiu Yi Suan Shu (Mathematics
     Searching for One, 1803) based on this version of Shu Xue Jiu
     Zhang (20).</p>
  <p>One of the most important persons in restoring our knowledge
     concerning the filiation of these books was Li Rui (1768(21)
     -1817)(see his biography). ... only two volumes remain of this
     manuscript, as far as chapter 6 (chapter 3 part 2) p.13, that is,
     question 2 of "Huan Tian San Ji" (square of three loops),
     which later has been lost.</p>
 </filiation>
</msItem>
<!--http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~jochi/ed1.htm-->

<msContents>

<msContents class="#sermons">
 <p>A collection of Lollard sermons</p>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <p>金剛般若波羅蜜經</p>
</msContents>

11.7. Physical Description

<physDesc>
 <p>Generic descriptive prose...</p>
<!-- other generic elements here -->
 <objectDesc form="codex">
<!-- ... -->
 </objectDesc>
<!-- other specific elements here -->
</physDesc>

11.7.1. Object Description

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc>
  <p>Mostly <material>paper</material>, with watermarks
  <watermark>unicorn</watermark> (<ref>Briquet 9993</ref>) and
  <watermark>ox</watermark> (close to <ref>Briquet 2785</ref>). The first and last
     leaf of each quire, with the exception of quires xvi and xviii, are constituted
     by bifolia of parchment, and all seven miniatures have been painted on inserted
     singletons of parchment.</p>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

11.7.1.1. Support

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Paper</material> with watermark: <watermark>anchor in a circle with
     star on top</watermark>, <watermark>countermark B-B with trefoil</watermark>
   similar to <ref>Mošin, Anchor N 1680</ref>
  <date>1570-1585</date>.</p>
</support>

11.7.1.3. Collation

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-3:8, 4:6, 5-13:8</formula>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>There are now four gatherings, the first, second and fourth originally
   consisting of eight leaves, the third of seven. A fifth gathering thought to
   have followed has left no trace. <list>
   <item>Gathering I consists of 7 leaves, a first leaf, originally conjoint with
   <locus>fol. 7</locus>, having been cut away leaving only a narrow strip along
       the gutter; the others, <locus>fols 1</locus> and <locus>6</locus>,
   <locus>2</locus> and <locus>5</locus>, and <locus>3</locus> and
   <locus>4</locus>, are bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering II consists of 8 leaves, 4 bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering III consists of 7 leaves; <locus>fols 16</locus> and
   <locus>22</locus> are conjoint, the others singletons.</item>
   <item>Gathering IV consists of 2 leaves, a bifolium.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>I (1, 2+9, 3+8, 4+7, 5+6, 10); II (11, 12+17, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18,
   19).</p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8
     9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
 </p>
</collation>

11.7.1.4. Foliation

<foliation>
 <p>Neuere Foliierung, die auch das Vorsatzblatt mitgezählt
   hat.</p>
</foliation>
<foliation>
 <p>Folio numbers were added in brown ink by Árni Magnússon ca.
   1720-1730 in the upper right corner of all recto-pages.</p>
</foliation>

11.7.1.4. Foliation

<foliation xml:id="original">
 <p>Original foliation in red roman numerals in the
   middle of the outer margin of each recto</p>
</foliation>
<foliation xml:id="modern">
 <p>Foliated in pencil in the top right corner of each
   recto page.</p>
</foliation>
<!-- ... -->
<locus scheme="#modern">ff 1-20</locus>

11.7.1.5. Condition

<supportDesc>
 <condition>
  <p>The manuscript shows signs of damage from water and mould on its
     outermost leaves.</p>
 </condition>
</supportDesc>

11.7.1.5. Condition

<condition>
 <p>Despite tears on many of the leaves the codex is reasonably well
   preserved. The top and the bottom of f. 1 is damaged, and only a thin slip is
   left of the original second leaf (now foliated as 1bis). The lower margin of f.
   92 has been cut away. There is a lacuna of one leaf between ff. 193 and 194. The
   manuscript ends defectively (there are approximately six leaves
   missing).</p>
</condition>

11.7.1.6. Layout Description

<layout ruledLines="25 32">
 <p>Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled in lead.</p>
</layout>
<layout columns="1" writtenLines="24">
 <p>Written in one column throughout; 24 lines per page.</p>
</layout>
<layout>
 <p>Written in 3 columns, with 8 lines of text and interlinear glosses in
   the centre, and up to 26 lines of gloss in the outer two columns. Double
   vertical bounding lines ruled in hard point on hair side. Text lines ruled
   faintly in lead. Remains of prickings in upper, lower, and outer (for 8 lines of
   text only) margins.</p>
</layout>

11.7.1.6. Layout Description

<layoutDesc>
 <layout ruledLines="25 32">
  <p>On <locus from="1r" to="202v">fols 1r-200v</locus> and <locus from="210r" to="212v">fols 210r-212v</locus> there are between 25 and 32 ruled lines.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout ruledLines="34 50">
  <p>On <locus from="203r" to="209v">fols 203r-209v</locus> there are between 34
     and 50 ruled lines.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc>
 <p>Written in a <term>late Caroline minuscule</term>; versals in a form of
 <term>rustic capitals</term>; although the marginal and interlinear gloss is
   written in varying shades of ink that are not those of the main text, text and
   gloss appear to have been copied during approximately the same time span.</p>
</handDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc hands="2">
 <p>The manuscript is written in two contemporary hands, otherwise unknown, but
   clearly those of practised scribes. Hand I writes ff. 1r-22v and hand II ff. 23
   and 24. Some scholars, notably Verner Dahlerup and Hreinn Benediktsson, have
   argued for a third hand on f. 24, but the evidence for this is
   insubstantial.</p>
</handDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc hands="3">
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-1" scope="minor">
  <p>The first part of the manuscript, <locus from="1v" to="72v:4">fols
       1v-72v:4</locus>, is written in a practised Icelandic Gothic bookhand. This hand
     is not found elsewhere.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-2" scope="major">
  <p>The second part of the manuscript, <locus from="72v:4" to="194v">fols
       72v:4-194</locus>, is written in a hand contemporary with the first; it can also
     be found in a fragment of <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>, <ref>AM 20b II
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-3" scope="minor">
  <p>The third hand has written the majority of the chapter headings. This hand
     has been identified as the one also found in <ref>AM 221
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
</handDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<typeDesc>
 <p>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</p>
</typeDesc>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <p>The decoration comprises two full page miniatures, perhaps added by the
   original owner, or slightly later; the original major decoration consists of
   twenty-three large miniatures, illustrating the divisions of the Passion
   narrative and the start of the major texts, and the major divisions of the
   Hours; seventeen smaller miniatures, illustrating the suffrages to saints; and
   seven historiated initials, illustrating the pericopes and major prayers.</p>
</decoDesc>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniature">
  <p>One full-page miniature, facing the beginning of the first Penitential
     Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>One seven-line historiated initial, commencing the first Penitential
     Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>Six four-line decorated initials, commencing the second through the seventh
     Penitential Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>Some three hundred two-line versal initials with pen-flourishes, commencing
     the psalm verses.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="border">
  <p>Four-sided border decoration surrounding the miniatures and three-sided
     border decoration accompanying the historiated and decorated initials.</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniatures">
  <p>Fourteen large miniatures with arched tops, above five lines of text: <list>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 14r</locus>Pericopes. <term>St. John writing on Patmos</term>,
         with the Eagle holding his ink-pot and pen-case; some flaking of pigment,
         especially in the sky</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 26r</locus>Hours of the Virgin, Matins.
    <term>Annunciation</term>; Gabriel and the Dove to the right</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 60r</locus>Prime. <term>Nativity</term>; the <term>Virgin and
           Joseph adoring the Child</term>
    </item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 66r</locus>Terce. <term>Annunciation to the Shepherds</term>,
         one with <term>bagpipes</term>
    </item>
<!-- ... -->
   </list>
  </p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

11.7.2.3. Musical Notation

<musicNotation>
 <p>Square notation on 4-line red staves.</p>
</musicNotation>

11.7.2.3. Musical Notation

<musicNotation>
 <p>Neumes in campo aperto of the St. Gall type.</p>
</musicNotation>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Doodles on most leaves, possibly by children, and often quite
   amusing.</p>
</additions>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p xml:lang="fr">Quelques annotations marginales des XVIe et XVIIe s.</p>
</additions>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>The text of this manuscript is not interpolated with sentences from Royal
   decrees promulgated in 1294, 1305 and 1314. In the margins, however, another
   somewhat later scribe has added the relevant paragraphs of these decrees, see
   pp. 8, 24, 44, 47 etc.</p>
 <p>As a humorous gesture the scribe in one opening of the manuscript, pp. 36 and
   37, has prolonged the lower stems of one letter f and five letters þ and has
   them drizzle down the margin.</p>
</additions>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Spaces for initials and chapter headings were left by the scribe but not
   filled in. A later, probably fifteenth-century, hand has added initials and
   chapter headings in greenish-coloured ink on fols <locus>8r</locus>,
 <locus>8v</locus>, <locus>9r</locus>, <locus>10r</locus> and <locus>11r</locus>.
   Although a few of these chapter headings are now rather difficult to read, most
   can be made out, e.g. fol. <locus>8rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">floti ast<ex>ri</ex>d<ex>ar</ex>
  </quote>; fol.
 <locus>9rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">v<ex>m</ex> olaf conung</quote>, and fol.
 <locus>10ra</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">Gipti<ex>n</ex>g ol<ex>a</ex>fs
     k<ex>onun</ex>gs</quote>.</p>
 <p>The manuscript contains the following marginalia: <list>
   <item>Fol. <locus>4v</locus>, left margin: <quote xml:lang="is">hialmadr
    <ex>ok</ex>
     <lb/>brynjadr</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, imitating an addition made
       to the text by the scribe at this point.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>5r</locus>, lower margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þ<ex>e</ex>tta
         þiki m<ex>er</ex> v<ex>er</ex>a gott blek en<ex>n</ex>da kan<ex>n</ex> ek icki
         betr sia</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, probably the same as that on the
       previous page.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>9v</locus>, bottom margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þessa bok
         uilda eg <sic>gæt</sic> lært med
    <lb/>an Gud gefe myer Gott ad
    <lb/>læra</quote>; seventeenth-century hand.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
 <p>There are in addition a number of illegible scribbles in a later hand (or
   hands) on fols <locus>2r</locus>, <locus>3r</locus>, <locus>5v</locus> and
 <locus>19r</locus>.</p>
</additions>

11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions

<bindingDesc>
 <p>Sewing not visible; tightly rebound over 19th-century pasteboards, reusing
   panels of 16th-century brown leather with gilt tooling à la fanfare, Paris c.
   1580-90, the centre of each cover inlaid with a 17th-century oval medallion of
   red morocco tooled in gilt (perhaps replacing the identifying mark of a previous
   owner); the spine similarly tooled, without raised bands or title-piece;
   coloured endbands; the edges of the leaves and boards gilt. Boxed.</p>
</bindingDesc>

11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions

<binding>
 <p>Bound, s. XVIII (?), in <material>diced russia leather</material>
   retaining most of the original 15th century metal ornaments (but with some
   replacements) as well as the heavy wooden boards.</p>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On each cover: alternating circular stamps of the Holy Monogram, a
     sunburst, and a flower.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On the cornerpieces, one of which is missing, a rectangular stamp
     of the Agnus Dei.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <condition>Front and back leather inlaid panels very badly worn.</condition>
 <p>Rebacked during the 19th century.</p>
</binding>

11.7.3.2. Seals

<sealDesc>
 <seal n="1" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>Round seal of <name>Anders Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         930</ref>
   </bibl>. Parchment tag, on which is written: <quote>pertinere nos
       predictorum placiti nostri iusticarii precessorum dif</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
 <seal n="2" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         1061</ref>
   </bibl>. Legend: <quote>S IOHANNES OLAVI</quote>. Parchment tag on
     which is written: <quote>Woldorp Iohanne G</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

11.7.3.3. Accompanying Material

<accMat>
 <p>A slip in Árni Magnússon's hand has been stuck to the pastedown on the inside
   front cover; the text reads: <quote xml:lang="is">Þidreks Søgu þessa hefi eg
     feiged af Sekreterer Wielandt Anno 1715 i Kaupmanna høfn. Hun er, sem eg sie,
     Copia af Austfirda bókinni (Eidagás) en<ex>n</ex> ecki progenies Brædratungu
     bokarinnar. Og er þar fyrer eigi i allan<ex>n</ex> máta samhlioda
     þ<ex>eir</ex>re er Sr Jon Erlendz son hefer ritad fyrer Mag. Bryniolf. Þesse
     Þidreks Saga mun vera komin fra Sr Vigfuse á Helgafelle.</quote>
 </p>
</accMat>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>Early modern
  <material>parchment</material> and
  <material>paper</material>.</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>現代早期 <material>羊皮紙</material>與<material>白紙</material>。</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<collation>

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8 9.10, 11.2
     (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
  <catchwords>Catchwords are written horizontally in center or towards the right lower
     margin in various manners: in red ink for quires 1-6 (which are also signed in red ink
     with letters of the alphabet and arabic numerals); quires 7-9 in ink of text within
     yellow decorated frames; quire 10 in red decorated frame; quire 12 in ink of text;
     quire 13 with red decorative slashes; quire 14 added in cursive hand.</catchwords>
 </p>
</collation>

<collation>

<collation>
 <p>此物屬「沓姆」，即用西雙版納傣文書寫的佛經，頁面打折；打折是為了讓一頁變為多頁並折疊成一冊，其折出的每一頁的寬度和長度皆與作為書寫介質的貝葉相當。</p>
</collation>

<collation>

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text)
     7-8.8 9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
  <catchwords>Catchwords are written horizontally in center
     or towards the right lower margin in various manners:
     in red ink for quires 1-6 (which are also signed in red
     ink with letters of the alphabet and arabic numerals);
     quires 7-9 in ink of text within yellow decorated frames;
     quire 10 in red decorated frame; quire 12 in ink of text;
     quire 13 with red decorative slashes; quire 14 added in
     cursive hand.</catchwords>
 </p>
</collation>

<condition>

<condition>
 <p>There are lacunae in three places in this
   manuscript. After 14v two
   leaves has been cut out and narrow strips leaves remains in the spine. After
   68v one gathering is missing and after 101v at least one gathering of 8 leaves
   has been lost. </p>
 <p>Several leaves are damaged with tears or holes or have a
   irregular shape. Some of the damages do not allow the lines to be of full
   length and they are apparently older than the script. There are tears on fol.
   2r-v, 9r-v, 10r-v, 15r-18v, 19r-v, 20r-22v, 23r-v, 24r-28v, 30r-v, 32r-35v,
   37r-v, 38r-v, 40r-43v, 45r-47v, 49r-v, 51r-v, 53r-60v, 67r-v, 68r-v, 70r-v,
   74r-80v, 82r-v, 86r-v, 88r-v, 89r-v, 95r-v, 97r-98v 99r-v, 100r-v. On fol. 98
   the corner has been torn off. Several leaves are in a bad condition due to
   moist and wear, and have become dark, bleached or
   wrinkled. </p>
 <p>The script has been
   touched up in the 17th century with black ink. The touching up on the following
   fols. was done by
 <name>Bishop Brynjólf Sveinsson</name>: 1v, 3r, 4r, 5r,
   6v, 8v,9r, 10r, 14r, 14v, 22r,30v, 36r-52v, 72v, 77r,78r,103r, 104r,. An
   AM-note says according to the lawman
 <name>Sigurður Björnsson</name> that the rest of the
   touching up was done by himself and another lawman
 <name>Sigurður Jónsson</name>.
 <name>Sigurður Björnsson</name> did the touching up
   on the following fols.: 46v, 47r, 48r, 49r-v, 50r, 52r-v.
 <name>Sigurður Jónsson</name> did the rest of the
   touching up in the section 36r-59r containing
 <title>Bretasögur</title>
 </p>
</condition>

<condition>

<condition>
 <p>輕度破損，本案第27至30頁缺頁。</p>
</condition>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <p>Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled in lead.</p>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <p>Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled in lead.</p>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/> 2 columns of 42 lines pricked and ruled in ink, with
     central rule between the columns.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>Prickings for three columns are visible.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <p>每頁14行，每行40到43字不等；有 註文小字雙行，字數不等。</p>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/>兩欄共42行以墨水圈選、標誌，欄間有直線分隔。</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>小孔的三欄可見.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/>
     2 columns of 42 lines pricked and ruled in ink, with
     central rule between the columns.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>Prickings for three columns are visible.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<layout>

<layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
 <p>2 columns of 42 lines ruled in ink, with central rule between the columns.</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="1 2" writtenLines="40 50">
 <p>Some pages have 2 columns, with central rule between the columns; each column with
   between 40 and 50 lines of writing.</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
 <p>兩欄共42行油墨橫線，欄間有直線分隔。</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="1 2" writtenLines="40 50">
 <p>有些頁面有兩欄，欄間有直線分隔；每欄有40至50行的字。</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
 <p>2 columns of 42 lines ruled in ink, with central rule
   between the columns.</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="1 2" writtenLines="40 50">
 <p>Some pages have 2 columns, with central rule
   between the columns; each column with between 40 and 50 lines of writing.</p>
</layout>

<handDesc>

<handDesc hands="2">
 <p>The manuscript is written in two contemporary hands, otherwise unknown, but clearly
   those of practised scribes. Hand I writes ff. 1r-22v and hand II ff. 23 and 24. Some
   scholars, notably Verner Dahlerup and Hreinn Benediktsson, have argued for a third hand
   on f. 24, but the evidence for this is insubstantial.</p>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc hands="1">
 <p>手稿由田代安定一人控稿，同行者包括鳥居龍藏（帝國大學人類學調查員）；上領小太郎（舊民政局殖產課員）；三宅驥（帝國大學職務調查員）；小笠原富次郎（總統府技手殖產課員）。</p>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc hands="2">
 <p>The manuscript is written in two contemporary hands, otherwise
   unknown, but clearly those of practised scribes. Hand I writes
   ff. 1r-22v and hand II ff. 23 and 24. Some scholars, notably
   Verner Dahlerup and Hreinn Benediktsson, have argued for a third hand
   on f. 24, but the evidence for this is insubstantial.</p>
</handDesc>

<typeDesc>

<typeDesc>
 <p>Uses an unidentified black letter font, probably from the
   15th century</p>
</typeDesc>

<scriptDesc>

<scriptDesc>
 <p/>
</scriptDesc>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>
 <p>Square notation of 4-line red staves.</p>
</musicNotation>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>
 <p>Les clés se placent au commencement de la portée. Elles servent à fixer le nom des
   notes et à indiquer en même temps la place que celles-ci occupent dans l'échelle
   musicale.</p>
</musicNotation>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>
 <p>紅色四線譜記號法</p>
</musicNotation>

<decoDesc>

<decoDesc>
 <p>The start of each book of the Bible with a 10-line historiated
   illuminated initial; prefaces decorated with 6-line blue initials with red
   penwork flourishing; chapters marked by 3-line plain red initials; verses
   with 1-line initials, alternately blue or red.</p>
</decoDesc>

<decoDesc>

<decoDesc>
 <p>Les miracles de la Vierge, par Gautier de Coinci ; un volume in-fol. de 285 feuilles,
   orné d'initiales en or et en couleur,...</p>
</decoDesc>

<decoDesc>

<decoDesc>
 <p>每本聖經的第一個字母都是十行大小，飾以歷史圖案；引言部份的第一個字母是六行大小，並以紅筆花飾；章節的第一個字母是三行大小，紅的；韻文的第一個字母一行大小，有時是紅色有時是藍色的。</p>
</decoDesc>

<decoNote>

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>The start of each book of the Bible with
     a 10-line historiated illuminated initial;
     prefaces decorated with 6-line blue initials
     with red penwork flourishing; chapters marked by
     3-line plain red initials; verses with 1-line initials,
     alternately blue or red.</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

<decoNote>

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>每本聖經的第一個字母都是十行大小，飾以歷史圖案；引言部份的第一個字母是六行大小，並以紅筆花飾；章節的第一個字母是三行大小，紅的；韻文的第一個字母一行大小，有時是紅色有時是藍色的。</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

<additions>

<additions>
 <p>There are several marginalia in this manuscript. Some consist of
   single characters and others are figurative. On 8v is to be found a drawing of
   a mans head wearing a hat. At times sentences occurs: On 5v:
 <q xml:lang="is">Her er skrif andres isslendin</q>,
   on 19r: <q xml:lang="is">þeim go</q>,
   on 21r: <q xml:lang="is">amen med aund ok munn halla rei knar hofud summu all huad
     batar þad mælgi ok mal</q>,
   On 21v: some runic letters and the sentence <q xml:lang="la">aue maria gracia plena dominus</q>.</p>
</additions>

<additions>

<additions>
 <p>There are several marginalia in this manuscript. Some consist of single characters and
   others are figurative. On 8v is to be found a drawing of a mans head wearing a hat. At
   times sentences occurs: On 5v:<q xml:lang="is">Her er skrif andres isslendin</q>, on
   19r: <q xml:lang="is">þeim go</q>, on 21r: <q xml:lang="is">amen med aund ok munn halla
     rei knar hofud summu all huad batar þad mælgi ok mal</q>, On 21v: some runic letters
   and the sentence <q xml:lang="la">aue maria gracia plena dominus</q>.</p>
</additions>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <p>Sewing not visible; tightly rebound over
   19th-cent. pasteboards, reusing panels of 16th-cent. brown leather with
   gilt tooling à la fanfare, Paris c. 1580-90, the centre of each
   cover inlaid with a 17th-cent. oval medallion of red morocco tooled in
   gilt (perhaps replacing the identifying mark of a previous owner); the
   spine similarly tooled, without raised bands or title-piece; coloured
   endbands; the edges of the leaves and boards gilt.Boxed.</p>
</bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Décor mosaïqué, avec formes géométriques à répétition</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> citron</p>
  <decoNote type="plats">à décor mosaïqué dit à répétition, dont l’effet de dallage est
     obtenu par des pièces polylobées de maroquin noir, ornée chacune d’une composition de
     petits fers plein or, cantonnées de petits disques de maroquin rouge ponctué chacun
     d’un cercle plein or, le tout serti de filets dorés courbes.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 5 nerfs à décor analogue (pièce polylobée de maroquin noir
     avec composition identique, cantonnée de quatre disques rouges, ponctués du même
     cercle plein or) ; filets dorés sur les nerfs ; pièce de titre rouge dans le 2e
     caisson, soulignée de deux lignes de points dorés identiques à celle portée en tête et
     queue du dos, sur une bande de maroquin noir.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples droites, tricolores (noir, bleu et
     rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes dorées, proposant en alternance un filet simple et une
     succession de traits obliques.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes">Signet de soie rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées sur marbrure à motif caillouté, dans les tons
     bleu et rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées d’une roulette à motif de zigzag.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier plein or et gardes blanches (1 + 1), sans
     filigrane.<watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition/>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <p>內外兩層經板將經葉含夾以後，以絲質經索綑紮，並附上白色哈達，然後以黃綾經衣包裹，就成了完整一函的經篋。</p>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>Contemporary blind stamped leather over wooden boards with evidence of a fore edge clasp
   closing to the back cover.</p>
</binding>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>
  <index indexName="typo_reliure">
   <term>Reliure à la grecque, sur ais</term>
  </index>
  <index indexName="typo_decor">
   <term>Décor de rinceaux</term>
  </index> Reliure à la grecque en <material>maroquin</material> orange</p>
 <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes de Henri II dorées sur une pièce de maroquin olive
   découpée à la forme exacte des armes (104 mm), mosaïquée dans un rectangle central aux
   angles orné d'un léger motif de rinceaux peints en noir, le tout encadré d'une large
   bordure mosaïquée de maroquin rouge, à plein décor de rinceaux dorés (incluant un
   croissant dans les angles) dessinés en réserve sur un fond pointillé doré.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Au plat supérieur, titre <q>i • schonerii • opera •</q> doré
   au-dessus du bloc armorial.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos long à décor analogue avec pièces losangées de maroquin rouge et
   brun mosaïquées, respectivement au centre et aux deux extrémités du dos, ornées d'un
   décor de rinceaux doré en réserve sur un fond doré pointillé, avec fer azuré au chapeau
   à chaque extrémité ; chaque pièce de maroquin est redessinée par un encadrement argenté,
   lui-même complété de rinceaux sur les côtés et relevé par des traits tracés de plume à
   effet de rayures.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles doubles bicolores : points droits sur chevrons,
   bleus et jaunes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Chants des ais rainurés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes">Traces de petits boulons aux angles du rectangle intérieur ;
   traces des quatre lanières tressées d'origine sur les deux plats ; pas de traces de
   sabots.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées, ciselées et peintes (teinte rosée), à décor de
   rinceaux incluant des éléments de l'héraldique royale : triple croissant en tête, grand
   H couronné associé à un croissant en gouttière, chiffre HH en queue.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Absence de chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure"/>
 <condition/>
</binding>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Compartiments espacés</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> rouge sombre</p>
  <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes du chancelier Pierre Séguier, à décor de compartiments
     complétés de fers filigranés, parmi lesquels un fer à la petite tête (type B).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 6 nerfs, à décor filigrané analogue ; palette ornée sur les
     nerfs et en tête et queue du dos ; titrage dans le 2e caisson.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles à chapiteau tricolore (bleu, blanc et rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes ornées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes"/>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats">Contregardes en papier marbré à petit peigne, dans les tons
     bleu, blanc, jaune, rouge et blanc.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">
   <watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition>Quelques taches sombres
<!--surla --> sur le plat supérieur et larges
     éraflures du cuir au plat inférieur. Restauration en queue du mors inférieur (bande de
     cuir).</condition>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>使用與內容物同時代的皮革包覆木版，背面有以前緣扣子扣住的跡象。</p>
</binding>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p> 使用與書寫的貝葉非同時代的樹條捆住</p>
 </binding>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>以十九世紀的不知名棉繩重綁；裁切邊緣並鍍金</p>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>Quarter bound by the Phillipps' binder, Bretherton, with his sticker on the front
     pastedown.</p>
 </binding>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>Rebound by an unknown 19th c. company; edges cropped and gilt.</p>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<sealDesc>

<sealDesc>
 <seal type="pendant" contemporary="true">
  <p>Green wax vertical oval seal attached at base.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

<sealDesc>

<sealDesc>
 <p>Parchment strip for seal in place; seal missing.</p>
</sealDesc>

<seal>

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax.
   (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S IOHANNES OLAVI</q>.
   Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

<seal>

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax. (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S
     IOHANNES OLAVI</q>. Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

<seal>

<seal>
 <p>清<name>乾隆</name>皇帝的「古稀天子之寶」玉璽，是選用整塊碧玉琢製而成，印面以正方形，雙龍鈕繫黃條，印面琢三行六字篆書，為乾隆年登70歲之印。</p>
</seal>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>Durham</origPlace> during <origDate notBefore="1125"
    notAfter="1175">the mid-twelfth
       century</origDate>.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval catalogues of the books belonging to
  <name type="org">Durham Priory</name>, made in <date>1391</date> and
  <date>1405</date>.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to <name type="person">W. Olleyf</name> by <name type="person">William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)</name> and later belonged to
  <name type="person">Henry Dalton</name>, Prior of Holy Island (<name type="place">Lindisfarne</name>) according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to <name type="org">Trinity College</name> in
  <date>1738</date> by <name type="person">Thomas Gale</name> and his son <name type="person">Roger</name>.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<history>

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in Durham during the mid twelfth
     century.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval
     catalogues of the books belonging to Durham Priory, made in 1391 and
     1405.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to W. Olleyf by William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)
     and later belonged to Henry Dalton, Prior of Holy Island (Lindisfarne)
     according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to Trinity College in 1738 by
     Thomas Gale and his son Roger.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<history>

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>最早由迦葉尊者以梵文手寫。</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>後由菩提達摩傳給慧思禪師，再經由小野妹子於推古天皇十七年（西元609年）傳入日本。</p>
  <p>淨嚴和尚於1694年以梵文悉曇體手寫抄錄。</p>
  <p>穆勒（Max Muller）於1884年轉寫成天城體及羅馬拼音，傳至歐美國家。</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>現收藏於東京博物館。</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- record history here -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- custodial history here -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- information about surrogates here -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- full bibliography here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- 檔案歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- 保管歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- 代用品資訊 -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- 完整參考書目 -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<source>
 <p>Directly catalogued from the original manuscript.</p>
</source>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
    <title>The index of Middle English
         verse</title>
    <biblScope>123</biblScope>
   </bibl>.</p>
 </source>
</recordHist>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.1.2. Availability and Custodial History

<availability>
 <p>Viewed by appointment only, to be arranged with curator.</p>
</availability>
<availability>
 <p>In conservation, Jan. - Mar., 2002. On loan to the Bayerische
   Staatsbibliothek, April - July, 2002.</p>
</availability>
<availability>
 <p>The manuscript is in poor condition, due to many of the leaves being brittle
   and fragile and the poor quality of a number of earlier repairs; it should
   therefore not be used or lent out until it has been conserved.</p>
</availability>

11.9.1.2. Availability and Custodial History

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03-01" notAfter="1963-02-28">
  <p>Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at Birgitte Dalls
     Konserveringsværksted.</p>
 </custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">
  <p>Photographed in May 1988 by AMI/FA.</p>
 </custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">
  <p>Dispatched to Iceland 13 November 1989.</p>
 </custEvent>
</custodialHist>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Record created <date>1 Aug 2004</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>Until 2015 permission to photocopy some materials from this
     collection has been limited at the request of the donor. Please ask repository staff for details
     if you are interested in obtaining photocopies from Series 1:
     Correspondence.</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>Collection donated to the Manuscript Library by the Estate of
     Edgar Holden in 1993. Donor number: 1993-034.</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>紀錄建立於<date>2004年8月1日</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>2015年以前，非經贈與此書者同意，不得翻印。若對內容有興趣，請洽藏書單位。</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>此收藏1993年捐贈於故宮博物院。贈與編號：1993-034。</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research
     by P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor)
   checked examples against DTD version 3.6
 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#fr_IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research by
     P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor) checked examples against DTD version
   3.6 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>源自<ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref>及P.M.W.羅賓森的附加研究。</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (編輯) 檢查不符DTD 3.6版本的範例</change>
</recordHist>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <p>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
   <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>May 1984</date>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
   <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>1972</date>
  </bibl>
 </p>
</surrogates>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<correction>
 <p>The following codes are used to categorize corrections identified in this
   transcription: <list type="gloss">
   <label>graphSubs</label>
   <item>Substitution of a more familiar word which resembles graphically
       what the scribe should be copying but which does not make sense in the
       context.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</correction>

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <pb n="5r"/>
 <damageSpan agent="rubbing"
  extent="whole leaf" spanTo="#damageEnd"/>
</p>
<p> [...] </p>
<p> [...] <pb n="5v" xml:id="damageEnd"/>
</p>

<damageSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially damaged. This is the undamaged
portion <damageSpan spanTo="#a34"/>and this the damaged
portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>This paragraph is entirely damaged.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially damaged; in the middle of this
paragraph the damage ends and the anchor point marks
the start of the <anchor xml:id="a34"/> undamaged part of the text. ...</p>

<damageSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially damaged. This is the undamaged portion <damageSpan spanTo="#fr_a34"/>and
this the damaged portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>This paragraph is entirely damaged.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially damaged; in the middle of this paragraph the damage ends and the
anchor point marks the start of the <anchor xml:id="fr_a34"/> undamaged part of the text.
...</p>

<damageSpan>

<p>此段部份毀損。這裡是完好的部份，<damageSpan spanTo="#zh-tw_a34"/>而此為毀損的部份。</p>
<p>此段全部毀損。</p>
<p>段落有部份毀損，損壞處止於段落的中間，以屬性anchor標示<anchor xml:id="zh-tw_a34"/>未損內文的重新出現處。</p>

<delSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially deleted. This is the undeleted
portion <delSpan spanTo="#a23"/>and this the deleted
portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph deleted together with adjacent material.</p>
<p>Second fully deleted paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially deleted; in the middle of this
paragraph the deletion ends and the anchor point marks
the resumption <anchor xml:id="a23"/> of the text. ...</p>

<delSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially deleted. This is the undeleted portion <delSpan spanTo="#fr_a23"/>and
this the deleted portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph deleted together with adjacent material.</p>
<p>Second fully deleted paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially deleted; in the middle of this paragraph the deletion ends and the
anchor point marks the resumption <anchor xml:id="fr_a23"/> of the text. ...</p>

<delSpan>

<p>此段部份刪除。這裡是保留的， <delSpan spanTo="#zh-tw_a23"/>而此為刪除的部份。</p>
<p>此段落以及與它相關的資料一同被刪除。</p>
<p>第二個完全刪除的段落。</p>
<p>段落有部份被刪除，刪去處止於段落的中間，以屬性anchor標示 <anchor xml:id="zh-tw_a23"/>內文重新出現的位置。</p>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<roleName>

<p>The <roleName role="solicitor_general">S.G.</roleName> is the only national public official,
including the Supreme Court justices, required by statute to be “learned in the law.”</p>

<roleName>

<p>
 <persName ref="#NJF">
  <roleName role="solicitor_general">Solicitor General</roleName> Noel J. Francisco</persName>,
representing the administration, asserted in rebuttal that there was nothing to disavow (...)
<persName ref="#NJF">Francisco</persName> had violated the scrupulous standard of candor about the facts and
the law that <roleName role="solicitor_general">S.G.s</roleName>, in Republican and Democratic administrations
alike, have repeatedly said they must honor.
</p>

14.2.4. Event Names

<p>On <date when="1719-03-19">Monday</date>, <rs type="person">she</rs> was writing about the
<eventName ref="#SecondDefPrague">1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName> which initiated the
<rs type="event" ref="#ThirtyYearsWar">long war</rs>.</p>

<eventName>

<p>Mit dem <eventName ref="#UeberfallAufPolen">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
begann der <eventName>Zweite Weltkrieg</eventName>, der in manchen Nachfolgestaaten
der <placeName>Sowjetunion</placeName> auch als <eventName>Großer Vaterländischer Krieg</eventName>
(<eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>) bekannt ist.</p>

<eventName>

<p>On <date when="1719-03-19">Monday</date>, <rs type="person">she</rs> was writing about the
<eventName ref="#SecondDefPrague">1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName> which initiated the
<rs type="event" ref="#ThirtyYearsWar">long war</rs>.</p>

14.2.5. Object Names

<p>The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#AlfredJewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.</p>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<langKnowledge tags="ff fr wo en">
 <p>Speaks fluent Fulani, Wolof, and French. Some knowledge of
   English.</p>
</langKnowledge>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>Miss Major</forename>
  <surname>Griffin-Gracy</surname>
 </persName>
 <birth when="1940-10-25"/>
 <gender value="transWoman"
  evidence="selfIdentification">trans woman</gender>
 <persPronouns value="she"
  evidence="selfIdentification"/>
 <note>
  <p>Veteran of the Stonewall Riots. Founder of the
     Griffin-Gracy Educational Retreat and Historical
     Center (the House of GG). Activist and advocate for
     transgender and gender-nonconforming people of
     color.</p>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<state type="office" from="1777-04-07"
 to="1780-07-12">
 <p>Jón's first living — which he apparently accepted rather reluctantly — was at <name type="place">Háls í
     Hamarsfirði</name>, <name type="place">Múlasýsla</name>, to which he was presented on 7 April 1777. He was
   ordained the following month and spent three years at Háls, but was never happy there, due largely to the general
   penury in which he was forced to live — a recurrent theme throughout the early part of his life. In June of 1780
   the bishop recommended that Jón should <q xml:lang="da">promoveres til andet bedre kald, end det hand hidindtil
     har havt</q>, and on 12 July it was agreed that he should exchange livings with <name type="person"
   ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:ThorJon">sr. Þórður Jónsson</name> at <name type="place">Kálfafell á Síðu</name>,
 <name type="place">Skaftafellssýsla</name>.</p>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.15, p. 733.</bibl>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.17, p.
   102.</bibl>
</state>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<event type="birth" resp="#XYZ" cert="high">
 <p>Born in <name type="place">Brixton</name> on 8 January
   1947.</p>
</event>
<event type="birth" resp="#ABC" cert="low">
 <p>Born in <name type="place">Berkhamsted</name> on 9 January
   1947.</p>
</event>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<p>The TEI institutional hosts are: <listOrg>
  <org xml:id="bu">
   <orgName>Brown University</orgName>
   <desc>The host contribution is made jointly by the <name type="project">Brown University Women Writers
         Project</name> and the <orgName>Brown University Library's Center for Digital Initiatives</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="na">
   <orgName>Nancy</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by a group of institutions located in Nancy, France, coordinated by
   <orgName>Loria</orgName> and also including <orgName>ATILF</orgName> and <orgName>INIST</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="ou">
   <orgName>Oxford University</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by the <orgName>Research Technologies Service</orgName> at <orgName>Oxford University
         Computing Services</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="uv">
   <orgName>University of Virginia</orgName>
   <desc>Virginia's host support comes jointly from the <orgName>Institute for Advanced Technology in the
         Humanities</orgName> and the <orgName>University of Virginia Library</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
 </listOrg>
</p>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge tags="en-GB fr">
 <p>British English and French</p>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge tags="en-GB fr">
 <p>Anglais britannique et français</p>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge tags="en-GB fr">
 <p>英式英文與法文</p>
</langKnowledge>

<listRelation>

<listRelation>
 <p>Tous les locuteurs sont membres de la famille Ceruli, et sont nés à Naples.</p>
</listRelation>

<listRelation>

<listRelation>
 <p>所有說話者都是林家的人，生於台北板橋。</p>
</listRelation>

<listRelation>

<listRelation>
 <p>All speakers are members of the Ceruli family, born in Naples.</p>
</listRelation>

<person>

<person sex="F" age="adult">
 <p>Female respondent, well-educated, born in Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently. Socio-Economic
   status B2.</p>
</person>

<person>

<person sex="F" age="adult">
 <p>Personne interrogée, de sexe féminin, instruite, née à Shropshire, au ROYAUME-UNI le 12
   Janvier 1950, d'occupation inconnue. Parle le français couramment. Statut
   socio-économique B2.</p>
</person>

<person>

<person sex="F" age="adult">
 <p>女性被告。1950年1月12日生於西藏，受過良好教育，職業不明。能說流利漢語，中產階級。</p>
</person>

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-shortIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName>Excalibur</objectName>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur.</p>
</object>

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-longerIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the main English name for the legendary
   sword of King Arthur. In Welsh it is called
 <mentioned>Caledfwlch</mentioned>, in Cornish it is called
 <mentioned>Calesvol</mentioned>, in Breton it is called
 <mentioned>Kaledvoulc'h</mentioned>, and in Latin it is
   called <mentioned>Caliburnus</mentioned>. In some versions
   of the legend, Excalibur’s blade was engraved with phrases on opposite
   sides: <q>Take me up</q> and <q>Cast me away</q> (or similar).</p>
</object>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<objectName>

<p>
The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#AlfredJewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<object xml:id="Excalibur-MultipleNames">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur, in Welsh it is called Caledfwlch,
   in Cornish it is called Calesvol, in Breton it is called Kaledvoulc'h, and in Latin it is called Caliburnus.
   In some versions Excalibur's blade was engraved with phrases on opposite sides which in translation read:
   "Take me up" and "Cast me away" (or similar).</p>
</object>

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

<calendarDesc>
 <calendar xml:id="Julian_England">
  <p>The Julian calendar, as used in England until 1752.</p>
 </calendar>
</calendarDesc>

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

<p>The Poole by S. <hi>Giles</hi> Churchyarde was a large water in the yeare <date calendar="#Julian_England">1244</date>.</p>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions

<p>Achilles runs ten times faster than the tortoise and gives the
animal a headstart of ten meters. Achilles runs those ten meters, the
tortoise one; Achilles runs that meter, the tortoise runs a decimeter;
Achilles runs that decimeter, the tortoise runs a centimeter; Achilles
runs that centimeter, the tortoise, a millimeter; Fleet-footed
Achilles, the millimeter, the tortoise, a tenth of a millimeter, and
so on to infinity, without the tortoise ever being overtaken. . . Such
is the customary version.
<!-- ... --> The problem does not change, as
you can see; but I would like to know the name of the poet who
provided it with a hero and a tortoise. To those magical competitors
and to the series <formula notation="TeX">$$ {1 \over 10} + {1 \over
   100} + {1 \over 1000} + {1 \over 10,\!000} + \dots $$</formula> the
argument owes its fame.</p>

15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions

<p>The volume of a sphere
is given by the formula: <formula xml:id="f12" n="12" rend="inline">
  <m:math>
   <m:mi>V</m:mi>
   <m:mo>=</m:mo>
   <m:mfrac>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>4</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>3</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
   </m:mfrac>
   <m:mi>π</m:mi>
   <m:msup>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mi>r</m:mi>
    </m:mrow>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>3</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
   </m:msup>
  </m:math>
 </formula> which is readily calculated.</p>
<p>As we have seen in equation <ptr target="#f12"/>, ... </p>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<div n="67">
 <p> We now give some examples, from the works of the great masters, of
   some of the most frequently used bowings. </p>
 <figure n="Ex. 3">
  <head>SCHUBERT: Symphony in B minor.</head>
  <notatedMusic>
   <ptr target="example_schubert.xml"/>
  </notatedMusic>
 </figure>
</div>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="pullman.png"/>
 <head>Above:</head>
 <p>The drawing room of the Pullman house, the white and gold saloon
   where the magnate delighted in giving receptions for several hundred
   people.</p>
 <figDesc>The figure shows an elaborately decorated room, at least
   twenty-five feet side to side and fifty feet long, with ornate
   mouldings and Corinthian columns on the walls, overstuffed armchairs
   and loveseats arranged in several conversational groupings, and two
   large chandeliers.</figDesc>
</figure>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<settingDesc>

<settingDesc>
 <p>Texts recorded in the
   Canadian Parliament building in Ottawa, between April and November 1988 </p>
</settingDesc>

<settingDesc>

<settingDesc>
 <p>Pierre Mendès France,
   Entretiens avec Jean Lacouture (1980-1981 )</p>
</settingDesc>

<settingDesc>

<settingDesc>
 <p>文本錄於渥太華的加拿大國會大廈，介於1988年4月至11月間</p>
</settingDesc>

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<particDesc xml:id="p2">
 <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in Shropshire UK, 12 Jan
   1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
   Socio-Economic status B2 in the PEP classification scheme.</p>
</particDesc>

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<particDesc>
 <p>The chief speaking characters in this novel are
 <list>
   <item xml:id="EMWOO">
    <name>Emma Woodhouse</name>
   </item>
   <item xml:id="DARCY">
    <name>Mr Darcy</name>
   </item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</particDesc>

16.2.3. The Setting Description

<settingDesc>
 <p>The time is early spring, 1989. P1 and P2 are playing on the rug
   of a suburban home in Bedford. P3 is doing the washing up at the
   sink. P4 (a radio announcer) is in a broadcasting studio in
   London.</p>
</settingDesc>

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<editorialDecl>
 <correction xml:id="CorPol1"
  default="true">
  <p> ... </p>
 </correction>
 <correction xml:id="CorPol2">
  <p> ... </p>
 </correction>
 <normalization xml:id="n1">
  <p> ... </p>
  <p> ... </p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<encodingDesc>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED1" default="true">
  <correction xml:id="C1A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C1B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N1">
   <p> ... </p>
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
 <editorialDecl xml:id="ED2">
  <correction xml:id="C2A" default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <correction xml:id="C2B">
   <p> ... </p>
  </correction>
  <normalization xml:id="N2A">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
  <normalization xml:id="N2B"
   default="true">
   <p> ... </p>
  </normalization>
 </editorialDecl>
</encodingDesc>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#CCS1 #SW1"/>
 <link target="#CCS2 #SW2"/>
 <link target="#CCS #SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="SW" xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#fr_CCS1 #fr_SW1"/>
 <link target="#fr_CCS2 #fr_SW2"/>
 <link target="#fr_CCS #fr_SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="fr_CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="fr_CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="fr_CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que
     je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="fr_SW"
 xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="fr_SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="fr_SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly
     that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
</div>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS1 #zh-tw_SW1"/>
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS2 #zh-tw_SW2"/>
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS #zh-tw_SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="zh-tw_CCS">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_CCS1">床前明月光，疑似地上霜；</s>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_CCS2">舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉。</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="zh-tw_SW">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_SW1">月光照的床前一片潔白，看起來像是地上結滿的白霜；</s>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_SW2">抬起頭來，望著明月，低下頭來，思念起故鄉。</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

<div type="chap"
 xml:base="http://classics.mit.edu/">
 <head>On Ancient Persian Manners</head>
 <p>In the very first story of <ref target="Sadi/gulistan.2.i.html">
   <title>The Gulistan of
       Sa'di</title>
  </ref>,
   Sa'di relates moral advice worthy of Miss Minners ...</p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.2.2. Pointing Locally

<div type="section" xml:id="sect106">
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="section" n="107" xml:id="sect107">
 <head>Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use</head>
 <p>Notwithstanding the provisions of
 <ref target="#sect106">section 106</ref>, the fair use of a
   copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies
   or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section,
   for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting,
   teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use),
   scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.
   In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular
   case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall
   include — 
 <list rend="bulleted">
   <item n="(1)">the purpose and character of the use, including
       whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit
       educational purposes;</item>
   <item n="(2)">the nature of the copyrighted work;</item>
   <item n="(3)">the amount and substantiality of the portion
       used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole;
       and</item>
   <item n="(4)">the effect of the use upon the potential market
       for or value of the copyrighted work.</item>
  </list>
   The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a
   finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration
   of all the above factors.</p>
</div>

17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
  replacementPattern="../../references/people/personography.xml#$1">
  <p> In the context of this project, private URIs with the prefix
     "psn" point to <gi>person</gi> elements in the project's
     personography.xml file.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

<prefixDef ident="psn"
 matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
 replacementPattern="http://www.example.com/personography.html#$1">
 <p> Private URIs with the prefix "psn" can be converted to point
   to a fragment on the Personography page of the project Website.
 </p>
</prefixDef>

17.2.5. Canonical References

<refsDecl xml:id="biblical">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+):(.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[@n='$2']/div[@n='$3]')">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references the <q>book,</q>
   <q>chapter,</q> and <q>verse</q> parts of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[$2])">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references the <q>book</q> and
  <q>chapter</q> parts of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1'])">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references just the <q>book</q>
     part of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

17.2.5.2. Complete and Partial URI Examples

<refsDecl xml:id="USC">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Cc](h(\.|ap(ter|\.)?)?)?\s*([1-9][0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1C$5.txt">
  <p>Matches most standard references to particular
     chapters of the United States Code, e.g.
  <val>11USCC7</val>, <val>17 U.S.C. Chapter 3</val>, or
  <val>14 USC Ch. 5</val>. Note that a leading zero is
     required for the title (must be two digits), but is not
     permitted for the chapter number.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Pp](re(lim(inary)?)?)?\s*[Mm](at(erial)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1T.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the preliminary material for a
     given title, e.g. <val>11USCP</val>, <val>17 U.S.C.
       Prelim Mat</val>, or <val>14 USC pm</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Aa](ppend(ix)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1A.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the appendix of a given tile,
     e.g. <val>05USCA</val>, <val>11 U.S.C. Appendix</val>,
     or <val>18 USC Append</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>The example in section 10 is taken
from <ref cRef="17 USC Ch 1">Subject Matter and Scope of
   Copyright</ref>.</p>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>Das Erste Buch Mose.</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <p>
   <seg n="1">Am Anfang schuff Gott Himel vnd Erden.</seg>
   <seg n="2">Vnd die Erde war wüst vnd leer / vnd es war
       finster auff der Tieffe / Vnd der Geist Gottes schwebet auff
       dem Wasser.</seg>
  </p>
  <p>
   <seg n="3">Vnd Gott sprach / Es werde Liecht / Vnd es ward
       Liecht.</seg>
  </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:lang="en" type="subsection">
 <p>
  <anchor corresp="#fa1" xml:id="ea1"/>According to our survey, 1988
   sales of mineral water and soft drinks were much higher than in 1987,
   reflecting the growing popularity of these products. Cola drink
   manufacturers in particular achieved above-average growth rates.
 <anchor corresp="#fa2" xml:id="ea2"/>The higher turnover was largely
   due to an increase in the sales volume.
 <anchor corresp="#fa3" xml:id="ea3"/>Employment and investment levels also climbed.
 <anchor corresp="#fa4" xml:id="ea4"/>Following a two-year transitional period,
   the new Foodstuffs Ordinance for Mineral Water came into effect on
   April 1, 1988. Specifically, it contains more stringent requirements
   regarding quality consistency and purity guarantees.</p>
</div>
<div xml:lang="fr" type="subsection">
 <p>
  <anchor corresp="#ea1" xml:id="fa1"/>Quant aux eaux minérales
   et aux limonades, elles rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes. En effet,
   notre sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement supérieures
   à celles de 1987, pour les boissons à base de cola
   notamment. <anchor corresp="#ea2" xml:id="fa2"/>La progression des
   chiffres d'affaires résulte en grande partie de l'accroissement
   du volume des ventes. <anchor corresp="#ea3" xml:id="fa3"/>L'emploi et
   les investissements ont également augmenté.
 <anchor corresp="#ea4" xml:id="fa4"/>La nouvelle ordonnance fédérale
   sur les denrées alimentaires concernant entre autres les eaux
   minérales, entrée en vigueur le 1er avril 1988 après
   une période transitoire de deux ans, exige surtout une plus
   grande constance dans la qualité et une garantie de la
   pureté.</p>
</div>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:id="div-e" xml:lang="en"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e_1">According to our survey, 1988 sales of mineral
     water and soft drinks were much higher than in 1987,
     reflecting the growing popularity of these products. Cola
     drink manufacturers in particular achieved above-average
     growth rates.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_2">The higher turnover was largely due to an
     increase in the sales volume.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_3">Employment and investment levels also climbed.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_4">Following a two-year transitional period, the new
     Foodstuffs Ordinance for Mineral Water came into effect on
     April 1, 1988. Specifically, it contains more stringent
     requirements regarding quality consistency and purity
     guarantees.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="div-f" xml:lang="fr"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="f_1">Quant aux eaux minérales et aux limonades,
     elles rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes. En effet, notre
     sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement
     supérieures à celles de 1987, pour les
     boissons à base de cola notamment.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_2">La progression des chiffres d'affaires
     résulte en grande partie de l'accroissement du volume
     des ventes.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_3">L'emploi et les investissements ont
     également augmenté.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_4">La nouvelle ordonnance fédérale sur
     les denrées alimentaires concernant entre autres les
     eaux minérales, entrée en vigueur le 1er avril
     1988 après une période transitoire de deux
     ans, exige surtout une plus grande constance dans la
     qualité et une garantie de la pureté.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<linkGrp type="alignment"
 domains="#div-e #div-f">
 <link target="#e_1 #f_1"/>
 <link target="#e_2 #f_2"/>
 <link target="#e_3 #f_3"/>
 <link target="#e_4 #f_4"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<div xml:id="e98" xml:lang="en"
 type="lesson">
 <head>The Study</head>
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e9801">The Study</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9802">is a place</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9803">where a Student,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9804">a part from men,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9805">sitteth alone,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9806">addicted to his Studies,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9807">whilst he readeth</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9808">Books,</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="l98" xml:lang="la"
 type="lesson">
 <head>Muséum</head>
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="l9801">Museum</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9802">est locus</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9803">ubi Studiosus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9804">secretus ab hominibus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9805">solus sedet,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9806">Studiis deditus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9807">dum lectitat</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9808">Libros,</seg>
 </p>
</div>

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

<p>In small clumsy letters he wrote:
<q rend="centered italic">
  <date xml:id="d840404">April 4th,
     1984</date>.</q>
</p>
<p>He sat back. A sense of complete helplessness had
descended upon him. ...</p>
<p>His small but childish handwriting straggled up
and down the page, shedding first its capital letters
and finally even its full stops:
<q rend="italic">
  <date>April 4th, 1984</date>.
   Last night to the flicks. ... </q>
</p>

17.7. Aggregation

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go?
 <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog-L2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-L1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>...
  <l xml:id="frog-L3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog-L1 #frog-L2 #frog-L3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

17.7. Aggregation

<text xml:id="zuitxt">
 <body>
  <p>
   <name xml:id="zuigan">Zui-Gan</name> called out to himself every day,
  <q next="#zuiq2" xml:id="zuiq1"
    who="#zuigan">
    <name xml:id="master">Master</name>.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Then he answered himself,
  <q next="#zuiq4" xml:id="zuiq2"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>And then he added,
  <q next="#zuiq5" xml:id="zuiq3"
    who="#master">Become sober.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Again he answered,
  <q next="#zuiq7" xml:id="zuiq4"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q next="#zuiq6" xml:id="zuiq5"
    who="#master">And after that,</q>
     he continued,
  <q xml:id="zuiq6" who="#master">do not be deceived by others.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q xml:id="zuiq7" who="#zuigan">Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q>
     he replied.</p>
 </body>
</text>

17.7. Aggregation

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog_l1 #frog_l2 #frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="fr_frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#fr_frog_l1 #fr_frog_l2 #fr_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="fr_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="fr_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="fr_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as
borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="fr_LST1"
 target="#fr_LP1 #fr_LP2 #fr_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>休</speaker>
 <p>怎麼樣了？<q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_x1">呱、呱、呱</l>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l2">有新來的青蛙</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>路易</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l1">以前的池塘</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>迪威</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l3">有新的池塘</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#zh-tw_frog_l1 #zh-tw_frog_l2 #zh-tw_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<p>台灣譯為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>艾蜜莉的異想世界</s>
  </item>
 </list> ；香港譯作<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>天使愛美麗</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<p>中國大陸則名為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>阿梅麗的奇妙命運</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="zh-tw_LST1"
 target="#zh-tw_LP1 #zh-tw_LP2 #zh-tw_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>電影Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain的中港台譯名</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="LST1"
 target="#LP1 #LP2 #LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

17.9.3. Stand-off Markup in TEI

<body>
 <p xml:id="par1">home, <emph>home</emph> on Brokeback Mountain.</p>
 <p xml:id="par2">That was the <emph>song</emph> that I sang</p>
</body>

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

att.global.linking

<group>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t1" xml:lang="mi">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>He Whakamaramatanga mo te Ture Hoko, Riihi hoki, i nga Whenua Maori, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t2" xml:lang="en">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t2-body1"
   corresp="#t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>An Act to regulate the Sale, Letting, and Disposal of Native Lands, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</group>

att.global.linking

<!-- In a placeography called "places.xml" --><place xml:id="LOND1"
 corresp="people.xml#LOND2 people.xml#GENI1">
 <placeName>London</placeName>
 <desc>The city of London...</desc>
</place>
<!-- In a literary personography called "people.xml" -->
<person xml:id="LOND2"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #GENI1">
 <persName type="lit">London</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Allegorical character representing the city of <placeName ref="places.xml#LOND1">London</placeName>.</p>
 </note>
</person>
<person xml:id="GENI1"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #LOND2">
 <persName type="lit">London’s Genius</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Personification of London’s genius. Appears as an
     allegorical character in mayoral shows.
  </p>
 </note>
</person>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.1. Words and Above

<p>
 <s>Nineteen fifty-four, when I was eighteen years old,
   is held to be a crucial turning point in the history of
   the Afro-American — for the U.S.A. as a whole — the
   year segregation was outlawed by the U.S. Supreme Court.</s>
 <s>It was also a crucial year for me because on June 18,
   1954, I began serving a sentence in state prison for
   possession of marijuana.</s>
</p>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<p>
 <s>
  <cl>It was about the beginning of September, 1664,
  <cl>that I, among the rest of my neighbours,
       heard in ordinary discourse
   <cl>that the plague was returned again to Holland; </cl>
   </cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>for it had been very violent there, and particularly at
     Amsterdam and Rotterdam, in the year 1663, </cl>
  <cl>whither, <cl>they say,</cl> it was brought,
  <cl>some said</cl> from Italy, others from the Levant, among some goods
  <cl>which were brought home by their Turkey fleet;</cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>others said it was brought from Candia;
     others from Cyprus. </cl>
 </s>
 <s>
  <cl>It mattered not <cl>from whence it came;</cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>but all agreed <cl>it was come into Holland again.</cl>
  </cl>
 </s>
</p>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<p>
 <s>
  <cl type="finite-declarative"
   function="independent">
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">Nineteen fifty-four,
   <cl type="finite-relative-declarative"
     function="appositive">when <phr type="NP" function="subject">I</phr>
     <phr type="VP" function="predicate">was eighteen years old</phr>
    </cl>
   </phr>,
  <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
    <phr type="V" function="verb-main">is held</phr>
    <phr type="NP" function="complement">
     <cl type="nonfinite"
      function="predicate-nom.">
      <phr type="V" function="copula">to be</phr>
      <phr type="NP"
       function="predicate-nom.">a crucial turning point
      <phr type="PP"
        function="postmodifier">in
       <phr type="NP" function="prep.obj.">the history
        <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">of the Afro-American</phr>
        </phr>
       </phr>
             —
      <phr type="PP"
        function="postmodifier-appositive">for
       <phr type="NP" function="prep.obj.">the U.S.A.
        <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">as a whole</phr>
        </phr>
       </phr>
      </phr>
           —
     <phr type="NP"
       function="appositive-predicate-nom.">the year
      <cl type="finite-relative"
        function="adjectival">
        <phr type="NP" function="subject">segregation</phr>
        <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
         <phr type="V" function="verb-main">was outlawed</phr>
         <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">by the U.S. Supreme Court</phr>
        </phr>
       </cl>
      </phr>
     </cl>
    </phr>
   </phr>.</cl>
 </s>
 <s>
  <cl type="finite-declarative"
   function="independent">
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">It</phr>
   <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
    <phr type="V" function="verb-main">was</phr>
       also
   <phr type="NP"
     function="predicate-nom.">a crucial year for me</phr>
   </phr>
   <cl type="declarative-finite"
    function="dependent-causative">because
   <phr type="PP"
     function="sentence_adverb">on June 18, 1954</phr>,
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">I</phr>
    <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
     <phr type="V" function="verb-main">began serving</phr>
     <phr type="NP" function="complement">a sentence in state prison
     <phr type="PP" function="complement">for possession of marijuana</phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
   </cl>
  </cl>
 </s>.
</p>

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<p>
 <pc unit="para" force="strong" pre="true">¶</pc>Incipit...
</p>

att.linguistic

<p>
 <w pos="PPIS2">We</w>
 <w pos="VBR">'re</w>
 <w pos="VVG">going</w>
 <w pos="II">on</w>
 <w pos="NN1">vacation</w>
 <w pos="II">to</w>
 <w pos="NP1">Brazil</w>
 <w pos="IF">for</w>
 <w pos="AT1">a</w>
 <w pos="NNT1">month</w>
 <pc pos="!">!</pc>
</p>

att.linguistic

<p>
 <w pos="PNP">We</w>
 <w pos="VBB" join="left">'re</w>
 <w pos="VVG">going</w>
 <w pos="PRP">on</w>
 <w pos="NN1">vacation</w>
 <pc pos="PUN" join="left">.</pc>
</p>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="MaQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point at which the
   thing began.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable,
   and nothing could have frightened it away.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration, during which she,
   and the little animals, and the moving grasses, and the sun-warmed
   trees, and the slopes of shivering silvery mealies, and the great
   dome of blue light overhead, and the stones of earth under her feet,
   became one, shuddering together in a dissolution of dancing
   atoms.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground forcing
   themselves painfully along her veins, swelling them out in an
   unbearable pressure; her flesh was the earth, and suffered growth
   like a ferment; and her eyes stared, fixed like the eye of the
   sun.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer (if the terms for time
   apply) could she have borne it; but then, with a sudden movement
   forwards and out, the whole process stopped; and <emph rend="italic">that</emph> was <soCalled rend="dquo">the
     moment</soCalled> which it was impossible to remember
   afterwards.</s>
 <span from="#MaQp1s2p114s3"
  to="#MaQp1s2p114s5">the moment</span>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time (which was
   timeless) she understood quite finally her smallness, the
   unimportance of humanity.</s>
</p>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="P1">
 <s xml:id="S1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
 <s xml:id="S2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
 <s xml:id="S3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ...</s>
 <s xml:id="S4A">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="S4B">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
 <s xml:id="S7">She took poison ... and brought it to Sinfiotli.</s>
 <s xml:id="S17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 <anchor xml:id="EOS17"/>
</p>
<p xml:id="P2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="P3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="P4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<spanGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="narrative-structure">
 <span from="#S1" to="#S3">introduction</span>
 <span from="#S4A">conflict</span>
 <span from="#S4B">climax</span>
 <span from="#S5" to="#S17">revenge</span>
 <span from="#EOS17">reconciliation</span>
 <span from="#P2" to="#P4">aftermath</span>
</spanGrp>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="MarQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point ... </s>
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable ... </s>
 <seg xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s3-5"
  ana="#moment">
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration ... </s>
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground ... </s>
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time ... </s>
</p>
<interp xml:id="moment">the moment</interp>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="PP1">
 <seg xml:id="SS1-SS3" ana="#INTRO">
  <s xml:id="SS1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="SS4A" ana="#CONFLICT">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="SS4B" ana="#CLIMAX">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <seg xml:id="SS5-SS17" ana="#REVENGE">
  <s xml:id="SS5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 </seg>
</p>
<anchor xml:id="NIL1" ana="#RECONCIL"/>
<p xml:id="PP2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<join xml:id="PP2-PP4"
 target="#PP2 #PP3 #PP4" ana="#AFTERM"/>

<span>

<p xml:id="para2">(The "aftermath" starts here)</p>
<p xml:id="para3">(The "aftermath" continues here)</p>
<p xml:id="para4">(The "aftermath" ends in this paragraph)</p>
<!-- ... -->
<span type="structure" from="#para2"
 to="#para4">aftermath</span>

<span>

<p xml:id="fr_para2">(la "conséquence" commence ici)</p>
<p xml:id="fr_para3">(la "conséquence" continue ici)</p>
<p xml:id="fr_para4">(la "conséquence" se termine dans ce paragraphe)</p>
<span type="structure" from="#fr_para2"
 to="#fr_para4">conséquence</span>

<span>

<p xml:id="zh-tw_第二小節">("結局"從這裡開始)</p>
<p xml:id="zh-tw_第三小節">("結局"持續)</p>
<p xml:id="zh-tw_第四小節">("結局"結束於此)</p>
<!-- ... -->
<span type="架構" from="#zh-tw_第二小節"
 to="#zh-tw_第四小節">結局</span>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<p>
 <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg>critic, you have frowned, Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg>with this key Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg>the melody Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</p>

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<p>
 <seg>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children And a
   first-rate body—pointed her finger at the back of one certain man and
   asked me, "Is that guy a psychiatrist?" and by god he was!</seg>
</p>
<p>
 <seg>"Yes," She said, "He <emph>looks</emph> like a
   psychiatrist."</seg>
</p>
<p>
 <seg>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</seg>
</p>

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<p>
 <seg>
  <lb n="1"/>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>; <seg>critic, you have
   frowned, <lb n="2"/>Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg>with this
   key <lb n="3"/>Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg>the melody
 <lb n="4"/>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's
   wound.</seg>
</p>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<l>
 <w xml:id="w01">Scorn</w>
 <w xml:id="w02">not</w>
 <w xml:id="w03">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w04">sonnet</w>; <w xml:id="w05">critic</w>, <w xml:id="w06">you</w>
 <w xml:id="w07">have</w>
 <w xml:id="w08">frowned</w>,
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w09">Mindless</w>
 <w xml:id="w10">of</w>
 <w xml:id="w11">its</w>
 <w xml:id="w12">just</w>
 <w xml:id="w13">honours</w>; <w xml:id="w14">with</w>
 <w xml:id="w15">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w16">key</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w17">Shakespeare</w>
 <w xml:id="w18">unlocked</w>
 <w xml:id="w19">his</w>
 <w xml:id="w20">heart</w>; <w xml:id="w21">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w22">melody</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w23">Of</w>
 <w xml:id="w24">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w25">small</w>
 <w xml:id="w26">lute</w>
 <w xml:id="w27">gave</w>
 <w xml:id="w28">ease</w>
 <w xml:id="w29">to</w>
 <w xml:id="w30">Petrarch's</w>
 <w xml:id="w31">wound</w>.
</l>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w01 #w02 #w03 #w04"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w05 #w06 #w07 #w08 #w09 #w10 #w11 #w12 #w13"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w14 #w15 #w16 #w17 #w18 #w19 #w20"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w21 #w22 #w23 #w24 #w25 #w26 #w27 #w28 #w29 #w30 #w31"/>
</p>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<div>
 <p>[...]</p>
</div>
<div>
 <certainty locus="name" degree="0.3"
  match=".//persName"/>
</div>

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc01">
 <name>C. Colin Backslash</name>
 <resp>transcription</resp>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="prf01">
 <name>Erin Spelling</name>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<p>Θερινὴ τροπή
<lb/>
 <foreign xml:lang="hbo" xml:id="mp0a8"> ת
 <supplied reason="undefined">קו</supplied>
  <unclear>פ</unclear>
   ת תמוז
 </foreign>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere: -->
<respons target="#mp0a8" locus="name value"
 resp="#prf01"/>

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms

<p>If the variable <ident>z</ident> has a value of zero, a statement such as <code>x=y/z</code> will
usually cause a fatal error.</p>

23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms

<p>The <gi>gi</gi> element is used to tag element
names when they appear in the text; the <gi>tag</gi> element however is used to show how a tag as
such might appear. So one might talk of an occurrence of the <gi>blort</gi> element which had been
tagged <tag>blort type='runcible'</tag>. The <att>type</att> attribute may take any name token as
value; the default value is <val>spqr</val>, in memory of its creator.</p>

23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions

<div>
 <head>Element and Attribute Descriptions</head>
 <p>Within the body of a document using this module, the following elements may be used to reference parts of the specification elements
   discussed in section <ptr target="#TDcrystals"/>, in particular the brief prose descriptions these provide for elements and attributes.
 <specList>
   <specDesc key="specList"/>
   <specDesc key="specDesc" atts="atts"/>
  </specList>
 </p>
 <p>TEI practice recommends that a <gi>specList</gi> listing the elements under … </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<att>

<p>The TEI defines several <soCalled>global</soCalled> attributes; their names include
<att>xml:id</att>, <att>rend</att>, <att>xml:lang</att>, <att>n</att>, <att>xml:space</att>,
and <att>xml:base</att>; <att scheme="XX">type</att> is not amongst them.</p>

<att>

<p>La TEI définit six attributs<soCalled>globaux</soCalled> qui se nomment
<att>xml:id</att>, <att>rend</att>, <att>xml:lang</att>, <att>n</att>,
<att>xml:space</att>, et <att>xml:base</att>; <att scheme="XX">type</att>n'en fait pas
partie .</p>

<att>

<p>TEI定義六個<soCalled>global</soCalled>屬性，包括：
<att>xml:id</att>, <att>rend</att>, <att>xml:lang</att>, <att>n</att>, <att>xml:space</att>,
和<att>xml:base</att>; <att scheme="XX">type</att> 不在其中。</p>

<eg>

<p>The
<gi>term</gi> element is declared using the following syntax:
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<eg>

<p>L'élément <gi>term</gi> est déclaré en utilisant la syntaxe suivante :
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<eg>

<p>
 <gi>術語</gi>元素用於以下語法：
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<gi>

<p>The <gi>xhtml:li</gi> element is roughly analogous to the <gi>item</gi> element, as is the
<gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi> element.</p>

<gi>

<p>L'élément <gi>xhtml:li</gi> est grosso modo analogue à l'élément <gi>item</gi>, comme
l'est l'élément <gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi>.</p>

<gi>

<p>元素 <gi>xhtml:li</gi>大略類似元素<gi>item</gi>，以及元素 <gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi>。</p>

<gi>

<p>The <gi>xhtml:li</gi> element is roughly analogous to the <gi>item</gi> element, as is the
<gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi> element.</p>

23.2. Modules and Schemas

<p>This module contains three red elements: <specGrp xml:id="RED">
  <elementSpec ident="beetroot">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="east">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="rose">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
 </specGrp> and two blue ones: <specGrp xml:id="BLUE">
  <elementSpec ident="sky">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="bayou">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
 </specGrp>
</p>

23.2. Modules and Schemas

<div>
 <head>An overview of the imaginary module</head>
 <p>The imaginary module contains declarations for coloured things: <specGrpRef target="#RED"/>
  <specGrpRef target="#BLUE"/>
 </p>
</div>

<specGrpRef>

<p>This part of the module contains declarations for names of persons, places, and
organisations: <specGrpRef target="#names.pers"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#names.place"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#names.org"/>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.pers">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.place">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.org">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>

<specGrpRef>

<p>Cette partie du module contient les déclarations pour les noms de personnes, de lieux,
des organismes : <specGrpRef target="#fr_names.pers"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#fr_names.place"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#fr_names.org"/>
</p>
<specGrp xml:id="fr_names.pers">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<specGrp xml:id="fr_names.place">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<specGrp xml:id="fr_names.org">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>

<specGrpRef>

<p>這部份的模組包含人名、地名以及組織名稱的宣告：<specGrpRef target="#zh-tw_names.pers"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#zh-tw_names.place"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#zh-tw_names.org"/>
</p>
<!-- 某處 -->
<specGrp xml:id="zh-tw_names.pers">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- 某處 -->
<specGrp xml:id="zh-tw_names.place">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- 某處 -->
<specGrp xml:id="zh-tw_names.org">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and
     any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly
     in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within
     the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>regroupe des éléments utilisés pour des segmentations arbitraires.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>Les principes selon lesquels la segmentation est effectuée, et tous les codes
     spéciaux ou toutes les valeurs d'attribut utilisées, devraient être définis
     explicitement dans l'élément<gi>segmentation</gi> de l'élément<gi>encodingDesc</gi>
     dans l'en-tête TEI associé.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>匯集用於隨機分割的元素</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and any special codes or attribute
     values used, should be defined explicitly in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the
  <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="core" ident="foreign">
<!--... -->
 <remarks>
  <p>This element is intended for use only where no other element is available to mark the phrase
     or words concerned. The global <att>xml:lang</att> attribute should be used in preference to
     this element where it is intended to mark the language of the whole of some text element.</p>
  <p>The <gi>distinct</gi> element may be used to identify phrases belonging to sublanguages or
     registers not generally regarded as true languages.</p>
 </remarks>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

<remarks>

<remarks>
 <p>This element is probably redundant.</p>
</remarks>

<remarks>

<remarks>
 <p>Cet élément est probablement superflu.</p>
</remarks>

<remarks>

<remarks>
 <p>此元素可能是多餘的</p>
</remarks>

<exemplum>

<exemplum xml:lang="en">
 <p>The <gi>name</gi> element can be used for both personal names and place names:</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr.           Bennet</name>,</q> said his lady to him one day,           <q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield           Park</name> is let at last?</q>]]></eg>
 <p>As shown above, the <att>type</att> attribute may be used to distinguish the one from the
   other.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>L'élément<gi>name</gi> est employé à la fois pour les noms propres de personne et de
   lieu : </p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve">             <q>               <name type="person">Mrs. Parker</name>, connaît un épicier bulgare, nommé, <name                 type="person">Popochef Rosenfeld</name>qui vient d'arriver de <name type="place"                 >Constantinople</name>. C'est un grand spécialiste en yaourts.</q>           </eg>
 <p>Comme il est indiqué ci-dessus, l'attribut<att>type</att> peut être utilisé pour
   distinguer un élément de l'autre.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>
  <gi>名稱</gi>元素可以同時用於人名以及地名：</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>我親愛的 <name           type="person">班耐特</name>先生，</q> 有一天太太對他說，           <q>你聽到<name type="place">尼得斐莊園</name>           終於租出去了嗎？</q>]]></eg>
 <p>如上所示，<att>屬性值</att> 可用來分辨人名或地名。</p>
</exemplum>

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<attDef ident="columns">
 <gloss xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-06-12">columns</gloss>
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">specifies the number of columns per page</desc>
 <datatype minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="2">
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <remarks xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2017-07-09">
  <p>If a single number is given, all pages referenced
     have this number of columns. If two numbers are given,
     the number of columns per page varies between the
     values supplied. Where <att>columns</att> is omitted
     the number is assumed to be <val>1</val>.</p>
 </remarks>
</attDef>

<valItem>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="border">
  <desc>used to signify that there is border around a page.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-rule">
  <desc>used to signify that there is a border made of ruled lines.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-ornamental">
  <desc>used to signify that there is an ornamental border.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="catch">
  <gloss>catchword</gloss>
  <desc>for catch words.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="lineNum">
  <gloss>line number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed line numbers (usually in poetry).</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="listHead">
  <gloss>list heading</gloss>
  <desc>for headings of lists or similar constructs; often used in tables of contents for the
  <q>page</q> heading.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pageNum">
  <gloss>page number</gloss>
  <desc>for page numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pressFig">
  <gloss>press figure</gloss>
  <desc>for press figures. These are usually numbers, but are not sequential or regularly
     printed like signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="sig">
  <gloss>signature</gloss>
  <desc>for printed signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="unknown">
  <desc>for a metawork whose function you do not know.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="vol">
  <gloss>volume number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed volume numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="other">
  <desc>anything not covered by the above values.</desc>
  <remarks>
   <p>Used for an ornament, decorated tool line, or symbol(s) that is not officially a
       delimiter (and thus there is no element on which to put <val>pre()</val> or
   <val>post()</val>) but is used to fill space at the bottom of a page so that a
   <gi>floatingText</gi> or similar can start at the top of the next.</p>
  </remarks>
 </valItem>
</valList>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

<div
   xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
<!-- ... -->
 <p n="12" my:topic="rabbits">Flopsy, Mopsy, Cottontail, and Peter...</p>
</div>

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<foreign>

<foreign> (foreign) identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some language other than that of the surrounding text. [3.3.2.1. Foreign Words or Expressions]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.emphLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The global xml:lang attribute should be supplied for this element to identify the language of the word or phrase marked. As elsewhere, its value should be a language tag as defined in vi.1. Language Identification.

This element is intended for use only where no other element is available to mark the phrase or words concerned. The global xml:lang attribute should be used in preference to this element where it is intended to mark the language of the whole of some text element.

The distinct element may be used to identify phrases belonging to sublanguages or registers not generally regarded as true languages.

Example

This is
heathen Greek to you still? Your <foreign xml:lang="la">lapis
philosophicus</foreign>?

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element foreign
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <foreign> (foreign)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <foreign> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <foreign> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

11. Manuscript Description

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.global

<p> … The consequences of
this rapid depopulation were the loss of the last
<foreign xml:lang="rap">ariki</foreign> or chief
(Routledge 1920:205,210) and their connections to
ancestral territorial organization.</p>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<unitDef type="volume" xml:id="shunbul">
 <label xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</label>
 <label xml:lang="ar">شنبل</label>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1873"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.25"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1878"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 3"
  from="1891" fromUnit="#shunbul" to="1910"
  toUnit="#kile" where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile_istanbul" when="1860"
  where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 72"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#madd" when="1893"
  where="#damascus"/>
 <desc xml:lang="en">The <foreign xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</foreign> was the main unit to measure grain in the Northern parts of Greater Syria.</desc>
</unitDef>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract xml:lang="en">
  <p>The recent archaeological emphasis
     on the study of settlement patterns,
     landscape and palaeoenvironments has
     shaped and re-shaped our understanding
     of the Viking settlement of Iceland.
     This paper reviews the developments
     in Icelandic archaeology, examining
     both theoretical and practical advances.
     Particular attention is paid to new
     ideas in terms of settlement patterns
     and resource exploitation. Finally,
     some of the key studies of the ecological
     consequences of the Norse
  <foreign xml:lang="is">landnám</foreign>
     are presented. </p>
 </abstract>
 <abstract xml:lang="fr">
  <p>L’accent récent des
     recherches archéologiques sur l’étude des
     configurations spatiales des colonies, de la
     géographie des sites ainsi que des éléments
     paléo-environnementaux nous mène à réexaminer
     et réévaluer nos connaissances acquises sur
     la colonisation de l’Islande par les Vikings.
     Cet article passe en revue le développement
     de l’archéologie islandaise en examinant les
     progrès théoriques et pratiques en la matière.
     Une attention particulière est portée sur
     l’étude des configurations spatiales des
     colonies ainsi qu’une considération des
     questions d’exploitation des ressources.
     Finalement, l’article présente un aperçu des
     études principales qui traitent des
     conséquences écologiques du
  <foreign xml:lang="is">landnám</foreign>
     islandais.</p>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.2.1. Foreign Words or Expressions

<q>Aren't you confusing <foreign xml:lang="la">post hoc</foreign> with <foreign xml:lang="la">propter
   hoc</foreign>?</q> said the Bee Master.
<q>Wax-moth only succeed when
weak bees let them in.</q>

3.3.2.1. Foreign Words or Expressions

John eats a <foreign xml:lang="fr">croissant</foreign> every morning.

<foreign>

This is
heathen Greek to you still? Your <foreign xml:lang="la">lapis
philosophicus</foreign>?

<foreign>

<foreign xml:lang="la">Et vobis</foreign> messieurs,
Ce ne seroyt que bon que nous rendissiez noz cloches...

<foreign>

<p>Pendant ce temps-là, dans le bureau du rez- de-chaussée, les secrétaires faisaient du
<foreign xml:lang="en">hulla-hoop</foreign>.</p>

<foreign>

整天窩在家裏看卡通打電動，你是<foreign xml:lang="ja">御宅族</foreign>嗎?

3.4.1.1. Some Further Examples

On the one hand the <title rend="italic">Nibelungenlied</title>
is associated with the new rise of romance of twelfth-century France,
the <foreign rend="italic">romans d'antiquité</foreign>, the
romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ...

3.4.1.1. Some Further Examples

A pretty common case, I believe; in all <emph>vehement</emph>
debatings. She says I am <q rend="italic">too witty</q>;
<foreign xml:lang="la" rend="roman">Anglicé</foreign>,
<gloss rend="italic">too pert</gloss>; I, that she is
<q rend="italic"> too wise</q>; that is to say, being likewise
put into English, <gloss rend="italic">not so young as she has
been</gloss>: in short, she is grown so much into a
<hi rend="italic">mother</hi>, that she had forgotten she ever
was a <hi rend="italic">daughter</hi>.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.5. Speech Management

<u who="#P1">I proposed that <foreign xml:lang="de"> wir können
 <pause dur="PT1S"/> vielleicht </foreign> go to warsaw
and <emph>vienna</emph>
</u>

11. Manuscript Description

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin notBefore="1225" notAfter="1275"> Written in Spain or Portugal in the
   middle of the 13th century (the date 1042, given in a marginal note on f. 97v,
   cannot be correct.)</origin>
 <provenance>The Spanish scholar <name type="person">Benito Arias Montano</name>
   (1527-1598) has written his name on f. 97r, and may be presumed to have owned
   the manuscript. </provenance>
 <provenance>It came somehow into the possession of <foreign xml:lang="da">etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Holger Parsberg</name> (1636-1692), who has written his name
   twice, once on the front pastedown and once on f. 1r, the former dated
 <date>1680</date> and the latter <date>1682</date>.</provenance>
 <provenance>Following Parsberg's death the manuscript was bought by
 <foreign>etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Jens Rosenkrantz</name> (1640-1695) when Parsberg's library
   was auctioned off (23 October 1693).</provenance>
 <acquisition notBefore="1696"
  notAfter="1697">The manuscript was acquired by
   Árni Magnússon from the estate of Jens Rosenkrantz, presumably at auction (the
   auction lot number 468 is written in red chalk on the flyleaf), either in 1696
   or 97.</acquisition>
</history>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc01">
 <name>C. Colin Backslash</name>
 <resp>transcription</resp>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="prf01">
 <name>Erin Spelling</name>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<p>Θερινὴ τροπή
<lb/>
 <foreign xml:lang="hbo" xml:id="mp0a8"> ת
 <supplied reason="undefined">קו</supplied>
  <unclear>פ</unclear>
   ת תמוז
 </foreign>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere: -->
<respons target="#mp0a8" locus="name value"
 resp="#prf01"/>

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<emph>

<emph> (emphasized) marks words or phrases which are stressed or emphasized for linguistic or rhetorical effect. [3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases 3.3.2. Emphasis, Foreign Words, and Unusual Language]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.emphLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

You took the car and did <emph>what</emph>?!!

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<q>What it all comes to is this,</q> he said.
<q>
 <emph>What
   does Christopher Robin do in the morning nowadays?</emph>
</q>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element emph
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <emph> (emphasized)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <emph> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <emph> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

8. Transcriptions of Speech

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<p> ... Their motives <emph rend="italics">might</emph> be pure
and pious; but he was equally alarmed by his knowledge of the ambitious <name rend="italics">Bohemond</name>, and his ignorance of the Transalpine chiefs:
...</p>

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<p> ... Their motives <emph style="font-style: italic">might</emph> be pure and pious; but he was equally alarmed by his knowledge of
the ambitious <name style="font-style: italic">Bohemond</name>, and his ignorance of
the Transalpine chiefs: ...</p>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<q>Sex, sir, is <emph>purely</emph> a question
of appetite!</q> Tarr exclaimed.

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<q>What it all comes to is this,</q> he said.

<q>
 <emph rend="italic">What does Christopher Robin do in the morning
   nowadays?</emph>
</q>

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<q>What it all comes to is this,</q> he said.

<q>
 <emph style="font-style: italic">What does Christopher Robin do in
   the morning nowadays?</emph>
</q>

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<l>Here Thou, great <name rendition="#italic">Anna</name>!
whom three Realms obey,</l>
<l>Doth sometimes Counsel take —
and sometimes <emph rendition="#italic">Tea</emph>.</l>
<!-- in the header ... -->
<rendition xml:id="italic" scheme="css">font-style: italic</rendition>

<emph>

You took the car and did <emph>what</emph>?!!

<emph>

<div>
 <p>«Mes amis, dit-il, mes amis, je... je... »</p>
 <p>Mais quelque chose l'étouffait. Il ne pouvait pas achever sa phrase.</p>
 <p> Alors il se tourna vers le tableau, prit un morceau de craie, et, en appuyant de
   toutes ses forces, il écrivit aussi gros qu'il put : </p>
 <p>
  <emph>«vive la France !"»</emph>
 </p>
 <p> Puis il resta là, la tête appuyée au mur, et, sans parler, avec sa main il nous
   faisait signe:</p>
 <p>«C'est fini...allez-vous-en.»</p>
</div>

<emph>

<p> Tu sais quoi ? On l'aurait proposé pour <emph>la médaille</emph> ! </p>

<emph>

昨天晚上你去了<emph>哪裡</emph>?!!

<emph>

寶玉含羞央告道：<q>好姐姐，千萬別告訴人。</q>襲人亦含羞笑問道：
<q>你夢見什麼故事了？<emph>是那里流出來的那些髒東西？</emph>
</q>

<emph>

<q>What it all comes to is this,</q> he said.
<q>
 <emph>What
   does Christopher Robin do in the morning nowadays?</emph>
</q>

3.4.1.1. Some Further Examples

A pretty common case, I believe; in all <emph>vehement</emph>
debatings. She says I am <q rend="italic">too witty</q>;
<foreign xml:lang="la" rend="roman">Anglicé</foreign>,
<gloss rend="italic">too pert</gloss>; I, that she is
<q rend="italic"> too wise</q>; that is to say, being likewise
put into English, <gloss rend="italic">not so young as she has
been</gloss>: in short, she is grown so much into a
<hi rend="italic">mother</hi>, that she had forgotten she ever
was a <hi rend="italic">daughter</hi>.

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>What projects men make—what queer turns they take,</l>
 <l>Since <emph>steam</emph> has improved our condition;</l>
 <l>They never are still, but must cure or must kill</l>
 <l>With steam physic or steam ammunition.</l>
 <l>But a short time ago, to a quack you would go,</l>
 <l>To steam a fat man to a thinner;</l>
 <l>Now changed from all that, if you wish to get <emph>fat</emph>,</l>
 <l>Come to Barton’s and eat a <emph>steam dinner!</emph>
 </l>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>You may sleep, you may dream, you may travel by steam,</l>
 <l>For the outcry is still to go faster;</l>
 <l>And what does it reck, should you e’en break your neck,</l>
 <l>If ’tis <emph>steam</emph> that brings on the disaster?</l>
 <ellipsis resp="#ChambersEdnbrghJrnl1880">
  <metamark function="multilineEllipsis"> * * * * </metamark>
  <desc resp="#teiProjectEditor2021">The printer omits four lines here,
     skipping the second half of the second octave, before the refrain.</desc>
 </ellipsis>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>

4. Default Text Structure

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

8.4.5. Speech Management

<u who="#P1">I proposed that <foreign xml:lang="de"> wir können
 <pause dur="PT1S"/> vielleicht </foreign> go to warsaw
and <emph>vienna</emph>
</u>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.7. Aggregation

<q>
 <s xml:id="qs2">Monsieur Paul, after he has taken equal
   parts of goose breast and the finest pork, and
   broken a certain number of egg yolks into them,
   and ground them <emph>very</emph>, very fine,
   cooks all with seasoning for some three hours.</s>
 <s xml:id="qs3">
  <emph>But</emph>,</s>
</q>
<s xml:id="ps2">she pushed her face nearer, and looked with
ferocious gloating at the pâté
inside me, her eyes like X rays,</s>
<q>
 <s xml:id="qs4">he never stops stirring it!</s>
 <s xml:id="qs5">Figure to yourself the work of it —</s>
 <s xml:id="qs6">stir, stir, never stopping!</s>
</q>

17.9.3. Stand-off Markup in TEI

<body>
 <p xml:id="par1">home, <emph>home</emph> on Brokeback Mountain.</p>
 <p xml:id="par2">That was the <emph>song</emph> that I sang</p>
</body>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="MaQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point at which the
   thing began.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable,
   and nothing could have frightened it away.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration, during which she,
   and the little animals, and the moving grasses, and the sun-warmed
   trees, and the slopes of shivering silvery mealies, and the great
   dome of blue light overhead, and the stones of earth under her feet,
   became one, shuddering together in a dissolution of dancing
   atoms.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground forcing
   themselves painfully along her veins, swelling them out in an
   unbearable pressure; her flesh was the earth, and suffered growth
   like a ferment; and her eyes stared, fixed like the eye of the
   sun.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer (if the terms for time
   apply) could she have borne it; but then, with a sudden movement
   forwards and out, the whole process stopped; and <emph rend="italic">that</emph> was <soCalled rend="dquo">the
     moment</soCalled> which it was impossible to remember
   afterwards.</s>
 <span from="#MaQp1s2p114s3"
  to="#MaQp1s2p114s5">the moment</span>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time (which was
   timeless) she understood quite finally her smallness, the
   unimportance of humanity.</s>
</p>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<lg>
 <l>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</l>
 <l>And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</l>
 <l>at the back of one certain man and asked me,</l>
 <l>"Is that guy a psychiatrist?" and by god he was! "Yes,"</l>
 <l>She said, "He <emph>looks</emph> like a psychiatrist."</l>
 <l>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</l>
</lg>

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<p>
 <seg>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children And a
   first-rate body—pointed her finger at the back of one certain man and
   asked me, "Is that guy a psychiatrist?" and by god he was!</seg>
</p>
<p>
 <seg>"Yes," She said, "He <emph>looks</emph> like a
   psychiatrist."</seg>
</p>
<p>
 <seg>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</seg>
</p>

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<ab>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children And a first-rate
body—pointed her finger at the back of one certain man and asked me,
<said>Is that guy a psychiatrist?</said> and by god he was!
<said>Yes,</said> She said, <said>He <emph>looks</emph> like a
   psychiatrist.</said> Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and
thought.</ab>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<lg>
 <l>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</l>
 <l>And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</l>
 <l>at the back of one certain man and asked me,</l>
 <l>
  <said n="quotation1">Is that guy a psychiatrist?</said> and by god he was!
 <said n="quotation2">Yes,</said>
 </l>
 <l>She said, <said n="quotation2">He <emph>looks</emph> like a
     psychiatrist.</said>
 </l>
 <l>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</l>
</lg>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<lg>
 <l>
  <seg part="I">Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="M">And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="M">at the back of one certain man and asked me,</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="F">"<seg>Is that guy a psychiatrist?</seg>" and by god he was!</seg>
  <seg part="I">"<seg part="I">Yes,</seg>"</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="F">She said, "<seg part="F">He <emph>looks</emph> like a psychiatrist.</seg>"</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</seg>
 </l>
</lg>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

I have a <emph xml:id="CE-p3">bun</emph>.

<certainty target="#CE-p3" locus="value"
 degree="0.5"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

I have a <emph xml:id="CE-P3">bun</emph>.

<certainty target="#CE-P3" locus="value"
 assertedValue="gun" degree="0.8">
 <desc>a gun makes more sense in a holdup</desc>
</certainty>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<hi>

<hi> (highlighted) marks a word or phrase as graphically distinct from the surrounding text, for reasons concerning which no claim is made. [3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases 3.3.2. Emphasis, Foreign Words, and Unusual Language]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.hiLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc formula

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout locus material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<hi rend="gothic">And this Indenture further witnesseth</hi>
that the said <hi rend="italic">Walter Shandy</hi>, merchant,
in consideration of the said intended marriage ...

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element hi
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <hi> (highlighted)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <hi> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <hi> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

6. Verse

7. Performance Texts

10. Dictionaries

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

23. Documentation Elements

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.global.rendition

<head rend="align(center) case(allcaps)">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle,
<lb/>On Her <lb/>
 <hi rend="case(mixed)">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>

att.global.rendition

<head style="text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle, <lb/>On Her
<lb/>
 <hi style="font-variant: normal">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>

att.global.rendition

<head rendition="#ac #sc">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle, <lb/>On Her
<lb/>
 <hi rendition="#normal">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>
<!-- elsewhere... -->
<rendition xml:id="sc" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="normal" scheme="css">font-variant: normal</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="ac" scheme="css">text-align: center</rendition>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<titlePage>
 <docTitle rendition="#center #x-space">
  <titlePart>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-large">THE POEMS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#small">OF</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #xx-large">ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#large #xx-space">IN SIX VOLUMES</hi>
  </titlePart>
  <titlePart rendition="#xx-space">
   <lb/> VOLUME I.
  <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #x-large">POEMS AND BALLADS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-space">FIRST SERIES</hi>
  </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docImprint rendition="#center">
  <lb/>
  <pubPlace rendition="#xx-space">LONDON</pubPlace>
  <lb/>
  <publisher rendition="#red #expanded">CHATTO &amp; WINDUS</publisher>
  <lb/>
  <docDate when="1904" rendition="#small">1904</docDate>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<hi rend="gothic">And this Indenture further witnesseth</hi>
that the said <hi rend="italic">Walter Shandy</hi>, merchant,
in consideration of the said intended marriage ...

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

The heaviest rain, and snow, and hail, and
sleet, could boast of the advantage over him in only one respect. They
often <hi rend="quoted">came down</hi> handsomely, and Scrooge never
did.

<hi>

<hi rend="gothic">And this Indenture further witnesseth</hi>
that the said <hi rend="italic">Walter Shandy</hi>, merchant,
in consideration of the said intended marriage ...

<hi>

<p>Au fronton, on lit cette inscription : <hi rend="uppercase">attends. Tu verras.</hi> Le
notaire encore prétend qu' elle ne saurait être antérieure au XVIII siècle, car, sinon, l'
on eût écrit --<q>tu voiras</q>--. </p>

<hi>

我的先生很可惜是一個<hi rend="italic">外國人</hi>。這樣來稱呼自己的先生不免有<hi rend="bold">排外</hi>的味道，但是因為語文和風俗在各國之間确有大不相同之處，我們的婚姻生活也實在有許多無法共通的地方。...

3.4.1.1. Some Further Examples

On the one hand the <hi rend="italic">Nibelungenlied</hi> is
associated with the new rise of romance of twelfth-century France,
the <hi xml:lang="fr" rend="italic">romans d'antiquité</hi>,
the romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ...

3.4.1.1. Some Further Examples

A pretty common case, I believe; in all <emph>vehement</emph>
debatings. She says I am <q rend="italic">too witty</q>;
<foreign xml:lang="la" rend="roman">Anglicé</foreign>,
<gloss rend="italic">too pert</gloss>; I, that she is
<q rend="italic"> too wise</q>; that is to say, being likewise
put into English, <gloss rend="italic">not so young as she has
been</gloss>: in short, she is grown so much into a
<hi rend="italic">mother</hi>, that she had forgotten she ever
was a <hi rend="italic">daughter</hi>.

<num>

<p>I reached <num type="cardinal" value="21">twenty-one</num> on
my <num type="ordinal" value="21">twenty-first</num> birthday</p>
<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10<hi rend="sup">10</hi>
 </num> cm per second.</p>

<num>

<p>在<num type="ordinal" value="21">第二十一</num>歲的生日那天，我變成<num type="cardinal" value="21">二十一</num>歲了... 光以每秒<num value="10E10">10<hi rend="sup">10</hi>
 </num> 公分移動。</p>

<head>

<div type="subsection">
 <head place="margin">Secunda conclusio</head>
 <p>
  <lb n="1251"/>
  <hi rend="large">Potencia: habitus: et actus: recipiunt speciem ab obiectis<supplied>.</supplied>
  </hi>
  <lb n="1252"/>Probatur sic. Omne importans necessariam habitudinem ad proprium
   [...]
 </p>
</div>

<head>

<div type="chapitre">
 <head>Les Mille et une Nuits</head>
 <p>LES chroniques des Sassaniens, anciens rois de Perse, qui avaient étendu leur empire
   dans les Indes, [...]</p>
 <div type="histoire">
  <head>Histoire du Vizir puni</head>
  <p>IL était autrefois un roi, poursuivit-il, qui avait un<lb/> fils qui aimait
     passionnément la chasse. Il lui permettait<lb/> de prendre souvent ce divertissement ;
     [...] </p>
 </div>
</div>
<trailer>
 <hi rend="majuscule">fin du tome premier.</hi>
</trailer>

<cb>

<pb/>
<cb n="1"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Well</form>, <sense>a Pit to hold Spring-Water</sense>:
<sense>In the Art of <hi rend="italic">War</hi>, a Depth the Miner
   sinks into the Ground, to find out and disappoint the Enemies Mines,
   or to prepare one</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>To <form>Welter</form>, <sense>to wallow</sense>, or
<sense>lie groveling</sense>.</entryFree>
<!-- remainder of column -->
<cb n="2"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Wey</form>, <sense>the greatest Measure for dry Things,
   containing five Chaldron</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>
 <form>Whale</form>, <sense>the greatest of
   Sea-Fishes</sense>.
</entryFree>

<stage>

<l>Behold. <stage n="*" place="margin">Here the vp<lb/>per part of the <hi>Scene</hi> open'd; when
   straight appear'd a Heauen, and all the <hi>Pure Artes</hi> sitting on
   two semi<lb/>circular ben<lb/>ches, one a<lb/>boue another: who sate thus till the rest of the
 <hi>Prologue</hi> was spoken, which being ended, they descended in
   order within the <hi>Scene,</hi> whiles the Musicke plaid</stage> Our
Poet knowing our free hearts</l>

4. Default Text Structure

<trailer>

<trailer>
 <l>In stead of FINIS this advice <hi>I</hi> send,</l>
 <l>Let Rogues and Thieves beware of <lb/>
  <hi>Hamans</hi> END.</l>
</trailer>

<trailer>

<trailer>
 <l>In stead of FINIS this advice <hi>I</hi> send,</l>
 <l>Let Rogues and Thieves beware of <lb/>
  <hi>Hamans</hi> END.</l>
</trailer>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>Galecia one Evening setting alone in her Chamber by a clear Fire,
and a clean Hearth [...] reflected on the Providence of our
All-wise and Gracious Creator [...] </p>
<p>She was thus ruminating, when a Gentleman enter'd the Room, the
Door being a jar [...] calling for a Candle, she beg'd a thousand
Pardons, engaged him to sit down, and let her know, what had so long
conceal'd him from her Correspondence.
</p>
<pb n="5"/>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Story of <hi>Captain Manly</hi>
  </head>
  <p>Dear Galecia, said he, though you partly know the loose, or rather
     lewd Life that I led in my Youth; yet I can't forbear relating part of
     it to you by way of Abhorrence...

<!-- Captain Manly's story here -->
     I had lost and spent all I had in the World; in which I verified the
     Old Proverb, That a Rolling Stone never gathers Moss,
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="37"/>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>The Gentleman having finish'd his Story, Galecia waited on him to
the Stairs-head; and at her return, casting her Eyes on the Table, she
saw lying there an old dirty rumpled Book, and found in it the
following story: </p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <p> IN the time of the Holy War when
     Christians from all parts went into the Holy Land to oppose the Turks;
     Amongst these there was a certain English Knight...</p>
<!-- rest of story here -->
  <p>The King graciously pardoned the Knight; Richard was kindly receiv'd
     into his Convent, and all things went on in good order: But from hence
     came the Proverb, We must not strike <hi>Robert</hi> for
  <hi>Richard.</hi>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="43"/>
<p>By this time Galecia's Maid brought up her Supper; after which she
cast her Eyes again on the foresaid little Book, where she found the
following Story, which she read through before she went to bed.
</p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Cause of the Moors Overrunning
  <hi>Spain</hi>
  </head>
  <p>King ———— of Spain at his Death, committed the Government of his
     Kingdom to his Brother Don ——— till his little Son should come of
     Age ...</p>
  <p>Thus the little Story ended, without telling what Misery
     befel the King and Kingdom, by the Moors, who over ran the Country for
     many Years after. To which, we may well apply the Proverb,
  <quote>
    <l>Who drives the Devil's Stages,</l>
    <l>Deserves the Devil's Wages</l>
   </quote>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<p>The reading this Trifle of a Story detained Galecia from her Rest
beyond her usual Hour; for she slept so sound the next Morning, that
she did not rise, till a Lady's Footman came to tell her, that his
Lady and another or two were coming to breakfast with her...
</p>

<titlePart>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">THE FORTUNES
   AND MISFORTUNES Of the FAMOUS
   Moll Flanders, &amp;c.
 </titlePart>
 <titlePart type="desc">Who was BORN in NEWGATE,
   And during a Life of continu'd Variety for
   Threescore Years, besides her Childhood, was
   Twelve Year a <hi>Whore</hi>, five times a <hi>Wife</hi> (wherof
   once to her own Brother) Twelve Year a <hi>Thief,</hi>
   Eight Year a Transported <hi>Felon</hi> in <hi>Virginia</hi>,
   at last grew <hi>Rich</hi>, liv'd <hi>Honest</hi>, and died a
 <hi>Penitent</hi>.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<back>

<back>
 <div1 type="appendix">
  <head>臺灣現代詩論戰史資料彙編</head>
  <p>現代詩論戰史第一階段</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="epistle">
  <head>白先勇致瘂弦洛夫</head>
  <salute>您好，</salute>
  <p>您的副本我已使用完畢，可以歸還了，麻煩您。</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>本論文提及的專書，可於台灣各大書店詢問訂購。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">陳芳明《詩與現實》，台北：洪範，1983。</item>
   <item n="2">洛夫《詩人之鏡》，台北：大業，1969。</item>
   <item n="42">廖炳惠《回顧現代》，台北：麥田，1994。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>
   <hi rend="center">詩集、詩選</hi>也可於網路書店購得。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">余光中《天狼星》，台北：洪範，1976。</item>
   <item n="2">席慕蓉著《無怨的青春》，台北，大地，1983。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
</back>

6. Verse

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<lg>
 <l>The Frost performs its secret ministry,</l>
 <l>Unhelped by any wind. ...</l>
 <l>Whose puny flaps and freaks the idling Spirit</l>
 <l>By its own moods interprets, every where</l>
 <l>Echo or mirror seeking of itself,</l>
 <l part="I">And makes a toy of Thought.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l part="F">But O! how oft,</l>
 <l>How oft, at school, with most believing mind</l>
 <l>Presageful, have I gazed upon the bars,</l>
 <l>To watch that fluttering <hi>stranger</hi>! ... </l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>Dear Babe, that sleepest cradled by my side,</l>
</lg>

6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

<div type="book" n="1" met="-+|-+|-+|-+|-+/"
 rhyme="aa">
 <lg n="1" type="paragraph">
  <l>'Tis hard to say, if greater Want of Skill</l>
  <l>Appear in <hi>Writing</hi> or in <hi>Judging</hi> ill;</l>
  <l>But, of the two, less dang'rous is th'Offence,</l>
  <l>To tire our <hi>Patience</hi>, than mis-lead our <hi>Sense</hi>:</l>
 </lg>
</div>

7. Performance Texts

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<view>George glances at the window—and freezes.
<camera>New angle—shock cut</camera> Out the window
the body of a dead man suddenly slams into
<hi>frame</hi>. He dangles grotesquely,
held up by his coat caught on a protruding bolt.
George gasps. The train <hi>whistle</hi> screams.</view>

<view>

<view>
 <name>Max</name> joins his daughter
at the window. <hi>Rain</hi> sprays his
face--
</view>
<view>
 <camera>Max's POV</camera> He sees occasional
windows open, and just across from his apartment
house, a <hi>man</hi> opens the front door of
a brownstone--
</view>

<view>

<view>
 <name>馬克思</name>隨他女兒到窗邊。<hi>雨水</hi> 打在他臉上--
</view>
<view>
 <camera>馬克思的視點</camera> 他看見一些打開的窗戶，而就在他公寓對面，有一個<hi>男子</hi> 正打開富麗堂皇的大門。--
</view>

10. Dictionaries

10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries

<entry>
 <form type="contraction">
  <orth>neither</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈnaɪðə</pron>,
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈni:ðə</pron>
 </form>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>neither foot is swollen</quote>
 </cit>
 <note type="usage">A verb following a compound subject
   that uses <hi rend="italic">neither</hi>… should be
   in the singular if both subjects are in the singular:
 <hi rend="italic">neither Jack nor John has done the work</hi>
 </note>
</entry>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<note target="#exp01">The stroke added to
the final d could signify the plural ending (-es, -is, -ys>) but the
singular <hi rend="it">goode</hi> was used with the meaning <q>property</q>,
<q>wealth</q>, at this time (v. examples quoted in OED, sb. Good, C. 7, b,
c, d and 8 spec.)</note>

12.4.2. Lines

I have once — by
declaring I would prosecute by law — hindered a man's proceedings who <hi rend="underline">had obtained all the letters to Mr Boyd</hi>

12.4.2. Lines

I have once — by declaring I would prosecute
by law — hindered a man's proceedings who <hi xml:id="cstart1" rend="underline">had
obtained all the letters to Mr Boyd</hi>
<!-- ... -->
<certainty target="#cstart1" locus="start"
 degree="0.70">
 <desc>may begin with previous word</desc>
</certainty>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" xml:id="rdg1.1nundum"
  ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <witDetail wit="#G" target="#rdg1.1nundum">corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>
 </witDetail>
</app>

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <wit>
  <ref target="#G">G</ref>(corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>)<ref target="#P">P</ref>
 </wit>
</app>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<witness xml:id="Σ">Servius (<abbr type="siglum">Σ</abbr>) = ΔΓ
<listWit>
  <witness xml:id="Δ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Δ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="J">
     <abbr type="siglum">J</abbr> = Metens. Bibl. mun. 292, s. IX </witness>
    <witness xml:id="L">
     <abbr type="siglum">L</abbr> = Leid. Bibl. der Rijksuniv. B.P.L. 52, s. VIII / IX</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
  <witness xml:id="Γ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Γ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="θ">
     <abbr type="siglum">θ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Α">
       <abbr type="siglum">A</abbr> = Caroliruh. Bad. Landesbibl. Aug. CXVI, s. IX2 (Reichenau); de codice A derivati:
      <listWit>
        <witness xml:id="S">
         <abbr type="siglum">S</abbr> = Sangall. Stiftsbibl. 861 + 862, s. IX / X</witness>
        <witness xml:id="Guelf">
         <abbr type="siglum">Guelf.</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2546 (44.23 Aug. fol.), s. XV</witness>
       </listWit>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="O">
       <abbr type="siglum">O</abbr> = Oxon. Bodl. Laud lat. 117, s. XI<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="τ">
     <abbr type="siglum">τ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Pa">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pa</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7959, s. IX (Tours)</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pc">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pc</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7961, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Q">
       <abbr type="siglum">Q</abbr>Flor. BML Plut. 45.14, s. IX</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Lb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Lb</abbr> = corrector cod. <ref target="#L">L</ref> (sup.)</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="γ">
     <abbr type="siglum">γ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="E">
       <abbr type="siglum">E</abbr> = Escorial. Bibl. S. Lorenzo T.II.17, s. IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi> (Ital. septentrion.) </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pb</abbr>Paris. BnF lat. 16236, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Y">
       <abbr type="siglum">Y</abbr> = Trident. Bib. com. 3388 (olim Vind. 72), s.
             IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="M">
       <abbr type="siglum">M</abbr> = Monac. Bay. Staatsbibl. Clm 6394, s. XI
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="σ">
     <abbr type="siglum">σ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="W">
       <abbr type="siglum">W</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2091, s. XIII<hi rend="superscript">ex.</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Ν">
       <abbr type="siglum">N</abbr> = Neap. Bibl. naz. lat. 5 (olim Vind. 27), s.
             X<hi rend="superscript">1</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="U">
       <abbr type="siglum">U</abbr> = Berolin. Staatsbibl. lat. quart. 219, s. XII</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="ο">
     <abbr type="siglum">º</abbr> classis codicum de Γ defluentium quibus lectiones faciliores in contextum contaminatione inferre valde placuit (= PaPcγσ in A. 9.1-10.190, 10.397-12.162; PaPcγU in A. 12.162-320; PaPcγ in A. 12.320-522); cf. praef. n. 30.</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
 </listWit>
</witness>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.2. Organizational Names

THE TICKET which you will
receive herewith has been formed by the <orgName>Democratic Whig <name type="role">party</name>
</orgName> after the most careful deliberation, with a reference to all the great objects of NATIONAL, STATE, COUNTY and
CITY concern, and with a single eye to the <hi>Welfare and Best Interests of the Community</hi>.

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

<p>The Poole by S. <hi>Giles</hi> Churchyarde was a large water in the yeare <date calendar="#Julian_England">1244</date>.</p>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

<formula>

<formula notation="none">E=mc<hi rend="sup">2</hi>
</formula>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<ab style="text-align: center;">
 <lb/>SACRED
<lb/>to the memory of
<lb/>
 <abbr>M<hi rend="superscript">rs</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> ALICE HUTTON
<lb/>born at Che<g ref="#long-s">s</g>terfield in
<lb/>Great Britain,
<lb/>
 <abbr>Jan<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>25<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1722:
<lb/>and died in Carolina
<lb/>
 <abbr>Sept<hi rend="superscript">r</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>26<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1777.
<lb/>This <g ref="#long-s">s</g>tone
<lb/>is placed by her only Child
<lb/>ANN BOOTH POLLOK
</ab>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>The First Book of Moses, Called</head>
 <head type="main">Genesis</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <ab n="1">In the beginning God created the heaven and the
     earth.</ab>
  <ab n="2">And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness
  <hi>was</hi> upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God
     moved upon the face of the waters.</ab>
  <ab n="3">And God said, Let there be light: and there was
     light.</ab>
 </div2>
</div1>

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.4.2. Output Rendition

<hi style="font-weight:bold;">this is in bold</hi>

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C Elements

<distinct>

<distinct> identifies any word or phrase which is regarded as linguistically distinct, for example as archaic, technical, dialectal, non-preferred, etc., or as forming part of a sublanguage. [3.3.2.3. Other Linguistically Distinct Material]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
specifies the sublanguage or register to which the word or phrase is being assigned.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

time time⚓︎
specifies how the phrase is distinct diachronically.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

space space⚓︎
specifies how the phrase is distinct diatopically.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

social social⚓︎
specifies how the phrase is distinct diastratically.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

Member of

model.emphLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

Next morning a boy
in that dormitory confided to his bosom friend, a <distinct type="ps_slang">fag</distinct> of
Macrea's, that there was trouble in their midst which King <distinct type="archaic">would fain</distinct>
keep secret.

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element distinct
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute time { teidata.text }?,
   attribute space { teidata.text }?,
   attribute social { teidata.text }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <distinct>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <distinct> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <distinct> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.2.3. Other Linguistically Distinct Material

Next morning a boy in that dormitory confided to his
bosom friend, a <distinct type="psSlang">fag</distinct> of
Macrea's, that there was trouble in their midst which
King <distinct type="archaic">would fain</distinct> keep
secret.

3.3.2.3. Other Linguistically Distinct Material

Next morning a boy in that dormitory confided to his
bosom friend, a
<distinct time="1900" space="GB"
 social="publicschool">fag</distinct>
of Macrea's, that there was trouble in their midst which
King <distinct time="archaic">would fain</distinct> keep
secret.

<distinct>

Next morning a boy
in that dormitory confided to his bosom friend, a <distinct type="ps_slang">fag</distinct> of
Macrea's, that there was trouble in their midst which King <distinct type="archaic">would fain</distinct>
keep secret.

<distinct>

<p>- Elle fait chier, cette <distinct type="verlan">meuf</distinct>. Tu confonds amour et
<distinct type="argot">piquouse</distinct>. Tu l'auras, ton <distinct type="argot">shoot</distinct>, merde ! </p>

<distinct>

張曼玉即使年過四十，依舊<distinct type="成語">風姿綽約</distinct> ，果然是東方<distinct type="hk_slang">靚妹</distinct>的最佳代表。

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C Elements

<said>

<said> (speech or thought) indicates passages thought or spoken aloud, whether explicitly indicated in the source or not, whether directly or indirectly reported, whether by real people or fictional characters. [3.3.3. Quotation]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.cmc

@generatedBy

aloud aloud⚓︎
may be used to indicate whether the quoted matter is regarded as having been vocalized or signed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

<p> Celia thought privately, <said aloud="false">Dorothea quite despises Sir James Chettam;
   I believe she would not accept him.</said> Celia felt that this was a pity.

<!-- ... -->
</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Note

The value true indicates the encoded passage was expressed outwardly (whether spoken, signed, sung, screamed, chanted, etc.); the value false indicates that the encoded passage was thought, but not outwardly expressed.

direct direct⚓︎
may be used to indicate whether the quoted matter is regarded as direct or indirect speech.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Default
true

<!-- in the header --><editorialDecl>
 <quotation marks="none"/>
</editorialDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Tantripp had brought a card, and said that <said direct="false">there was a gentleman waiting in the lobby</said>.
The courier had told him that <said direct="false">only Mrs. Casaubon was at home</said>,
but he said <said direct="false">he was a relation of Mr. Casaubon's: would she see him?</said>
</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Note

The value true indicates the speech or thought is represented directly; the value false that speech or thought is represented indirectly, e.g. by use of a marked verbal aspect.

Member of

model.attributable

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope cit citedRange corr del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<!-- in the header --><editorialDecl>
 <quotation marks="all"/>
</editorialDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>
 <said>"Our minstrel here will warm the old man's heart with song, dazzle him with jewels and
   gold"</said>, a troublemaker simpered. <said>"He'll trample on the Duke's camellias, spill
   his wine, and blunt his sword, and say his name begins with X, and in the end the Duke
   will say, <said>'Take Saralinda, with my blessing, O lordly Prince of Rags and Tags, O
     rider of the sun!'</said>"</said>
</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<p>
 <said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">Hmmm</said>, said a small voice in his ear.
<said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">Difficult. Very difficult. Plenty of courage, I see.
   Not a bad mind either. there's talent, oh my goodness, yes — and a nice thirst to prove
   yourself, now that's interesting. … So where shall I put you?</said>
</p>
<p>Harry gripped the edges of the stool and thought, <said aloud="false" rend="italic">Not
   Slytherin, not Slytherin</said>.</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element said
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   attribute aloud { teidata.xTruthValue }?,
   attribute direct { teidata.xTruthValue }?,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <said> (speech or thought)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <said> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <said> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

6. Verse

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said>— Alors, Albert, quoi de neuf?</said>
<said>— Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said>— Il fait beau,</said> dit Robert.

3.3.3. Quotation

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Alors,
Albert, quoi de neuf ?</said>
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said rendition="#dashBefore">Il fait beau,</said>
dit Robert.

<!-- ... within the header -->
<rendition xml:id="dashBefore"
 scope="before">content: '— '</rendition>
<!-- ... -->
<quotation marks="none"/>

3.3.3. Quotation

<said rend="pre(‘) post(’)">Who-e debel
you?</said> — he at last said —
<said rend="pre(‘) post(’)">you no speak-e,
damme, I kill-e.</said> And so saying,
the lighted tomahawk began flourishing
about me in the dark.

3.3.3. Quotation

<said>Who-e debel
you?</said> — he at last said —
<said>you no speak-e,
damme, I kill-e.</said> And so saying,
the lighted tomahawk began flourishing
about me in the dark.

<!-- in the header: -->
<tagsDecl partial="true">
 <rendition scheme="css" selector="said"
  scope="before">content:"‘";</rendition>
 <rendition scheme="css" selector="said"
  scope="after">content:"’";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>

3.3.3. Quotation

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said who="#Ado" toWhom="#Alb">— Alors, Albert, quoi de neuf?</said>
<said who="#Alb" toWhom="#Ado">— Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said who="#Rob">— Il fait beau,</said> dit Robert.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document -->
<standOff>
 <listPerson type="speakers">
  <person xml:id="Ado">
   <persName>Adolphe</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Alb">
   <persName>Albert</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Rob">
   <persName>Robert</persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

3.3.3. Quotation

<said aloud="true">Oh yes,</said> said Henry,
<said aloud="false">I mean
Gordon Macrae, for example…</said>
<said aloud="false">Jungian
Analyst with Winebox! That's what you called him, you callous bastard,
didn't you? Eh? Eh?</said>

3.3.3. Quotation

<said who="#Wilson">Spaulding, he came down into the office just this day
eight weeks with this very paper in his hand, and he says:—
<said who="#WilsonSpaulding">I wish to the Lord, Mr. Wilson, that I was a
   red-headed man.</said>
</said>
<!-- ... -->
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="Wilson">Wilson</item>
 <item xml:id="WilsonSpaulding">Spaulding reported by Wilson</item>
<!-- ...-->
</list>

3.3.3. Quotation

<p>
 <said>The Lord! The Lord! It is Sakya Muni himself,</said> the lama half
sobbed; and under his breath began the wonderful Buddhist
invocation:-<said>
  <quote>
   <l>To Him the Way — the Law — Apart —</l>
   <l>Whom Maya held beneath her heart</l>
   <l>Ananda's Lord — the Bodhisat</l>
  </quote>
   And He is here! The Most Excellent Law is here also. My
   pilgrimage is well begun. And what work! What work!</said>
</p>

<said>

<p> Celia thought privately, <said aloud="false">Dorothea quite despises Sir James Chettam;
   I believe she would not accept him.</said> Celia felt that this was a pity.

<!-- ... -->
</p>

<said>

<!-- in the header --><editorialDecl>
 <quotation marks="none"/>
</editorialDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Tantripp had brought a card, and said that <said direct="false">there was a gentleman waiting in the lobby</said>.
The courier had told him that <said direct="false">only Mrs. Casaubon was at home</said>,
but he said <said direct="false">he was a relation of Mr. Casaubon's: would she see him?</said>
</p>

<said>

<!-- in the header --><editorialDecl>
 <quotation marks="all"/>
</editorialDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>
 <said>"Our minstrel here will warm the old man's heart with song, dazzle him with jewels and
   gold"</said>, a troublemaker simpered. <said>"He'll trample on the Duke's camellias, spill
   his wine, and blunt his sword, and say his name begins with X, and in the end the Duke
   will say, <said>'Take Saralinda, with my blessing, O lordly Prince of Rags and Tags, O
     rider of the sun!'</said>"</said>
</p>

<said>

<p>Ils l'entendaient murmurer : <said> Morts ! Tous morts ! Vous ne viendrez plus obéissant
   à ma voix, quand, assise sur le bord du lac, je vous jetais dans la gueule des pépins de
   pastèques ! Le mystère de Tanit roulait au fond de vos yeux, plus limpides que les
   globules des fleuves.</said> Et elle les appelait par leurs noms, qui étaient les noms
des mois.<said>Siv ! Sivan ! Tammouz, Eloul, Tischri, Schebar ! Ah ! pitié pour moi,
   Déesse ! </said>
</p>

<said>

<p>
 <said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">On veut donc plaire à sa petite fille ?...
 </said>, dit Caroline en mettant sa tête sur l'épaule d'Adolphe, qui la baise au front en
pensant : <said aloud="false">Dieu merci, je la tiens! </said>.
</p>

<said>

<p>
 <said>一路下去，慢慢我發覺我和王一生之間，既開始有互相的信任和基於經驗的同情，又有各自的疑問。</said>
他總是問我與他認識之前是怎麼生活的，尤其是父母死後的兩年是怎麼混的。<said>我大略地告訴他，可他又特別在一些細節上詳細地打聽，主要是關於吃。例如講到有一次我一天沒有吃到東西，他就問：<said> 「一點兒都沒吃到嗎？」</said>
 </said>
</p>

<said>

<p>
 <said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">嗯，</said>他耳邊傳來小小的聲音說： <said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">有點難以決定，非常困難。 很有勇氣、頭腦也不錯、有天份。喔！我的天啊！沒錯— 還有熱切證明自我的渴望，這真的很有趣。…
   我應該把你分發到哪呢？</said>
</p>
<p>哈利抓緊分類帽的邊緣想著：<said aloud="false" rend="italic">不要是史來哲林，千萬不要</said>。</p>

<said>

<p>
 <said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">Hmmm</said>, said a small voice in his ear.
<said aloud="true" rend="pre(“) post(”)">Difficult. Very difficult. Plenty of courage, I see.
   Not a bad mind either. there's talent, oh my goodness, yes — and a nice thirst to prove
   yourself, now that's interesting. … So where shall I put you?</said>
</p>
<p>Harry gripped the edges of the stool and thought, <said aloud="false" rend="italic">Not
   Slytherin, not Slytherin</said>.</p>

6. Verse

6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

<lg type="couplet">
 <l>
  <said xml:id="eg1-said1"
   next="#eg1-said2">Our lives</said>, ſaid he,
 <said xml:id="eg1-said2"
   next="#eg1-said3" prev="#eg1-said1">wee'll give before we yield</said>,
 </l>
 <l>
  <said xml:id="eg1-said3"
   prev="#eg1-said2">Wee'll win your battles, or dye in the field</said>.
 </l>
</lg>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<ab>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children And a first-rate
body—pointed her finger at the back of one certain man and asked me,
<said>Is that guy a psychiatrist?</said> and by god he was!
<said>Yes,</said> She said, <said>He <emph>looks</emph> like a
   psychiatrist.</said> Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and
thought.</ab>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<lg>
 <l>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</l>
 <l>And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</l>
 <l>at the back of one certain man and asked me,</l>
 <l>
  <said n="quotation1">Is that guy a psychiatrist?</said> and by god he was!
 <said n="quotation2">Yes,</said>
 </l>
 <l>She said, <said n="quotation2">He <emph>looks</emph> like a
     psychiatrist.</said>
 </l>
 <l>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</l>
</lg>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<quote>

<quote> (quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text. [3.3.3. Quotation 4.3.1. Grouped Texts]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.msExcerpt

@defective

att.notated

@notation

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.biblPart model.quoteLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

If a bibliographic citation is supplied for the source of a quotation, the two may be grouped using the cit element.

Example

Lexicography has shown little sign of being affected by the
work of followers of J.R. Firth, probably best summarized in his
slogan, <quote>You shall know a word by the company it
keeps</quote>
<ref>(Firth, 1957)</ref>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element quote
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.msExcerpt.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <quote> (quotation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <quote> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <quote> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago-15_ed">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago-15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>.
<pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>:
<publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher>
(<date>2003</date>),
<biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/15/ch05/ch05_sec002.html">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... --> As Willard McCarty (<bibl xml:id="mcc_2012">2012, p.2</bibl>) tells us, <quote source="#mcc_2012">‘Collaboration’ is a problematic and should be a contested
   term.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago_15_ed">Grammatical theories are in flux, and the more we learn, the
   less we seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago_15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>. <pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of
   Chicago Press</publisher> (<date>2003</date>), <biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

2. The TEI Header

<punctuation>

<p>I would agree with Saint Augustine that “<quote>An unjust law is no law at all</quote>.”</p>

<punctuation>

<p>I would agree with Saint Augustine that <quote>“An unjust law is no law at all.”</quote>
</p>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<p>
 <said>The Lord! The Lord! It is Sakya Muni himself,</said> the lama half
sobbed; and under his breath began the wonderful Buddhist
invocation:-<said>
  <quote>
   <l>To Him the Way — the Law — Apart —</l>
   <l>Whom Maya held beneath her heart</l>
   <l>Ananda's Lord — the Bodhisat</l>
  </quote>
   And He is here! The Most Excellent Law is here also. My
   pilgrimage is well begun. And what work! What work!</said>
</p>

3.3.3. Quotation

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

3.3.3. Quotation

Lexicography has shown little sign of being affected by the
work of followers of J.R. Firth, probably best summarized
in his slogan, <cit>
 <quote>You shall know a word by the company it keeps.</quote>
 <ref>(Firth, 1957)</ref>
</cit>

3.3.3. Quotation

<bibl xml:id="tlk_36">Tolkien (1936)</bibl> tells us that
<quote source="#tlk_36">
 <title>Beowulf</title> is in fact so interesting as
poetry, in places poetry so powerful, that this quite
overshadows the historical content
</quote>.

<quote>

Lexicography has shown little sign of being affected by the
work of followers of J.R. Firth, probably best summarized in his
slogan, <quote>You shall know a word by the company it
keeps</quote>
<ref>(Firth, 1957)</ref>

<quote>

C'est sûrement ça
qu'on appelle la glorieuse liberté des enfants de Dieu. <quote>Aime et fais tout ce que tu
voudras.</quote>Mais moi, ça me démolit.

<quote>

孟懿子問孝。子曰：<quote>無違。</quote>
<ref>(論語：卷一：為政第二)</ref>

<cit>

<cit>
 <quote>and the breath of the whale is frequently attended with such an insupportable smell,
   as to bring on disorder of the brain.</quote>
 <bibl>Ulloa's South America</bibl>
</cit>

<cit>

<cit>
 <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde</quote>
 <bibl>Jules Verne, Michel Strogof</bibl>
</cit>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>to horrify</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>horrifier</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<cit>
 <quote>棋開始了。上千人不再出聲兒。只有自願服務的人一會兒緊一會兒慢地用話傳出棋步，外邊兒自願服務的人就變動著棋子兒。</quote>
 <bibl>阿城，《棋王》。</bibl>
</cit>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="zh">
  <quote>使驚嚇</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="zh">
   <quote>成本把她嚇呆了。</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>to horrify</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<cit type="example">
 <quote xml:lang="mix">Ka'an yu tsa'a Pedro.</quote>
 <media url="soundfiles-gen:S_speak_1s_on_behalf_of_Pedro_01_02_03_TS.wav"
  mimeType="audio/wav"/>
 <cit type="translation">
  <quote xml:lang="en">I'm speaking on behalf of Pedro.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="translation">
  <quote xml:lang="es">Estoy hablando de parte de Pedro.</quote>
 </cit>
</cit>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="fro">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulaire</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="fr">Ancien français</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="fr">Français moderne</headItem>
 <label>amerté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">amertume</item>
 <label>barquer</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire une barque</item>
 <label>biberon</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">goulot d'un vase.</item>
 <label>bugle</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">jeune boeuf</item>
 <label>cestui</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">celui-ci</item>
 <label>chaitiveté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">captivité</item>
 <label>duire</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire</item>
 <label>dangier</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">puissance, pouvoir</item>
 <label>sangler</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">singularis</item>
 <label>vespre </label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">tombée du jour (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Lexique de Godefroy</ref>
   <quote>de hautes vespres : tard dans la soirée.</quote>
  </cit>)</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="zh">
 <head xml:lang="zh">字彙</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="zh-CN">簡體中文</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="zh-TW">繁體中文</headItem>
 <label>尘</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">塵</item>
 <label>业</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">業</item>
 <label>处</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">處</item>
 <label>个</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">個</item>
 <label>与</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">與</item>
 <label>军队</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">軍隊</item>
 <label>疏远</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">疏遠</item>
 <label>后汉</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">後漢<cit>
   <ref>出師表</ref>
   <quote>亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是<term>后汉</term>所以倾覆衰败的原因</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>叹息</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">嘆息</item>
 <label>认为</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">認為</item>
 <label>诚实</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">誠實</item>
 <label>获得</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">獲得</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>March 1757.</label>
 <item>I wrote some critical observations upon Plautus.</item>
 <label>March 8th.</label>
 <item>I wrote a long dissertation upon some lines of Virgil.</item>
 <label>June.</label>
 <item>I saw Mademoiselle Curchod — <quote xml:lang="la">Omnia vincit amor, et nos cedamus
     amori.</quote>
 </item>
 <label>August.</label>
 <item>I went to Crassy, and staid two days.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>March 1757.</label>
 <item>I wrote some critical observations upon Plautus.</item>
 <label>March 8th.</label>
 <item>I wrote a long dissertation upon some lines of Virgil.</item>
 <label>June.</label>
 <item>I saw Mademoiselle Curchod — <quote xml:lang="la">Omnia vincit amor, et nos cedamus
     amori.</quote>
 </item>
 <label>August.</label>
 <item>I went to Crassy, and staid two days.</item>
</list>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div n="19" type="chap">
 <head>Chapter 19</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I pity the man who can travel
       from Dan to Beersheba, and say <q>'Tis all
         barren;</q> and so is all the world to him
       who will not cultivate the fruits it offers.
   </quote>
   <bibl>Sterne: Sentimental Journey.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>To say that Deronda was romantic would be to
   misrepresent him: but under his calm and somewhat
   self-repressed exterior ...</p>
</div>

<epigraph>

<epigraph xml:lang="la">
 <cit>
  <bibl>Lucret.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="F">petere inde coronam,</l>
   <l>Vnde prius nulli velarint tempora Musae.</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

<epigraph>

<epigraph xml:lang="zh">
 <cit>
  <bibl>俞平伯</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="N">小燕子其實也無所愛，</l>
   <l>只是沉浸在朦朧而飄忽的夏夜夢里罷了。</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<div n="2" type="chap">
 <head>Extracts</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a sub-sub-Librarian)</head>
 <p>It will be seen that this mere painstaking burrower and
   grubworm of a poor devil of a Sub-Sub appears to have gone
   through the long Vaticans and street-stalls of the earth,
   picking up whatever random allusions to whales he could
   anyways find ...
   Here ye strike but splintered hearts together — there,
   ye shall strike unsplinterable glasses!</p>
 <p>
  <cit>
   <quote>And God created great whales.</quote>
   <bibl>Genesis</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Leviathan maketh a path to shine after him;</l>
    <l>One would think the deep to be hoary.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>Job</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>By art is created that great Leviathan,
       called a Commonwealth or State — (in Latin,
   <mentioned xml:lang="la">civitas</mentioned>), which
       is but an artificial man.</quote>
   <bibl>Opening sentence of Hobbes's Leviathan</bibl>
  </cit>
 </p>
</div>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>The Gentleman having finish'd his Story, Galecia waited on him to
the Stairs-head; and at her return, casting her Eyes on the Table, she
saw lying there an old dirty rumpled Book, and found in it the
following story: </p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <p> IN the time of the Holy War when
     Christians from all parts went into the Holy Land to oppose the Turks;
     Amongst these there was a certain English Knight...</p>
<!-- rest of story here -->
  <p>The King graciously pardoned the Knight; Richard was kindly receiv'd
     into his Convent, and all things went on in good order: But from hence
     came the Proverb, We must not strike <hi>Robert</hi> for
  <hi>Richard.</hi>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="43"/>
<p>By this time Galecia's Maid brought up her Supper; after which she
cast her Eyes again on the foresaid little Book, where she found the
following Story, which she read through before she went to bed.
</p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Cause of the Moors Overrunning
  <hi>Spain</hi>
  </head>
  <p>King ———— of Spain at his Death, committed the Government of his
     Kingdom to his Brother Don ——— till his little Son should come of
     Age ...</p>
  <p>Thus the little Story ended, without telling what Misery
     befel the King and Kingdom, by the Moors, who over ran the Country for
     many Years after. To which, we may well apply the Proverb,
  <quote>
    <l>Who drives the Devil's Stages,</l>
    <l>Deserves the Devil's Wages</l>
   </quote>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<p>The reading this Trifle of a Story detained Galecia from her Rest
beyond her usual Hour; for she slept so sound the next Morning, that
she did not rise, till a Lady's Footman came to tell her, that his
Lady and another or two were coming to breakfast with her...
</p>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla
     pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: <q xml:lang="grc">Σίβυλλα τί
       θέλεις</q>; respondebat illa: <q xml:lang="grc">ὰποθανεῖν θέλω.</q>
  </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>For Ezra Pound <q xml:lang="it">il miglior fabbro.</q>
  </p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>à la mémoire de Raymond Queneau</p>
 </div>
 <div type="avertissement">
  <p>L'amitié, l'histoire et la littérature m'ont fourni quelques-uns
     des.personnages de ce livre. Toute autre ressemblance avec des
     individus vivants ou ayant réellement ou fictivement existé ne
     saurait être que coïncidence.</p>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde <bibl>(Jules Verne, Michel
         Strogoff )</bibl>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
 </div>
 <div type="preambule">
  <head>PRÉAMBULE</head>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>
    <q>L'œil suit les chemins qui lui ont été ménagés dans l'oeuvre
    <bibl>(Paul Klee, Pädagosisches Skizzenbuch)</bibl>
    </q>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
  <p> Au départ, l'art du puzzle semble un art bref, un art mince, tout
     entier contenu dans un maigre enseignement de la Gestalttheorie :
     ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>小燕子其實也無所愛，只是沉浸在朦朧而飄忽的夏夜夢里罷了。 </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>《憶》第三十五首</p>
 </div>
</front>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

<post>

<post when="1990-10-11" who="#dmerritt"
 xml:id="sgml-tei-3" replyTo="#sgml-tei-1">
 <time generatedBy="system">04:37:51 UTC</time>
 <p>
  <seg generatedBy="system">In article
  <ref target="#sgml-tei-1"><2****.**********0@m*******.***.*****.**c.uk></ref> S.*.*.*****z@e**.*****.**c.uk (Sebastian Rahtz) writes:</seg>
  <cit>
   <bibl>[for] Lou Burnard:</bibl>
   <quote>the Text Encoding Initiative document is a many-splendoured thing,
       redolent of the mysterious east, caribbean evenings and the scent of
       fresh pine in the himalayas [...]</quote>
  </cit>
 </p>
 <p>Very poetic.</p>
 <p>But really, what is it?</p>
 <signed generatedBy="human">Doug</signed>
 <signed generatedBy="template">Doug Merritt ****@e***.********y.edu (ucbvax!eris!doug) or uunet.uu.net!crossck!dougm
 </signed>
</post>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années.</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
   <title>Le Cid</title>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">現代</usg>
 <def>胭脂和香粉，舊時借指婦女</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>那一年頌蓮留著齊耳的短髮，用一條天藍色的緞帶箍住，她的臉是圓圓的，不施脂粉，但顯得有點蒼白。</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>蘇童</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>OAS</quote>
  <def>illegal military organization supporting French rule of
     Algeria</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<quote>the multiplex eye of the fly.</quote>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<cit type="example">
 <quote>the multiplex eye of the fly.</quote>
</cit>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="colloc">
  <oRef type="cap"/> and <mentioned>any</mentioned> are used with
 <mentioned>more</mentioned>
 </usg>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>Give me <oRef/> more</quote>
  <pron extent="part">s@'mO:(r)</pron>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>to horrify</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<sense n="a">
 <usg type="dom">Peinture</usg>
 <usg type="style">lit</usg>
 <usg type="style">fig</usg>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>palette</quote>
 </cit>
</sense>
<sense n="b">
 <usg type="dom">Boucherie</usg>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>shoulder</quote>
 </cit>
</sense>
<sense n="c">
 <sense>
  <usg type="syn">aube de roue</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>paddle</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
 <sense>
  <usg type="syn">battoir à linge</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>beetle</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Manutention</usg>
  <usg type="dom">Constr</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>pallet</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
</sense>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<entry>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>reseating</quote>
  <quote>rebottoming</quote>
  <usg type="hint">with straw</usg>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries

<entry>
 <form type="contraction">
  <orth>neither</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈnaɪðə</pron>,
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈni:ðə</pron>
 </form>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>neither foot is swollen</quote>
 </cit>
 <note type="usage">A verb following a compound subject
   that uses <hi rend="italic">neither</hi>… should be
   in the singular if both subjects are in the singular:
 <hi rend="italic">neither Jack nor John has done the work</hi>
 </note>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth xml:id="di-o1">vag-</orth>
  <orth xml:id="di-o2">vago-</orth>
 </form>
 <def>vagus nerve</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o1" type="noHyph"/>al</quote>
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o2" type="noHyph"/>tomy</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<cit type="example">
 <quote>Mr Burton <oRef type="pt">took</oRef> us for French</quote>
</cit>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<cit type="example">
 <quote>was quite <oRef type="pp">
   <oRef/>n</oRef> with him</quote>
</cit>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<cit type="example">
 <quote>it's easy to <oRef next="#ov2" xml:id="ov1">mix</oRef>
   her <oRef prev="#ov1" xml:id="ov2">up</oRef> with her sister</quote>
</cit>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>academy</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>The Royal <oRef type="cap"/> of Arts</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>fait-tout</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <q>Des casseroles et des "<oRef type="noHyph"/>faitouts" pour les ménagères.</q>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>學院</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>皇家藝術<oRef/>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<pRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>umfahren</orth>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren1">umf'ahren</pron>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren2">'umfahren</pron>
 </form>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul musste die Pfütze <pRef target="#umfahren1"/>, wenn er nicht nass werden wollte.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul wollte das Schild nicht absichtlich <pRef target="#umfahren2"/> und beschädigen.</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.3.8. Heraldry

<p>Ownership stamp (xvii cent.) on i recto with the arms <heraldry>A bull
   passant within a bordure bezanty, in chief a crescent for difference</heraldry>
[Cole], crest, and the legend <quote>Cole Deum</quote>.</p>
<!-- ... -->
<p>A c. 8r fregio su due lati, <heraldry>stemma e imprese medicee</heraldry>
racchiudono l'inizio dell'epistolario di Paolino.</p>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Spaces for initials and chapter headings were left by the scribe but not
   filled in. A later, probably fifteenth-century, hand has added initials and
   chapter headings in greenish-coloured ink on fols <locus>8r</locus>,
 <locus>8v</locus>, <locus>9r</locus>, <locus>10r</locus> and <locus>11r</locus>.
   Although a few of these chapter headings are now rather difficult to read, most
   can be made out, e.g. fol. <locus>8rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">floti ast<ex>ri</ex>d<ex>ar</ex>
  </quote>; fol.
 <locus>9rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">v<ex>m</ex> olaf conung</quote>, and fol.
 <locus>10ra</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">Gipti<ex>n</ex>g ol<ex>a</ex>fs
     k<ex>onun</ex>gs</quote>.</p>
 <p>The manuscript contains the following marginalia: <list>
   <item>Fol. <locus>4v</locus>, left margin: <quote xml:lang="is">hialmadr
    <ex>ok</ex>
     <lb/>brynjadr</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, imitating an addition made
       to the text by the scribe at this point.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>5r</locus>, lower margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þ<ex>e</ex>tta
         þiki m<ex>er</ex> v<ex>er</ex>a gott blek en<ex>n</ex>da kan<ex>n</ex> ek icki
         betr sia</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, probably the same as that on the
       previous page.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>9v</locus>, bottom margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þessa bok
         uilda eg <sic>gæt</sic> lært med
    <lb/>an Gud gefe myer Gott ad
    <lb/>læra</quote>; seventeenth-century hand.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
 <p>There are in addition a number of illegible scribbles in a later hand (or
   hands) on fols <locus>2r</locus>, <locus>3r</locus>, <locus>5v</locus> and
 <locus>19r</locus>.</p>
</additions>

11.7.3.2. Seals

<sealDesc>
 <seal n="1" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>Round seal of <name>Anders Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         930</ref>
   </bibl>. Parchment tag, on which is written: <quote>pertinere nos
       predictorum placiti nostri iusticarii precessorum dif</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
 <seal n="2" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         1061</ref>
   </bibl>. Legend: <quote>S IOHANNES OLAVI</quote>. Parchment tag on
     which is written: <quote>Woldorp Iohanne G</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

11.7.3.3. Accompanying Material

<accMat>
 <p>A slip in Árni Magnússon's hand has been stuck to the pastedown on the inside
   front cover; the text reads: <quote xml:lang="is">Þidreks Søgu þessa hefi eg
     feiged af Sekreterer Wielandt Anno 1715 i Kaupmanna høfn. Hun er, sem eg sie,
     Copia af Austfirda bókinni (Eidagás) en<ex>n</ex> ecki progenies Brædratungu
     bokarinnar. Og er þar fyrer eigi i allan<ex>n</ex> máta samhlioda
     þ<ex>eir</ex>re er Sr Jon Erlendz son hefer ritad fyrer Mag. Bryniolf. Þesse
     Þidreks Saga mun vera komin fra Sr Vigfuse á Helgafelle.</quote>
 </p>
</accMat>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="A">die sog. <soCalled>Kleine (oder alte)
     Heidelberger Liederhandschrift</soCalled>.
 <bibl>Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg col. pal.
     germ. 357. Pergament, 45 Fll. 18,5 × 13,5 cm.</bibl>
   Wahrscheinlich die älteste der drei großen Hss. Sie
 <quote>datiert aus dem 13. Jahrhundert, etwa um 1275. Ihre Sprache
     weist ins Elsaß, evtl. nach Straßburg. Man geht wohl nicht
     fehl, in ihr eine Sammlung aus dem Stadtpatriziat zu sehen</quote>
   (<bibl>
   <author>Blank</author>, [vgl. <ref>Lit. z. Hss. Bd. 2,
       S. 39</ref>] S. 14</bibl>). Sie enthält 34 namentlich
   genannte Dichter. <quote>Zu den Vorzügen von A gehört, daß
     sie kaum je bewußt geändert hat, so daß sie für
     manche Dichter ... oft den besten Text liefert</quote> (so wohl mit
   Recht <bibl>
   <author>v. Kraus</author>
  </bibl>).</witness>
 <witness xml:id="a">Bezeichnung <bibl>
   <author>Lachmann</author>
  </bibl>s für die von einer 2. Hand auf bl. 40–43
   geschriebenen Strophen der Hs. A.</witness>
 <witness xml:id="B">die <soCalled>Weingartner (Stuttgarter)
     Liederhandschrift</soCalled>. <bibl>Württembergische
     Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, HB XIII poetae germanici 1.
     Pergament, 156 Bll. 15 × 11,5 cm; 25 teils ganzseitig,
     teils halbseitige Miniaturen.</bibl> Kaum vor 1306 in Konstanz
   geschrieben. Sie enthält Lieder von 25 namentlich genannten
   Dichtern. (Dazu kommen Gedichte von einigen ungenannten
   bzw. unbekannten Dichtern, ein Marienlobpreis und eine
   Minnelehre.)</witness>
</listWit>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,</l>
<l>
 <note type="imitation" place="bottom">
  <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
   <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
  </quote>
 </note>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,
</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,
<ptr rend="unmarked" target="#note3.284"/>
</l>
<l>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>
<note xml:id="note3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
 </quote>
</note>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note type="imitation" place="bottom"
 target="#L3.284">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note xml:id="n3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>
<link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note type="imitation" place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" xml:id="r3.284"
  target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
<!-- ... -->
</note>
<!-- ... -->
<link target="#r3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.3. Groups of Links

<l xml:id="L2.79">A place there is, betwixt earth, air and seas</l>
<l xml:id="L2.80">Where from Ambrosia, Jove retires for ease.</l>
<!-- ... -->
<l xml:id="L2.88">Sign'd with that Ichor which from Gods distills.</l>
<!-- ... -->
<note xml:id="n2.79" place="bottom"
 anchored="false">
 <bibl>Ovid Met. 12.</bibl>
 <quote xml:lang="la">
  <l>Orbe locus media est, inter terrasq; fretumq;</l>
  <l>Cœlestesq; plagas —</l>
 </quote>
</note>
<note xml:id="n2.88" place="bottom"
 anchored="false"> Alludes to <bibl>Homer, Iliad 5</bibl> ...
</note>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<q>

<q> (quoted) contains material which is distinguished from the surrounding text using quotation marks or a similar method, for any one of a variety of reasons including, but not limited to: direct speech or thought, technical terms or jargon, authorial distance, quotations from elsewhere, and passages that are mentioned but not used. [3.3.3. Quotation]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.cmc

@generatedBy

type type⚓︎
(type) may be used to indicate whether the offset passage is spoken or thought, or to characterize it more finely.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

spoken

(spoken) representation of speech

thought

(thought) representation of thought, e.g. internal monologue

written

(written) quotation from a written source

soCalled

(so called) authorial distance

foreign

(foreign) foreign words

distinct

(distinct) linguistically distinct

term

technical term

emph

(emph) rhetorically emphasized

mentioned

(mentioned) refering to itself, not its normal referent

Member of

model.common model.hiLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure formula

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: argument body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint epigraph imprimatur opener postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May be used to indicate that a passage is distinguished from the surrounding text for reasons concerning which no claim is made. When used in this manner, q may be thought of as syntactic sugar for hi with a value of rend that indicates the use of such mechanisms as quotation marks.

Example

It is spelled <q>Tübingen</q> — to enter the
letter <q>u</q> with an umlaut hold down the <q>option</q> key and press
<q>0 0 f c</q>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element q
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      "spoken"
    | "thought"
    | "written"
    | "soCalled"
    | "foreign"
    | "distinct"
    | "term"
    | "emph"
    | "mentioned"
    | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <q> (quoted)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <q> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <q> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

23. Documentation Elements

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<p xml:lang="en">The
constitution declares <q>that no bill of attainder or <term xml:lang="la">ex post
     facto</term> law shall be passed.</q> ...</p>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<q rendition="#quoteBefore #quoteAfter">Four score and seven years
ago...</q>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.1. Paragraphs

<p>A fly built a castle, a tall and mighty castle.
There came to the castle the Crawling Louse. <q>Who,
   who's in the castle? Who, who's in your house?</q>
said the Crawling Louse. <q>I, I, the Languishing Fly.
   And who art thou?</q>
 <q>I'm the Crawling Louse.</q>
</p>
<p>Then came to the castle the Leaping Flea. <q>Who,
   who's in the castle?</q> said the Leaping Flea. <q>I,
   I, the Languishing Fly, and I, the Crawling Louse. And
   who art thou?</q>
 <q>I'm the Leaping Flea.</q>
</p>
<p>Then came to the castle the Mischievous Mosquito.
<q>Who, who's in the castle?</q> said the Mischievous
Mosquito. <q>I, I, the Languishing Fly, and I, the
   Crawling Louse, and I, the Leaping Flea. And who art
   thou?</q>
 <q>I'm the Mischievous Mosquito.</q>
</p>

<p>

<p>Hallgerd was outside. <q>There is blood on your axe,</q> she said. <q>What have you
   done?</q>
</p>
<p>
 <q>I have now arranged that you can be married a second time,</q> replied Thjostolf.
</p>
<p>
 <q>Then you must mean that Thorvald is dead,</q> she said.
</p>
<p>
 <q>Yes,</q> said Thjostolf. <q>And now you must think up some plan for me.</q>
</p>

<p>

<p>我抬起頭，他打開了一扇窗戶，探出頭來。<q>先生？</q>
</p>
<p>
 <q>你要去哪。葛里葉？</q>
</p>
<p>
 <q>去藥劑師那裡，先生。太太要我去，替男孩拿點東西。</q>
</p>
<p>
 <q>你能不能也替我拿點東西？</q>
</p>ㄒㄒ

<p>
 <q>當然能，先生。</q> 忽然間風好像沒那麼刺骨了。 <q>等一下，我把它寫下來。</q>
</p>

3.3.2.1. Foreign Words or Expressions

<q>Aren't you confusing <foreign xml:lang="la">post hoc</foreign> with <foreign xml:lang="la">propter
   hoc</foreign>?</q> said the Bee Master.
<q>Wax-moth only succeed when
weak bees let them in.</q>

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<q>Sex, sir, is <emph>purely</emph> a question
of appetite!</q> Tarr exclaimed.

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<q>What it all comes to is this,</q> he said.

<q>
 <emph rend="italic">What does Christopher Robin do in the morning
   nowadays?</emph>
</q>

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<q>What it all comes to is this,</q> he said.

<q>
 <emph style="font-style: italic">What does Christopher Robin do in
   the morning nowadays?</emph>
</q>

<emph>

寶玉含羞央告道：<q>好姐姐，千萬別告訴人。</q>襲人亦含羞笑問道：
<q>你夢見什麼故事了？<emph>是那里流出來的那些髒東西？</emph>
</q>

<emph>

<q>What it all comes to is this,</q> he said.
<q>
 <emph>What
   does Christopher Robin do in the morning nowadays?</emph>
</q>

<hi>

<p>Au fronton, on lit cette inscription : <hi rend="uppercase">attends. Tu verras.</hi> Le
notaire encore prétend qu' elle ne saurait être antérieure au XVIII siècle, car, sinon, l'
on eût écrit --<q>tu voiras</q>--. </p>

<q>

It is spelled <q>Tübingen</q> — to enter the
letter <q>u</q> with an umlaut hold down the <q>option</q> key and press
<q>0 0 f c</q>

<q>

<p>Si quelque serrure allait mal, il l'avait bientôt démontée, rafistolée, huilée, limée,
remontée, en disant :<q>ça me connaît</q>.</p>

<q>

<p>Enfin je me rappelai le pis-aller d’une grande princesse à
qui l’on disait que les paysans n’avaient pas de pain, et qui
répondit : <q>Qu’ils mangent de la brioche.</q>
</p>

<q>

三個魚字疊作 <q>鱻</q>， — 欲拼出此<q>鱻</q>字，可以<q>漢語拼音</q>
輸入<q>xin</q>即可。

<desc>

<dataSpec module="tei"
 ident="teidata.point" validUntil="2050-02-25">
 <desc type="deprecationInfo"
  versionDate="2018-09-14" xml:lang="en">Several standards bodies, including NIST in the USA,
   strongly recommend against ending the representation of a number
   with a decimal point. So instead of <q>3.</q> use either <q>3</q>
   or <q>3.0</q>.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</dataSpec>

3.4.1.1. Some Further Examples

A pretty common case, I believe; in all <emph>vehement</emph>
debatings. She says I am <q rend="italic">too witty</q>;
<foreign xml:lang="la" rend="roman">Anglicé</foreign>,
<gloss rend="italic">too pert</gloss>; I, that she is
<q rend="italic"> too wise</q>; that is to say, being likewise
put into English, <gloss rend="italic">not so young as she has
been</gloss>: in short, she is grown so much into a
<hi rend="italic">mother</hi>, that she had forgotten she ever
was a <hi rend="italic">daughter</hi>.

<reg>

<q>Please <reg>knock</reg> if an <reg>answer</reg> is <reg>required</reg>
</q>

<reg>

<q>Please <reg>knock</reg> if an <reg>answer</reg> is <reg>required</reg>
</q>

<reg>

<q>你已經<reg>計劃</reg>我們<reg>下週</reg>旅遊的<reg>計畫</reg>了嗎？</q>

<reg>

<q>你已經 <choice>
  <reg>計劃</reg>
  <orig>計畫</orig>
 </choice> 我們 <choice>
  <reg>下週</reg>
  <orig>下周</orig>
 </choice> 旅遊的 <choice>
  <reg>計畫</reg>
  <orig>計劃</orig>
 </choice>了嗎？
</q>

<reg>

<q>Please <choice>
  <reg resp="#LB">knock</reg>
  <orig>cnk</orig>
 </choice> if an <choice>
  <reg>answer</reg>
  <orig>nsr</orig>
 </choice> is <choice>
  <reg>required</reg>
  <orig>reqd</orig>
 </choice>
</q>

<reg>

<q>Please <choice>
  <reg resp="#LB">knock</reg>
  <orig>cnk</orig>
 </choice> if an <choice>
  <reg>answer</reg>
  <orig>nsr</orig>
 </choice> is <choice>
  <reg>required</reg>
  <orig>reqd</orig>
 </choice>
</q>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <q>My dear
 <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>
 </q>, said his lady to
him one day, <q>have you heard that <rs type="place">Netherfield Park</rs> is let at last?</q>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>It being one of the principles of the
<rs type="org">Circumlocution Office</rs> never, on any
account whatsoever, to give a straightforward answer,
<rs type="person">Mr Barnacle</rs> said, <q>Possibly.</q>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <q>My dear <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>
 </q>, said
<rs type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day ...
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr. Bennet</name>,</q> said <rs type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day,
<q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield Park</name> is let at last?</q>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<q>My dear
<rs key="BENM1" type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>,</q> said
<rs key="BENM2" type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day,

<q>have you heard that
<rs key="NETP1" type="place">Netherfield Park</rs> is let at
last?</q>

<rs>

<q>My dear <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>, </q> said <rs type="person">his lady</rs>
to him one day,
<q>have you heard that <rs type="place">Netherfield Park</rs> is let at
last?</q>

<rs>

<q>我親愛的 <rs type="person"> 班納特先生</rs>，
</q>一天，<rs type="person">班納特太太</rs> 對她的丈夫說：
<q>你聽說過<rs type="place">尼日斐花園</rs> 終於租出去了嗎?</q>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>一</label>
 <item>今天晚上，很好的月光。 我不見他，已是三十多年；今天見了，精神分外爽快。...</item>
 <label>二</label>
 <item>今天全沒月光，我知道不妙。早上小心出門，趙貴翁的眼色便怪：似乎怕我，似乎想害我。還有七八個人，交頭接耳的議論我，...</item>
 <label>三</label>
 <item>...我翻開歷史一查，這歷史沒有年代，歪歪斜斜的每葉上都寫著“仁義道德”几個字。我橫豎睡不著，仔細看了半夜，才從字縫里看出字來，滿本都寫著兩個字是<q xml:lang="och">喫人</q>！書上寫著這許多字，佃戶說了這許多話，卻都笑吟吟的睜著怪眼看我。我也是人，他們想要吃我了！ </item>
 <label>六</label>
 <item>黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。趙家的狗又叫起來了。 獅子似的凶心，兔子的怯弱，狐狸的狡猾，…… </item>
</list>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<sp>
 <speaker>Lord Curryfin</speaker>
 <stage>(after a pause).</stage>
 <p>
  <q>Mass</q> as the second grave-digger says
   in <title>Hamlet</title>, <q>I cannot tell.</q>
 </p>
</sp>
<p>A chorus of laughter dissolved the sitting.</p>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<titlePage>
 <docAuthor>E. M. Forster</docAuthor>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Howards End</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <q>Only connect...</q>
 </epigraph>
</titlePage>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div n="19" type="chap">
 <head>Chapter 19</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I pity the man who can travel
       from Dan to Beersheba, and say <q>'Tis all
         barren;</q> and so is all the world to him
       who will not cultivate the fruits it offers.
   </quote>
   <bibl>Sterne: Sentimental Journey.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>To say that Deronda was romantic would be to
   misrepresent him: but under his calm and somewhat
   self-repressed exterior ...</p>
</div>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="dedication">
 <p>To my parents, Ida and Max Fish</p>
</div>
<div type="preface">
 <head>Preface</head>
 <p>The answer this book gives to its title question is <q>there is
     and there isn't</q>.</p>
 <p>Chapters 1–12 have been previously published in the
   following journals and collections:
 <list>
   <item>chapters 1 and 3 in <title>New literary History</title>
   </item>
   <item>chapter 10 in <title>Boundary II</title> (1980)</item>
  </list>.
   I am grateful for permission to reprint.</p>
 <signed>S.F.</signed>
</div>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla
     pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: <q xml:lang="grc">Σίβυλλα τί
       θέλεις</q>; respondebat illa: <q xml:lang="grc">ὰποθανεῖν θέλω.</q>
  </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>For Ezra Pound <q xml:lang="it">il miglior fabbro.</q>
  </p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>à la mémoire de Raymond Queneau</p>
 </div>
 <div type="avertissement">
  <p>L'amitié, l'histoire et la littérature m'ont fourni quelques-uns
     des.personnages de ce livre. Toute autre ressemblance avec des
     individus vivants ou ayant réellement ou fictivement existé ne
     saurait être que coïncidence.</p>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde <bibl>(Jules Verne, Michel
         Strogoff )</bibl>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
 </div>
 <div type="preambule">
  <head>PRÉAMBULE</head>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>
    <q>L'œil suit les chemins qui lui ont été ménagés dans l'oeuvre
    <bibl>(Paul Klee, Pädagosisches Skizzenbuch)</bibl>
    </q>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
  <p> Au départ, l'art du puzzle semble un art bref, un art mince, tout
     entier contenu dans un maigre enseignement de la Gestalttheorie :
     ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="corrigenda">
  <head>Addenda</head>
  <salute xml:lang="la">M. Scriblerus Lectori</salute>
  <p>Once more, gentle reader I appeal unto thee, from the shameful
     ignorance of the Editor, by whom Our own Specimen of
  <name>Virgil</name> hath been mangled in such miserable manner, that
     scarce without tears can we behold it. At the very entrance, Instead
     of <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγομενα</q>, lo!
  <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγωμενα</q> with an Omega!
     and in the same line <q xml:lang="la">consulâs</q> with a circumflex!
     In the next page thou findest <q xml:lang="la">leviter perlabere</q>,
     which his ignorance took to be the infinitive mood of
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabor</q> but ought to be
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabi</q> ... Wipe away all these
     monsters, Reader, with thy quill.</p>
 </div>
</back>

10. Dictionaries

<case>

<q rend="display">Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...</q>
<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitiv"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<q>The Royal <oRef type="cap"/> of Arts</q>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>fait-tout</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <q>Des casseroles et des "<oRef type="noHyph"/>faitouts" pour les ménagères.</q>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<heraldry>

<p>Ownership stamp (xvii cent.) on i recto with the arms
<heraldry>A bull passant within a bordure bezanty,
   in chief a crescent for difference</heraldry> [Cole],
crest, and the legend <q>Cole Deum</q>.</p>

<decoNote>

<bindingDesc>
 <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
   rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean Grolier
 <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas du plat
   supérieur. </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra viventivm</q>
   dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque nerf et
   en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes"/>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
   pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
 </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat inférieur
   (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
</bindingDesc>

<additions>

<additions>
 <p>There are several marginalia in this manuscript. Some consist of
   single characters and others are figurative. On 8v is to be found a drawing of
   a mans head wearing a hat. At times sentences occurs: On 5v:
 <q xml:lang="is">Her er skrif andres isslendin</q>,
   on 19r: <q xml:lang="is">þeim go</q>,
   on 21r: <q xml:lang="is">amen med aund ok munn halla rei knar hofud summu all huad
     batar þad mælgi ok mal</q>,
   On 21v: some runic letters and the sentence <q xml:lang="la">aue maria gracia plena dominus</q>.</p>
</additions>

<additions>

<additions>
 <p>There are several marginalia in this manuscript. Some consist of single characters and
   others are figurative. On 8v is to be found a drawing of a mans head wearing a hat. At
   times sentences occurs: On 5v:<q xml:lang="is">Her er skrif andres isslendin</q>, on
   19r: <q xml:lang="is">þeim go</q>, on 21r: <q xml:lang="is">amen med aund ok munn halla
     rei knar hofud summu all huad batar þad mælgi ok mal</q>, On 21v: some runic letters
   and the sentence <q xml:lang="la">aue maria gracia plena dominus</q>.</p>
</additions>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>
  <index indexName="typo_reliure">
   <term>Reliure à la grecque, sur ais</term>
  </index>
  <index indexName="typo_decor">
   <term>Décor de rinceaux</term>
  </index> Reliure à la grecque en <material>maroquin</material> orange</p>
 <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes de Henri II dorées sur une pièce de maroquin olive
   découpée à la forme exacte des armes (104 mm), mosaïquée dans un rectangle central aux
   angles orné d'un léger motif de rinceaux peints en noir, le tout encadré d'une large
   bordure mosaïquée de maroquin rouge, à plein décor de rinceaux dorés (incluant un
   croissant dans les angles) dessinés en réserve sur un fond pointillé doré.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Au plat supérieur, titre <q>i • schonerii • opera •</q> doré
   au-dessus du bloc armorial.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos long à décor analogue avec pièces losangées de maroquin rouge et
   brun mosaïquées, respectivement au centre et aux deux extrémités du dos, ornées d'un
   décor de rinceaux doré en réserve sur un fond doré pointillé, avec fer azuré au chapeau
   à chaque extrémité ; chaque pièce de maroquin est redessinée par un encadrement argenté,
   lui-même complété de rinceaux sur les côtés et relevé par des traits tracés de plume à
   effet de rayures.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles doubles bicolores : points droits sur chevrons,
   bleus et jaunes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Chants des ais rainurés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes">Traces de petits boulons aux angles du rectangle intérieur ;
   traces des quatre lanières tressées d'origine sur les deux plats ; pas de traces de
   sabots.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées, ciselées et peintes (teinte rosée), à décor de
   rinceaux incluant des éléments de l'héraldique royale : triple croissant en tête, grand
   H couronné associé à un croissant en gouttière, chiffre HH en queue.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Absence de chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure"/>
 <condition/>
</binding>

<seal>

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax.
   (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S IOHANNES OLAVI</q>.
   Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

<seal>

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax. (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S
     IOHANNES OLAVI</q>. Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<note target="#exp01">The stroke added to
the final d could signify the plural ending (-es, -is, -ys>) but the
singular <hi rend="it">goode</hi> was used with the meaning <q>property</q>,
<q>wealth</q>, at this time (v. examples quoted in OED, sb. Good, C. 7, b,
c, d and 8 spec.)</note>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <date notAfter="1816-07-18"/>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="mod1" when="1816-07-16">The first draft of
   <title>Persuasion</title>, completed by the date <date>July 16 1816</date>
       which is written after the word <q>Finis</q> at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>.</change>
   <change xml:id="mod2"
    notBefore="1816-07-16">After the <date>16th of July</date>
       Austen starts revision of the two final chapters, by rewriting the end and
       adding a new zone (<ref target="#transp-1">pages 32-35</ref>) to be inserted at
   <ref target="#insertion-p1">page 19</ref>. This stage is documented by the
       deletion of the date (<date>July 16 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>, and the addition of more text and of a new date (<date>July 18.
         1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-31">page 31</ref>
   </change>
   <change notBefore="1816-07-18">Before publication, after <date>July 18th,
         1816</date> chapters 10-11 were broken into three chapters, 10, 11, 12, as
       witnessed by the print.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<state type="office" from="1777-04-07"
 to="1780-07-12">
 <p>Jón's first living — which he apparently accepted rather reluctantly — was at <name type="place">Háls í
     Hamarsfirði</name>, <name type="place">Múlasýsla</name>, to which he was presented on 7 April 1777. He was
   ordained the following month and spent three years at Háls, but was never happy there, due largely to the general
   penury in which he was forced to live — a recurrent theme throughout the early part of his life. In June of 1780
   the bishop recommended that Jón should <q xml:lang="da">promoveres til andet bedre kald, end det hand hidindtil
     har havt</q>, and on 12 July it was agreed that he should exchange livings with <name type="person"
   ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:ThorJon">sr. Þórður Jónsson</name> at <name type="place">Kálfafell á Síðu</name>,
 <name type="place">Skaftafellssýsla</name>.</p>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.15, p. 733.</bibl>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.17, p.
   102.</bibl>
</state>

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-longerIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the main English name for the legendary
   sword of King Arthur. In Welsh it is called
 <mentioned>Caledfwlch</mentioned>, in Cornish it is called
 <mentioned>Calesvol</mentioned>, in Breton it is called
 <mentioned>Kaledvoulc'h</mentioned>, and in Latin it is
   called <mentioned>Caliburnus</mentioned>. In some versions
   of the legend, Excalibur’s blade was engraved with phrases on opposite
   sides: <q>Take me up</q> and <q>Cast me away</q> (or similar).</p>
</object>

att.datable.iso

Il aime à être ponctuel . J'ai dit<q>
 <time when-iso="12">autour du midi</time>
</q>, et il est apparu à <time when-iso="12:00:00">midi </time>à l'heure pile.

att.datable.iso

He likes to be punctual. I said <q>
 <time when-iso="12">around noon</time>
</q>, and he showed up at <time when-iso="12:00:00">12 O'clock</time> on the dot.

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

<figDesc>

<figure>
 <graphic url="chap3fig2.png"/>
 <head>Dick Kennedy </head>
 <figDesc>Gravure de E. Riou représentant un jeune homme assis sur une chaise, les
   pieds sur une autre et tenant à la main une canne. En arrière plan, une théière, et
   l'inscription <q>Map of Africa</q> .</figDesc>
</figure>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.5. Canonical References

<refsDecl xml:id="biblical">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+):(.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[@n='$2']/div[@n='$3]')">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references the <q>book,</q>
   <q>chapter,</q> and <q>verse</q> parts of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+) (.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1']/div[$2])">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references the <q>book</q> and
  <q>chapter</q> parts of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(.+)"
  replacementPattern="#xpath(//div[@n='$1'])">
  <p>This pointer pattern extracts and references just the <q>book</q>
     part of a biblical reference.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<q>Don't say <q>
  <seg type="stutter">I-I-I</seg>'m afraid,</q> Melvin, just say <q>I'm
   afraid.</q>
</q>

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

<p>In small clumsy letters he wrote:
<q rend="centered italic">
  <date xml:id="d840404">April 4th,
     1984</date>.</q>
</p>
<p>He sat back. A sense of complete helplessness had
descended upon him. ...</p>
<p>His small but childish handwriting straggled up
and down the page, shedding first its capital letters
and finally even its full stops:
<q rend="italic">
  <date>April 4th, 1984</date>.
   Last night to the flicks. ... </q>
</p>

17.7. Aggregation

<q>
 <s xml:id="qs2">Monsieur Paul, after he has taken equal
   parts of goose breast and the finest pork, and
   broken a certain number of egg yolks into them,
   and ground them <emph>very</emph>, very fine,
   cooks all with seasoning for some three hours.</s>
 <s xml:id="qs3">
  <emph>But</emph>,</s>
</q>
<s xml:id="ps2">she pushed her face nearer, and looked with
ferocious gloating at the pâté
inside me, her eyes like X rays,</s>
<q>
 <s xml:id="qs4">he never stops stirring it!</s>
 <s xml:id="qs5">Figure to yourself the work of it —</s>
 <s xml:id="qs6">stir, stir, never stopping!</s>
</q>

17.7. Aggregation

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go?
 <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog-L2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-L1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>...
  <l xml:id="frog-L3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog-L1 #frog-L2 #frog-L3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

17.7. Aggregation

<text xml:id="zuitxt">
 <body>
  <p>
   <name xml:id="zuigan">Zui-Gan</name> called out to himself every day,
  <q next="#zuiq2" xml:id="zuiq1"
    who="#zuigan">
    <name xml:id="master">Master</name>.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Then he answered himself,
  <q next="#zuiq4" xml:id="zuiq2"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>And then he added,
  <q next="#zuiq5" xml:id="zuiq3"
    who="#master">Become sober.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Again he answered,
  <q next="#zuiq7" xml:id="zuiq4"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q next="#zuiq6" xml:id="zuiq5"
    who="#master">And after that,</q>
     he continued,
  <q xml:id="zuiq6" who="#master">do not be deceived by others.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q xml:id="zuiq7" who="#zuigan">Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q>
     he replied.</p>
 </body>
</text>

17.7. Aggregation

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog_l1 #frog_l2 #frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="fr_frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#fr_frog_l1 #fr_frog_l2 #fr_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>休</speaker>
 <p>怎麼樣了？<q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_x1">呱、呱、呱</l>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l2">有新來的青蛙</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>路易</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l1">以前的池塘</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>迪威</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l3">有新的池塘</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#zh-tw_frog_l1 #zh-tw_frog_l2 #zh-tw_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

23. Documentation Elements

<valItem>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="border">
  <desc>used to signify that there is border around a page.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-rule">
  <desc>used to signify that there is a border made of ruled lines.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-ornamental">
  <desc>used to signify that there is an ornamental border.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="catch">
  <gloss>catchword</gloss>
  <desc>for catch words.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="lineNum">
  <gloss>line number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed line numbers (usually in poetry).</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="listHead">
  <gloss>list heading</gloss>
  <desc>for headings of lists or similar constructs; often used in tables of contents for the
  <q>page</q> heading.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pageNum">
  <gloss>page number</gloss>
  <desc>for page numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pressFig">
  <gloss>press figure</gloss>
  <desc>for press figures. These are usually numbers, but are not sequential or regularly
     printed like signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="sig">
  <gloss>signature</gloss>
  <desc>for printed signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="unknown">
  <desc>for a metawork whose function you do not know.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="vol">
  <gloss>volume number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed volume numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="other">
  <desc>anything not covered by the above values.</desc>
  <remarks>
   <p>Used for an ornament, decorated tool line, or symbol(s) that is not officially a
       delimiter (and thus there is no element on which to put <val>pre()</val> or
   <val>post()</val>) but is used to fill space at the bottom of a page so that a
   <gi>floatingText</gi> or similar can start at the top of the next.</p>
  </remarks>
 </valItem>
</valList>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<cit>

<cit> (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example. [3.3.3. Quotation 4.3.1. Grouped Texts 10.3.5.1. Examples]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.entryPart.top model.quoteLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope cit citedRange corr del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp pc span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb cit ellipsis gap gb graphic index lb listBibl media milestone note noteGrp pb ptr q quote ref said

dictionaries: colloc def etym form gramGrp hom hyph lbl orth pos pron re sense subc superEntry syll usg xr

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: eg egXML listRef

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<cit>
 <quote>and the breath of the whale is frequently attended with such an insupportable smell,
   as to bring on disorder of the brain.</quote>
 <bibl>Ulloa's South America</bibl>
</cit>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>to horrify</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<cit type="example">
 <quote xml:lang="mix">Ka'an yu tsa'a Pedro.</quote>
 <media url="soundfiles-gen:S_speak_1s_on_behalf_of_Pedro_01_02_03_TS.wav"
  mimeType="audio/wav"/>
 <cit type="translation">
  <quote xml:lang="en">I'm speaking on behalf of Pedro.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="translation">
  <quote xml:lang="es">Estoy hablando de parte de Pedro.</quote>
 </cit>
</cit>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.egLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.entryPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.attributable"/>
  <elementRef key="pc"/>
  <elementRef key="q"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element cit
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.biblLike
    | model.egLike
    | model.entryPart
    | model.global
    | model.graphicLike
    | model.ptrLike
    | model.attributable
    | pc
    | q
   )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <cit> (cited quotation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <cit> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <cit> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

3.3.3. Quotation

Lexicography has shown little sign of being affected by the
work of followers of J.R. Firth, probably best summarized
in his slogan, <cit>
 <quote>You shall know a word by the company it keeps.</quote>
 <ref>(Firth, 1957)</ref>
</cit>

<cit>

<cit>
 <quote>and the breath of the whale is frequently attended with such an insupportable smell,
   as to bring on disorder of the brain.</quote>
 <bibl>Ulloa's South America</bibl>
</cit>

<cit>

<cit>
 <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde</quote>
 <bibl>Jules Verne, Michel Strogof</bibl>
</cit>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>to horrify</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>horrifier</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<cit>
 <quote>棋開始了。上千人不再出聲兒。只有自願服務的人一會兒緊一會兒慢地用話傳出棋步，外邊兒自願服務的人就變動著棋子兒。</quote>
 <bibl>阿城，《棋王》。</bibl>
</cit>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="zh">
  <quote>使驚嚇</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="zh">
   <quote>成本把她嚇呆了。</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>to horrify</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<cit type="example">
 <quote xml:lang="mix">Ka'an yu tsa'a Pedro.</quote>
 <media url="soundfiles-gen:S_speak_1s_on_behalf_of_Pedro_01_02_03_TS.wav"
  mimeType="audio/wav"/>
 <cit type="translation">
  <quote xml:lang="en">I'm speaking on behalf of Pedro.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="translation">
  <quote xml:lang="es">Estoy hablando de parte de Pedro.</quote>
 </cit>
</cit>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="fro">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulaire</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="fr">Ancien français</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="fr">Français moderne</headItem>
 <label>amerté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">amertume</item>
 <label>barquer</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire une barque</item>
 <label>biberon</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">goulot d'un vase.</item>
 <label>bugle</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">jeune boeuf</item>
 <label>cestui</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">celui-ci</item>
 <label>chaitiveté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">captivité</item>
 <label>duire</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire</item>
 <label>dangier</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">puissance, pouvoir</item>
 <label>sangler</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">singularis</item>
 <label>vespre </label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">tombée du jour (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Lexique de Godefroy</ref>
   <quote>de hautes vespres : tard dans la soirée.</quote>
  </cit>)</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="zh">
 <head xml:lang="zh">字彙</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="zh-CN">簡體中文</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="zh-TW">繁體中文</headItem>
 <label>尘</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">塵</item>
 <label>业</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">業</item>
 <label>处</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">處</item>
 <label>个</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">個</item>
 <label>与</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">與</item>
 <label>军队</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">軍隊</item>
 <label>疏远</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">疏遠</item>
 <label>后汉</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">後漢<cit>
   <ref>出師表</ref>
   <quote>亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是<term>后汉</term>所以倾覆衰败的原因</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>叹息</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">嘆息</item>
 <label>认为</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">認為</item>
 <label>诚实</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">誠實</item>
 <label>获得</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">獲得</item>
</list>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div n="19" type="chap">
 <head>Chapter 19</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I pity the man who can travel
       from Dan to Beersheba, and say <q>'Tis all
         barren;</q> and so is all the world to him
       who will not cultivate the fruits it offers.
   </quote>
   <bibl>Sterne: Sentimental Journey.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>To say that Deronda was romantic would be to
   misrepresent him: but under his calm and somewhat
   self-repressed exterior ...</p>
</div>

<epigraph>

<epigraph xml:lang="la">
 <cit>
  <bibl>Lucret.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="F">petere inde coronam,</l>
   <l>Vnde prius nulli velarint tempora Musae.</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

<epigraph>

<epigraph xml:lang="zh">
 <cit>
  <bibl>俞平伯</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="N">小燕子其實也無所愛，</l>
   <l>只是沉浸在朦朧而飄忽的夏夜夢里罷了。</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<div n="2" type="chap">
 <head>Extracts</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a sub-sub-Librarian)</head>
 <p>It will be seen that this mere painstaking burrower and
   grubworm of a poor devil of a Sub-Sub appears to have gone
   through the long Vaticans and street-stalls of the earth,
   picking up whatever random allusions to whales he could
   anyways find ...
   Here ye strike but splintered hearts together — there,
   ye shall strike unsplinterable glasses!</p>
 <p>
  <cit>
   <quote>And God created great whales.</quote>
   <bibl>Genesis</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Leviathan maketh a path to shine after him;</l>
    <l>One would think the deep to be hoary.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>Job</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>By art is created that great Leviathan,
       called a Commonwealth or State — (in Latin,
   <mentioned xml:lang="la">civitas</mentioned>), which
       is but an artificial man.</quote>
   <bibl>Opening sentence of Hobbes's Leviathan</bibl>
  </cit>
 </p>
</div>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

<post>

<post when="1990-10-11" who="#dmerritt"
 xml:id="sgml-tei-3" replyTo="#sgml-tei-1">
 <time generatedBy="system">04:37:51 UTC</time>
 <p>
  <seg generatedBy="system">In article
  <ref target="#sgml-tei-1"><2****.**********0@m*******.***.*****.**c.uk></ref> S.*.*.*****z@e**.*****.**c.uk (Sebastian Rahtz) writes:</seg>
  <cit>
   <bibl>[for] Lou Burnard:</bibl>
   <quote>the Text Encoding Initiative document is a many-splendoured thing,
       redolent of the mysterious east, caribbean evenings and the scent of
       fresh pine in the himalayas [...]</quote>
  </cit>
 </p>
 <p>Very poetic.</p>
 <p>But really, what is it?</p>
 <signed generatedBy="human">Doug</signed>
 <signed generatedBy="template">Doug Merritt ****@e***.********y.edu (ucbvax!eris!doug) or uunet.uu.net!crossck!dougm
 </signed>
</post>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années.</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
   <title>Le Cid</title>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">現代</usg>
 <def>胭脂和香粉，舊時借指婦女</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>那一年頌蓮留著齊耳的短髮，用一條天藍色的緞帶箍住，她的臉是圓圓的，不施脂粉，但顯得有點蒼白。</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>蘇童</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>OAS</quote>
  <def>illegal military organization supporting French rule of
     Algeria</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<cit type="example">
 <quote>the multiplex eye of the fly.</quote>
</cit>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="colloc">
  <oRef type="cap"/> and <mentioned>any</mentioned> are used with
 <mentioned>more</mentioned>
 </usg>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>Give me <oRef/> more</quote>
  <pron extent="part">s@'mO:(r)</pron>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>to horrify</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<sense n="a">
 <usg type="dom">Peinture</usg>
 <usg type="style">lit</usg>
 <usg type="style">fig</usg>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>palette</quote>
 </cit>
</sense>
<sense n="b">
 <usg type="dom">Boucherie</usg>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>shoulder</quote>
 </cit>
</sense>
<sense n="c">
 <sense>
  <usg type="syn">aube de roue</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>paddle</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
 <sense>
  <usg type="syn">battoir à linge</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>beetle</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Manutention</usg>
  <usg type="dom">Constr</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>pallet</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
</sense>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<entry>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>reseating</quote>
  <quote>rebottoming</quote>
  <usg type="hint">with straw</usg>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries

<entry>
 <form type="contraction">
  <orth>neither</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈnaɪðə</pron>,
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈni:ðə</pron>
 </form>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>neither foot is swollen</quote>
 </cit>
 <note type="usage">A verb following a compound subject
   that uses <hi rend="italic">neither</hi>… should be
   in the singular if both subjects are in the singular:
 <hi rend="italic">neither Jack nor John has done the work</hi>
 </note>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth xml:id="di-o1">vag-</orth>
  <orth xml:id="di-o2">vago-</orth>
 </form>
 <def>vagus nerve</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o1" type="noHyph"/>al</quote>
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o2" type="noHyph"/>tomy</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<cit type="example">
 <quote>Mr Burton <oRef type="pt">took</oRef> us for French</quote>
</cit>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<cit type="example">
 <quote>was quite <oRef type="pp">
   <oRef/>n</oRef> with him</quote>
</cit>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<cit type="example">
 <quote>it's easy to <oRef next="#ov2" xml:id="ov1">mix</oRef>
   her <oRef prev="#ov1" xml:id="ov2">up</oRef> with her sister</quote>
</cit>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>academy</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>The Royal <oRef type="cap"/> of Arts</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>fait-tout</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <q>Des casseroles et des "<oRef type="noHyph"/>faitouts" pour les ménagères.</q>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>學院</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>皇家藝術<oRef/>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<pRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>umfahren</orth>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren1">umf'ahren</pron>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren2">'umfahren</pron>
 </form>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul musste die Pfütze <pRef target="#umfahren1"/>, wenn er nicht nass werden wollte.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul wollte das Schild nicht absichtlich <pRef target="#umfahren2"/> und beschädigen.</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<mentioned>

<mentioned> marks words or phrases mentioned, not used. [3.3.3. Quotation]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.emphLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

There is thus a
striking accentual difference between a verbal form like <mentioned xml:id="X234" xml:lang="el">eluthemen</mentioned>
<gloss target="#X234">we were released,</gloss> accented on the second syllable of the
word, and its participial derivative
<mentioned xml:id="X235" xml:lang="el">lutheis</mentioned>
<gloss target="#X235">released,</gloss> accented on the last.

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element mentioned
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <mentioned>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <mentioned> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <mentioned> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<figure>
 <head>The TEI Logo</head>
 <figDesc>Stylized yellow angle brackets with the letters <mentioned>TEI</mentioned> in
   between and <mentioned>text encoding initiative</mentioned> underneath, all on a white
   background.</figDesc>
 <graphic height="600px" width="600px"
  url="http://www.tei-c.org/logos/TEI-600.jpg"/>
</figure>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.2.1. Foreign Words or Expressions

<mentioned xml:lang="fr">Croissant</mentioned> is difficult to
pronounce with your mouth full.

3.3.3. Quotation

Although Chomsky's decision that all NL
sentences are finite objects was never justified by arguments from
the attested properties of NLs, it did have a certain
<soCalled>social</soCalled> justification. It was commonly assumed in
works on logic until fairly recently that the notion
<mentioned>language</mentioned> is necessarily restricted to finite
strings.

<mentioned>

There is thus a
striking accentual difference between a verbal form like <mentioned xml:id="X234" xml:lang="el">eluthemen</mentioned>
<gloss target="#X234">we were released,</gloss> accented on the second syllable of the
word, and its participial derivative
<mentioned xml:id="X235" xml:lang="el">lutheis</mentioned>
<gloss target="#X235">released,</gloss> accented on the last.

<mentioned>

Aucune ville ne répond mieux à
l'expressioin <mentioned>sortie de terre</mentioned> que New York
(ou faudrait-il plutôt dire <mentioned>jaillie</mentioned>) :

<mentioned>

L’harmonisation
vocalique régressive empêche que <mentioned>agwêdê</mentioned> puisse être interprété comme
un dérivé de <mentioned>gwada</mentioned>, qui pourtant est de même racine.

<mentioned>

<mentioned xml:id="zh-tw_X234"
 xml:lang="zh-TW">憂鬱</mentioned>的鬱字很難寫。

3.4.1. Terms and Glosses

There is thus a striking accentual difference between a verbal
form like <mentioned xml:id="cw234" xml:lang="grc">eluthemen</mentioned>
<gloss target="#cw234">we were released,</gloss> accented on the
second syllable of the word, and its participial derivative

<mentioned xml:id="cw235" xml:lang="grc">lutheis</mentioned>
<gloss target="#cw235">released,</gloss> accented on the last.

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

Collections are ensembles of
distinct entities or objects of any sort.<note n="1" place="bottom">We
explain below why we use the uncommon term
<mentioned>collection</mentioned> instead of the expected
<mentioned>set</mentioned>. Our usage corresponds to the
<mentioned>aggregate</mentioned> of many mathematical writings and to
the sense of <mentioned>class</mentioned> found in older logical
writings.</note> The elements ...

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH-1">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH-1">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

4. Default Text Structure

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<div n="2" type="chap">
 <head>Extracts</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a sub-sub-Librarian)</head>
 <p>It will be seen that this mere painstaking burrower and
   grubworm of a poor devil of a Sub-Sub appears to have gone
   through the long Vaticans and street-stalls of the earth,
   picking up whatever random allusions to whales he could
   anyways find ...
   Here ye strike but splintered hearts together — there,
   ye shall strike unsplinterable glasses!</p>
 <p>
  <cit>
   <quote>And God created great whales.</quote>
   <bibl>Genesis</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Leviathan maketh a path to shine after him;</l>
    <l>One would think the deep to be hoary.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>Job</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>By art is created that great Leviathan,
       called a Commonwealth or State — (in Latin,
   <mentioned xml:lang="la">civitas</mentioned>), which
       is but an artificial man.</quote>
   <bibl>Opening sentence of Hobbes's Leviathan</bibl>
  </cit>
 </p>
</div>

10. Dictionaries

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abismo</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>del <lang>gr.</lang>
  <mentioned>a</mentioned> priv. y <mentioned>byssos</mentioned>,
 <gloss>fondo</gloss>
 </etym>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <etym>
  <lang>F</lang> fr. <lang>ML</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <mentioned>neuma</mentioned> fr. <lang>Gk</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <gloss>breath</gloss>
  <xr type="etym">more at <ptr target="#pneumatic"/>
  </xr>
 </etym>
 <sense>
  <def>any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant
<!-- ... -->
  </def>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="pneumatic">
 <etym>
<!-- ... -->
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. 2d <ref>-ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry> (From: Webster's Second International)

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. <ref>2d -ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="colloc">
  <oRef type="cap"/> and <mentioned>any</mentioned> are used with
 <mentioned>more</mentioned>
 </usg>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>Give me <oRef/> more</quote>
  <pron extent="part">s@'mO:(r)</pron>
 </cit>
</sense>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lavage</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>[Fr. < <mentioned>laver</mentioned>; L. <mentioned>lavare</mentioned>, to wash;
 <xr>see <ref>lather</ref>
  </xr>]. </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>癲</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>詩經．大雅．雲漢：<mentioned>瘨</mentioned>，病、使困苦； <xr>參見 <ref>癲</ref>
  </xr>。 </etym>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <hyph>demi|god</hyph>
  <pron>"demIgQd</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def>
 <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg
 <mentioned>Hercules</mentioned>
 </def>
 <pron>"h3:kjUli:z</pron>
</entryFree>

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

<binding>
 <p>Modern calf recasing with original armorial stamp <stamp>with legend
  <mentioned xml:lang="la">Ex Bibliotheca J. Richard
       D.M.</mentioned>
  </stamp>
 </p>
</binding>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.2. Readings

<l n="2207a">syððan <app>
  <lem>Beowulfe</lem>
  <note source="#Kl">Fol. 179a <mentioned>beowulfe</mentioned>.
     Folio 179, with the last page (Fol. 198b), is the worst part of the
     entire MS. It has been freshened up by a later hand, but not always
     correctly. Information on doubtful readings is in the notes of
     Zupitza and Chambers.</note>
 </app>
</l>
<l n="2207b">brade rice</l>

13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

<l>Swaz hi gât umbe</l>
<l>daz sint alle megede,</l>
<l>die wellent ân man</l>
<l>
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m1">alle</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m2">allen</rdg>
  <witDetail wit="#Mu">
   <mentioned>n</mentioned> nachgetragen.
  </witDetail>
 </app>
disen sumer gân.
</l>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-longerIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the main English name for the legendary
   sword of King Arthur. In Welsh it is called
 <mentioned>Caledfwlch</mentioned>, in Cornish it is called
 <mentioned>Calesvol</mentioned>, in Breton it is called
 <mentioned>Kaledvoulc'h</mentioned>, and in Latin it is
   called <mentioned>Caliburnus</mentioned>. In some versions
   of the legend, Excalibur’s blade was engraved with phrases on opposite
   sides: <q>Take me up</q> and <q>Cast me away</q> (or similar).</p>
</object>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="XYZ">
 <form>Bogomil</form>
 <etym>Means <gloss>favoured by God</gloss> from the <lang>Slavic</lang> elements <mentioned xml:lang="ru">bog</mentioned>
  <gloss>God</gloss> and <mentioned xml:lang="ru">mil</mentioned>
  <gloss>favour</gloss>
 </etym>
</nym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>Contraction of <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="fr_ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="fr_DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>contraction de <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="fr_HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.1. Words and Above

<mentioned>grandiloquent</mentioned>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<mentioned>
 <w>grandiloquent</w>
</mentioned>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<mentioned>
 <phr>grandiloquent speech</phr>
</mentioned>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<phr>
 <mentioned>grandiloquent speech</mentioned>
</phr>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName>Essex</placeName>. She had always liked <placeName>Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM">It is not
clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. -MSM</note>

22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName xml:id="CE-p1a">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-p1b">Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM"
 target="#CE-p1a #CE-p1b">It
is not clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. If the latter,
it should be tagged as a personal name. -<name xml:id="MSM">Michael</name>
</note>

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C Elements

<soCalled>

<soCalled> (so called) contains a word or phrase for which the author or narrator indicates a disclaiming of responsibility, for example by the use of scare quotes or italics. [3.3.3. Quotation]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.emphLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

To edge his way along
the crowded paths of life, warning all human sympathy to keep its distance, was what the
knowing ones call <soCalled>nuts</soCalled> to Scrooge.

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element soCalled
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <soCalled> (so called)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <soCalled> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <soCalled> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

8. Transcriptions of Speech

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

23. Documentation Elements

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<head>PM dodges <soCalled>election threat</soCalled> in interview</head>

3.3.3. Quotation

He hated <soCalled>good</soCalled> books.

3.3.3. Quotation

<soCalled>Croissants</soCalled> indeed! toast not good enough for you?

3.3.3. Quotation

Although Chomsky's decision that all NL
sentences are finite objects was never justified by arguments from
the attested properties of NLs, it did have a certain
<soCalled>social</soCalled> justification. It was commonly assumed in
works on logic until fairly recently that the notion
<mentioned>language</mentioned> is necessarily restricted to finite
strings.

<soCalled>

To edge his way along
the crowded paths of life, warning all human sympathy to keep its distance, was what the
knowing ones call <soCalled>nuts</soCalled> to Scrooge.

<soCalled>

- On ne
bouge pas, on ne touche à rien, il faut que je prévienne <soCalled>la Maison</soCalled>.
C'est ainsi qu'il appelait le Quai des Orfèvres.

<soCalled>

<p> Mais, après tout, les propos auxquels on mêlait son nom n'étaient que des propos ; du
bruit, des mots, des paroles, moins que des paroles, des<soCalled>palabres</soCalled>,
comme dit l'énergique langue du midi.</p>

<soCalled>

眾猴听說，即拱伏無違。一個個序齒排班，朝上禮拜，都稱千歲大王。自此，石猴高登王位，將石字儿隱了，遂稱<soCalled>美猴王</soCalled>。

4. Default Text Structure

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

<div1 type="storylist" org="composite">
 <head>News in brief</head>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Police deny <soCalled>losing</soCalled> bomb</head>
  <p>Scotland Yard yesterday denied claims in the Sunday
     Express that anti-terrorist officers trailing an IRA van
     loaded with explosives in north London had lost track of
     it 10 days ago.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Hotel blaze</head>
  <p>Nearly 200 guests were evacuated before dawn
     yesterday after fire broke out at the Scandic
     Crown hotel in the Royal Mile, Edinburgh.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Test match split</head>
  <p>Test Match Special next summer will be split
     between Radio 5 and Radio 3, after protests this
     year that it disrupted Radio 3's music schedule.</p>
 </div2>
</div1>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3.4. Writing

<u who="#a">look at this</u>
<writing who="#a" type="newspaper"
 gradual="false">Government claims economic problems
<soCalled>over by June</soCalled>
</writing>
<u who="#a">what nonsense!</u>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="A">die sog. <soCalled>Kleine (oder alte)
     Heidelberger Liederhandschrift</soCalled>.
 <bibl>Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg col. pal.
     germ. 357. Pergament, 45 Fll. 18,5 × 13,5 cm.</bibl>
   Wahrscheinlich die älteste der drei großen Hss. Sie
 <quote>datiert aus dem 13. Jahrhundert, etwa um 1275. Ihre Sprache
     weist ins Elsaß, evtl. nach Straßburg. Man geht wohl nicht
     fehl, in ihr eine Sammlung aus dem Stadtpatriziat zu sehen</quote>
   (<bibl>
   <author>Blank</author>, [vgl. <ref>Lit. z. Hss. Bd. 2,
       S. 39</ref>] S. 14</bibl>). Sie enthält 34 namentlich
   genannte Dichter. <quote>Zu den Vorzügen von A gehört, daß
     sie kaum je bewußt geändert hat, so daß sie für
     manche Dichter ... oft den besten Text liefert</quote> (so wohl mit
   Recht <bibl>
   <author>v. Kraus</author>
  </bibl>).</witness>
 <witness xml:id="a">Bezeichnung <bibl>
   <author>Lachmann</author>
  </bibl>s für die von einer 2. Hand auf bl. 40–43
   geschriebenen Strophen der Hs. A.</witness>
 <witness xml:id="B">die <soCalled>Weingartner (Stuttgarter)
     Liederhandschrift</soCalled>. <bibl>Württembergische
     Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, HB XIII poetae germanici 1.
     Pergament, 156 Bll. 15 × 11,5 cm; 25 teils ganzseitig,
     teils halbseitige Miniaturen.</bibl> Kaum vor 1306 in Konstanz
   geschrieben. Sie enthält Lieder von 25 namentlich genannten
   Dichtern. (Dazu kommen Gedichte von einigen ungenannten
   bzw. unbekannten Dichtern, ein Marienlobpreis und eine
   Minnelehre.)</witness>
</listWit>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="MaQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point at which the
   thing began.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable,
   and nothing could have frightened it away.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration, during which she,
   and the little animals, and the moving grasses, and the sun-warmed
   trees, and the slopes of shivering silvery mealies, and the great
   dome of blue light overhead, and the stones of earth under her feet,
   became one, shuddering together in a dissolution of dancing
   atoms.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground forcing
   themselves painfully along her veins, swelling them out in an
   unbearable pressure; her flesh was the earth, and suffered growth
   like a ferment; and her eyes stared, fixed like the eye of the
   sun.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer (if the terms for time
   apply) could she have borne it; but then, with a sudden movement
   forwards and out, the whole process stopped; and <emph rend="italic">that</emph> was <soCalled rend="dquo">the
     moment</soCalled> which it was impossible to remember
   afterwards.</s>
 <span from="#MaQp1s2p114s3"
  to="#MaQp1s2p114s5">the moment</span>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time (which was
   timeless) she understood quite finally her smallness, the
   unimportance of humanity.</s>
</p>

23. Documentation Elements

<att>

<p>The TEI defines several <soCalled>global</soCalled> attributes; their names include
<att>xml:id</att>, <att>rend</att>, <att>xml:lang</att>, <att>n</att>, <att>xml:space</att>,
and <att>xml:base</att>; <att scheme="XX">type</att> is not amongst them.</p>

<att>

<p>La TEI définit six attributs<soCalled>globaux</soCalled> qui se nomment
<att>xml:id</att>, <att>rend</att>, <att>xml:lang</att>, <att>n</att>,
<att>xml:space</att>, et <att>xml:base</att>; <att scheme="XX">type</att>n'en fait pas
partie .</p>

<att>

<p>TEI定義六個<soCalled>global</soCalled>屬性，包括：
<att>xml:id</att>, <att>rend</att>, <att>xml:lang</att>, <att>n</att>, <att>xml:space</att>,
和<att>xml:base</att>; <att scheme="XX">type</att> 不在其中。</p>

<attList>

<attList org="choice">
 <attDef ident="active">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">identifies the <soCalled>active</soCalled> participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
 <attDef ident="mutual" usage="opt">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

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<desc>

<desc> (description) contains a short description of the purpose, function, or use of its parent element, or when the parent is a documentation element, describes or defines the object being documented. [23.4.1. Description of Components]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.translatable

@versionDate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Suggested values include:

deprecationInfo

(deprecation information) This element describes why or how its parent element is being deprecated, typically including recommendations for alternate encoding.

<dataSpec module="tei"
 ident="teidata.point" validUntil="2050-02-25">
 <desc type="deprecationInfo"
  versionDate="2018-09-14" xml:lang="en">Several standards bodies, including NIST in the USA,
   strongly recommend against ending the representation of a number
   with a decimal point. So instead of <q>3.</q> use either <q>3</q>
   or <q>3.0</q>.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</dataSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Member of

model.descLike model.labelLike

Contained by

analysis: interp interpGrp spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc ellipsis emph gap graphic head hi item l lg list listBibl media meeting note noteGrp orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure notatedMusic

gaiji: char charDecl glyph

header: application category change citeStructure handNote licence listChange listPrefixDef rendition schemaRef scriptNote tagUsage taxonomy unitDef

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab altGrp join joinGrp linkGrp listAnnotation seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: climate event listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location occupation org place population relation state terrain trait

nets: listForest

spoken: incident kinesic transcriptionDesc u vocal writing

tagdocs: attDef classSpec constraintDecl constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec listRef macroSpec model modelGrp modelSequence moduleSpec paramSpec schemaSpec valItem

textcrit: lem listApp listWit rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage listTranspose metamark mod restore retrace secl space substJoin supplied surface surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: abbr address bibl biblStruct choice cit date desc distinct email emph expan foreign gloss hi label list listBibl measure measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: table

header: biblFull idno

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef tag val

textcrit: listApp listWit

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: am ex subst

character data

Note

When used in a specification element such as elementSpec, TEI convention requires that this be expressed as a finite clause, begining with an active verb.

Example

Example of a desc element inside a documentation element.

<dataSpec module="tei"
 ident="teidata.point">
 <desc versionDate="2010-10-17"
  xml:lang="en">defines the data type used to express a point in cartesian space.</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="token"
   restriction="(-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?,-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?)"/>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</dataSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

Example of a desc element in a non-documentation element.

<place xml:id="KERG2">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron
A desc with a type of deprecationInfo should only occur when its parent element is being deprecated. Furthermore, it should always occur in an element that is being deprecated when desc is a valid child of that element.

<sch:rule context="tei:desc[ @type eq 'deprecationInfo']">
<sch:assert test="../@validUntil">Information about a
deprecation should only be present in a specification element
that is being deprecated: that is, only an element that has a
@validUntil attribute should have a child <desc
type="deprecationInfo">.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.limitedContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element desc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.translatable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { "deprecationInfo" | xsd:Name }?,
   macro.limitedContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <desc> (description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <desc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <desc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  <taxonomy xml:id="UD-SYN"
   datcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/index.html">
   <desc>
    <term>UD syntactic relations</term>
   </desc>
   <category xml:id="acl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl</term>: Clausal modifier of noun (adjectival clause)</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="acl_relcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl-relcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl:relcl</term>: relative clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="advcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/advcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>advcl</term>: Adverbial clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
<!-- ... -->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="keel" type="weight">
   <label>keel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 20" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 16" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Keel was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 20 chalders from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 16 chalders from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="chalder" type="weight">
   <label>chalder</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 32" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 36" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Chalder was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 32 bushels from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 36 bushels from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="bushel" type="weight">
   <label>bushel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <desc>Bushel was a unit measuring weight of coal.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="Celsius"
   type="temperature">
   <label>Celsius or Centigrade scale</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#Fahrenheit"
    toUnit="#Celsius" formula="($fromUnit - 32) * (5 div 9)"/>
   <desc>To convert from the Fahrenheit to the Celsius scale, subtract 32 from the Celsius temperature and multiply by 5/9.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<unitDef type="volume" xml:id="shunbul">
 <label xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</label>
 <label xml:lang="ar">شنبل</label>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1873"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.25"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1878"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 3"
  from="1891" fromUnit="#shunbul" to="1910"
  toUnit="#kile" where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile_istanbul" when="1860"
  where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 72"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#madd" when="1893"
  where="#damascus"/>
 <desc xml:lang="en">The <foreign xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</foreign> was the main unit to measure grain in the Northern parts of Greater Syria.</desc>
</unitDef>

<unitDef>

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="pechys" type="length">
  <label>πῆχυς</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <conversion fromUnit="#daktylos"
   toUnit="#pechys" formula="$fromUnit div 24"/>
  <desc>Equivalent to a cubit or 24 daktyloi.</desc>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="daktylos" type="length">
  <label>δάκτυλος</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <desc>A basic unit of length equivalent to one finger (or the size of a thumb) in ancient Greece.</desc>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="stadium" type="linear">
   <label>stadium</label>
   <placeName ref="#rome"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#pes"
    toUnit="#stadium" formula="$fromUnit * 625"/>
   <desc>The stadium was a Roman unit of linear measurement equivalent to 625 pedes, or Roman feet.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="wmw" type="power">
   <label>whatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#hpk"
    toUnit="#wmw" formula="$fromUnit * 1"/>
   <desc>In the Potrzebie system of measures as introduced by Donald Knuth, the whatmeworry unit of power is equivalent to one hah per kovac.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="kwmw" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#wmw"
    toUnit="#kwmw" formula="$fromUnit div 1000"/>
   <desc>The kilowhatmeworry is equivalent to 1000 whatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="ap" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#kwmw"
    toUnit="#ap" formula="$fromUnit div 100"/>
   <desc>One unit of aeolipower (A.P.) is equivalent to 100 kilowhatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<desc>

<dataSpec module="tei"
 ident="teidata.point" validUntil="2050-02-25">
 <desc type="deprecationInfo"
  versionDate="2018-09-14" xml:lang="en">Several standards bodies, including NIST in the USA,
   strongly recommend against ending the representation of a number
   with a decimal point. So instead of <q>3.</q> use either <q>3</q>
   or <q>3.0</q>.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</dataSpec>

<desc>

<dataSpec module="tei"
 ident="teidata.point">
 <desc versionDate="2010-10-17"
  xml:lang="en">defines the data type used to express a point in cartesian space.</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="token"
   restriction="(-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?,-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?)"/>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</dataSpec>

<desc>

<place xml:id="KERG2">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

<desc>

<desc>contient une description brève de la raison d'être et du champ d'application d'un
élément, d'un attribut ou de la valeur d'un attribut, d'une classe ou une entité.</desc>

<desc>

<desc>包含某個元素或屬性之定義與用法的簡短描述。</desc>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<gap reason="sampling" quantity="120"
 unit="lines">
 <desc>irrelevant commentary</desc>
</gap>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

… Their arrangement with respect to Jupiter and to each other was as follows:
<gap reason="sampling" extent="restOfPage">
 <desc>astrological figure</desc>
</gap>
That is, there were two stars on the easterly side and one to the
west; …

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>What projects men make—what queer turns they take,</l>
 <l>Since <emph>steam</emph> has improved our condition;</l>
 <l>They never are still, but must cure or must kill</l>
 <l>With steam physic or steam ammunition.</l>
 <l>But a short time ago, to a quack you would go,</l>
 <l>To steam a fat man to a thinner;</l>
 <l>Now changed from all that, if you wish to get <emph>fat</emph>,</l>
 <l>Come to Barton’s and eat a <emph>steam dinner!</emph>
 </l>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>You may sleep, you may dream, you may travel by steam,</l>
 <l>For the outcry is still to go faster;</l>
 <l>And what does it reck, should you e’en break your neck,</l>
 <l>If ’tis <emph>steam</emph> that brings on the disaster?</l>
 <ellipsis resp="#ChambersEdnbrghJrnl1880">
  <metamark function="multilineEllipsis"> * * * * </metamark>
  <desc resp="#teiProjectEditor2021">The printer omits four lines here,
     skipping the second half of the second octave, before the refrain.</desc>
 </ellipsis>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> pounds of flesh
</measure>
<measure type="currency">£10-11-6d</measure>
<measure type="area" unitRef="#merk">2 <unit>merks</unit> of old extent</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="merk" type="area">
   <label>merk</label>
   <placeName ref="#Scotland"/>
   <desc>A merk was an area of land determined variably by its agricultural
       productivity.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>3</num>
 <unit unitRef="#ell">ells</unit>
</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="ell">
   <label>ell</label>
   <placeName ref="#iceland"/>
   <desc>A unit of measure for cloth, roughly equivalent to 18 inches, or from an adult male’s elbow to the tip of the middle finger.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<media>

<media mimeType="audio/wav"
 url="dingDong.wav" dur="PT10S">
 <desc>Ten seconds of bellringing sound</desc>
</media>

<media>

<media mimeType="video/mp4"
 url="clip45.mp4" dur="PT45M" width="500px">
 <desc>A 45 minute video clip to be displayed in a window 500
   px wide</desc>
</media>

7. Performance Texts

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<schemaSpec ident="myDrama">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="structure"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <elementSpec ident="stage" mode="change">
  <attList>
   <attDef ident="type" mode="replace">
    <valList type="closed">
     <valItem ident="setting">
      <desc>describes the set</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="blocking">
      <desc>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="business">
      <desc>describes movement other than blocking</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="delivery">
      <desc>describes how the line is said</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="motivation">
      <desc>describes character's emotional state or through line</desc>
     </valItem>
    </valList>
   </attDef>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

8.3.1. Utterances

<u who="#a">Listen to this
<incident>
  <desc>reads aloud from newspaper</desc>
 </incident> what
nonsense</u>

8.3.1. Utterances

<u who="#a">So what could I have done <vocal who="#b">
  <desc>tut-tutting</desc>
 </vocal> about it anyway?</u>

8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

<u who="#jan">This is just delicious</u>
<incident>
 <desc>telephone rings</desc>
</incident>
<u who="#ann">I'll get it</u>
<u who="#tom">I used to <vocal>
  <desc>cough</desc>
 </vocal> smoke a lot</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <vocal>
  <desc>sniffs</desc>
 </vocal>He thinks he's tough
</u>
<vocal who="#ann">
 <desc>snorts</desc>
</vocal>
<!-- ... elsewhere, e.g., in the <particDesc>: -->
<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="ann">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="bob">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="jan">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="kim">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="tom">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

<u who="#ann">
 <vocal>
  <desc>snorts</desc>
 </vocal>
</u>

<vocal>

<vocal dur="PT12S">
 <desc>whistles</desc>
</vocal>
<vocal iterated="true">
 <desc>whistles intermittently</desc>
</vocal>

<vocal>

<vocal dur="PT12S">
 <desc>sifflements</desc>
</vocal>
<vocal iterated="true">
 <desc>sifflements intermittents</desc>
</vocal>

<vocal>

<vocal dur="PT12S">
 <desc>吹口哨</desc>
</vocal>
<vocal iterated="true">
 <desc>斷斷續續地吹口哨</desc>
</vocal>

<kinesic>

<kinesic dur="PT1.5S" iterated="true"
 type="reinforcing">
 <desc>nodding head vigorously</desc>
</kinesic>

<kinesic>

<kinesic dur="PT1.5S" iterated="true"
 type="reinforcing">
 <desc>hochant la tête vigoureusement</desc>
</kinesic>

<kinesic>

<kinesic dur="PT1.5S" iterated="true"
 type="reinforcing">
 <desc>精力旺盛地點頭</desc>
</kinesic>

<incident>

<incident>
 <desc>ceiling collapses</desc>
</incident>

<incident>

<incident>
 <desc>La vitrine s'écroule dans un grand fracas.</desc>
</incident>

<incident>

<incident>
 <desc>天花板崩塌</desc>
</incident>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u xml:id="utt1" who="#jane">have you read Vanity <anchor synch="#utt2 #k1" xml:id="a1"/> Fair</u>
<u xml:id="utt2" who="#stig">yes</u>
<kinesic xml:id="k1" who="#lou"
 iterated="true">
 <desc>nods head vertically</desc>
</kinesic>

8.4.4. Prosody

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="lf">
  <desc>low fall intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="lr">
  <desc>low rise intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="fr">
  <desc>fall rise intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="rf">
  <desc>rise fall intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="long">
  <desc>lengthened syllable</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="short">
  <desc>shortened syllable</desc>
 </char>
</charDecl>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC <post>

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t005" who="#A06"
 xml:id="cmc_post09">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc xml:lang="en">screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm"
     with the average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and
     the opening hours.</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t003" who="#A02"
 xml:id="cmc_post18" xml:lang="de"> Da kostet ein Haarschnitt 50 €
<figure type="emoji"
  generatedBy="template">
  <desc type="label" xml:lang="en">face screaming in fear</desc>
  <desc type="unicode">U+1F631</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<post modality="spoken" generatedBy="human"
 synch="#cmc-haircut_t004" who="#cmc-haircut_A05"
 xml:id="cmc-haircut_m9"> In Düsseldorf gibt's da so Abstufungen. Da gibt's einmal Oliver
Schmidt, Oliver Schmidt's Hair Design, also dann, ist eher also, keine Ahnung, zum
Beispiel ich war da bei dem etwas Günstigeren dann. Ich weiß nicht, ob's das in Essen auch
gibt diese Abstufungen </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t004"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A02" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m10"> Ich schau mal :) </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t005"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A06" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m11"> Ich gehe immer nach Katernberg zu Pasha’s
haarem Hahaha also die sind echt entspannt und gut und nicht teuer </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tcmc-haircut_005"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A06" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m12">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc xml:lang="en">screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm"
     with the average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and
     the opening hours. </desc>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t006"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A03" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m13"> Olivers hair und Oliver Schmidt gehören
zusammen </post>

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<text>
 <body>
  <u xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a191"
   who="#tingrabu"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts373" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts430">ok
     hm for me this presentation was hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> become too fast because it's
     always the same in our architecture school euh we have not time and hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> too quickly sorry [...]</u>
  <kinesic xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a192"
   who="#romeorez"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts376" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts377"
   type="body" subtype="kinesics">
   <desc>
    <code>eat(popcorn)</code>
   </desc>
  </kinesic>
<!-- more bodily activities of avatars -->
  <post modality="written"
   generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a195"
   who="#tfrez2"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts380" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts381"
   type="chat-message">
   <p>it went too quickly?</p>
  </post>
 </body>
</text>

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#lscLB.t004" who="#lscLB.A03"
 xml:id="cmc_post22"> ... ich überlege noch <figure type="emoji"
  generatedBy="template">
  <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
  <desc type="gloss" xml:lang="en">see no evil monkey</desc>
  <desc type="unicode">U+1F648</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.6.2. Posts with Graphics

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t005" who="#A06"
 xml:id="cmc_post23">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc>screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm" with the
     average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and the
     opening hours. </desc>
 </figure>
</post>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.4.2. Lines

I have once — by declaring I would prosecute
by law — hindered a man's proceedings who <hi xml:id="cstart1" rend="underline">had
obtained all the letters to Mr Boyd</hi>
<!-- ... -->
<certainty target="#cstart1" locus="start"
 degree="0.70">
 <desc>may begin with previous word</desc>
</certainty>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<event xml:id="eMBB" from="1955-12-01"
 to="1956-12-20">
 <label>Montgomery Bus Boycott</label>
 <desc>A political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of
   the city of <placeName ref="#MONT">Montgomery</placeName>.</desc>
</event>

14.3.2. The Person Element

<elementSpec ident="person"
 module="namesdates" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="replace" ident="age">
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="child">
     <desc>less than 18 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="adult">
     <desc>18 to 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="retired">
     <desc>over 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<trait type="ethnicity" key="alb">
 <label>Ethnicity</label>
 <desc>Ethnic Albanian.</desc>
</trait>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<trait type="physical">
 <label>eye colour</label>
 <desc>blue</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
 <label>hair colour</label>
 <desc>brown</desc>
</trait>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<state type="nationality"
 notBefore="2002-01-15">
 <label>Nationality</label>
 <desc>American citizen from 15 January 2002.</desc>
</state>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<org xml:id="FAB4">
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<p>The TEI institutional hosts are: <listOrg>
  <org xml:id="bu">
   <orgName>Brown University</orgName>
   <desc>The host contribution is made jointly by the <name type="project">Brown University Women Writers
         Project</name> and the <orgName>Brown University Library's Center for Digital Initiatives</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="na">
   <orgName>Nancy</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by a group of institutions located in Nancy, France, coordinated by
   <orgName>Loria</orgName> and also including <orgName>ATILF</orgName> and <orgName>INIST</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="ou">
   <orgName>Oxford University</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by the <orgName>Research Technologies Service</orgName> at <orgName>Oxford University
         Computing Services</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="uv">
   <orgName>University of Virginia</orgName>
   <desc>Virginia's host support comes jointly from the <orgName>Institute for Advanced Technology in the
         Humanities</orgName> and the <orgName>University of Virginia Library</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
 </listOrg>
</p>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="greece">
 <placeName>Greece</placeName>
 <climate>
  <desc>Greece's climate is divided into three well defined classes:</desc>
  <climate>
   <label>Mediterranean</label>
   <desc>It features mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures rarely reach extremes, although snowfalls
       do occur occasionally even in <placeName>Athens</placeName>, <placeName>Cyclades</placeName> or
   <placeName>Crete</placeName> during the winter.</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Alpine</label>
   <desc>It is found primarily in <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Greece</placeName>
       (<placeName>Epirus</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> Greece</placeName>,
   <placeName>Thessaly</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as well as
       central parts of <placeName>Peloponnesus</placeName> like <placeName>Achaea</placeName>,
   <placeName>Arcadia</placeName> and parts of <placeName>Laconia</placeName> where the Alpine range pass
       by)</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Temperate</label>
   <desc>It is found in <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> and <offset>Eastern</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as
       well as in <placeName>Thrace</placeName> at places like <placeName>Komotini</placeName>,
   <placeName>Xanthi</placeName> and <placeName>
     <offset>northern</offset> Evros</placeName>. It features cold,
       damp winters and hot, dry summers.</desc>
  </climate>
 </climate>
</place>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<population type="squirrel"
 notBefore="1901" notAfter="1902-01-11" resp="#strabo">
 <population type="red" when="1901-01-10">
  <population type="female">
   <desc>12</desc>
  </population>
  <population type="male">
   <desc>15</desc>
  </population>
 </population>
 <population type="gray" when="1902-01-10"
  cert="high">
  <population type="female">
   <desc>23</desc>
  </population>
  <population type="male" cert="low"
   resp="#biber">
   <desc>45</desc>
  </population>
 </population>
</population>

<geo>

<geoDecl xml:id="WGS" datum="WGS84">World Geodetic System</geoDecl>
<geoDecl xml:id="OS" datum="OSGB36">Ordnance Survey</geoDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<location>
 <desc>A tombstone plus six lines of
   Anglo-Saxon text, built into the west tower (on the south side
   of the archway, at 8 ft. above the ground) of the
   Church of St. Mary-le-Wigford in Lincoln.</desc>
 <geo decls="#WGS">53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <geo decls="#OS">SK 97481 70947</geo>
</location>

<listOrg>

<listOrg>
 <head>Libyans</head>
 <org>
  <orgName>Adyrmachidae</orgName>
  <desc>These people have, in most points, the same customs as the Egyptians, but
     use the costume of the Libyans. Their women wear on each leg a ring made of
     bronze [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Nasamonians</orgName>
  <desc>In summer they leave their flocks and herds upon the sea-shore, and go up
     the country to a place called Augila, where they gather the dates from the
     palms [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Garamantians</orgName>
  <desc>[...] avoid all society or intercourse with their fellow-men, have no
     weapon of war, and do not know how to defend themselves. [...]</desc>
<!-- ... -->
 </org>
</listOrg>

<listEvent>

<listEvent>
 <head>Battles of the American Civil War: Kentucky</head>
 <event xml:id="event01" when="1861-09-19">
  <label>Barbourville</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Barbourville was one of the early engagements of
     the American Civil War. It occurred September 19, 1861, in Knox
     County, Kentucky during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate
     Offensive. The battle is considered the first Confederate victory in
     the commonwealth, and threw a scare into Federal commanders, who
     rushed troops to central Kentucky in an effort to repel the invasion,
     which was finally thwarted at the <ref target="#event02">Battle of
       Camp Wildcat</ref> in October.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event02" when="1861-10-21">
  <label>Camp Wild Cat</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Camp Wildcat (also known as Wildcat Mountain and Camp
     Wild Cat) was one of the early engagements of the American Civil
     War. It occurred October 21, 1861, in northern Laurel County, Kentucky
     during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate Offensive. The
     battle is considered one of the very first Union victories, and marked
     the first engagement of troops in the commonwealth of Kentucky.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event03" from="1864-06-11"
  to="1864-06-12">
  <label>Cynthiana</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Cynthiana (or Kellar’s Bridge) was an engagement
     during the American Civil War that was fought on June 11 and 12, 1864,
     in Harrison County, Kentucky, near the town of Cynthiana. A part of
     Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan's 1864 Raid into
     Kentucky, the battle resulted in a victory by Union forces over the
     raiders and saved the town from capture.</desc>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<org>

<org xml:id="JAMs">
 <orgName>Justified Ancients of Mummu</orgName>
 <desc>An underground anarchist collective spearheaded by
 <persName>Hagbard Celine</persName>, who fight the Illuminati
   from a golden submarine, the <name>Leif Ericson</name>
 </desc>
 <bibl>
  <author>Robert Shea</author>
  <author>Robert Anton Wilson</author>
  <title>The Illuminatus! Trilogy</title>
 </bibl>
</org>

<person>

<person age="G2" role="author"
 xml:id="W0212" sex="F">
 <birth when="1787"/>
 <death when="1855"/>
 <persName type="main">Mitford, Mary Russell (1787–1855)</persName>
 <persName resp="#Nicoll">MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL</persName>
 <listBibl type="lacyTitles">
  <desc>Lacy's Acting Editions</desc>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1280">Foscari</ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1337">Rienzi</ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
 <listRef type="seeAlso">
  <ref target="https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1386">ATCL</ref>
  <ref target="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18859">ODNB</ref>
  <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford">Wikipedia</ref>
  <ref target="https://digitalmitford.org">Digital Mitford</ref>
 </listRef>
</person>

<population>

<population when="2001-04" resp="#UKCensus">
 <population type="white">
  <desc>54153898</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="asian">
  <desc>11811423</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="black">
  <desc>1148738</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="mixed">
  <desc>677117</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="chinese">
  <desc>247403</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="other">
  <desc>230615</desc>
 </population>
</population>

<state>

<org>
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

<state>

<state cert="high" type="social"
 from="1987-01-01" to="1997-12-31">
 <label>Citoyenneté</label>
 <desc>Entre 1987 et 1997a bénéficié du statut de citoyen naturalisé du ROYAUME-UNI</desc>
</state>

<terrain>

<place xml:id="KERG">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

<trait>

<trait type="physical">
 <label>眼珠顏色</label>
 <desc>藍色</desc>
</trait>

<trait>

<trait type="physical">
 <label>Couleur des yeux</label>
 <desc>bleu</desc>
</trait>

<trait>

<trait type="physical">
 <label>Eye colour</label>
 <desc>Blue</desc>
</trait>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
 <listEvent>
  <event when="1713"
   ref="https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832/2">
   <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
<!-- The following example presupposes that the editors of the TEI document decided to understand legislation or a treaty as an <gi>event</gi>, which itself may be considered a shortcut for several events that led up to the existence or validity of the law or treaty (e.g. the signing of a treaty could also be modeled as an event, and the result on paper could be encoded as an <gi>object</gi> or <gi>bibl</gi>). -->
   <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay Company</orgName> territories in
   <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>, <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and
       recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
       North American possessions, including
   <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName>
       (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward Island</placeName>)...</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
   <label>Quebec Act</label>
   <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith and restored use of the
       French Civil Code for private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been expanded in territory
       following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
   <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
   <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty
       between the newly formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this case, the
   <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
</standOff>

14.3.5. Events

<event type="meeting" when="2007-05-29">
 <desc>All day meeting to resolve content models</desc>
 <event type="preamble" notAfter="13:00:00">
  <desc>first part</desc>
 </event>
 <event type="conclusions"
  notBefore="13:00:00">
  <desc>second part</desc>
 </event>
</event>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"
  mimeType="application/vnd.recordare.musicxml"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. Encoded in
   MusicXML.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.ly"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. Encoded in
   Lilypond.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.mscz"
  mimeType="application/x-musescore"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. MuseScore Notation
   Software format.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

<notatedMusic>

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.7. Aggregation

<list>
 <head>Authors</head>
 <item xml:id="a_uf">Figge, Udo </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ch">Heibach, Christiane </item>
 <item xml:id="a_gh">Heyer, Gerhard </item>
 <item xml:id="a_bp">Philipp, Bettina </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ms">Samiec, Monika </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ss">Schierholz, Stefan </item>
</list>
<join target="#a_ch #a_bp #a_ss"
 result="list">
 <desc>Authors from Heidelberg</desc>
</join>

17.7. Aggregation

<joinGrp result="q">
 <join target="#zuiq1 #zuiq2 #zuiq4 #zuiq7">
  <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
 </join>
 <join target="#zuiq3 #zuiq5 #zuiq6">
  <desc>what Master said</desc>
 </join>
</joinGrp>

17.7. Aggregation

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="fr_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="fr_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="fr_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as
borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="fr_LST1"
 target="#fr_LP1 #fr_LP2 #fr_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>台灣譯為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>艾蜜莉的異想世界</s>
  </item>
 </list> ；香港譯作<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>天使愛美麗</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<p>中國大陸則名為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>阿梅麗的奇妙命運</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="zh-tw_LST1"
 target="#zh-tw_LP1 #zh-tw_LP2 #zh-tw_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>電影Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain的中港台譯名</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="LST1"
 target="#LP1 #LP2 #LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

att.global.linking

<!-- In a placeography called "places.xml" --><place xml:id="LOND1"
 corresp="people.xml#LOND2 people.xml#GENI1">
 <placeName>London</placeName>
 <desc>The city of London...</desc>
</place>
<!-- In a literary personography called "people.xml" -->
<person xml:id="LOND2"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #GENI1">
 <persName type="lit">London</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Allegorical character representing the city of <placeName ref="places.xml#LOND1">London</placeName>.</p>
 </note>
</person>
<person xml:id="GENI1"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #LOND2">
 <persName type="lit">London’s Genius</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Personification of London’s genius. Appears as an
     allegorical character in mayoral shows.
  </p>
 </note>
</person>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

<interpGrp>

<interpGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <desc>basic structural organization</desc>
 <interp xml:id="I1">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I2">conflict</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I3">climax</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I4">revenge</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I5">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I6">aftermath</interp>
</interpGrp>
<bibl xml:id="TMA">
<!-- bibliographic citation for source of this interpretive framework -->
</bibl>

<interpGrp>

<interpGrp resp="#fr_TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <desc>Organisation structurelle de base</desc>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I1">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I2">conflit</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I3">apogée</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I4">vengeance</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I5">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I6">conséquence</interp>
</interpGrp>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

Elizabeth went to
<placeName xml:id="CE-pl1">Essex</placeName>.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document ... -->
<certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name">
 <desc>possibly not a placename</desc>
</certainty>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<!-- ... --><certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name"
 degree="0.6">
 <desc>probably a placename, but possibly not</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name"
 degree="0.4" assertedValue="persName">
 <desc>may refer to the Earl of Essex</desc>
</certainty>

22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions

Elizabeth went to <placeName xml:id="CE-PL1">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-PL2">Essex</placeName>.

<!-- ... -->
<!-- 60% chance that P1 is a placename, 40% chance a personal name. -->
<certainty xml:id="cert-1" target="#CE-PL1"
 locus="name" degree="0.6">
 <desc>probably a placename, but possibly not"</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty xml:id="cert-2" target="#CE-PL1"
 locus="name" assertedValue="persName" degree="0.4">
 <desc>may refer to the Earl of Essex"</desc>
</certainty>
<!-- 60% chance that P2 is a placename, 40% chance a personal name. 100% chance that it agrees with P1. -->
<certainty target="#CE-PL2" locus="name"
 given="#cert-1" degree="1.0">
 <desc>if CE-PL1 is a placename, CE-PL2 certainly is"</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty target="#CE-PL2" locus="name"
 assertedValue="persName" degree="1.0" given="#cert-2">
 <desc>if CE-PL1 is a personal name, then so is CE-PL2</desc>
</certainty>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

I have a <emph xml:id="CE-P3">bun</emph>.

<certainty target="#CE-P3" locus="value"
 assertedValue="gun" degree="0.8">
 <desc>a gun makes more sense in a holdup</desc>
</certainty>

<certainty>

<certainty target="#ESX" locus="name"
 assertedValue="placeName" cert="low">
 <desc>It is unlikely, but possible, that this refers to the place
   rather than the person.</desc>
</certainty>

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

23. Documentation Elements

23.2. Modules and Schemas

<moduleSpec ident="namesdates">
 <idno type="FPI">Names and Dates</idno>
 <desc>Additional elements for names and dates</desc>
</moduleSpec>

<moduleSpec>

<moduleSpec ident="namesdates">
 <idno type="FPI">Names and Dates</idno>
 <desc>Additional elements for names and dates</desc>
</moduleSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs"
 xml:id="fr_Code" ident="code">
 <desc>contient le code littéral</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>la langue du code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and
     any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly
     in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within
     the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>regroupe des éléments utilisés pour des segmentations arbitraires.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>Les principes selon lesquels la segmentation est effectuée, et tous les codes
     spéciaux ou toutes les valeurs d'attribut utilisées, devraient être définis
     explicitement dans l'élément<gi>segmentation</gi> de l'élément<gi>encodingDesc</gi>
     dans l'en-tête TEI associé.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>匯集用於隨機分割的元素</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and any special codes or attribute
     values used, should be defined explicitly in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the
  <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<dataSpec>

<dataSpec ident="teidata.pointer">
 <desc versionDate="2013-01-19"
  xml:lang="en">defines the range of
   attribute values used to provide a single URI, absolute or relative,
   pointing to some other resource, either within the current document
   or elsewhere.</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="anyURI"/>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<valList type="open">
 <valItem ident="susp">
  <gloss>suspension</gloss>
  <desc>the abbreviation provides the first letter(s) of the word or phrase, omitting the
     remainder.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="contr">
  <gloss>contraction</gloss>
  <desc>the abbreviation omits some letter(s) in the middle.</desc>
 </valItem>
<!--...-->
</valList>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="core" ident="foreign">
<!--... -->
 <desc xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-07-21">identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some
   language other than that of the surrounding text. </desc>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="death">
 <equiv name="E69"
  uri="http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/"/>
 <desc>
<!--... -->
 </desc>
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec ident="bo"
 ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <equiv filter="http://www.example.com/equiv-filter.xsl"
  mimeType="text/xsl" name="bold"/>
 <gloss>bold</gloss>
 <desc>contains a sequence of characters rendered in a bold face.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>bold typography</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>caractères gras</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>粗體印刷</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<attDef ident="columns">
 <gloss xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-06-12">columns</gloss>
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">specifies the number of columns per page</desc>
 <datatype minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="2">
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <remarks xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2017-07-09">
  <p>If a single number is given, all pages referenced
     have this number of columns. If two numbers are given,
     the number of columns per page varies between the
     values supplied. Where <att>columns</att> is omitted
     the number is assumed to be <val>1</val>.</p>
 </remarks>
</attDef>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="ageAtDeath"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>age in years at death</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <constraintSpec ident="lessThan150"
  scheme="schematron">
  <constraint>
   <sch:rule context="@ageAtDeath">
    <sch:assert test=". le 150">age at death must be an integer less than 150</sch:assert>
   </sch:rule>
  </constraint>
 </constraintSpec>
</attDef>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">characterizes the movement, for example as an
   entrance or exit.</desc>
 <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
  xml:lang="ko">예를 들어 입장 또는 퇴장과 같은, 이동의 특성을 기술한다.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
 </datatype>
 <valList type="open">
  <valItem ident="entrance">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is entering the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에 등장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="exit">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is exiting the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 퇴장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="onStage">
   <desc versionDate="2007-07-04"
    xml:lang="en">character moves on stage</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 이동한다.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model

<valItem ident="link">
 <desc>create a hyperlink</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="content">
   <desc>supplies the location of some content describing the link</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="uri">
   <desc>supplies the location of the intended hyperlink</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model

<valItem ident="alternate">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">support display of alternative visualisations, for
   example by displaying the preferred content, by displaying both in parallel, or by toggling
   between the two.</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="default">
   <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
    xml:lang="en">supplies the location of the preferred
       content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="alternate">
   <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
    xml:lang="en">supplies the location of the alternative
       content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

23.5.4.9. Implementation of Processing Models

<model behaviour="inline"
 predicate="parent::list">
 <desc versionDate="2015-03-02"
  xml:lang="en">Model for list headings</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</model>
<model behaviour="heading">
 <desc versionDate="2016-03-02"
  xml:lang="en">Default model for all headings.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</model>

<model>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="quote">
 <model predicate="ancestor::p"
  behaviour="inline">
  <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
   xml:lang="en">If it's inside a paragraph then it's
     inline</desc>
 </model>
 <model predicate="not(ancestor::p)"
  behaviour="block">
  <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
   xml:lang="en">If it's not inside a paragraph then it is
     block level</desc>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<model>

<model predicate="parent::person"
 behaviour="inline">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">If it is a child of a person element, treat as
   inline</desc>
</model>

<paramList>

<valItem ident="alternate">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">create a specialized display of alternating elements for displaying the preferred version and an alternative, both at once or by some method of toggling between the two.</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="default">
   <desc>preferred content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="alternate">
   <desc>alternate content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

<paramSpec>

<valItem ident="link">
 <desc>create a hyperlink</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="content">
   <desc>supplies the location of some content describing the link</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="link">
   <desc>supplies the location of the intended URL</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

att.predicate

<model predicate="parent::person"
 behaviour="inline">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">If it is a child of a person element, treat as inline</desc>
</model>

23.6. Class Specifications

<classSpec type="model"
 ident="model.hiLike">
 <desc>groups phrase-level elements related to highlighting that have no specific semantics </desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.highlighted"/>
 </classes>
</classSpec>

<constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec ident="demo-c1"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>Enforce the presence of the <att>spanTo</att> attribute</desc>
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:addSpan">
   <sch:assert test="@spanTo">The spanTo= attribute of <sch:name/> is required.</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec ident="demo-c2"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>Implement an accessibility rule which says that pictures
   should have textual explanations</desc>
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:figure">
   <sch:report test="not( tei:figDesc | tei:head )">You should
       provide information in a figure from which
       we can construct an alt attribute in HTML</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type of schema</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type de schéma</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>文件模型的種類</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList org="choice">
 <attDef ident="active">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">identifies the <soCalled>active</soCalled> participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
 <attDef ident="mutual" usage="opt">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>specifies a name conventionally used for this level of subdivision, e.g.
 <val>act</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>book</val>, <val>section</val>, <val>canto</val>,
   etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>spécifie un nom conventionnellement utilisé pour ce niveau de divisions , par ex.
 <val>acte</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>livre</val>, <val>section</val>,
 <val>chant</val>, etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>具體指定慣例上使用的分部名稱，例如：
 <val>幕</val>, <val>卷</val>, <val>冊</val>, <val>節</val>, <val>篇章</val>,
   等。</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<dataRef>

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger"
   restriction="[0-9][0-9]?"/>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

<dataFacet>

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger">
   <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
    value="99"/>
   <dataFacet name="minInclusive" value="0"/>
  </dataRef>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>douteux</gloss>
 <desc>utilisé quand l'emploi de cet élément est douteux ou incertain.</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious（無把握的）</gloss>
 <desc>適用於無法確定或對該元素的使用存疑時</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="border">
  <desc>used to signify that there is border around a page.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-rule">
  <desc>used to signify that there is a border made of ruled lines.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-ornamental">
  <desc>used to signify that there is an ornamental border.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="catch">
  <gloss>catchword</gloss>
  <desc>for catch words.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="lineNum">
  <gloss>line number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed line numbers (usually in poetry).</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="listHead">
  <gloss>list heading</gloss>
  <desc>for headings of lists or similar constructs; often used in tables of contents for the
  <q>page</q> heading.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pageNum">
  <gloss>page number</gloss>
  <desc>for page numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pressFig">
  <gloss>press figure</gloss>
  <desc>for press figures. These are usually numbers, but are not sequential or regularly
     printed like signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="sig">
  <gloss>signature</gloss>
  <desc>for printed signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="unknown">
  <desc>for a metawork whose function you do not know.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="vol">
  <gloss>volume number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed volume numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="other">
  <desc>anything not covered by the above values.</desc>
  <remarks>
   <p>Used for an ornament, decorated tool line, or symbol(s) that is not officially a
       delimiter (and thus there is no element on which to put <val>pre()</val> or
   <val>post()</val>) but is used to fill space at the bottom of a page so that a
   <gi>floatingText</gi> or similar can start at the top of the next.</p>
  </remarks>
 </valItem>
</valList>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates whether or not the example is considered to be valid</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.truthValue"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI" mode="add">
   <desc>indicates the validity of the example by supplying one of three predefined
       codes for it.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="A">
     <desc>validity is of the highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="B">
     <desc>validity is of the second highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="C">
     <desc>validity is of the lowest class</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

<elementSpec ident="p" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="topic" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates the topic of a TEI paragraph</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <desc>marks paragraphs in prose.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p" mode="change">
 <desc xml:lang="es">marca párrafos en prosa.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<classSpec module="verse" type="atts"
 ident="att.enjamb">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="enjamb" usage="opt">
   <equiv/>
   <desc>indicates whether the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="open">
    <valItem ident="no">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is end-stopped </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="yes">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line in question runs on into the next </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="weak">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is weakly enjambed </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="strong">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is strongly enjambed</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<attDef ident="full" usage="opt">
 <defaultVal>yes</defaultVal>
 <valList type="closed">
  <valItem ident="yes">
   <desc>the name component is spelled out in full.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="abb">
   <gloss>abbreviated</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is given in an abbreviated form.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="init">
   <gloss>initial letter</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is indicated only by one initial.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

24.5.5. Making a DTD

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="faith">
 <desc>specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.persStateLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.editLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.datable"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<gloss>

<gloss> (gloss) identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase. [3.4.1. Terms and Glosses 23.4.1. Description of Components]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cReferencing

@cRef

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.translatable

@versionDate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.emphLike model.identEquiv

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc category change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage taxonomy

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab joinGrp seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: attDef classSpec constraintDecl constraintSpec dataSpec eg elementSpec macroSpec model modelGrp modelSequence moduleSpec paramSpec schemaSpec valDesc valItem

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The target and cRef attributes are mutually exclusive.

Example

We may define <term xml:id="tdpv" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> as
<gloss target="#tdpv">the relationship, expressed
through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the
fiction.</gloss>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element gloss
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cReferencing.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.translatable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <gloss> (gloss)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <gloss> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <gloss> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

10. Dictionaries

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<!-- in the dictionary header --><encodingDesc>
 <classDecl>
  <taxonomy xml:id="domains">
<!--...-->
   <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences">
    <catDesc xml:lang="en">Medical and Health Sciences</catDesc>
    <catDesc xml:lang="pt">Ciências Médicas e da Saúde</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine"
     valueDatcat="https://vocabs.rossio.fcsh.unl.pt/pub/morais_domains/pt/page/0025">
     <catDesc xml:lang="en">
      <term>Medicine</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
     <catDesc xml:lang="pt">
      <term>Medicina</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
<!--...-->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
<!-- inside an <entry> element: -->
<usg type="domain"
 valueDatcat="#domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine">Med.</usg>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<mentioned>

There is thus a
striking accentual difference between a verbal form like <mentioned xml:id="X234" xml:lang="el">eluthemen</mentioned>
<gloss target="#X234">we were released,</gloss> accented on the second syllable of the
word, and its participial derivative
<mentioned xml:id="X235" xml:lang="el">lutheis</mentioned>
<gloss target="#X235">released,</gloss> accented on the last.

3.4.1. Terms and Glosses

We may define <term xml:id="TDPv" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term>
as
<gloss target="#TDPv">the relationship, expressed through discourse
structure, between the implied author or some other addresser,
and the fiction.</gloss>

3.4.1. Terms and Glosses

<gloss rend="unmarked" target="#PRSR">A computational device that infers
structure from grammatical strings of words</gloss> is known as a
<term xml:id="PRSR">parser</term>, and much of the history of NLP over the
last 20 years has been occupied with the design of parsers.

3.4.1. Terms and Glosses

There is thus a striking accentual difference between a verbal
form like <mentioned xml:id="cw234" xml:lang="grc">eluthemen</mentioned>
<gloss target="#cw234">we were released,</gloss> accented on the
second syllable of the word, and its participial derivative

<mentioned xml:id="cw235" xml:lang="grc">lutheis</mentioned>
<gloss target="#cw235">released,</gloss> accented on the last.

<gloss>

We may define <term xml:id="tdpv" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> as
<gloss target="#tdpv">the relationship, expressed
through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the
fiction.</gloss>

<gloss>

Les<term> embrayeurs</term> sont
<gloss>une classe de mots dont le sens varie avec la situation; ces
mots, n'ayant pas de référence propre dans la langue, ne reçoivent un référent que
lorsqu'ils sont inclus dans un message.</gloss>

<gloss>

我們可以定義 <term xml:id="zh-tw_tdpv" rend="sc">戀母情結</term> 為
<gloss target="#zh-tw_tdpv">佛洛伊德心理分析理論中的重要觀念，指三至六歲大的男孩在性慾上有一種戀母情結的階段，這情結更進一步發展成對父親的忌妒仇視，甚至亟欲除之而後快。</gloss>

<term>

賣空的對稱，<term xml:id="zh-tw_TMK" rend="sc">買空</term>亦稱
<gloss target="#zh-tw_TMK">多頭交易，是指交易者利用借入資金，在市場上買入期貨，以期將來價格上漲時，再高價拋出，從中獲利的投票活動。</gloss>

<term>

We may define <term xml:id="TDPV1" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> as
<gloss target="#TDPV1">the relationship, expressed
through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the
fiction.</gloss>

<term>

We may define <term ref="#TDPV2" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> as
<gloss xml:id="TDPV2">the relationship, expressed
through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the
fiction.</gloss>

3.4.1.1. Some Further Examples

A pretty common case, I believe; in all <emph>vehement</emph>
debatings. She says I am <q rend="italic">too witty</q>;
<foreign xml:lang="la" rend="roman">Anglicé</foreign>,
<gloss rend="italic">too pert</gloss>; I, that she is
<q rend="italic"> too wise</q>; that is to say, being likewise
put into English, <gloss rend="italic">not so young as she has
been</gloss>: in short, she is grown so much into a
<hi rend="italic">mother</hi>, that she had forgotten she ever
was a <hi rend="italic">daughter</hi>.

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>bitter, harsh</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>field</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>hear, listen (to)</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>war</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>good</gloss>
 </item>
</list>

10. Dictionaries

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abismo</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>del <lang>gr.</lang>
  <mentioned>a</mentioned> priv. y <mentioned>byssos</mentioned>,
 <gloss>fondo</gloss>
 </etym>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <etym>
  <lang>F</lang> fr. <lang>ML</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <mentioned>neuma</mentioned> fr. <lang>Gk</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <gloss>breath</gloss>
  <xr type="etym">more at <ptr target="#pneumatic"/>
  </xr>
 </etym>
 <sense>
  <def>any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant
<!-- ... -->
  </def>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="pneumatic">
 <etym>
<!-- ... -->
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>Handschuh</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="compounding">
  <oRef>Hand</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ˈhant</pRef>): <gloss>hand</gloss>,
 <etym type="metaphor">
   <oRef>Schuh</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ʃuː</pRef>): <gloss>shoe</gloss>
  </etym>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="XYZ">
 <form>Bogomil</form>
 <etym>Means <gloss>favoured by God</gloss> from the <lang>Slavic</lang> elements <mentioned xml:lang="ru">bog</mentioned>
  <gloss>God</gloss> and <mentioned xml:lang="ru">mil</mentioned>
  <gloss>favour</gloss>
 </etym>
</nym>

23. Documentation Elements

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="linking" ident="ab">
 <gloss>anonymous block</gloss>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<valList type="open">
 <valItem ident="susp">
  <gloss>suspension</gloss>
  <desc>the abbreviation provides the first letter(s) of the word or phrase, omitting the
     remainder.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="contr">
  <gloss>contraction</gloss>
  <desc>the abbreviation omits some letter(s) in the middle.</desc>
 </valItem>
<!--...-->
</valList>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec ident="bo"
 ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <equiv filter="http://www.example.com/equiv-filter.xsl"
  mimeType="text/xsl" name="bold"/>
 <gloss>bold</gloss>
 <desc>contains a sequence of characters rendered in a bold face.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<attDef ident="columns">
 <gloss xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-06-12">columns</gloss>
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">specifies the number of columns per page</desc>
 <datatype minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="2">
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <remarks xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2017-07-09">
  <p>If a single number is given, all pages referenced
     have this number of columns. If two numbers are given,
     the number of columns per page varies between the
     values supplied. Where <att>columns</att> is omitted
     the number is assumed to be <val>1</val>.</p>
 </remarks>
</attDef>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>required</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>recommended</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optional</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>douteux</gloss>
 <desc>utilisé quand l'emploi de cet élément est douteux ou incertain.</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious（無把握的）</gloss>
 <desc>適用於無法確定或對該元素的使用存疑時</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="border">
  <desc>used to signify that there is border around a page.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-rule">
  <desc>used to signify that there is a border made of ruled lines.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-ornamental">
  <desc>used to signify that there is an ornamental border.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="catch">
  <gloss>catchword</gloss>
  <desc>for catch words.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="lineNum">
  <gloss>line number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed line numbers (usually in poetry).</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="listHead">
  <gloss>list heading</gloss>
  <desc>for headings of lists or similar constructs; often used in tables of contents for the
  <q>page</q> heading.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pageNum">
  <gloss>page number</gloss>
  <desc>for page numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pressFig">
  <gloss>press figure</gloss>
  <desc>for press figures. These are usually numbers, but are not sequential or regularly
     printed like signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="sig">
  <gloss>signature</gloss>
  <desc>for printed signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="unknown">
  <desc>for a metawork whose function you do not know.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="vol">
  <gloss>volume number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed volume numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="other">
  <desc>anything not covered by the above values.</desc>
  <remarks>
   <p>Used for an ornament, decorated tool line, or symbol(s) that is not officially a
       delimiter (and thus there is no element on which to put <val>pre()</val> or
   <val>post()</val>) but is used to fill space at the bottom of a page so that a
   <gi>floatingText</gi> or similar can start at the top of the next.</p>
  </remarks>
 </valItem>
</valList>

<valList>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>required</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>recommended</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optional</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

<valList>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>exigé</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>Recommandé</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optionnel</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

<valList>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>必要性</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>建議性</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>選擇性</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

24. Using the TEI

24.5.3. Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas

<elementSpec module="core" ident="head">
 <equiv/>
 <gloss>heading</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="fr">en-tête</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="es">encabezamiento</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="it">titolo</gloss>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<attDef ident="full" usage="opt">
 <defaultVal>yes</defaultVal>
 <valList type="closed">
  <valItem ident="yes">
   <desc>the name component is spelled out in full.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="abb">
   <gloss>abbreviated</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is given in an abbreviated form.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="init">
   <gloss>initial letter</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is indicated only by one initial.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

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C Elements

<term>

<term> (term) contains a single-word, multi-word, or symbolic designation which is regarded as a technical term. [3.4.1. Terms and Glosses]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cReferencing

@cRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.emphLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi index item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote keywords language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

When this element appears within an index element, it is understood to supply the form under which an index entry is to be made for that location. Elsewhere, it is understood simply to indicate that its content is to be regarded as a technical or specialised term. It may be associated with a gloss element by means of its ref attribute; alternatively a gloss element may point to a term element by means of its target attribute.

In formal terminological work, there is frequently discussion over whether terms must be atomic or may include multi-word lexical items, symbolic designations, or phraseological units. The term element may be used to mark any of these. No position is taken on the philosophical issue of what a term can be; the looser definition simply allows the term element to be used by practitioners of any persuasion.

As with other members of the att.canonical class, instances of this element occuring in a text may be associated with a canonical definition, either by means of a URI (using the ref attribute), or by means of some system-specific code value (using the key attribute). Because the mutually exclusive target and cRef attributes overlap with the function of the ref attribute, they are deprecated and may be removed at a subsequent release.

Example

A computational device that infers structure
from grammatical strings of words is known as a <term>parser</term>, and much of the history
of NLP over the last 20 years has been occupied with the design of parsers.

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

We may define <term xml:id="TDPV1" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> as
<gloss target="#TDPV1">the relationship, expressed
through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the
fiction.</gloss>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

We may define <term ref="#TDPV2" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> as
<gloss xml:id="TDPV2">the relationship, expressed
through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the
fiction.</gloss>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

We discuss Leech's concept of <term ref="myGlossary.xml#TDPV2" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> below.

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element term
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cReferencing.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <term> (term)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <term> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <term> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<p xml:lang="en">The
constitution declares <q>that no bill of attainder or <term xml:lang="la">ex post
     facto</term> law shall be passed.</q> ...</p>

att.datcat

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  <taxonomy xml:id="UD-SYN"
   datcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/index.html">
   <desc>
    <term>UD syntactic relations</term>
   </desc>
   <category xml:id="acl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl</term>: Clausal modifier of noun (adjectival clause)</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="acl_relcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl-relcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl:relcl</term>: relative clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="advcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/advcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>advcl</term>: Adverbial clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
<!-- ... -->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.datcat

<!-- in the dictionary header --><encodingDesc>
 <classDecl>
  <taxonomy xml:id="domains">
<!--...-->
   <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences">
    <catDesc xml:lang="en">Medical and Health Sciences</catDesc>
    <catDesc xml:lang="pt">Ciências Médicas e da Saúde</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine"
     valueDatcat="https://vocabs.rossio.fcsh.unl.pt/pub/morais_domains/pt/page/0025">
     <catDesc xml:lang="en">
      <term>Medicine</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
     <catDesc xml:lang="pt">
      <term>Medicina</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
<!--...-->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
<!-- inside an <entry> element: -->
<usg type="domain"
 valueDatcat="#domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine">Med.</usg>

att.sortable

David's other principal backer, Josiah
ha-Kohen <index indexName="NAMES">
 <term sortKey="Azarya_Josiah_Kohen">Josiah ha-Kohen b. Azarya</term>
</index> b. Azarya, son of one of the last gaons of Sura was David's own first
cousin.

att.sortable

Je me suis
procuré une <term>clef anglaise</term> pour dévisser les écrous qui attachent le canot à
la coque du Nautilus. Ainsi tout est prêt.

2. The TEI Header

<tagUsage>

<tagsDecl>
 <rendition xml:id="fr_it">A noter l'emploi d'une variante penchée ou italique dans la fonte
   actuelle.</rendition>
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="abbr"> Les abréviations étant très courantes et de type
  <term>brevigraph</term> (voir le manuel TEI), l'attribut "type" a cette valeur par
     défaut. Dans les autres cas, ("Sénécial" abrégé par "Sénat") , l'attribut "type " a
     explicitement la valeur "contraction" et l'attribut "expan" contient la forme
     développée.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="lb">Chaque ligne est numérotée depuis le début du corps de la lettre (sauf
     le titre).</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="lb">Chaque page est numérotée sous la forme d'un numéro de folio suivi de
     "recto" ou "verso". Dans certains cas, le foliotage réel n'est pas celui qui est
     indiqué sur le registre. Dans ce cas, les deux numérotations sont gardées.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="unclear">Mots difficiles à lire</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="opener">Phrase(s) d'introduction de la lettre.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="signed">Signature du copiste.</tagUsage>
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="LCSH">
  <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#LCSH">
  <term>Political science</term>
  <term>United States -- Politics and government --
     Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="RAMEAU">
  <bibl>Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié
     (RAMEAU) de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. <ptr target="http://rameau.bnf.fr/"/>
  </bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#RAMEAU">
  <term>Bien et mal -- Enseignement coranique</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="http://classificationweb.net">
 <term>Babbage, Charles</term>
 <term>Mathematicians - Great Britain - Biography</term>
</keywords>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/about.html#lcsh">
 <term>English literature -- History and criticism -- Data processing.</term>
 <term>English literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.</term>
 <term>English language -- Style -- Data processing.</term>
 <term>Style, Literary -- Data processing.</term>
</keywords>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="#welch">
 <term>ceremonials</term>
 <term>fairs</term>
 <term>street life</term>
</keywords>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="welch">
 <bibl>
  <title>Notes on London Municipal Literature, and a Suggested
     Scheme for Its Classification</title>
  <author>Charles Welch</author>
  <edition>1895</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

<keywords>

<keywords scheme="http://classificationweb.net">
 <term>Babbage, Charles</term>
 <term>Mathematicians - Great Britain - Biography</term>
</keywords>

<keywords>

<keywords>
 <term>Fermented beverages</term>
 <term>Central Andes</term>
 <term>Schinus molle</term>
 <term>Molle beer</term>
 <term>Indigenous peoples</term>
 <term>Ethnography</term>
 <term>Archaeology</term>
</keywords>

<keywords>

<keywords scheme="#fr_RAMEAU">
 <term>Littérature française -- 20ème siècle -- Histoire et critique</term>
 <term>Littérature française -- Histoire et critique -- Théorie, etc.</term>
 <term>Français (langue) -- Style -- Bases de données.</term>
</keywords>

<keywords>

<keywords scheme="http://classificationweb.net">
 <term>李白</term>
 <term>詩人 - 唐代 - 傳記</term>
</keywords>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.2.1. Foreign Words or Expressions

A <term xml:lang="fr">croissant</term> is a crescent-shaped
piece of light, buttery, pastry that is usually eaten for
breakfast, especially in France.

3.4.1. Terms and Glosses

We may define <term xml:id="TDPv" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term>
as
<gloss target="#TDPv">the relationship, expressed through discourse
structure, between the implied author or some other addresser,
and the fiction.</gloss>

3.4.1. Terms and Glosses

<gloss rend="unmarked" target="#PRSR">A computational device that infers
structure from grammatical strings of words</gloss> is known as a
<term xml:id="PRSR">parser</term>, and much of the history of NLP over the
last 20 years has been occupied with the design of parsers.

3.4.1. Terms and Glosses

We discuss Leech's concept of <term ref="#TDPV2" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> below.

<gloss>

We may define <term xml:id="tdpv" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> as
<gloss target="#tdpv">the relationship, expressed
through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the
fiction.</gloss>

<gloss>

Les<term> embrayeurs</term> sont
<gloss>une classe de mots dont le sens varie avec la situation; ces
mots, n'ayant pas de référence propre dans la langue, ne reçoivent un référent que
lorsqu'ils sont inclus dans un message.</gloss>

<gloss>

我們可以定義 <term xml:id="zh-tw_tdpv" rend="sc">戀母情結</term> 為
<gloss target="#zh-tw_tdpv">佛洛伊德心理分析理論中的重要觀念，指三至六歲大的男孩在性慾上有一種戀母情結的階段，這情結更進一步發展成對父親的忌妒仇視，甚至亟欲除之而後快。</gloss>

<term>

A computational device that infers structure
from grammatical strings of words is known as a <term>parser</term>, and much of the history
of NLP over the last 20 years has been occupied with the design of parsers.

<term>

<p>SGANARELLE.</p>
<p>Qui est causée par l'âcreté des <term>humeurs</term> engendrées dans la concavité du
<term>diaphragme</term>, il arrive que ces <term>vapeurs</term>... Ossabandus, nequeys,
nequer, potarinum, quipsa milus. Voilà justement ce qui fait que votre fille est muette.</p>

<term>

D'après la
théorie d'Austin, les<term> verbes performatifs</term> seraient ceux qui non seulement
décrivent l'action de celui qui les utilise, mais aussi, et en même temps, qui impliqueraient
cette action elle-même.

<term>

蜀漢後主<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term sortKey="LIU_CHAN">劉禪</term>
</index> ，初名斗，字升之，後改名禪，字<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term sortKey="LIU_CHAN">公嗣</term>
</index>，蜀漢昭烈帝劉備之子，蜀漢末代皇帝，也是漢朝末代皇帝。

<term>

在可攜式的裝置如數位相機、手持式電腦，及MP3播放機上，<term>快閃記憶體(Flash
Memory)</term>可以說是最普遍的儲存類型。

<term>

賣空的對稱，<term xml:id="zh-tw_TMK" rend="sc">買空</term>亦稱
<gloss target="#zh-tw_TMK">多頭交易，是指交易者利用借入資金，在市場上買入期貨，以期將來價格上漲時，再高價拋出，從中獲利的投票活動。</gloss>

<term>

We may define <term xml:id="TDPV1" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> as
<gloss target="#TDPV1">the relationship, expressed
through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the
fiction.</gloss>

<term>

We may define <term ref="#TDPV2" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> as
<gloss xml:id="TDPV2">the relationship, expressed
through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the
fiction.</gloss>

<term>

We discuss Leech's concept of <term ref="myGlossary.xml#TDPV2" rend="sc">discoursal point of view</term> below.

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name type="place">Montaillou</name> is not a large parish.
At the time of the events which led to
<name type="person">Fournier<index>
   <term>Benedict XII, Pope of Avignon (Jacques Fournier)</term>
  </index>
 </name>'s
investigations, the local population consisted of between 200 and 250 inhabitants.
</p>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

Similar forms, often called
<term rend="ldquo rdquo">rewriting systems</term>, have a long history
among mathematicians, but the specific form of <ptr target="#fig22"/>
was first studied extensively by Chomsky <ptr type="bibliog" target="#chom59"/>.

<!-- ... -->
<figure xml:id="fig22">
 <graphic url="fig22.jpg"/>
</figure>
<!-- elsewhere, in the bibliography -->
<bibl xml:id="chom59">
<!-- citation for the book referenced above -->
</bibl>

<ref>

See also <ref target="#locution">s.v. <term>locution</term>
</ref>.

<ref>

<ref target="http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/Texts/A02.xml#s2"> 關於第二行，</ref> 請參考 <ref>下列
<term>慣用語</term>
</ref>.

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>bitter, harsh</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>field</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>hear, listen (to)</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>war</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>good</gloss>
 </item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="zh">
 <head xml:lang="zh">字彙</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="zh-CN">簡體中文</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="zh-TW">繁體中文</headItem>
 <label>尘</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">塵</item>
 <label>业</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">業</item>
 <label>处</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">處</item>
 <label>个</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">個</item>
 <label>与</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">與</item>
 <label>军队</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">軍隊</item>
 <label>疏远</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">疏遠</item>
 <label>后汉</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">後漢<cit>
   <ref>出師表</ref>
   <quote>亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是<term>后汉</term>所以倾覆衰败的原因</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>叹息</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">嘆息</item>
 <label>认为</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">認為</item>
 <label>诚实</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">誠實</item>
 <label>获得</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">獲得</item>
</list>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>The students understand procedures for Arabic lemmatisation
<index>
  <term>Lemmatization, Arabic</term>
 </index>and are beginning to build parsers.</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>We now turn to the
topic of Arabic lemmatisation
<index spanTo="#ALAMEND">
  <term>Lemmatization, Arabic</term>
 </index> concerning which it is important to note [...]

<!-- much learned material omitted here -->
and now we can build our parser.<anchor xml:id="ALAMEND"/>
</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>The @ operator
<index>
  <term sortKey="0000">@</term>
 </index> precedes an
attribute name</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<char xml:id="PrinceGlyph">
<!-- definition of the glyph here -->
</char>
<p>The Artist formerly known as Prince <index>
  <term sortKey="Prince">
   <g ref="#PrinceGlyph"/>
  </term>
 </index>...</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>Sir John Ashford
<index indexName="INDEX-PERSONS">
  <term>Ashford, John</term>
 </index> was,
coincidentally, born in
<index indexName="INDEX-PLACES">
  <term>Ashford
     (Kent)</term>
 </index>Ashford...</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>The students understand procedures for Arabic lemmatisation
<index>
  <term>lemmatization</term>
  <index>
   <term>arabic</term>
  </index>
 </index>
...</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<index>
 <term>Women</term>
 <index>
  <term>how cause of mel.</term>
 </index>
</index>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<index>
 <term>Women</term>
 <index>
  <term>their vices</term>
 </index>
</index>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<index>
 <term>Women</term>
 <index>
  <term>their vices</term>
  <index>
   <term>commended</term>
  </index>
 </index>
</index>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH-1">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH-1">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

<index>

David's other principal backer, Josiah ha-Kohen
<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>Josiah ha-Kohen b. Azarya</term>
</index> b. Azarya, son of one of the last gaons of Sura <index indexName="PLACES">
 <term>Sura</term>
</index> was David's own first cousin.

<index>

Ils [les
onagres] me venaient de mon grand-père maternel, l'empereur Saharil, fils d'Iakhschab, fils d'Iaarab, fils de Kastan <index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>Saharil</term>
</index>
<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>Iaarab</term>
</index>
<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>Kastan</term>
</index>

<index>

道家思想的主要代表家為老子。 <index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>老子</term>
</index>姓李名耳，字伯陽，有人說又稱老聃。在傳說中，老子一生下來時，就具有白色的眉毛及鬍子，所以被後來稱為老子。相傳生活在春秋時期。<index indexName="eras">
 <term>春秋時期</term>
</index> 著有《道德經》，是中國古代著名思想家。

4. Default Text Structure

<div4>

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
 <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect I. — Dyet rectified in substance.</head>
  <p>Diet, <term xml:lang="grc">diaitotiku</term>, <term xml:lang="la">victus</term> or
     living </p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect II. — Dyet rectified in quantity.</head>
  <p>Man alone, saith Cardan, eates and drinks without appetite, and useth all his pleasures
     without necessity </p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div4>

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
 <head>Sect. II. Subsect. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="alinéa">
  <head>Alinéa I. <term>Horlogerie</term>Lame de ressort.</head>
  <p> Bande d'acier enroulée formant le ressort d'une montre, d'une pendule. (Dict. XIXe
     et XXe s.).</p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.2" type="alinéa">
  <head>Alinéa II. — <term>Menuiserie</term>Lame de parquet</head>
  <p>Lame de parquet. Chacune des bandes de bois qui, emboîtées, constituent le
     parquet</p>
 </div4>
</div3>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<div1 type="book" n="I" xml:id="JA0100">
 <head>Book I.</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0101">
  <head>Of writing lives in general, and particularly of Pamela, with a word
     by the bye of Colley Cibber and others.</head>
  <p>It is a trite but true observation, that examples work more forcibly on
     the mind than precepts: ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 1 here -->
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0102">
  <head>Of Mr. Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great
     endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors.</head>
  <p>Mr. Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to
     be the only son of Gaffar and Gammar Andrews, and brother to the
     illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 2 here -->
 </div2>
<!-- remaining chapters of Book 1 here -->
 <trailer>The end of the first Book</trailer>
</div1>
<div1 type="book" n="II" xml:id="JA0200">
 <head>Book II</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0201">
  <head>Of divisions in authors</head>
  <p>There are certain mysteries or secrets in all trades, from the highest
     to the lowest, from that of <term>prime-ministering</term>, to this of
  <term>authoring</term>, which are seldom discovered unless to members of
     the same calling ... </p>
  <p>I will dismiss this chapter with the following observation: that it
     becomes an author generally to divide a book, as it does a butcher to
     joint his meat, for such assistance is of great help to both the reader
     and the carver. And now having indulged myself a little I will endeavour
     to indulge the curiosity of my reader, who is no doubt impatient to know
     what he will find in the subsequent chapters of this book.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0202">
  <head>A surprising instance of Mr. Adams's short memory, with the
     unfortunate consequences which it brought on Joseph.
  </head>
  <p>Mr. Adams and Joseph were now ready to depart different ways ... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.6. Writing Modes

<s xml:lang="en">The Arabic term
<term xml:lang="ar">قلم رصاص</term> means "pencil".</s>

5.7.5. Mixed Horizontal Directionality

<s xml:lang="en" style="direction: ltr">The Arabic term
<term xml:lang="ar"
  style="direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed">قلم رصاص</term> means "pencil".</s>

10. Dictionaries

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<material>

<p>
 <index indexName="typo_decor">
  <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
 </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé
</p>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc>
 <p>Written in a <term>late Caroline minuscule</term>; versals in a form of
 <term>rustic capitals</term>; although the marginal and interlinear gloss is
   written in varying shades of ink that are not those of the main text, text and
   gloss appear to have been copied during approximately the same time span.</p>
</handDesc>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniatures">
  <p>Fourteen large miniatures with arched tops, above five lines of text: <list>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 14r</locus>Pericopes. <term>St. John writing on Patmos</term>,
         with the Eagle holding his ink-pot and pen-case; some flaking of pigment,
         especially in the sky</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 26r</locus>Hours of the Virgin, Matins.
    <term>Annunciation</term>; Gabriel and the Dove to the right</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 60r</locus>Prime. <term>Nativity</term>; the <term>Virgin and
           Joseph adoring the Child</term>
    </item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 66r</locus>Terce. <term>Annunciation to the Shepherds</term>,
         one with <term>bagpipes</term>
    </item>
<!-- ... -->
   </list>
  </p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc>
 <handNote scope="major">Written throughout in <term>angelicana formata</term>.</handNote>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc>
 <handNote scope="major">Written throughout in <term>angelicana formata</term>.</handNote>
</handDesc>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>Même, si l'on voulait démontrer que les livres de chants ont été
<term>neumés</term> dés le IXe siècle, il ne faudrait pas oublier que des livres de chants
sans <term>neumes</term> ont été écrits jusqu'au Xe siècle. </musicNotation>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>St. Gall式的<term>campo aperto</term>記譜法。</musicNotation>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>Neumes in <term>campo aperto</term> of the St. Gall type.
</musicNotation>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Décor mosaïqué, avec formes géométriques à répétition</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> citron</p>
  <decoNote type="plats">à décor mosaïqué dit à répétition, dont l’effet de dallage est
     obtenu par des pièces polylobées de maroquin noir, ornée chacune d’une composition de
     petits fers plein or, cantonnées de petits disques de maroquin rouge ponctué chacun
     d’un cercle plein or, le tout serti de filets dorés courbes.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 5 nerfs à décor analogue (pièce polylobée de maroquin noir
     avec composition identique, cantonnée de quatre disques rouges, ponctués du même
     cercle plein or) ; filets dorés sur les nerfs ; pièce de titre rouge dans le 2e
     caisson, soulignée de deux lignes de points dorés identiques à celle portée en tête et
     queue du dos, sur une bande de maroquin noir.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples droites, tricolores (noir, bleu et
     rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes dorées, proposant en alternance un filet simple et une
     succession de traits obliques.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes">Signet de soie rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées sur marbrure à motif caillouté, dans les tons
     bleu et rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées d’une roulette à motif de zigzag.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier plein or et gardes blanches (1 + 1), sans
     filigrane.<watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition/>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>
  <index indexName="typo_reliure">
   <term>Reliure à la grecque, sur ais</term>
  </index>
  <index indexName="typo_decor">
   <term>Décor de rinceaux</term>
  </index> Reliure à la grecque en <material>maroquin</material> orange</p>
 <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes de Henri II dorées sur une pièce de maroquin olive
   découpée à la forme exacte des armes (104 mm), mosaïquée dans un rectangle central aux
   angles orné d'un léger motif de rinceaux peints en noir, le tout encadré d'une large
   bordure mosaïquée de maroquin rouge, à plein décor de rinceaux dorés (incluant un
   croissant dans les angles) dessinés en réserve sur un fond pointillé doré.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Au plat supérieur, titre <q>i • schonerii • opera •</q> doré
   au-dessus du bloc armorial.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos long à décor analogue avec pièces losangées de maroquin rouge et
   brun mosaïquées, respectivement au centre et aux deux extrémités du dos, ornées d'un
   décor de rinceaux doré en réserve sur un fond doré pointillé, avec fer azuré au chapeau
   à chaque extrémité ; chaque pièce de maroquin est redessinée par un encadrement argenté,
   lui-même complété de rinceaux sur les côtés et relevé par des traits tracés de plume à
   effet de rayures.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles doubles bicolores : points droits sur chevrons,
   bleus et jaunes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Chants des ais rainurés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes">Traces de petits boulons aux angles du rectangle intérieur ;
   traces des quatre lanières tressées d'origine sur les deux plats ; pas de traces de
   sabots.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées, ciselées et peintes (teinte rosée), à décor de
   rinceaux incluant des éléments de l'héraldique royale : triple croissant en tête, grand
   H couronné associé à un croissant en gouttière, chiffre HH en queue.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Absence de chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure"/>
 <condition/>
</binding>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Compartiments espacés</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> rouge sombre</p>
  <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes du chancelier Pierre Séguier, à décor de compartiments
     complétés de fers filigranés, parmi lesquels un fer à la petite tête (type B).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 6 nerfs, à décor filigrané analogue ; palette ornée sur les
     nerfs et en tête et queue du dos ; titrage dans le 2e caisson.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles à chapiteau tricolore (bleu, blanc et rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes ornées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes"/>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats">Contregardes en papier marbré à petit peigne, dans les tons
     bleu, blanc, jaune, rouge et blanc.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">
   <watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition>Quelques taches sombres
<!--surla --> sur le plat supérieur et larges
     éraflures du cuir au plat inférieur. Restauration en queue du mors inférieur (bande de
     cuir).</condition>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<ruby>

<ruby> (ruby container) contains a passage of base text along with its associated ruby gloss(es). [3.4.2. Ruby Annotations]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.phrase

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: rb rt

Example

The word 入学試験 nyūgakushiken (university entrance exam) is glossed with a hiragana phonation guide.

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>入学試験</rb>
  <rt place="above">にゅうがくしけん</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

This fictional example shows the initialism TEI glossed letter-by-letter with an IPA transcription.

<ruby>
 <rb>T</rb>
 <rt>ti:</rt>
</ruby>
<ruby>
 <rb>E</rb>
 <rt>i:</rt>
</ruby>
<ruby>
 <rb>I</rb>
 <rt>aɪ</rt>
</ruby>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="rb" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="1"/>
  <elementRef key="rt" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element ruby
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( rb, rt+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <ruby> (ruby container)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <ruby> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <ruby> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大学</rb>
  <rt place="above">だいがく</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大</rb>
  <rt place="above">だい</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>学</rb>
  <rt place="above">がく</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="zh-TW">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>瓶</rb>
  <rt place="right">ㄆㄧㄥˊ</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>子</rb>
  <rt place="right">˙ㄗ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <ruby>
    <rb>打</rb>
    <rt place="right">ダ</rt>
   </ruby>
   <ruby>
    <rb>球</rb>
    <rt place="right">キウ</rt>
   </ruby>
     場
  </rb>
  <rt place="left">ビリヤード</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <anchor xml:id="da"/>打
  <anchor xml:id="kyuu"/>球
  <anchor xml:id="ba"/>場
  <anchor xml:id="owari"/>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" from="#da" to="#owari">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#da" to="#kyuu">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#kyuu" to="#ba">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb xml:id="dakyuuba">
   <c xml:id="chr1">打</c>
   <c xml:id="chr2">球</c>
   <c>場</c>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" target="#dakyuuba">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr1">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr2">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>ㄅ</rb>
  <rt place="right">B</rt>
  <rt place="right">博</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <ruby>
    <rb>ㄅ</rb>
    <rt place="right">B</rt>
   </ruby>
  </rb>
  <rt place="right">博</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>蘝蔓</rb>
  <rt hand="#MoriOhgai" style="color: red;">ヤブカラシ</rt>
 </ruby>
于野

<!--...-->
</p>

<ruby>

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>入学試験</rb>
  <rt place="above">にゅうがくしけん</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

<ruby>

<ruby>
 <rb>T</rb>
 <rt>ti:</rt>
</ruby>
<ruby>
 <rb>E</rb>
 <rt>i:</rt>
</ruby>
<ruby>
 <rb>I</rb>
 <rt>aɪ</rt>
</ruby>

<rb>

<p xml:lang="zh">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>你</rb>
  <rt place="above">nǐ</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>好</rb>
  <rt place="above">hǎo</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

<rt>

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大</rb>
  <rt place="right">だい</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>統</rb>
  <rt place="right">とう</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>領</rb>
  <rt place="right">りょう</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<rb>

<rb> (ruby base) contains the base text annotated by a ruby gloss. [3.4.2. Ruby Annotations]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

core: ruby

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

The word 你 好 nǐ hǎo (hello) is glossed in pinyin to provide a pronunciation guide.

<p xml:lang="zh">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>你</rb>
  <rt place="above">nǐ</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>好</rb>
  <rt place="above">hǎo</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element rb
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <rb> (ruby base)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <rb> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <rb> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大学</rb>
  <rt place="above">だいがく</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大</rb>
  <rt place="above">だい</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>学</rb>
  <rt place="above">がく</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="zh-TW">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>瓶</rb>
  <rt place="right">ㄆㄧㄥˊ</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>子</rb>
  <rt place="right">˙ㄗ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <ruby>
    <rb>打</rb>
    <rt place="right">ダ</rt>
   </ruby>
   <ruby>
    <rb>球</rb>
    <rt place="right">キウ</rt>
   </ruby>
     場
  </rb>
  <rt place="left">ビリヤード</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <anchor xml:id="da"/>打
  <anchor xml:id="kyuu"/>球
  <anchor xml:id="ba"/>場
  <anchor xml:id="owari"/>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" from="#da" to="#owari">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#da" to="#kyuu">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#kyuu" to="#ba">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb xml:id="dakyuuba">
   <c xml:id="chr1">打</c>
   <c xml:id="chr2">球</c>
   <c>場</c>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" target="#dakyuuba">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr1">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr2">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>ㄅ</rb>
  <rt place="right">B</rt>
  <rt place="right">博</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <ruby>
    <rb>ㄅ</rb>
    <rt place="right">B</rt>
   </ruby>
  </rb>
  <rt place="right">博</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>蘝蔓</rb>
  <rt hand="#MoriOhgai" style="color: red;">ヤブカラシ</rt>
 </ruby>
于野

<!--...-->
</p>

<ruby>

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>入学試験</rb>
  <rt place="above">にゅうがくしけん</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

<ruby>

<ruby>
 <rb>T</rb>
 <rt>ti:</rt>
</ruby>
<ruby>
 <rb>E</rb>
 <rt>i:</rt>
</ruby>
<ruby>
 <rb>I</rb>
 <rt>aɪ</rt>
</ruby>

<rb>

<p xml:lang="zh">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>你</rb>
  <rt place="above">nǐ</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>好</rb>
  <rt place="above">hǎo</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

<rt>

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大</rb>
  <rt place="right">だい</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>統</rb>
  <rt place="right">とう</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>領</rb>
  <rt place="right">りょう</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<rt>

<rt> (ruby text) contains a ruby text, an annotation closely associated with a passage of the main text. [3.4.2. Ruby Annotations]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

att.typed

@type

@subtype

target target⚓︎
supplies a pointer to the base being glossed by this ruby text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Schematron
Enforce that either target or both from and to (or none) are used, but not target in combination with either from or to.

<sch:rule context="tei:rt/@target">
<sch:report test="../@from | ../@to">When target= is present, neither from= nor to= should be.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Note

Should point to a single rb or an element that is inside an rb. To refer to multiple elements or text nodes at once use from and to.

from from⚓︎
points to the starting point of the span of text being glossed by this ruby text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Schematron
Enforce the presence of to iff there is a from.

<sch:rule context="tei:rt/@from">
<sch:assert test="../@to">When from= is present, the to= attribute of <sch:name/> is required.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

to to⚓︎
points to the ending point of the span of text being glossed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Schematron
Enforce the presence of from iff there is a to.

<sch:rule context="tei:rt/@to">
<sch:assert test="../@from">When to= is present, the from= attribute of <sch:name/> is required.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Contained by

core: ruby

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Where the place attribute is not provided on the rt element, the default assumption is that the ruby gloss is above where the text is horizontal, and to the right of the text where it is vertical.

Example

The word 大統領 daitōryō (president) is glossed character by character in hiragana to provide a pronunciation guide.

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大</rb>
  <rt place="right">だい</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>統</rb>
  <rt place="right">とう</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>領</rb>
  <rt place="right">りょう</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element rt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute target { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute from { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute to { teidata.pointer }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <rt> (ruby text)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <rt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <rt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大学</rb>
  <rt place="above">だいがく</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大</rb>
  <rt place="above">だい</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>学</rb>
  <rt place="above">がく</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p xml:lang="zh-TW">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>瓶</rb>
  <rt place="right">ㄆㄧㄥˊ</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>子</rb>
  <rt place="right">˙ㄗ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <ruby>
    <rb>打</rb>
    <rt place="right">ダ</rt>
   </ruby>
   <ruby>
    <rb>球</rb>
    <rt place="right">キウ</rt>
   </ruby>
     場
  </rb>
  <rt place="left">ビリヤード</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <anchor xml:id="da"/>打
  <anchor xml:id="kyuu"/>球
  <anchor xml:id="ba"/>場
  <anchor xml:id="owari"/>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" from="#da" to="#owari">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#da" to="#kyuu">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#kyuu" to="#ba">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb xml:id="dakyuuba">
   <c xml:id="chr1">打</c>
   <c xml:id="chr2">球</c>
   <c>場</c>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" target="#dakyuuba">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr1">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr2">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>ㄅ</rb>
  <rt place="right">B</rt>
  <rt place="right">博</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <ruby>
    <rb>ㄅ</rb>
    <rt place="right">B</rt>
   </ruby>
  </rb>
  <rt place="right">博</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>蘝蔓</rb>
  <rt hand="#MoriOhgai" style="color: red;">ヤブカラシ</rt>
 </ruby>
于野

<!--...-->
</p>

<ruby>

<p xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>入学試験</rb>
  <rt place="above">にゅうがくしけん</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

<ruby>

<ruby>
 <rb>T</rb>
 <rt>ti:</rt>
</ruby>
<ruby>
 <rb>E</rb>
 <rt>i:</rt>
</ruby>
<ruby>
 <rb>I</rb>
 <rt>aɪ</rt>
</ruby>

<rb>

<p xml:lang="zh">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>你</rb>
  <rt place="above">nǐ</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>好</rb>
  <rt place="above">hǎo</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

<rt>

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>大</rb>
  <rt place="right">だい</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>統</rb>
  <rt place="right">とう</rt>
 </ruby>
 <ruby>
  <rb>領</rb>
  <rt place="right">りょう</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<sic>

<sic> (Latin for thus or so) contains text reproduced although apparently incorrect or inaccurate. [3.5.1. Apparent Errors]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.choicePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

for his nose was as sharp as
a pen, and <sic>a Table</sic> of green fields.

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

If all that is desired is to call attention to the apparent problem in the copy text, sic may be used alone:

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now
— how <sic>we can</sic> prove or disprove anyone's theories?

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

It is also possible, using the choice and corr elements, to provide a corrected reading:

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now
— how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or disprove anyone's theories?

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

for his nose was as sharp as
a pen, and <choice>
 <sic>a Table</sic>
 <corr>a' babbld</corr>
</choice> of green fields.

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element sic
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <sic> (Latin for thus or so)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <sic> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <sic> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

Blessed are the <choice>
 <sic>cheesemakers</sic>
 <corr cert="high">peacemakers</corr>
 <corr cert="low">placemakers</corr>
</choice>:
for they shall be called the children of God.

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENSJ">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENSJ">
 <resp>Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace

<choice>
 <sic>1724</sic>
 <corr>1728</corr>
</choice>

att.global.responsibility

Blessed are the
<choice>
 <sic>cheesemakers</sic>
 <corr resp="#editor" cert="high">peacemakers</corr>
</choice>: for they shall be called the children of God.

att.global.responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENS1_transcriber">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENS1_transcriber">
 <resp when="2014">Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the <sic>date's</sic>
mentioned in the main body of the text are incorrect.

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr>dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr resp="#msm">dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

<!-- within the header for this document ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="msm">
 <resp>editor</resp>
 <name>C.M. Sperberg-McQueen</name>
</respStmt>

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

An <choice>
 <corr cert="high">Autumn</corr>
 <sic>Antony</sic>
</choice> it was,
That grew the more by reaping

<sic>

for his nose was as sharp as
a pen, and <sic>a Table</sic> of green fields.

<sic>

Des nuages, des
<sic>cyrrhus</sic>, des nimbus, des cumulus, tant qu'on en veut, et assurément plus que
n'en voulaient le maître et le serviteur.

<sic>

Tel est le
chat Rutterkin des sorcières Margaret et Filippa Flower, qui furent
<sic>prûlées</sic>brûlées à Lincoln, le 11 mars 1619, pour avoir envoûté un parent du comte
de Rutland.

<sic>

Tel est le
chat Rutterkin des sorcières Margaret et Filippa Flower, qui furent<choice>
 <sic>prûlées</sic>
 <corr>brûlées</corr>
</choice> à Lincoln, le 11 mars 1619, pour avoir envoûté un parent du comte de
Rutland.

<sic>

Ouvrage très
véridique et mirifique du Sieur Marcus Publius Dataficus du digne fils du seigneur comte,
vicomte, duc et archiduc Johannus de Bessinguya<choice>
 <sic> Percepteur</sic>
 <corr>Precepteur</corr>
</choice> du digne fils du seigneur comte, vicomte, duc et archiduc Johannus de
Bessinguya.

<sic>

賣饅頭的老頭，背著木箱子，裡邊裝著熱<sic>鰻魚</sic>，太陽一出來，就在街上叫喚。

<sic>

人們走起路來是快的，嘴裡邊的呼吸，一遇到了<sic>嚴肅</sic>好像冒著煙似的。

<sic>

人們走起路來是快的，嘴裡邊的呼吸，一遇到了<choice>
 <sic>嚴肅</sic>
 <corr>嚴寒</corr>
</choice> 好像冒著煙似的。

<sic>

賣饅頭的老頭，背著木箱子，裡邊裝著熱<choice>
 <sic>鰻魚</sic>
 <corr>饅頭</corr>
</choice>，太陽一出來，就在街上叫喚。

<sic>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now
— how <sic>we can</sic> prove or disprove anyone's theories?

<sic>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now
— how <sic>we can</sic> prove or disprove anyone's theories?

<sic>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now
— how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or disprove anyone's theories?

<sic>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now
— how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or disprove anyone's theories?

<sic>

for his nose was as sharp as
a pen, and <choice>
 <sic>a Table</sic>
 <corr>a' babbld</corr>
</choice> of green fields.

<corr>

Tel est le
chat Rutterkin des sorcières Margaret et Filippa Flower, qui furent<choice>
 <sic>prûlées</sic>
 <corr>brûlées</corr>
</choice> à Lincoln, le 11 mars 1619, pour avoir envoûté un parent du comte de
Rutland.

<corr>

不怨天，不尤人。下學而上達。<choice>
 <sic>我知</sic>
 <corr>知我</corr>
</choice>者，其天乎！

<corr>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now —
how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or
disprove anyone's theories?

<corr>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now —
how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or
disprove anyone's theories?

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>清朝與日本為爭奪北韓半島控制權，爆發歷史上著名的甲午戰爭。 發生於清光緒二十年，西元 <choice>
  <sic>1892</sic>
  <corr>1894</corr>
 </choice>年，雙方水陸大戰，傷亡者<choice>
  <orig>衆</orig>
  <reg>眾</reg>
 </choice>。</p>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.5. Speech Management

<choice>
 <corr>SCSI</corr>
 <sic>skuzzy</sic>
</choice>

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Spaces for initials and chapter headings were left by the scribe but not
   filled in. A later, probably fifteenth-century, hand has added initials and
   chapter headings in greenish-coloured ink on fols <locus>8r</locus>,
 <locus>8v</locus>, <locus>9r</locus>, <locus>10r</locus> and <locus>11r</locus>.
   Although a few of these chapter headings are now rather difficult to read, most
   can be made out, e.g. fol. <locus>8rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">floti ast<ex>ri</ex>d<ex>ar</ex>
  </quote>; fol.
 <locus>9rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">v<ex>m</ex> olaf conung</quote>, and fol.
 <locus>10ra</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">Gipti<ex>n</ex>g ol<ex>a</ex>fs
     k<ex>onun</ex>gs</quote>.</p>
 <p>The manuscript contains the following marginalia: <list>
   <item>Fol. <locus>4v</locus>, left margin: <quote xml:lang="is">hialmadr
    <ex>ok</ex>
     <lb/>brynjadr</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, imitating an addition made
       to the text by the scribe at this point.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>5r</locus>, lower margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þ<ex>e</ex>tta
         þiki m<ex>er</ex> v<ex>er</ex>a gott blek en<ex>n</ex>da kan<ex>n</ex> ek icki
         betr sia</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, probably the same as that on the
       previous page.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>9v</locus>, bottom margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þessa bok
         uilda eg <sic>gæt</sic> lært med
    <lb/>an Gud gefe myer Gott ad
    <lb/>læra</quote>; seventeenth-century hand.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
 <p>There are in addition a number of illegible scribbles in a later hand (or
   hands) on fols <locus>2r</locus>, <locus>3r</locus>, <locus>5v</locus> and
 <locus>19r</locus>.</p>
</additions>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

For alle the while that I had
<choice>
 <sic>goo<abbr>ɗ</abbr>
 </sic>
 <expan resp="#mp" cert="high">good<ex>e</ex>
 </expan>
</choice> I was
welbeloued

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

But <sic>One</sic> must have lived
...

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

But
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr>one</corr>
</choice> must have lived
...

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

Nos autem iam
ostendimus quod nutrimentum et
<choice>
 <sic>angues</sic>
 <corr>augens</corr>
</choice>.

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

Telle me also, to what conclusioun Were
membres maad, of generacioun And of so parfit wis a <choice xml:id="corr117">
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr>wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?
<!-- ... -->
<note target="#corr117">This emendation of the Hengwrt copy text, based on a Latin
source and on the reading of three late and usually unauthoritative
manuscripts, was proposed by E. Talbot Donaldson in
<bibl>
  <title>Speculum</title> 40 (1965) 626–33.</bibl>
</note>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<!-- somewhere in the header ... --><name xml:id="ETD">E Talbot Donaldson</name>
<!-- ... --> And of so parfit wis a <choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#ETD" cert="medium">wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

quamuis <choice xml:id="sic-1">
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr>iners</corr>
</choice> que nutu dei gesta
sunt ... unde esset uiriliter
<choice xml:id="sic-2">
 <corr>uegetata</corr>
 <sic>negata</sic>
</choice>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

quamuis <choice>
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr type="graphSubs">iners</corr>
</choice> que nutu dei gesta sunt ... unde
esset uiriliter
<choice>
 <corr type="graphSubs">uegetata</corr>
 <sic>negata</sic>
</choice>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

quamuis <choice>
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr type="graphSubs">iners</corr>
 <corr type="reversal">inres</corr>
</choice> que
nutu dei gesta sunt ...

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

And of so
parfit wis a <choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#mp" source="#Gg">wyf</corr>
</choice> ywroght?

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<sic>dedikararunt</sic>

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<choice>
 <sic>dedikararunt</sic>
 <corr>dedikarunt</corr>
</choice>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<add place="above" resp="#FB" hand="#WJ">But</add>
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr resp="#FB">one</corr>
</choice> must have lived ...
<!-- elsewhere -->
<respStmt xml:id="FB">
 <resp>editorial changes</resp>
 <name>Fredson Bowers</name>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="WJ">
 <resp>authorial changes</resp>
 <name>William James</name>
</respStmt>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#ETD" cert="medium">wright</corr>
</choice>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<choice>
 <corr xml:id="c117">wright</corr>
 <sic>wight</sic>
</choice>
<certainty target="#c117" locus="value"
 degree="0.7"/>
<respons target="#c117" locus="value"
 resp="#ETD"/>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<corr>

<corr> (correction) contains the correct form of a passage apparently erroneous in the copy text. [3.5.1. Apparent Errors]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.choicePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

If all that is desired is to call attention to the fact that the copy text has been corrected, corr may be used alone:

I don't know,
Juan. It's so far in the past now — how <corr>can we</corr> prove
or disprove anyone's theories?

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

It is also possible, using the choice and sic elements, to provide an uncorrected reading:

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now —
how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or
disprove anyone's theories?

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element corr
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <corr> (correction)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <corr> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <corr> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

12. Representation of Primary Sources

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

Blessed are the <choice>
 <sic>cheesemakers</sic>
 <corr cert="high">peacemakers</corr>
 <corr cert="low">placemakers</corr>
</choice>:
for they shall be called the children of God.

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

... <corr cert="high" resp="#ed1">peacemakers</corr>
<corr cert="low" resp="#ed2">placemakers</corr>...

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENSJ">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENSJ">
 <resp>Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace

<choice>
 <sic>1724</sic>
 <corr>1728</corr>
</choice>

att.global.responsibility

Blessed are the
<choice>
 <sic>cheesemakers</sic>
 <corr resp="#editor" cert="high">peacemakers</corr>
</choice>: for they shall be called the children of God.

att.global.responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENS1_transcriber">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENS1_transcriber">
 <resp when="2014">Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the <corr>dates</corr>
mentioned in the main body of the text are incorrect.

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr>dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr resp="#msm">dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

<!-- within the header for this document ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="msm">
 <resp>editor</resp>
 <name>C.M. Sperberg-McQueen</name>
</respStmt>

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

An <choice>
 <corr cert="high">Autumn</corr>
 <sic>Antony</sic>
</choice> it was,
That grew the more by reaping

<sic>

Tel est le
chat Rutterkin des sorcières Margaret et Filippa Flower, qui furent<choice>
 <sic>prûlées</sic>
 <corr>brûlées</corr>
</choice> à Lincoln, le 11 mars 1619, pour avoir envoûté un parent du comte de
Rutland.

<sic>

Ouvrage très
véridique et mirifique du Sieur Marcus Publius Dataficus du digne fils du seigneur comte,
vicomte, duc et archiduc Johannus de Bessinguya<choice>
 <sic> Percepteur</sic>
 <corr>Precepteur</corr>
</choice> du digne fils du seigneur comte, vicomte, duc et archiduc Johannus de
Bessinguya.

<sic>

人們走起路來是快的，嘴裡邊的呼吸，一遇到了<choice>
 <sic>嚴肅</sic>
 <corr>嚴寒</corr>
</choice> 好像冒著煙似的。

<sic>

賣饅頭的老頭，背著木箱子，裡邊裝著熱<choice>
 <sic>鰻魚</sic>
 <corr>饅頭</corr>
</choice>，太陽一出來，就在街上叫喚。

<sic>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now
— how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or disprove anyone's theories?

<sic>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now
— how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or disprove anyone's theories?

<sic>

for his nose was as sharp as
a pen, and <choice>
 <sic>a Table</sic>
 <corr>a' babbld</corr>
</choice> of green fields.

<corr>

I don't know,
Juan. It's so far in the past now — how <corr>can we</corr> prove
or disprove anyone's theories?

<corr>

I don't know,
Juan. It's so far in the past now — how <corr>can we</corr> prove
or disprove anyone's theories?

<corr>

Tel est le
chat Rutterkin des sorcières Margaret et Filippa Flower, qui
furent <corr>brûlées</corr> à Lincoln, le 11 mars 1619, pour avoir envoûté un parent du comte de
Rutland.

<corr>

Tel est le
chat Rutterkin des sorcières Margaret et Filippa Flower, qui furent<choice>
 <sic>prûlées</sic>
 <corr>brûlées</corr>
</choice> à Lincoln, le 11 mars 1619, pour avoir envoûté un parent du comte de
Rutland.

<corr>

不怨天，不尤人。下學而上達。<corr>知我</corr> 者，其天乎！

<corr>

不怨天，不尤人。下學而上達。<choice>
 <sic>我知</sic>
 <corr>知我</corr>
</choice>者，其天乎！

<corr>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now —
how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or
disprove anyone's theories?

<corr>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now —
how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or
disprove anyone's theories?

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>清朝與日本為爭奪北韓半島控制權，爆發歷史上著名的甲午戰爭。 發生於清光緒二十年，西元 <choice>
  <sic>1892</sic>
  <corr>1894</corr>
 </choice>年，雙方水陸大戰，傷亡者<choice>
  <orig>衆</orig>
  <reg>眾</reg>
 </choice>。</p>

<orig>

<l>Un bienfait perd sa grâce à le trop <choice>
  <orig>oublier</orig>
  <corr>publier</corr>
 </choice> ; </l>
<l>Qui veut qu'on s'en souvienne, il le faut <choice>
  <orig>publier</orig>
  <corr>oublier</corr>
 </choice>.</l>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.5. Speech Management

<choice>
 <corr>SCSI</corr>
 <sic>skuzzy</sic>
</choice>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

But
<corr>one</corr> must have lived ...

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

But
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr>one</corr>
</choice> must have lived
...

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

Nos autem iam
ostendimus quod nutrimentum et
<choice>
 <sic>angues</sic>
 <corr>augens</corr>
</choice>.

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

Telle me also, to what conclusioun Were
membres maad, of generacioun And of so parfit wis a <choice xml:id="corr117">
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr>wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?
<!-- ... -->
<note target="#corr117">This emendation of the Hengwrt copy text, based on a Latin
source and on the reading of three late and usually unauthoritative
manuscripts, was proposed by E. Talbot Donaldson in
<bibl>
  <title>Speculum</title> 40 (1965) 626–33.</bibl>
</note>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<!-- somewhere in the header ... --><name xml:id="ETD">E Talbot Donaldson</name>
<!-- ... --> And of so parfit wis a <choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#ETD" cert="medium">wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

quamuis <choice xml:id="sic-1">
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr>iners</corr>
</choice> que nutu dei gesta
sunt ... unde esset uiriliter
<choice xml:id="sic-2">
 <corr>uegetata</corr>
 <sic>negata</sic>
</choice>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

quamuis <choice>
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr type="graphSubs">iners</corr>
</choice> que nutu dei gesta sunt ... unde
esset uiriliter
<choice>
 <corr type="graphSubs">uegetata</corr>
 <sic>negata</sic>
</choice>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

quamuis <choice>
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr type="graphSubs">iners</corr>
 <corr type="reversal">inres</corr>
</choice> que
nutu dei gesta sunt ...

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

And of so
parfit wis a <choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#mp" source="#Gg">wyf</corr>
</choice> ywroght?

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

And of so parfit wis a <app>
 <rdg wit="#Hg">wight</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ln #Ry2 #Ld">
  <corr resp="#ETD">wright</corr>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Gg">
  <corr resp="#mp">wyf</corr>
 </rdg>
</app>

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<choice>
 <sic>dedikararunt</sic>
 <corr>dedikarunt</corr>
</choice>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<add place="above" resp="#FB" hand="#WJ">But</add>
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr resp="#FB">one</corr>
</choice> must have lived ...
<!-- elsewhere -->
<respStmt xml:id="FB">
 <resp>editorial changes</resp>
 <name>Fredson Bowers</name>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="WJ">
 <resp>authorial changes</resp>
 <name>William James</name>
</respStmt>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#ETD" cert="medium">wright</corr>
</choice>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<choice>
 <corr xml:id="c117">wright</corr>
 <sic>wight</sic>
</choice>
<certainty target="#c117" locus="value"
 degree="0.7"/>
<respons target="#c117" locus="value"
 resp="#ETD"/>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<choice>

<choice> (choice) groups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text. [3.5. Simple Editorial Changes]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.linePart model.pPart.editorial

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: abbr choice corr expan orig reg sic unclear

linking: seg

transcr: am ex supplied

Note

Because the children of a choice element all represent alternative ways of encoding the same sequence, it is natural to think of them as mutually exclusive. However, there may be cases where a full representation of a text requires the alternative encodings to be considered as parallel.

Note also that choice elements may self-nest.

Where the purpose of an encoding is to record multiple witnesses of a single work, rather than to identify multiple possible encoding decisions at a given point, the app element and associated elements discussed in section 13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses should be preferred.

Example

An American encoding of Gulliver's Travels which retains the British spelling but also provides a version regularized to American spelling might be encoded as follows.

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="2"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.choicePart"/>
  <elementRef key="choice"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element choice
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   ( model.choicePart | choice ),
   ( model.choicePart | choice ),
   ( model.choicePart | choice )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <choice> (choice)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <choice> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <choice> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

Blessed are the <choice>
 <sic>cheesemakers</sic>
 <corr cert="high">peacemakers</corr>
 <corr cert="low">placemakers</corr>
</choice>:
for they shall be called the children of God.

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENSJ">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENSJ">
 <resp>Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace

<choice>
 <sic>1724</sic>
 <corr>1728</corr>
</choice>

att.global.responsibility

Blessed are the
<choice>
 <sic>cheesemakers</sic>
 <corr resp="#editor" cert="high">peacemakers</corr>
</choice>: for they shall be called the children of God.

att.global.responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENS1_transcriber">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENS1_transcriber">
 <resp when="2014">Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr>dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr resp="#msm">dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

<!-- within the header for this document ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="msm">
 <resp>editor</resp>
 <name>C.M. Sperberg-McQueen</name>
</respStmt>

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

An <choice>
 <corr cert="high">Autumn</corr>
 <sic>Antony</sic>
</choice> it was,
That grew the more by reaping

<sic>

Tel est le
chat Rutterkin des sorcières Margaret et Filippa Flower, qui furent<choice>
 <sic>prûlées</sic>
 <corr>brûlées</corr>
</choice> à Lincoln, le 11 mars 1619, pour avoir envoûté un parent du comte de
Rutland.

<sic>

Ouvrage très
véridique et mirifique du Sieur Marcus Publius Dataficus du digne fils du seigneur comte,
vicomte, duc et archiduc Johannus de Bessinguya<choice>
 <sic> Percepteur</sic>
 <corr>Precepteur</corr>
</choice> du digne fils du seigneur comte, vicomte, duc et archiduc Johannus de
Bessinguya.

<sic>

人們走起路來是快的，嘴裡邊的呼吸，一遇到了<choice>
 <sic>嚴肅</sic>
 <corr>嚴寒</corr>
</choice> 好像冒著煙似的。

<sic>

賣饅頭的老頭，背著木箱子，裡邊裝著熱<choice>
 <sic>鰻魚</sic>
 <corr>饅頭</corr>
</choice>，太陽一出來，就在街上叫喚。

<sic>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now
— how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or disprove anyone's theories?

<sic>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now
— how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or disprove anyone's theories?

<sic>

for his nose was as sharp as
a pen, and <choice>
 <sic>a Table</sic>
 <corr>a' babbld</corr>
</choice> of green fields.

<corr>

Tel est le
chat Rutterkin des sorcières Margaret et Filippa Flower, qui furent<choice>
 <sic>prûlées</sic>
 <corr>brûlées</corr>
</choice> à Lincoln, le 11 mars 1619, pour avoir envoûté un parent du comte de
Rutland.

<corr>

不怨天，不尤人。下學而上達。<choice>
 <sic>我知</sic>
 <corr>知我</corr>
</choice>者，其天乎！

<corr>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now —
how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or
disprove anyone's theories?

<corr>

I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now —
how <choice>
 <sic>we can</sic>
 <corr>can we</corr>
</choice> prove or
disprove anyone's theories?

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>Ainsi lecteur, je suis<choice>
  <orig>moy-mesmes</orig>
  <reg>moi-même</reg>
 </choice> la matière de mon livre : ce n'est pas raison que tu emploies ton loisir en un <choice>
  <orig>subject</orig>
  <reg>sujet</reg>
 </choice>si frivole et si vain.</p>

<choice>

<p>清朝與日本為爭奪北韓半島控制權，爆發歷史上著名的甲午戰爭。 發生於清光緒二十年，西元 <choice>
  <sic>1892</sic>
  <corr>1894</corr>
 </choice>年，雙方水陸大戰，傷亡者<choice>
  <orig>衆</orig>
  <reg>眾</reg>
 </choice>。</p>

3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization

<p>...how godly a <choice>
  <orig>dede</orig>
  <reg>deed</reg>
 </choice> it is to
<choice>
  <orig>overthrowe</orig>
  <reg>overthrow</reg>
 </choice> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <choice>
  <orig>thinke</orig>
  <reg>think</reg>
 </choice>
there <choice>
  <orig>canot</orig>
  <reg>cannot</reg>
 </choice> be a greater
<choice>
  <orig>sacryfice</orig>
  <reg>sacrifice</reg>
 </choice> to God.</p>

<reg>

<l>
 <choice>
  <orig>Maistre</orig>
  <reg resp="#LB">Maître</reg>
 </choice>Corbeau sur un arbre perché,
</l>
<l>
 <choice>
  <orig>Tenoit</orig>
  <reg resp="#LB">Tenait</reg>
 </choice> en son bec un fromage.
</l>

<reg>

<q>你已經 <choice>
  <reg>計劃</reg>
  <orig>計畫</orig>
 </choice> 我們 <choice>
  <reg>下週</reg>
  <orig>下周</orig>
 </choice> 旅遊的 <choice>
  <reg>計畫</reg>
  <orig>計劃</orig>
 </choice>了嗎？
</q>

<reg>

<q>Please <choice>
  <reg resp="#LB">knock</reg>
  <orig>cnk</orig>
 </choice> if an <choice>
  <reg>answer</reg>
  <orig>nsr</orig>
 </choice> is <choice>
  <reg>required</reg>
  <orig>reqd</orig>
 </choice>
</q>

<reg>

<q>Please <choice>
  <reg resp="#LB">knock</reg>
  <orig>cnk</orig>
 </choice> if an <choice>
  <reg>answer</reg>
  <orig>nsr</orig>
 </choice> is <choice>
  <reg>required</reg>
  <orig>reqd</orig>
 </choice>
</q>

<orig>

<l>Un bienfait perd sa grâce à le trop <choice>
  <orig>oublier</orig>
  <corr>publier</corr>
 </choice> ; </l>
<l>Qui veut qu'on s'en souvienne, il le faut <choice>
  <orig>publier</orig>
  <corr>oublier</corr>
 </choice>.</l>

<orig>

<l>妹子是被大哥<choice>
  <orig>喫</orig>
  <reg>吃</reg>
 </choice> 了，母親知道沒有，我可不得而知。</l>
<l>母親想也知道；不過哭的時候，卻 <choice>
  <orig>并</orig>
  <reg>並</reg>
 </choice>沒有說明，大約也以為應當的了。</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <choice>
  <orig>meere</orig>
  <reg>mere</reg>
 </choice> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <choice>
  <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
  <reg>understood</reg>
 </choice>
</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <choice>
  <orig>meere</orig>
  <reg>mere</reg>
 </choice> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <choice>
  <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
  <reg>understood</reg>
 </choice>
</l>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:WADLM1"
  type="person">
  <choice>
   <orig>Walter de la Mare</orig>
   <reg>de la Mare, Walter</reg>
  </choice>
 </name>
was born at <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Ch1"
  type="place">Charlton</name>, in
<name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:KT1"
  type="county">Kent</name>, in 1873.
</p>

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

the
<choice>
 <expan>World Wide Web Consortium</expan>
 <abbr>W3C</abbr>
</choice>

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

<choice>
 <abbr>RELAX NG</abbr>
 <expan>regular
   language for <choice>
   <abbr>XML</abbr>
   <expan>extensible markup
       language</expan>
  </choice>, next
   generation</expan>
</choice>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <expan>North Atlantic Treaty Organization</expan>
 <abbr cert="low">NorATO</abbr>
 <abbr cert="high">NATO</abbr>
 <abbr cert="high" xml:lang="fr">OTAN</abbr>
</choice>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <abbr>SPQR</abbr>
 <expan xml:lang="la">senatus populusque romanorum</expan>
</choice>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <abbr>北大</abbr>
 <expan>北京大學</expan>
</choice>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <abbr>SPQR</abbr>
 <expan>senatus populusque romanorum</expan>
</choice>

<expan>

The address is Southmoor
<choice>
 <expan>Road</expan>
 <abbr>Rd</abbr>
</choice>

<expan>

Il habite
<choice>
 <expan>Avenue</expan>
 <abbr>Av.</abbr>
</choice>de la Paix

<expan>

<choice>
 <expan>歐洲聯盟</expan>
 <abbr>歐盟</abbr>
</choice>

<expan>

<choice xml:lang="la">
 <abbr>Imp</abbr>
 <expan>Imp<ex>erator</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

8.4.5. Speech Management

<choice>
 <corr>SCSI</corr>
 <sic>skuzzy</sic>
</choice>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post>
 <choice>
  <orig>
   <w pos="VAPPER" lemma="">hastes</w>
  </orig>
  <reg>
   <w pos="VAFIN" lemma="haben">hast</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="du">du</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="es">es</w>
  </reg>
 </choice>
</post>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<choice>
 <abbr>eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y</abbr>
 <expan>euery</expan>
</choice>

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

eu<choice>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>
 <ex>er</ex>
</choice>y <choice>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>
 <ex>per</ex>
</choice>sone ...

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

For alle the while that I had
<choice>
 <sic>goo<abbr>ɗ</abbr>
 </sic>
 <expan resp="#mp" cert="high">good<ex>e</ex>
 </expan>
</choice> I was
welbeloued

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

But
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr>one</corr>
</choice> must have lived
...

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

Nos autem iam
ostendimus quod nutrimentum et
<choice>
 <sic>angues</sic>
 <corr>augens</corr>
</choice>.

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

Telle me also, to what conclusioun Were
membres maad, of generacioun And of so parfit wis a <choice xml:id="corr117">
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr>wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?
<!-- ... -->
<note target="#corr117">This emendation of the Hengwrt copy text, based on a Latin
source and on the reading of three late and usually unauthoritative
manuscripts, was proposed by E. Talbot Donaldson in
<bibl>
  <title>Speculum</title> 40 (1965) 626–33.</bibl>
</note>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<!-- somewhere in the header ... --><name xml:id="ETD">E Talbot Donaldson</name>
<!-- ... --> And of so parfit wis a <choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#ETD" cert="medium">wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

quamuis <choice xml:id="sic-1">
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr>iners</corr>
</choice> que nutu dei gesta
sunt ... unde esset uiriliter
<choice xml:id="sic-2">
 <corr>uegetata</corr>
 <sic>negata</sic>
</choice>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

quamuis <choice>
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr type="graphSubs">iners</corr>
</choice> que nutu dei gesta sunt ... unde
esset uiriliter
<choice>
 <corr type="graphSubs">uegetata</corr>
 <sic>negata</sic>
</choice>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

quamuis <choice>
 <sic>mens</sic>
 <corr type="graphSubs">iners</corr>
 <corr type="reversal">inres</corr>
</choice> que
nutu dei gesta sunt ...

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

And of so
parfit wis a <choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#mp" source="#Gg">wyf</corr>
</choice> ywroght?

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<choice>
 <sic>dedikararunt</sic>
 <corr>dedikarunt</corr>
</choice>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<add place="above" resp="#FB" hand="#WJ">But</add>
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr resp="#FB">one</corr>
</choice> must have lived ...
<!-- elsewhere -->
<respStmt xml:id="FB">
 <resp>editorial changes</resp>
 <name>Fredson Bowers</name>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="WJ">
 <resp>authorial changes</resp>
 <name>William James</name>
</respStmt>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#ETD" cert="medium">wright</corr>
</choice>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<choice>
 <corr xml:id="c117">wright</corr>
 <sic>wight</sic>
</choice>
<certainty target="#c117" locus="value"
 degree="0.7"/>
<respons target="#c117" locus="value"
 resp="#ETD"/>

<ex>

The address is Southmoor <choice>
 <expan>R<ex>oa</ex>d</expan>
 <abbr>Rd</abbr>
</choice>

<ex>

Il habite au 15 <choice>
 <expan>b<ex>oulevard</ex>d</expan>
 <abbr>bd</abbr>
</choice>Clemenceau.

<ex>

這裡是<choice>
 <expan>清<ex>華</ex>大<ex>學</ex>
 </expan>
 <abbr>清大</abbr>
</choice>

<am>

<choice>
 <abbr>Aug<am>g</am>
 </abbr>
 <expan>Aug<ex>ustorum duo</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app>

<choice xml:id="choice3">
 <reg>σύμπαντα</reg>
 <orig>ΣΙΝΠΑΤΑΝ</orig>
</choice>
<!-- ... -->
<app from="#choice3">
 <note>Mommsen's fanciful normalization, reproduced here, has not been accepted by all recent editions</note>
</app>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="ABC">
 <form>
  <choice>
   <seg type="morph">
    <seg>Bog</seg>
    <seg>o</seg>
    <seg>mil</seg>
   </seg>
   <seg type="morph">
    <seg>Bogo</seg>
    <seg>mil</seg>
   </seg>
  </choice>
 </form>
</nym>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.4.2. xpath()

<div xml:lang="la" type="edition"
 xml:space="preserve"><ab> <lb n="1" xml:id="line1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied> non <choice><reg>habui</reg><orig>abui</orig></choice> quidquam vaco  <lb n="2"/>si<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>b<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>    cohort<unclear>e</unclear> mi rescribas  <lb n="3"/><unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in <choice><reg>mente</reg><orig>mentem</orig></choice>    <choice><reg>habe</reg><orig>abe</orig></choice> supra res  <lb n="4"/>scriptas<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"
 unit="character"/>  <lb n="5"/>auge et opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas</ab>
</div>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

…pressing <choice>
 <seg type="platform" subtype="Mac">option</seg>
 <seg type="platform" subtype="PC">alt</seg>
</choice>-f will …

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

<w>

<l>
 <w lemma="it" pos="pn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0100">IT</w>
 <w lemma="have" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0110">hath</w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0120">been</w>
 <w lemma="say" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0130">said</w>
 <w lemma="of" pos="acp-p"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0140">of</w>
 <w lemma="old" pos="j"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0150">old</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0160">,</pc>
 <w lemma="that" pos="cs"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0170">that</w>
 <w lemma="play" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0180">
  <choice>
   <orig>Playes</orig>
   <reg>Plays</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvb"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0190">are</w>
 <w lemma="feast" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0200">Feasts</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0210">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100220">
 <w lemma="poet" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0220">Poets</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0230">the</w>
 <w lemma="cook" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0240">
  <choice>
   <orig>Cookes</orig>
   <reg>Cooks</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0250">,</pc>
 <w lemma="and" pos="cc"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0260">and</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0270">the</w>
 <w lemma="spectator" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0280">Spectators</w>
 <w lemma="guest" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0290">Guests</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0300">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100230">
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0310">The</w>
 <w lemma="actor" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0320">Actors</w>
 <w lemma="waiter" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0330">Waiters</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0340">:</pc>
<!-- ... -->
</l>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

You will want to use
<choice>
 <expan xml:id="CE-e1">Standard
   Generalized Markup Language</expan>
 <expan xml:id="CE-e40">Some Grandiose Methodology for Losers</expan>
 <abbr>SGML</abbr>
</choice> ...

<!-- ... -->
<certainty target="#CE-e1" locus="value"
 degree="0.9"/>
<certainty target="#CE-e40" locus="value"
 degree="0.5"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<reg>

<reg> (regularization) contains a reading which has been regularized or normalized in some sense. [3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization 13. Critical Apparatus]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.choicePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

If all that is desired is to call attention to the fact that the copy text has been regularized, reg may be used alone:

<q>Please <reg>knock</reg> if an <reg>answer</reg> is <reg>required</reg>
</q>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

It is also possible to identify the individual responsible for the regularization, and, using the choice and orig elements, to provide both the original and regularized readings:

<q>Please <choice>
  <reg resp="#LB">knock</reg>
  <orig>cnk</orig>
 </choice> if an <choice>
  <reg>answer</reg>
  <orig>nsr</orig>
 </choice> is <choice>
  <reg>required</reg>
  <orig>reqd</orig>
 </choice>
</q>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element reg
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <reg> (regularization)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <reg> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <reg> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>Ainsi lecteur, je suis<choice>
  <orig>moy-mesmes</orig>
  <reg>moi-même</reg>
 </choice> la matière de mon livre : ce n'est pas raison que tu emploies ton loisir en un <choice>
  <orig>subject</orig>
  <reg>sujet</reg>
 </choice>si frivole et si vain.</p>

<choice>

<p>清朝與日本為爭奪北韓半島控制權，爆發歷史上著名的甲午戰爭。 發生於清光緒二十年，西元 <choice>
  <sic>1892</sic>
  <corr>1894</corr>
 </choice>年，雙方水陸大戰，傷亡者<choice>
  <orig>衆</orig>
  <reg>眾</reg>
 </choice>。</p>

3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization

<p>...how godly a
<reg>deed</reg> it is to <reg>overthrow</reg> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <reg>think</reg>
there <reg>cannot</reg> be a greater
<reg>sacrifice</reg> to God.</p>

3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization

<p>...how godly a <choice>
  <orig>dede</orig>
  <reg>deed</reg>
 </choice> it is to
<choice>
  <orig>overthrowe</orig>
  <reg>overthrow</reg>
 </choice> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <choice>
  <orig>thinke</orig>
  <reg>think</reg>
 </choice>
there <choice>
  <orig>canot</orig>
  <reg>cannot</reg>
 </choice> be a greater
<choice>
  <orig>sacryfice</orig>
  <reg>sacrifice</reg>
 </choice> to God.</p>

<reg>

<q>Please <reg>knock</reg> if an <reg>answer</reg> is <reg>required</reg>
</q>

<reg>

<q>Please <reg>knock</reg> if an <reg>answer</reg> is <reg>required</reg>
</q>

<reg>

<l>
 <reg>Maître</reg> Corbeau sur un arbre perché,
</l>
<l>
 <reg>Tenait</reg> en son bec un fromage.
</l>

<reg>

<l>
 <choice>
  <orig>Maistre</orig>
  <reg resp="#LB">Maître</reg>
 </choice>Corbeau sur un arbre perché,
</l>
<l>
 <choice>
  <orig>Tenoit</orig>
  <reg resp="#LB">Tenait</reg>
 </choice> en son bec un fromage.
</l>

<reg>

<q>你已經<reg>計劃</reg>我們<reg>下週</reg>旅遊的<reg>計畫</reg>了嗎？</q>

<reg>

<q>你已經 <choice>
  <reg>計劃</reg>
  <orig>計畫</orig>
 </choice> 我們 <choice>
  <reg>下週</reg>
  <orig>下周</orig>
 </choice> 旅遊的 <choice>
  <reg>計畫</reg>
  <orig>計劃</orig>
 </choice>了嗎？
</q>

<reg>

<q>Please <choice>
  <reg resp="#LB">knock</reg>
  <orig>cnk</orig>
 </choice> if an <choice>
  <reg>answer</reg>
  <orig>nsr</orig>
 </choice> is <choice>
  <reg>required</reg>
  <orig>reqd</orig>
 </choice>
</q>

<reg>

<q>Please <choice>
  <reg resp="#LB">knock</reg>
  <orig>cnk</orig>
 </choice> if an <choice>
  <reg>answer</reg>
  <orig>nsr</orig>
 </choice> is <choice>
  <reg>required</reg>
  <orig>reqd</orig>
 </choice>
</q>

<orig>

<l>妹子是被大哥<choice>
  <orig>喫</orig>
  <reg>吃</reg>
 </choice> 了，母親知道沒有，我可不得而知。</l>
<l>母親想也知道；不過哭的時候，卻 <choice>
  <orig>并</orig>
  <reg>並</reg>
 </choice>沒有說明，大約也以為應當的了。</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <choice>
  <orig>meere</orig>
  <reg>mere</reg>
 </choice> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <choice>
  <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
  <reg>understood</reg>
 </choice>
</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <choice>
  <orig>meere</orig>
  <reg>mere</reg>
 </choice> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <choice>
  <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
  <reg>understood</reg>
 </choice>
</l>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>My personal life during
the administration of <rs key="POJA1" type="person">Col. Polk
   (<reg>Polk, James K.</reg>)</rs> has but poorly compensated me for the
suspended enjoyments and pursuits of private and professional
spheres</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:WADLM1"
  type="person">
  <choice>
   <orig>Walter de la Mare</orig>
   <reg>de la Mare, Walter</reg>
  </choice>
 </name>
was born at <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Ch1"
  type="place">Charlton</name>, in
<name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:KT1"
  type="county">Kent</name>, in 1873.
</p>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post>
 <choice>
  <orig>
   <w pos="VAPPER" lemma="">hastes</w>
  </orig>
  <reg>
   <w pos="VAFIN" lemma="haben">hast</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="du">du</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="es">es</w>
  </reg>
 </choice>
</post>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app>

<choice xml:id="choice3">
 <reg>σύμπαντα</reg>
 <orig>ΣΙΝΠΑΤΑΝ</orig>
</choice>
<!-- ... -->
<app from="#choice3">
 <note>Mommsen's fanciful normalization, reproduced here, has not been accepted by all recent editions</note>
</app>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.4.2. xpath()

<div xml:lang="la" type="edition"
 xml:space="preserve"><ab> <lb n="1" xml:id="line1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied> non <choice><reg>habui</reg><orig>abui</orig></choice> quidquam vaco  <lb n="2"/>si<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>b<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>    cohort<unclear>e</unclear> mi rescribas  <lb n="3"/><unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in <choice><reg>mente</reg><orig>mentem</orig></choice>    <choice><reg>habe</reg><orig>abe</orig></choice> supra res  <lb n="4"/>scriptas<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"
 unit="character"/>  <lb n="5"/>auge et opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas</ab>
</div>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

<w>

<l>
 <w lemma="it" pos="pn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0100">IT</w>
 <w lemma="have" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0110">hath</w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0120">been</w>
 <w lemma="say" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0130">said</w>
 <w lemma="of" pos="acp-p"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0140">of</w>
 <w lemma="old" pos="j"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0150">old</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0160">,</pc>
 <w lemma="that" pos="cs"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0170">that</w>
 <w lemma="play" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0180">
  <choice>
   <orig>Playes</orig>
   <reg>Plays</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvb"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0190">are</w>
 <w lemma="feast" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0200">Feasts</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0210">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100220">
 <w lemma="poet" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0220">Poets</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0230">the</w>
 <w lemma="cook" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0240">
  <choice>
   <orig>Cookes</orig>
   <reg>Cooks</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0250">,</pc>
 <w lemma="and" pos="cc"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0260">and</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0270">the</w>
 <w lemma="spectator" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0280">Spectators</w>
 <w lemma="guest" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0290">Guests</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0300">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100230">
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0310">The</w>
 <w lemma="actor" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0320">Actors</w>
 <w lemma="waiter" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0330">Waiters</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0340">:</pc>
<!-- ... -->
</l>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<orig>

<orig> (original form) contains a reading which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected. [3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization 13. Critical Apparatus]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.choicePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

If all that is desired is to call attention to the original version in the copy text, orig may be used alone:

<l>But this will be a <orig>meere</orig> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
</l>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

More usually, an orig will be combined with a regularized form within a choice element:

<l>But this will be a <choice>
  <orig>meere</orig>
  <reg>mere</reg>
 </choice> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <choice>
  <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
  <reg>understood</reg>
 </choice>
</l>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element orig
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <orig> (original form)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <orig> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <orig> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above
articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of
meat and drink sufficient for the support of <choice>
  <sic>1724</sic>
  <corr>1728</corr>
 </choice> of our subjects,
with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our
<choice>
  <orig>favour</orig>
  <reg>favor</reg>
 </choice>.</p>

<choice>

<p>Ainsi lecteur, je suis<choice>
  <orig>moy-mesmes</orig>
  <reg>moi-même</reg>
 </choice> la matière de mon livre : ce n'est pas raison que tu emploies ton loisir en un <choice>
  <orig>subject</orig>
  <reg>sujet</reg>
 </choice>si frivole et si vain.</p>

<choice>

<p>清朝與日本為爭奪北韓半島控制權，爆發歷史上著名的甲午戰爭。 發生於清光緒二十年，西元 <choice>
  <sic>1892</sic>
  <corr>1894</corr>
 </choice>年，雙方水陸大戰，傷亡者<choice>
  <orig>衆</orig>
  <reg>眾</reg>
 </choice>。</p>

3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization

<p>...how godly a <orig>dede</orig> it is to
<orig>overthrowe</orig> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <orig>thinke</orig>
there <orig>canot</orig> be a greater
<orig>sacryfice</orig> to God</p>

3.5.2. Regularization and Normalization

<p>...how godly a <choice>
  <orig>dede</orig>
  <reg>deed</reg>
 </choice> it is to
<choice>
  <orig>overthrowe</orig>
  <reg>overthrow</reg>
 </choice> so wicked a race the
world may judge: for my part I <choice>
  <orig>thinke</orig>
  <reg>think</reg>
 </choice>
there <choice>
  <orig>canot</orig>
  <reg>cannot</reg>
 </choice> be a greater
<choice>
  <orig>sacryfice</orig>
  <reg>sacrifice</reg>
 </choice> to God.</p>

<reg>

<l>
 <choice>
  <orig>Maistre</orig>
  <reg resp="#LB">Maître</reg>
 </choice>Corbeau sur un arbre perché,
</l>
<l>
 <choice>
  <orig>Tenoit</orig>
  <reg resp="#LB">Tenait</reg>
 </choice> en son bec un fromage.
</l>

<reg>

<q>你已經 <choice>
  <reg>計劃</reg>
  <orig>計畫</orig>
 </choice> 我們 <choice>
  <reg>下週</reg>
  <orig>下周</orig>
 </choice> 旅遊的 <choice>
  <reg>計畫</reg>
  <orig>計劃</orig>
 </choice>了嗎？
</q>

<reg>

<q>Please <choice>
  <reg resp="#LB">knock</reg>
  <orig>cnk</orig>
 </choice> if an <choice>
  <reg>answer</reg>
  <orig>nsr</orig>
 </choice> is <choice>
  <reg>required</reg>
  <orig>reqd</orig>
 </choice>
</q>

<reg>

<q>Please <choice>
  <reg resp="#LB">knock</reg>
  <orig>cnk</orig>
 </choice> if an <choice>
  <reg>answer</reg>
  <orig>nsr</orig>
 </choice> is <choice>
  <reg>required</reg>
  <orig>reqd</orig>
 </choice>
</q>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <orig>meere</orig> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <orig>meere</orig> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
</l>

<orig>

<p>si mes pensées se sont entretenues des occurences <orig>estrangieres</orig> quelque
partie du temps, quelque autre partie je les <orig>rameine</orig> à la promenade, au<orig> vergier</orig>, à la douceur de cette solitude et à moy. </p>

<orig>

<l>Un bienfait perd sa grâce à le trop <choice>
  <orig>oublier</orig>
  <corr>publier</corr>
 </choice> ; </l>
<l>Qui veut qu'on s'en souvienne, il le faut <choice>
  <orig>publier</orig>
  <corr>oublier</corr>
 </choice>.</l>

<orig>

<l>妹子是被大哥<orig>喫</orig>了，母親知道沒有，我可不得而知。 </l>
<l>母親想也知道；不過哭的時候，卻<orig>并</orig>沒有說明，大約也以為應當的了。</l>

<orig>

<l>妹子是被大哥<choice>
  <orig>喫</orig>
  <reg>吃</reg>
 </choice> 了，母親知道沒有，我可不得而知。</l>
<l>母親想也知道；不過哭的時候，卻 <choice>
  <orig>并</orig>
  <reg>並</reg>
 </choice>沒有說明，大約也以為應當的了。</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <choice>
  <orig>meere</orig>
  <reg>mere</reg>
 </choice> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <choice>
  <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
  <reg>understood</reg>
 </choice>
</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <choice>
  <orig>meere</orig>
  <reg>mere</reg>
 </choice> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <choice>
  <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
  <reg>understood</reg>
 </choice>
</l>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:WADLM1"
  type="person">
  <choice>
   <orig>Walter de la Mare</orig>
   <reg>de la Mare, Walter</reg>
  </choice>
 </name>
was born at <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Ch1"
  type="place">Charlton</name>, in
<name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:KT1"
  type="county">Kent</name>, in 1873.
</p>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post>
 <choice>
  <orig>
   <w pos="VAPPER" lemma="">hastes</w>
  </orig>
  <reg>
   <w pos="VAFIN" lemma="haben">hast</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="du">du</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="es">es</w>
  </reg>
 </choice>
</post>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app>

<choice xml:id="choice3">
 <reg>σύμπαντα</reg>
 <orig>ΣΙΝΠΑΤΑΝ</orig>
</choice>
<!-- ... -->
<app from="#choice3">
 <note>Mommsen's fanciful normalization, reproduced here, has not been accepted by all recent editions</note>
</app>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.4.2. xpath()

<div xml:lang="la" type="edition"
 xml:space="preserve"><ab> <lb n="1" xml:id="line1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied> non <choice><reg>habui</reg><orig>abui</orig></choice> quidquam vaco  <lb n="2"/>si<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>b<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>    cohort<unclear>e</unclear> mi rescribas  <lb n="3"/><unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in <choice><reg>mente</reg><orig>mentem</orig></choice>    <choice><reg>habe</reg><orig>abe</orig></choice> supra res  <lb n="4"/>scriptas<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"
 unit="character"/>  <lb n="5"/>auge et opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas</ab>
</div>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

<w>

<l>
 <w lemma="it" pos="pn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0100">IT</w>
 <w lemma="have" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0110">hath</w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0120">been</w>
 <w lemma="say" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0130">said</w>
 <w lemma="of" pos="acp-p"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0140">of</w>
 <w lemma="old" pos="j"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0150">old</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0160">,</pc>
 <w lemma="that" pos="cs"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0170">that</w>
 <w lemma="play" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0180">
  <choice>
   <orig>Playes</orig>
   <reg>Plays</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvb"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0190">are</w>
 <w lemma="feast" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0200">Feasts</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0210">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100220">
 <w lemma="poet" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0220">Poets</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0230">the</w>
 <w lemma="cook" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0240">
  <choice>
   <orig>Cookes</orig>
   <reg>Cooks</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0250">,</pc>
 <w lemma="and" pos="cc"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0260">and</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0270">the</w>
 <w lemma="spectator" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0280">Spectators</w>
 <w lemma="guest" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0290">Guests</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0300">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100230">
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0310">The</w>
 <w lemma="actor" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0320">Actors</w>
 <w lemma="waiter" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0330">Waiters</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0340">:</pc>
<!-- ... -->
</l>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<gap>

<gap> (gap) indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible, invisible, or inaudible. [3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

reason reason⚓︎
(reason) gives the reason for omission.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Suggested values include:

cancelled

(cancelled)

deleted

(deleted)

editorial

(editorial) for features omitted from transcription due to editorial policy

illegible

(illegible)

inaudible

(inaudible)

irrelevant

(irrelevant)

sampling

(sampling)

agent agent⚓︎
(agent) in the case of text omitted because of damage, categorizes the cause of the damage, if it can be identified.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

rubbing

(rubbing) damage results from rubbing of the leaf edges

mildew

(mildew) damage results from mildew on the leaf surface

smoke

(smoke) damage results from smoke

Member of

model.global.edit

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: desc

Note

The gap, unclear, and del core tag elements may be closely allied in use with the damage and supplied elements, available when using the additional tagset for transcription of primary sources. See section 12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination for discussion of which element is appropriate for which circumstance.

The gap tag simply signals the editors decision to omit or inability to transcribe a span of text. Other information, such as the interpretation that text was deliberately erased or covered, should be indicated using the relevant tags, such as del in the case of deliberate deletion.

Example

<gap quantity="4" unit="chars"
 reason="illegible"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<gap quantity="1" unit="essay"
 reason="sampling"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<del>
 <gap atLeast="4" atMost="8" unit="chars"
  reason="illegible"/>
</del>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<gap extent="several lines" reason="lost"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.certLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element gap
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   attribute reason
   {
      list
      {
         (
            "cancelled"
          | "deleted"
          | "editorial"
          | "illegible"
          | "inaudible"
          | "irrelevant"
          | "sampling"
          | teidata.enumerated
         )+
      }
   }?,
   attribute agent { teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( model.descLike | model.certLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <gap> (gap)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <gap> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <gap> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.cmc

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="2" synch="#t00394407" who="#WU00005582">
 <p> Kurze Nachfrage: Die Hieros für den Goldnamen stammen
   auch von Beckerath gem. Literatur ? Grüße --</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">18:50, 22. Okt. 2008 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="written" generatedBy="human">
<!-- ... main content of posting ... -->
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.indentation

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.ranging

The MS. was lost in transmission by mail from
<del rend="overstrike">
 <gap reason="illegible"
  extent="one or two letters" atLeast="1" atMost="2" unit="chars"/>
</del>
Philadelphia to the Graphic office, New York.

att.scoping

<gap reason="cancelled">
 <certainty match="@reason" locus="value"
  cert="low"/>
</gap>

att.dimensions

<gap extent="5 words"/>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<gap reason="illegible" unit="word"
 quantity="2" resp="#editor04"/>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<gap reason="overwriting illegible"
 extent="several characters"/>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<gap reason="sampling" quantity="120"
 unit="lines">
 <desc>irrelevant commentary</desc>
</gap>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

… Their arrangement with respect to Jupiter and to each other was as follows:
<gap reason="sampling" extent="restOfPage">
 <desc>astrological figure</desc>
</gap>
That is, there were two stars on the easterly side and one to the
west; …

<gap>

<gap quantity="4" unit="chars"
 reason="illegible"/>

<gap>

<gap quantity="4" unit="chars"
 reason="illegible"/>

<gap>

<gap quantity="1" unit="essay"
 reason="sampling"/>

<gap>

<gap quantity="4" unit="字" reason="無法識讀"/>

<gap>

<gap quantity="1" unit="文章" reason="抽樣"/>

<gap>

<gap quantity="1" unit="essay"
 reason="sampling"/>

<gap>

<del>
 <gap atLeast="4" atMost="8" unit="chars"
  reason="illegible"/>
</del>

<gap>

<gap extent="several lines" reason="lost"/>

<del>

<del rend="overstrike">
 <gap reason="illegible" quantity="5"
  unit="character"/>
</del>

<unclear>

<add place="inspace">Envoyez-moi une épreuve <unclear cert="medium">W</unclear>
 <gap reason="inDéchiffrable"/>
</add>

4. Default Text Structure

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

<div n="xx" part="M" type="chapter">
 <p> ... </p>
 <gap extent="2" reason="sampling"/>
 <p> ... </p>
</div>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.1. Segmentation

<u who="#T1">
 <seg type="C">I think </seg>
 <seg type="C">this chap was writing </seg>
 <seg type="C">and he <del type="repeated">said hello</del> said </seg>
 <seg type="M">hello </seg>
 <seg type="C">and he said </seg>
 <seg type="C">I'm going to a gate
   at twenty past seven </seg>
 <seg type="C">he said </seg>
 <seg type="M">ok </seg>
 <seg type="M">right away </seg>
 <seg type="C">and so <gap extent="1 syll"/> on they went </seg>
 <seg type="C">and they were <gap extent="3 sylls"/>
   writing there </seg>
</u>

8.4.4. Prosody

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

8.4.5. Speech Management

<gap reason="passing-truck" quantity="5"
 unit="s"/>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001a.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001a.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001a.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001a.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_FEMALE-PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A03" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NN">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="die" pos="ART">den</w>
 <w lemma="Wunsch" pos="NN">wunsch</w>
 <w lemma="zu" pos="PTKZU">zu</w>
 <w lemma="erfüllen" pos="VVINF">erfüllen</w>
<!-- ... -->
</post>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001p.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001p.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001p.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001p.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001p.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="pseudonymization"
    unit="token" quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="pseudonymization">Kornelia</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
<!-- the rest of the post -->
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich
   selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel
   glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msItem defective="true">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title type="uniform">Ágrip af Noregs konunga sǫgum</title>
 <incipit defective="true">
  <lb/>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> seti ho<gap reason="illegible" quantity="7"
   unit="mm"/>
  <lb/>sc heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit defective="true">h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex> þa buit hesta .ij.
 <lb/>annan viþ fé en h<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> annan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
</msItem>

<explicit>

<explicit>sed libera nos a malo.</explicit>
<rubric>Hic explicit oratio qui dicitur dominica.</rubric>
<explicit type="defective">ex materia quasi et forma sibi
proporti<gap/>
</explicit>
<explicit type="reverse">saued be shulle that doome of day the at
</explicit>

<explicit>

<explicit>sed libera nos a malo.</explicit>
<rubric>Hic explicit oratio qui dicitur dominica.</rubric>
<explicit type="defective">ex materia quasi et forma sibi proporti<gap/>
</explicit>
<explicit type="reverse">saued be shulle that doome of day the at</explicit>

<msItem>

<msItem class="#saga">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title>Agrip af Noregs konunga sögum</title>
 <incipit>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> setiho
 <gap reason="illegible" extent="7"/>sc
   heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit>h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex>þa buit hesta .ij. aNan viþ
   fé enh<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> aNan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="non">Old Norse/Icelandic</textLang>
</msItem>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

Others <gap reason="cancelled" quantity="10"
 unit="cm"/>—and here is one of
them...

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

I am dr Sr yr <gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="word"/>Sydney Smith

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<l n="4">a darmi morte, poi m'avete preso <surplus reason="interpolated">a
   tradimento</surplus>
</l>
<l n="5">sì com' l'uccellator prende l'uccello</l>
<gap/>
<l n="43">e lettere dintorno che diriano <surplus reason="interpolated">in questa
   guisa</surplus>
</l>
<l n="44">Più v'amo, dëa, che non faccio Deo</l>

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

þar komr inn dimmi
dreki fliugandi naþr frann neþan <gap reason="illegible" agent="rubbing"
 quantity="4" unit="letter"/>

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

<damage agent="smoke">
 <unclear>and the proof of this is</unclear>
 <gap/>
 <unclear>margin</unclear>
</damage>

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

runs out the door in <gap extent="1 word"/> shirt

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

runs out the door in <del>
 <gap extent="1 word"/>
</del> shirt

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

sum<subst>
 <del>
  <gap extent="2 characters"/>
 </del>
 <add place="inline">mo</add>
</subst>ns

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

Billy in The <del>
 <gap extent="1 character"/>ng<gap extent="2 characters"/>
</del> Silver Dollar..

<subst>

<subst>
 <del>
  <gap reason="illegible" quantity="5"
   unit="character"/>
 </del>
 <add>apple</add>
</subst>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.4.2. xpath()

<div xml:lang="la" type="edition"
 xml:space="preserve"><ab> <lb n="1" xml:id="line1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied> non <choice><reg>habui</reg><orig>abui</orig></choice> quidquam vaco  <lb n="2"/>si<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>b<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>    cohort<unclear>e</unclear> mi rescribas  <lb n="3"/><unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in <choice><reg>mente</reg><orig>mentem</orig></choice>    <choice><reg>habe</reg><orig>abe</orig></choice> supra res  <lb n="4"/>scriptas<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"
 unit="character"/>  <lb n="5"/>auge et opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas</ab>
</div>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<ellipsis>

<ellipsis> (deliberately marked omission) indicates a purposeful marking in the source document signalling that content has been omitted, and may also supply or describe the omitted content. [3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

Member of

model.global.edit

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: desc

transcr: metamark supplied

Note

Unlike gap, which indicates content that the encoder cannot or chooses not to represent, ellipsis indicates a passage explicitly signalled in the source document as absent. The ellipsis element is not appropriate for every use of ellipsis points, such as when they indicate that a speaker is pausing.

Example

<lg>
 <l>What projects men make—what queer turns they take,</l>
 <l>Since <emph>steam</emph> has improved our condition;</l>
 <l>They never are still, but must cure or must kill</l>
 <l>With steam physic or steam ammunition.</l>
 <l>But a short time ago, to a quack you would go,</l>
 <l>To steam a fat man to a thinner;</l>
 <l>Now changed from all that, if you wish to get <emph>fat</emph>,</l>
 <l>Come to Barton’s and eat a <emph>steam dinner!</emph>
 </l>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>You may sleep, you may dream, you may travel by steam,</l>
 <l>For the outcry is still to go faster;</l>
 <l>And what does it reck, should you e’en break your neck,</l>
 <l>If ’tis <emph>steam</emph> that brings on the disaster?</l>
 <ellipsis resp="#ChambersEdnbrghJrnl1880">
  <metamark function="multilineEllipsis"> * * * * </metamark>
  <desc resp="#teiProjectEditor2021">The printer omits four lines here,
     skipping the second half of the second octave, before the refrain.</desc>
 </ellipsis>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<lg>
 <l>You think you’ve lost your love </l>
 <l>Well, I saw her yesterday </l>
 <l>It’s you she's thinking of </l>
 <l>And she told me what to say</l>
</lg>
<lg xml:id="chorus">
 <label>[Refrain]</label>
 <l>She says she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know that can’t be bad </l>
 <l>Yes, she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know you should be glad</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>She said you hurt her so </l>
 <l>She almost lost her mind </l>
 <l>But now she said she knows </l>
 <l>You’re not the hurting kind</l>
</lg>
<ellipsis>
 <metamark>******</metamark>
 <supplied copyOf="#chorus"/>
</ellipsis>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="metamark"/>
  <classRef key="model.descLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
  <elementRef key="supplied" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="1"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element ellipsis
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   ( metamark, model.descLike?, supplied? )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <ellipsis> (deliberately marked omission)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <ellipsis> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <ellipsis> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<table rows="3" cols="2">
 <head>Tent supplies</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>nylon tent</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>steel stakes</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>6</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>fiberglass poles</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <ellipsis>
    <metamark function="ellipsis">"</metamark>
    <supplied>
     <num>6</num>
    </supplied>
   </ellipsis>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<p>I leave Dublin to-morrow for M<ellipsis>
  <metamark>——</metamark>
 </ellipsis> house. It is situated in the county of <ellipsis>
  <metamark>——</metamark>
 </ellipsis>, on the north-west coast of <placeName>Connaught</placeName>, which I am told is the classic ground of <placeName>Ireland</placeName>.</p>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<lg>
 <l>Amıgas sey eu be<ex>n</ex> dunha molher</l>
 <l>Que se trabalha de uosco buscar</l>
 <l>Mal a uossamigo polo matar</l>
 <l>Mays todaquestamiga ela q<ex>ue</ex>r</l>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l>Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
 <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>E buscalhi co<ex>n</ex> uosco q<ex>ua</ex>nto mal</l>
 <l>Ela mays pode aq<ex>ue</ex>sto sei eu</l>
 <l>E todaq<ex>ue</ex>stela faz polo seu</l>
 <l>E p<ex>or</ex>este p<unclear>ẏ</unclear>te non por al</l>
 <lb/>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l rend="nobreak" part="I">Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca</l>
 <ellipsis>
  <metamark rend="nobreak"
   function="ellipsis">·:—</metamark>
  <supplied>
   <l rend="nobreak" part="F">co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
   <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
  </supplied>
 </ellipsis>
</lg>

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>What projects men make—what queer turns they take,</l>
 <l>Since <emph>steam</emph> has improved our condition;</l>
 <l>They never are still, but must cure or must kill</l>
 <l>With steam physic or steam ammunition.</l>
 <l>But a short time ago, to a quack you would go,</l>
 <l>To steam a fat man to a thinner;</l>
 <l>Now changed from all that, if you wish to get <emph>fat</emph>,</l>
 <l>Come to Barton’s and eat a <emph>steam dinner!</emph>
 </l>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>You may sleep, you may dream, you may travel by steam,</l>
 <l>For the outcry is still to go faster;</l>
 <l>And what does it reck, should you e’en break your neck,</l>
 <l>If ’tis <emph>steam</emph> that brings on the disaster?</l>
 <ellipsis resp="#ChambersEdnbrghJrnl1880">
  <metamark function="multilineEllipsis"> * * * * </metamark>
  <desc resp="#teiProjectEditor2021">The printer omits four lines here,
     skipping the second half of the second octave, before the refrain.</desc>
 </ellipsis>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>You think you’ve lost your love </l>
 <l>Well, I saw her yesterday </l>
 <l>It’s you she's thinking of </l>
 <l>And she told me what to say</l>
</lg>
<lg xml:id="chorus">
 <label>[Refrain]</label>
 <l>She says she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know that can’t be bad </l>
 <l>Yes, she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know you should be glad</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>She said you hurt her so </l>
 <l>She almost lost her mind </l>
 <l>But now she said she knows </l>
 <l>You’re not the hurting kind</l>
</lg>
<ellipsis>
 <metamark>******</metamark>
 <supplied copyOf="#chorus"/>
</ellipsis>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<add>

<add> (addition) contains letters, words, or phrases inserted in the source text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector. [3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.linePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl subst supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

In a diplomatic edition attempting to represent an original source, the add element should not be used for additions to the current TEI electronic edition made by editors or encoders. In these cases, either the corr or supplied element are recommended.

In a TEI edition of a historical text with previous editorial emendations in which such additions or reconstructions are considered part of the source text, the use of add may be appropriate, dependent on the editorial philosophy of the project.

Example

The story I am
going to relate is true as to its main facts, and as to the
consequences <add place="above">of these facts</add> from which
this tale takes its title.

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element add
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <add> (addition)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <add> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <add> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

12. Representation of Primary Sources

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.placement

<add place="margin">[An addition written in the margin]</add>
<add place="bottom opposite">[An addition written at the
foot of the current page and also on the facing page]</add>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

The story I am going to relate is true as to its main facts,
and as to the consequences <add place="above">of
these facts</add> from which this tale takes its title.

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<l>
 <del rend="overstrike">Inviolable</del>
 <add place="below">Inexplicable</add>
splendour of Corinthian white and gold
</l>

<add>

The story I am
going to relate is true as to its main facts, and as to the
consequences <add place="above">of these facts</add> from which
this tale takes its title.

<unclear>

<add place="inspace">Envoyez-moi une épreuve <unclear cert="medium">W</unclear>
 <gap reason="inDéchiffrable"/>
</add>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<stage>Enter two Centinels.
<add place="margin">Now call'd <name xml:id="barnardo">Bernardo</name> &amp;
 <name xml:id="francisco">Francesco</name>.</add>
</stage>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Stand: who is that?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Tis I.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l>O you come most carefully vpon your watch,</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l>And if you meete Marcellus and Horatio,</l>
 <l>The partners of my watch, bid them make haste.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I will: See who goes there.</l>
</sp>
<stage>Enter Horatio and Marcellus.</stage>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

Some things are best
at first sight. Others — and here is one of them — <add hand="#mb">do ever</add>
improve by recognition [...]
<handNote xml:id="mb">Max Beerbohm
holograph</handNote>

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

The O.E.D. is not a
dictionary so much as a corpus of precedents <del hand="#RG">in the</del>:
current, obsolete, <add hand="#RG" place="above">cant,</add> cataphretic and
nonce-words are all included.

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

As for 'significant artist.' You quote the O.E.D <del>
 <add hand="#RG" place="above">for an abridgement</add>
</del> in explanation...

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

You
quote the <del>
 <add hand="#RG" place="margin">Norton</add>
</del> O.E.D...

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

... are all included. <del hand="#RG">It is</del>
<subst>
 <add>T</add>
 <del>t</del>
</subst>he expressed

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend01"/> Tis moonlight
<del>upon</del>
 <add>over</add> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend01"/>
</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend02"/> Tis moonlight
<subst>
  <del>upon</del>
  <add>over</add>
 </subst> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend02"/>
</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

One must have lived longer
with <subst>
 <del seq="1">this</del>
 <del seq="2">
  <add seq="1">such a</add>
 </del>
 <add seq="2">a</add>
</subst> system, to appreciate its advantages.

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

While <del xml:id="change1">pondering</del> thus <add xml:id="change2">she mus'd</add>, her pinions
fann'd
<substJoin target="#change1 #change2"/>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

<l>And towards our distant rest began to trudge,</l>
<l>
 <subst>
  <del>Helping the worst amongst us</del>
  <add>Dragging the worst amongt
     us</add>
 </subst>, who'd no boots
</l>
<l>But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; <subst>
  <del status="shortEnd">half-</del>
  <add>all</add>
 </subst> blind;</l>
<l>Drunk with fatigue ; deaf even to the hoots</l>
<l>Of tired, outstripped <del>fif</del> five-nines that dropped
behind.</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

One must have lived longer with <app>
 <rdg varSeq="1">
  <del>this</del>
 </rdg>
 <rdg varSeq="2">
  <del>
   <add>such a</add>
  </del>
 </rdg>
 <rdg varSeq="3">
  <add>a</add>
 </rdg>
</app> system, to appreciate its advantages.

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<add place="above" resp="#FB" hand="#WJ">But</add>
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr resp="#FB">one</corr>
</choice> must have lived ...
<!-- elsewhere -->
<respStmt xml:id="FB">
 <resp>editorial changes</resp>
 <name>Fredson Bowers</name>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="WJ">
 <resp>authorial changes</resp>
 <name>William James</name>
</respStmt>

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

This is the text <add xml:id="ADD1">with some added <add xml:id="ADD2">(interlinear!)</add> material</add> as
written.

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

<del>This
sentence was deleted <add>originally</add> from the
text.</del>

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

<add>This sentence was
added <del>eventually</del> to the text.</add>

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

sum<subst>
 <del>
  <gap extent="2 characters"/>
 </del>
 <add place="inline">mo</add>
</subst>ns

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used" target="#X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications

This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
 <undo spanTo="#Xa" rend="dotted"
  change="#s3"/>just some <anchor xml:id="Xa"/> sample <undo spanTo="#Xb" rend="dotted"
  change="#s3"/>text, <anchor xml:id="Xb"/> we need
</del>
<add change="#s2">not</add> a real example.

12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications

This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
 <seg xml:id="X-a">just some</seg> sample <seg xml:id="X-b">text</seg>, we
need
</del>
<add change="#s2">not</add> a real example.

<undo target="#X-a #X-b" rend="dotted"
 change="#s3"/>

12.3.4.6. Alternative Readings

Alone <seg xml:id="alt1">before</seg>
<add place="above" xml:id="alt2">beside</add> his native river —

<alt target="#alt1 #alt2" mode="excl"
 weights="0 1"/>

12.3.4.7. Instant Corrections

<del instant="true">T</del>
<mod type="subst">
 <del>The</del>
 <add place="above">
  <del rend="overstrike">His</del>
 </add>
</mod>
<mod type="subst">
 <del rend="overwritten">i</del>
 <add place="superimposed">I</add>
</mod>ron necklace

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<line change="#firstStage">This is a <add change="#secondStage">house</add>
mouse.</line>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<line change="#firstStage">This is a <mod type="subst" change="#secondStage">
  <del>house</del>
  <add>mouse</add>
 </mod>.</line>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<subst>

... are all included. <del hand="#RG">It is</del>
<subst>
 <add>T</add>
 <del>t</del>
</subst>he expressed

<subst>

that he and his Sister Miſs D — <lb/>who always lived with him, wd. be <subst>
 <del>very</del>
 <lb/>
 <add>principally</add>
</subst> remembered in her Will.

<subst>

<ab>τ<subst>
  <add place="above">ῶν</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
συνκυρόντ<subst>
  <add place="above">ων</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
ἐργαστηρί<subst>
  <add place="above">ων</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
</ab>

<subst>

<subst>
 <del>
  <gap reason="illegible" quantity="5"
   unit="character"/>
 </del>
 <add>apple</add>
</subst>

<substJoin>

While <del xml:id="r112">pondering</del> thus <add xml:id="r113">she mus'd</add>, her pinions fann'd
<substJoin target="#r112 #r113"/>

<metamark>

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="zone-X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used"
  target="#zone-X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

<mod>

<mod type="subst">
 <add>pleasing</add>
 <del>agreable</del>
</mod>

<undo>

<line>This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
  <seg xml:id="undo-a">just some</seg>
   sample <seg xml:id="undo-b">text</seg>,
   we need</del>
 <add change="#s2">not</add>
a real example.</line>
<undo target="#undo-a #undo-b"
 rend="dotted" change="#s3"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<del>

<del> (deletion) contains a letter, word, or passage deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector. [3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.linePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl subst supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

This element should be used for deletion of shorter sequences of text, typically single words or phrases. The delSpan element should be used for longer sequences of text, for those containing structural subdivisions, and for those containing overlapping additions and deletions.

The text deleted must be at least partially legible in order for the encoder to be able to transcribe it (unless it is restored in a supplied tag). Illegible or lost text within a deletion may be marked using the gap tag to signal that text is present but has not been transcribed, or is no longer visible. Attributes on the gap element may be used to indicate how much text is omitted, the reason for omitting it, etc. If text is not fully legible, the unclear element (available when using the additional tagset for transcription of primary sources) should be used to signal the areas of text which cannot be read with confidence in a similar way.

Degrees of uncertainty over what can still be read, or whether a deletion was intended may be indicated by use of the certainty element (see 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility).

There is a clear distinction in the TEI between del and surplus on the one hand and gap or unclear on the other. del indicates a deletion present in the source being transcribed, which states the author's or a later scribe's intent to cancel or remove text. surplus indicates material present in the source being transcribed which should have been so deleted, but which is not in fact. gap or unclear, by contrast, signal an editor's or encoder's decision to omit something or their inability to read the source text. See sections 12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription and 12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination for the relationship between these and other related elements used in detailed transcription.

Example

<l>
 <del rend="overtyped">Mein</del> Frisch <del rend="overstrike" type="primary">schwebt</del>
weht der Wind
</l>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<del rend="overstrike">
 <gap reason="illegible" quantity="5"
  unit="character"/>
</del>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element del
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <del> (deletion)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <del> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <del> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

12. Representation of Primary Sources

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.ranging

The MS. was lost in transmission by mail from
<del rend="overstrike">
 <gap reason="illegible"
  extent="one or two letters" atLeast="1" atMost="2" unit="chars"/>
</del>
Philadelphia to the Graphic office, New York.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<l>One day I will sojourn to your shores</l>
<l>I live in the middle of England</l>
<l>But!</l>
<l>Norway! My soul resides in your watery
<del rend="overstrike">fiords fyords fiiords</del>
</l>
<l>Inlets.</l>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<l>
 <del rend="overtyped">Mein</del> Frisch <del rend="overstrike">schwebt</del> weht der Wind
</l>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<l>
 <del rend="overstrike">Inviolable</del>
 <add place="below">Inexplicable</add>
splendour of Corinthian white and gold
</l>

<gap>

<del>
 <gap atLeast="4" atMost="8" unit="chars"
  reason="illegible"/>
</del>

<del>

<l>
 <del rend="overtyped">Mein</del> Frisch <del rend="overstrike" type="primary">schwebt</del>
weht der Wind
</l>

<del>

<del rend="overstrike">
 <gap reason="illegible" quantity="5"
  unit="character"/>
</del>

<del>

<p>[...] mais il y reste quelque chose de mystérieux, de furtif. <del rend="overtyped">Je</del> On cesse un instant d'y penser; <del rend="overstrike">les </del>mes yeux se
ferment ou <del rend="overstrike">s'attardent sur </del> se détournent sur un livre... On
relève la tête: il est là </p>

<del>

<l>
 <del rend="改寫">雨</del> 風 <del rend="改寫" type="primary">飄</del> 吹來涼爽。
</l>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.1. Segmentation

<u who="#T1">
 <seg type="C">I think </seg>
 <seg type="C">this chap was writing </seg>
 <seg type="C">and he <del type="repeated">said hello</del> said </seg>
 <seg type="M">hello </seg>
 <seg type="C">and he said </seg>
 <seg type="C">I'm going to a gate
   at twenty past seven </seg>
 <seg type="C">he said </seg>
 <seg type="M">ok </seg>
 <seg type="M">right away </seg>
 <seg type="C">and so <gap extent="1 syll"/> on they went </seg>
 <seg type="C">and they were <gap extent="3 sylls"/>
   writing there </seg>
</u>

8.4.5. Speech Management

<u>
 <del type="truncation">s</del>see
<del type="repetition">you you</del> you know
<del type="falseStart">it's</del> he's crazy
</u>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

For I hate this <del rend="strikethrough" hand="#dhl">my</del> body, which is so dear to me ...

<handNote xml:id="dhl">D H Lawrence holograph</handNote>

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

The O.E.D. is not a
dictionary so much as a corpus of precedents <del hand="#RG">in the</del>:
current, obsolete, <add hand="#RG" place="above">cant,</add> cataphretic and
nonce-words are all included.

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

As for 'significant artist.' You quote the O.E.D <del>
 <add hand="#RG" place="above">for an abridgement</add>
</del> in explanation...

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

You
quote the <del>
 <add hand="#RG" place="margin">Norton</add>
</del> O.E.D...

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

... are all included. <del hand="#RG">It is</del>
<subst>
 <add>T</add>
 <del>t</del>
</subst>he expressed

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend01"/> Tis moonlight
<del>upon</del>
 <add>over</add> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend01"/>
</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend02"/> Tis moonlight
<subst>
  <del>upon</del>
  <add>over</add>
 </subst> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend02"/>
</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

One must have lived longer
with <subst>
 <del seq="1">this</del>
 <del seq="2">
  <add seq="1">such a</add>
 </del>
 <add seq="2">a</add>
</subst> system, to appreciate its advantages.

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

While <del xml:id="change1">pondering</del> thus <add xml:id="change2">she mus'd</add>, her pinions
fann'd
<substJoin target="#change1 #change2"/>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

<l>And towards our distant rest began to trudge,</l>
<l>
 <subst>
  <del>Helping the worst amongst us</del>
  <add>Dragging the worst amongt
     us</add>
 </subst>, who'd no boots
</l>
<l>But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; <subst>
  <del status="shortEnd">half-</del>
  <add>all</add>
 </subst> blind;</l>
<l>Drunk with fatigue ; deaf even to the hoots</l>
<l>Of tired, outstripped <del>fif</del> five-nines that dropped
behind.</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

One must have lived longer with <app>
 <rdg varSeq="1">
  <del>this</del>
 </rdg>
 <rdg varSeq="2">
  <del>
   <add>such a</add>
  </del>
 </rdg>
 <rdg varSeq="3">
  <add>a</add>
 </rdg>
</app> system, to appreciate its advantages.

12.3.1.6. Cancellation of Deletions and Other Markings

For I hate this <restore hand="#dhl"
 type="marginalStetNote">
 <del>my</del>
</restore> body

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

<del>This
sentence contains some <del>redundant</del> unnecessary
verbiage.</del>

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

<del>This
sentence was deleted <add>originally</add> from the
text.</del>

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

<add>This sentence was
added <del>eventually</del> to the text.</add>

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

runs out the door in <del>
 <gap extent="1 word"/>
</del> shirt

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

sum<subst>
 <del>
  <gap extent="2 characters"/>
 </del>
 <add place="inline">mo</add>
</subst>ns

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

Billy in The <del>
 <gap extent="1 character"/>ng<gap extent="2 characters"/>
</del> Silver Dollar..

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used" target="#X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications

This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
 <undo spanTo="#Xa" rend="dotted"
  change="#s3"/>just some <anchor xml:id="Xa"/> sample <undo spanTo="#Xb" rend="dotted"
  change="#s3"/>text, <anchor xml:id="Xb"/> we need
</del>
<add change="#s2">not</add> a real example.

12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications

This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
 <seg xml:id="X-a">just some</seg> sample <seg xml:id="X-b">text</seg>, we
need
</del>
<add change="#s2">not</add> a real example.

<undo target="#X-a #X-b" rend="dotted"
 change="#s3"/>

12.3.4.7. Instant Corrections

<del instant="true">T</del>
<mod type="subst">
 <del>The</del>
 <add place="above">
  <del rend="overstrike">His</del>
 </add>
</mod>
<mod type="subst">
 <del rend="overwritten">i</del>
 <add place="superimposed">I</add>
</mod>ron necklace

12.4.2. Lines

For I hate this <del rend="strikethrough" hand="#dhl">my</del> body, which is so
dear to me

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<line change="#firstStage">This is a <mod type="subst" change="#secondStage">
  <del>house</del>
  <add>mouse</add>
 </mod>.</line>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<restore>

For I hate this
<restore hand="#dhl"
 type="marginalStetNote">
 <del>my</del>
</restore> body

<subst>

... are all included. <del hand="#RG">It is</del>
<subst>
 <add>T</add>
 <del>t</del>
</subst>he expressed

<subst>

that he and his Sister Miſs D — <lb/>who always lived with him, wd. be <subst>
 <del>very</del>
 <lb/>
 <add>principally</add>
</subst> remembered in her Will.

<subst>

<ab>τ<subst>
  <add place="above">ῶν</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
συνκυρόντ<subst>
  <add place="above">ων</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
ἐργαστηρί<subst>
  <add place="above">ων</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
</ab>

<subst>

<subst>
 <del>
  <gap reason="illegible" quantity="5"
   unit="character"/>
 </del>
 <add>apple</add>
</subst>

<substJoin>

While <del xml:id="r112">pondering</del> thus <add xml:id="r113">she mus'd</add>, her pinions fann'd
<substJoin target="#r112 #r113"/>

<metamark>

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="zone-X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used"
  target="#zone-X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

<mod>

<mod type="subst">
 <add>pleasing</add>
 <del>agreable</del>
</mod>

<undo>

<line>This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
  <seg xml:id="undo-a">just some</seg>
   sample <seg xml:id="undo-b">text</seg>,
   we need</del>
 <add change="#s2">not</add>
a real example.</line>
<undo target="#undo-a #undo-b"
 rend="dotted" change="#s3"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<unclear>

<unclear> (unclear) contains a word, phrase, or passage which cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source. [12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text 3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

reason reason⚓︎
indicates why the material is hard to transcribe.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Suggested values include:

illegible

(illegible)

inaudible

(inaudible)

faded

(faded)

background_noise

(background noise)

eccentric_ductus

(eccentric ductus) indicates illegibility due to an unusual, awkward, or incompetent execution of a glyph or glyphs

<div>
 <head>Rx</head>
 <p>500 mg <unclear reason="illegible">placebo</unclear>
 </p>
</div>

Show all ⚓︎

Note

One or more words may be used to describe the reason; usually each word will refer to a single cause.

agent agent⚓︎
Where the difficulty in transcription arises from damage, categorizes the cause of the damage, if it can be identified.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

rubbing

damage results from rubbing of the leaf edges

mildew

damage results from mildew on the leaf surface

smoke

damage results from smoke

Member of

model.choicePart model.linePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The same element is used for all cases of uncertainty in the transcription of element content, whether for written or spoken material. For other aspects of certainty, uncertainty, and reliability of tagging and transcription, see chapter 22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility.

The damage, gap, del, unclear and supplied elements may be closely allied in use. See section 12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination for discussion of which element is appropriate for which circumstance.

The hand attribute points to a definition of the hand concerned, as further discussed in section 12.3.2.1. Document Hands.

Example

<u> ...and then <unclear reason="background-noise">Nathalie</unclear> said ... </u>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element unclear
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   attribute reason
   {
      list
      {
         (
            "illegible"
          | "inaudible"
          | "faded"
          | "background_noise"
          | "eccentric_ductus"
          | teidata.enumerated
         )+
      }
   }?,
   attribute agent { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <unclear> (unclear)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <unclear> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <unclear> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

8. Transcriptions of Speech

12. Representation of Primary Sources

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<lg>
 <l>Amıgas sey eu be<ex>n</ex> dunha molher</l>
 <l>Que se trabalha de uosco buscar</l>
 <l>Mal a uossamigo polo matar</l>
 <l>Mays todaquestamiga ela q<ex>ue</ex>r</l>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l>Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
 <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>E buscalhi co<ex>n</ex> uosco q<ex>ua</ex>nto mal</l>
 <l>Ela mays pode aq<ex>ue</ex>sto sei eu</l>
 <l>E todaq<ex>ue</ex>stela faz polo seu</l>
 <l>E p<ex>or</ex>este p<unclear>ẏ</unclear>te non por al</l>
 <lb/>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l rend="nobreak" part="I">Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca</l>
 <ellipsis>
  <metamark rend="nobreak"
   function="ellipsis">·:—</metamark>
  <supplied>
   <l rend="nobreak" part="F">co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
   <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
  </supplied>
 </ellipsis>
</lg>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<l>And where the sandy mountain Fenwick scald</l>
<l>
 <unclear reason="ink blot">The</unclear> sea between
yet hence his pray'r prevail'd
</l>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<p>... and then <unclear reason="passingTruck">marbled queen</unclear>...</p>

<unclear>

<div>
 <head>Rx</head>
 <p>500 mg <unclear reason="illegible">placebo</unclear>
 </p>
</div>

<unclear>

<add place="inspace">Envoyez-moi une épreuve <unclear cert="medium">W</unclear>
 <gap reason="inDéchiffrable"/>
</add>

<unclear>

and from time to time invited in like manner
his att<unclear>ention</unclear>

<unclear>

<u> ...and then <unclear reason="background-noise">Nathalie</unclear> said ... </u>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.4. Prosody

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

8.4.5. Speech Management

<u>...and then <unclear reason="passing-truck">marbled queen</unclear>
</u>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

um aldr d<unclear reason="damage">aga</unclear> yndisniota

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

um aldr d<damage agent="rubbing">
 <unclear>aga</unclear>
</damage> yndisniota

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

<damage agent="smoke">
 <unclear>and the proof of this is</unclear>
 <gap/>
 <unclear>margin</unclear>
</damage>

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

and
from time to time invited in like manner his att<unclear>ention</unclear>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.4.2. xpath()

<div xml:lang="la" type="edition"
 xml:space="preserve"><ab> <lb n="1" xml:id="line1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied> non <choice><reg>habui</reg><orig>abui</orig></choice> quidquam vaco  <lb n="2"/>si<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>b<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>    cohort<unclear>e</unclear> mi rescribas  <lb n="3"/><unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in <choice><reg>mente</reg><orig>mentem</orig></choice>    <choice><reg>habe</reg><orig>abe</orig></choice> supra res  <lb n="4"/>scriptas<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"
 unit="character"/>  <lb n="5"/>auge et opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas</ab>
</div>

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<div xml:id="BNC-d1" type="convers">
 <u xml:id="u2b" who="#b"> The first time in twenty five years,
   we've cooked Christmas <unclear> for a blooming great
     load of people.</unclear>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u3a" who="#a">So you're
 <anchor synch="#t1b" xml:id="t1a"/>
  <unclear>
   <anchor synch="#t2b" xml:id="t2a"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u3b" who="#b">
  <anchor xml:id="t1b"/>It will be <anchor xml:id="t2b"/>
   nice in a way, but, <anchor xml:id="t3b"/>
   be strange.<anchor xml:id="t4b"/>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u4a" who="#a">
  <anchor synch="#t3b" xml:id="t3a"/>Yeah
 <anchor synch="#t4b" xml:id="t4a"/>, yeah, cos it, its
 <anchor synch="#t5b" xml:id="t5a"/>the
 <anchor synch="#t6b" xml:id="t6a"/>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u4b" who="#b">
  <anchor xml:id="t5b"/>not<anchor xml:id="t6b"/>
 </u>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<u who="#a"> So you're <unclear synch="#u-b1"/>
</u>
<u who="#b">
 <seg xml:id="u-b1"> It will be </seg> nice in a way, but,
<seg synch="#u-a3"> be strange. </seg>
</u>
<u who="#a">
 <seg xml:id="u-a3"> Yeah </seg>, yeah, cos it,
its <seg synch="#u-b2"> the </seg>
</u>
<u xml:id="u-b2" who="#b"> not </u>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc01">
 <name>C. Colin Backslash</name>
 <resp>transcription</resp>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="prf01">
 <name>Erin Spelling</name>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<p>Θερινὴ τροπή
<lb/>
 <foreign xml:lang="hbo" xml:id="mp0a8"> ת
 <supplied reason="undefined">קו</supplied>
  <unclear>פ</unclear>
   ת תמוז
 </foreign>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere: -->
<respons target="#mp0a8" locus="name value"
 resp="#prf01"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<name>

<name> (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase. [3.6.1. Referring Strings]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.nameLike.agent model.personPart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp respStmt rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose setting

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msName musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Proper nouns referring to people, places, and organizations may be tagged instead with persName, placeName, or orgName, when the TEI module for names and dates is included.

Example

<name type="person">Thomas Hoccleve</name>
<name type="place">Villingaholt</name>
<name type="org">Vetus Latina Institut</name>
<name type="person" ref="#HOC001">Occleve</name>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element name
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <name> (name, proper noun)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <name> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <name> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<p> ... Their motives <emph rend="italics">might</emph> be pure
and pious; but he was equally alarmed by his knowledge of the ambitious <name rend="italics">Bohemond</name>, and his ignorance of the Transalpine chiefs:
...</p>

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<p> ... Their motives <emph style="font-style: italic">might</emph> be pure and pious; but he was equally alarmed by his knowledge of
the ambitious <name style="font-style: italic">Bohemond</name>, and his ignorance of
the Transalpine chiefs: ...</p>

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENSJ">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENSJ">
 <resp>Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

att.canonical

<author>
 <name key="Hugo, Victor (1802-1885)"
  ref="http://www.idref.fr/026927608">Victor Hugo</name>
</author>

att.canonical

<name ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/109557338"
 type="person">Seamus Heaney</name>

att.canonical

<author n="1">
 <name ref="http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/name-427308.html"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

<author n="2">
 <name ref="nzvn:427308"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

<author n="3">
 <name ref="./named_entities.xml#o427308"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

<author n="4">
 <name key="name-427308"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

att.cmc

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> geht
   in einen anderen Raum: <name type="roomname">Kreuzfahrt</name>
 </p>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="event" generatedBy="system">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A08">c_bo</name> betritt
   den Raum. </p>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 rend="color:red">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A08">c_bo</name> hat die
   Farbe gewechselt.
 </p>
</post>

att.global.responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENS1_transcriber">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENS1_transcriber">
 <resp when="2014">Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

att.scope

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en" scope="major"/>
 <language ident="es" scope="minor"/>
 <language ident="x-ww" scope="minor">An invented language the children call <name>Wikwah</name>.</language>
</langUsage>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a
   machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Two stories by Edgar Allen Poe: electronic version</title>
 <author>Poe, Edgar Allen (1809-1849)</author>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>James D. Benson</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Yogadarśanam (arthāt
   yogasūtrapūṭhaḥ):
   a digital edition.</title>
 <title>The Yogasūtras of Patañjali:
   a digital edition.</title>
 <funder>Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine</funder>
 <principal>Dominik Wujastyk</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Wieslaw Mical</name>
  <resp>data entry and proof correction</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Jan Hajic</name>
  <resp>conversion to TEI-conformant markup</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Le sanctoral du lectionnaire de l'office dominicain (1254-1256)</title>
 <funder>2008—..., École nationale des chartes</funder>
 <principal>Anne-Élisabeth Urfels-Capot</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>responsable des publications</resp>
  <name>Olivier Canteaut (École nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp> 2009—..., Éditeur électronique : du TEI à l'écran</resp>
  <name ref="vincent.jolivet@enc.sorbonne.fr">Vincent Jolivet (École nationale
     des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2009, Éditeur scientifique</resp>
  <name ref="pascale.bourgain@enc.sorbonne.fr">Pascale Bourgain (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2008, Conversion du document bureautique vers TEI</resp>
  <name ref="frederic.glorieux@enc.sorbonne.fr">Frédéric Glorieux (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>電子化</resp>
  <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.2. The Edition Statement

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Student's edition, <date>June 1987</date>
 </edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>New annotations by</resp>
  <name>George Brown</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">Students' edition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Adapted by </resp>
  <name>Elizabeth Kirk</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Deuxième édition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>réalisée par</resp>
  <name>L. F.</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">學生版</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>改編自</resp>
  <name>伊莉莎白．科克</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

2.2.5. The Series Statement

<seriesStmt>
 <title level="s">Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of
   Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Babel</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Jacques Dubois</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Hubert Nyssen</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">1140-3853</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>《印度文學研究》的電腦可讀文件</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>編者</resp>
  <name>珍．崗妲</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
</seriesStmt>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<handNote>

<handNote xml:id="fr_scribe1">Premier scribe : <name type="person">inconnu</name>
</handNote>
<handNote xml:id="fr_rubricateur1">Premier rubricateur : <name type="person">inconnu</name>
</handNote>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract>
  <list>
   <item>An annual HBC supply ship is
       set to the North West Coast for mid-September.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> writes
       to ascertain the British Government's plans
       for the lands associated with the Oregon Treaty;
       he wants to know what will happen to the HBC's
       establishment on the southern <name type="place"
     key="vancouver_island">Vancouver Island</name>.
       He adds that a former Crown grant, an 1838 exclusive
       trade-grant for the lands in question, has yet to
       expire.</item>
   <item>The minutes discuss the nature of the HBC's
       original entitlements and question whether or not,
       and in what capacity, the Oregon Treaty affects the
       HBC's position. The majority council further
       investigation, and to reply cautiously and
       judiciously to the HBC inquiry.</item>
   <item>A
       summary of a meeting with <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> is offered in
       order to elucidate the HBC's intentions.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="grey_hg">Lord Grey</name> calls
       for greater consideration on the issue of
       colonization; he asks that <name key="stephen_j">Stephen</name> write the Company,
       asking them to detail their intentions, and to
       state their legal opinion for entitlement.
   </item>
  </list>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="sent">
 <name sameAs="#author"/>
</correspAction>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="LDB">Lou Burnard</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="BZ">
  <resp>copy editing</resp>
  <name>Brett Zamir</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-02-02"
  status="public">Finished chapter 23</change>
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-01-02"
  status="draft">Finished chapter 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#LDB">Added examples to section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#MSM">Deleted chapter 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="fr_GK">G.K.</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="fr_RT">
  <resp>copie</resp>
  <name>R.T.</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<revisionDesc>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-02-02">Fin du chapitre 23</change>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-01-02">FIn du chapitre 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#fr_GK">Ajout d'exemples dans la section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#fr_MSM">Suppression du chapitre 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<l>Here Thou, great <name rendition="#italic">Anna</name>!
whom three Realms obey,</l>
<l>Doth sometimes Counsel take —
and sometimes <emph rendition="#italic">Tea</emph>.</l>
<!-- in the header ... -->
<rendition xml:id="italic" scheme="css">font-style: italic</rendition>

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr resp="#msm">dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

<!-- within the header for this document ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="msm">
 <resp>editor</resp>
 <name>C.M. Sperberg-McQueen</name>
</respStmt>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<table rows="3" cols="2">
 <head>Tent supplies</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>nylon tent</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>steel stakes</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>6</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>fiberglass poles</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <ellipsis>
    <metamark function="ellipsis">"</metamark>
    <supplied>
     <num>6</num>
    </supplied>
   </ellipsis>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr. Bennet</name>,</q> said <rs type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day,
<q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield Park</name> is let at last?</q>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<rs>His Excellency the Life President, <name>Ngwazi Dr H. Kamuzu Banda</name>
</rs>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name key="VOM1" type="person">Mme. de Volanges</name>
marie <rs key="VOM2">sa fille</rs>:
c'est encore un secret;
mais elle m'en a fait part hier.
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name key="LHR" type="airport">Heathrow</name>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_airport"
  type="airport">Heathrow</name>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:VOM1"
  type="person">Mme. de Volanges</name> marie <rs ref="tag:theworksoflaclos.org,2012:VOM2">sa fille</rs>: c'est encore un secret;
mais elle m'en a fait part hier.
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:WADLM1"
  type="person">
  <choice>
   <orig>Walter de la Mare</orig>
   <reg>de la Mare, Walter</reg>
  </choice>
 </name>
was born at <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Ch1"
  type="place">Charlton</name>, in
<name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:KT1"
  type="county">Kent</name>, in 1873.
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name type="place">Montaillou</name> is not a large parish.
At the time of the events which led to
<name type="person">Fournier<index>
   <term>Benedict XII, Pope of Avignon (Jacques Fournier)</term>
  </index>
 </name>'s
investigations, the local population consisted of between 200 and 250 inhabitants.
</p>

<name>

<name type="person">Thomas Hoccleve</name>
<name type="place">Villingaholt</name>
<name type="org">Vetus Latina Institut</name>
<name type="person" ref="#HOC001">Occleve</name>

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <name type="city">Oxford</name>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <name type="country">United Kingdom</name>
</address>

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <name type="org">Università di Bologna</name>
 <name type="country">Italy</name>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <name type="city">Bologna</name>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <name>Bologna</name>
 <name>Italy</name>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>邯郸路220号</street>
 <postCode>200433</postCode>
 <name>上海市</name>
 <name n="I">中華人民共和國</name>
</address>

<street>

<street>皇后大道東123號<name>灣仔大廈</name>
</street>

<street>

<street>
 <name>Duntaggin</name>, 110 Southmoor Road
</street>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH-1">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH-1">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl type="article"
 subtype="magazine_article" xml:id="beaupaire_1911">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Beaupaire</surname>
     (<forename>Edmond</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">A propos de la rue de la Femme-sans-Tête</title>,
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="j">La Cité</title>,
 <date when="1911-01">janvier 1911</date>, pp. <biblScope unit="page" from="5" to="17">5-17</biblScope>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<series>

<series xml:lang="de">
 <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
  <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
  <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
 </respStmt>
 <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
 <biblScope>Band 11</biblScope>
</series>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Proceedings of a workshop on corpus resources</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Programme Organizer</resp>
   <name>Geoffrey Leech</name>
  </respStmt>
  <meeting>DTI Speech and Language Technology Club meeting, 3-4
     January 1990, Wadham College, Oxford</meeting>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>converti en langage SGML</resp>
 <name>Alan Morrison</name>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>轉換成SGML編碼</resp>
 <name>許雁</name>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>converted to XML encoding</resp>
 <name>Alan Morrison</name>
</respStmt>

<resp>

<respStmt>
 <resp ref="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/com.html">compiler</resp>
 <name>Edward Child</name>
</respStmt>

<resp>

<respStmt>
 <resp>compilateur</resp>
 <name>Edward Child</name>
</respStmt>

<resp>

<respStmt>
 <resp>編輯</resp>
 <name>林偉</name>
</respStmt>

<bibl>

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<lg type="sonnet">
 <lg type="octet">
  <l>Thus speaks the Muse, and bends her brow severe:—</l>
  <l>“Did I, <name>Lætitia</name>, lend my choicest lays,</l>
  <l>And crown thy youthful head with freshest bays,</l>
  <l>That all the' expectance of thy full-grown year</l>
  <l>Should lie inert and fruitless? O revere</l>
  <l>Those sacred gifts whose meed is deathless praise,</l>
  <l>Whose potent charms the' enraptured soul can raise</l>
  <l>Far from the vapours of this earthly sphere!</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="sestet">
  <l>Seize, seize the lyre! resume the lofty strain!</l>
  <l>'T is time, 't is time! hark how the nations round</l>
  <l>With jocund notes of liberty resound,—</l>
  <l>And thy own <name>Corsica</name> has burst her chain!</l>
  <l>O let the song to <name>Britain's</name> shores rebound,</l>
  <l rend="indent(-1)">Where Freedom's once-loved voice is heard,
     alas! in vain.”</l>
 </lg>
</lg>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<l>Thou fumblest <name>Eros</name>, and my Queenes a Squire</l>
<l>More tight at this, then thou: Dispatch. O Loue,</l>
<l>That thou couldst see my Warres to day, and knew'st</l>
<l>The Royall Occupation, thou should'st see</l>
<l part="I">A Workeman in't.</l>
<stage>Enter an Armed Soldier.</stage>
<l part="F">Good morrow to thee, welcome.</l>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<stage>Enter two Centinels.
<add place="margin">Now call'd <name xml:id="barnardo">Bernardo</name> &amp;
 <name xml:id="francisco">Francesco</name>.</add>
</stage>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Stand: who is that?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Tis I.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l>O you come most carefully vpon your watch,</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l>And if you meete Marcellus and Horatio,</l>
 <l>The partners of my watch, bid them make haste.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I will: See who goes there.</l>
</sp>
<stage>Enter Horatio and Marcellus.</stage>

<stage>

<stage type="setting">La scène est dans une place de ville.</stage>
<stage type="exit">, s'en allant.</stage>
<stage type="business">(Arnolphe ôte par trois fois le chapeau de dessus la tête d'Alain.)</stage>
<stage type="delivery">, à <name>Georgette</name>.</stage>
<stage type="setting">(Tous étant rentrés.)</stage>
<stage type="delivery">, riant.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">, lui montrant le logis d'<name>AGNÈS</name>.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">, à part.</stage>
<stage type="business">(Frappant à la porte.)</stage>
<stage type="delivery">, assis.</stage>
<stage type="business">(Il se lève.)</stage>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Et, sur cet océan bourdonnant de mille vaguelettes, se leva l'armée caressante et si
   tendre des merveilleuses sirènes blondes aux seins durs comme ça. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Thionne-Paris</name>, <date>1950-1951.</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place"> à Paris </name>, <date>le 2 septembre 1769</date>
 </dateline>
</opener>
<p>Mais non, ma bonne amie, vous n' aviez pas raison de vous plaindre... </p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">杭州西湖</name>
  <date>2008年4月1日</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>親愛的小張：</salute>
</opener>
<p>很抱歉，我今天有事無法赴約，希望您能諒解...</p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">Great Marlborough Street</name>
  <date>November 11, 1848</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>My dear Sir,</salute>
</opener>
<p>I am sorry to say that absence from town and other circumstances have prevented me from
earlier enquiring...</p>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Voilà, cher Rhedi, ce que j' appelle le droit public. Voilà le droit des gens, ou
   plutôt celui de la raison. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">à Paris </name>, <date>le 4 de la lune de Zilhagé, 1716. </date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<signed>

<signed>Thine to command <name>Humph. Moseley</name>
</signed>

<signed>

<signed>votre fidèle amante, <name>Manon Lescaut.</name>
</signed>

<signed>

<signed>
 <name>李敖</name>，于台北。

</signed>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1911-03-26">辛亥三月二十六</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>意映卿卿如晤：</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>吾今以此書與汝永別矣！吾作此書，淚珠和筆墨齊下，不能竟書，而欲擱筆！又恐汝不察吾衷，謂吾忍舍汝而死，謂吾不知汝之不欲吾死也，故遂忍悲為汝言之。...</p>
 <closer>
  <signed>夜四鼓<name>意洞</name>手書</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
Printed for <name>E. Nutt</name>,
at
<pubPlace>Royal Exchange</pubPlace>;
<name>J. Roberts</name> in
<pubPlace>wick-Lane</pubPlace>;
<name>A. Dodd</name> without
<pubPlace>Temple-Bar</pubPlace>;
and <name>J. Graves</name> in
<pubPlace>St. James's-street.</pubPlace>
 <date>1722.</date>
</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
Printed for <name>E. Nutt</name>,
at
<pubPlace>Royal Exchange</pubPlace>;
<name>J. Roberts</name> in
<pubPlace>wick-Lane</pubPlace>;
<name>A. Dodd</name> without
<pubPlace>Temple-Bar</pubPlace>;
and <name>J. Graves</name> in
<pubPlace>St. James's-street.</pubPlace>
 <date>1722.</date>
</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>PARIS</pubPlace>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
<pubPlace>Place de la Bourse</pubPlace>
</docImprint>
<docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <date>1995</date>年初版發行於<pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>：<pubPlace>麥田出版</pubPlace>，<name>王德威</name>主編 ; 另外亦出版於<pubPlace>香港</pubPlace>： <pubPlace>城邦</pubPlace>; <pubPlace>馬來西亞</pubPlace>：<pubPlace>城邦</pubPlace>。
</docImprint>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p>Tant qu'il existera, par le fait des lois et des moeurs, une
     damnation sociale créant artificiellement, en pleine civilisation,
     des enfers, et compliquant d'une fatalité humaine la destinée qui
     est divine ; tant que les trois problèmes du siècle, la dégradation
     de l'homme par le prolétariat, la déchéance de la femme par la faim,
     l'atrophie de l'enfant par la nuit, ne seront pas résolus; tant que,
     dans certaines régions, l'asphyxie sociale sera possible; en
     d'autres termes, et à un point de vue plus étendu encore, tant qu'il
     aura sur la terre ignorance et misère, des livres de la nature de
     celui-ci pourront ne pas être inutiles.</p>
  <closer>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Hauteville-House</name>
    <date>1er janvier 1862</date>
   </dateline>
  </closer>
 </div>
</front>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="letter">
  <head>A letter written to his wife, founde with this booke
     after his death.</head>
  <p>The remembrance of the many wrongs offred thee, and thy
     unreproued vertues, adde greater sorrow to my miserable state,
     than I can utter or thou conceiue. ...
     ... yet trust I in the world to come to find mercie, by the
     merites of my Saiuour to whom I commend thee, and commit
     my soule.</p>
  <signed>Thy repentant husband for his disloyaltie,
  <name>Robert Greene.</name>
  </signed>
  <epigraph xml:lang="la">
   <p>Faelicem fuisse infaustum</p>
  </epigraph>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </div>
</back>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="corrigenda">
  <head>Addenda</head>
  <salute xml:lang="la">M. Scriblerus Lectori</salute>
  <p>Once more, gentle reader I appeal unto thee, from the shameful
     ignorance of the Editor, by whom Our own Specimen of
  <name>Virgil</name> hath been mangled in such miserable manner, that
     scarce without tears can we behold it. At the very entrance, Instead
     of <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγομενα</q>, lo!
  <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγωμενα</q> with an Omega!
     and in the same line <q xml:lang="la">consulâs</q> with a circumflex!
     In the next page thou findest <q xml:lang="la">leviter perlabere</q>,
     which his ignorance took to be the infinitive mood of
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabor</q> but ought to be
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabi</q> ... Wipe away all these
     monsters, Reader, with thy quill.</p>
 </div>
</back>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<front>
 <prologue>
  <head>Prologue, spoken by <name>Mr. Hart</name>
  </head>
  <l>Poets like Cudgel'd Bullys, never do</l>
  <l>At first, or second blow, submit to you;</l>
  <l>But will provoke you still, and ne're have done,</l>
  <l>Till you are weary first, with laying on:</l>
  <l>We patiently you see, give up to you,</l>
  <l>Our Poets, Virgins, nay our Matrons too.</l>
 </prologue>
 <castList>
  <head>The Persons</head>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <head>The SCENE</head>
  <p>London</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name>
   and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage>Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name> and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="triplet">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage type="business">Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <p>La Machine Infernale a été
   représentée pour la première fois au
 <rs type="place-theatre">théâtre Louis-Jouvet</rs>
  <rs type="place-theatre">(Comédie des
     Champs-élysées)</rs>
  <date>le 10 avril 1934</date>,
   avec les décors et les costumes de
 <name>Christian Bérard.</name> ... </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Gateway Theatre, Edinburgh</rs>, <date>6 September 1948</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Anath Bithiah</role>
    <actor>Athene Seyler</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Shendi</role>
    <actor>Robert Rietty</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Directed by <name>E. Martin Browne</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Théâtre national du Petit-Odéon, Paris</rs>, <date>du 10 Décembre 1974
     au 12 Janvier 1975</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Paul Valéry</role>
    <actor>Michel Duchaussoy</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Joseph</role>
    <actor>Gérad Caillaud</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>M. Teste</role>
    <actor>Pierre Dux</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Mme Teste</role>
    <actor>Claude Winter</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>L'abbé Mosson</role>
    <actor>Jacques Toja</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Adaptation et mise en scène de <name>Pierre Franck</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">新竹市文化局演藝廳</rs>, <date>2008年3月14日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉福春</role>
    <actor>陳忠義</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉麗月</role>
    <actor>陳慧如</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>監製： <name>李永得</name>
 </p>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<performance>
 <p>The first performance in Great Britain of <title>Waiting for
     Godot</title> was given at the Arts Theatre, London, on
 <date when="1955-08-03">3rd August 1955</date>. It was directed by
 <name>Peter Hall</name>, and the décor was by <name>Peter
     Snow</name>. The cast was as follows:</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>Estragon: Peter Woodthorpe</castItem>
  <castItem>Vladimir: Paul Daneman</castItem>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<view>Ext. TV control van—Early morning.
The <name>T.V. announcer</name> from the Ryan interview
stands near the Control Van, the lake in b.g.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>T.V. Announcer</speaker>
 <p>Several years ago, Jack Ryan was a highly
   successful hydroplane racer ...</p>
</sp>

<view>

<view>
 <name>Max</name> joins his daughter
at the window. <hi>Rain</hi> sprays his
face--
</view>
<view>
 <camera>Max's POV</camera> He sees occasional
windows open, and just across from his apartment
house, a <hi>man</hi> opens the front door of
a brownstone--
</view>

<view>

<view>
 <name>馬克思</name>隨他女兒到窗邊。<hi>雨水</hi> 打在他臉上--
</view>
<view>
 <camera>馬克思的視點</camera> 他看見一些打開的窗戶，而就在他公寓對面，有一個<hi>男子</hi> 正打開富麗堂皇的大門。--
</view>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>Radio Trent</author>
  <title>Gone Tomorrow</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Presenter</resp>
   <name>Tim Maby</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Producer</resp>
   <name>Mary Kerr</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">12 June 89, 1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>中國廣播公司</author>
  <title>司馬中原說鬼故事</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>司馬中原</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>常勤芬</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">1989年6月12日1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#SYSTEM" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" ref="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Iron Man 3 in 3D (Official Trailer German) Parodie</title>
  <respStmt>
   <name type="user">DieAussenseiter</name>
   <resp>posted video, created page</resp>
  </respStmt>
  <distributor>YouTube</distributor>
  <ptr type="url"
   target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WU_3-0UpU"/>
  <series>
   <title>DieAussenseiter’s Channel</title>
   <ptr target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCKn1vL4Ou4DKu0BlcK3NlDQ"/>
  </series>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.3. Documenting the Sampling of CMC data

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Sampled using the <name type="API">Twitter Filtered stream v2-API</name> (see <ptr type="APIdoc"
   target="https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/filtered-stream/api-reference/get-tweets-search-stream"/>) Filtered for the German language and the following countries: Germany, Austria,
   Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, and Luxembourg. Downloaded on <date when="2022-12-12">Mon 12 Dec 22</date> using the command
 <code>requests.get("https://api.twitter.com/2/tweets/search/stream",
     headers=headers, params=params, stream=True,)</code> in the python script <name type="script">collectFilteredTwitterStream.py</name>. </p>
</samplingDecl>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black" synch="#f2213001.t007"
 type="standard" who="#f2213001.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001.A04" type="NICK">
  <w lemma="Konstanze" pos="NE"
   xml:id="f2213001.m27.t1">Konstanze</w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
 <name ref="#f2213001.A03" type="NICK">
  <w lemma="Nasenloch" pos="NN">nasenloch</w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="die" pos="ART">den</w>
 <w lemma="Wunsch" pos="NN">wunsch</w>
 <w lemma="zu" pos="PTKZU">zu</w>
 <w lemma="erfüllen" pos="VVINF">erfüllen</w>
<!-- ... -->
</post>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001a.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001a.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001a.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001a.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_FEMALE-PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A03" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NN">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="die" pos="ART">den</w>
 <w lemma="Wunsch" pos="NN">wunsch</w>
 <w lemma="zu" pos="PTKZU">zu</w>
 <w lemma="erfüllen" pos="VVINF">erfüllen</w>
<!-- ... -->
</post>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001p.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001p.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001p.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001p.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001p.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="pseudonymization"
    unit="token" quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="pseudonymization">Kornelia</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
<!-- the rest of the post -->
</post>

<post>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="system">
  <persName>system</persName>
 </person>
<!-- ... -->
</listPerson>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="event" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A02" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> hechtet zum Steuer </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A03" rend="color:green">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">schwank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
<!-- ... -->
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW">seekrank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
 </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A02" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="acronym">lol</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w> ... </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" rend="color:black">
 <p>
  <phr type="AKW">
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
   <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> einen fallschirm <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">umbind</w>
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  </phr>
 </p>
</post>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

11.3.6. Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

<name type="person">Thomas Hoccleve</name>
<name type="place">Villingaholt</name>
<name type="org">Vetus Latina Institut</name>
<name type="person" ref="#HOC001">Occleve</name>

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

11.6.2. Authors and Titles

<author>Diogenes Laertius</author>
<respStmt>
 <resp>in the translation of</resp>
 <name>Ambrogio Traversari</name>
</respStmt>

11.6.2. Authors and Titles

<title type="supplied">Sermons on the Epistles and the Gospels</title>
<respStmt>
 <resp>here erroneously attributed to</resp>
 <name>St. Bonaventura</name>
</respStmt>

11.7.3.2. Seals

<sealDesc>
 <seal n="1" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>Round seal of <name>Anders Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         930</ref>
   </bibl>. Parchment tag, on which is written: <quote>pertinere nos
       predictorum placiti nostri iusticarii precessorum dif</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
 <seal n="2" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         1061</ref>
   </bibl>. Legend: <quote>S IOHANNES OLAVI</quote>. Parchment tag on
     which is written: <quote>Woldorp Iohanne G</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

<condition>

<condition>
 <p>There are lacunae in three places in this
   manuscript. After 14v two
   leaves has been cut out and narrow strips leaves remains in the spine. After
   68v one gathering is missing and after 101v at least one gathering of 8 leaves
   has been lost. </p>
 <p>Several leaves are damaged with tears or holes or have a
   irregular shape. Some of the damages do not allow the lines to be of full
   length and they are apparently older than the script. There are tears on fol.
   2r-v, 9r-v, 10r-v, 15r-18v, 19r-v, 20r-22v, 23r-v, 24r-28v, 30r-v, 32r-35v,
   37r-v, 38r-v, 40r-43v, 45r-47v, 49r-v, 51r-v, 53r-60v, 67r-v, 68r-v, 70r-v,
   74r-80v, 82r-v, 86r-v, 88r-v, 89r-v, 95r-v, 97r-98v 99r-v, 100r-v. On fol. 98
   the corner has been torn off. Several leaves are in a bad condition due to
   moist and wear, and have become dark, bleached or
   wrinkled. </p>
 <p>The script has been
   touched up in the 17th century with black ink. The touching up on the following
   fols. was done by
 <name>Bishop Brynjólf Sveinsson</name>: 1v, 3r, 4r, 5r,
   6v, 8v,9r, 10r, 14r, 14v, 22r,30v, 36r-52v, 72v, 77r,78r,103r, 104r,. An
   AM-note says according to the lawman
 <name>Sigurður Björnsson</name> that the rest of the
   touching up was done by himself and another lawman
 <name>Sigurður Jónsson</name>.
 <name>Sigurður Björnsson</name> did the touching up
   on the following fols.: 46v, 47r, 48r, 49r-v, 50r, 52r-v.
 <name>Sigurður Jónsson</name> did the rest of the
   touching up in the section 36r-59r containing
 <title>Bretasögur</title>
 </p>
</condition>

<seal>

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax.
   (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S IOHANNES OLAVI</q>.
   Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

<seal>

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax. (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S
     IOHANNES OLAVI</q>. Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

<seal>

<seal>
 <p>清<name>乾隆</name>皇帝的「古稀天子之寶」玉璽，是選用整塊碧玉琢製而成，印面以正方形，雙龍鈕繫黃條，印面琢三行六字篆書，為乾隆年登70歲之印。</p>
</seal>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>Durham</origPlace> during <origDate notBefore="1125"
    notAfter="1175">the mid-twelfth
       century</origDate>.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval catalogues of the books belonging to
  <name type="org">Durham Priory</name>, made in <date>1391</date> and
  <date>1405</date>.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to <name type="person">W. Olleyf</name> by <name type="person">William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)</name> and later belonged to
  <name type="person">Henry Dalton</name>, Prior of Holy Island (<name type="place">Lindisfarne</name>) according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to <name type="org">Trinity College</name> in
  <date>1738</date> by <name type="person">Thomas Gale</name> and his son <name type="person">Roger</name>.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin notBefore="1225" notAfter="1275"> Written in Spain or Portugal in the
   middle of the 13th century (the date 1042, given in a marginal note on f. 97v,
   cannot be correct.)</origin>
 <provenance>The Spanish scholar <name type="person">Benito Arias Montano</name>
   (1527-1598) has written his name on f. 97r, and may be presumed to have owned
   the manuscript. </provenance>
 <provenance>It came somehow into the possession of <foreign xml:lang="da">etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Holger Parsberg</name> (1636-1692), who has written his name
   twice, once on the front pastedown and once on f. 1r, the former dated
 <date>1680</date> and the latter <date>1682</date>.</provenance>
 <provenance>Following Parsberg's death the manuscript was bought by
 <foreign>etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Jens Rosenkrantz</name> (1640-1695) when Parsberg's library
   was auctioned off (23 October 1693).</provenance>
 <acquisition notBefore="1696"
  notAfter="1697">The manuscript was acquired by
   Árni Magnússon from the estate of Jens Rosenkrantz, presumably at auction (the
   auction lot number 468 is written in red chalk on the flyleaf), either in 1696
   or 97.</acquisition>
</history>

<origin>

<origin notBefore="1802" notAfter="1845"
 evidence="internal" resp="#AMH">Copied in <name type="origPlace">Derby</name>, probably from an
old Flemish original, between 1802 and 1845, according to <persName xml:id="AMH">Anne-Mette Hansen</persName>.
</origin>

<origin>

<origin notBefore="1802" notAfter="1845"
 evidence="internal" resp="#fr_AMH"> Copied in <name type="origPlace">Derby</name>, probably from an old Flemish original, between 1802 and
1845, according to <persName xml:id="fr_AMH">Anne-Mette Hansen</persName>.</origin>

<origin>

<origin notBefore="1802" notAfter="1845"
 evidence="internal" resp="#zh-tw_HDM">抄寫於 <name type="origPlace">印度</name>，可能源自巴利文，時間介於1802至1845年間，由<persName xml:id="zh-tw_HDM">黃大鳴</persName>提供。</origin>

<acquisition>

<acquisition>Left to the <name type="place">Bodleian</name> by
<name type="person">Richard Rawlinson</name> in 1755.
</acquisition>

<acquisition>

<acquisition>Left to the <name type="place">Bodleian</name> by<name type="person">Richard
   Rawlinson</name> in 1755.</acquisition>

<acquisition>

<acquisition>1998年9 月30 日，<name type="institution">CBETA</name> 與<name type="institution">日本大藏出版株式會社</name>簽約授權使用。</acquisition>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<change when="2005-03-10">On 10 March 2005 <name>MJD</name> added provenance
information</change>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research
     by P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor)
   checked examples against DTD version 3.6
 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#fr_IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research by
     P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor) checked examples against DTD version
   3.6 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>源自<ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref>及P.M.W.羅賓森的附加研究。</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (編輯) 檢查不符DTD 3.6版本的範例</change>
</recordHist>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<respStmt xml:id="mp">
 <resp>Editorial emendations</resp>
 <name>Malcom Parkes</name>
</respStmt>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<!-- somewhere in the header ... --><name xml:id="ETD">E Talbot Donaldson</name>
<!-- ... --> And of so parfit wis a <choice>
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr resp="#ETD" cert="medium">wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<add place="above" resp="#FB" hand="#WJ">But</add>
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr resp="#FB">one</corr>
</choice> must have lived ...
<!-- elsewhere -->
<respStmt xml:id="FB">
 <resp>editorial changes</resp>
 <name>Fredson Bowers</name>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="WJ">
 <resp>authorial changes</resp>
 <name>William James</name>
</respStmt>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.1. Linking Names and Their Referents

That silly man <name role="politician" type="person">David Paul Brown</name>
has suffered ...

14.1.1. Linking Names and Their Referents

That silly man <name ref="#DPB1" type="person">David Paul Brown</name> has
suffered ...

14.1.1. Linking Names and Their Referents

That silly man <name ref="http://www.example.com/personography.xml#DPB1"
 type="person">David Paul Brown</name> has suffered ...

14.1.1. Linking Names and Their Referents

That wretched pair <name ref="#DPB1 #EBB1" type="person">the Browns</name> came
to dine ...

14.1.1. Linking Names and Their Referents

I never fly from <name key="LHR" type="place">Heathrow Airport</name> to
<name key="FR" type="place">France</name>

14.2.1. Personal Names

That silly man <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DPB1"
 type="person">
 <name>David Paul Brown</name>
</rs> has suffered ...

14.2.1. Personal Names

That silly man <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DPB1"
 type="person">David Paul Brown</name> has suffered ...

14.2.2. Organizational Names

About a year back, a question of considerable interest
was agitated in the <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PAS1"
 type="org">
 <name>Pennsyla. Abolition Society</name>
</rs>.

14.2.2. Organizational Names

About a year back, a question of considerable interest was agitated in the
<name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PAS1"
 type="org">Pennsyla. Abolition Society</name>.

14.2.2. Organizational Names

THE TICKET which you will
receive herewith has been formed by the <orgName>Democratic Whig <name type="role">party</name>
</orgName> after the most careful deliberation, with a reference to all the great objects of NATIONAL, STATE, COUNTY and
CITY concern, and with a single eye to the <hi>Welfare and Best Interests of the Community</hi>.

14.2.2. Organizational Names

<orgName>
 <orgName>Department of Modern History</orgName>
 <orgName>
  <name type="city">Glasgow</name>
  <name type="role">University</name>
 </orgName>
</orgName>

14.2.3. Place Names

After spending some time in our <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1"
 type="place">modern <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:BA1"
  type="place">Babylon</name>
</rs>, <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1"
 type="place">New York</name>, I have proceeded to the <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PH1"
 type="place">City of Brotherly Love</rs>.

14.2.3.2. Geographic Names

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:MIRI1"
 type="river">
 <name>Mississippi</name>
 <geogFeat>River</geogFeat>
</geogName>

14.2.3.2. Geographic Names

The isolated ridge separates two great corridors which run from <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GLCO1"
 type="place">Glencoe</name> into <geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GLET1"
 type="glen">
 <geogFeat>Glen</geogFeat>
 <name>Etive</name>
</geogName>, the <geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAGA1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Gartain</name>
</geogName> and the
<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NRPA1">
 <offset>near the top of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

<offset>

<placeName key="NRPA1">
 <offset>50 metres below the summit of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

<geogName>

<geogName>
 <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
 <name>Sinai</name>
</geogName>

<geogName>

<geogName>
 <geogFeat>Dune</geogFeat>du <name>Pilat</name>
</geogName>

<geogName>

<geogName>
 <geogFeat>山峰</geogFeat>
 <name>廬山</name>
</geogName>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<state type="office" from="1777-04-07"
 to="1780-07-12">
 <p>Jón's first living — which he apparently accepted rather reluctantly — was at <name type="place">Háls í
     Hamarsfirði</name>, <name type="place">Múlasýsla</name>, to which he was presented on 7 April 1777. He was
   ordained the following month and spent three years at Háls, but was never happy there, due largely to the general
   penury in which he was forced to live — a recurrent theme throughout the early part of his life. In June of 1780
   the bishop recommended that Jón should <q xml:lang="da">promoveres til andet bedre kald, end det hand hidindtil
     har havt</q>, and on 12 July it was agreed that he should exchange livings with <name type="person"
   ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:ThorJon">sr. Þórður Jónsson</name> at <name type="place">Kálfafell á Síðu</name>,
 <name type="place">Skaftafellssýsla</name>.</p>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.15, p. 733.</bibl>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.17, p.
   102.</bibl>
</state>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<event type="birth" resp="#XYZ" cert="high">
 <p>Born in <name type="place">Brixton</name> on 8 January
   1947.</p>
</event>
<event type="birth" resp="#ABC" cert="low">
 <p>Born in <name type="place">Berkhamsted</name> on 9 January
   1947.</p>
</event>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<p>The TEI institutional hosts are: <listOrg>
  <org xml:id="bu">
   <orgName>Brown University</orgName>
   <desc>The host contribution is made jointly by the <name type="project">Brown University Women Writers
         Project</name> and the <orgName>Brown University Library's Center for Digital Initiatives</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="na">
   <orgName>Nancy</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by a group of institutions located in Nancy, France, coordinated by
   <orgName>Loria</orgName> and also including <orgName>ATILF</orgName> and <orgName>INIST</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="ou">
   <orgName>Oxford University</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by the <orgName>Research Technologies Service</orgName> at <orgName>Oxford University
         Computing Services</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="uv">
   <orgName>University of Virginia</orgName>
   <desc>Virginia's host support comes jointly from the <orgName>Institute for Advanced Technology in the
         Humanities</orgName> and the <orgName>University of Virginia Library</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
 </listOrg>
</p>

<affiliation>

<affiliation>Junior project officer for the US <name type="org">National Endowment for
   the Humanities</name>
</affiliation>

<affiliation>

<affiliation>associé étranger de <name type="org">l'Académie des Inscriptions et
   Belles-Lettres</name>
</affiliation>
<affiliation notAfter="1960-01-01"
 notBefore="1957-02-28">Chargé de cours, puis professeur
d’archéologie (1949-1981) et doyen (1958-1961) <orgName>à la Faculté des lettres
   d’Ankara</orgName>.</affiliation>

<affiliation>

<affiliation>
 <name type="org">國際獅子會</name>台灣區理監事

</affiliation>
<affiliation notAfter="1960-01-01"
 notBefore="1957-02-28">
 <orgName>澳洲記者協會</orgName>的付費會員
</affiliation>

<birth>

<birth when="1901-01-16"> Elle est née le<date> 16 janvier 1901</date> à <name type="place">Louvres</name>, alors commune de <name type="place">Seine-et-Oise</name> (aujourd'hui
dans le <name type="place">Val-d'Oise</name>), au nord-ouest de l'actuel aéroport de<name type="place"> Roissy</name>. </birth>

<birth>

<birth when="1960-12-10">
 <date>1960年12月10日</date>早晨，在一個靠近<name type="place">龍山寺</name>的小平房裡
</birth>

<birth>

<birth when="1960-12-10">In a small cottage near <name type="place">Aix-la-Chapelle</name>,
early in the morning of <date>10 Dec 1960</date>
</birth>

<death>

<death when="1960-12-10">在<name type="place">北大教堂</name>附近死於腦性麻痺</death>

<death>

<death when="1960-12-10">Passed away near <name type="place">Aix-la-Chapelle</name>, after suffering from cerebral palsy. </death>

<education>

<education from="1986-01-01"
 to="1990-06-30">Attended <name>Cherwell School</name>
</education>

<education>

<education>quitte l'école à 16 ans</education>
<education notBefore="1986-01-01"
 notAfter="1990-06-30">intègre la <name>Cherwell School</name>
</education>

<education>

<education>16歲離開學校</education>
<education notBefore="1986-01-01"
 notAfter="1990-06-30">就讀<name>清華大學</name>
</education>

<org>

<org xml:id="JAMs">
 <orgName>Justified Ancients of Mummu</orgName>
 <desc>An underground anarchist collective spearheaded by
 <persName>Hagbard Celine</persName>, who fight the Illuminati
   from a golden submarine, the <name>Leif Ericson</name>
 </desc>
 <bibl>
  <author>Robert Shea</author>
  <author>Robert Anton Wilson</author>
  <title>The Illuminatus! Trilogy</title>
 </bibl>
</org>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
 <listEvent>
  <event when="1713"
   ref="https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832/2">
   <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
<!-- The following example presupposes that the editors of the TEI document decided to understand legislation or a treaty as an <gi>event</gi>, which itself may be considered a shortcut for several events that led up to the existence or validity of the law or treaty (e.g. the signing of a treaty could also be modeled as an event, and the result on paper could be encoded as an <gi>object</gi> or <gi>bibl</gi>). -->
   <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay Company</orgName> territories in
   <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>, <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and
       recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
       North American possessions, including
   <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName>
       (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward Island</placeName>)...</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
   <label>Quebec Act</label>
   <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith and restored use of the
       French Civil Code for private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been expanded in territory
       following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
   <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
   <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty
       between the newly formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this case, the
   <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
</standOff>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

...<name nymRef="#B1 #M1">Bogomil</name>...

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd" nymRef="#LAIRG">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName> ... <nym xml:id="LAIRG">
 <form xml:lang="gd">lairig</form>
 <def>sloping hill face</def>
</nym> ...

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Wyoming</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>453,588</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Alaska</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>550,043</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Montana</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>799,065</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Rhode Island</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1,003,464</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

16. Language Corpora

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<particDesc>
 <p>The chief speaking characters in this novel are
 <list>
   <item xml:id="EMWOO">
    <name>Emma Woodhouse</name>
   </item>
   <item xml:id="DARCY">
    <name>Mr Darcy</name>
   </item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</particDesc>

16.2.3. The Setting Description

<settingDesc>
 <setting who="#p1 #p2">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>rug of a suburban home</locale>
  <activity>playing</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p3">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>at the sink</locale>
  <activity>washing-up</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p4">
  <name type="place">London, UK</name>
  <time>unknown</time>
  <locale>broadcasting studio</locale>
  <activity>radio performance</activity>
 </setting>
</settingDesc>

<setting>

<setting>
 <name> Clermont-Ferrand</name>
 <date>Mi-décembre</date>
 <locale>Ceyrat</locale>
 <activity>mise en marche de la voiture</activity>
</setting>

<setting>

<setting>
 <name>台灣，台北</name>
 <date>1970</date>
 <locale>-新公園的長凳上</locale>
 <activity>躺臥</activity>
</setting>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

<name ref="../../references/people/personography.xml#fred">Fred</name>

17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

<name key="fred">Fred</name>

17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

<name ref="psn:fred">Fred</name>

17.5.1. Correspondence

<title xml:id="SHIRLEY">Shirley</title>, which made
its Friday night debut only a month ago, was
not listed on <name xml:id="NBC">NBC</name>'s new schedule,
although <seg corresp="#NBC" xml:id="NETWORK">the network</seg>
says <seg corresp="#SHIRLEY" xml:id="SHOW">the show</seg>
still is being considered.

17.5.1. Correspondence

<title xml:id="shirley">Shirley</title>, which made
its Friday night debut only a month ago, was not
listed on <name xml:id="nbc">NBC</name>'s new schedule,
although <seg xml:id="network">the network</seg> says
<seg xml:id="show">the show</seg> still is being considered.

<linkGrp type="anaphoric_link"
 targFunc="antecedent anaphor">
 <link target="#shirley #show"/>
 <link target="#nbc #network"/>
</linkGrp>

17.7. Aggregation

<text xml:id="zuitxt">
 <body>
  <p>
   <name xml:id="zuigan">Zui-Gan</name> called out to himself every day,
  <q next="#zuiq2" xml:id="zuiq1"
    who="#zuigan">
    <name xml:id="master">Master</name>.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Then he answered himself,
  <q next="#zuiq4" xml:id="zuiq2"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>And then he added,
  <q next="#zuiq5" xml:id="zuiq3"
    who="#master">Become sober.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Again he answered,
  <q next="#zuiq7" xml:id="zuiq4"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q next="#zuiq6" xml:id="zuiq5"
    who="#master">And after that,</q>
     he continued,
  <q xml:id="zuiq6" who="#master">do not be deceived by others.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q xml:id="zuiq7" who="#zuigan">Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q>
     he replied.</p>
 </body>
</text>

17.8. Alternation

<s>Let's go to
<name exclude="#mayn" xml:id="mayd">May</name>
 <date copyOf="#mayd" exclude="#mayd"
  xml:id="mayn"/>.</s>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName xml:id="CE-p1a">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-p1b">Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM"
 target="#CE-p1a #CE-p1b">It
is not clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. If the latter,
it should be tagged as a personal name. -<name xml:id="MSM">Michael</name>
</note>

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc01">
 <name>C. Colin Backslash</name>
 <resp>transcription</resp>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="prf01">
 <name>Erin Spelling</name>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<p>Θερινὴ τροπή
<lb/>
 <foreign xml:lang="hbo" xml:id="mp0a8"> ת
 <supplied reason="undefined">קו</supplied>
  <unclear>פ</unclear>
   ת תמוז
 </foreign>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere: -->
<respons target="#mp0a8" locus="name value"
 resp="#prf01"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<rs>

<rs> (referencing string) contains a general purpose name or referring string. [14.2.1. Personal Names 3.6.1. Referring Strings]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.nameLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msName musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<q>My dear <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>, </q> said <rs type="person">his lady</rs>
to him one day,
<q>have you heard that <rs type="place">Netherfield Park</rs> is let at
last?</q>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element rs
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <rs> (referencing string)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <rs> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <rs> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

2. The TEI Header

2.4.1. Creation

<creation>
 <date when="1992-08">August 1992</date>
 <rs type="city">Taos, New Mexico</rs>
</creation>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <q>My dear
 <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>
 </q>, said his lady to
him one day, <q>have you heard that <rs type="place">Netherfield Park</rs> is let at last?</q>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>Collectors of water-rents were appointed by the
<rs type="org">Watering Committee</rs>.
They were paid a commission not exceeding four per
cent, and gave bond.</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>It being one of the principles of the
<rs type="org">Circumlocution Office</rs> never, on any
account whatsoever, to give a straightforward answer,
<rs type="person">Mr Barnacle</rs> said, <q>Possibly.</q>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <q>My dear <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>
 </q>, said
<rs type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day ...
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr. Bennet</name>,</q> said <rs type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day,
<q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield Park</name> is let at last?</q>
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<rs>His Excellency the Life President, <name>Ngwazi Dr H. Kamuzu Banda</name>
</rs>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<q>My dear
<rs key="BENM1" type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>,</q> said
<rs key="BENM2" type="person">his lady</rs> to him one day,

<q>have you heard that
<rs key="NETP1" type="place">Netherfield Park</rs> is let at
last?</q>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name key="VOM1" type="person">Mme. de Volanges</name>
marie <rs key="VOM2">sa fille</rs>:
c'est encore un secret;
mais elle m'en a fait part hier.
</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>My personal life during
the administration of <rs key="POJA1" type="person">Col. Polk
   (<reg>Polk, James K.</reg>)</rs> has but poorly compensated me for the
suspended enjoyments and pursuits of private and professional
spheres</p>

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:VOM1"
  type="person">Mme. de Volanges</name> marie <rs ref="tag:theworksoflaclos.org,2012:VOM2">sa fille</rs>: c'est encore un secret;
mais elle m'en a fait part hier.
</p>

<rs>

<q>My dear <rs type="person">Mr. Bennet</rs>, </q> said <rs type="person">his lady</rs>
to him one day,
<q>have you heard that <rs type="place">Netherfield Park</rs> is let at
last?</q>

<rs>

<p>La famille s'était alors retirée en banlieue, à <rs type="place">Villemomble</rs>, mais
<rs type="person">Alfred </rs>aimait se rendre à <rs type="place">Paris</rs> et un jour de 1917 alors qu'il sortait de <rs type="place">la maison des
   Arts et Métiers</rs> il était tombé inanimé dans la rue.</p>

<rs>

<q>我親愛的 <rs type="person"> 班納特先生</rs>，
</q>一天，<rs type="person">班納特太太</rs> 對她的丈夫說：
<q>你聽說過<rs type="place">尼日斐花園</rs> 終於租出去了嗎?</q>

4. Default Text Structure

<dateline>

<front>
 <dateline>Datum in Mexico <date when="1531">primo die Augusti 1531</date>
 </dateline>
 <p> Al muy Magnifico y muy Reverendo Señor el Señor <rs type="person" ref="#IoannesDantiscus">obispo diócesis Colmensis</rs>
 </p>
</front>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <p>La Machine Infernale a été
   représentée pour la première fois au
 <rs type="place-theatre">théâtre Louis-Jouvet</rs>
  <rs type="place-theatre">(Comédie des
     Champs-élysées)</rs>
  <date>le 10 avril 1934</date>,
   avec les décors et les costumes de
 <name>Christian Bérard.</name> ... </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Gateway Theatre, Edinburgh</rs>, <date>6 September 1948</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Anath Bithiah</role>
    <actor>Athene Seyler</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Shendi</role>
    <actor>Robert Rietty</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Directed by <name>E. Martin Browne</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Théâtre national du Petit-Odéon, Paris</rs>, <date>du 10 Décembre 1974
     au 12 Janvier 1975</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Paul Valéry</role>
    <actor>Michel Duchaussoy</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Joseph</role>
    <actor>Gérad Caillaud</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>M. Teste</role>
    <actor>Pierre Dux</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Mme Teste</role>
    <actor>Claude Winter</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>L'abbé Mosson</role>
    <actor>Jacques Toja</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Adaptation et mise en scène de <name>Pierre Franck</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Distribution <rs type="place">Comédie des Champs-Elysées, Paris,</rs>
  <date>1923</date>(par ordre d'entrée en scène) <castList>
   <castItem>Knock : Louis Jouvet</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">新竹市文化局演藝廳</rs>, <date>2008年3月14日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉福春</role>
    <actor>陳忠義</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉麗月</role>
    <actor>陳慧如</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>監製： <name>李永得</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>首演假<rs type="place">台北國家劇院</rs>於 <date>2007年10月12日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>劉麗君: 徐堰鈴飾</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Cast of the original production at the <rs type="place">Savoy Theatre, London,</rs> on
 <date>September 24, 1907</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>Colonel Hope : Mr A.E.George</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.1. Personal Names

That silly man <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DPB1"
 type="person">David Paul Brown</rs> has suffered the furniture of his office to be seized the third time for
rent.

14.2.1. Personal Names

That silly man <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DPB1"
 type="person">
 <name>David Paul Brown</name>
</rs> has suffered ...

14.2.2. Organizational Names

About a year back, a question of considerable interest
was agitated in the <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PAS1"
 type="org">
 <name>Pennsyla. Abolition Society</name>
</rs>.

14.2.3. Place Names

After spending some time in our <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1"
 type="place">modern <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:BA1"
  type="place">Babylon</name>
</rs>, <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1"
 type="place">New York</name>, I have proceeded to the <rs ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PH1"
 type="place">City of Brotherly Love</rs>.

14.2.4. Event Names

<p>On <date when="1719-03-19">Monday</date>, <rs type="person">she</rs> was writing about the
<eventName ref="#SecondDefPrague">1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName> which initiated the
<rs type="event" ref="#ThirtyYearsWar">long war</rs>.</p>

<eventName>

<p>On <date when="1719-03-19">Monday</date>, <rs type="person">she</rs> was writing about the
<eventName ref="#SecondDefPrague">1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName> which initiated the
<rs type="event" ref="#ThirtyYearsWar">long war</rs>.</p>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<link>

<s n="1">The state Supreme Court has refused to release <rs xml:id="R1">
  <rs xml:id="R2">Rahway State Prison</rs> inmate</rs>
 <rs xml:id="R3">James Scott</rs> on bail.</s>
<s n="2">
 <rs xml:id="R4">The fighter</rs> is serving 30-40 years
for a 1975 armed robbery conviction in <rs xml:id="R5">the penitentiary</rs>.
</s>
<!-- ... -->
<linkGrp type="periphrasis">
 <link target="#R1 #R3 #R4"/>
 <link target="#R2 #R5"/>
</linkGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<email>

<email> (electronic mail address) contains an email address identifying a location to which email messages can be delivered. [3.6.2. Addresses]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.addressLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The format of a modern Internet email address is defined in RFC 2822

Example

<email>membership@tei-c.org</email>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element email
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <email> (electronic mail address)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <email> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <email> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.2. Addresses

<email>info@tei-c.org</email>

<email>

<email>membership@tei-c.org</email>

<email>

<email>membership@tei-c.org</email>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

<persPronouns>

<docAuthor>
 <persName>Lal Zimman</persName>
 <persPronouns value="he">(he/him/his)</persPronouns>
 <ref target="#Name">(FAQ)</ref>
 <persName type="IPA">[lɑɫ ˈzimn̩]</persName>
 <email>zimman at ucsb dot edu</email>
 <roleName>Assistant Professor of Linguistics</roleName>
 <roleName>Affiliated Faculty in Feminist Studies</roleName>
 <address>
  <addrLine>South Hall 3518</addrLine>
  <addrLine>University of California, Santa Barbara</addrLine>
 </address>
</docAuthor>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<address>

<address> (address) contains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual. [3.6.2. Addresses 2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc. 3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.addressLike model.publicationStmtPart.detail

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal publicationStmt rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: addrLine cb ellipsis gap gb index lb milestone name note noteGrp pb postBox postCode rs street

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

namesdates: addName bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

This element should be used for postal addresses only. Within it, the generic element addrLine may be used as an alternative to any of the more specialized elements available from the model.addrPart class, such as street, postCode etc.

Example

Using just the elements defined by the core module, an address could be represented as follows:

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <name>Bologna</name>
 <name>Italy</name>
</address>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

When a schema includes the names and dates module more specific elements such as country or settlement would be preferable over generic name:

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <settlement>Bologna</settlement>
 <country>Italy</country>
</address>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<address>
 <addrLine>Computing Center, MC 135</addrLine>
 <addrLine>P.O. Box 6998</addrLine>
 <addrLine>Chicago, IL 60680</addrLine>
 <addrLine>USA</addrLine>
</address>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<address>
 <country key="FR"/>
 <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
 <postCode>69002</postCode>
 <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
 <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
 <street>
  <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</street>
</address>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.global"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.addrPart"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element address
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   ( model.global*, ( ( model.addrPart, model.global* )+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <address> (address)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <address> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <address> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Sigma Press</publisher>
 <address>
  <addrLine>21 High Street,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Wilmslow,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Cheshire M24 3DF</addrLine>
 </address>
 <date>1991</date>
 <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
 <idno type="OTA">1256</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Available with prior consent of depositor for
     purposes of academic research and teaching only.</p>
 </availability>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
 <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
 <address>
  <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
  <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
  <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
  <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
 </address>
 <availability status="free">
  <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <addrLine>110 Southmoor Road,</addrLine>
 <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
 <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
</address>

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <name type="city">Oxford</name>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <name type="country">United Kingdom</name>
</address>

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <name type="org">Università di Bologna</name>
 <name type="country">Italy</name>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <name type="city">Bologna</name>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
</address>

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <name>Bologna</name>
 <name>Italy</name>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <settlement>Bologna</settlement>
 <country>Italy</country>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <addrLine>Centre d'Études Supérieures de la Renaissance</addrLine>
 <addrLine>59, rue Néricault-Destouches</addrLine>
 <addrLine> 37013
   TOURS</addrLine>
 <addrLine>France</addrLine>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>邯郸路220号</street>
 <postCode>200433</postCode>
 <name>上海市</name>
 <name n="I">中華人民共和國</name>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <addrLine>沙田</addrLine>
 <addrLine>新界</addrLine>
 <addrLine>香港特別行政區</addrLine>
 <addrLine>中華人民共和國</addrLine>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <addrLine>Computing Center, MC 135</addrLine>
 <addrLine>P.O. Box 6998</addrLine>
 <addrLine>Chicago, IL 60680</addrLine>
 <addrLine>USA</addrLine>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <country key="FR"/>
 <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
 <postCode>69002</postCode>
 <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
 <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
 <street>
  <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</street>
</address>

<addrLine>

<address>
 <addrLine>Computing Center, MC 135</addrLine>
 <addrLine>P.O. Box 6998</addrLine>
 <addrLine>Chicago, IL</addrLine>
 <addrLine>60680 USA</addrLine>
</address>

<addrLine>

<address>
 <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
 <addrLine>B.P. 30687</addrLine>
 <addrLine>F 54063 NANCY CEDEX</addrLine>
 <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
</address>

<addrLine>

<address>
 <addrLine> 276號4樓</addrLine>
 <addrLine>光明路</addrLine>
 <addrLine>北投區，台北市11246</addrLine>
 <addrLine>台灣，中華民國</addrLine>
</address>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locCA" type="cemetery">
 <placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
 <placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
 <location type="geopolitical">
  <country>Italy</country>
  <settlement>Rome</settlement>
  <district>Testaccio</district>
 </location>
 <location type="address">
  <address>
   <addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
   <addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
  </address>
 </location>
</place>

<persPronouns>

<docAuthor>
 <persName>Lal Zimman</persName>
 <persPronouns value="he">(he/him/his)</persPronouns>
 <ref target="#Name">(FAQ)</ref>
 <persName type="IPA">[lɑɫ ˈzimn̩]</persName>
 <email>zimman at ucsb dot edu</email>
 <roleName>Assistant Professor of Linguistics</roleName>
 <roleName>Affiliated Faculty in Feminist Studies</roleName>
 <address>
  <addrLine>South Hall 3518</addrLine>
  <addrLine>University of California, Santa Barbara</addrLine>
 </address>
</docAuthor>

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<addrLine>

<addrLine> (address line) contains one line of a postal address. [3.6.2. Addresses 2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc. 3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.addrPart

Contained by

core: address

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Addresses may be encoded either as a sequence of lines, or using any sequence of component elements from the model.addrPart class. Other non-postal forms of address, such as telephone numbers or email, should not be included within an address element directly but may be wrapped within an addrLine if they form part of the printed address in some source text.

Example

<address>
 <addrLine>Computing Center, MC 135</addrLine>
 <addrLine>P.O. Box 6998</addrLine>
 <addrLine>Chicago, IL</addrLine>
 <addrLine>60680 USA</addrLine>
</address>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<addrLine>
 <ref target="tel:+1-201-555-0123">(201) 555 0123</ref>
</addrLine>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element addrLine
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <addrLine> (address line)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <addrLine> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <addrLine> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Sigma Press</publisher>
 <address>
  <addrLine>21 High Street,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Wilmslow,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Cheshire M24 3DF</addrLine>
 </address>
 <date>1991</date>
 <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
 <idno type="OTA">1256</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Available with prior consent of depositor for
     purposes of academic research and teaching only.</p>
 </availability>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
 <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
 <address>
  <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
  <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
  <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
  <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
 </address>
 <availability status="free">
  <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <addrLine>110 Southmoor Road,</addrLine>
 <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
 <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
</address>

3.6.2. Addresses

<addrLine>
 <ref target="tel:+1-201-555-0123">(201) 555 0123</ref>
</addrLine>

<address>

<address>
 <addrLine>Centre d'Études Supérieures de la Renaissance</addrLine>
 <addrLine>59, rue Néricault-Destouches</addrLine>
 <addrLine> 37013
   TOURS</addrLine>
 <addrLine>France</addrLine>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <addrLine>沙田</addrLine>
 <addrLine>新界</addrLine>
 <addrLine>香港特別行政區</addrLine>
 <addrLine>中華人民共和國</addrLine>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <addrLine>Computing Center, MC 135</addrLine>
 <addrLine>P.O. Box 6998</addrLine>
 <addrLine>Chicago, IL 60680</addrLine>
 <addrLine>USA</addrLine>
</address>

<addrLine>

<address>
 <addrLine>Computing Center, MC 135</addrLine>
 <addrLine>P.O. Box 6998</addrLine>
 <addrLine>Chicago, IL</addrLine>
 <addrLine>60680 USA</addrLine>
</address>

<addrLine>

<addrLine>
 <ref target="tel:+1-201-555-0123">(201) 555 0123</ref>
</addrLine>

<addrLine>

<address>
 <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
 <addrLine>B.P. 30687</addrLine>
 <addrLine>F 54063 NANCY CEDEX</addrLine>
 <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
</address>

<addrLine>

<address>
 <addrLine> 276號4樓</addrLine>
 <addrLine>光明路</addrLine>
 <addrLine>北投區，台北市11246</addrLine>
 <addrLine>台灣，中華民國</addrLine>
</address>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locCA" type="cemetery">
 <placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
 <placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
 <location type="geopolitical">
  <country>Italy</country>
  <settlement>Rome</settlement>
  <district>Testaccio</district>
 </location>
 <location type="address">
  <address>
   <addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
   <addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
  </address>
 </location>
</place>

<persPronouns>

<docAuthor>
 <persName>Lal Zimman</persName>
 <persPronouns value="he">(he/him/his)</persPronouns>
 <ref target="#Name">(FAQ)</ref>
 <persName type="IPA">[lɑɫ ˈzimn̩]</persName>
 <email>zimman at ucsb dot edu</email>
 <roleName>Assistant Professor of Linguistics</roleName>
 <roleName>Affiliated Faculty in Feminist Studies</roleName>
 <address>
  <addrLine>South Hall 3518</addrLine>
  <addrLine>University of California, Santa Barbara</addrLine>
 </address>
</docAuthor>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<street>

<street> contains a full street address including any name or number identifying a building as well as the name of the street or route on which it is located. [3.6.2. Addresses]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.addrPart

Contained by

core: address

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The order and presentation of house names and numbers and street names, etc., may vary considerably in different countries. The encoding should reflect the order which is appropriate in the country concerned.

Example

<street>via della Faggiola, 36</street>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<street>
 <name>Duntaggin</name>, 110 Southmoor Road
</street>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element street
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <street>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <street> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <street> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <name type="city">Oxford</name>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <name type="country">United Kingdom</name>
</address>

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <name type="org">Università di Bologna</name>
 <name type="country">Italy</name>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <name type="city">Bologna</name>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
</address>

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <name>Bologna</name>
 <name>Italy</name>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <settlement>Bologna</settlement>
 <country>Italy</country>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>邯郸路220号</street>
 <postCode>200433</postCode>
 <name>上海市</name>
 <name n="I">中華人民共和國</name>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <country key="FR"/>
 <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
 <postCode>69002</postCode>
 <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
 <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
 <street>
  <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</street>
</address>

<street>

<street>via della Faggiola, 36</street>

<street>

<street>110, rue de Grenelle </street>

<street>

<street>36, quai des Orfèvres</street>

<street>

<street>天津街25號</street>

<street>

<street>皇后大道東123號<name>灣仔大廈</name>
</street>

<street>

<street>
 <name>Duntaggin</name>, 110 Southmoor Road
</street>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

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C Elements

<postCode>

<postCode> (postal code) contains a numerical or alphanumeric code used as part of a postal address to simplify sorting or delivery of mail. [3.6.2. Addresses]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.addrPart

Contained by

core: address

May contain
Character data only

Note

The position and nature of postal codes is highly country-specific; the conventions appropriate to the country concerned should be used.

Example

<postCode>HR1 3LR</postCode>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<postCode>60142-7</postCode>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element postCode
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   text
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <postCode> (postal code)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <postCode> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <postCode> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <name type="city">Oxford</name>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <name type="country">United Kingdom</name>
</address>

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <name type="org">Università di Bologna</name>
 <name type="country">Italy</name>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <name type="city">Bologna</name>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
</address>

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <name>Bologna</name>
 <name>Italy</name>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <settlement>Bologna</settlement>
 <country>Italy</country>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>邯郸路220号</street>
 <postCode>200433</postCode>
 <name>上海市</name>
 <name n="I">中華人民共和國</name>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <country key="FR"/>
 <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
 <postCode>69002</postCode>
 <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
 <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
 <street>
  <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</street>
</address>

<postCode>

<postCode>HR1 3LR</postCode>

<postCode>

<postCode>84000</postCode>

<postCode>

<postCode>60142-7</postCode>

<postCode>

<postCode>310</postCode>

<postCode>

<postCode>310-51</postCode>

<postCode>

<postCode>60142-7</postCode>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<postBox>

<postBox> (postal box or post office box) contains a number or other identifier for some postal delivery point other than a street address. [3.6.2. Addresses]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.addrPart

Contained by

core: address

May contain
Character data only

Note

The position and nature of postal codes is highly country-specific; the conventions appropriate to the country concerned should be used.

Example

<postBox>P.O. Box 280</postBox>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<postBox>Postbus 532</postBox>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element postBox
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   text
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <postBox> (postal box or post office box)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <postBox> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <postBox> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<postBox>

<postBox>P.O. Box 280</postBox>

<postBox>

<postBox>B.P. 4232 </postBox>

<postBox>

<postBox>BP 3317</postBox>

<postBox>

<postBox>廣州郵局第280號信箱</postBox>

<postBox>

<postBox>Postbus 532</postBox>

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<num>

<num> (number) contains a number, written in any form. [3.6.3. Numbers and Measures]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
indicates the type of numeric value.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

cardinal

absolute number, e.g. 21, 21.5

ordinal

ordinal number, e.g. 21st

fraction

fraction, e.g. one half or three-quarters

percentage

a percentage

Note

If a different typology is desired, other values can be used for this attribute.

value value⚓︎
supplies the value of the number in standard form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

Values
a numeric value.

Note

The standard form used is defined by the TEI datatype teidata.numeric.

Member of

model.measureLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure measureGrp meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Detailed analyses of quantities and units of measure in historical documents may also use the feature structure mechanism described in chapter 19. Feature Structures. The num element is intended for use in simple applications.

Example

<p>I reached <num type="cardinal" value="21">twenty-one</num> on
my <num type="ordinal" value="21">twenty-first</num> birthday</p>
<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10<hi rend="sup">10</hi>
 </num> cm per second.</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element num
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      "cardinal" | "ordinal" | "fraction" | "percentage" | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   attribute value { teidata.numeric }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <num> (number)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <num> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <num> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datable.custom

<date when="1382-06-28"
 when-custom="6890-06-20" datingMethod="#creationOfWorld"> μηνὶ Ἰουνίου εἰς <num>κ</num> ἔτους <num>ςωϞ</num>
</date>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<table rows="3" cols="2">
 <head>Tent supplies</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>nylon tent</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>steel stakes</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>6</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>fiberglass poles</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <ellipsis>
    <metamark function="ellipsis">"</metamark>
    <supplied>
     <num>6</num>
    </supplied>
   </ellipsis>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

<address>

<address>
 <country key="FR"/>
 <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
 <postCode>69002</postCode>
 <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
 <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
 <street>
  <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</street>
</address>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<num value="33">xxxiii</num>
<num type="cardinal" value="21">twenty-one</num>
<num type="percentage" value="10">ten percent</num>
<num type="percentage" value="10">10%</num>
<num type="ordinal" value="5">5th</num>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<num type="fraction" value="0.5">one half</num>
<num type="fraction" value="0.5">1/2</num>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<measure type="list">
 <num>1</num>, <num>2</num>, <num>5</num>, <num>7</num>
 <unit type="length" unit="mm">millimètres</unit>
</measure>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10^10</num>
 <unit type="rate" unit="cm/s">
  <unit type="space">cm</unit> per <unit type="time">second</unit>
 </unit>.</p>

<num>

<p>I reached <num type="cardinal" value="21">twenty-one</num> on
my <num type="ordinal" value="21">twenty-first</num> birthday</p>
<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10<hi rend="sup">10</hi>
 </num> cm per second.</p>

<num>

<p>Pierre eut <num type="cardinal" value="10">dix</num>ans le jour de mon<num type="ordinal" value="21">vingtième </num> anniversaire.</p>

<num>

<p>在<num type="ordinal" value="21">第二十一</num>歲的生日那天，我變成<num type="cardinal" value="21">二十一</num>歲了... 光以每秒<num value="10E10">10<hi rend="sup">10</hi>
 </num> 公分移動。</p>

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> pounds of flesh
</measure>
<measure type="currency">£10-11-6d</measure>
<measure type="area" unitRef="#merk">2 <unit>merks</unit> of old extent</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="merk" type="area">
   <label>merk</label>
   <placeName ref="#Scotland"/>
   <desc>A merk was an area of land determined variably by its agricultural
       productivity.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> kilos de sucre
</measure>
<measure type="currency">16,99 € </measure>
<measure type="area">5 hectares</measure>

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>1</num>市斤豬肉
</measure>
<measure type="currency">人民幣20元</measure>
<measure type="area">一個巴掌大小</measure>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>3</num>
 <unit unitRef="#ell">ells</unit>
</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="ell">
   <label>ell</label>
   <placeName ref="#iceland"/>
   <desc>A unit of measure for cloth, roughly equivalent to 18 inches, or from an adult male’s elbow to the tip of the middle finger.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>2</num>
 <unit>kg</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<measure type="value">
 <num>3</num>
 <unit type="time" unit="min">minute</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<measure type="list">
 <num>1</num>, <num>2</num>, <num>5</num>, <num>7</num>
 <unit type="length" unit="mm">millimètres</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<measure type="interval">
 <num atLeast="1.2">1.2</num> to <num atMost="5.6">5.6</num>
 <unit type="velocity" unit="km/h">km/h</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10^10</num>
 <unit type="rate" unit="cm/s">
  <unit type="space">cm</unit> per <unit type="time">second</unit>
 </unit>.</p>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="BGbldg" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<location>

<place xml:id="BGbuilding" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Wyoming</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>453,588</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Alaska</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>550,043</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Montana</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>799,065</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Rhode Island</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1,003,464</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<measure>

<measure> (measure) contains a word or phrase referring to some quantity of an object or commodity, usually comprising a number, a unit, and a commodity name. [3.6.3. Numbers and Measures]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.measurement

@unit

@unitRef

@quantity

@commodity

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
specifies the type of measurement in any convenient typology.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Member of

model.measureLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure measureGrp meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

This example references a definition of a measurement unit declared in the TEI header:

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> pounds of flesh
</measure>
<measure type="currency">£10-11-6d</measure>
<measure type="area" unitRef="#merk">2 <unit>merks</unit> of old extent</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="merk" type="area">
   <label>merk</label>
   <placeName ref="#Scotland"/>
   <desc>A merk was an area of land determined variably by its agricultural
       productivity.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<measure quantity="40" unit="hogshead"
 commodity="rum">2 score hh rum</measure>
<measure quantity="12" unit="count"
 commodity="roses">1 doz. roses</measure>
<measure quantity="1" unit="count"
 commodity="tulips">a yellow tulip</measure>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<head>Long papers.</head>
<p>Speakers will be given 30 minutes each: 20 minutes for
presentation, 10 minutes for discussion. Proposals should not
exceed <measure max="500" unit="count"
  commodity="words">500
   words</measure>. This presentation type is suitable for
substantial research, theoretical or critical discussions.</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element measure
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.measurement.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <measure> (measure)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <measure> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <measure> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.measurement

<l>
<!-- regularization:-->
So weren't you gonna buy <measure quantity="0.5" unit="gal"
  commodity="ice cream">half
   a gallon</measure>, baby
</l>
<l>
<!-- normalization: -->
So won't you go and buy <measure quantity="1.893" unit="L"
  commodity="ice cream">half
   a gallon</measure>, baby?
</l>

att.measurement

<l>
<!-- regularization:-->So weren't you gonna buy <measure quantity="0.5" unit="gal"
  commodity="icecream">half a gallon</measure>, baby
</l>
<l>
<!-- normalization: -->So won't you go and buy <measure quantity="1.893" unit="L"
  commodity="icecream">half a gallon</measure>,
baby?
</l>

att.ranging

Americares has been supporting the health sector in Eastern Europe since 1986,
and since 1992 has provided <measure atLeast="120000000" unit="USD"
 commodity="currency">more
than $120m</measure> in aid to Ukrainians.

2. The TEI Header

2.2.3. Type and Extent of File

<extent>
 <measure unit="MiB" quantity="4.2">About four megabytes</measure>
 <measure unit="pages" quantity="245">245 pages of source
   material</measure>
</extent>

<extent>

<extent>
 <measure unit="MiB" quantity="4.2">About four megabytes</measure>
 <measure unit="pages" quantity="245">245 pages of source
   material</measure>
</extent>

<extent>

<extent>
 <measure unit="MiB" quantity="4.2">Ungefähr vier Megabyte</measure>
 <measure unit="pages" quantity="245">Textumfang 245 Seiten</measure>
</extent>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<div n="2">
 <list type="gloss">
  <label>Age</label>
  <item>Unimportant</item>
  <label>Head</label>
  <item>Small and round</item>
  <label>Eyes</label>
  <item>Green</item>
  <label>Complexion</label>
  <item>White</item>
  <label>Hair</label>
  <item>yellow</item>
  <label>Features</label>
  <item>Mobile</item>
  <label>Neck</label>
  <item>
   <measure>13¾"</measure>
  </item>
  <label>Upper arm</label>
  <item>
   <measure>11"</measure>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<p>...the sum of
<measure type="currency">12s 6d</measure>...</p>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<measure quantity="13.75" unit="in">13¾"</measure>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<list>
 <item>
  <measure type="volume" quantity="2"
   unit="bag" commodity="hops">ii bags hops</measure>
 </item>
 <item>
  <measure type="volume" quantity="6"
   unit="truss" commodity="cloth">six trusses Woolen and linen goods</measure>
 </item>
 <item>
  <measure type="weight" quantity="5"
   unit="ton" commodity="coal">5 tonnes coale</measure>
 </item>
</list>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<p>In a cadaver I have found it
<lb/>holding <measure unit="mL" commodity="blood"
  min="85.2">more than three ounces</measure>.
[...] Then
<lb/>we may suppose in man that a single heart beat
<lb/>would force out either
<measure unit="mL" commodity="blood"
  max="13.2" min="3.7">a half ounce, three drams,
 <lb/>or even one dram of blood</measure>, which because of the
<lb/>valvular block could not flow back that way into
<lb/>the heart.</p>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<measureGrp type="volume" unit="in">
 <measure type="height" quantity="14">xiv</measure>
 <measure type="width" quantity="5">v</measure>
 <measure type="depth" quantity="10">x</measure>
</measureGrp>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<measure type="list">
 <num>1</num>, <num>2</num>, <num>5</num>, <num>7</num>
 <unit type="length" unit="mm">millimètres</unit>
</measure>

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> pounds of flesh
</measure>
<measure type="currency">£10-11-6d</measure>
<measure type="area" unitRef="#merk">2 <unit>merks</unit> of old extent</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="merk" type="area">
   <label>merk</label>
   <placeName ref="#Scotland"/>
   <desc>A merk was an area of land determined variably by its agricultural
       productivity.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<measure>

<measure quantity="40" unit="hogshead"
 commodity="rum">2 score hh rum</measure>
<measure quantity="12" unit="count"
 commodity="roses">1 doz. roses</measure>
<measure quantity="1" unit="count"
 commodity="tulips">a yellow tulip</measure>

<measure>

<head>Long papers.</head>
<p>Speakers will be given 30 minutes each: 20 minutes for
presentation, 10 minutes for discussion. Proposals should not
exceed <measure max="500" unit="count"
  commodity="words">500
   words</measure>. This presentation type is suitable for
substantial research, theoretical or critical discussions.</p>

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> kilos de sucre
</measure>
<measure type="currency">16,99 € </measure>
<measure type="area">5 hectares</measure>

<measure>

<measure quantity="1" unit="liquide"
 commodity="vin">un hectolitre de vin</measure>
<measure quantity="12" unit="nombre"
 commodity="rose">1 douzaine de roses</measure>
<measure quantity="1" unit="liquide"
 commodity="moule"> un litre de moules </measure>

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>1</num>市斤豬肉
</measure>
<measure type="currency">人民幣20元</measure>
<measure type="area">一個巴掌大小</measure>

<measure>

<measure quantity="16" unit="weight"
 commodity="vegetable">一台斤青菜</measure>
<measure quantity="12" unit="count"
 commodity="roses">一打玫瑰</measure>
<measure quantity="1" unit="count"
 commodity="tulips">一朵黃色鬱金香</measure>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>3</num>
 <unit unitRef="#ell">ells</unit>
</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="ell">
   <label>ell</label>
   <placeName ref="#iceland"/>
   <desc>A unit of measure for cloth, roughly equivalent to 18 inches, or from an adult male’s elbow to the tip of the middle finger.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>2</num>
 <unit>kg</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<measure type="value">
 <num>3</num>
 <unit type="time" unit="min">minute</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<measure type="list">
 <num>1</num>, <num>2</num>, <num>5</num>, <num>7</num>
 <unit type="length" unit="mm">millimètres</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<measure type="interval">
 <num atLeast="1.2">1.2</num> to <num atMost="5.6">5.6</num>
 <unit type="velocity" unit="km/h">km/h</unit>
</measure>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.1.2. Extent

<extent>
 <measure type="composition" unit="leaf"
  quantity="10">10 Bl.</measure>
 <measure type="height" quantity="37"
  unit="cm">37</measure> x <measure type="width" quantity="29"
  unit="cm">29</measure> cm
</extent>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName>
 <measure>20 km</measure>
 <offset>north of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Duncan">
 <measure unit="km" quantity="17.7">11 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northwest of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Providence</settlement>, <region type="state">RI</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>2,5 milles</measure>
 <offset>à l'ouest de la </offset>
 <settlement>Pointe du Raz</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>烏魯木齊</settlement>
 <offset>北邊</offset>
 <measure>十哩</measure>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>10 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northeast of</offset>
 <settlement>Attica</settlement>
</placeName>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="MYF">
 <placeName notAfter="1969">Yasgur's Farm</placeName>
 <placeName notBefore="1969">Woodstock Festival Site</placeName>
 <location>
  <measure>one mile</measure>
  <offset>north west of</offset>
  <settlement>Bethel</settlement>
  <region>New York</region>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp> (measure group) contains a group of dimensional specifications which relate to the same object, for example the height and width of a manuscript page. [11.3.4. Dimensions]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.measurement

@unit

@unitRef

@quantity

@commodity

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.measureLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure measureGrp meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: measure measureGrp num unit

gaiji: g

msdescription: depth dim height width

namesdates: geo

character data

Example

<measureGrp type="leaves" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="ruledArea" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="box" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.measureLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element measureGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.measurement.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.measureLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <measureGrp> (measure group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <measureGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <measureGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<measureGrp type="volume" unit="in">
 <measure type="height" quantity="14">xiv</measure>
 <measure type="width" quantity="5">v</measure>
 <measure type="depth" quantity="10">x</measure>
</measureGrp>

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="leaves" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="ruledArea" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="box" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="leaves" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="ruledArea" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="box" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="頁面" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="直行或橫隔部份" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="盒" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<unit>

<unit> contains a symbol, a word or a phrase referring to a unit of measurement in any kind of formal or informal system. [3.6.3. Numbers and Measures]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.measurement

@unit

@unitRef

@quantity

@commodity

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.measureLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure measureGrp meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage unitDef

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

Here is an example of a unit element holding a unitRef attribute that points to a definition of the unit in the TEI header.

<measure>
 <num>3</num>
 <unit unitRef="#ell">ells</unit>
</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="ell">
   <label>ell</label>
   <placeName ref="#iceland"/>
   <desc>A unit of measure for cloth, roughly equivalent to 18 inches, or from an adult male’s elbow to the tip of the middle finger.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<measure>
 <num>2</num>
 <unit>kg</unit>
</measure>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<measure type="value">
 <num>3</num>
 <unit type="time" unit="min">minute</unit>
</measure>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<measure type="interval">
 <num atLeast="1.2">1.2</num> to <num atMost="5.6">5.6</num>
 <unit type="velocity" unit="km/h">km/h</unit>
</measure>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10^10</num>
 <unit type="rate" unit="cm/s">
  <unit type="space">cm</unit> per <unit type="time">second</unit>
 </unit>.</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element unit
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.measurement.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <unit>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <unit> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <unit> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<measure type="list">
 <num>1</num>, <num>2</num>, <num>5</num>, <num>7</num>
 <unit type="length" unit="mm">millimètres</unit>
</measure>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10^10</num>
 <unit type="rate" unit="cm/s">
  <unit type="space">cm</unit> per <unit type="time">second</unit>
 </unit>.</p>

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> pounds of flesh
</measure>
<measure type="currency">£10-11-6d</measure>
<measure type="area" unitRef="#merk">2 <unit>merks</unit> of old extent</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="merk" type="area">
   <label>merk</label>
   <placeName ref="#Scotland"/>
   <desc>A merk was an area of land determined variably by its agricultural
       productivity.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>3</num>
 <unit unitRef="#ell">ells</unit>
</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="ell">
   <label>ell</label>
   <placeName ref="#iceland"/>
   <desc>A unit of measure for cloth, roughly equivalent to 18 inches, or from an adult male’s elbow to the tip of the middle finger.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>2</num>
 <unit>kg</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<measure type="value">
 <num>3</num>
 <unit type="time" unit="min">minute</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<measure type="list">
 <num>1</num>, <num>2</num>, <num>5</num>, <num>7</num>
 <unit type="length" unit="mm">millimètres</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<measure type="interval">
 <num atLeast="1.2">1.2</num> to <num atMost="5.6">5.6</num>
 <unit type="velocity" unit="km/h">km/h</unit>
</measure>

<unit>

<p>Light travels at <num value="3E10">3×10^10</num>
 <unit type="rate" unit="cm/s">
  <unit type="space">cm</unit> per <unit type="time">second</unit>
 </unit>.</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<date>

<date> (date) contains a date in any format. [3.6.4. Dates and Times 2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc. 2.6. The Revision Description 3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information 16.2.3. The Setting Description 14.4. Dates]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.calendarSystem

@calendar

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.dateLike model.publicationStmtPart.detail

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine analytic author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose setting

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal publicationStmt rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: recording u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<date when="1980-02">early February 1980</date>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

Given on the <date when="1977-06-12">Twelfth Day
of June in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and Seventy-seven of the Republic
the Two Hundredth and first and of the University the Eighty-Sixth.</date>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<date when="1990-09">September 1990</date>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element date
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.calendarSystem.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.global )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <date> (date)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <date> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <date> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago-15_ed">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago-15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>.
<pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>:
<publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher>
(<date>2003</date>),
<biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.datable.custom

<p>Alhazen died in Cairo on the
<date when="1040-03-06"
  when-custom="431-06-12"> 12th day of Jumada t-Tania, 430 AH
 </date>.</p>
<p>The current world will end at the
<date when="2012-12-21"
  when-custom="13.0.0.0.0">end of B'ak'tun 13</date>.</p>
<p>The Battle of Meggidu
(<date when-custom="Thutmose_III:23">23rd year of reign of Thutmose III</date>).</p>
<p>Esidorus bixit in pace annos LXX plus minus sub
<date when-custom="Ind:4-10-11">die XI mensis Octobris indictione IIII</date>
</p>

att.datable.custom

Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increaſe, Moderne
eſtate, and deſcription of that Citie, written in the yeare
<date when-custom="1598" calendar="#julian"
 datingMethod="#julian">1598</date>. by Iohn Stow
Citizen of London.

att.datable.custom

<date when="1382-06-28"
 when-custom="6890-06-20" datingMethod="#creationOfWorld"> μηνὶ Ἰουνίου εἰς <num>κ</num> ἔτους <num>ςωϞ</num>
</date>

att.datable.w3c

<p>
 <date when="1945-10-24">24 Oct 45</date>
 <date when="1996-09-24T07:25:00Z">September 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date>
 <time when="1999-01-04T20:42:00-05:00">Jan 4 1999 at 8 pm</time>
 <time when="14:12:38">fourteen twelve and 38 seconds</time>
 <date when="1962-10">October of 1962</date>
 <date when="--06-12">June 12th</date>
 <date when="---01">the first of the month</date>
 <date when="--08">August</date>
 <date when="2006">MMVI</date>
 <date when="0056">AD 56</date>
 <date when="-0056">56 BC</date>
</p>

att.datable.w3c

<p>
 <date when="1945-10-24">24 Oct 45</date>
 <date when="1996-09-24T07:25:00Z">24 septembre 1996 à 3h 25 du matin</date>
 <time when="1999-01-04T20:42:00-05:00">4 janvier 1999 à 8h de l'après-midi.</time>
 <time when="14:12:38">14 h 12 minutes et 38 secondes</time>
 <date when="1962-10">octobre 1962</date>
 <date when="--06-12">12 juin</date>
 <date when="---01">premier du mois</date>
 <date when="--08">Août</date>
 <date when="2006">MMVI</date>
 <date when="0056">56 ap. J.-C.</date>
 <date when="-0056">56 av. J.-C.</date>
</p>

att.datable.w3c

Shakespeare meurt dix jours plus tard, à Stratford-on-Avon,
Warwickshire, dans l'Angleterre protestante et dans le
calendrier julien, le
<date calendar="#julian" when="--05-03">mardi 23 avril ancien style</date>,
c'est-à-dire le
<date calendar="#gregorian" when="--05-03">3 mai</date> dans
le calendrier grégorien.

att.datable.w3c

This list begins in
the year 1632, more precisely on Trinity Sunday, i.e. the Sunday after
Pentecost, in that year the
<date calendar="#julian" when="1632-06-06">27th of May (old style)</date>.

att.datable.w3c

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <placeName>Dorchester, Village,</placeName>
  <date when="1828-03-02">March 2d. 1828.</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>To
   Mrs. Cornell,</salute> Sunday <time when="12:00:00">noon.</time>
</opener>

att.datable.w3c

<date from="1863-05-28" to="1863-06-01">28 May through 1 June 1863</date>

att.edition

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1937">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Methuen</publisher>, <date>1937</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1968">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Dover</publisher>, <date>1968</date>
 </bibl>
</listBibl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Looking into the future aeons from the supreme moment of
the cosmos, I saw the populations still with all their
strength maintaining the<pb n="411" edRef="#stapledon1968"/>essentials of their ancient culture,
still living their personal lives in zest and endless
novelty of action, … I saw myself still
preserving, though with increasing difficulty, my lucid
con<pb n="291" break="no"
  edRef="#stapledon1937"/>sciousness;</p>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago_15_ed">Grammatical theories are in flux, and the more we learn, the
   less we seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago_15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>. <pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of
   Chicago Press</publisher> (<date>2003</date>), <biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.global

<div type="bibl">
 <head>Selections from <title level="m">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797</title>
 </head>
 <listBibl xml:base="https://romantic-circles.org/sites/default/files/imported/editions/southey_letters/XML/">
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.3.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Grosvenor Charles Bedford</title>, <date when="1792-04-03">3 April 1792</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.57.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Anna Seward</title>, <date when="1793-09-18">18 September 1793</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.85.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Robert Lovell</title>, <date from="1794-04-05" to="1794-04-06">5-6 April, 1794</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</div>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<date dur="P1DT12H">a day and a half</date>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<date dur="P7D">a week</date>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<date dur="P1DT12H">une journée et demie</date>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<date dur="P7D">une semaine</date>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.2. The Edition Statement

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Student's edition, <date>June 1987</date>
 </edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>New annotations by</resp>
  <name>George Brown</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <p>Première édition électronique, Nancy, <date> 2002</date>, réalisée dans le cadre de la
   base <ref target="http://www.frantext.fr/">FRANTEXT</ref> .</p>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <p>初版<date>1991年，上學期</date>
 </p>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <p>First edition, <date>Michaelmas Term, 1991.</date>
 </p>
</editionStmt>

<edition>

<edition>First edition <date>Oct 1990</date>
</edition>
<edition n="S2">Students' edition</edition>

<edition>

<edition>Première édition électronique, Nancy <date>2002</date>
</edition>

<edition>

<edition>初版<date>1990年10月</date>
</edition>
<edition n="S2">學生版</edition>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
 <idno type="ISBN">0-19-254705-4</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Copyright 1989, Oxford University Press</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <authority>James D. Benson</authority>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Sigma Press</publisher>
 <address>
  <addrLine>21 High Street,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Wilmslow,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Cheshire M24 3DF</addrLine>
 </address>
 <date>1991</date>
 <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
 <idno type="OTA">1256</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Available with prior consent of depositor for
     purposes of academic research and teaching only.</p>
 </availability>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Victoria, BC</pubPlace>
 <date>2011</date>
 <availability status="restricted">
  <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"> Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
  </licence>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>C. Muquardt </publisher>
 <pubPlace>Bruxelles &amp; Leipzig</pubPlace>
 <date when="1846"/>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>重慶大學出版社</publisher>
 <pubPlace>中國：重慶</pubPlace>
 <date when="2002"/>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>大塊文化</publisher>
 <pubPlace>台灣：台北</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>版權所有 翻印必究</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Chadwyck Healey</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>Available under licence only</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Zea Books</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Lincoln, NE</pubPlace>
 <date>2017</date>
 <availability>
  <p>This is an open access work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</p>
 </availability>
 <ptr target="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/55"/>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <biblStruct xml:lang="fr">
  <monogr>
   <author>Eugène Sue</author>
   <title>Martin, l'enfant trouvé</title>
   <title type="sub">Mémoires d'un valet de chambre</title>
   <imprint>
    <pubPlace>Bruxelles et Leipzig</pubPlace>
    <publisher>C. Muquardt</publisher>
    <date when="1846">1846</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
 <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
 <publisher>OUP</publisher>
  <date>1968</date>. </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

2.4.1. Creation

<creation>
 <date when="1992-08">August 1992</date>
 <rs type="city">Taos, New Mexico</rs>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date>Before 1987</date>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date>Avant 1987</date>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date when="1988-07-10">10 Juillet 1988</date>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date>1987年之前</date>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date when="1988-07-10">1988年7月10日</date>
</creation>

<creation>

<creation>
 <date when="1988-07-10">10 July 1988</date>
</creation>

2.4.5. Calendar Description

<p>Captain's log <date calendar="#stardate">stardate 23.9 rounded off
   to the nearest decimal point</date>...</p>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspContext>
 <ref type="prev" target="#CLF0102">Previous letter of <persName>Chamisso</persName> to <persName>de La
     Foye</persName>: <date when="1807-01-16">16 January 1807</date>
 </ref>
 <ref type="next" target="#CLF0104">Next letter of <persName>Chamisso</persName> to <persName>de La Foye</persName>:
 <date when="1810-05-07">07 May 1810</date>
 </ref>
</correspContext>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>Adelbert von Chamisso</persName>
 <placeName>Vertus</placeName>
 <date when="1807-01-29"/>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received">
 <persName>Louis de La Foye</persName>
 <placeName>Caen</placeName>
 <date>unknown</date>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>PN0001</persName>
 <date when="1999-06-02"/>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="to">
 <persName>PN0002</persName>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="to">
 <persName>PN0003</persName>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="cc">
 <persName>PN0004</persName>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspDesc xml:id="message1">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>John Gneisenau Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName xml:id="JTH">Julius Temple House</persName>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>
<correspDesc xml:id="message2">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Enid Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName sameAs="#JTH"/>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>

<correspDesc>

<correspDesc>
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
  <settlement>Dresden</settlement>
  <date when="1817-06-23">23 June 1817</date>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>
  <settlement>Prag</settlement>
 </correspAction>
 <correspContext>
  <ref type="prev"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041209">Previous letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
     to <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date from="1817-06-19" to="1817-06-20">June 19/20, 1817</date>
  </ref>
  <ref type="next"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041217">Next letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date when="1817-06-27">June 27, 1817</date>
  </ref>
 </correspContext>
</correspDesc>

<correspAction>

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>Adelbert von Chamisso</persName>
 <settlement>Vertus</settlement>
 <date when="1807-01-29"/>
</correspAction>

<correspContext>

<correspContext>
 <ref type="prev"
  target="http://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A040962"> Previous letter of
 <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
 <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
 <date when="1816-12-30">December 30, 1816</date>
 </ref>
 <ref type="next"
  target="http://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041003"> Next letter of
 <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
 <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
 <date when="1817-01-05">January 5, 1817</date>
 </ref>
</correspContext>

<revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc>
 <list>
  <item>
   <date when="2003-04-12">12 avril 03</date>Dernière révision par F. B.</item>
  <item>
   <date when="2003-03-01">1 mars 03</date> F.B a fait le nouveau fichier.</item>
 </list>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.4. Dates and Times

<date when="1980-02-12">12/2/1980</date>

3.6.4. Dates and Times

Given on the <date when="1977-06-12">Twelfth Day of June
in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and
Seventy-seven of the Republic the Two Hundredth and first
and of the University the Eighty-Sixth.</date>

3.6.4. Dates and Times

<date when="2001">The year 2001</date>
<date when="2001-09">September 2001</date>
<date when="2001-09-11">11 Sep 01</date>
<date when="--09-11">9/11</date>
<date when="--09">September</date>
<date when="---11">Eleventh of the month</date>
<time when="08:48:00">8:48</time>
<date when="2001-09-11T12:48:00">Sept 11th, 12 minutes before 9 am</date>

3.6.4. Dates and Times

<p>Those five years —
<date from="1918" to="1923">1918 to 1923</date>
— had been, he suspected,
somehow very important.</p>

3.6.4. Dates and Times

<p>The Eddic poems are preserved in a unique
manuscript (Codex Regius 2365) from
<date notBefore="1250" notAfter="1300">the second half of the
   thirteenth century</date>, and <title>Hervarar
   saga</title> dates from <date when="1300">around 1300</date>.</p>

<date>

<date when="1980-02">early February 1980</date>

<date>

<date when="1980-02">au début de février 1980</date>

<date>

<date when="1654-11-23">L'an de grâce 1654,<lb/> Lundi, 23 novembre, jour de saint Clément,
pape et martyr et autres au martyrologe, <lb/>Veille de saint Chrysogone, martyr, et
autres, <lb/> Depuis environ dix heures et demie du soir jusques environ minuit et
demi.</date>

<date>

<date when="1990-09">septembre mcmxc</date>
<date when="--09">septembre</date>
<date when="2001-09-11T12:48:00">11 septembre, neuf heures moins douze GMT</date>

<date>

他出生於<date calendar="#gregorian">西元2007年12月24日</date> (<date calendar="#chinese" when="2007-12-24"> 丁亥年11月15日</date>).

<date>

<date when="1980-02">西元1980年2月初</date>

<date>

<date when="0637-11">貞觀十一年十一月</date>，唐太宗聽說年輕的武則天長得妖媚嬌艷，楚楚動人，便將她納入宮中，封為四品才人，賜號「武媚」。

<date>

<date when="1990-09">西元1990年9月</date>

<date>

Given on the <date when="1977-06-12">Twelfth Day
of June in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and Seventy-seven of the Republic
the Two Hundredth and first and of the University the Eighty-Sixth.</date>

<date>

<date when="1990-09">September 1990</date>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Envisioning Information</title>
  <author>Tufte, Edward R[olf]</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <extent>126 pp.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn. USA</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
</biblFull>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl type="article"
 subtype="magazine_article" xml:id="beaupaire_1911">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Beaupaire</surname>
     (<forename>Edmond</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">A propos de la rue de la Femme-sans-Tête</title>,
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="j">La Cité</title>,
 <date when="1911-01">janvier 1911</date>, pp. <biblScope unit="page" from="5" to="17">5-17</biblScope>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

<analytic>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope>377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>Saarikoski, Pirkko-Liisa, and Paavo Suomalainen,
<title level="a" type="main">Studies on the physiology of
   the hibernating hedgehog, 15</title>
 <title level="a" type="sub">Effects of seasonal
   and temperature changes on the in vitro glycerol release from
   brown adipose tissue</title>
 <title level="j">Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A4</title>
 <date>1972</date>
 <biblScope unit="volume">187</biblScope>
 <biblScope unit="page" to="4">1-4</biblScope>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">US</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">6885550</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.uspto.gov/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-04-26">April 26, 2005</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">EP</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">1558513</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">A1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-08-03"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2009-09-09"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Boguraev, Branimir</author>
  <author>Neff, Mary</author>
  <title level="a">Text Representation, Dictionary Structure,
     and Lexical Knowledge</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">110-112</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <citedRange>378</citedRange>
</biblStruct>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
 <date>1987</date>
</imprint>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Les Éd. de Minuit</publisher>
 <date>2001</date>
</imprint>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>香港</pubPlace>
 <publisher>皇冠</publisher>
 <date>2005</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
 <date>1987</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Les Éditions de Minuit</publisher>
 <date>2001</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>上海</pubPlace>
 <publisher>上海古籍出版社</publisher>
 <date>2008</date>
</imprint>

<pubPlace>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
</publicationStmt>

<pubPlace>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Editions Denoëll</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <date>1975</date>
</publicationStmt>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">L'Enracinement</title>
 <author>Simone Weil</author>, <title>Prélude à une déclaration des devoirs envers l'être
   humain </title>. <publisher>Gallimard</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">我的從影經過</title>。收錄於 <author>王漢倫</author>，<title>中國無聲電影</title>.
<publisher>北京：中國電影</publisher>
 <date>1996</date>。
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
<author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
<publisher>OUP</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <edition>first edition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
   <date>1990</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Anouilh, Jean</author>
  <title>Antigone</title>
  <edition>première édition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>in Nouvelles pièces noires, La Table ronde</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <date>1955</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>王大明</author>
  <author>文天行</author>
  <author>廖全京</author>
  <title>抗戰文藝報刊編目彙編</title>
  <edition>初版</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>四川省社會科學院</publisher>
   <pubPlace>成都</pubPlace>
   <date>1984</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<dateline>

<front>
 <dateline>Datum in Mexico <date when="1531">primo die Augusti 1531</date>
 </dateline>
 <p> Al muy Magnifico y muy Reverendo Señor el Señor <rs type="person" ref="#IoannesDantiscus">obispo diócesis Colmensis</rs>
 </p>
</front>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Et, sur cet océan bourdonnant de mille vaguelettes, se leva l'armée caressante et si
   tendre des merveilleuses sirènes blondes aux seins durs comme ça. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Thionne-Paris</name>, <date>1950-1951.</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place"> à Paris </name>, <date>le 2 septembre 1769</date>
 </dateline>
</opener>
<p>Mais non, ma bonne amie, vous n' aviez pas raison de vous plaindre... </p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">杭州西湖</name>
  <date>2008年4月1日</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>親愛的小張：</salute>
</opener>
<p>很抱歉，我今天有事無法赴約，希望您能諒解...</p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">Great Marlborough Street</name>
  <date>November 11, 1848</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>My dear Sir,</salute>
</opener>
<p>I am sorry to say that absence from town and other circumstances have prevented me from
earlier enquiring...</p>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Voilà, cher Rhedi, ce que j' appelle le droit public. Voilà le droit des gens, ou
   plutôt celui de la raison. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">à Paris </name>, <date>le 4 de la lune de Zilhagé, 1716. </date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1942">Printemps 1942 </date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Cher ami, </salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Le printemps vient maintenant. J'espère que là où tu es le climat à cette saison n'est
   pas encore pénible. C'est le moment des travaux des champs ; peut-être arrivera-t-on à
   quelque chose pour toi. S'il n'y a pas moyen de te faire venir en France, faut-il faire
   des démarches pour essayer de te faire quitter l'Europe ? Écris-le-moi. </p>
 <p>[...] </p>
 <closer>
  <salute> Crois à mon amitié fraternelle. </salute>
  <signed>Simone Weil </signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>Voici la traduction de quelques vers grecs d'Eschyle. Ils sont prononcés par
     Prométhée, le dieu qui, d'après les croyances des Grecs, avait sauvé les hommes de la
     destruction, avait volé le feu pour le leur donner et leur avait appris le langage, le
     nombre, l'astronomie, les métiers et les arts. Il en fut puni et fut cloué sur un
     rocher. La tragédie d'Eschyle commence par la scène où on le cloue ; il se tait
     pendant ce temps, puis, quand ses bourreaux sont partis, il dit : [...]</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1911-03-26">辛亥三月二十六</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>意映卿卿如晤：</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>吾今以此書與汝永別矣！吾作此書，淚珠和筆墨齊下，不能竟書，而欲擱筆！又恐汝不察吾衷，謂吾忍舍汝而死，謂吾不知汝之不欲吾死也，故遂忍悲為汝言之。...</p>
 <closer>
  <signed>夜四鼓<name>意洞</name>手書</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
Printed for <name>E. Nutt</name>,
at
<pubPlace>Royal Exchange</pubPlace>;
<name>J. Roberts</name> in
<pubPlace>wick-Lane</pubPlace>;
<name>A. Dodd</name> without
<pubPlace>Temple-Bar</pubPlace>;
and <name>J. Graves</name> in
<pubPlace>St. James's-street.</pubPlace>
 <date>1722.</date>
</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
Printed for <name>E. Nutt</name>,
at
<pubPlace>Royal Exchange</pubPlace>;
<name>J. Roberts</name> in
<pubPlace>wick-Lane</pubPlace>;
<name>A. Dodd</name> without
<pubPlace>Temple-Bar</pubPlace>;
and <name>J. Graves</name> in
<pubPlace>St. James's-street.</pubPlace>
 <date>1722.</date>
</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <date>1995</date>年初版發行於<pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>：<pubPlace>麥田出版</pubPlace>，<name>王德威</name>主編 ; 另外亦出版於<pubPlace>香港</pubPlace>： <pubPlace>城邦</pubPlace>; <pubPlace>馬來西亞</pubPlace>：<pubPlace>城邦</pubPlace>。
</docImprint>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p>Tant qu'il existera, par le fait des lois et des moeurs, une
     damnation sociale créant artificiellement, en pleine civilisation,
     des enfers, et compliquant d'une fatalité humaine la destinée qui
     est divine ; tant que les trois problèmes du siècle, la dégradation
     de l'homme par le prolétariat, la déchéance de la femme par la faim,
     l'atrophie de l'enfant par la nuit, ne seront pas résolus; tant que,
     dans certaines régions, l'asphyxie sociale sera possible; en
     d'autres termes, et à un point de vue plus étendu encore, tant qu'il
     aura sur la terre ignorance et misère, des livres de la nature de
     celui-ci pourront ne pas être inutiles.</p>
  <closer>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Hauteville-House</name>
    <date>1er janvier 1862</date>
   </dateline>
  </closer>
 </div>
</front>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <p>La Machine Infernale a été
   représentée pour la première fois au
 <rs type="place-theatre">théâtre Louis-Jouvet</rs>
  <rs type="place-theatre">(Comédie des
     Champs-élysées)</rs>
  <date>le 10 avril 1934</date>,
   avec les décors et les costumes de
 <name>Christian Bérard.</name> ... </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Gateway Theatre, Edinburgh</rs>, <date>6 September 1948</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Anath Bithiah</role>
    <actor>Athene Seyler</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Shendi</role>
    <actor>Robert Rietty</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Directed by <name>E. Martin Browne</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Théâtre national du Petit-Odéon, Paris</rs>, <date>du 10 Décembre 1974
     au 12 Janvier 1975</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Paul Valéry</role>
    <actor>Michel Duchaussoy</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Joseph</role>
    <actor>Gérad Caillaud</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>M. Teste</role>
    <actor>Pierre Dux</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Mme Teste</role>
    <actor>Claude Winter</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>L'abbé Mosson</role>
    <actor>Jacques Toja</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Adaptation et mise en scène de <name>Pierre Franck</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Distribution <rs type="place">Comédie des Champs-Elysées, Paris,</rs>
  <date>1923</date>(par ordre d'entrée en scène) <castList>
   <castItem>Knock : Louis Jouvet</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">新竹市文化局演藝廳</rs>, <date>2008年3月14日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉福春</role>
    <actor>陳忠義</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉麗月</role>
    <actor>陳慧如</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>監製： <name>李永得</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>首演假<rs type="place">台北國家劇院</rs>於 <date>2007年10月12日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>劉麗君: 徐堰鈴飾</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Cast of the original production at the <rs type="place">Savoy Theatre, London,</rs> on
 <date>September 24, 1907</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>Colonel Hope : Mr A.E.George</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<performance>
 <p>The first performance in Great Britain of <title>Waiting for
     Godot</title> was given at the Arts Theatre, London, on
 <date when="1955-08-03">3rd August 1955</date>. It was directed by
 <name>Peter Hall</name>, and the décor was by <name>Peter
     Snow</name>. The cast was as follows:</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>Estragon: Peter Woodthorpe</castItem>
  <castItem>Vladimir: Paul Daneman</castItem>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<sourceDesc>
 <scriptStmt xml:id="CNN12">
  <bibl>
   <author>CNN Network News</author>
   <title>News headlines</title>
   <date when="1991-06-12">12 Jun 91</date>
  </bibl>
 </scriptStmt>
</sourceDesc>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3001">
  <date>14 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3002">
  <date>17 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3003">
  <date>22 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <p>
  <orgName>Harmonia Mundi</orgName> S.A., enregistré à <placeName>Boughton Aluph Saints
     Church</placeName>, <date>septembre 1977</date>.</p>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>Radio Trent</author>
  <title>Gone Tomorrow</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Presenter</resp>
   <name>Tim Maby</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Producer</resp>
   <name>Mary Kerr</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">12 June 89, 1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>中國廣播公司</author>
  <title>司馬中原說鬼故事</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>司馬中原</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>常勤芬</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">1989年6月12日1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.3. Documenting the Sampling of CMC data

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Sampled using the <name type="API">Twitter Filtered stream v2-API</name> (see <ptr type="APIdoc"
   target="https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/filtered-stream/api-reference/get-tweets-search-stream"/>) Filtered for the German language and the following countries: Germany, Austria,
   Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, and Luxembourg. Downloaded on <date when="2022-12-12">Mon 12 Dec 22</date> using the command
 <code>requests.get("https://api.twitter.com/2/tweets/search/stream",
     headers=headers, params=params, stream=True,)</code> in the python script <name type="script">collectFilteredTwitterStream.py</name>. </p>
</samplingDecl>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <body>: --><div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post05" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="./userList.xml#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post07" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
  <date when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z">01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
 </signed>
</post>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post08" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern. </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"> [_DELETED-SIGNATURE_]
 <date synch="#t007">[_DELETED-TIMESTAMP_]</date>
 </signed>
</post>

10. Dictionaries

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.7.1.1. Support

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Paper</material> with watermark: <watermark>anchor in a circle with
     star on top</watermark>, <watermark>countermark B-B with trefoil</watermark>
   similar to <ref>Mošin, Anchor N 1680</ref>
  <date>1570-1585</date>.</p>
</support>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>Durham</origPlace> during <origDate notBefore="1125"
    notAfter="1175">the mid-twelfth
       century</origDate>.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval catalogues of the books belonging to
  <name type="org">Durham Priory</name>, made in <date>1391</date> and
  <date>1405</date>.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to <name type="person">W. Olleyf</name> by <name type="person">William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)</name> and later belonged to
  <name type="person">Henry Dalton</name>, Prior of Holy Island (<name type="place">Lindisfarne</name>) according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to <name type="org">Trinity College</name> in
  <date>1738</date> by <name type="person">Thomas Gale</name> and his son <name type="person">Roger</name>.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin notBefore="1225" notAfter="1275"> Written in Spain or Portugal in the
   middle of the 13th century (the date 1042, given in a marginal note on f. 97v,
   cannot be correct.)</origin>
 <provenance>The Spanish scholar <name type="person">Benito Arias Montano</name>
   (1527-1598) has written his name on f. 97r, and may be presumed to have owned
   the manuscript. </provenance>
 <provenance>It came somehow into the possession of <foreign xml:lang="da">etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Holger Parsberg</name> (1636-1692), who has written his name
   twice, once on the front pastedown and once on f. 1r, the former dated
 <date>1680</date> and the latter <date>1682</date>.</provenance>
 <provenance>Following Parsberg's death the manuscript was bought by
 <foreign>etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Jens Rosenkrantz</name> (1640-1695) when Parsberg's library
   was auctioned off (23 October 1693).</provenance>
 <acquisition notBefore="1696"
  notAfter="1697">The manuscript was acquired by
   Árni Magnússon from the estate of Jens Rosenkrantz, presumably at auction (the
   auction lot number 468 is written in red chalk on the flyleaf), either in 1696
   or 97.</acquisition>
</history>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Record created <date>1 Aug 2004</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>Until 2015 permission to photocopy some materials from this
     collection has been limited at the request of the donor. Please ask repository staff for details
     if you are interested in obtaining photocopies from Series 1:
     Correspondence.</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>Collection donated to the Manuscript Library by the Estate of
     Edgar Holden in 1993. Donor number: 1993-034.</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
  <change when="2009-10-05" who="Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5
       octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure de la
     Réserve des livres rares</change>
  <change when="2009-06-01" who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er juin
       2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
  <change when="2009-06-25" who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
       juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
 </recordHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>紀錄建立於<date>2004年8月1日</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>2015年以前，非經贈與此書者同意，不得翻印。若對內容有興趣，請洽藏書單位。</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>此收藏1993年捐贈於故宮博物院。贈與編號：1993-034。</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<custEvent>

<custEvent type="photography">Photographed by David Cooper on <date>12 Dec 1964</date>
</custEvent>

<custEvent>

<custEvent type="photography">Photographed by David Cooper on <date>12 Dec
   1964</date>
</custEvent>

<custEvent>

<custEvent type="photography">大衛．庫柏攝於<date>1964年12月12日</date>
</custEvent>

11.9.2. Surrogates

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (master)</title>
  <idno>G.neg. 160</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (archive)</title>
  <idno>G.pos. 186</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 795 4to</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-27">27 January 1999</date>
  <note>copy of G.pos.
     186</note>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>reg.nr. 75</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-25">25 January 1999</date>
  <note>photographs of the spine, outside covers, stitching etc.</note>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <p>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
   <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>May 1984</date>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
   <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>1972</date>
  </bibl>
 </p>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">透明正片</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">黑白輸出</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <date notAfter="1816-07-18"/>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="mod1" when="1816-07-16">The first draft of
   <title>Persuasion</title>, completed by the date <date>July 16 1816</date>
       which is written after the word <q>Finis</q> at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>.</change>
   <change xml:id="mod2"
    notBefore="1816-07-16">After the <date>16th of July</date>
       Austen starts revision of the two final chapters, by rewriting the end and
       adding a new zone (<ref target="#transp-1">pages 32-35</ref>) to be inserted at
   <ref target="#insertion-p1">page 19</ref>. This stage is documented by the
       deletion of the date (<date>July 16 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>, and the addition of more text and of a new date (<date>July 18.
         1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-31">page 31</ref>
   </change>
   <change notBefore="1816-07-18">Before publication, after <date>July 18th,
         1816</date> chapters 10-11 were broken into three chapters, 10, 11, 12, as
       witnessed by the print.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<date when="1807-06-09">June 9th</date> The period is approaching which will terminate my present
copartnership. On the <date when="1808-01-01">1st Jany.</date> next, it expires by its own limitation.

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<taxonomy xml:id="greekperiods">
 <category xml:id="tyranny">
  <catDesc>Before 510 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="classical">
  <catDesc>Between 510 and 323 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="hellenistic">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Hellenistic">Hellenistic</ref>. Commonly treated as <date notBefore="-0323" notAfter="-0031">from the death of Alexander to the Roman conquest.</date>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="roman">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman</ref>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="christian">
  <catDesc> The Christian period technically starts at the birth of Jesus, but in practice is considered to date from
     the conversion of Constantine in <date when="0312">312 AD</date>. </catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<date from="1857-03-01"
 notAfter="1857-04-30">From the 1st of March to some time later in March or April of 1857.</date>

14.2.4. Event Names

<p>On <date when="1719-03-19">Monday</date>, <rs type="person">she</rs> was writing about the
<eventName ref="#SecondDefPrague">1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName> which initiated the
<rs type="event" ref="#ThirtyYearsWar">long war</rs>.</p>

<eventName>

<p>On <date when="1719-03-19">Monday</date>, <rs type="person">she</rs> was writing about the
<eventName ref="#SecondDefPrague">1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName> which initiated the
<rs type="event" ref="#ThirtyYearsWar">long war</rs>.</p>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

<birth>

<birth when="1901-01-16"> Elle est née le<date> 16 janvier 1901</date> à <name type="place">Louvres</name>, alors commune de <name type="place">Seine-et-Oise</name> (aujourd'hui
dans le <name type="place">Val-d'Oise</name>), au nord-ouest de l'actuel aéroport de<name type="place"> Roissy</name>. </birth>

<birth>

<birth when="1960-12-10">
 <date>1960年12月10日</date>早晨，在一個靠近<name type="place">龍山寺</name>的小平房裡
</birth>

<birth>

<birth when="1960-12-10">In a small cottage near <name type="place">Aix-la-Chapelle</name>,
early in the morning of <date>10 Dec 1960</date>
</birth>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

<date when="1786-12-11">
 <date dur="P14D">A fortnight</date>
 <offset>before</offset>
 <date when="1786-12-25" type="holiday">Christmas 1786</date>
</date>

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

<date when="--12-02">
 <date>A week</date>
 <offset>before</offset>
 <date when="--12-09">
  <date type="occasion">my birthday</date> on <date>9th December</date>
 </date>
</date>

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

<date when="--12-09">
 <date>A week</date>
 <offset>before</offset>
 <date type="occasion" when="--12-16">my birthday</date> on <date>9th December</date>
</date>

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

Not only is the city, <date ana="#gf50">during the Fair</date>, a horrible
nucleus of immorality and wickedness; it sends our multitudes to pollute and demoralize the country.

14.4.2. Absolute Dates and Times

The university's view of American affairs
produced a stinging attack by Edmund Burke in the Commons debate of <date when="1775-10-26">26 October
1775</date>

14.4.2. Absolute Dates and Times

<date when="1993-05-14">Friday, 14 May 1993</date>

14.4.2. Absolute Dates and Times

In
New York, <date type="occasion" when="--01-01">New Year's Day</date> is the quietest of holidays, <date when="--07-04" type="occasion">Independence Day</date> the most turbulent.

14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

<date from="1301" to="1400">fourteenth century</date>
<date from="1301" dur="P100Y">fourteenth century</date>

14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

<date when-iso="13">fourteenth
century</date>
<date when-iso="1301/1400">fourteenth century</date>
<date when-iso="1301/P100Y">fourteenth century</date>

att.datable.iso

<date when-iso="1996-09-24T07:25+00">Sept. 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date>
<date when-iso="1996-09-24T03:25-04">Sept. 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date>
<time when-iso="1999-01-04T20:42-05">4 Jan 1999 at 8:42 pm</time>
<time when-iso="1999-W01-1T20,70-05">4 Jan 1999 at 8:42 pm</time>
<date when-iso="2006-05-18T10:03">a few minutes after ten in the morning on Thu 18 May</date>
<time when-iso="03:00">3 A.M.</time>
<time when-iso="14">around two</time>
<time when-iso="15,5">half past three</time>

att.datable.iso

<date when-iso="1996-09-24T07:25+00">le 24 sept. 1996, à 3 h 25 du matin.</date>
<date when-iso="1996-09-24T03:25-04">le 24 sept. 1996, à 3 h 25 du matin.</date>
<time when-iso="1999-01-04T20:42-05">le 4 janvier 1999 à 8 h.42 du soir </time>
<time when-iso="1999-W01-1T20,70-05">le 4 janvier 1999 à 8 h.42 du soir </time>
<date when-iso="2006-05-18T10:03">quelques minutes après 10 heures du matin, le mardi 18
mai.</date>
<time when-iso="03:00">3 h. du matin.</time>
<time when-iso="14">aux alentours de deux heures.</time>
<time when-iso="15,5">trois heures et demi.</time>

att.datable.iso

<date when-iso="2007-06-01" dur-iso="P8D"/>

att.datable.iso

<date when-iso="2007-06-01/P8D"/>

att.datable.iso

<date when-iso="2007-06-01" dur-iso="P8D"/>

att.datable.iso

<date when-iso="2007-06-01/P8D"/>

att.datable.iso

<date when-iso="2007-06-01" dur-iso="P8D"/>

att.datable.iso

<date when-iso="2007-06-01/P8D"/>

att.calendarSystem

He was born on <date calendar="#gregorian">Feb. 22, 1732</date> (<date calendar="#julian" when="1732-02-22">Feb. 11, 1731/32,
O.S.</date>).

att.calendarSystem

He was born on <date calendar="#gregorian #julian"
 when="1732-02-22">Feb. 22, 1732
(Feb. 11, 1731/32, O.S.)</date>.

att.calendarSystem

<date calendar="#julian #gregorian"
 when="1829-05-19">Dienstag 7/19
Mai</date>.

att.calendarSystem

L'année
1960 fut, en vertu du calendrier grégorien, bissextile ; le 22 juin tomba ainsi le jour de
l'été, le <date calendar="#gregorian">22 juin</date>.

14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

<date dur-iso="P1,5D">a day and a half</date>

14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

<date dur-iso="P14D">a fortnight</date>

14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

<date dur-iso="P1,5D">une journee et demie</date>

14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

<date dur-iso="P14D">une quinzaine</date>

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

<p>The Poole by S. <hi>Giles</hi> Churchyarde was a large water in the yeare <date calendar="#Julian_England">1244</date>.</p>

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

<head> The Tryumphs of Peace.<lb/> That Celebrated the Solemnity of the right Honorable Sr Francis Iones Knight, at
his Inauguration into the Maioraltie of London, on Monday being the <date when-custom="1620-10-30"
  datingMethod="#Julian_England" calendar="#Julian_England"> 30. of October, 1620. </date>
</head>

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

<date when-custom="1620-10-30"
 when="1620-11-09" datingMethod="#Julian_England"
 calendar="#Julian_England"> 30. of
October, 1620. </date>

16. Language Corpora

<derivation>

<derivation type="translation"
 source="#rosette"/>
<!-- ... -->
<!-- in the sourceDesc: -->
<bibl xml:id="rosette">
 <author>de Béranger, Pierre-Jean</author>. <date>1839</date>. "<title level="a">Rosette</title>". In <editor>H. Fournier</editor>, ed. <title level="m">Œuvres complètes de Béranger</title>. <biblScope unit="volume">Vol 2</biblScope> (p. <biblScope unit="page">29-30</biblScope>).
</bibl>

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

16.2.3. The Setting Description

<settingDesc>
 <setting who="#p1 #p2">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>rug of a suburban home</locale>
  <activity>playing</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p3">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>at the sink</locale>
  <activity>washing-up</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p4">
  <name type="place">London, UK</name>
  <time>unknown</time>
  <locale>broadcasting studio</locale>
  <activity>radio performance</activity>
 </setting>
</settingDesc>

<setting>

<setting>
 <placeName>New York City, US</placeName>
 <date>1989</date>
 <locale>on a park bench</locale>
 <activity>feeding birds</activity>
</setting>

<setting>

<setting>
 <name> Clermont-Ferrand</name>
 <date>Mi-décembre</date>
 <locale>Ceyrat</locale>
 <activity>mise en marche de la voiture</activity>
</setting>

<setting>

<setting>
 <name>台灣，台北</name>
 <date>1970</date>
 <locale>-新公園的長凳上</locale>
 <activity>躺臥</activity>
</setting>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

<p>In small clumsy letters he wrote:
<q rend="centered italic">
  <date xml:id="d840404">April 4th,
     1984</date>.</q>
</p>
<p>He sat back. A sense of complete helplessness had
descended upon him. ...</p>
<p>His small but childish handwriting straggled up
and down the page, shedding first its capital letters
and finally even its full stops:
<q rend="italic">
  <date>April 4th, 1984</date>.
   Last night to the flicks. ... </q>
</p>

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

<date sameAs="#d840404">April 4th,
1984</date>
Last night to the flicks ...

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

<date rend="italic" copyOf="#d840404"/>

17.8. Alternation

<s>Let's go to
<name exclude="#mayn" xml:id="mayd">May</name>
 <date copyOf="#mayd" exclude="#mayd"
  xml:id="mayn"/>.</s>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<precision>

<date xml:id="date001" notBefore="0014"
 notAfter="0064">Within about 50
years of the death of Augustus</date>
<precision target="#date001"
 match="@notBefore" precision="high"/>
<precision target="#date001"
 match="@notAfter" precision="low"/>

<precision>

<date notBefore="1632" notAfter="1642">Not more than ten years before the start of the Civil War
<precision match="@notBefore"
  precision="low"/>
 <precision match="@notAfter"
  precision="high"/>
</date>

22.2. Indications of Precision

<date notBefore="1930" notAfter="1935">Early in the 1930s</date>...

22.2. Indications of Precision

<date xml:id="d001" notBefore="0014"
 notAfter="0064">About 50
years after the death of Augustus</date>
<precision target="#d001" match="@notAfter"
 precision="low"/>
<precision target="#d001"
 match="@notBefore" precision="high"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<time>

<time> (time) contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format. [3.6.4. Dates and Times]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.calendarSystem

@calendar

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.dateLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose setting

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: recording u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

As he sat smiling, the
quarter struck — <time when="11:45:00">the quarter to twelve</time>.

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element time
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.calendarSystem.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.global )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <time> (time)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <time> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <time> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.cmc

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="2" synch="#t00394407" who="#WU00005582">
 <p> Kurze Nachfrage: Die Hieros für den Goldnamen stammen
   auch von Beckerath gem. Literatur ? Grüße --</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">18:50, 22. Okt. 2008 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="written" generatedBy="human">
<!-- ... main content of posting ... -->
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.datable.w3c

<p>
 <date when="1945-10-24">24 Oct 45</date>
 <date when="1996-09-24T07:25:00Z">September 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date>
 <time when="1999-01-04T20:42:00-05:00">Jan 4 1999 at 8 pm</time>
 <time when="14:12:38">fourteen twelve and 38 seconds</time>
 <date when="1962-10">October of 1962</date>
 <date when="--06-12">June 12th</date>
 <date when="---01">the first of the month</date>
 <date when="--08">August</date>
 <date when="2006">MMVI</date>
 <date when="0056">AD 56</date>
 <date when="-0056">56 BC</date>
</p>

att.datable.w3c

<p>
 <date when="1945-10-24">24 Oct 45</date>
 <date when="1996-09-24T07:25:00Z">24 septembre 1996 à 3h 25 du matin</date>
 <time when="1999-01-04T20:42:00-05:00">4 janvier 1999 à 8h de l'après-midi.</time>
 <time when="14:12:38">14 h 12 minutes et 38 secondes</time>
 <date when="1962-10">octobre 1962</date>
 <date when="--06-12">12 juin</date>
 <date when="---01">premier du mois</date>
 <date when="--08">Août</date>
 <date when="2006">MMVI</date>
 <date when="0056">56 ap. J.-C.</date>
 <date when="-0056">56 av. J.-C.</date>
</p>

att.datable.w3c

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <placeName>Dorchester, Village,</placeName>
  <date when="1828-03-02">March 2d. 1828.</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>To
   Mrs. Cornell,</salute> Sunday <time when="12:00:00">noon.</time>
</opener>

att.indentation

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<time dur="PT45M">forty-five minutes</time>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<time dur="PT45M">quarante-cinq minutes</time>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<time dur="PT0.02S">20 ms</time>

2. The TEI Header

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.4. Dates and Times

<date when="2001">The year 2001</date>
<date when="2001-09">September 2001</date>
<date when="2001-09-11">11 Sep 01</date>
<date when="--09-11">9/11</date>
<date when="--09">September</date>
<date when="---11">Eleventh of the month</date>
<time when="08:48:00">8:48</time>
<date when="2001-09-11T12:48:00">Sept 11th, 12 minutes before 9 am</date>

<time>

As he sat smiling, the
quarter struck — <time when="11:45:00">the quarter to twelve</time>.

<time>

Bonsoir, il est <time when="00:00:00">minuit</time> ici, l'heure de dormir, et chez vous
à Paris, il est seulement <time when="07:00:00">7 h.</time> Je te
rapporterai plein de souvenirs pour te faire partager cette
expérience unique.

<time>

下班火車將於 <time when="11:45:00">差一刻十二點</time>出發。

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post19" indentLevel="0" who="#u005" synch="#t005">
 <p>I'm not sure that this is a proper criterium, or even what this means. What if we set
   an explosion that breaks a comet into two pieces? What if we build a moon? Cheers,
 </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:Greenodd">Greenodd</ref> (<ref target="/wiki/User_talk:Greenodd">talk</ref>) <time>01:00, 21
     July 2011 (UTC)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written" type="tweet"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t001"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043764753502486528" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:31 </time> Heute mit super Unterstützung, wir grunzen,
wenn die Zeit vorbei ist. <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref> PS: Die beiden brauchen noch Namen. Hinweise dazu am Empfang abgeben!
<ref type="twitter-account"
  target="https://twitter.com/AndreLo79">@AndreLo79</ref>
 <figure type="image">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnwygdSW4AAoTUn.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="unspecified" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:id="cmc_post_1043769240136880128">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043767827927388160"/>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u3"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043767827927388160">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:43 </time>
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dnw1TRNXgAAKqlK.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written" rend="color:black"
 who="#f2213001.A06" xml:id="cmc_post06">
 <time generatedBy="system">21:52</time>
das ist auf jedenfall krankheit

</post>

9.6.2. Posts with Graphics

<post type="tweet" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t006"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043823300479258624" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 16:24 </time> Bro Tri-Engel...so hab ich mir das
vorgestellt!!! @AndreLo79 #bcrn18 #wikidach @Heiko komm' mal Twitter! #Engel <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnxnwN9XsAEHXw2.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

9.6.3. Circulation

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796550101716993" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t004" xml:lang="de">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043796093786566656"/> Ich mich auch? <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dynamicduo?src=hash">#dynamicduo</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wirk%C3%BCmmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang?src=hash">#wirkümmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u2"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t003" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796093786566656">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 14:35 </time> Immer wieder gerne. Kann ich mich schon für
nächstes Jahr als Empfangs- <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Engel?src=hash">#Engel</ref> für das nächste
BarCamp bewerben <w pos="EMO">🤪</w>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <trailer>
  <fs>
   <f name="favoritecount">
    <numeric value="4"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </trailer>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.a" who="#A03.a"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.a">
 <time>00:22</time>
 <w>Bin</w>
 <w>soooooo</w>
 <w>im</w>
 <w>stress</w>
 <w>gewesen</w>
 <w>ich</w>
 <w>Armer</w>
 <w>lol</w>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.b" who="#A03.b"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.b">
 <time> 00:22 </time>
 <w>Bin</w>
 <w norm="so">soooooo</w>
 <w>im</w>
 <w norm="Stress">stress</w>
 <w>gewesen</w>
 <w>ich</w>
 <w>Armer</w>
 <w>lol</w>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.c" who="#A03.c"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.c">
 <time> 00:22 </time>
 <w lemma="sein" pos="VAFIN" xml:id="m16.t9">Bin</w>
 <w lemma="so" norm="so" pos="PTKIFG"
  xml:id="m16.t10">soooooo</w>
 <w lemma="in" pos="APPRART"
  xml:id="m16.t11">im</w>
 <w lemma="Stress" norm="Stress" pos="NN"
  xml:id="m16.t12">stress</w>
 <w lemma="sein" pos="VAPP" xml:id="m16.t13">gewesen</w>
 <w lemma="ich" pos="PPER" xml:id="m16.t14">ich</w>
 <w lemma="Armer" pos="NN" xml:id="m16.t15">Armer</w>
 <w lemma="lol" pos="AKW" xml:id="m16.t16">lol</w>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich
   selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel
   glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

<post>

<post when="1990-10-11" who="#dmerritt"
 xml:id="sgml-tei-3" replyTo="#sgml-tei-1">
 <time generatedBy="system">04:37:51 UTC</time>
 <p>
  <seg generatedBy="system">In article
  <ref target="#sgml-tei-1"><2****.**********0@m*******.***.*****.**c.uk></ref> S.*.*.*****z@e**.*****.**c.uk (Sebastian Rahtz) writes:</seg>
  <cit>
   <bibl>[for] Lou Burnard:</bibl>
   <quote>the Text Encoding Initiative document is a many-splendoured thing,
       redolent of the mysterious east, caribbean evenings and the scent of
       fresh pine in the himalayas [...]</quote>
  </cit>
 </p>
 <p>Very poetic.</p>
 <p>But really, what is it?</p>
 <signed generatedBy="human">Doug</signed>
 <signed generatedBy="template">Doug Merritt ****@e***.********y.edu (ucbvax!eris!doug) or uunet.uu.net!crossck!dougm
 </signed>
</post>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

I reached the station <time when="14:15:00">
 <time dur="PT30M0S">precisely half an hour</time>
 <offset>after</offset>
 <time when="13:45:00" type="occasion">the departure of the afternoon train to Boston</time>
</time>

14.4.2. Absolute Dates and Times

The train leaves for Boston at <time type="twentyfourHour" when="13:45:00">13:45</time>

14.4.2. Absolute Dates and Times

At <time type="occasion">sunset</time> we walked to the beach.

14.4.2. Absolute Dates and Times

The train leaves for Boston at <time xml:lang="en-US" type="descriptive"
 when="13:45:00-05:00"> a quarter of two </time>

att.datable.iso

<date when-iso="1996-09-24T07:25+00">Sept. 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date>
<date when-iso="1996-09-24T03:25-04">Sept. 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date>
<time when-iso="1999-01-04T20:42-05">4 Jan 1999 at 8:42 pm</time>
<time when-iso="1999-W01-1T20,70-05">4 Jan 1999 at 8:42 pm</time>
<date when-iso="2006-05-18T10:03">a few minutes after ten in the morning on Thu 18 May</date>
<time when-iso="03:00">3 A.M.</time>
<time when-iso="14">around two</time>
<time when-iso="15,5">half past three</time>

att.datable.iso

<date when-iso="1996-09-24T07:25+00">le 24 sept. 1996, à 3 h 25 du matin.</date>
<date when-iso="1996-09-24T03:25-04">le 24 sept. 1996, à 3 h 25 du matin.</date>
<time when-iso="1999-01-04T20:42-05">le 4 janvier 1999 à 8 h.42 du soir </time>
<time when-iso="1999-W01-1T20,70-05">le 4 janvier 1999 à 8 h.42 du soir </time>
<date when-iso="2006-05-18T10:03">quelques minutes après 10 heures du matin, le mardi 18
mai.</date>
<time when-iso="03:00">3 h. du matin.</time>
<time when-iso="14">aux alentours de deux heures.</time>
<time when-iso="15,5">trois heures et demi.</time>

att.datable.iso

Il aime à être ponctuel . J'ai dit<q>
 <time when-iso="12">autour du midi</time>
</q>, et il est apparu à <time when-iso="12:00:00">midi </time>à l'heure pile.

att.datable.iso

He likes to be punctual. I said <q>
 <time when-iso="12">around noon</time>
</q>, and he showed up at <time when-iso="12:00:00">12 O'clock</time> on the dot.

14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

<time dur-iso="PT0,75H">three-quarters of an hour</time>

14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

<time dur-iso="PT0,75H">trois quarts d'une heure</time>

14.4.3. More Expressive Normalizations

<time dur-iso="PT0.02S">20 ms</time>

16. Language Corpora

16.2.3. The Setting Description

<settingDesc>
 <setting who="#p1 #p2">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>rug of a suburban home</locale>
  <activity>playing</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p3">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>at the sink</locale>
  <activity>washing-up</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p4">
  <name type="place">London, UK</name>
  <time>unknown</time>
  <locale>broadcasting studio</locale>
  <activity>radio performance</activity>
 </setting>
</settingDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<abbr>

<abbr> (abbreviation) contains an abbreviation of any sort. [3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
(type) allows the encoder to classify the abbreviation according to some convenient typology.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

suspension

(suspension) the abbreviation provides the first letter(s) of the word or phrase, omitting the remainder.

contraction

(contraction) the abbreviation omits some letter(s) in the middle.

brevigraph

the abbreviation comprises a special symbol or mark.

superscription

(superscription) the abbreviation includes writing above the line.

acronym

(acronym) the abbreviation comprises the initial letters of the words of a phrase.

title

(title) the abbreviation is for a title of address (Dr, Ms, Mr, …)

organization

(organization) the abbreviation is for the name of an organization.

geographic

(geographic) the abbreviation is for a geographic name.

Note

The type attribute is provided for the sake of those who wish to classify abbreviations at their point of occurrence; this may be useful in some circumstances, though usually the same abbreviation will have the same type in all occurrences. As the sample values make clear, abbreviations may be classified by the method used to construct them, the method of writing them, or the referent of the term abbreviated; the typology used is up to the encoder and should be carefully planned to meet the needs of the expected use. For a typology of Middle English abbreviations, see Petty (1977)

Member of

model.choicePart model.pPart.editorial

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

If abbreviations are expanded silently, this practice should be documented in the editorialDecl, either with a normalization element or a p.

Example

<choice>
 <expan>North Atlantic Treaty Organization</expan>
 <abbr cert="low">NorATO</abbr>
 <abbr cert="high">NATO</abbr>
 <abbr cert="high" xml:lang="fr">OTAN</abbr>
</choice>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<choice>
 <abbr>SPQR</abbr>
 <expan>senatus populusque romanorum</expan>
</choice>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element abbr
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <abbr> (abbreviation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <abbr> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <abbr> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

10. Dictionaries

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

We can sum up the above discussion as follows:
the identity of a <abbr>CC</abbr> is defined by that calibration of values which
motivates the elements of its <abbr>GSP</abbr>; ...

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

Every manufacturer of <abbr>3GL</abbr> or <abbr>4GL</abbr>
languages is currently nailing on <abbr>OOP</abbr> extensions.

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

<abbr type="title">Dr.</abbr>
<abbr type="initial">M.</abbr> Deegan is
the Director of the <abbr type="acronym">CTI</abbr> Centre for Textual Studies.

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

<abbr>Dr. M.</abbr> Deegan is
the Director of the <abbr>CTI</abbr> Centre for Textual Studies.

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

the
<choice>
 <expan>World Wide Web Consortium</expan>
 <abbr>W3C</abbr>
</choice>

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

<choice>
 <abbr>RELAX NG</abbr>
 <expan>regular
   language for <choice>
   <abbr>XML</abbr>
   <expan>extensible markup
       language</expan>
  </choice>, next
   generation</expan>
</choice>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <expan>North Atlantic Treaty Organization</expan>
 <abbr cert="low">NorATO</abbr>
 <abbr cert="high">NATO</abbr>
 <abbr cert="high" xml:lang="fr">OTAN</abbr>
</choice>

<abbr>

<abbr>SPQR</abbr>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <abbr>SPQR</abbr>
 <expan xml:lang="la">senatus populusque romanorum</expan>
</choice>

<abbr>

<abbr>北大</abbr>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <abbr>北大</abbr>
 <expan>北京大學</expan>
</choice>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <abbr>SPQR</abbr>
 <expan>senatus populusque romanorum</expan>
</choice>

<expan>

The address is Southmoor
<choice>
 <expan>Road</expan>
 <abbr>Rd</abbr>
</choice>

<expan>

Il habite
<choice>
 <expan>Avenue</expan>
 <abbr>Av.</abbr>
</choice>de la Paix

<expan>

<choice>
 <expan>歐洲聯盟</expan>
 <abbr>歐盟</abbr>
</choice>

<expan>

<choice xml:lang="la">
 <abbr>Imp</abbr>
 <expan>Imp<ex>erator</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <abbr>
  <g ref="#per">per</g>
 </abbr> ardua</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="per">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN ABBREVIATION PER"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="per.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

10. Dictionaries

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>kilo-</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>élém. formant</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>entrant dans la constr. de subst. désignant des unités de mesure, dans tous les
     domaines de la phys., valant mille fois l'unité de base </def> ; <xr>v. <ref>kilogramme,
       kilogrammètre, kilomètre, kilotonne, kilowatt et aussi : </ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilocalorie </orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def> unité de mesure de quantité de chaleur valant mille calories (<abbr type="symb">symb. kcal</abbr>)</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilohertz</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>Unité de mesure de fréquence valant mille hertz (<abbr type="symb">kHz</abbr>
       )</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilojoule</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de travail valant mille joules (<abbr type="symb">kJ</abbr>)
   </def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kiloparsec</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de longueur astronomique valant mille parsecs</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilovolt</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de différences de potentiel, valant mille volts (<abbr type="symb">kv</abbr>)</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<abbr>eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <g ref="#b-per">per</g>sone
</abbr> ...

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<choice>
 <abbr>eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y</abbr>
 <expan>euery</expan>
</choice>

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<abbr>eu<am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>sone
</abbr> ...

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

For alle the while that I had
<choice>
 <sic>goo<abbr>ɗ</abbr>
 </sic>
 <expan resp="#mp" cert="high">good<ex>e</ex>
 </expan>
</choice> I was
welbeloued

<ex>

The address is Southmoor <choice>
 <expan>R<ex>oa</ex>d</expan>
 <abbr>Rd</abbr>
</choice>

<ex>

Il habite au 15 <choice>
 <expan>b<ex>oulevard</ex>d</expan>
 <abbr>bd</abbr>
</choice>Clemenceau.

<ex>

這裡是<choice>
 <expan>清<ex>華</ex>大<ex>學</ex>
 </expan>
 <abbr>清大</abbr>
</choice>

<am>

do you <abbr>Mr<am>.</am>
</abbr> Jones?

<am>

<choice>
 <abbr>Aug<am>g</am>
 </abbr>
 <expan>Aug<ex>ustorum duo</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

<am>

<abbr>eu<am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>sone

</abbr> ...

<am>

Le <abbr>Dr<am>.</am>
</abbr>
Pasquier se prit à marcher de long en large, les mains glissées dans la
ceinture de sa blouse.

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<witness xml:id="Σ">Servius (<abbr type="siglum">Σ</abbr>) = ΔΓ
<listWit>
  <witness xml:id="Δ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Δ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="J">
     <abbr type="siglum">J</abbr> = Metens. Bibl. mun. 292, s. IX </witness>
    <witness xml:id="L">
     <abbr type="siglum">L</abbr> = Leid. Bibl. der Rijksuniv. B.P.L. 52, s. VIII / IX</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
  <witness xml:id="Γ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Γ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="θ">
     <abbr type="siglum">θ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Α">
       <abbr type="siglum">A</abbr> = Caroliruh. Bad. Landesbibl. Aug. CXVI, s. IX2 (Reichenau); de codice A derivati:
      <listWit>
        <witness xml:id="S">
         <abbr type="siglum">S</abbr> = Sangall. Stiftsbibl. 861 + 862, s. IX / X</witness>
        <witness xml:id="Guelf">
         <abbr type="siglum">Guelf.</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2546 (44.23 Aug. fol.), s. XV</witness>
       </listWit>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="O">
       <abbr type="siglum">O</abbr> = Oxon. Bodl. Laud lat. 117, s. XI<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="τ">
     <abbr type="siglum">τ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Pa">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pa</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7959, s. IX (Tours)</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pc">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pc</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7961, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Q">
       <abbr type="siglum">Q</abbr>Flor. BML Plut. 45.14, s. IX</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Lb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Lb</abbr> = corrector cod. <ref target="#L">L</ref> (sup.)</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="γ">
     <abbr type="siglum">γ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="E">
       <abbr type="siglum">E</abbr> = Escorial. Bibl. S. Lorenzo T.II.17, s. IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi> (Ital. septentrion.) </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pb</abbr>Paris. BnF lat. 16236, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Y">
       <abbr type="siglum">Y</abbr> = Trident. Bib. com. 3388 (olim Vind. 72), s.
             IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="M">
       <abbr type="siglum">M</abbr> = Monac. Bay. Staatsbibl. Clm 6394, s. XI
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="σ">
     <abbr type="siglum">σ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="W">
       <abbr type="siglum">W</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2091, s. XIII<hi rend="superscript">ex.</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Ν">
       <abbr type="siglum">N</abbr> = Neap. Bibl. naz. lat. 5 (olim Vind. 27), s.
             X<hi rend="superscript">1</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="U">
       <abbr type="siglum">U</abbr> = Berolin. Staatsbibl. lat. quart. 219, s. XII</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="ο">
     <abbr type="siglum">º</abbr> classis codicum de Γ defluentium quibus lectiones faciliores in contextum contaminatione inferre valde placuit (= PaPcγσ in A. 9.1-10.190, 10.397-12.162; PaPcγU in A. 12.162-320; PaPcγ in A. 12.320-522); cf. praef. n. 30.</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
 </listWit>
</witness>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<ab style="text-align: center;">
 <lb/>SACRED
<lb/>to the memory of
<lb/>
 <abbr>M<hi rend="superscript">rs</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> ALICE HUTTON
<lb/>born at Che<g ref="#long-s">s</g>terfield in
<lb/>Great Britain,
<lb/>
 <abbr>Jan<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>25<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1722:
<lb/>and died in Carolina
<lb/>
 <abbr>Sept<hi rend="superscript">r</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>26<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1777.
<lb/>This <g ref="#long-s">s</g>tone
<lb/>is placed by her only Child
<lb/>ANN BOOTH POLLOK
</ab>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

You will want to use
<choice>
 <expan xml:id="CE-e1">Standard
   Generalized Markup Language</expan>
 <expan xml:id="CE-e40">Some Grandiose Methodology for Losers</expan>
 <abbr>SGML</abbr>
</choice> ...

<!-- ... -->
<certainty target="#CE-e1" locus="value"
 degree="0.9"/>
<certainty target="#CE-e40" locus="value"
 degree="0.5"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<expan>

<expan> (expansion) contains the expansion of an abbreviation. [3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

Member of

model.choicePart model.pPart.editorial

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The content of this element should be the expanded abbreviation, usually (but not always) a complete word or phrase. The ex element provided by the transcr module may be used to mark up sequences of letters supplied within such an expansion.

If abbreviations are expanded silently, this practice should be documented in the editorialDecl, either with a normalization element or a p.

Example

The address is Southmoor
<choice>
 <expan>Road</expan>
 <abbr>Rd</abbr>
</choice>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<choice xml:lang="la">
 <abbr>Imp</abbr>
 <expan>Imp<ex>erator</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element expan
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <expan> (expansion)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <expan> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <expan> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

the
<choice>
 <expan>World Wide Web Consortium</expan>
 <abbr>W3C</abbr>
</choice>

3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions

<choice>
 <abbr>RELAX NG</abbr>
 <expan>regular
   language for <choice>
   <abbr>XML</abbr>
   <expan>extensible markup
       language</expan>
  </choice>, next
   generation</expan>
</choice>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <expan>North Atlantic Treaty Organization</expan>
 <abbr cert="low">NorATO</abbr>
 <abbr cert="high">NATO</abbr>
 <abbr cert="high" xml:lang="fr">OTAN</abbr>
</choice>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <abbr>SPQR</abbr>
 <expan xml:lang="la">senatus populusque romanorum</expan>
</choice>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <abbr>北大</abbr>
 <expan>北京大學</expan>
</choice>

<abbr>

<choice>
 <abbr>SPQR</abbr>
 <expan>senatus populusque romanorum</expan>
</choice>

<expan>

The address is Southmoor
<choice>
 <expan>Road</expan>
 <abbr>Rd</abbr>
</choice>

<expan>

Il habite
<choice>
 <expan>Avenue</expan>
 <abbr>Av.</abbr>
</choice>de la Paix

<expan>

<choice>
 <expan>歐洲聯盟</expan>
 <abbr>歐盟</abbr>
</choice>

<expan>

<choice xml:lang="la">
 <abbr>Imp</abbr>
 <expan>Imp<ex>erator</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

11. Manuscript Description

11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<expan>euery</expan>
<expan>persone</expan> ...

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<choice>
 <abbr>eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y</abbr>
 <expan>euery</expan>
</choice>

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<expan>eu<ex>er</ex>y</expan>
<expan>
 <ex>per</ex>sone
</expan> ...

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

For alle the while that I had
<choice>
 <sic>goo<abbr>ɗ</abbr>
 </sic>
 <expan resp="#mp" cert="high">good<ex>e</ex>
 </expan>
</choice> I was
welbeloued

<ex>

The address is Southmoor <choice>
 <expan>R<ex>oa</ex>d</expan>
 <abbr>Rd</abbr>
</choice>

<ex>

Il habite au 15 <choice>
 <expan>b<ex>oulevard</ex>d</expan>
 <abbr>bd</abbr>
</choice>Clemenceau.

<ex>

這裡是<choice>
 <expan>清<ex>華</ex>大<ex>學</ex>
 </expan>
 <abbr>清大</abbr>
</choice>

<am>

<choice>
 <abbr>Aug<am>g</am>
 </abbr>
 <expan>Aug<ex>ustorum duo</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

You will want to use
<choice>
 <expan xml:id="CE-e1">Standard
   Generalized Markup Language</expan>
 <expan xml:id="CE-e40">Some Grandiose Methodology for Losers</expan>
 <abbr>SGML</abbr>
</choice> ...

<!-- ... -->
<certainty target="#CE-e1" locus="value"
 degree="0.9"/>
<certainty target="#CE-e40" locus="value"
 degree="0.5"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<ptr>

<ptr> (pointer) defines a pointer to another location. [3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References 17.1. Links]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cReferencing

@cRef

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

att.internetMedia

@mimeType

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.annotationPart.body model.ptrLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine analytic author bibl biblScope biblStruct cit citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned monogr name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg relatedItem resp rs rt said series sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc notatedMusic

header: application authority catDesc change classCode correspContext creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal publicationStmt rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab altGrp annotation joinGrp linkGrp seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: eLeaf eTree

spoken: transcriptionDesc u writing

tagdocs: eg listRef valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus transpose

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

The target and cRef attributes are mutually exclusive.

Example

<ptr target="#p143 #p144"/>
<ptr target="http://www.tei-c.org"/>
<ptr cRef="1.3.4"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:ptr">
<sch:report test="@target and @cRef">Only one of the attributes @target and @cRef may be supplied on <sch:name/>.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element ptr
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cReferencing.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.internetMedia.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <ptr> (pointer)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <ptr> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <ptr> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

23. Documentation Elements

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<ptr target="x12" targetLang="fr"/>

1.3.1.1.5. Evaluation of Links

<body>
 <div xml:base="http://www.example.org/somewhere.xml">
  <p>
<!--... -->
   <ptr target="elsewhere.xml"/>
<!--... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div>
  <p>
<!--... -->
   <ptr target="elsewhere.xml"/>
<!--... -->
  </p>
 </div>
</body>

att.pointing

<linkGrp xml:id="pol-swh_aln_2.1-linkGrp">
 <ptr xml:id="pol-swh_aln_2.1.1-ptr"
  target="pol/UDHR/text.xml#pol_txt_1-head" type="tuv" targetLang="pl"/>
 <ptr xml:id="pol-swh_aln_2.1.2-ptr"
  target="swh/UDHR/text.xml#swh_txt_1-head" type="tuv" targetLang="sw"/>
</linkGrp>

2. The TEI Header

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Zea Books</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Lincoln, NE</pubPlace>
 <date>2017</date>
 <availability>
  <p>This is an open access work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</p>
 </availability>
 <ptr target="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/55"/>
</publicationStmt>

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="RAMEAU">
  <bibl>Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié
     (RAMEAU) de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. <ptr target="http://rameau.bnf.fr/"/>
  </bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#RAMEAU">
  <term>Bien et mal -- Enseignement coranique</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

2.3.11. The Application Information Element

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>Image Markup Tool</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<appInfo>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.24" ident="Xaira">
  <label>XAIRA Indexer</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool1" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>Image Markup Tool</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.24" ident="Xaira">
  <label>XAIRA Indexer</label>
  <ptr target="#fr_HD"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool1" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>影像標記工具</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<correspContext>

<correspContext>
 <ptr type="next" subtype="toAuthor"
  target="http://tei.ibi.hu-berlin.de/berliner-intellektuelle/manuscript?Brief101VarnhagenanBoeckh"/>
 <ptr type="prev" subtype="fromAuthor"
  target="http://tei.ibi.hu-berlin.de/berliner-intellektuelle/manuscript?Brief103BoeckhanVarnhagen"/>
</correspContext>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<p>...
The complete XPointer specification is managed by the W3C<note place="foot">
  <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-framework/"/>,
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-element/"/>,
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xmlns/"/>, and
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xpointer/"/>
 </note>;
for a discussion of TEI schemes for XPointer, see
<ptr target="#eSATS"/>.</p>
<!--... -->
<div xml:id="eSATS">
<!--... -->
</div>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

See in particular <ptr target="#SEC12"/>.

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<list>
 <item>Saints aid rejected in mel. <ptr target="#p299"/>
 </item>
 <item>Sallets censured <ptr target="#p143 #p144"/>
 </item>
 <item>Sanguine mel. signs <ptr target="#p263"/>
 </item>
 <item>Scilla or sea onyon, a purger of mel. <ptr target="#p442"/>
 </item>
</list>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

Similar forms, often called
<term rend="ldquo rdquo">rewriting systems</term>, have a long history
among mathematicians, but the specific form of <ptr target="#fig22"/>
was first studied extensively by Chomsky <ptr type="bibliog" target="#chom59"/>.

<!-- ... -->
<figure xml:id="fig22">
 <graphic url="fig22.jpg"/>
</figure>
<!-- elsewhere, in the bibliography -->
<bibl xml:id="chom59">
<!-- citation for the book referenced above -->
</bibl>

<ptr>

<ptr target="#p143 #p144"/>
<ptr target="http://www.tei-c.org"/>
<ptr cRef="1.3.4"/>

<citedRange>

<bibl>
 <ptr target="#mueller01"/>, <citedRange target="http://example.com/mueller3.xml#page4">vol. 3, pp.
   4-5</citedRange>
</bibl>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

As shown above (<ptr target="#NEL80"/>) ...

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

4. Default Text Structure

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="contents">
 <head>Contents</head>
 <list>
  <item>Introduction, or How I stopped Worrying and Learned to Love
     Interpretation <ptr target="#fish1"/>
  </item>
  <item>
   <list>
    <head>Part One: Literature in the Reader</head>
    <item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
    <ptr target="#fish2"/>
    </item>
    <item n="2">What is Stylistics and Why Are They Saying Such
         Terrible Things About It? <ptr target="#fish3"/>
    </item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</div>
<div xml:id="fish1">
 <head>Introduction</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish2">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish3">
 <head>What is stylistics?</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

4.7. Back Matter

<item>Alehouses, the number of, not
the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref target="#P461">461</ref>
</item>
<item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ptr target="#P461"/>
</item>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written" type="tweet"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t001"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043764753502486528" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:31 </time> Heute mit super Unterstützung, wir grunzen,
wenn die Zeit vorbei ist. <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref> PS: Die beiden brauchen noch Namen. Hinweise dazu am Empfang abgeben!
<ref type="twitter-account"
  target="https://twitter.com/AndreLo79">@AndreLo79</ref>
 <figure type="image">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnwygdSW4AAoTUn.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="unspecified" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:id="cmc_post_1043769240136880128">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043767827927388160"/>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u3"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043767827927388160">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:43 </time>
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dnw1TRNXgAAKqlK.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Iron Man 3 in 3D (Official Trailer German) Parodie</title>
  <respStmt>
   <name type="user">DieAussenseiter</name>
   <resp>posted video, created page</resp>
  </respStmt>
  <distributor>YouTube</distributor>
  <ptr type="url"
   target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WU_3-0UpU"/>
  <series>
   <title>DieAussenseiter’s Channel</title>
   <ptr target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCKn1vL4Ou4DKu0BlcK3NlDQ"/>
  </series>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.3. Documenting the Sampling of CMC data

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Sampled using the <name type="API">Twitter Filtered stream v2-API</name> (see <ptr type="APIdoc"
   target="https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/filtered-stream/api-reference/get-tweets-search-stream"/>) Filtered for the German language and the following countries: Germany, Austria,
   Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, and Luxembourg. Downloaded on <date when="2022-12-12">Mon 12 Dec 22</date> using the command
 <code>requests.get("https://api.twitter.com/2/tweets/search/stream",
     headers=headers, params=params, stream=True,)</code> in the python script <name type="script">collectFilteredTwitterStream.py</name>. </p>
</samplingDecl>

9.6.3. Circulation

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796550101716993" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t004" xml:lang="de">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043796093786566656"/> Ich mich auch? <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dynamicduo?src=hash">#dynamicduo</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wirk%C3%BCmmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang?src=hash">#wirkümmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u2"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t003" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796093786566656">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 14:35 </time> Immer wieder gerne. Kann ich mich schon für
nächstes Jahr als Empfangs- <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Engel?src=hash">#Engel</ref> für das nächste
BarCamp bewerben <w pos="EMO">🤪</w>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <trailer>
  <fs>
   <f name="favoritecount">
    <numeric value="4"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </trailer>
</post>

10. Dictionaries

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <etym>
  <lang>F</lang> fr. <lang>ML</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <mentioned>neuma</mentioned> fr. <lang>Gk</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <gloss>breath</gloss>
  <xr type="etym">more at <ptr target="#pneumatic"/>
  </xr>
 </etym>
 <sense>
  <def>any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant
<!-- ... -->
  </def>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="pneumatic">
 <etym>
<!-- ... -->
 </etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>glee</orth>
 </form>
 <xr>Compare <ptr target="#madrigal.1"/>
 </xr>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="madrigal.1">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<def>contenant un vice de forme ou passé par un <ptr target="#incapable"/>.</def>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

<seg xml:id="ib01">bör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib01" place="above">2.</metamark> og
<seg xml:id="ib02">hör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib02" place="above">1.</metamark>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib02"/>
  <ptr target="#ib01"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

<line xml:id="ib3">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">2.)</metamark> thi da er du med Himmelen i Pagt; —
</line>
<line xml:id="ib4">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">1.)</metamark> da kan du
Folkets Jøkelhjerter tine;
</line>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib4"/>
  <ptr target="#ib3"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

<listTranspose>

<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib02"/>
  <ptr target="#ib01"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

<transpose>

<transpose>
 <ptr target="#ib02"/>
 <ptr target="#ib01"/>
</transpose>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="El">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="Hg">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="Ra2">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="http://example.com/msDescs#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

<listWit>

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="HL26">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="PN392">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="RP149">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

<witness>

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="EL">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="HG">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="RA2">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="http://www.examples.com/MSdescs#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions

<p>The volume of a sphere
is given by the formula: <formula xml:id="f12" n="12" rend="inline">
  <m:math>
   <m:mi>V</m:mi>
   <m:mo>=</m:mo>
   <m:mfrac>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>4</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>3</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
   </m:mfrac>
   <m:mi>π</m:mi>
   <m:msup>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mi>r</m:mi>
    </m:mrow>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>3</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
   </m:msup>
  </m:math>
 </formula> which is readily calculated.</p>
<p>As we have seen in equation <ptr target="#f12"/>, ... </p>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"
  mimeType="application/vnd.recordare.musicxml"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. Encoded in
   MusicXML.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.ly"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. Encoded in
   Lilypond.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.mscz"
  mimeType="application/x-musescore"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. MuseScore Notation
   Software format.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<div n="67">
 <p> We now give some examples, from the works of the great masters, of
   some of the most frequently used bowings. </p>
 <figure n="Ex. 3">
  <head>SCHUBERT: Symphony in B minor.</head>
  <notatedMusic>
   <ptr target="example_schubert.xml"/>
  </notatedMusic>
 </figure>
</div>

<notatedMusic>

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<ptr xml:id="PD1" target="Fig1.svg#object1"/>
<ptr xml:id="PD2" target="Fig1.svg#object2"/>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.1.1. Pointers and Links

<ptr xml:id="sa-p1" target="#sa-p2"/>
<ptr xml:id="sa-p2" target="#sa-p1"/>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,
<ptr rend="unmarked" target="#note3.284"/>
</l>
<l>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>
<note xml:id="note3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
 </quote>
</note>

17.1.4. Intermediate Pointers

<ptr xml:id="L3.283-284"
 target="#L3.283 #L3.284"/>

<anchor>

<s>The anchor is he<anchor xml:id="A234"/>re somewhere.</s>
<s>Help me find it.<ptr target="#A234"/>
</s>

<anchor>

<s>L'ancre est i<anchor xml:id="fr_A234"/>ci quelque part.</s>
<s>Aidez-moi à la trouver.<ptr target="#fr_A234"/>
</s>

<anchor>

<s>此錨點指向這<anchor xml:id="zh-tw_A234"/>裡</s>
<s>請搜尋此處<ptr target="#zh-tw_A234"/>
</s>

17.7. Aggregation

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<annotation>

<annotation xml:id="ann1"
 motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#lifecycle-information and https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#agents -->
 <respStmt xml:id="fred">
  <resp>creator</resp>
  <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
 </respStmt>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change status="created"
   when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#fred"/>
  <change status="modified"
   when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#fred"/>
 </revisionDesc>
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#rights-information -->
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Multiple bodies -->
<!-- Pointers to sections of text in the same document -->
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
</annotation>

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.4. Representing Textual Transmission

<eTree type="hypothetical">
 <label>α</label>
 <eTree type="hypothetical">
  <label>β</label>
  <eTree type="hypothetical">
   <label>δ</label>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>L</label>
   </eLeaf>
   <eLeaf type="lost">
    <label>t</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree type="hypothetical">
   <label>ε</label>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>R</label>
   </eLeaf>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>A</label>
    <ptr type="contamination"
     target="#gamma"/>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="gamma" type="hypothetical">
  <label>γ</label>
  <eLeaf type="extant">
   <label>I</label>
  </eLeaf>
  <eLeaf type="extant">
   <label>X</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions

<div>
 <head>Element and Attribute Descriptions</head>
 <p>Within the body of a document using this module, the following elements may be used to reference parts of the specification elements
   discussed in section <ptr target="#TDcrystals"/>, in particular the brief prose descriptions these provide for elements and attributes.
 <specList>
   <specDesc key="specList"/>
   <specDesc key="specDesc" atts="atts"/>
  </specList>
 </p>
 <p>TEI practice recommends that a <gi>specList</gi> listing the elements under … </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<listRef>
 <ptr target="#COHQHF"/>
</listRef>

<listRef>

<listRef>
 <ptr target="#ddc12"/>
</listRef>

<listRef>

<listRef>
 <ptr target="#fr_ddc12"/>
</listRef>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<ref>

<ref> (reference) defines a reference to another location, possibly modified by additional text or comment. [3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References 17.1. Links]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cReferencing

@cRef

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

att.internetMedia

@mimeType

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.annotationPart.body model.ptrLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine analytic author bibl biblScope biblStruct cit citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned monogr name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg relatedItem resp rs rt said series sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc notatedMusic

header: application authority catDesc change classCode correspContext creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal publicationStmt rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab annotation seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: eLeaf eTree

spoken: transcriptionDesc u writing

tagdocs: eg listRef valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The target and cRef attributes are mutually exclusive.

Example

See especially <ref target="http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/Texts/A02.xml#s2">the second
sentence</ref>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

See also <ref target="#locution">s.v. <term>locution</term>
</ref>.

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:ref">
<sch:report test="@target and @cRef">Only one of the attributes @target and @cRef may be supplied on <sch:name/>.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element ref
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cReferencing.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.internetMedia.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <ref> (reference)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <ref> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <ref> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.internetMedia

<ref mimeType="application/tei+xml; charset=UTF-8"
 target="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TEIC/TEI/dev/P5/Source/guidelines-en.xml"/>

att.global

<div type="bibl">
 <head>Selections from <title level="m">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797</title>
 </head>
 <listBibl xml:base="https://romantic-circles.org/sites/default/files/imported/editions/southey_letters/XML/">
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.3.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Grosvenor Charles Bedford</title>, <date when="1792-04-03">3 April 1792</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.57.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Anna Seward</title>, <date when="1793-09-18">18 September 1793</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.85.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Robert Lovell</title>, <date from="1794-04-05" to="1794-04-06">5-6 April, 1794</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</div>

2. The TEI Header

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <p>Première édition électronique, Nancy, <date> 2002</date>, réalisée dans le cadre de la
   base <ref target="http://www.frantext.fr/">FRANTEXT</ref> .</p>
</editionStmt>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspContext>
 <ref type="prev" target="#CLF0102">Previous letter of <persName>Chamisso</persName> to <persName>de La
     Foye</persName>: <date when="1807-01-16">16 January 1807</date>
 </ref>
 <ref type="next" target="#CLF0104">Next letter of <persName>Chamisso</persName> to <persName>de La Foye</persName>:
 <date when="1810-05-07">07 May 1810</date>
 </ref>
</correspContext>

<correspDesc>

<correspDesc>
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
  <settlement>Dresden</settlement>
  <date when="1817-06-23">23 June 1817</date>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>
  <settlement>Prag</settlement>
 </correspAction>
 <correspContext>
  <ref type="prev"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041209">Previous letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
     to <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date from="1817-06-19" to="1817-06-20">June 19/20, 1817</date>
  </ref>
  <ref type="next"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041217">Next letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date when="1817-06-27">June 27, 1817</date>
  </ref>
 </correspContext>
</correspDesc>

<correspContext>

<correspContext>
 <ref type="prev"
  target="http://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A040962"> Previous letter of
 <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
 <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
 <date when="1816-12-30">December 30, 1816</date>
 </ref>
 <ref type="next"
  target="http://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041003"> Next letter of
 <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
 <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
 <date when="1817-01-05">January 5, 1817</date>
 </ref>
</correspContext>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

Lexicography has shown little sign of being affected by the
work of followers of J.R. Firth, probably best summarized
in his slogan, <cit>
 <quote>You shall know a word by the company it keeps.</quote>
 <ref>(Firth, 1957)</ref>
</cit>

<quote>

Lexicography has shown little sign of being affected by the
work of followers of J.R. Firth, probably best summarized in his
slogan, <quote>You shall know a word by the company it
keeps</quote>
<ref>(Firth, 1957)</ref>

<quote>

孟懿子問孝。子曰：<quote>無違。</quote>
<ref>(論語：卷一：為政第二)</ref>

3.6.2. Addresses

<addrLine>
 <ref target="tel:+1-201-555-0123">(201) 555 0123</ref>
</addrLine>

<addrLine>

<addrLine>
 <ref target="tel:+1-201-555-0123">(201) 555 0123</ref>
</addrLine>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

See <ref>section 12 on page 34</ref>.

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

See especially <ref target="#SEC12">section 12 on page 34</ref>.

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

annotated text <ref target="#a51" type="noteAnchor">⁵¹</ref>
<!-- ... -->
<note xml:id="a51" type="footnote">text of annotation</note>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<p>The current version of the TEI Guidelines source code
is available in the TEI GitHub Repository; <ref target="https://github.com/TEIC/TEI/blob/dev/P5/Source/guidelines-en.xml"
  mimeType="application/tei+xml">guidelines-en.xml</ref>
is the root document used to create the English version
of these Guidelines.</p>

<ref>

See especially <ref target="http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/Texts/A02.xml#s2">the second
sentence</ref>

<ref>

See also <ref target="#locution">s.v. <term>locution</term>
</ref>.

<ref>

Cf. tout particulièrement <ref target="#SEC12">la section 12, page 34</ref>.

<ref>

Cf. tout particulièrement
<ref cRef="B1/234">le vers 234 du Livre I</ref>

<ref>

<ref target="http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/Texts/A02.xml#s2"> 關於第二行，</ref> 請參考 <ref>下列
<term>慣用語</term>
</ref>.

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="fro">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulaire</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="fr">Ancien français</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="fr">Français moderne</headItem>
 <label>amerté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">amertume</item>
 <label>barquer</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire une barque</item>
 <label>biberon</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">goulot d'un vase.</item>
 <label>bugle</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">jeune boeuf</item>
 <label>cestui</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">celui-ci</item>
 <label>chaitiveté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">captivité</item>
 <label>duire</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire</item>
 <label>dangier</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">puissance, pouvoir</item>
 <label>sangler</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">singularis</item>
 <label>vespre </label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">tombée du jour (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Lexique de Godefroy</ref>
   <quote>de hautes vespres : tard dans la soirée.</quote>
  </cit>)</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="zh">
 <head xml:lang="zh">字彙</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="zh-CN">簡體中文</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="zh-TW">繁體中文</headItem>
 <label>尘</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">塵</item>
 <label>业</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">業</item>
 <label>处</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">處</item>
 <label>个</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">個</item>
 <label>与</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">與</item>
 <label>军队</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">軍隊</item>
 <label>疏远</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">疏遠</item>
 <label>后汉</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">後漢<cit>
   <ref>出師表</ref>
   <quote>亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是<term>后汉</term>所以倾覆衰败的原因</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>叹息</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">嘆息</item>
 <label>认为</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">認為</item>
 <label>诚实</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">誠實</item>
 <label>获得</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">獲得</item>
</list>

3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

<div type="index">
<!--...-->
 <list type="index">
  <item>Women, how cause of mel. <ref>193</ref>; their vanity in
     apparell taxed, <ref>527</ref>; their counterfeit tears
  <ref>547</ref>; their vices <ref>601</ref>, commended,
  <ref>624</ref>.</item>
  <item>Wormwood, good against mel. <ref>443</ref>
  </item>
  <item>World taxed, <ref>181</ref>
  </item>
  <item>Writers of the cure of mel. 295</item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
</div>

3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

<item>Women,
<list>
  <item>how cause of mel. <ref>193</ref>;</item>
  <item>their vanity in apparell taxed, <ref>527</ref>;</item>
  <item>their counterfeit tears <ref>547</ref>;</item>
  <item>their vices
  <list>
    <item>
     <ref>601</ref>,</item>
    <item> commended, <ref>624</ref>.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</item>

3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

<!-- in the text --><pb xml:id="P624"/>
<!-- start of page 624 -->
<!-- in the index -->
<ref target="#P624">624</ref>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

Nelson claims <ref target="#NEL80">(ibid, passim)</ref> ...

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

Nelson claims (<ref target="#NEL80">Nelson [1980]</ref> pages 13–37)
...

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

4. Default Text Structure

<div2>

<div1 n="2" type="part">
 <head>The Second Partition:
   The Cure of Melancholy</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>Unlawful Cures rejected.</head>
    <p>Inveterate melancholy, howsoever it may seem to
         be a continuate, inexorable disease, hard to be
         cured, accompanying them to their graves most part
         (as <ref target="#a">Montanus</ref> observes), yet many
         times it may be helped...
    </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. III. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

4.5. Front Matter

<!-- ... --><item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
<ref target="#fish-p24">24</ref>
</item>
<!-- ... -->
<div type="chapter">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
 <pb xml:id="fish-p24"/>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<!-- ... -->

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="index">
  <head>Index</head>
  <list type="index">
   <item>Actors, public, paid for the contempt attending
       their profession, <ref>263</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Africa, cause assigned for the barbarous state of
       the interior parts of that continent, <ref>125</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Agriculture
   <list type="indexentry">
     <item>ancient policy of Europe unfavourable to, <ref>371</ref>
     </item>
     <item>artificers necessary to carry it on, <ref>481</ref>
     </item>
     <item>cattle and tillage mutually improve each other, <ref>325</ref>
     </item>
     <item>wealth arising from more solid than that which proceeds
           from commerce <ref>520</ref>
     </item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref>461</ref>
   </item>
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

4.7. Back Matter

<item>Alehouses, the number of, not
the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref target="#P461">461</ref>
</item>
<item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ptr target="#P461"/>
</item>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post19" indentLevel="0" who="#u005" synch="#t005">
 <p>I'm not sure that this is a proper criterium, or even what this means. What if we set
   an explosion that breaks a comet into two pieces? What if we build a moon? Cheers,
 </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:Greenodd">Greenodd</ref> (<ref target="/wiki/User_talk:Greenodd">talk</ref>) <time>01:00, 21
     July 2011 (UTC)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written" type="tweet"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t001"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043764753502486528" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:31 </time> Heute mit super Unterstützung, wir grunzen,
wenn die Zeit vorbei ist. <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref> PS: Die beiden brauchen noch Namen. Hinweise dazu am Empfang abgeben!
<ref type="twitter-account"
  target="https://twitter.com/AndreLo79">@AndreLo79</ref>
 <figure type="image">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnwygdSW4AAoTUn.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="unspecified" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:id="cmc_post_1043769240136880128">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043767827927388160"/>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u3"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043767827927388160">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:43 </time>
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dnw1TRNXgAAKqlK.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <body>: --><div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post05" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="./userList.xml#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post07" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
  <date when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z">01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
 </signed>
</post>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z" who="#u006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
 </signed>
</post>

9.6.3. Circulation

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796550101716993" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t004" xml:lang="de">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043796093786566656"/> Ich mich auch? <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dynamicduo?src=hash">#dynamicduo</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wirk%C3%BCmmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang?src=hash">#wirkümmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u2"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t003" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796093786566656">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 14:35 </time> Immer wieder gerne. Kann ich mich schon für
nächstes Jahr als Empfangs- <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Engel?src=hash">#Engel</ref> für das nächste
BarCamp bewerben <w pos="EMO">🤪</w>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <trailer>
  <fs>
   <f name="favoritecount">
    <numeric value="4"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </trailer>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" when="2015-11-18">
 <p>
  <ref corresp="#A02"
   target="https://twitter.com/textarchiv">
   <w type="ADRIND">@</w>
   <w type="ADR">textarchiv</w>
  </ref> Erfurter
   Europäische Welt- und Staats-Geschichte: 20 Ausgaben von 1744 aus dem MKHZ
   bereits in DTAQ <ref target="http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/dtaq/about"> http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/dtaq/about</ref>
  <ref target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dtaclarin14?src=hash">
   <w type="hashtag">#dtaclarin14</w>
  </ref>
 </p>
</post>

<post>

<post when="1990-10-11" who="#dmerritt"
 xml:id="sgml-tei-3" replyTo="#sgml-tei-1">
 <time generatedBy="system">04:37:51 UTC</time>
 <p>
  <seg generatedBy="system">In article
  <ref target="#sgml-tei-1"><2****.**********0@m*******.***.*****.**c.uk></ref> S.*.*.*****z@e**.*****.**c.uk (Sebastian Rahtz) writes:</seg>
  <cit>
   <bibl>[for] Lou Burnard:</bibl>
   <quote>the Text Encoding Initiative document is a many-splendoured thing,
       redolent of the mysterious east, caribbean evenings and the scent of
       fresh pine in the himalayas [...]</quote>
  </cit>
 </p>
 <p>Very poetic.</p>
 <p>But really, what is it?</p>
 <signed generatedBy="human">Doug</signed>
 <signed generatedBy="template">Doug Merritt ****@e***.********y.edu (ucbvax!eris!doug) or uunet.uu.net!crossck!dougm
 </signed>
</post>

10. Dictionaries

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. 2d <ref>-ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry> (From: Webster's Second International)

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. <ref>2d -ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr type="syn">
 <lbl>Syn. de</lbl>
 <ref>hôtellerie (sens 1)</ref>.
</xr>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry n="2">
 <form>
  <orth>rose</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="inflectedForm">
  <lbl>the past tense of</lbl>
  <ref target="#rise">rise</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="rise">
 <form>
  <orth>rise</orth>
 </form>
<!-- main entry for "rise" as verb -->
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr type="synonym">
 <lbl>syn see</lbl>
 <ref target="#adverse">adverse</ref>
</xr>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="adverse">
 <form>
  <orth>adverse</orth>
 </form>
<!-- list of synonyms for "adverse" -->
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr>V. <ref target="#armillaire">armillaire</ref>
 <lbl type="sense-restriction">sphère</lbl>
</xr>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="dom">imprim</usg>
 <def>Donner a (une ligne) une longeur convenable au moyen de
 <ref target="#blanc-2.1.3">blancs (2, sens 1, 3)</ref>
 </def>
</sense>
<entry xml:id="blanc" n="2">
<!-- ... -->
 <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  <def xml:id="blanc-2.1.3">...</def>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lavage</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>[Fr. < <mentioned>laver</mentioned>; L. <mentioned>lavare</mentioned>, to wash;
 <xr>see <ref>lather</ref>
  </xr>]. </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>clef</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. <ref>clé</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>癲</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>詩經．大雅．雲漢：<mentioned>瘨</mentioned>，病、使困苦； <xr>參見 <ref>癲</ref>
  </xr>。 </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">同義詞：請見 <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. see <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>kilo-</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>élém. formant</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>entrant dans la constr. de subst. désignant des unités de mesure, dans tous les
     domaines de la phys., valant mille fois l'unité de base </def> ; <xr>v. <ref>kilogramme,
       kilogrammètre, kilomètre, kilotonne, kilowatt et aussi : </ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilocalorie </orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def> unité de mesure de quantité de chaleur valant mille calories (<abbr type="symb">symb. kcal</abbr>)</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilohertz</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>Unité de mesure de fréquence valant mille hertz (<abbr type="symb">kHz</abbr>
       )</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilojoule</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de travail valant mille joules (<abbr type="symb">kJ</abbr>)
   </def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kiloparsec</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de longueur astronomique valant mille parsecs</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilovolt</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de différences de potentiel, valant mille volts (<abbr type="symb">kv</abbr>)</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.6.4. Filiation

<msItem>
 <locus>118rb</locus>
 <incipit>Ecce morior cum nichil horum ... <ref>[Dn 13, 43]</ref>. Verba ista
   dixit Susanna de illis</incipit>
 <explicit>ut bonum comune conservatur.</explicit>
 <bibl>Schneyer 3, 436 (Johannes Contractus OFM)</bibl>
 <filiation>weitere Überl. Uppsala C 181, 35r.</filiation>
</msItem>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>Beljakovski sbornik</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">Middle Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">
   <ref target="#DN17">Dujchev N 17</ref>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->
<msDesc xml:id="DN17">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Faraway</settlement>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- ... -->
</msDesc>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>元豐類稿</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">元大德八年丁思敬南豐刊本</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">王文進《文祿堂訪書記》</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">清內府《天祿琳琅書目》
  <ref target="#zh-tw_DN17"/>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>
 <locus from="1" to="4">pp.1-4</locus>
 <author>不詳</author>
 <title xml:lang="zh-TW">麻薯舊社屯外委潘清章等立招給墾批總約字</title>
 <rubric>4號，第九例。</rubric>
 <finalRubric>代筆社記</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155368">數位典藏聯合目錄</ref>，國立臺灣大學圖書館管理</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

11.7.1. Object Description

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc>
  <p>Mostly <material>paper</material>, with watermarks
  <watermark>unicorn</watermark> (<ref>Briquet 9993</ref>) and
  <watermark>ox</watermark> (close to <ref>Briquet 2785</ref>). The first and last
     leaf of each quire, with the exception of quires xvi and xviii, are constituted
     by bifolia of parchment, and all seven miniatures have been painted on inserted
     singletons of parchment.</p>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

11.7.1.1. Support

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Paper</material> with watermark: <watermark>anchor in a circle with
     star on top</watermark>, <watermark>countermark B-B with trefoil</watermark>
   similar to <ref>Mošin, Anchor N 1680</ref>
  <date>1570-1585</date>.</p>
</support>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc hands="3">
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-1" scope="minor">
  <p>The first part of the manuscript, <locus from="1v" to="72v:4">fols
       1v-72v:4</locus>, is written in a practised Icelandic Gothic bookhand. This hand
     is not found elsewhere.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-2" scope="major">
  <p>The second part of the manuscript, <locus from="72v:4" to="194v">fols
       72v:4-194</locus>, is written in a hand contemporary with the first; it can also
     be found in a fragment of <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>, <ref>AM 20b II
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-3" scope="minor">
  <p>The third hand has written the majority of the chapter headings. This hand
     has been identified as the one also found in <ref>AM 221
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
</handDesc>

11.7.3.2. Seals

<sealDesc>
 <seal n="1" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>Round seal of <name>Anders Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         930</ref>
   </bibl>. Parchment tag, on which is written: <quote>pertinere nos
       predictorum placiti nostri iusticarii precessorum dif</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
 <seal n="2" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         1061</ref>
   </bibl>. Legend: <quote>S IOHANNES OLAVI</quote>. Parchment tag on
     which is written: <quote>Woldorp Iohanne G</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

<decoNote>

<bindingDesc>
 <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
   rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean Grolier
 <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas du plat
   supérieur. </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra viventivm</q>
   dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque nerf et
   en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes"/>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
   pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
 </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat inférieur
   (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
</bindingDesc>

<seal>

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax.
   (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S IOHANNES OLAVI</q>.
   Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

<seal>

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax. (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S
     IOHANNES OLAVI</q>. Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research
     by P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor)
   checked examples against DTD version 3.6
 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#fr_IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research by
     P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor) checked examples against DTD version
   3.6 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>源自<ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref>及P.M.W.羅賓森的附加研究。</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (編輯) 檢查不符DTD 3.6版本的範例</change>
</recordHist>

<source>

<source>Derived from <ref>Stanley (1960)</ref>
</source>

<source>

<source>Derived from <ref>Stanley (1960)</ref>
</source>

<source>

<source>來自 <ref>Stanley (1960)</ref>
</source>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <date notAfter="1816-07-18"/>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="mod1" when="1816-07-16">The first draft of
   <title>Persuasion</title>, completed by the date <date>July 16 1816</date>
       which is written after the word <q>Finis</q> at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>.</change>
   <change xml:id="mod2"
    notBefore="1816-07-16">After the <date>16th of July</date>
       Austen starts revision of the two final chapters, by rewriting the end and
       adding a new zone (<ref target="#transp-1">pages 32-35</ref>) to be inserted at
   <ref target="#insertion-p1">page 19</ref>. This stage is documented by the
       deletion of the date (<date>July 16 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>, and the addition of more text and of a new date (<date>July 18.
         1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-31">page 31</ref>
   </change>
   <change notBefore="1816-07-18">Before publication, after <date>July 18th,
         1816</date> chapters 10-11 were broken into three chapters, 10, 11, 12, as
       witnessed by the print.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" xml:id="rdg1.1nundum"
  ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <witDetail wit="#G" target="#rdg1.1nundum">corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>
 </witDetail>
</app>

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <wit>
  <ref target="#G">G</ref>(corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>)<ref target="#P">P</ref>
 </wit>
</app>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="A">die sog. <soCalled>Kleine (oder alte)
     Heidelberger Liederhandschrift</soCalled>.
 <bibl>Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg col. pal.
     germ. 357. Pergament, 45 Fll. 18,5 × 13,5 cm.</bibl>
   Wahrscheinlich die älteste der drei großen Hss. Sie
 <quote>datiert aus dem 13. Jahrhundert, etwa um 1275. Ihre Sprache
     weist ins Elsaß, evtl. nach Straßburg. Man geht wohl nicht
     fehl, in ihr eine Sammlung aus dem Stadtpatriziat zu sehen</quote>
   (<bibl>
   <author>Blank</author>, [vgl. <ref>Lit. z. Hss. Bd. 2,
       S. 39</ref>] S. 14</bibl>). Sie enthält 34 namentlich
   genannte Dichter. <quote>Zu den Vorzügen von A gehört, daß
     sie kaum je bewußt geändert hat, so daß sie für
     manche Dichter ... oft den besten Text liefert</quote> (so wohl mit
   Recht <bibl>
   <author>v. Kraus</author>
  </bibl>).</witness>
 <witness xml:id="a">Bezeichnung <bibl>
   <author>Lachmann</author>
  </bibl>s für die von einer 2. Hand auf bl. 40–43
   geschriebenen Strophen der Hs. A.</witness>
 <witness xml:id="B">die <soCalled>Weingartner (Stuttgarter)
     Liederhandschrift</soCalled>. <bibl>Württembergische
     Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, HB XIII poetae germanici 1.
     Pergament, 156 Bll. 15 × 11,5 cm; 25 teils ganzseitig,
     teils halbseitige Miniaturen.</bibl> Kaum vor 1306 in Konstanz
   geschrieben. Sie enthält Lieder von 25 namentlich genannten
   Dichtern. (Dazu kommen Gedichte von einigen ungenannten
   bzw. unbekannten Dichtern, ein Marienlobpreis und eine
   Minnelehre.)</witness>
</listWit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<witness xml:id="Σ">Servius (<abbr type="siglum">Σ</abbr>) = ΔΓ
<listWit>
  <witness xml:id="Δ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Δ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="J">
     <abbr type="siglum">J</abbr> = Metens. Bibl. mun. 292, s. IX </witness>
    <witness xml:id="L">
     <abbr type="siglum">L</abbr> = Leid. Bibl. der Rijksuniv. B.P.L. 52, s. VIII / IX</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
  <witness xml:id="Γ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Γ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="θ">
     <abbr type="siglum">θ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Α">
       <abbr type="siglum">A</abbr> = Caroliruh. Bad. Landesbibl. Aug. CXVI, s. IX2 (Reichenau); de codice A derivati:
      <listWit>
        <witness xml:id="S">
         <abbr type="siglum">S</abbr> = Sangall. Stiftsbibl. 861 + 862, s. IX / X</witness>
        <witness xml:id="Guelf">
         <abbr type="siglum">Guelf.</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2546 (44.23 Aug. fol.), s. XV</witness>
       </listWit>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="O">
       <abbr type="siglum">O</abbr> = Oxon. Bodl. Laud lat. 117, s. XI<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="τ">
     <abbr type="siglum">τ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Pa">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pa</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7959, s. IX (Tours)</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pc">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pc</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7961, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Q">
       <abbr type="siglum">Q</abbr>Flor. BML Plut. 45.14, s. IX</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Lb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Lb</abbr> = corrector cod. <ref target="#L">L</ref> (sup.)</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="γ">
     <abbr type="siglum">γ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="E">
       <abbr type="siglum">E</abbr> = Escorial. Bibl. S. Lorenzo T.II.17, s. IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi> (Ital. septentrion.) </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pb</abbr>Paris. BnF lat. 16236, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Y">
       <abbr type="siglum">Y</abbr> = Trident. Bib. com. 3388 (olim Vind. 72), s.
             IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="M">
       <abbr type="siglum">M</abbr> = Monac. Bay. Staatsbibl. Clm 6394, s. XI
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="σ">
     <abbr type="siglum">σ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="W">
       <abbr type="siglum">W</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2091, s. XIII<hi rend="superscript">ex.</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Ν">
       <abbr type="siglum">N</abbr> = Neap. Bibl. naz. lat. 5 (olim Vind. 27), s.
             X<hi rend="superscript">1</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="U">
       <abbr type="siglum">U</abbr> = Berolin. Staatsbibl. lat. quart. 219, s. XII</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="ο">
     <abbr type="siglum">º</abbr> classis codicum de Γ defluentium quibus lectiones faciliores in contextum contaminatione inferre valde placuit (= PaPcγσ in A. 9.1-10.190, 10.397-12.162; PaPcγU in A. 12.162-320; PaPcγ in A. 12.320-522); cf. praef. n. 30.</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
 </listWit>
</witness>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<taxonomy xml:id="greekperiods">
 <category xml:id="tyranny">
  <catDesc>Before 510 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="classical">
  <catDesc>Between 510 and 323 BC</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="hellenistic">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Hellenistic">Hellenistic</ref>. Commonly treated as <date notBefore="-0323" notAfter="-0031">from the death of Alexander to the Roman conquest.</date>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="roman">
  <catDesc>
   <ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman</ref>
  </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="christian">
  <catDesc> The Christian period technically starts at the birth of Jesus, but in practice is considered to date from
     the conversion of Constantine in <date when="0312">312 AD</date>. </catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

<listEvent>

<listEvent>
 <head>Battles of the American Civil War: Kentucky</head>
 <event xml:id="event01" when="1861-09-19">
  <label>Barbourville</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Barbourville was one of the early engagements of
     the American Civil War. It occurred September 19, 1861, in Knox
     County, Kentucky during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate
     Offensive. The battle is considered the first Confederate victory in
     the commonwealth, and threw a scare into Federal commanders, who
     rushed troops to central Kentucky in an effort to repel the invasion,
     which was finally thwarted at the <ref target="#event02">Battle of
       Camp Wildcat</ref> in October.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event02" when="1861-10-21">
  <label>Camp Wild Cat</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Camp Wildcat (also known as Wildcat Mountain and Camp
     Wild Cat) was one of the early engagements of the American Civil
     War. It occurred October 21, 1861, in northern Laurel County, Kentucky
     during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate Offensive. The
     battle is considered one of the very first Union victories, and marked
     the first engagement of troops in the commonwealth of Kentucky.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event03" from="1864-06-11"
  to="1864-06-12">
  <label>Cynthiana</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Cynthiana (or Kellar’s Bridge) was an engagement
     during the American Civil War that was fought on June 11 and 12, 1864,
     in Harrison County, Kentucky, near the town of Cynthiana. A part of
     Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan's 1864 Raid into
     Kentucky, the battle resulted in a victory by Union forces over the
     raiders and saved the town from capture.</desc>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<person>

<person age="G2" role="author"
 xml:id="W0212" sex="F">
 <birth when="1787"/>
 <death when="1855"/>
 <persName type="main">Mitford, Mary Russell (1787–1855)</persName>
 <persName resp="#Nicoll">MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL</persName>
 <listBibl type="lacyTitles">
  <desc>Lacy's Acting Editions</desc>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1280">Foscari</ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1337">Rienzi</ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
 <listRef type="seeAlso">
  <ref target="https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1386">ATCL</ref>
  <ref target="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18859">ODNB</ref>
  <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford">Wikipedia</ref>
  <ref target="https://digitalmitford.org">Digital Mitford</ref>
 </listRef>
</person>

<persPronouns>

<docAuthor>
 <persName>Lal Zimman</persName>
 <persPronouns value="he">(he/him/his)</persPronouns>
 <ref target="#Name">(FAQ)</ref>
 <persName type="IPA">[lɑɫ ˈzimn̩]</persName>
 <email>zimman at ucsb dot edu</email>
 <roleName>Assistant Professor of Linguistics</roleName>
 <roleName>Affiliated Faculty in Feminist Studies</roleName>
 <address>
  <addrLine>South Hall 3518</addrLine>
  <addrLine>University of California, Santa Barbara</addrLine>
 </address>
</docAuthor>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
 <listEvent>
  <event when="1713"
   ref="https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832/2">
   <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
<!-- The following example presupposes that the editors of the TEI document decided to understand legislation or a treaty as an <gi>event</gi>, which itself may be considered a shortcut for several events that led up to the existence or validity of the law or treaty (e.g. the signing of a treaty could also be modeled as an event, and the result on paper could be encoded as an <gi>object</gi> or <gi>bibl</gi>). -->
   <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay Company</orgName> territories in
   <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>, <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and
       recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
       North American possessions, including
   <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName>
       (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward Island</placeName>)...</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
   <label>Quebec Act</label>
   <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith and restored use of the
       French Civil Code for private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been expanded in territory
       following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
   <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
   <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty
       between the newly formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this case, the
   <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<ref target="#IM1">Click
here <graphic url="fig1th.png"/> for enlightenment </ref>
<figure xml:id="IM1">
 <graphic url="fig1.jpg"/>
</figure>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note type="imitation" place="bottom"
 target="#L3.284">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note xml:id="n3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>
<link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note type="imitation" place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" xml:id="r3.284"
  target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
<!-- ... -->
</note>
<!-- ... -->
<link target="#r3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

The current base URI in force is as defined in the
W3C <ref target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlbase/">XML
Base</ref> recommendation.

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

This Debian package is distributed under the terms
of the <ref target="file:///usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-2">GNU General Public License</ref>.

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

<div type="chap"
 xml:base="http://classics.mit.edu/">
 <head>On Ancient Persian Manners</head>
 <p>In the very first story of <ref target="Sadi/gulistan.2.i.html">
   <title>The Gulistan of
       Sa'di</title>
  </ref>,
   Sa'di relates moral advice worthy of Miss Minners ...</p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.2.2. Pointing Locally

<div type="section" xml:id="sect106">
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="section" n="107" xml:id="sect107">
 <head>Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use</head>
 <p>Notwithstanding the provisions of
 <ref target="#sect106">section 106</ref>, the fair use of a
   copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies
   or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section,
   for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting,
   teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use),
   scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.
   In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular
   case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall
   include — 
 <list rend="bulleted">
   <item n="(1)">the purpose and character of the use, including
       whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit
       educational purposes;</item>
   <item n="(2)">the nature of the copyrighted work;</item>
   <item n="(3)">the amount and substantiality of the portion
       used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole;
       and</item>
   <item n="(4)">the effect of the use upon the potential market
       for or value of the copyrighted work.</item>
  </list>
   The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a
   finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration
   of all the above factors.</p>
</div>

17.2.5.2. Complete and Partial URI Examples

<refsDecl xml:id="USC">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Cc](h(\.|ap(ter|\.)?)?)?\s*([1-9][0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1C$5.txt">
  <p>Matches most standard references to particular
     chapters of the United States Code, e.g.
  <val>11USCC7</val>, <val>17 U.S.C. Chapter 3</val>, or
  <val>14 USC Ch. 5</val>. Note that a leading zero is
     required for the title (must be two digits), but is not
     permitted for the chapter number.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Pp](re(lim(inary)?)?)?\s*[Mm](at(erial)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1T.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the preliminary material for a
     given title, e.g. <val>11USCP</val>, <val>17 U.S.C.
       Prelim Mat</val>, or <val>14 USC pm</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Aa](ppend(ix)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1A.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the appendix of a given tile,
     e.g. <val>05USCA</val>, <val>11 U.S.C. Appendix</val>,
     or <val>18 USC Append</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>The example in section 10 is taken
from <ref cRef="17 USC Ch 1">Subject Matter and Scope of
   Copyright</ref>.</p>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<!--... --><seg xml:id="xe9803">where a <ref n="2" target="#xp982">Student</ref>,</seg>
<seg xml:id="xl9803">ubi <ref n="2" target="#xp982">Studiosus</ref>,</seg>
<!--... -->

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<list>

<list> (list) contains any sequence of items organized as a list. [3.8. Lists]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
(type) describes the nature of the items in the list.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

gloss

(gloss) each list item glosses some term or concept, which is given by a label element preceding the list item.

index

(index) each list item is an entry in an index such as the alphabetical topical index at the back of a print volume.

instructions

(instructions) each list item is a step in a sequence of instructions, as in a recipe.

litany

(litany) each list item is one of a sequence of petitions, supplications or invocations, typically in a religious ritual.

syllogism

(syllogism) each list item is part of an argument consisting of two or more propositions and a final conclusion derived from them.

Note

Previous versions of these Guidelines recommended the use of type on list to encode the rendering or appearance of a list (whether it was bulleted, numbered, etc.). The current recommendation is to use the rend or style attributes for these aspects of a list, while using type for the more appropriate task of characterizing the nature of the content of a list.

The formal syntax of the element declarations allows label tags to be omitted from lists tagged <list type="gloss">; this is however a semantic error.

Member of

model.listLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote keywords licence rendition revisionDesc scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb desc ellipsis gap gb head headItem headLabel index item label lb meeting milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

May contain an optional heading followed by a series of items, or a series of label and item pairs, the latter being optionally preceded by one or two specialized headings.

Example

<list rend="numbered">
 <item>a butcher</item>
 <item>a baker</item>
 <item>a candlestick maker, with
 <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>rings on his fingers</item>
   <item>bells on his toes</item>
  </list>
 </item>
</list>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<list type="syllogism" rend="bulleted">
 <item>All Cretans are liars.</item>
 <item>Epimenides is a Cretan.</item>
 <item>ERGO Epimenides is a liar.</item>
</list>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<list type="litany" rend="simple">
 <item>God save us from drought.</item>
 <item>God save us from pestilence.</item>
 <item>God save us from wickedness in high places.</item>
 <item>Praise be to God.</item>
</list>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

The following example treats the short numbered clauses of Anglo-Saxon legal codes as lists of items. The text is from an ordinance of King Athelstan (924–939):

<div1 type="section">
 <head>Athelstan's Ordinance</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Concerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with
     the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over
     eightpence.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his
         wergild — and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account — or to
         clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
    <item n="1.2">If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is
         not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve].</item>
    <item n="1.3">If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may
         then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him
         that he will desist for ever.</item>
    <item n="1.4">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         or to bring him back there.</item>
    <item n="1.5">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who
         supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom
     no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a
     person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day,
         he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him
         down as a thief.</item>
    <item n="2.2">And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild
         or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds
     his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and
     120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as
     often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had
     refused him justice.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes
         known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first
         occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns.</item>
    <item n="3.2">And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been
         an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="4">Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to
     a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is
     afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal.</item>
 </list>
</div1>

Show all ⚓︎

Note that nested lists have been used so the tagging mirrors the structure indicated by the two-level numbering of the clauses. The clauses could have been treated as a one-level list with irregular numbering, if desired.

Example

<p>These decrees, most blessed Pope Hadrian, we propounded in the public council ... and they
confirmed them in our hand in your stead with the sign of the Holy Cross, and afterwards
inscribed with a careful pen on the paper of this page, affixing thus the sign of the Holy
Cross.
<list rend="simple">
  <item>I, Eanbald, by the grace of God archbishop of the holy church of York, have
     subscribed to the pious and catholic validity of this document with the sign of the Holy
     Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ælfwold, king of the people across the Humber, consenting have subscribed with
     the sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Tilberht, prelate of the church of Hexham, rejoicing have subscribed with the
     sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Higbald, bishop of the church of Lindisfarne, obeying have subscribed with the
     sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ethelbert, bishop of Candida Casa, suppliant, have subscribed with thef sign of
     the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ealdwulf, bishop of the church of Mayo, have subscribed with devout will.</item>
  <item>I, Æthelwine, bishop, have subscribed through delegates.</item>
  <item>I, Sicga, patrician, have subscribed with serene mind with the sign of the Holy
     Cross.</item>
 </list>
</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:list[@type='gloss']">
<sch:assert test="tei:label">The content of a "gloss" list should include a sequence of one or more pairs of a label element followed by an item element</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="item"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence>
    <elementRef key="headLabel"
     minOccurs="0"/>
    <elementRef key="headItem"
     minOccurs="0"/>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <elementRef key="label"/>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     <elementRef key="item"/>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
   </sequence>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element list
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      "gloss"
    | "index"
    | "instructions"
    | "litany"
    | "syllogism"
    | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global | desc* )*,
      (
         ( ( item, model.global* )+ )
       | (
            headLabel?,
            headItem?,
            ( ( label, model.global*, item, model.global* )+ )
         )
      ),
      ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <list> (list)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <list> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <list> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

23. Documentation Elements

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.1. Element Identifiers and Labels

<list rend="numbered">
 <item n="1">About These Guidelines</item>
 <item n="2">A Gentle Introduction to XML</item>
 <item n="9">Verse</item>
 <item n="10">Drama</item>
 <item n="10">Spoken Materials </item>
 <item n="12">Dictionaries</item>
</list>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>No quotation marks have been retained. Instead, the <att>rend</att> attribute on the
 <gi>q</gi> element is used to specify what kinds of quotation mark was used, according
   to the following list: <list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>double quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>single quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>long dash open, no close</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>double guillemets, open and close</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>Aucun guillemet n'a été conservé. Au lieu de cela, on a utilisé l'attribut
 <att>rend</att> pour l'élément <gi>q</gi> afin de spécifier quel type de guillemet a été
   utilisé, selon la liste suivante : <list type="gloss">
   <label>ga</label>
   <item>guillemet allemand</item>
   <label>gd</label>
   <item>guillemet anglais ou guillemet dactylographique </item>
   <label>gf</label>
   <item>guillemet français</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>不保留引號，改用元素<gi>q</gi>內的屬性<att>rend</att> 來區分引號的種類，種類如下：<list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>雙引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>單引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>破折號，僅前面一個</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>雙箭號，前後各一</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl xml:id="fr_ASLREF">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
  replacementPattern="#fr_xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
  <p>Une référence a été créée en assemblant les éléments suivants dans l'ordre inverse de
     la liste qui suit : <list>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> du précédent <gi>lb</gi>
    </item>
    <item>une période</item>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> de l'ancêtre <gi>div2</gi>
    </item>
    <item>un espace</item>
    <item>la valeur<att>n</att> du parent <gi>div1</gi>
    </item>
   </list>
  </p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="acprose">
  <catDesc>Academic prose</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- other categories here -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#acprose"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org">001.9</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>End of the world</item>
   <item>History - philosophy</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#fr_RAMEAU">
  <list>
   <item>Littérature française -- 20ème siècle -- Histoire et critique</item>
   <item>Littérature française -- Histoire et critique -- Théorie, etc.</item>
   <item>Français (langue) -- Style -- Bases de données.</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_chineseliterature">
  <catDesc>中國文學</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- 其他文類 -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#zh-tw_chineseliterature"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.ncl.edu.tw/">820</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>傷痕文學</item>
   <item>語文類</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract>
  <list>
   <item>An annual HBC supply ship is
       set to the North West Coast for mid-September.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> writes
       to ascertain the British Government's plans
       for the lands associated with the Oregon Treaty;
       he wants to know what will happen to the HBC's
       establishment on the southern <name type="place"
     key="vancouver_island">Vancouver Island</name>.
       He adds that a former Crown grant, an 1838 exclusive
       trade-grant for the lands in question, has yet to
       expire.</item>
   <item>The minutes discuss the nature of the HBC's
       original entitlements and question whether or not,
       and in what capacity, the Oregon Treaty affects the
       HBC's position. The majority council further
       investigation, and to reply cautiously and
       judiciously to the HBC inquiry.</item>
   <item>A
       summary of a meeting with <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> is offered in
       order to elucidate the HBC's intentions.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="grey_hg">Lord Grey</name> calls
       for greater consideration on the issue of
       colonization; he asks that <name key="stephen_j">Stephen</name> write the Company,
       asking them to detail their intentions, and to
       state their legal opinion for entitlement.
   </item>
  </list>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

<revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc>
 <list>
  <item>
   <date when="2003-04-12">12 avril 03</date>Dernière révision par F. B.</item>
  <item>
   <date when="2003-03-01">1 mars 03</date> F.B a fait le nouveau fichier.</item>
 </list>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<said who="#Wilson">Spaulding, he came down into the office just this day
eight weeks with this very paper in his hand, and he says:—
<said who="#WilsonSpaulding">I wish to the Lord, Mr. Wilson, that I was a
   red-headed man.</said>
</said>
<!-- ... -->
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="Wilson">Wilson</item>
 <item xml:id="WilsonSpaulding">Spaulding reported by Wilson</item>
<!-- ...-->
</list>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<div n="2">
 <list type="gloss">
  <label>Age</label>
  <item>Unimportant</item>
  <label>Head</label>
  <item>Small and round</item>
  <label>Eyes</label>
  <item>Green</item>
  <label>Complexion</label>
  <item>White</item>
  <label>Hair</label>
  <item>yellow</item>
  <label>Features</label>
  <item>Mobile</item>
  <label>Neck</label>
  <item>
   <measure>13¾"</measure>
  </item>
  <label>Upper arm</label>
  <item>
   <measure>11"</measure>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<list>
 <item>
  <measure type="volume" quantity="2"
   unit="bag" commodity="hops">ii bags hops</measure>
 </item>
 <item>
  <measure type="volume" quantity="6"
   unit="truss" commodity="cloth">six trusses Woolen and linen goods</measure>
 </item>
 <item>
  <measure type="weight" quantity="5"
   unit="ton" commodity="coal">5 tonnes coale</measure>
 </item>
</list>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<list>
 <item>Saints aid rejected in mel. <ptr target="#p299"/>
 </item>
 <item>Sallets censured <ptr target="#p143 #p144"/>
 </item>
 <item>Sanguine mel. signs <ptr target="#p263"/>
 </item>
 <item>Scilla or sea onyon, a purger of mel. <ptr target="#p442"/>
 </item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in
the composition of six, or even five quartos.
<list rend="inline numbered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any
   intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2)</label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human
   eyes, excepting those of the author and the printer:
   the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in
the composition of six, or even five quartos.
<list rend="inline numbered">
 <item n="1">My first rough manuscript, without any
   intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <item n="2">Not a sheet has been seen by any human
   eyes, excepting those of the author and the printer:
   the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

On those remote pages it is written that animals are
divided into <list rend="inline">
 <item n="a">those that belong to the Emperor, </item>
 <item n="b">embalmed ones, </item>
 <item n="c">those that are trained, </item>
 <item n="d">suckling pigs, </item>
 <item n="e">mermaids, </item>
 <item n="f">fabulous ones, </item>
 <item n="g">stray dogs, </item>
 <item n="h">those that are included in this classification, </item>
 <item n="i">those that tremble as if they were mad, </item>
 <item n="j">innumerable ones, </item>
 <item n="k">those drawn with a very fine camel's-hair brush, </item>
 <item n="l">others, </item>
 <item n="m">those that have just broken a flower vase, </item>
 <item n="n">those that resemble flies from a distance. </item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Report of the conduct and progress of Ernest Pontifex.
   Upper Vth form — half term ending Midsummer 1851</head>
 <label>Classics</label>
 <item>Idle listless and unimproving</item>
 <label>Mathematics</label>
 <item>ditto</item>
 <label>Divinity</label>
 <item>ditto</item>
 <label>Conduct in house</label>
 <item>Orderly</item>
 <label>General conduct</label>
 <item>Not satisfactory, on account of his great
   unpunctuality and inattention to duties</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um </label>
 <item>bitter, harsh</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </label>
 <item>field</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">audiō, īre,
   īvī, ītus </label>
 <item>hear, listen (to)</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </label>
 <item>war</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um </label>
 <item>good</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>bitter, harsh</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>field</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>hear, listen (to)</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>war</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>good</gloss>
 </item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

The simple, straightforward statement of an idea is
preferable to the use of a worn-out expression.
<list type="gloss">
 <headLabel>TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem>SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet </label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends </label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms </label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square </label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door </label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <label>EVIL</label>
 <item>
  <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>I am cast upon a horrible desolate island, void
       of all hope of recovery.</item>
   <item>I am singled out and separated as it were from
       all the world to be miserable.</item>
   <item>I am divided from mankind — a solitaire; one
       banished from human society.</item>
  </list>
 </item>
 <label>GOOD</label>
 <item>
  <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>But I am alive; and not drowned, as all my
       ship's company were.</item>
   <item>But I am singled out, too, from all the ship's
       crew, to be spared from death...</item>
   <item>But I am not starved, and perishing on a barren place,
       affording no sustenances....</item>
  </list>
 </item>
</list>

<list>

<list rend="numbered">
 <item>a butcher</item>
 <item>a baker</item>
 <item>a candlestick maker, with
 <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>rings on his fingers</item>
   <item>bells on his toes</item>
  </list>
 </item>
</list>

<list>

<list type="syllogism" rend="bulleted">
 <item>All Cretans are liars.</item>
 <item>Epimenides is a Cretan.</item>
 <item>ERGO Epimenides is a liar.</item>
</list>

<list>

<list type="litany" rend="simple">
 <item>God save us from drought.</item>
 <item>God save us from pestilence.</item>
 <item>God save us from wickedness in high places.</item>
 <item>Praise be to God.</item>
</list>

<list>

<list rend="bulleted">
 <item>Thé sans sucre et sans lait </item>
 <item>Un jus d'ananas</item>
 <item>Un yaourt</item>
 <item>Trois biscuits de seigle </item>
 <item>Carottes râpées</item>
 <item>Côtelettes d'agneau (deux)</item>
 <item>Courgettes</item>
 <item>Chèvre frais </item>
 <item>Coings</item>
</list>

<list>

<div>
 <p> Selon des critères qui n'appartiennent qu'à lui, Rémi Plassaert a classé ses buvards
   en huit tas respectivement surmontés par :</p>
 <list rend="bulleted">
  <item>un toréador chantant (dentifrice émail Diamant)</item>
  <item>un tapis d'Orient du XVIIe siècle, provenant d'une basilique de Transylvanie
     (Kalium-Sedaph, soluté de propionate de potassium)</item>
  <item>Le Renard et la Cicogne (sic), gravure de Jean-Baptiste Oudry (Papeteries
     Marquaize, Stencyl, Reprographie)</item>
 </list>
</div>

<list>

<div>
 <p> [...] et tout autour, la longue cohorte de ses personnages, avec leur histoire, leur
   passé, leurs légendes :</p>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Pélage vainqueur d'Alkhamah se faisant couronner à Covadonga </item>
  <item n="2">La cantatrice exilée de Russie suivant Schönberg à Amsterdam</item>
  <item n="3">Le petit chat sourd aux yeux vairons vivant au dernier étage</item>
  <item n="4">Le crétin chef d'îlot faisant préparer des tonneaux de sable</item>
 </list>
</div>

<list>

<list rend="numbered">
 <item>一個屠夫</item>
 <item>一個糕點師父</item>
 <item>一個燭台工人<list rend="bulleted">
   <item>手上戴了戒指</item>
   <item>腳趾上有鈴鐺</item>
  </list>
 </item>
</list>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>青年守則</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">守則一至五條包括八德：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">一、忠勇為愛國之本 。</item>
    <item n="1.2">二、服從為負責之本。</item>
    <item n="1.3">三、孝順為齊家之本。</item>
    <item n="1.4">四、勤儉為服務之本。</item>
    <item n="1.5">五、仁愛為接物之本。</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">六至九條意指四維：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">六、整潔為強身之本。</item>
    <item n="2.2">七、信義為立業之本。</item>
    <item n="2.3">八、助人為快樂之本。</item>
    <item n="2.4">九、和平為處世之本</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">十至十二條就是三達德：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">十、學問為濟世之本。</item>
    <item n="3.2">十一、禮節為治事之本。</item>
    <item n="3.3">十二、有恆為成功之本。</item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</div1>

<list>

<p>我們二人謹定于2008年7月3日正午十二時，在台北舉行結婚典禮，寫下海誓山盟，終身遵守，在婚姻路上，共同經營，災難病情，互相扶持，永不分離。并就下列事項，立下承諾，即令滄海化為桑田，桑田再變為滄海，也要攜手共進，相親相愛，直到白頭。<list rend="simple">
  <item>我們宣誓：從結婚這一天開始，不但成為夫妻，互相敬愛，分擔對方的快樂和憂愁，也同時成為朋友，而且是諍友，互相勉勵，互相規勸，互相批評。</item>
  <item>我們領悟：愉快的共同生活，全靠心靈溝通，所以，我們一定善用言語，不僅表達愛心、關心，也使彼此藉語言加深了解，一起成長。絕不粗聲叱責，絕不用肢體代替言語，絕不允許發生婚姻暴力。 </item>
  <item>我們認知：家庭與事業是夫妻共同經營的果實，夫妻對家庭的貢獻等值，在家庭內或社會上，價值完全相同，社會工作薪俸無論多少，家務工作的薪俸都與其相同。</item>
  <item>我們同意：將來我們有子女，管教上如果有不同的意見，甚至尖銳對立的意見，一定要克制自己，去請教專家，絕不把孩子當成實現自己希望的工具，也絕不用孩子來炫耀自己。 </item>
  <item>我們認為：一夫一妻制，是社會安定的磐石，是孩子們成長最安全的溫床，我們喜愛并尊重這種制度，并用事實和行動，維護它的尊嚴。</item>
  <item>我們警惕：婚姻生活并不多彩多姿，它不但平凡，而且瑣碎，如果不滋養珍惜，容易使生命憔悴，心靈粗俗，所以生活之中，我們一定保持適度的假期，與孩子一起長大。</item>
  <item>我們謹記：我們孝敬自己的父母，也孝敬對方的父母，不僅是回報養育之恩，也是培養自己人格的完整，為我們的下一代立下榜樣。 </item>
  <item>我們了解：我們將來會老，所以，我們從結婚這一天，就培養專業之外的其它藝朮興趣，如書、畫、音樂，使我們生命永遠充實燦爛。 </item>
 </list>
</p>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>Athelstan's Ordinance</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Concerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with
     the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over
     eightpence.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his
         wergild — and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account — or to
         clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
    <item n="1.2">If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is
         not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve].</item>
    <item n="1.3">If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may
         then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him
         that he will desist for ever.</item>
    <item n="1.4">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         or to bring him back there.</item>
    <item n="1.5">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who
         supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom
     no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a
     person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day,
         he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him
         down as a thief.</item>
    <item n="2.2">And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild
         or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds
     his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and
     120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as
     often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had
     refused him justice.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes
         known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first
         occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns.</item>
    <item n="3.2">And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been
         an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="4">Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to
     a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is
     afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal.</item>
 </list>
</div1>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>Athelstan's Ordinance</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Concerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with
     the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over
     eightpence.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his
         wergild — and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account — or to
         clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
    <item n="1.2">If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is
         not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve].</item>
    <item n="1.3">If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may
         then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him
         that he will desist for ever.</item>
    <item n="1.4">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         or to bring him back there.</item>
    <item n="1.5">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who
         supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom
     no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a
     person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day,
         he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him
         down as a thief.</item>
    <item n="2.2">And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild
         or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds
     his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and
     120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as
     often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had
     refused him justice.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes
         known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first
         occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns.</item>
    <item n="3.2">And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been
         an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="4">Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to
     a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is
     afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal.</item>
 </list>
</div1>

<list>

<p>These decrees, most blessed Pope Hadrian, we propounded in the public council ... and they
confirmed them in our hand in your stead with the sign of the Holy Cross, and afterwards
inscribed with a careful pen on the paper of this page, affixing thus the sign of the Holy
Cross.
<list rend="simple">
  <item>I, Eanbald, by the grace of God archbishop of the holy church of York, have
     subscribed to the pious and catholic validity of this document with the sign of the Holy
     Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ælfwold, king of the people across the Humber, consenting have subscribed with
     the sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Tilberht, prelate of the church of Hexham, rejoicing have subscribed with the
     sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Higbald, bishop of the church of Lindisfarne, obeying have subscribed with the
     sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ethelbert, bishop of Candida Casa, suppliant, have subscribed with thef sign of
     the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ealdwulf, bishop of the church of Mayo, have subscribed with devout will.</item>
  <item>I, Æthelwine, bishop, have subscribed through delegates.</item>
  <item>I, Sicga, patrician, have subscribed with serene mind with the sign of the Holy
     Cross.</item>
 </list>
</p>

<item>

<list rend="numbered">
 <head>Here begin the chapter headings of Book IV</head>
 <item n="4.1">The death of Queen Clotild.</item>
 <item n="4.2">How King Lothar wanted to appropriate one third of the Church revenues.</item>
 <item n="4.3">The wives and children of Lothar.</item>
 <item n="4.4">The Counts of the Bretons.</item>
 <item n="4.5">Saint Gall the Bishop.</item>
 <item n="4.6">The priest Cato.</item>
 <item> ...</item>
</list>

<item>

<list type="unordered">
 <head>Tentative d'inventaire de quelques-unes des choses qui ont été trouvées dans
   les escaliers au fil des ans.</head>
 <item>Plusieurs photos, dont celle d'une jeune fille de quinze<lb/> ans vêtue d'un slip
   de bain noir et d'un chandail blanc, agenouillée sur une plage,</item>
 <item>un réveil radio de toute évidence destiné à un réparateur, dans un sac plastique
   des établissements Nicolas,</item>
 <item>un soulier noir orné de brillants,</item>
 <item>une mule en chevreau doré,</item>
 <item>une boîte de pastilles Géraudel contre la toux.</item>
</list>

<item>

<list rend="numbered">
 <head>以下為第三部份的各個章節標題</head>
 <item n="3.1">人物的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.2">情節的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.3">環境的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.4">主題的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.5">語言的鑑賞</item>
 <item> ...</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="fro">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulaire</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="fr">Ancien français</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="fr">Français moderne</headItem>
 <label>amerté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">amertume</item>
 <label>barquer</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire une barque</item>
 <label>biberon</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">goulot d'un vase.</item>
 <label>bugle</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">jeune boeuf</item>
 <label>cestui</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">celui-ci</item>
 <label>chaitiveté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">captivité</item>
 <label>duire</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire</item>
 <label>dangier</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">puissance, pouvoir</item>
 <label>sangler</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">singularis</item>
 <label>vespre </label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">tombée du jour (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Lexique de Godefroy</ref>
   <quote>de hautes vespres : tard dans la soirée.</quote>
  </cit>)</item>
</list>

<label>

L’unité mixte de
recherche ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française) propose 3 types
de ressources : <list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>Des ressources linguistiques publiées.</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>Des ressources linguistiques informatisées.</item>
 <label>(3) </label>
 <item>Des ressources linguistiques logicielles.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>1er janvier..</label>
 <item> L'esprit inquiet mais clairvoyant, c'est-à-dire actif et sain, de l'homme qui ne
   travaille pas.</item>
 <label>7 janvier. </label>
 <item>On parle de Syveton. Elle aussi se rappelle avoir été, petite fille, poursuivie par
   un homme tout décolleté du bas et qu'on appelait l'homme au nez rouge. </item>
 <label>9 janvier. </label>
 <item>Jaurès dit que Syveton n'avait aucun intérêt à se tuer mais, à y regarder de près,
   oui, en cherchant bien, on trouve que nous avons tous un intérêt quelconque à nous tuer. </item>
 <label>13 janvier. </label>
 <item>Dans mon coeur froid, quelques rares jolis sentiments, comme des oiseaux aux petites
   pattes sur de la neige.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="zh">
 <head xml:lang="zh">字彙</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="zh-CN">簡體中文</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="zh-TW">繁體中文</headItem>
 <label>尘</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">塵</item>
 <label>业</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">業</item>
 <label>处</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">處</item>
 <label>个</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">個</item>
 <label>与</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">與</item>
 <label>军队</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">軍隊</item>
 <label>疏远</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">疏遠</item>
 <label>后汉</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">後漢<cit>
   <ref>出師表</ref>
   <quote>亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是<term>后汉</term>所以倾覆衰败的原因</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>叹息</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">嘆息</item>
 <label>认为</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">認為</item>
 <label>诚实</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">誠實</item>
 <label>获得</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">獲得</item>
</list>

<label>

有關本書的版權問題，我做出以下兩點聲明。<list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>未經授權許可，請勿擅自複印。</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>歡迎學術引用本文，然請詳細標明出處。</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>一</label>
 <item>今天晚上，很好的月光。 我不見他，已是三十多年；今天見了，精神分外爽快。...</item>
 <label>二</label>
 <item>今天全沒月光，我知道不妙。早上小心出門，趙貴翁的眼色便怪：似乎怕我，似乎想害我。還有七八個人，交頭接耳的議論我，...</item>
 <label>三</label>
 <item>...我翻開歷史一查，這歷史沒有年代，歪歪斜斜的每葉上都寫著“仁義道德”几個字。我橫豎睡不著，仔細看了半夜，才從字縫里看出字來，滿本都寫著兩個字是<q xml:lang="och">喫人</q>！書上寫著這許多字，佃戶說了這許多話，卻都笑吟吟的睜著怪眼看我。我也是人，他們想要吃我了！ </item>
 <label>六</label>
 <item>黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。趙家的狗又叫起來了。 獅子似的凶心，兔子的怯弱，狐狸的狡猾，…… </item>
</list>

<label>

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred
in the composition of six, or at least of five quartos. <list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes, excepting those of the author and the
   printer: the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

<label>

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred
in the composition of six, or at least of five quartos. <list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes, excepting those of the author and the
   printer: the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>March 1757.</label>
 <item>I wrote some critical observations upon Plautus.</item>
 <label>March 8th.</label>
 <item>I wrote a long dissertation upon some lines of Virgil.</item>
 <label>June.</label>
 <item>I saw Mademoiselle Curchod — <quote xml:lang="la">Omnia vincit amor, et nos cedamus
     amori.</quote>
 </item>
 <label>August.</label>
 <item>I went to Crassy, and staid two days.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>March 1757.</label>
 <item>I wrote some critical observations upon Plautus.</item>
 <label>March 8th.</label>
 <item>I wrote a long dissertation upon some lines of Virgil.</item>
 <label>June.</label>
 <item>I saw Mademoiselle Curchod — <quote xml:lang="la">Omnia vincit amor, et nos cedamus
     amori.</quote>
 </item>
 <label>August.</label>
 <item>I went to Crassy, and staid two days.</item>
</list>

<head>

Les déictiques
sont des termes qui ne prennent leur sens que dans le cadre de la situation d'énonciation.
<list rend="bulleted">
 <head>déictiques</head>
 <item>ici</item>
 <item>hier</item>
 <item>là</item>
 <item>je</item>
 <item>tu</item>
 <item>nous</item>
 <item>vous</item>
 <item/>
</list>

<head>

除了少數特例，連接詞均用於所有論述，例如描述、記敘、闡述、論說。<list rend="bulleted">
 <head>連接詞</head>
 <item>上述的</item>
 <item>因此</item>
 <item>在…的對面</item>
 <item>比鄰於</item>
 <item>再次</item>
 <item>
<!-- ... -->
 </item>
</list>

<head>

With a few exceptions, connectives are equally
useful in all kinds of discourse: description, narration, exposition, argument. <list rend="bulleted">
 <head>Connectives</head>
 <item>above</item>
 <item>accordingly</item>
 <item>across from</item>
 <item>adjacent to</item>
 <item>again</item>
 <item>
<!-- ... -->
 </item>
</list>

<head>

With a few exceptions, connectives are equally
useful in all kinds of discourse: description, narration, exposition, argument. <list rend="bulleted">
 <head>Connectives</head>
 <item>above</item>
 <item>accordingly</item>
 <item>across from</item>
 <item>adjacent to</item>
 <item>again</item>
 <item>
<!-- ... -->
 </item>
</list>

<headLabel>

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<headLabel>

Parlez-vous
anglosnob? Liste de quelques mots franglais et des propositions pour les remplacer : <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">Ne dites pas</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">Mais dites...</headItem>
 <label>abstract </label>
 <item> résumé, abrégé </item>
 <label>baby-boom </label>
 <item>printemps démographique </item>
 <label>carjacking </label>
 <item>dévoituration (comme défenestration), dévoiturage(comme cambriolage, braquage) </item>
 <label>bug </label>
 <item>erreur, défaut, insecte, ("bogue" est inutile) </item>
 <label>mixer</label>
 <item>mélanger (sauf si c'est avec un mixeur)</item>
</list>

<headItem>

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<headItem>

Parlez-vous
anglosnob? Liste de quelques mots franglais et des propositions pour les remplacer : : <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">Ne dites pas</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">Mais dites...</headItem>
 <label>abstract </label>
 <item> résumé, abrégé </item>
 <label>baby-boom </label>
 <item>printemps démographique </item>
 <label>carjacking </label>
 <item>dévoituration (comme défenestration), dévoiturage(comme cambriolage, braquage) </item>
 <label>bug </label>
 <item>erreur, défaut, insecte, ("bogue" est inutile) </item>
 <label>mixer</label>
 <item>mélanger (sauf si c'est avec un mixeur)</item>
</list>

<headItem>

經過五四運動，中國文學自文言文發展為白話文。 <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">文言文</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">白話文</headItem>
 <label>汝</label>
 <item> 你</item>
 <label>吾</label>
 <item>我</item>
 <label>彼</label>
 <item>他</item>
 <label>爾輩</label>
 <item>你們</item>
 <label>吾等</label>
 <item>我們</item>
</list>

3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

<div type="index">
<!--...-->
 <list type="index">
  <item>Women, how cause of mel. <ref>193</ref>; their vanity in
     apparell taxed, <ref>527</ref>; their counterfeit tears
  <ref>547</ref>; their vices <ref>601</ref>, commended,
  <ref>624</ref>.</item>
  <item>Wormwood, good against mel. <ref>443</ref>
  </item>
  <item>World taxed, <ref>181</ref>
  </item>
  <item>Writers of the cure of mel. 295</item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
</div>

3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

<item>Women,
<list>
  <item>how cause of mel. <ref>193</ref>;</item>
  <item>their vanity in apparell taxed, <ref>527</ref>;</item>
  <item>their counterfeit tears <ref>547</ref>;</item>
  <item>their vices
  <list>
    <item>
     <ref>601</ref>,</item>
    <item> commended, <ref>624</ref>.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</item>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Ninth International Conference on Middle High German Textual Criticism, Aachen,
   June 1998.</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>List of Participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Colloque international : Duras, marges et transgressions, Nancy, 1er et 2 avril
   2005</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>liste des participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>2007第三屆亞太藝術教育國際研討會</meeting>
 <list type="參與者">
  <head>與會者名單</head>
  <item>
   <persName>馬桂順 </persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>仲瀨律久</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<speaker>

<sp who="#ni #rsa">
 <speaker>Nancy and Robert</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">(speaking simultaneously)</stage>
 <p>The future? ...</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="ni"/>
 <item xml:id="rsa"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p>Ne risquez rien du tout, Monique ; rentrez.</p>
</sp>
<sp who="mo">
 <speaker>Monique.</speaker>
 <p>Rentrer ? comment voulez-vous que je rentre ? J'ai les clés de la voiture.</p>
</sp>
<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p> Je rentrerai par mes propres moyens. </p>
</sp>
<sp who="mo">
 <speaker>Monique.</speaker>
 <p> Vous ? vos moyens ? quels moyens ? Seigneur ! Vous ne savez même pas conduire, vous ne
   savez pas reconnaître votre gauche de votre droite, vous auriez été incapable de
   retrouver ce fichu quartier tout seul, vous ne savez absolument rien faire tout seul. Je
   me demande bien comment vous pourriez rentrer. </p>
</sp>
<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p>J'appellerai un taxi.</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="fr_mo"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_ko"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="#zh-tw_ni #zh-tw_rsa">
 <speaker>梁山伯與祝英台t</speaker>
 <stage type="演講或歌唱">（同時)</stage>
 <p>梁山伯與祝英台，生不成雙死不分，生不成雙死不分。</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_ni"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_rsa"/>
</list>

4. Default Text Structure

<div5>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Apple soup</head>
   <div5>
    <head>Ingredients</head>
    <list>
     <item>2 lbs. of good boiling apples,</item>
     <item>3/4 teaspoonful of white pepper,</item>
     <item>6 cloves,</item>
     <item>cayenne or ginger to taste,</item>
     <item>3 quarts of medium stock</item>
    </list>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Mode</head>
    <p>Peel and quarter the apples taking out their cores; put them into
         the stock, stew them gently till tender, Rub the whole through a
         strainer, add the seasoning. give it one boil up, and serve.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Time</head>
    <p>1 hour.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Average cost</head>
    <p>per quart, 1s.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Seasonable</head>
    <p>from September to December.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Sufficient</head>
    <p> for 10 persons</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>The apple</head>
    <p>This useful fruit is mentioned in Holy Writ; and Homer describes it
         as valuable in his time... As a food, the apple cannot be considered
         to rank high, as more than the half of it consists of water, and
         the rest of its properties are not the most nourishing. It is
         however a useful adjunct to other kinds of food, and, when cooked, is
         esteemed as slightly laxative.</p>
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Artichoke (Jerusalem) soup</head>
   <p>...</p>
  </div4>
<!-- other recipes here -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div6>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
    <div6>
     <head>Ingredients</head>
     <list>
      <item>4 lbs of shin of beef,</item>
      <item>4 lbs of knuckle of veal,</item>
<!-- ... -->
      <item>4 quarts of water</item>
     </list>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Mode</head>
     <p>Line a delicately clean stewpan... Strain through a very
           fine hair sieve, or tammy, and it will be fit for use</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Time</head>
     <p>5 hours.</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Average cost</head>
     <p>1s 3d. per quart</p>
    </div6>
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
<!-- ... -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div7>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div type="book" n="I">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the
   first book of the ecclesiastical history of Georgius Florentinus,
   known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div>
  <head>Chapter Headings</head>
  <list>
   <item>
<!-- chapter head -->
   </item>
<!-- further chapter heads omitted -->
  </list>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four
     hundred and twelve years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five
     hundred and ninety-six years from the beginning of the world down
     to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="chap" n="6">
 <argument>
  <list type="inline">
   <item>Kingston</item>
   <item>Instructive remarks on early English history</item>
   <item>Instructive observations on carved oak and life in
       general</item>
   <item>Sad case of Stivvings, junior</item>
   <item>Musings on antiquity</item>
   <item>I forget that I am steering</item>
   <item>Interesting result</item>
   <item>Hampton Court Maze</item>
   <item>Harris as a guide.</item>
  </list>
 </argument>
 <p>It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you
   care to take it ...</p>
</div>

<signed>

<closer>
 <signed>Sign'd and Seal'd,
 <list>
   <item>John Bull,</item>
   <item>Nic. Frog.</item>
  </list>
 </signed>
</closer>

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="dedication">
 <p>To my parents, Ida and Max Fish</p>
</div>
<div type="preface">
 <head>Preface</head>
 <p>The answer this book gives to its title question is <q>there is
     and there isn't</q>.</p>
 <p>Chapters 1–12 have been previously published in the
   following journals and collections:
 <list>
   <item>chapters 1 and 3 in <title>New literary History</title>
   </item>
   <item>chapter 10 in <title>Boundary II</title> (1980)</item>
  </list>.
   I am grateful for permission to reprint.</p>
 <signed>S.F.</signed>
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="contents">
 <head>Contents</head>
 <list>
  <item>Introduction, or How I stopped Worrying and Learned to Love
     Interpretation <ptr target="#fish1"/>
  </item>
  <item>
   <list>
    <head>Part One: Literature in the Reader</head>
    <item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
    <ptr target="#fish2"/>
    </item>
    <item n="2">What is Stylistics and Why Are They Saying Such
         Terrible Things About It? <ptr target="#fish3"/>
    </item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</div>
<div xml:id="fish1">
 <head>Introduction</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish2">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish3">
 <head>What is stylistics?</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<front>
 <div1 type="incipit">
  <p>Here bygynniþ a book of contemplacyon, þe whiche
     is clepyd <title>þE CLOWDE OF VNKNOWYNG</title>,
     in þe whiche a soule is onyd wiþ GOD.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="prayer">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe preyer on þe prologe.</head>
  <p>God, unto whom alle hertes ben open, &amp; unto whome alle wille
     spekiþ, &amp; unto whom no priue þing is hid: I beseche
     þee so for to clense þe entent of myn hert wiþ þe
     unspekable 3ift of þi grace, þat I may parfiteliche
     loue þee &amp; worþilich preise þee. Amen.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="preface">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe prolog.</head>
  <p>In þe name of þe Fader &amp; of þe Sone &amp;
     of þe Holy Goost.</p>
  <p>I charge þee &amp; I beseeche þee, wiþ as moche
     power &amp; vertewe as þe bonde of charite is sufficient
     to suffre, what-so-euer þou be þat þis book schalt
     haue in possession ...</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="contents">
  <head>Here biginneþ a table of þe chapitres.</head>
  <list>
   <label>þe first chapitre </label>
   <item>Of foure degrees of Cristen mens leuing; &amp; of þe
       cours of his cleping þat þis book was maad vnto.</item>
   <label>þe secound chapitre</label>
   <item>A schort stering to meeknes &amp; to þe werk of þis
       book</item>
   <label>þe fiue and seuenti chapitre</label>
   <item>Of somme certein tokenes bi þe whiche a man may proue
       wheþer he be clepid of God to worche in þis werk.</item>
  </list>
  <trailer>&amp; here eendeþ þe table of þe chapitres.</trailer>
 </div1>
</front>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="index">
  <head>Index</head>
  <list type="index">
   <item>Actors, public, paid for the contempt attending
       their profession, <ref>263</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Africa, cause assigned for the barbarous state of
       the interior parts of that continent, <ref>125</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Agriculture
   <list type="indexentry">
     <item>ancient policy of Europe unfavourable to, <ref>371</ref>
     </item>
     <item>artificers necessary to carry it on, <ref>481</ref>
     </item>
     <item>cattle and tillage mutually improve each other, <ref>325</ref>
     </item>
     <item>wealth arising from more solid than that which proceeds
           from commerce <ref>520</ref>
     </item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref>461</ref>
   </item>
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>The Golden Dream or, the Ingenuous Confession</head>
  <p>TO shew the Depravity of human Nature, and how apt the Mind is to be misled by Trinkets
     and false Appearances, Mrs. Two-Shoes does acknowledge, that after she became rich, she
     had like to have been, too fond of Money
<!-- .... -->
  </p>
 </div>
<!-- ... -->
 <div type="epistle">
  <head>A letter from the Printer, which he desires may be inserted</head>
  <salute>Sir.</salute>
  <p>I have done with your Copy, so you may return it to the Vatican, if you please;

<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>The Books usually read by the Scholars of Mrs Two-Shoes are these and are sold at Mr
     Newbery's at the Bible and Sun in St Paul's Church-yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">The Christmas Box, Price 1d.</item>
   <item n="2">The History of Giles Gingerbread, 1d.</item>
<!-- ... -->
   <item n="42">A Curious Collection of Travels, selected from the Writers of all Nations,
       10 Vol, Pr. bound 1l.</item>
  </list>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>By the KING's Royal Patent, Are sold by J. NEWBERY, at the Bible and Sun in St.
     Paul's Church-Yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">Dr. James's Powders for Fevers, the Small-Pox, Measles, Colds, &amp;c. 2s.
       6d</item>
   <item n="2">Dr. Hooper's Female Pills, 1s.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div1 type="appendix">
  <head>臺灣現代詩論戰史資料彙編</head>
  <p>現代詩論戰史第一階段</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="epistle">
  <head>白先勇致瘂弦洛夫</head>
  <salute>您好，</salute>
  <p>您的副本我已使用完畢，可以歸還了，麻煩您。</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>本論文提及的專書，可於台灣各大書店詢問訂購。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">陳芳明《詩與現實》，台北：洪範，1983。</item>
   <item n="2">洛夫《詩人之鏡》，台北：大業，1969。</item>
   <item n="42">廖炳惠《回顧現代》，台北：麥田，1994。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>
   <hi rend="center">詩集、詩選</hi>也可於網路書店購得。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">余光中《天狼星》，台北：洪範，1976。</item>
   <item n="2">席慕蓉著《無怨的青春》，台北，大地，1983。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
</back>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.7.2. Vertical Text with Embedded Horizontal Text

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="ja"
 style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: mixed">
 <label xml:lang="id">hampir</label>
 <item>「近い、ほとんど」</item>
 <label xml:lang="id">baru</label>
 <item>「新しい、ばかい」</item>
<!-- ... -->
</list>

5.7.2. Vertical Text with Embedded Horizontal Text

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="ja"
 style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: upright">
 <label xml:lang="id">hampir</label>
 <item>「近い、ほとんど」</item>
 <label xml:lang="id">baru</label>
 <item>「新しい、ばかい」</item>
<!-- ... -->
</list>

7. Performance Texts

<set>

<front>
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TEMPS</label>
   <item>1640</item>
   <label>LIEU</label>
   <item>La salle de l'Hôtel de Bourgogne</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

<set>

<front>
<!-- <>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>時間：</label>
   <item>2007</item>
   <label>地點：</label>
   <item>台北市中心</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

<set>

<front>
<!-- <titlePage>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TIME</label>
   <item>1907</item>
   <label>PLACE</label>
   <item>East Coast village in England</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<tagUsage gi="stage">This element is used for all stage directions,
editorial or authorial. The type attribute on this element takes
one or more of the following values:
<list type="gloss">
  <label>setting</label>
  <item>describes the set</item>
  <label>blocking</label>
  <item>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</item>
  <label>business</label>
  <item>describes movement other than blocking</item>
  <label>delivery</label>
  <item>describes how the line is said</item>
  <label>motivation</label>
  <item>describes character's emotional state or through line</item>
 </list>
</tagUsage>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

<u>

<u who="#spkr1">if did you set</u>
<u trans="latching" who="#spkr2">well Joe and I set it between us</u>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="spkr1"/>
 <item xml:id="spkr2"/>
</list>

<u>

<u who="#fr_spkr1">si tu te déplaçais</u>
<u trans="latching" who="#fr_spkr2">Joe et moi l'aurions mis entre nous</u>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="fr_spkr1"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_spkr2"/>
</list>

<u>

<u who="#zh-tw_spkr1">假如你真的決定</u>
<u trans="latching" who="#zh-tw_spkr2">...我和小文會在我們之間做個決定</u>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_spkr1"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_spkr2"/>
</list>

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.1.3. Collation

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-3:8, 4:6, 5-13:8</formula>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>There are now four gatherings, the first, second and fourth originally
   consisting of eight leaves, the third of seven. A fifth gathering thought to
   have followed has left no trace. <list>
   <item>Gathering I consists of 7 leaves, a first leaf, originally conjoint with
   <locus>fol. 7</locus>, having been cut away leaving only a narrow strip along
       the gutter; the others, <locus>fols 1</locus> and <locus>6</locus>,
   <locus>2</locus> and <locus>5</locus>, and <locus>3</locus> and
   <locus>4</locus>, are bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering II consists of 8 leaves, 4 bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering III consists of 7 leaves; <locus>fols 16</locus> and
   <locus>22</locus> are conjoint, the others singletons.</item>
   <item>Gathering IV consists of 2 leaves, a bifolium.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>I (1, 2+9, 3+8, 4+7, 5+6, 10); II (11, 12+17, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18,
   19).</p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8
     9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
 </p>
</collation>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniatures">
  <p>Fourteen large miniatures with arched tops, above five lines of text: <list>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 14r</locus>Pericopes. <term>St. John writing on Patmos</term>,
         with the Eagle holding his ink-pot and pen-case; some flaking of pigment,
         especially in the sky</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 26r</locus>Hours of the Virgin, Matins.
    <term>Annunciation</term>; Gabriel and the Dove to the right</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 60r</locus>Prime. <term>Nativity</term>; the <term>Virgin and
           Joseph adoring the Child</term>
    </item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 66r</locus>Terce. <term>Annunciation to the Shepherds</term>,
         one with <term>bagpipes</term>
    </item>
<!-- ... -->
   </list>
  </p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Spaces for initials and chapter headings were left by the scribe but not
   filled in. A later, probably fifteenth-century, hand has added initials and
   chapter headings in greenish-coloured ink on fols <locus>8r</locus>,
 <locus>8v</locus>, <locus>9r</locus>, <locus>10r</locus> and <locus>11r</locus>.
   Although a few of these chapter headings are now rather difficult to read, most
   can be made out, e.g. fol. <locus>8rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">floti ast<ex>ri</ex>d<ex>ar</ex>
  </quote>; fol.
 <locus>9rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">v<ex>m</ex> olaf conung</quote>, and fol.
 <locus>10ra</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">Gipti<ex>n</ex>g ol<ex>a</ex>fs
     k<ex>onun</ex>gs</quote>.</p>
 <p>The manuscript contains the following marginalia: <list>
   <item>Fol. <locus>4v</locus>, left margin: <quote xml:lang="is">hialmadr
    <ex>ok</ex>
     <lb/>brynjadr</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, imitating an addition made
       to the text by the scribe at this point.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>5r</locus>, lower margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þ<ex>e</ex>tta
         þiki m<ex>er</ex> v<ex>er</ex>a gott blek en<ex>n</ex>da kan<ex>n</ex> ek icki
         betr sia</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, probably the same as that on the
       previous page.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>9v</locus>, bottom margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þessa bok
         uilda eg <sic>gæt</sic> lært med
    <lb/>an Gud gefe myer Gott ad
    <lb/>læra</quote>; seventeenth-century hand.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
 <p>There are in addition a number of illegible scribbles in a later hand (or
   hands) on fols <locus>2r</locus>, <locus>3r</locus>, <locus>5v</locus> and
 <locus>19r</locus>.</p>
</additions>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<correction>
 <p>The following codes are used to categorize corrections identified in this
   transcription: <list type="gloss">
   <label>graphSubs</label>
   <item>Substitution of a more familiar word which resembles graphically
       what the scribe should be copying but which does not make sense in the
       context.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</correction>

16. Language Corpora

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<particDesc>
 <p>The chief speaking characters in this novel are
 <list>
   <item xml:id="EMWOO">
    <name>Emma Woodhouse</name>
   </item>
   <item xml:id="DARCY">
    <name>Mr Darcy</name>
   </item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</particDesc>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.2. Pointing Locally

<div type="section" xml:id="sect106">
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="section" n="107" xml:id="sect107">
 <head>Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use</head>
 <p>Notwithstanding the provisions of
 <ref target="#sect106">section 106</ref>, the fair use of a
   copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies
   or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section,
   for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting,
   teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use),
   scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.
   In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular
   case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall
   include — 
 <list rend="bulleted">
   <item n="(1)">the purpose and character of the use, including
       whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit
       educational purposes;</item>
   <item n="(2)">the nature of the copyrighted work;</item>
   <item n="(3)">the amount and substantiality of the portion
       used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole;
       and</item>
   <item n="(4)">the effect of the use upon the potential market
       for or value of the copyrighted work.</item>
  </list>
   The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a
   finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration
   of all the above factors.</p>
</div>

17.7. Aggregation

<list>
 <head>Authors</head>
 <item xml:id="a_uf">Figge, Udo </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ch">Heibach, Christiane </item>
 <item xml:id="a_gh">Heyer, Gerhard </item>
 <item xml:id="a_bp">Philipp, Bettina </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ms">Samiec, Monika </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ss">Schierholz, Stefan </item>
</list>
<join target="#a_ch #a_bp #a_ss"
 result="list">
 <desc>Authors from Heidelberg</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="fr_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="fr_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="fr_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as
borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="fr_LST1"
 target="#fr_LP1 #fr_LP2 #fr_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>台灣譯為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>艾蜜莉的異想世界</s>
  </item>
 </list> ；香港譯作<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>天使愛美麗</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<p>中國大陸則名為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>阿梅麗的奇妙命運</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="zh-tw_LST1"
 target="#zh-tw_LP1 #zh-tw_LP2 #zh-tw_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>電影Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain的中港台譯名</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="LST1"
 target="#LP1 #LP2 #LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.3. Attribution of Responsibility

Ernest went to old
<persName xml:id="CE-p5" rend="it">Saybrook</persName>.

<!-- ... -->
<respons target="#CE-p5" locus="value"
 resp="#RC"/>
<respons target="#CE-p5"
 locus="name location" resp="#PMWR"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="PMWR"/>
 <item xml:id="RC"/>
</list>

<respons>

<respons target="#p1" locus="name location"
 resp="#encoder1"/>
<respons target="#p2" match="@rend"
 locus="value" resp="#encoder2"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="encoder1"/>
 <item xml:id="encoder2"/>
</list>

<respons>

<respons target="#fr_p1"
 locus="name location" resp="#fr_encoder1"/>
<respons target="#fr_p2" locus="value"
 resp="#fr_encoder2"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="fr_encoder1"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_encoder2"/>
</list>

<respons>

<respons target="#zh-tw_p1"
 locus="name location" resp="#zh-tw_encoder1"/>
<respons target="#zh-tw_p2" match="@rend"
 locus="value" resp="#zh-tw_encoder2"/>
<list type="編碼員">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_編碼員1"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_編碼員2"/>
</list>

23. Documentation Elements

<egXML>

<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>
</egXML>

<div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<item>

<item> (item) contains one component of a list. [3.8. Lists 2.6. The Revision Description]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.sortable

@sortKey

Contained by

core: list

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain simple prose or a sequence of chunks.

Whatever string of characters is used to label a list item in the copy text may be used as the value of the global n attribute, but it is not required that numbering be recorded explicitly. In ordered lists, the n attribute on the item element is by definition synonymous with the use of the label element to record the enumerator of the list item. In glossary lists, however, the term being defined should be given with the label element, not n.

Example

<list rend="numbered">
 <head>Here begin the chapter headings of Book IV</head>
 <item n="4.1">The death of Queen Clotild.</item>
 <item n="4.2">How King Lothar wanted to appropriate one third of the Church revenues.</item>
 <item n="4.3">The wives and children of Lothar.</item>
 <item n="4.4">The Counts of the Bretons.</item>
 <item n="4.5">Saint Gall the Bishop.</item>
 <item n="4.6">The priest Cato.</item>
 <item> ...</item>
</list>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element item
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <item> (item)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <item> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <item> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

23. Documentation Elements

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.1. Element Identifiers and Labels

<list rend="numbered">
 <item n="1">About These Guidelines</item>
 <item n="2">A Gentle Introduction to XML</item>
 <item n="9">Verse</item>
 <item n="10">Drama</item>
 <item n="10">Spoken Materials </item>
 <item n="12">Dictionaries</item>
</list>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>No quotation marks have been retained. Instead, the <att>rend</att> attribute on the
 <gi>q</gi> element is used to specify what kinds of quotation mark was used, according
   to the following list: <list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>double quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>single quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>long dash open, no close</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>double guillemets, open and close</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>Aucun guillemet n'a été conservé. Au lieu de cela, on a utilisé l'attribut
 <att>rend</att> pour l'élément <gi>q</gi> afin de spécifier quel type de guillemet a été
   utilisé, selon la liste suivante : <list type="gloss">
   <label>ga</label>
   <item>guillemet allemand</item>
   <label>gd</label>
   <item>guillemet anglais ou guillemet dactylographique </item>
   <label>gf</label>
   <item>guillemet français</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>不保留引號，改用元素<gi>q</gi>內的屬性<att>rend</att> 來區分引號的種類，種類如下：<list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>雙引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>單引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>破折號，僅前面一個</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>雙箭號，前後各一</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl xml:id="fr_ASLREF">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
  replacementPattern="#fr_xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
  <p>Une référence a été créée en assemblant les éléments suivants dans l'ordre inverse de
     la liste qui suit : <list>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> du précédent <gi>lb</gi>
    </item>
    <item>une période</item>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> de l'ancêtre <gi>div2</gi>
    </item>
    <item>un espace</item>
    <item>la valeur<att>n</att> du parent <gi>div1</gi>
    </item>
   </list>
  </p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="acprose">
  <catDesc>Academic prose</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- other categories here -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#acprose"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.udcc.org">001.9</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>End of the world</item>
   <item>History - philosophy</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#fr_RAMEAU">
  <list>
   <item>Littérature française -- 20ème siècle -- Histoire et critique</item>
   <item>Littérature française -- Histoire et critique -- Théorie, etc.</item>
   <item>Français (langue) -- Style -- Bases de données.</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<textClass>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_chineseliterature">
  <catDesc>中國文學</catDesc>
 </category>
<!-- 其他文類 -->
</taxonomy>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <catRef target="#zh-tw_chineseliterature"/>
 <classCode scheme="http://www.ncl.edu.tw/">820</classCode>
 <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov">
  <list>
   <item>傷痕文學</item>
   <item>語文類</item>
  </list>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

2.4.4. Abstracts

<profileDesc>
 <abstract>
  <list>
   <item>An annual HBC supply ship is
       set to the North West Coast for mid-September.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> writes
       to ascertain the British Government's plans
       for the lands associated with the Oregon Treaty;
       he wants to know what will happen to the HBC's
       establishment on the southern <name type="place"
     key="vancouver_island">Vancouver Island</name>.
       He adds that a former Crown grant, an 1838 exclusive
       trade-grant for the lands in question, has yet to
       expire.</item>
   <item>The minutes discuss the nature of the HBC's
       original entitlements and question whether or not,
       and in what capacity, the Oregon Treaty affects the
       HBC's position. The majority council further
       investigation, and to reply cautiously and
       judiciously to the HBC inquiry.</item>
   <item>A
       summary of a meeting with <name key="pelly_jh">Pelly</name> is offered in
       order to elucidate the HBC's intentions.</item>
   <item>
    <name key="grey_hg">Lord Grey</name> calls
       for greater consideration on the issue of
       colonization; he asks that <name key="stephen_j">Stephen</name> write the Company,
       asking them to detail their intentions, and to
       state their legal opinion for entitlement.
   </item>
  </list>
 </abstract>
</profileDesc>

<revisionDesc>

<revisionDesc>
 <list>
  <item>
   <date when="2003-04-12">12 avril 03</date>Dernière révision par F. B.</item>
  <item>
   <date when="2003-03-01">1 mars 03</date> F.B a fait le nouveau fichier.</item>
 </list>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<said who="#Wilson">Spaulding, he came down into the office just this day
eight weeks with this very paper in his hand, and he says:—
<said who="#WilsonSpaulding">I wish to the Lord, Mr. Wilson, that I was a
   red-headed man.</said>
</said>
<!-- ... -->
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="Wilson">Wilson</item>
 <item xml:id="WilsonSpaulding">Spaulding reported by Wilson</item>
<!-- ...-->
</list>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<div n="2">
 <list type="gloss">
  <label>Age</label>
  <item>Unimportant</item>
  <label>Head</label>
  <item>Small and round</item>
  <label>Eyes</label>
  <item>Green</item>
  <label>Complexion</label>
  <item>White</item>
  <label>Hair</label>
  <item>yellow</item>
  <label>Features</label>
  <item>Mobile</item>
  <label>Neck</label>
  <item>
   <measure>13¾"</measure>
  </item>
  <label>Upper arm</label>
  <item>
   <measure>11"</measure>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<list>
 <item>
  <measure type="volume" quantity="2"
   unit="bag" commodity="hops">ii bags hops</measure>
 </item>
 <item>
  <measure type="volume" quantity="6"
   unit="truss" commodity="cloth">six trusses Woolen and linen goods</measure>
 </item>
 <item>
  <measure type="weight" quantity="5"
   unit="ton" commodity="coal">5 tonnes coale</measure>
 </item>
</list>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<list>
 <item>Saints aid rejected in mel. <ptr target="#p299"/>
 </item>
 <item>Sallets censured <ptr target="#p143 #p144"/>
 </item>
 <item>Sanguine mel. signs <ptr target="#p263"/>
 </item>
 <item>Scilla or sea onyon, a purger of mel. <ptr target="#p442"/>
 </item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in
the composition of six, or even five quartos.
<list rend="inline numbered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any
   intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2)</label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human
   eyes, excepting those of the author and the printer:
   the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in
the composition of six, or even five quartos.
<list rend="inline numbered">
 <item n="1">My first rough manuscript, without any
   intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <item n="2">Not a sheet has been seen by any human
   eyes, excepting those of the author and the printer:
   the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

On those remote pages it is written that animals are
divided into <list rend="inline">
 <item n="a">those that belong to the Emperor, </item>
 <item n="b">embalmed ones, </item>
 <item n="c">those that are trained, </item>
 <item n="d">suckling pigs, </item>
 <item n="e">mermaids, </item>
 <item n="f">fabulous ones, </item>
 <item n="g">stray dogs, </item>
 <item n="h">those that are included in this classification, </item>
 <item n="i">those that tremble as if they were mad, </item>
 <item n="j">innumerable ones, </item>
 <item n="k">those drawn with a very fine camel's-hair brush, </item>
 <item n="l">others, </item>
 <item n="m">those that have just broken a flower vase, </item>
 <item n="n">those that resemble flies from a distance. </item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Report of the conduct and progress of Ernest Pontifex.
   Upper Vth form — half term ending Midsummer 1851</head>
 <label>Classics</label>
 <item>Idle listless and unimproving</item>
 <label>Mathematics</label>
 <item>ditto</item>
 <label>Divinity</label>
 <item>ditto</item>
 <label>Conduct in house</label>
 <item>Orderly</item>
 <label>General conduct</label>
 <item>Not satisfactory, on account of his great
   unpunctuality and inattention to duties</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um </label>
 <item>bitter, harsh</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </label>
 <item>field</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">audiō, īre,
   īvī, ītus </label>
 <item>hear, listen (to)</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </label>
 <item>war</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um </label>
 <item>good</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>bitter, harsh</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>field</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>hear, listen (to)</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>war</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>good</gloss>
 </item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

The simple, straightforward statement of an idea is
preferable to the use of a worn-out expression.
<list type="gloss">
 <headLabel>TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem>SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet </label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends </label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms </label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square </label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door </label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <label>EVIL</label>
 <item>
  <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>I am cast upon a horrible desolate island, void
       of all hope of recovery.</item>
   <item>I am singled out and separated as it were from
       all the world to be miserable.</item>
   <item>I am divided from mankind — a solitaire; one
       banished from human society.</item>
  </list>
 </item>
 <label>GOOD</label>
 <item>
  <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>But I am alive; and not drowned, as all my
       ship's company were.</item>
   <item>But I am singled out, too, from all the ship's
       crew, to be spared from death...</item>
   <item>But I am not starved, and perishing on a barren place,
       affording no sustenances....</item>
  </list>
 </item>
</list>

<list>

<list rend="numbered">
 <item>a butcher</item>
 <item>a baker</item>
 <item>a candlestick maker, with
 <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>rings on his fingers</item>
   <item>bells on his toes</item>
  </list>
 </item>
</list>

<list>

<list type="syllogism" rend="bulleted">
 <item>All Cretans are liars.</item>
 <item>Epimenides is a Cretan.</item>
 <item>ERGO Epimenides is a liar.</item>
</list>

<list>

<list type="litany" rend="simple">
 <item>God save us from drought.</item>
 <item>God save us from pestilence.</item>
 <item>God save us from wickedness in high places.</item>
 <item>Praise be to God.</item>
</list>

<list>

<list rend="bulleted">
 <item>Thé sans sucre et sans lait </item>
 <item>Un jus d'ananas</item>
 <item>Un yaourt</item>
 <item>Trois biscuits de seigle </item>
 <item>Carottes râpées</item>
 <item>Côtelettes d'agneau (deux)</item>
 <item>Courgettes</item>
 <item>Chèvre frais </item>
 <item>Coings</item>
</list>

<list>

<div>
 <p> Selon des critères qui n'appartiennent qu'à lui, Rémi Plassaert a classé ses buvards
   en huit tas respectivement surmontés par :</p>
 <list rend="bulleted">
  <item>un toréador chantant (dentifrice émail Diamant)</item>
  <item>un tapis d'Orient du XVIIe siècle, provenant d'une basilique de Transylvanie
     (Kalium-Sedaph, soluté de propionate de potassium)</item>
  <item>Le Renard et la Cicogne (sic), gravure de Jean-Baptiste Oudry (Papeteries
     Marquaize, Stencyl, Reprographie)</item>
 </list>
</div>

<list>

<div>
 <p> [...] et tout autour, la longue cohorte de ses personnages, avec leur histoire, leur
   passé, leurs légendes :</p>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Pélage vainqueur d'Alkhamah se faisant couronner à Covadonga </item>
  <item n="2">La cantatrice exilée de Russie suivant Schönberg à Amsterdam</item>
  <item n="3">Le petit chat sourd aux yeux vairons vivant au dernier étage</item>
  <item n="4">Le crétin chef d'îlot faisant préparer des tonneaux de sable</item>
 </list>
</div>

<list>

<list rend="numbered">
 <item>一個屠夫</item>
 <item>一個糕點師父</item>
 <item>一個燭台工人<list rend="bulleted">
   <item>手上戴了戒指</item>
   <item>腳趾上有鈴鐺</item>
  </list>
 </item>
</list>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>青年守則</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">守則一至五條包括八德：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">一、忠勇為愛國之本 。</item>
    <item n="1.2">二、服從為負責之本。</item>
    <item n="1.3">三、孝順為齊家之本。</item>
    <item n="1.4">四、勤儉為服務之本。</item>
    <item n="1.5">五、仁愛為接物之本。</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">六至九條意指四維：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">六、整潔為強身之本。</item>
    <item n="2.2">七、信義為立業之本。</item>
    <item n="2.3">八、助人為快樂之本。</item>
    <item n="2.4">九、和平為處世之本</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">十至十二條就是三達德：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">十、學問為濟世之本。</item>
    <item n="3.2">十一、禮節為治事之本。</item>
    <item n="3.3">十二、有恆為成功之本。</item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</div1>

<list>

<p>我們二人謹定于2008年7月3日正午十二時，在台北舉行結婚典禮，寫下海誓山盟，終身遵守，在婚姻路上，共同經營，災難病情，互相扶持，永不分離。并就下列事項，立下承諾，即令滄海化為桑田，桑田再變為滄海，也要攜手共進，相親相愛，直到白頭。<list rend="simple">
  <item>我們宣誓：從結婚這一天開始，不但成為夫妻，互相敬愛，分擔對方的快樂和憂愁，也同時成為朋友，而且是諍友，互相勉勵，互相規勸，互相批評。</item>
  <item>我們領悟：愉快的共同生活，全靠心靈溝通，所以，我們一定善用言語，不僅表達愛心、關心，也使彼此藉語言加深了解，一起成長。絕不粗聲叱責，絕不用肢體代替言語，絕不允許發生婚姻暴力。 </item>
  <item>我們認知：家庭與事業是夫妻共同經營的果實，夫妻對家庭的貢獻等值，在家庭內或社會上，價值完全相同，社會工作薪俸無論多少，家務工作的薪俸都與其相同。</item>
  <item>我們同意：將來我們有子女，管教上如果有不同的意見，甚至尖銳對立的意見，一定要克制自己，去請教專家，絕不把孩子當成實現自己希望的工具，也絕不用孩子來炫耀自己。 </item>
  <item>我們認為：一夫一妻制，是社會安定的磐石，是孩子們成長最安全的溫床，我們喜愛并尊重這種制度，并用事實和行動，維護它的尊嚴。</item>
  <item>我們警惕：婚姻生活并不多彩多姿，它不但平凡，而且瑣碎，如果不滋養珍惜，容易使生命憔悴，心靈粗俗，所以生活之中，我們一定保持適度的假期，與孩子一起長大。</item>
  <item>我們謹記：我們孝敬自己的父母，也孝敬對方的父母，不僅是回報養育之恩，也是培養自己人格的完整，為我們的下一代立下榜樣。 </item>
  <item>我們了解：我們將來會老，所以，我們從結婚這一天，就培養專業之外的其它藝朮興趣，如書、畫、音樂，使我們生命永遠充實燦爛。 </item>
 </list>
</p>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>Athelstan's Ordinance</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Concerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with
     the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over
     eightpence.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his
         wergild — and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account — or to
         clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
    <item n="1.2">If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is
         not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve].</item>
    <item n="1.3">If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may
         then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him
         that he will desist for ever.</item>
    <item n="1.4">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         or to bring him back there.</item>
    <item n="1.5">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who
         supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom
     no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a
     person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day,
         he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him
         down as a thief.</item>
    <item n="2.2">And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild
         or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds
     his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and
     120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as
     often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had
     refused him justice.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes
         known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first
         occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns.</item>
    <item n="3.2">And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been
         an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="4">Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to
     a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is
     afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal.</item>
 </list>
</div1>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>Athelstan's Ordinance</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Concerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with
     the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over
     eightpence.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his
         wergild — and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account — or to
         clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
    <item n="1.2">If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is
         not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve].</item>
    <item n="1.3">If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may
         then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him
         that he will desist for ever.</item>
    <item n="1.4">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         or to bring him back there.</item>
    <item n="1.5">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who
         supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom
     no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a
     person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day,
         he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him
         down as a thief.</item>
    <item n="2.2">And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild
         or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds
     his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and
     120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as
     often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had
     refused him justice.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes
         known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first
         occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns.</item>
    <item n="3.2">And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been
         an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="4">Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to
     a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is
     afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal.</item>
 </list>
</div1>

<list>

<p>These decrees, most blessed Pope Hadrian, we propounded in the public council ... and they
confirmed them in our hand in your stead with the sign of the Holy Cross, and afterwards
inscribed with a careful pen on the paper of this page, affixing thus the sign of the Holy
Cross.
<list rend="simple">
  <item>I, Eanbald, by the grace of God archbishop of the holy church of York, have
     subscribed to the pious and catholic validity of this document with the sign of the Holy
     Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ælfwold, king of the people across the Humber, consenting have subscribed with
     the sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Tilberht, prelate of the church of Hexham, rejoicing have subscribed with the
     sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Higbald, bishop of the church of Lindisfarne, obeying have subscribed with the
     sign of the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ethelbert, bishop of Candida Casa, suppliant, have subscribed with thef sign of
     the Holy Cross.</item>
  <item>I, Ealdwulf, bishop of the church of Mayo, have subscribed with devout will.</item>
  <item>I, Æthelwine, bishop, have subscribed through delegates.</item>
  <item>I, Sicga, patrician, have subscribed with serene mind with the sign of the Holy
     Cross.</item>
 </list>
</p>

<item>

<list rend="numbered">
 <head>Here begin the chapter headings of Book IV</head>
 <item n="4.1">The death of Queen Clotild.</item>
 <item n="4.2">How King Lothar wanted to appropriate one third of the Church revenues.</item>
 <item n="4.3">The wives and children of Lothar.</item>
 <item n="4.4">The Counts of the Bretons.</item>
 <item n="4.5">Saint Gall the Bishop.</item>
 <item n="4.6">The priest Cato.</item>
 <item> ...</item>
</list>

<item>

<list type="unordered">
 <head>Tentative d'inventaire de quelques-unes des choses qui ont été trouvées dans
   les escaliers au fil des ans.</head>
 <item>Plusieurs photos, dont celle d'une jeune fille de quinze<lb/> ans vêtue d'un slip
   de bain noir et d'un chandail blanc, agenouillée sur une plage,</item>
 <item>un réveil radio de toute évidence destiné à un réparateur, dans un sac plastique
   des établissements Nicolas,</item>
 <item>un soulier noir orné de brillants,</item>
 <item>une mule en chevreau doré,</item>
 <item>une boîte de pastilles Géraudel contre la toux.</item>
</list>

<item>

<list rend="numbered">
 <head>以下為第三部份的各個章節標題</head>
 <item n="3.1">人物的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.2">情節的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.3">環境的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.4">主題的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.5">語言的鑑賞</item>
 <item> ...</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="fro">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulaire</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="fr">Ancien français</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="fr">Français moderne</headItem>
 <label>amerté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">amertume</item>
 <label>barquer</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire une barque</item>
 <label>biberon</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">goulot d'un vase.</item>
 <label>bugle</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">jeune boeuf</item>
 <label>cestui</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">celui-ci</item>
 <label>chaitiveté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">captivité</item>
 <label>duire</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire</item>
 <label>dangier</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">puissance, pouvoir</item>
 <label>sangler</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">singularis</item>
 <label>vespre </label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">tombée du jour (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Lexique de Godefroy</ref>
   <quote>de hautes vespres : tard dans la soirée.</quote>
  </cit>)</item>
</list>

<label>

L’unité mixte de
recherche ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française) propose 3 types
de ressources : <list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>Des ressources linguistiques publiées.</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>Des ressources linguistiques informatisées.</item>
 <label>(3) </label>
 <item>Des ressources linguistiques logicielles.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>1er janvier..</label>
 <item> L'esprit inquiet mais clairvoyant, c'est-à-dire actif et sain, de l'homme qui ne
   travaille pas.</item>
 <label>7 janvier. </label>
 <item>On parle de Syveton. Elle aussi se rappelle avoir été, petite fille, poursuivie par
   un homme tout décolleté du bas et qu'on appelait l'homme au nez rouge. </item>
 <label>9 janvier. </label>
 <item>Jaurès dit que Syveton n'avait aucun intérêt à se tuer mais, à y regarder de près,
   oui, en cherchant bien, on trouve que nous avons tous un intérêt quelconque à nous tuer. </item>
 <label>13 janvier. </label>
 <item>Dans mon coeur froid, quelques rares jolis sentiments, comme des oiseaux aux petites
   pattes sur de la neige.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="zh">
 <head xml:lang="zh">字彙</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="zh-CN">簡體中文</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="zh-TW">繁體中文</headItem>
 <label>尘</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">塵</item>
 <label>业</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">業</item>
 <label>处</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">處</item>
 <label>个</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">個</item>
 <label>与</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">與</item>
 <label>军队</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">軍隊</item>
 <label>疏远</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">疏遠</item>
 <label>后汉</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">後漢<cit>
   <ref>出師表</ref>
   <quote>亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是<term>后汉</term>所以倾覆衰败的原因</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>叹息</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">嘆息</item>
 <label>认为</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">認為</item>
 <label>诚实</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">誠實</item>
 <label>获得</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">獲得</item>
</list>

<label>

有關本書的版權問題，我做出以下兩點聲明。<list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>未經授權許可，請勿擅自複印。</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>歡迎學術引用本文，然請詳細標明出處。</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>一</label>
 <item>今天晚上，很好的月光。 我不見他，已是三十多年；今天見了，精神分外爽快。...</item>
 <label>二</label>
 <item>今天全沒月光，我知道不妙。早上小心出門，趙貴翁的眼色便怪：似乎怕我，似乎想害我。還有七八個人，交頭接耳的議論我，...</item>
 <label>三</label>
 <item>...我翻開歷史一查，這歷史沒有年代，歪歪斜斜的每葉上都寫著“仁義道德”几個字。我橫豎睡不著，仔細看了半夜，才從字縫里看出字來，滿本都寫著兩個字是<q xml:lang="och">喫人</q>！書上寫著這許多字，佃戶說了這許多話，卻都笑吟吟的睜著怪眼看我。我也是人，他們想要吃我了！ </item>
 <label>六</label>
 <item>黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。趙家的狗又叫起來了。 獅子似的凶心，兔子的怯弱，狐狸的狡猾，…… </item>
</list>

<label>

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred
in the composition of six, or at least of five quartos. <list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes, excepting those of the author and the
   printer: the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

<label>

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred
in the composition of six, or at least of five quartos. <list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes, excepting those of the author and the
   printer: the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>March 1757.</label>
 <item>I wrote some critical observations upon Plautus.</item>
 <label>March 8th.</label>
 <item>I wrote a long dissertation upon some lines of Virgil.</item>
 <label>June.</label>
 <item>I saw Mademoiselle Curchod — <quote xml:lang="la">Omnia vincit amor, et nos cedamus
     amori.</quote>
 </item>
 <label>August.</label>
 <item>I went to Crassy, and staid two days.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>March 1757.</label>
 <item>I wrote some critical observations upon Plautus.</item>
 <label>March 8th.</label>
 <item>I wrote a long dissertation upon some lines of Virgil.</item>
 <label>June.</label>
 <item>I saw Mademoiselle Curchod — <quote xml:lang="la">Omnia vincit amor, et nos cedamus
     amori.</quote>
 </item>
 <label>August.</label>
 <item>I went to Crassy, and staid two days.</item>
</list>

<head>

Les déictiques
sont des termes qui ne prennent leur sens que dans le cadre de la situation d'énonciation.
<list rend="bulleted">
 <head>déictiques</head>
 <item>ici</item>
 <item>hier</item>
 <item>là</item>
 <item>je</item>
 <item>tu</item>
 <item>nous</item>
 <item>vous</item>
 <item/>
</list>

<head>

除了少數特例，連接詞均用於所有論述，例如描述、記敘、闡述、論說。<list rend="bulleted">
 <head>連接詞</head>
 <item>上述的</item>
 <item>因此</item>
 <item>在…的對面</item>
 <item>比鄰於</item>
 <item>再次</item>
 <item>
<!-- ... -->
 </item>
</list>

<head>

With a few exceptions, connectives are equally
useful in all kinds of discourse: description, narration, exposition, argument. <list rend="bulleted">
 <head>Connectives</head>
 <item>above</item>
 <item>accordingly</item>
 <item>across from</item>
 <item>adjacent to</item>
 <item>again</item>
 <item>
<!-- ... -->
 </item>
</list>

<head>

With a few exceptions, connectives are equally
useful in all kinds of discourse: description, narration, exposition, argument. <list rend="bulleted">
 <head>Connectives</head>
 <item>above</item>
 <item>accordingly</item>
 <item>across from</item>
 <item>adjacent to</item>
 <item>again</item>
 <item>
<!-- ... -->
 </item>
</list>

<headLabel>

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<headLabel>

Parlez-vous
anglosnob? Liste de quelques mots franglais et des propositions pour les remplacer : <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">Ne dites pas</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">Mais dites...</headItem>
 <label>abstract </label>
 <item> résumé, abrégé </item>
 <label>baby-boom </label>
 <item>printemps démographique </item>
 <label>carjacking </label>
 <item>dévoituration (comme défenestration), dévoiturage(comme cambriolage, braquage) </item>
 <label>bug </label>
 <item>erreur, défaut, insecte, ("bogue" est inutile) </item>
 <label>mixer</label>
 <item>mélanger (sauf si c'est avec un mixeur)</item>
</list>

<headItem>

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<headItem>

Parlez-vous
anglosnob? Liste de quelques mots franglais et des propositions pour les remplacer : : <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">Ne dites pas</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">Mais dites...</headItem>
 <label>abstract </label>
 <item> résumé, abrégé </item>
 <label>baby-boom </label>
 <item>printemps démographique </item>
 <label>carjacking </label>
 <item>dévoituration (comme défenestration), dévoiturage(comme cambriolage, braquage) </item>
 <label>bug </label>
 <item>erreur, défaut, insecte, ("bogue" est inutile) </item>
 <label>mixer</label>
 <item>mélanger (sauf si c'est avec un mixeur)</item>
</list>

<headItem>

經過五四運動，中國文學自文言文發展為白話文。 <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">文言文</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">白話文</headItem>
 <label>汝</label>
 <item> 你</item>
 <label>吾</label>
 <item>我</item>
 <label>彼</label>
 <item>他</item>
 <label>爾輩</label>
 <item>你們</item>
 <label>吾等</label>
 <item>我們</item>
</list>

3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

<div type="index">
<!--...-->
 <list type="index">
  <item>Women, how cause of mel. <ref>193</ref>; their vanity in
     apparell taxed, <ref>527</ref>; their counterfeit tears
  <ref>547</ref>; their vices <ref>601</ref>, commended,
  <ref>624</ref>.</item>
  <item>Wormwood, good against mel. <ref>443</ref>
  </item>
  <item>World taxed, <ref>181</ref>
  </item>
  <item>Writers of the cure of mel. 295</item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
</div>

3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

<item>Women,
<list>
  <item>how cause of mel. <ref>193</ref>;</item>
  <item>their vanity in apparell taxed, <ref>527</ref>;</item>
  <item>their counterfeit tears <ref>547</ref>;</item>
  <item>their vices
  <list>
    <item>
     <ref>601</ref>,</item>
    <item> commended, <ref>624</ref>.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</item>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Ninth International Conference on Middle High German Textual Criticism, Aachen,
   June 1998.</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>List of Participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Colloque international : Duras, marges et transgressions, Nancy, 1er et 2 avril
   2005</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>liste des participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>2007第三屆亞太藝術教育國際研討會</meeting>
 <list type="參與者">
  <head>與會者名單</head>
  <item>
   <persName>馬桂順 </persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>仲瀨律久</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<speaker>

<sp who="#ni #rsa">
 <speaker>Nancy and Robert</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">(speaking simultaneously)</stage>
 <p>The future? ...</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="ni"/>
 <item xml:id="rsa"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p>Ne risquez rien du tout, Monique ; rentrez.</p>
</sp>
<sp who="mo">
 <speaker>Monique.</speaker>
 <p>Rentrer ? comment voulez-vous que je rentre ? J'ai les clés de la voiture.</p>
</sp>
<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p> Je rentrerai par mes propres moyens. </p>
</sp>
<sp who="mo">
 <speaker>Monique.</speaker>
 <p> Vous ? vos moyens ? quels moyens ? Seigneur ! Vous ne savez même pas conduire, vous ne
   savez pas reconnaître votre gauche de votre droite, vous auriez été incapable de
   retrouver ce fichu quartier tout seul, vous ne savez absolument rien faire tout seul. Je
   me demande bien comment vous pourriez rentrer. </p>
</sp>
<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p>J'appellerai un taxi.</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="fr_mo"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_ko"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="#zh-tw_ni #zh-tw_rsa">
 <speaker>梁山伯與祝英台t</speaker>
 <stage type="演講或歌唱">（同時)</stage>
 <p>梁山伯與祝英台，生不成雙死不分，生不成雙死不分。</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_ni"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_rsa"/>
</list>

4. Default Text Structure

<div5>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Apple soup</head>
   <div5>
    <head>Ingredients</head>
    <list>
     <item>2 lbs. of good boiling apples,</item>
     <item>3/4 teaspoonful of white pepper,</item>
     <item>6 cloves,</item>
     <item>cayenne or ginger to taste,</item>
     <item>3 quarts of medium stock</item>
    </list>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Mode</head>
    <p>Peel and quarter the apples taking out their cores; put them into
         the stock, stew them gently till tender, Rub the whole through a
         strainer, add the seasoning. give it one boil up, and serve.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Time</head>
    <p>1 hour.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Average cost</head>
    <p>per quart, 1s.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Seasonable</head>
    <p>from September to December.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Sufficient</head>
    <p> for 10 persons</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>The apple</head>
    <p>This useful fruit is mentioned in Holy Writ; and Homer describes it
         as valuable in his time... As a food, the apple cannot be considered
         to rank high, as more than the half of it consists of water, and
         the rest of its properties are not the most nourishing. It is
         however a useful adjunct to other kinds of food, and, when cooked, is
         esteemed as slightly laxative.</p>
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Artichoke (Jerusalem) soup</head>
   <p>...</p>
  </div4>
<!-- other recipes here -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div6>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
    <div6>
     <head>Ingredients</head>
     <list>
      <item>4 lbs of shin of beef,</item>
      <item>4 lbs of knuckle of veal,</item>
<!-- ... -->
      <item>4 quarts of water</item>
     </list>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Mode</head>
     <p>Line a delicately clean stewpan... Strain through a very
           fine hair sieve, or tammy, and it will be fit for use</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Time</head>
     <p>5 hours.</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Average cost</head>
     <p>1s 3d. per quart</p>
    </div6>
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
<!-- ... -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div7>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div type="book" n="I">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the
   first book of the ecclesiastical history of Georgius Florentinus,
   known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div>
  <head>Chapter Headings</head>
  <list>
   <item>
<!-- chapter head -->
   </item>
<!-- further chapter heads omitted -->
  </list>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four
     hundred and twelve years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five
     hundred and ninety-six years from the beginning of the world down
     to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="chap" n="6">
 <argument>
  <list type="inline">
   <item>Kingston</item>
   <item>Instructive remarks on early English history</item>
   <item>Instructive observations on carved oak and life in
       general</item>
   <item>Sad case of Stivvings, junior</item>
   <item>Musings on antiquity</item>
   <item>I forget that I am steering</item>
   <item>Interesting result</item>
   <item>Hampton Court Maze</item>
   <item>Harris as a guide.</item>
  </list>
 </argument>
 <p>It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you
   care to take it ...</p>
</div>

<signed>

<closer>
 <signed>Sign'd and Seal'd,
 <list>
   <item>John Bull,</item>
   <item>Nic. Frog.</item>
  </list>
 </signed>
</closer>

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="dedication">
 <p>To my parents, Ida and Max Fish</p>
</div>
<div type="preface">
 <head>Preface</head>
 <p>The answer this book gives to its title question is <q>there is
     and there isn't</q>.</p>
 <p>Chapters 1–12 have been previously published in the
   following journals and collections:
 <list>
   <item>chapters 1 and 3 in <title>New literary History</title>
   </item>
   <item>chapter 10 in <title>Boundary II</title> (1980)</item>
  </list>.
   I am grateful for permission to reprint.</p>
 <signed>S.F.</signed>
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="contents">
 <head>Contents</head>
 <list>
  <item>Introduction, or How I stopped Worrying and Learned to Love
     Interpretation <ptr target="#fish1"/>
  </item>
  <item>
   <list>
    <head>Part One: Literature in the Reader</head>
    <item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
    <ptr target="#fish2"/>
    </item>
    <item n="2">What is Stylistics and Why Are They Saying Such
         Terrible Things About It? <ptr target="#fish3"/>
    </item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</div>
<div xml:id="fish1">
 <head>Introduction</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish2">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish3">
 <head>What is stylistics?</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<!-- ... --><item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
<ref target="#fish-p24">24</ref>
</item>
<!-- ... -->
<div type="chapter">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
 <pb xml:id="fish-p24"/>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<!-- ... -->

4.5. Front Matter

<front>
 <div1 type="incipit">
  <p>Here bygynniþ a book of contemplacyon, þe whiche
     is clepyd <title>þE CLOWDE OF VNKNOWYNG</title>,
     in þe whiche a soule is onyd wiþ GOD.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="prayer">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe preyer on þe prologe.</head>
  <p>God, unto whom alle hertes ben open, &amp; unto whome alle wille
     spekiþ, &amp; unto whom no priue þing is hid: I beseche
     þee so for to clense þe entent of myn hert wiþ þe
     unspekable 3ift of þi grace, þat I may parfiteliche
     loue þee &amp; worþilich preise þee. Amen.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="preface">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe prolog.</head>
  <p>In þe name of þe Fader &amp; of þe Sone &amp;
     of þe Holy Goost.</p>
  <p>I charge þee &amp; I beseeche þee, wiþ as moche
     power &amp; vertewe as þe bonde of charite is sufficient
     to suffre, what-so-euer þou be þat þis book schalt
     haue in possession ...</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="contents">
  <head>Here biginneþ a table of þe chapitres.</head>
  <list>
   <label>þe first chapitre </label>
   <item>Of foure degrees of Cristen mens leuing; &amp; of þe
       cours of his cleping þat þis book was maad vnto.</item>
   <label>þe secound chapitre</label>
   <item>A schort stering to meeknes &amp; to þe werk of þis
       book</item>
   <label>þe fiue and seuenti chapitre</label>
   <item>Of somme certein tokenes bi þe whiche a man may proue
       wheþer he be clepid of God to worche in þis werk.</item>
  </list>
  <trailer>&amp; here eendeþ þe table of þe chapitres.</trailer>
 </div1>
</front>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="index">
  <head>Index</head>
  <list type="index">
   <item>Actors, public, paid for the contempt attending
       their profession, <ref>263</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Africa, cause assigned for the barbarous state of
       the interior parts of that continent, <ref>125</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Agriculture
   <list type="indexentry">
     <item>ancient policy of Europe unfavourable to, <ref>371</ref>
     </item>
     <item>artificers necessary to carry it on, <ref>481</ref>
     </item>
     <item>cattle and tillage mutually improve each other, <ref>325</ref>
     </item>
     <item>wealth arising from more solid than that which proceeds
           from commerce <ref>520</ref>
     </item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref>461</ref>
   </item>
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

4.7. Back Matter

<item>Alehouses, the number of, not
the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref target="#P461">461</ref>
</item>
<item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ptr target="#P461"/>
</item>

<back>

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>The Golden Dream or, the Ingenuous Confession</head>
  <p>TO shew the Depravity of human Nature, and how apt the Mind is to be misled by Trinkets
     and false Appearances, Mrs. Two-Shoes does acknowledge, that after she became rich, she
     had like to have been, too fond of Money
<!-- .... -->
  </p>
 </div>
<!-- ... -->
 <div type="epistle">
  <head>A letter from the Printer, which he desires may be inserted</head>
  <salute>Sir.</salute>
  <p>I have done with your Copy, so you may return it to the Vatican, if you please;

<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>The Books usually read by the Scholars of Mrs Two-Shoes are these and are sold at Mr
     Newbery's at the Bible and Sun in St Paul's Church-yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">The Christmas Box, Price 1d.</item>
   <item n="2">The History of Giles Gingerbread, 1d.</item>
<!-- ... -->
   <item n="42">A Curious Collection of Travels, selected from the Writers of all Nations,
       10 Vol, Pr. bound 1l.</item>
  </list>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>By the KING's Royal Patent, Are sold by J. NEWBERY, at the Bible and Sun in St.
     Paul's Church-Yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">Dr. James's Powders for Fevers, the Small-Pox, Measles, Colds, &amp;c. 2s.
       6d</item>
   <item n="2">Dr. Hooper's Female Pills, 1s.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div1 type="appendix">
  <head>臺灣現代詩論戰史資料彙編</head>
  <p>現代詩論戰史第一階段</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="epistle">
  <head>白先勇致瘂弦洛夫</head>
  <salute>您好，</salute>
  <p>您的副本我已使用完畢，可以歸還了，麻煩您。</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>本論文提及的專書，可於台灣各大書店詢問訂購。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">陳芳明《詩與現實》，台北：洪範，1983。</item>
   <item n="2">洛夫《詩人之鏡》，台北：大業，1969。</item>
   <item n="42">廖炳惠《回顧現代》，台北：麥田，1994。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>
   <hi rend="center">詩集、詩選</hi>也可於網路書店購得。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">余光中《天狼星》，台北：洪範，1976。</item>
   <item n="2">席慕蓉著《無怨的青春》，台北，大地，1983。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
</back>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.7.2. Vertical Text with Embedded Horizontal Text

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="ja"
 style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: mixed">
 <label xml:lang="id">hampir</label>
 <item>「近い、ほとんど」</item>
 <label xml:lang="id">baru</label>
 <item>「新しい、ばかい」</item>
<!-- ... -->
</list>

5.7.2. Vertical Text with Embedded Horizontal Text

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="ja"
 style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: upright">
 <label xml:lang="id">hampir</label>
 <item>「近い、ほとんど」</item>
 <label xml:lang="id">baru</label>
 <item>「新しい、ばかい」</item>
<!-- ... -->
</list>

7. Performance Texts

<set>

<front>
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TEMPS</label>
   <item>1640</item>
   <label>LIEU</label>
   <item>La salle de l'Hôtel de Bourgogne</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

<set>

<front>
<!-- <>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>時間：</label>
   <item>2007</item>
   <label>地點：</label>
   <item>台北市中心</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

<set>

<front>
<!-- <titlePage>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TIME</label>
   <item>1907</item>
   <label>PLACE</label>
   <item>East Coast village in England</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<tagUsage gi="stage">This element is used for all stage directions,
editorial or authorial. The type attribute on this element takes
one or more of the following values:
<list type="gloss">
  <label>setting</label>
  <item>describes the set</item>
  <label>blocking</label>
  <item>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</item>
  <label>business</label>
  <item>describes movement other than blocking</item>
  <label>delivery</label>
  <item>describes how the line is said</item>
  <label>motivation</label>
  <item>describes character's emotional state or through line</item>
 </list>
</tagUsage>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

<u>

<u who="#spkr1">if did you set</u>
<u trans="latching" who="#spkr2">well Joe and I set it between us</u>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="spkr1"/>
 <item xml:id="spkr2"/>
</list>

<u>

<u who="#fr_spkr1">si tu te déplaçais</u>
<u trans="latching" who="#fr_spkr2">Joe et moi l'aurions mis entre nous</u>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="fr_spkr1"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_spkr2"/>
</list>

<u>

<u who="#zh-tw_spkr1">假如你真的決定</u>
<u trans="latching" who="#zh-tw_spkr2">...我和小文會在我們之間做個決定</u>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_spkr1"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_spkr2"/>
</list>

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.1.3. Collation

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-3:8, 4:6, 5-13:8</formula>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>There are now four gatherings, the first, second and fourth originally
   consisting of eight leaves, the third of seven. A fifth gathering thought to
   have followed has left no trace. <list>
   <item>Gathering I consists of 7 leaves, a first leaf, originally conjoint with
   <locus>fol. 7</locus>, having been cut away leaving only a narrow strip along
       the gutter; the others, <locus>fols 1</locus> and <locus>6</locus>,
   <locus>2</locus> and <locus>5</locus>, and <locus>3</locus> and
   <locus>4</locus>, are bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering II consists of 8 leaves, 4 bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering III consists of 7 leaves; <locus>fols 16</locus> and
   <locus>22</locus> are conjoint, the others singletons.</item>
   <item>Gathering IV consists of 2 leaves, a bifolium.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>I (1, 2+9, 3+8, 4+7, 5+6, 10); II (11, 12+17, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18,
   19).</p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8
     9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
 </p>
</collation>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniatures">
  <p>Fourteen large miniatures with arched tops, above five lines of text: <list>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 14r</locus>Pericopes. <term>St. John writing on Patmos</term>,
         with the Eagle holding his ink-pot and pen-case; some flaking of pigment,
         especially in the sky</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 26r</locus>Hours of the Virgin, Matins.
    <term>Annunciation</term>; Gabriel and the Dove to the right</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 60r</locus>Prime. <term>Nativity</term>; the <term>Virgin and
           Joseph adoring the Child</term>
    </item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 66r</locus>Terce. <term>Annunciation to the Shepherds</term>,
         one with <term>bagpipes</term>
    </item>
<!-- ... -->
   </list>
  </p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Spaces for initials and chapter headings were left by the scribe but not
   filled in. A later, probably fifteenth-century, hand has added initials and
   chapter headings in greenish-coloured ink on fols <locus>8r</locus>,
 <locus>8v</locus>, <locus>9r</locus>, <locus>10r</locus> and <locus>11r</locus>.
   Although a few of these chapter headings are now rather difficult to read, most
   can be made out, e.g. fol. <locus>8rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">floti ast<ex>ri</ex>d<ex>ar</ex>
  </quote>; fol.
 <locus>9rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">v<ex>m</ex> olaf conung</quote>, and fol.
 <locus>10ra</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">Gipti<ex>n</ex>g ol<ex>a</ex>fs
     k<ex>onun</ex>gs</quote>.</p>
 <p>The manuscript contains the following marginalia: <list>
   <item>Fol. <locus>4v</locus>, left margin: <quote xml:lang="is">hialmadr
    <ex>ok</ex>
     <lb/>brynjadr</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, imitating an addition made
       to the text by the scribe at this point.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>5r</locus>, lower margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þ<ex>e</ex>tta
         þiki m<ex>er</ex> v<ex>er</ex>a gott blek en<ex>n</ex>da kan<ex>n</ex> ek icki
         betr sia</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, probably the same as that on the
       previous page.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>9v</locus>, bottom margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þessa bok
         uilda eg <sic>gæt</sic> lært med
    <lb/>an Gud gefe myer Gott ad
    <lb/>læra</quote>; seventeenth-century hand.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
 <p>There are in addition a number of illegible scribbles in a later hand (or
   hands) on fols <locus>2r</locus>, <locus>3r</locus>, <locus>5v</locus> and
 <locus>19r</locus>.</p>
</additions>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<correction>
 <p>The following codes are used to categorize corrections identified in this
   transcription: <list type="gloss">
   <label>graphSubs</label>
   <item>Substitution of a more familiar word which resembles graphically
       what the scribe should be copying but which does not make sense in the
       context.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</correction>

16. Language Corpora

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<particDesc>
 <p>The chief speaking characters in this novel are
 <list>
   <item xml:id="EMWOO">
    <name>Emma Woodhouse</name>
   </item>
   <item xml:id="DARCY">
    <name>Mr Darcy</name>
   </item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</particDesc>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.2. Pointing Locally

<div type="section" xml:id="sect106">
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="section" n="107" xml:id="sect107">
 <head>Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use</head>
 <p>Notwithstanding the provisions of
 <ref target="#sect106">section 106</ref>, the fair use of a
   copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies
   or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section,
   for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting,
   teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use),
   scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.
   In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular
   case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall
   include — 
 <list rend="bulleted">
   <item n="(1)">the purpose and character of the use, including
       whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit
       educational purposes;</item>
   <item n="(2)">the nature of the copyrighted work;</item>
   <item n="(3)">the amount and substantiality of the portion
       used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole;
       and</item>
   <item n="(4)">the effect of the use upon the potential market
       for or value of the copyrighted work.</item>
  </list>
   The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a
   finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration
   of all the above factors.</p>
</div>

17.7. Aggregation

<list>
 <head>Authors</head>
 <item xml:id="a_uf">Figge, Udo </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ch">Heibach, Christiane </item>
 <item xml:id="a_gh">Heyer, Gerhard </item>
 <item xml:id="a_bp">Philipp, Bettina </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ms">Samiec, Monika </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ss">Schierholz, Stefan </item>
</list>
<join target="#a_ch #a_bp #a_ss"
 result="list">
 <desc>Authors from Heidelberg</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="fr_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="fr_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="fr_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as
borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="fr_LST1"
 target="#fr_LP1 #fr_LP2 #fr_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>台灣譯為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>艾蜜莉的異想世界</s>
  </item>
 </list> ；香港譯作<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>天使愛美麗</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<p>中國大陸則名為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>阿梅麗的奇妙命運</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="zh-tw_LST1"
 target="#zh-tw_LP1 #zh-tw_LP2 #zh-tw_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>電影Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain的中港台譯名</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="LST1"
 target="#LP1 #LP2 #LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.3. Attribution of Responsibility

Ernest went to old
<persName xml:id="CE-p5" rend="it">Saybrook</persName>.

<!-- ... -->
<respons target="#CE-p5" locus="value"
 resp="#RC"/>
<respons target="#CE-p5"
 locus="name location" resp="#PMWR"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="PMWR"/>
 <item xml:id="RC"/>
</list>

<respons>

<respons target="#p1" locus="name location"
 resp="#encoder1"/>
<respons target="#p2" match="@rend"
 locus="value" resp="#encoder2"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="encoder1"/>
 <item xml:id="encoder2"/>
</list>

<respons>

<respons target="#fr_p1"
 locus="name location" resp="#fr_encoder1"/>
<respons target="#fr_p2" locus="value"
 resp="#fr_encoder2"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="fr_encoder1"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_encoder2"/>
</list>

<respons>

<respons target="#zh-tw_p1"
 locus="name location" resp="#zh-tw_encoder1"/>
<respons target="#zh-tw_p2" match="@rend"
 locus="value" resp="#zh-tw_encoder2"/>
<list type="編碼員">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_編碼員1"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_編碼員2"/>
</list>

23. Documentation Elements

<egXML>

<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>
</egXML>

<div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<label>

<label> (label) contains any label or heading used to identify part of a text, typically but not exclusively in a list or glossary. [3.8. Lists]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.placement

@place

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.labelLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l lg list meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure notatedMusic

header: application change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage unitDef

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab listAnnotation seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: climate event location occupation org place population state terrain trait

nets: arc eLeaf eTree graph iNode leaf node root tree triangle

spoken: transcriptionDesc u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surface surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

Labels are commonly used for the headwords in glossary lists; note the use of the global xml:lang attribute to set the default language of the glossary list to Middle English, and identify the glosses and headings as modern English or Latin:

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

Labels may also be used to record explicitly the numbers or letters which mark list items in ordered lists, as in this extract from Gibbon's Autobiography. In this usage the label element is synonymous with the n attribute on the item element:

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred
in the composition of six, or at least of five quartos. <list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes, excepting those of the author and the
   printer: the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

Labels may also be used for other structured list items, as in this extract from the journal of Edward Gibbon:

<list type="gloss">
 <label>March 1757.</label>
 <item>I wrote some critical observations upon Plautus.</item>
 <label>March 8th.</label>
 <item>I wrote a long dissertation upon some lines of Virgil.</item>
 <label>June.</label>
 <item>I saw Mademoiselle Curchod — <quote xml:lang="la">Omnia vincit amor, et nos cedamus
     amori.</quote>
 </item>
 <label>August.</label>
 <item>I went to Crassy, and staid two days.</item>
</list>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Note that the label might also appear within the item rather than as its sibling. Though syntactically valid, this usage is not recommended TEI practice.

Example

Labels may also be used to represent a label or heading attached to a paragraph or sequence of paragraphs not treated as a structural division, or to a group of verse lines. Note that, in this case, the label element appears within the p or lg element, rather than as a preceding sibling of it.

<p>[...]
<lb/>&amp; n’entrer en mauuais &amp; mal-heu-
<lb/>ré meſnage. Or des que le conſente-
<lb/>ment des parties y eſt le mariage eſt
<lb/> arreſté, quoy que de faict il ne ſoit
<label place="margin">Puiſſance maritale
   entre les Romains.</label>
 <lb/> conſommé. Depuis la conſomma-
<lb/>tion du mariage la femme eſt ſoubs
<lb/> la puiſſance du mary, s’il n’eſt eſcla-
<lb/>ue ou enfant de famille : car en ce
<lb/> cas, la femme, qui a eſpouſé vn en-
<lb/>fant de famille, eſt ſous la puiſſance
[...]</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

In this example the text of the label appears in the right hand margin of the original source, next to the paragraph it describes, but approximately in the middle of it.

If so desired the type attribute may be used to distinguish different categories of label.

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element label
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <label> (label)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <label> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <label> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

7. Performance Texts

10. Dictionaries

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

2. The TEI Header

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>No quotation marks have been retained. Instead, the <att>rend</att> attribute on the
 <gi>q</gi> element is used to specify what kinds of quotation mark was used, according
   to the following list: <list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>double quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>single quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>long dash open, no close</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>double guillemets, open and close</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>Aucun guillemet n'a été conservé. Au lieu de cela, on a utilisé l'attribut
 <att>rend</att> pour l'élément <gi>q</gi> afin de spécifier quel type de guillemet a été
   utilisé, selon la liste suivante : <list type="gloss">
   <label>ga</label>
   <item>guillemet allemand</item>
   <label>gd</label>
   <item>guillemet anglais ou guillemet dactylographique </item>
   <label>gf</label>
   <item>guillemet français</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>不保留引號，改用元素<gi>q</gi>內的屬性<att>rend</att> 來區分引號的種類，種類如下：<list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>雙引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>單引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>破折號，僅前面一個</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>雙箭號，前後各一</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="keel" type="weight">
   <label>keel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 20" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 16" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Keel was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 20 chalders from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 16 chalders from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="chalder" type="weight">
   <label>chalder</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 32" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 36" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Chalder was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 32 bushels from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 36 bushels from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="bushel" type="weight">
   <label>bushel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <desc>Bushel was a unit measuring weight of coal.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="Celsius"
   type="temperature">
   <label>Celsius or Centigrade scale</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#Fahrenheit"
    toUnit="#Celsius" formula="($fromUnit - 32) * (5 div 9)"/>
   <desc>To convert from the Fahrenheit to the Celsius scale, subtract 32 from the Celsius temperature and multiply by 5/9.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<unitDef type="volume" xml:id="shunbul">
 <label xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</label>
 <label xml:lang="ar">شنبل</label>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1873"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.25"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile" when="1878"
  where="#acre #tripoli"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 3"
  from="1891" fromUnit="#shunbul" to="1910"
  toUnit="#kile" where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 2.5"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#kile_istanbul" when="1860"
  where="#aleppo"/>
 <conversion formula="$fromUnit * 72"
  fromUnit="#shunbul" toUnit="#madd" when="1893"
  where="#damascus"/>
 <desc xml:lang="en">The <foreign xml:lang="ar-Latn-x-ijmes">shunbul</foreign> was the main unit to measure grain in the Northern parts of Greater Syria.</desc>
</unitDef>

<unitDecl>

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="斤" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">斤</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">kin</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#両" toUnit="#斤"
   formula="16"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="両" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">両</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">ryo</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#分" toUnit="#両"
   formula="4"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="分" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">分</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">Bu</label>
  <conversion fromUnit="#銖" toUnit="#分"
   formula="6"/>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="銖" type="weight">
  <label xml:lang="ja">銖</label>
  <label xml:lang="ja-Latn">Shu</label>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

<unitDef>

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="pechys" type="length">
  <label>πῆχυς</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <conversion fromUnit="#daktylos"
   toUnit="#pechys" formula="$fromUnit div 24"/>
  <desc>Equivalent to a cubit or 24 daktyloi.</desc>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="daktylos" type="length">
  <label>δάκτυλος</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <desc>A basic unit of length equivalent to one finger (or the size of a thumb) in ancient Greece.</desc>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="stadium" type="linear">
   <label>stadium</label>
   <placeName ref="#rome"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#pes"
    toUnit="#stadium" formula="$fromUnit * 625"/>
   <desc>The stadium was a Roman unit of linear measurement equivalent to 625 pedes, or Roman feet.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="wmw" type="power">
   <label>whatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#hpk"
    toUnit="#wmw" formula="$fromUnit * 1"/>
   <desc>In the Potrzebie system of measures as introduced by Donald Knuth, the whatmeworry unit of power is equivalent to one hah per kovac.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="kwmw" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#wmw"
    toUnit="#kwmw" formula="$fromUnit div 1000"/>
   <desc>The kilowhatmeworry is equivalent to 1000 whatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="ap" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#kwmw"
    toUnit="#ap" formula="$fromUnit div 100"/>
   <desc>One unit of aeolipower (A.P.) is equivalent to 100 kilowhatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.3.11. The Application Information Element

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>Image Markup Tool</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<appInfo>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.24" ident="Xaira">
  <label>XAIRA Indexer</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool1" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>Image Markup Tool</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.24" ident="Xaira">
  <label>XAIRA Indexer</label>
  <ptr target="#fr_HD"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

<application>

<appInfo>
 <application version="1.5"
  ident="ImageMarkupTool1" notAfter="2006-06-01">
  <label>影像標記工具</label>
  <ptr target="#P1"/>
  <ptr target="#P2"/>
 </application>
</appInfo>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>You think you’ve lost your love </l>
 <l>Well, I saw her yesterday </l>
 <l>It’s you she's thinking of </l>
 <l>And she told me what to say</l>
</lg>
<lg xml:id="chorus">
 <label>[Refrain]</label>
 <l>She says she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know that can’t be bad </l>
 <l>Yes, she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know you should be glad</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>She said you hurt her so </l>
 <l>She almost lost her mind </l>
 <l>But now she said she knows </l>
 <l>You’re not the hurting kind</l>
</lg>
<ellipsis>
 <metamark>******</metamark>
 <supplied copyOf="#chorus"/>
</ellipsis>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<div n="2">
 <list type="gloss">
  <label>Age</label>
  <item>Unimportant</item>
  <label>Head</label>
  <item>Small and round</item>
  <label>Eyes</label>
  <item>Green</item>
  <label>Complexion</label>
  <item>White</item>
  <label>Hair</label>
  <item>yellow</item>
  <label>Features</label>
  <item>Mobile</item>
  <label>Neck</label>
  <item>
   <measure>13¾"</measure>
  </item>
  <label>Upper arm</label>
  <item>
   <measure>11"</measure>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> pounds of flesh
</measure>
<measure type="currency">£10-11-6d</measure>
<measure type="area" unitRef="#merk">2 <unit>merks</unit> of old extent</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="merk" type="area">
   <label>merk</label>
   <placeName ref="#Scotland"/>
   <desc>A merk was an area of land determined variably by its agricultural
       productivity.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>3</num>
 <unit unitRef="#ell">ells</unit>
</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="ell">
   <label>ell</label>
   <placeName ref="#iceland"/>
   <desc>A unit of measure for cloth, roughly equivalent to 18 inches, or from an adult male’s elbow to the tip of the middle finger.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

3.8. Lists

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in
the composition of six, or even five quartos.
<list rend="inline numbered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any
   intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2)</label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human
   eyes, excepting those of the author and the printer:
   the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Report of the conduct and progress of Ernest Pontifex.
   Upper Vth form — half term ending Midsummer 1851</head>
 <label>Classics</label>
 <item>Idle listless and unimproving</item>
 <label>Mathematics</label>
 <item>ditto</item>
 <label>Divinity</label>
 <item>ditto</item>
 <label>Conduct in house</label>
 <item>Orderly</item>
 <label>General conduct</label>
 <item>Not satisfactory, on account of his great
   unpunctuality and inattention to duties</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um </label>
 <item>bitter, harsh</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </label>
 <item>field</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">audiō, īre,
   īvī, ītus </label>
 <item>hear, listen (to)</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </label>
 <item>war</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um </label>
 <item>good</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>bitter, harsh</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>field</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>hear, listen (to)</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>war</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>good</gloss>
 </item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

The simple, straightforward statement of an idea is
preferable to the use of a worn-out expression.
<list type="gloss">
 <headLabel>TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem>SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet </label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends </label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms </label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square </label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door </label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <label>EVIL</label>
 <item>
  <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>I am cast upon a horrible desolate island, void
       of all hope of recovery.</item>
   <item>I am singled out and separated as it were from
       all the world to be miserable.</item>
   <item>I am divided from mankind — a solitaire; one
       banished from human society.</item>
  </list>
 </item>
 <label>GOOD</label>
 <item>
  <list rend="bulleted">
   <item>But I am alive; and not drowned, as all my
       ship's company were.</item>
   <item>But I am singled out, too, from all the ship's
       crew, to be spared from death...</item>
   <item>But I am not starved, and perishing on a barren place,
       affording no sustenances....</item>
  </list>
 </item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="fro">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulaire</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="fr">Ancien français</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="fr">Français moderne</headItem>
 <label>amerté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">amertume</item>
 <label>barquer</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire une barque</item>
 <label>biberon</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">goulot d'un vase.</item>
 <label>bugle</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">jeune boeuf</item>
 <label>cestui</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">celui-ci</item>
 <label>chaitiveté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">captivité</item>
 <label>duire</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire</item>
 <label>dangier</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">puissance, pouvoir</item>
 <label>sangler</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">singularis</item>
 <label>vespre </label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">tombée du jour (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Lexique de Godefroy</ref>
   <quote>de hautes vespres : tard dans la soirée.</quote>
  </cit>)</item>
</list>

<label>

L’unité mixte de
recherche ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française) propose 3 types
de ressources : <list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>Des ressources linguistiques publiées.</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>Des ressources linguistiques informatisées.</item>
 <label>(3) </label>
 <item>Des ressources linguistiques logicielles.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>1er janvier..</label>
 <item> L'esprit inquiet mais clairvoyant, c'est-à-dire actif et sain, de l'homme qui ne
   travaille pas.</item>
 <label>7 janvier. </label>
 <item>On parle de Syveton. Elle aussi se rappelle avoir été, petite fille, poursuivie par
   un homme tout décolleté du bas et qu'on appelait l'homme au nez rouge. </item>
 <label>9 janvier. </label>
 <item>Jaurès dit que Syveton n'avait aucun intérêt à se tuer mais, à y regarder de près,
   oui, en cherchant bien, on trouve que nous avons tous un intérêt quelconque à nous tuer. </item>
 <label>13 janvier. </label>
 <item>Dans mon coeur froid, quelques rares jolis sentiments, comme des oiseaux aux petites
   pattes sur de la neige.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="zh">
 <head xml:lang="zh">字彙</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="zh-CN">簡體中文</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="zh-TW">繁體中文</headItem>
 <label>尘</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">塵</item>
 <label>业</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">業</item>
 <label>处</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">處</item>
 <label>个</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">個</item>
 <label>与</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">與</item>
 <label>军队</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">軍隊</item>
 <label>疏远</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">疏遠</item>
 <label>后汉</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">後漢<cit>
   <ref>出師表</ref>
   <quote>亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是<term>后汉</term>所以倾覆衰败的原因</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>叹息</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">嘆息</item>
 <label>认为</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">認為</item>
 <label>诚实</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">誠實</item>
 <label>获得</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">獲得</item>
</list>

<label>

有關本書的版權問題，我做出以下兩點聲明。<list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>未經授權許可，請勿擅自複印。</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>歡迎學術引用本文，然請詳細標明出處。</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>一</label>
 <item>今天晚上，很好的月光。 我不見他，已是三十多年；今天見了，精神分外爽快。...</item>
 <label>二</label>
 <item>今天全沒月光，我知道不妙。早上小心出門，趙貴翁的眼色便怪：似乎怕我，似乎想害我。還有七八個人，交頭接耳的議論我，...</item>
 <label>三</label>
 <item>...我翻開歷史一查，這歷史沒有年代，歪歪斜斜的每葉上都寫著“仁義道德”几個字。我橫豎睡不著，仔細看了半夜，才從字縫里看出字來，滿本都寫著兩個字是<q xml:lang="och">喫人</q>！書上寫著這許多字，佃戶說了這許多話，卻都笑吟吟的睜著怪眼看我。我也是人，他們想要吃我了！ </item>
 <label>六</label>
 <item>黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。趙家的狗又叫起來了。 獅子似的凶心，兔子的怯弱，狐狸的狡猾，…… </item>
</list>

<label>

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred
in the composition of six, or at least of five quartos. <list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes, excepting those of the author and the
   printer: the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

<label>

I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred
in the composition of six, or at least of five quartos. <list rend="runon" type="ordered">
 <label>(1)</label>
 <item>My first rough manuscript, without any intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.</item>
 <label>(2) </label>
 <item>Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes, excepting those of the author and the
   printer: the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>March 1757.</label>
 <item>I wrote some critical observations upon Plautus.</item>
 <label>March 8th.</label>
 <item>I wrote a long dissertation upon some lines of Virgil.</item>
 <label>June.</label>
 <item>I saw Mademoiselle Curchod — <quote xml:lang="la">Omnia vincit amor, et nos cedamus
     amori.</quote>
 </item>
 <label>August.</label>
 <item>I went to Crassy, and staid two days.</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss">
 <label>March 1757.</label>
 <item>I wrote some critical observations upon Plautus.</item>
 <label>March 8th.</label>
 <item>I wrote a long dissertation upon some lines of Virgil.</item>
 <label>June.</label>
 <item>I saw Mademoiselle Curchod — <quote xml:lang="la">Omnia vincit amor, et nos cedamus
     amori.</quote>
 </item>
 <label>August.</label>
 <item>I went to Crassy, and staid two days.</item>
</list>

<label>

<p>[...]
<lb/>&amp; n’entrer en mauuais &amp; mal-heu-
<lb/>ré meſnage. Or des que le conſente-
<lb/>ment des parties y eſt le mariage eſt
<lb/> arreſté, quoy que de faict il ne ſoit
<label place="margin">Puiſſance maritale
   entre les Romains.</label>
 <lb/> conſommé. Depuis la conſomma-
<lb/>tion du mariage la femme eſt ſoubs
<lb/> la puiſſance du mary, s’il n’eſt eſcla-
<lb/>ue ou enfant de famille : car en ce
<lb/> cas, la femme, qui a eſpouſé vn en-
<lb/>fant de famille, eſt ſous la puiſſance
[...]</p>

<label>

<p>[...]
<lb/>&amp; n’entrer en mauuais &amp; mal-heu-
<lb/>ré meſnage. Or des que le conſente-
<lb/>ment des parties y eſt le mariage eſt
<lb/> arreſté, quoy que de faict il ne ſoit
<label place="margin">Puiſſance maritale
   entre les Romains.</label>
 <lb/> conſommé. Depuis la conſomma-
<lb/>tion du mariage la femme eſt ſoubs
<lb/> la puiſſance du mary, s’il n’eſt eſcla-
<lb/>ue ou enfant de famille : car en ce
<lb/> cas, la femme, qui a eſpouſé vn en-
<lb/>fant de famille, eſt ſous la puiſſance
[...]</p>

<headLabel>

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<headLabel>

Parlez-vous
anglosnob? Liste de quelques mots franglais et des propositions pour les remplacer : <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">Ne dites pas</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">Mais dites...</headItem>
 <label>abstract </label>
 <item> résumé, abrégé </item>
 <label>baby-boom </label>
 <item>printemps démographique </item>
 <label>carjacking </label>
 <item>dévoituration (comme défenestration), dévoiturage(comme cambriolage, braquage) </item>
 <label>bug </label>
 <item>erreur, défaut, insecte, ("bogue" est inutile) </item>
 <label>mixer</label>
 <item>mélanger (sauf si c'est avec un mixeur)</item>
</list>

<headItem>

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<headItem>

Parlez-vous
anglosnob? Liste de quelques mots franglais et des propositions pour les remplacer : : <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">Ne dites pas</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">Mais dites...</headItem>
 <label>abstract </label>
 <item> résumé, abrégé </item>
 <label>baby-boom </label>
 <item>printemps démographique </item>
 <label>carjacking </label>
 <item>dévoituration (comme défenestration), dévoiturage(comme cambriolage, braquage) </item>
 <label>bug </label>
 <item>erreur, défaut, insecte, ("bogue" est inutile) </item>
 <label>mixer</label>
 <item>mélanger (sauf si c'est avec un mixeur)</item>
</list>

<headItem>

經過五四運動，中國文學自文言文發展為白話文。 <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">文言文</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">白話文</headItem>
 <label>汝</label>
 <item> 你</item>
 <label>吾</label>
 <item>我</item>
 <label>彼</label>
 <item>他</item>
 <label>爾輩</label>
 <item>你們</item>
 <label>吾等</label>
 <item>我們</item>
</list>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<lg>
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
 <label place="margin">The spell begins to break</label>
</lg>

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1942">Printemps 1942 </date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Cher ami, </salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Le printemps vient maintenant. J'espère que là où tu es le climat à cette saison n'est
   pas encore pénible. C'est le moment des travaux des champs ; peut-être arrivera-t-on à
   quelque chose pour toi. S'il n'y a pas moyen de te faire venir en France, faut-il faire
   des démarches pour essayer de te faire quitter l'Europe ? Écris-le-moi. </p>
 <p>[...] </p>
 <closer>
  <salute> Crois à mon amitié fraternelle. </salute>
  <signed>Simone Weil </signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>Voici la traduction de quelques vers grecs d'Eschyle. Ils sont prononcés par
     Prométhée, le dieu qui, d'après les croyances des Grecs, avait sauvé les hommes de la
     destruction, avait volé le feu pour le leur donner et leur avait appris le langage, le
     nombre, l'astronomie, les métiers et les arts. Il en fut puni et fut cloué sur un
     rocher. La tragédie d'Eschyle commence par la scène où on le cloue ; il se tait
     pendant ce temps, puis, quand ses bourreaux sont partis, il dit : [...]</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<front>
 <div1 type="incipit">
  <p>Here bygynniþ a book of contemplacyon, þe whiche
     is clepyd <title>þE CLOWDE OF VNKNOWYNG</title>,
     in þe whiche a soule is onyd wiþ GOD.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="prayer">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe preyer on þe prologe.</head>
  <p>God, unto whom alle hertes ben open, &amp; unto whome alle wille
     spekiþ, &amp; unto whom no priue þing is hid: I beseche
     þee so for to clense þe entent of myn hert wiþ þe
     unspekable 3ift of þi grace, þat I may parfiteliche
     loue þee &amp; worþilich preise þee. Amen.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="preface">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe prolog.</head>
  <p>In þe name of þe Fader &amp; of þe Sone &amp;
     of þe Holy Goost.</p>
  <p>I charge þee &amp; I beseeche þee, wiþ as moche
     power &amp; vertewe as þe bonde of charite is sufficient
     to suffre, what-so-euer þou be þat þis book schalt
     haue in possession ...</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="contents">
  <head>Here biginneþ a table of þe chapitres.</head>
  <list>
   <label>þe first chapitre </label>
   <item>Of foure degrees of Cristen mens leuing; &amp; of þe
       cours of his cleping þat þis book was maad vnto.</item>
   <label>þe secound chapitre</label>
   <item>A schort stering to meeknes &amp; to þe werk of þis
       book</item>
   <label>þe fiue and seuenti chapitre</label>
   <item>Of somme certein tokenes bi þe whiche a man may proue
       wheþer he be clepid of God to worche in þis werk.</item>
  </list>
  <trailer>&amp; here eendeþ þe table of þe chapitres.</trailer>
 </div1>
</front>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.7.2. Vertical Text with Embedded Horizontal Text

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="ja"
 style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: mixed">
 <label xml:lang="id">hampir</label>
 <item>「近い、ほとんど」</item>
 <label xml:lang="id">baru</label>
 <item>「新しい、ばかい」</item>
<!-- ... -->
</list>

5.7.2. Vertical Text with Embedded Horizontal Text

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="ja"
 style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: upright">
 <label xml:lang="id">hampir</label>
 <item>「近い、ほとんど」</item>
 <label xml:lang="id">baru</label>
 <item>「新しい、ばかい」</item>
<!-- ... -->
</list>

7. Performance Texts

<set>

<front>
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TEMPS</label>
   <item>1640</item>
   <label>LIEU</label>
   <item>La salle de l'Hôtel de Bourgogne</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

<set>

<front>
<!-- <>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>時間：</label>
   <item>2007</item>
   <label>地點：</label>
   <item>台北市中心</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

<set>

<front>
<!-- <titlePage>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TIME</label>
   <item>1907</item>
   <label>PLACE</label>
   <item>East Coast village in England</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<tagUsage gi="stage">This element is used for all stage directions,
editorial or authorial. The type attribute on this element takes
one or more of the following values:
<list type="gloss">
  <label>setting</label>
  <item>describes the set</item>
  <label>blocking</label>
  <item>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</item>
  <label>business</label>
  <item>describes movement other than blocking</item>
  <label>delivery</label>
  <item>describes how the line is said</item>
  <label>motivation</label>
  <item>describes character's emotional state or through line</item>
 </list>
</tagUsage>

10. Dictionaries

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<correction>
 <p>The following codes are used to categorize corrections identified in this
   transcription: <list type="gloss">
   <label>graphSubs</label>
   <item>Substitution of a more familiar word which resembles graphically
       what the scribe should be copying but which does not make sense in the
       context.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</correction>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<event xml:id="eMBB" from="1955-12-01"
 to="1956-12-20">
 <label>Montgomery Bus Boycott</label>
 <desc>A political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of
   the city of <placeName ref="#MONT">Montgomery</placeName>.</desc>
</event>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<trait type="ethnicity" key="alb">
 <label>Ethnicity</label>
 <desc>Ethnic Albanian.</desc>
</trait>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<trait type="physical">
 <label>eye colour</label>
 <desc>blue</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
 <label>hair colour</label>
 <desc>brown</desc>
</trait>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<state type="nationality"
 notBefore="2002-01-15">
 <label>Nationality</label>
 <desc>American citizen from 15 January 2002.</desc>
</state>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="greece">
 <placeName>Greece</placeName>
 <climate>
  <desc>Greece's climate is divided into three well defined classes:</desc>
  <climate>
   <label>Mediterranean</label>
   <desc>It features mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures rarely reach extremes, although snowfalls
       do occur occasionally even in <placeName>Athens</placeName>, <placeName>Cyclades</placeName> or
   <placeName>Crete</placeName> during the winter.</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Alpine</label>
   <desc>It is found primarily in <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Greece</placeName>
       (<placeName>Epirus</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> Greece</placeName>,
   <placeName>Thessaly</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as well as
       central parts of <placeName>Peloponnesus</placeName> like <placeName>Achaea</placeName>,
   <placeName>Arcadia</placeName> and parts of <placeName>Laconia</placeName> where the Alpine range pass
       by)</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Temperate</label>
   <desc>It is found in <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> and <offset>Eastern</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as
       well as in <placeName>Thrace</placeName> at places like <placeName>Komotini</placeName>,
   <placeName>Xanthi</placeName> and <placeName>
     <offset>northern</offset> Evros</placeName>. It features cold,
       damp winters and hot, dry summers.</desc>
  </climate>
 </climate>
</place>

<event>

<person>
 <event type="mat" when="1972-10-12">
  <label>matriculation</label>
 </event>
 <event type="grad" when="1975-06-23">
  <label>graduation</label>
 </event>
</person>

<event>

<person>
 <event type="mat" when="1972-10-12">
  <label>inscription</label>
 </event>
 <event type="grad" when="1975-06-23">
  <label>diplômé</label>
 </event>
</person>

<event>

<person>
 <event type="mat" when="1972-10-12">
  <label>入學</label>
 </event>
 <event type="grad" when="1975-06-23">
  <label>畢業</label>
 </event>
</person>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<listEvent>

<listEvent>
 <head>Battles of the American Civil War: Kentucky</head>
 <event xml:id="event01" when="1861-09-19">
  <label>Barbourville</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Barbourville was one of the early engagements of
     the American Civil War. It occurred September 19, 1861, in Knox
     County, Kentucky during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate
     Offensive. The battle is considered the first Confederate victory in
     the commonwealth, and threw a scare into Federal commanders, who
     rushed troops to central Kentucky in an effort to repel the invasion,
     which was finally thwarted at the <ref target="#event02">Battle of
       Camp Wildcat</ref> in October.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event02" when="1861-10-21">
  <label>Camp Wild Cat</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Camp Wildcat (also known as Wildcat Mountain and Camp
     Wild Cat) was one of the early engagements of the American Civil
     War. It occurred October 21, 1861, in northern Laurel County, Kentucky
     during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate Offensive. The
     battle is considered one of the very first Union victories, and marked
     the first engagement of troops in the commonwealth of Kentucky.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event03" from="1864-06-11"
  to="1864-06-12">
  <label>Cynthiana</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Cynthiana (or Kellar’s Bridge) was an engagement
     during the American Civil War that was fought on June 11 and 12, 1864,
     in Harrison County, Kentucky, near the town of Cynthiana. A part of
     Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan's 1864 Raid into
     Kentucky, the battle resulted in a victory by Union forces over the
     raiders and saved the town from capture.</desc>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<state>

<state ref="#SCHOL" type="status">
 <label>scholar</label>
</state>

<state>

<state cert="high" type="social"
 from="1987-01-01" to="1997-12-31">
 <label>Citoyenneté</label>
 <desc>Entre 1987 et 1997a bénéficié du statut de citoyen naturalisé du ROYAUME-UNI</desc>
</state>

<state>

<state ref="#zh-tw_SCHOL" type="status">
 <label>學者</label>
</state>

<trait>

<trait type="physical">
 <label>眼珠顏色</label>
 <desc>藍色</desc>
</trait>

<trait>

<trait type="physical">
 <label>Couleur des yeux</label>
 <desc>bleu</desc>
</trait>

<trait>

<trait type="physical">
 <label>Eye colour</label>
 <desc>Blue</desc>
</trait>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
 <listEvent>
  <event when="1713"
   ref="https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832/2">
   <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
<!-- The following example presupposes that the editors of the TEI document decided to understand legislation or a treaty as an <gi>event</gi>, which itself may be considered a shortcut for several events that led up to the existence or validity of the law or treaty (e.g. the signing of a treaty could also be modeled as an event, and the result on paper could be encoded as an <gi>object</gi> or <gi>bibl</gi>). -->
   <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay Company</orgName> territories in
   <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>, <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and
       recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
       North American possessions, including
   <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName>
       (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward Island</placeName>)...</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
   <label>Quebec Act</label>
   <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith and restored use of the
       French Civil Code for private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been expanded in territory
       following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
   <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
   <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty
       between the newly formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this case, the
   <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG1"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX" to="#LVG"/>
 <arc from="#LAX" to="#PHX"/>
 <arc from="#LVG" to="#PHX"/>
 <arc from="#PHX" to="#TUS"/>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG2"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX2" degree="2"
  adj="#LVG2 #PHX2">
  <label>LAX2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG2" degree="2"
  adj="#LAX2 #PHX2">
  <label>LVG2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX2" degree="3"
  adj="#LAX2 #LVG2 #TUS2">
  <label>PHX2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS2" degree="1" adj="#PHX2">
  <label>TUS2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB2" degree="0">
  <label>CIB2</label>
 </node>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG3"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX3" degree="2"
  adj="#LVG3 #PHX3">
  <label>LAX3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG3" degree="2" adj="#PHX3">
  <label>LVG3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX3" degree="3" adj="#TUS3">
  <label>PHX3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS3" degree="1">
  <label>TUS3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB3" degree="0">
  <label>CIB3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG1"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>LAX4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>LVG4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX4" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>PHX4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>TUS4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB4" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="0">
  <label>CIB4</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX4" to="#LVG4"/>
 <arc from="#LVG4" to="#PHX4"/>
 <arc from="#PHX4" to="#LAX4"/>
 <arc from="#PHX4" to="#TUS4"/>
 <arc from="#TUS4" to="#PHX4"/>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG2"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjTo="#LVG5" adjFrom="#PHX5">
  <label>LAX5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjFrom="#LAX5" adjTo="#PHX5">
  <label>LVG5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX5" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2" adjTo="#LAX5 #TUS" adjFrom="#LVG5 #TUS5">
  <label>PHX5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjTo="#PHX5" adjFrom="#PHX5">
  <label>TUS5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB5" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="0">
  <label>CIB5</label>
 </node>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG3"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX6">
  <label>LAX6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG6">
  <label>LVG6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX6">
  <label>PHX6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS6">
  <label>TUS6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB6">
  <label>CIB6</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX6" to="#LVG6">
  <label>SW117</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#LVG6" to="#PHX6">
  <label>SW711</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PHX6" to="#LAX6">
  <label>AA218</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PHX6" to="#TUS6">
  <label>AW229</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#TUS6" to="#PHX6">
  <label>AW225</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="cug1" type="undirected"
 order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#lax" to="#lvg"/>
 <arc from="#lax" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#lvg" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#phx" to="#tus"/>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="fr_cug1" type="undirected"
 order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>Inter-connexions des compagnies aériennes dans le Sud-Ouest des Etats-Unis.</label>
 <node xml:id="fr_lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#fr_lax" to="#lvg"/>
 <arc from="#fr_lax" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#fr_lvg" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#fr_phx" to="#tus"/>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="zh-tw_cug1"
 type="undirected" order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>美國西南部航空站</label>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lax" to="#zh-tw_lvg"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lax" to="#zh-tw_phx"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lvg" to="#zh-tw_phx"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_phx" to="#zh-tw_tus"/>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex11" adjTo="#gnex12"
  adj="#gnex13" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex12" adjFrom="#gnex11"
  adjTo="#gnex13">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex13" adjFrom="#gnex12"
  adj="#gnex11" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex21" adjTo="#gnex22"
  adj="#gnex23" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex22" adjTo="#gnex23">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex23" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex31" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex32" adjFrom="#gnex31">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex33" adjFrom="#gnex32"
  adj="#gnex31" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex41"
  adj="#gnex42 #gnex43" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex42"
  adj="#gnex41 #gnex43">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex43"
  adj="#gnex42 #gnex41" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex51" adjTo="#gnex52"
  adj="#gnex53" inDegree="1" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex52" adjFrom="#gnex51"
  adjTo="#gnex53" inDegree="2">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex53" adjFrom="#gnex52"
  adj="#gnex51" inDegree="2" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex61" adjTo="#gnex62"
  adj="#gnex63" outDegree="2" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex62" adjFrom="#gnex61"
  adjTo="#gnex63" outDegree="1">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex63" adjFrom="#gnex62"
  adj="#gnex61" outDegree="2" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex71" adjTo="#gnex72"
  adj="#gnex73" outDegree="1" inDegree="0" degree="1"
  type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex72" adjFrom="#gnex71"
  adjTo="#gnex73" outDegree="1" inDegree="1" degree="0">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex73" adjFrom="#gnex72"
  adj="#gnex71" outDegree="0" inDegree="1" degree="1"
  type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<node xml:id="t6" type="final" inDegree="2"
 outDegree="0">
 <label>6</label>
</node>

<node>

<node xml:id="fr_t6" type="final"
 inDegree="2" outDegree="0">
 <label>6</label>
</node>

<arc>

<arc from="#T3" to="#T3">
 <label>OLD</label>
 <label>VIEUX</label>
</arc>

<arc>

<arc from="#fr_T3" to="#T3">
 <label>OLD</label>
 <label>VIEUX</label>
</arc>

<arc>

<arc from="#zh-tw_T3" to="#zh-tw_T3">
 <label>OLD</label>
 <label>年老</label>
</arc>

20.1.1. Transition Networks

<graph type="network-transition"
 xml:id="SS8" order="5" size="6">
 <label>(8)</label>
 <node xml:id="Q0" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="1" type="initial"/>
 <node xml:id="Q1" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="3"/>
 <node xml:id="Q2" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1"/>
 <node xml:id="Q3" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1"/>
 <node xml:id="Q4" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="0" type="final"/>
 <arc from="#Q0" to="#Q1">
  <label>THE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q1">
  <label>OLD</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q2">
  <label>MAN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q3">
  <label>MEN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q2" to="#Q4">
  <label>COMES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q3" to="#Q4">
  <label>COME</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.1. Transition Networks

<graph type="transducer" order="7" size="10">
 <node xml:id="T0" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="3" type="initial">
  <label>0</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T1" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T2" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T3" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T6" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="0" type="final">
  <label>6</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T1">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>L'</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T2">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>LE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T3">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>LES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T1" to="#T4">
  <label>MAN</label>
  <label>HOMME</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T2" to="#T1">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEIL</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T2" to="#T2">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEIL</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T3" to="#T3">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEUX</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T3" to="#T5">
  <label>MEN</label>
  <label>HOMMES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T4" to="#T6">
  <label>COMES</label>
  <label>VIENT</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T5" to="#T6">
  <label>COME</label>
  <label>VIENNENT</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.2. Family Trees

<graph type="family_tree" order="13"
 size="12">
 <node xml:id="KATHR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/kr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Katherine</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="AMBER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/ar1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Amberley</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KAR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="3">
  <label>K+A</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="BERTR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/br1" inDegree="1" outDegree="2">
  <label>Bertrand</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PETER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/pr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Peter</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="DORAR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/dr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Dora</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PBR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>P+B</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="DBR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>D+B</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="FRANR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/fr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Frank</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="RACHR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/rr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Rachel</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CONRR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/cr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Conrad</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KATER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/kr2" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Kate</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="JOHNR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/jr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>John</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#KATHR" to="#KAR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#AMBER" to="#KAR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#BERTR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#FRANR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#RACHR">
  <label>Da</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PETER" to="#PBR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#BERTR" to="#PBR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PBR" to="#CONRR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DORAR" to="#DBR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#BERTR" to="#DBR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DBR" to="#KATER">
  <label>Da</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DBR" to="#JOHNR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.3. Historical Interpretation

<graph type="directed" order="7" size="9">
 <node xml:id="EARL">
  <label>Earl of Argyll's land</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="GALL"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#gall">
  <label>Gallachalzie</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PERT">
  <label>Pertinents</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PER1">
  <label>Pertinents part</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PER2">
  <label>Pertinents part</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KNAP"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#knapfs">
  <label>Lordship of Knapdale</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="ARGY"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#argyfs">
  <label>Sherrifdome of Argyll</label>
 </node>
 <arc xml:id="EARLGALL" from="#EARL"
  to="#GALL">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="EARLARGY" from="#EARL"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#PERTARGY #KNAPARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="EARLPERT" from="#EARL"
  to="#PERT">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTPER1" from="#PERT"
  to="#PER1">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTPER2" from="#PERT"
  to="#PER2">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTARGY" from="#PERT"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#EARLARGY #KNAPARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PER1KNAP" from="#PER1"
  to="#KNAP">
  <label>BY</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PER2KNAP" from="#PER2"
  to="#KNAP">
  <label>PART OF</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="KNAPARGY" from="#KNAP"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#EARLARGY #PERTARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex1" arity="2" ord="true" order="12">
 <root xml:id="G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU1 #EXP1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#EXP2 #EXP3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU2 #NUM2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP2" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARA1 #NUM2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP3" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARB1 #NUM2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU2" parent="#EXP1"
  children="#VARA2 #VARB2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB1" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.2" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.3" parent="#EXP1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex2" ord="partial" arity="2"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="divi1" ord="true"
  children="#plu1 #exp1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="plu1" ord="false"
  parent="#divi1" children="#exp2 #exp3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp1" ord="true"
  parent="#divi1" children="#plu2 #num2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp2" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#vara1 #num2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp3" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#varb1 #num2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="plu2" ord="false"
  parent="#exp1" children="#vara2 #varb2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="vara1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb1" parent="#exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.2" parent="#exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="vara2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.3" parent="#exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex3" ord="true" arity="2" order="8">
 <root xml:id="GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-P1 #GD-NP1">
  <label>PP</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-P1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-WITH1">
  <label>P</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-WITH1" parent="#GD-P1">
  <label>with</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-NP1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-THE1 #GD-PERI1">
  <label>NP</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-ART1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-THE1">
  <label>Art</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THE1" parent="#GD-ART1">
  <label>the</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-N1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-PERI1">
  <label>N</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-PERI1" parent="#GD-N1">
  <label>periscope</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex4" arity="2" order="8" ord="true">
 <leaf xml:id="GD-LOOK1" parent="#GD-VB2">
  <label>look</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THEM1" parent="#GD-PN1">
  <label>them</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-UP1" parent="#GD-PT1">
  <label>up</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB2" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-LOOK1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PN1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-THEM1">
  <label>PN</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PT1" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-UP1" follow="#GD-PN1">
  <label>PT</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB2 #GD-PT1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <root xml:id="GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB1 #GD-PN1">
  <label>VP</label>
 </root>
</tree>

<tree>

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="G-div1"
  children="#G-plu1 #G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu1"
  children="#G-exp2 #G-exp3" parent="#G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp1"
  children="#G-plu2 #G-num2.3" parent="#G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp2"
  children="#G-vara1 #G-num2.1" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp3"
  children="#G-varb1 #G-num2.2" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu2"
  children="#G-vara2 #G-varb2" parent="#G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb1" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.2" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.3" parent="#G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

<tree>

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="fr_G-div1"
  children="#fr_G-plu1 #fr_G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-plu1"
  children="#fr_G-exp2 #fr_G-exp3" parent="#fr_G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp1"
  children="#fr_G-plu2 #fr_G-num2.3" parent="#fr_G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp2"
  children="#fr_G-vara1 #fr_G-num2.1" parent="#fr_G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp3"
  children="#fr_G-varb1 #fr_G-num2.2" parent="#fr_G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-plu2"
  children="#fr_G-vara2 #fr_G-varb2" parent="#fr_G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-vara1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-varb1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.2"
  parent="#fr_G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-vara2"
  parent="#fr_G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-varb2"
  parent="#fr_G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.3"
  parent="#fr_G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

<root>

<root xml:id="vp1" children="#vb1 #pn1"
 outDegree="2">
 <label>VP</label>
</root>
<leaf xml:id="vb1"/>
<leaf xml:id="pn1"/>

<root>

<root xml:id="fr_vp1"
 children="#fr_vb1 #fr_pn1" outDegree="2">
 <label>VP</label>
</root>
<leaf xml:id="fr_vb1"/>
<leaf xml:id="fr_pn1"/>

<iNode>

<iNode xml:id="pt1" children="#GD-UP1"
 parent="#GD-VB1" follow="#GD-PN1" outDegree="1">
 <label>PT</label>
</iNode>

<iNode>

<iNode xml:id="fr_pt1"
 children="#fr_GD-UP1" parent="#fr_GD-VB1" follow="#GD-PN1"
 outDegree="1">
 <label>PT</label>
</iNode>

<leaf>

<leaf xml:id="peri1" parent="#n1">
 <label>periscope</label>
</leaf>

<leaf>

<leaf xml:id="fr_peri1" parent="#fr_n1">
 <label>périscope</label>
</leaf>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>periscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex2">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <triangle>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>the periscope</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </triangle>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex3">
 <label>VP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>V</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>see</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>vessel</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="GD-PPA" exclude="#GD-PPB">
   <label>PP</label>
   <eTree>
    <label>P</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>with</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>NP</label>
    <eTree>
     <label>Art</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>the</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
    <eTree>
     <label>N</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>periscope</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="GD-PPB" copyOf="#GD-PPA"
  exclude="#GD-PPA">
  <label>PP</label>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex4">
 <label>VP</label>
 <eTree xml:id="VBARA" exclude="#VBARB">
  <label>V'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="VA">
   <label>V</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>see</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>NP</label>
   <eTree xml:id="SPEC1A">
    <label>Spec</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>the</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>N'</label>
    <eTree xml:id="NBAR2A">
     <label>N'</label>
     <eTree>
      <label>N</label>
      <eLeaf>
       <label>vessel</label>
      </eLeaf>
     </eTree>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="PPA1">
     <label>PP</label>
     <eTree>
      <label>P</label>
      <eLeaf>
       <label>with</label>
      </eLeaf>
     </eTree>
     <eTree>
      <label>NP</label>
      <eTree>
       <label>Spec</label>
       <eLeaf>
        <label>the</label>
       </eLeaf>
      </eTree>
      <eTree>
       <label>N'</label>
       <eTree>
        <label>N</label>
        <eLeaf>
         <label>periscope</label>
        </eLeaf>
       </eTree>
      </eTree>
     </eTree>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="VBARB" exclude="#VBARA">
  <label>V'</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>V'</label>
   <eTree xml:id="VB" copyOf="#VA">
    <label>V</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>NP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="SPEC1B" copyOf="#SPEC1A">
     <label>Spec</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="NBAR2B" copyOf="#NBAR2A">
     <label>N'</label>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="PPB" copyOf="#PPA1">
   <label>PP</label>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<forest n="ex5" type="derivation-syntactic">
 <eTree n="Stage 1" xml:id="S1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="S1COMP">
   <label>COMP</label>
   <eLeaf xml:id="S1E">
    <label>e</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="S1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="S1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>you</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="S1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="S1V">
     <label>V</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>do</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="S1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf xml:id="S1WH">
      <label>what</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree n="Stage 2" xml:id="S2SBAR"
  corresp="#S1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="S2COMP" corresp="#S1COMP">
   <label>COMP</label>
   <eTree copyOf="#S1NP2" corresp="#S1E">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="S2S" corresp="#S1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="S2NP1" copyOf="#S1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="S2VP" corresp="#S1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="S2V" copyOf="#S1V">
     <label>V</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="S2NP2" corresp="#S1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf corresp="#S1WH">
      <label>t</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</forest>

<eTree>

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>periscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

<eTree>

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>avec</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>le</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>périscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

<triangle>

<triangle>
 <label>NP</label>
 <eLeaf>
  <label>the periscope</label>
 </eLeaf>
</triangle>

<triangle>

<triangle value="#NP">
 <label>NP</label>
 <eLeaf>
  <label>le périscope</label>
 </eLeaf>
</triangle>

<eLeaf>

<eLeaf value="http://an.fsurl.tei/#FSWITH">
 <label>with</label>
</eLeaf>

<eLeaf>

<eLeaf value="http://an.fsurl.tei/#FSWITH">
 <label>avec</label>
</eLeaf>

<forest>

<forest n="ex5" type="derivation-syntactic">
 <eTree n="Stage 1" xml:id="s1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="s1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="s1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>you</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="s1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="s1V">
     <label>V</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>do</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree n="Stage 2" xml:id="s2SBAR"
  corresp="#s1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="s2S" corresp="#s1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="s2NP1" copyOf="#s1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="s2VP" corresp="#s1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="s2V" copyOf="#s1V">
     <label>V</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="s2NP2" corresp="#s1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf corresp="#s1WH">
      <label>t</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</forest>

20.4. Representing Textual Transmission

<eTree type="hypothetical">
 <label>δ</label>
 <eLeaf type="extant">
  <label>L</label>
 </eLeaf>
 <eLeaf type="lost">
  <label>t</label>
 </eLeaf>
</eTree>

20.4. Representing Textual Transmission

<eTree type="hypothetical">
 <label>α</label>
 <eTree type="hypothetical">
  <label>β</label>
  <eTree type="hypothetical">
   <label>δ</label>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>L</label>
   </eLeaf>
   <eLeaf type="lost">
    <label>t</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree type="hypothetical">
   <label>ε</label>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>R</label>
   </eLeaf>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>A</label>
    <ptr type="contamination"
     target="#gamma"/>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="gamma" type="hypothetical">
  <label>γ</label>
  <eLeaf type="extant">
   <label>I</label>
  </eLeaf>
  <eLeaf type="extant">
   <label>X</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<head>

<head> (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section, or the heading of a list, glossary, manuscript description, etc. [4.2.1. Headings and Trailers]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.placement

@place

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.headLike model.pLike.front

Contained by

cmc: post

core: divGen lg list listBibl

drama: castGroup castList epilogue performance prologue set spGrp

figures: figure table

linking: listAnnotation

msdescription: msDesc msFrag msPart

namesdates: climate event listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation object org place population state terrain trait

textcrit: listApp listWit

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group postscript

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The head element is used for headings at all levels; software which treats (e.g.) chapter headings, section headings, and list titles differently must determine the proper processing of a head element based on its structural position. A head occurring as the first element of a list is the title of that list; one occurring as the first element of a div1 is the title of that chapter or section.

Example

The most common use for the head element is to mark the headings of sections. In older writings, the headings or incipits may be rather longer than usual in modern works. If a section has an explicit ending as well as a heading, it should be marked as a trailer, as in this example:

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

When headings are not inline with the running text (see e.g. the heading "Secunda conclusio") they might however be encoded as if. The actual placement in the source document can be captured with the place attribute.

<div type="subsection">
 <head place="margin">Secunda conclusio</head>
 <p>
  <lb n="1251"/>
  <hi rend="large">Potencia: habitus: et actus: recipiunt speciem ab obiectis<supplied>.</supplied>
  </hi>
  <lb n="1252"/>Probatur sic. Omne importans necessariam habitudinem ad proprium
   [...]
 </p>
</div>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

The head element is also used to mark headings of other units, such as lists:

With a few exceptions, connectives are equally
useful in all kinds of discourse: description, narration, exposition, argument. <list rend="bulleted">
 <head>Connectives</head>
 <item>above</item>
 <item>accordingly</item>
 <item>across from</item>
 <item>adjacent to</item>
 <item>again</item>
 <item>
<!-- ... -->
 </item>
</list>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <elementRef key="lg"/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.lLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element head
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   (
      text
    | lg
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.lLike
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <head> (heading)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <head> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <head> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

6. Verse

7. Performance Texts

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

23. Documentation Elements

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datable.custom

<event xml:id="FIRE1"
 datingMethod="#julian" from-custom="1666-09-02"
 to-custom="1666-09-05">
 <head>The Great Fire of London</head>
 <p>The Great Fire of London burned through a large part
   of the city of London.</p>
</event>

att.global.rendition

<head rend="align(center) case(allcaps)">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle,
<lb/>On Her <lb/>
 <hi rend="case(mixed)">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>

att.global.rendition

<head rend="align(center) case(allcaps)">épître dédicatoire<lb/>à <lb/>Monsieur de Coucy <lb/>
 <lb/>.</head>

att.global.rendition

<head style="text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle, <lb/>On Her
<lb/>
 <hi style="font-variant: normal">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>

att.global.rendition

<head rendition="#ac #sc">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle, <lb/>On Her
<lb/>
 <hi rendition="#normal">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>
<!-- elsewhere... -->
<rendition xml:id="sc" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="normal" scheme="css">font-variant: normal</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="ac" scheme="css">text-align: center</rendition>

att.global.rendition

<head rendition="#ac #sc">
 <lb/>épître dédicatoire <lb/>à <lb/>Monsieur de Coucy <lb/>
</head>
<rendition xml:id="fr_sc" scheme="css">font-variant: uppercase</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="fr_ac" scheme="css">text-align: center</rendition>

att.typed

<div type="verse">
 <head>Night in Tarras</head>
 <lg type="stanza">
  <l>At evening tramping on the hot white road</l>
  <l>…</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="stanza">
  <l>A wind sprang up from nowhere as the sky</l>
  <l>…</l>
 </lg>
</div>

att.global

<div type="bibl">
 <head>Selections from <title level="m">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797</title>
 </head>
 <listBibl xml:base="https://romantic-circles.org/sites/default/files/imported/editions/southey_letters/XML/">
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.3.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Grosvenor Charles Bedford</title>, <date when="1792-04-03">3 April 1792</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.57.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Anna Seward</title>, <date when="1793-09-18">18 September 1793</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.85.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Robert Lovell</title>, <date from="1794-04-05" to="1794-04-06">5-6 April, 1794</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</div>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<figure>
 <head>The TEI Logo</head>
 <figDesc>Stylized yellow angle brackets with the letters <mentioned>TEI</mentioned> in
   between and <mentioned>text encoding initiative</mentioned> underneath, all on a white
   background.</figDesc>
 <graphic height="600px" width="600px"
  url="http://www.tei-c.org/logos/TEI-600.jpg"/>
</figure>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<figure>
 <head>Le logo TEI</head>
 <graphic height="600px" width="600px"
  url="http://www.tei-c.org/logos/TEI-600.jpg"/>
</figure>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

3.3.3. Quotation

<head>PM dodges <soCalled>election threat</soCalled> in interview</head>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<table rows="3" cols="2">
 <head>Tent supplies</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>nylon tent</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>steel stakes</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>6</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>fiberglass poles</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <ellipsis>
    <metamark function="ellipsis">"</metamark>
    <supplied>
     <num>6</num>
    </supplied>
   </ellipsis>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

<unclear>

<div>
 <head>Rx</head>
 <p>500 mg <unclear reason="illegible">placebo</unclear>
 </p>
</div>

<measure>

<head>Long papers.</head>
<p>Speakers will be given 30 minutes each: 20 minutes for
presentation, 10 minutes for discussion. Proposals should not
exceed <measure max="500" unit="count"
  commodity="words">500
   words</measure>. This presentation type is suitable for
substantial research, theoretical or critical discussions.</p>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Report of the conduct and progress of Ernest Pontifex.
   Upper Vth form — half term ending Midsummer 1851</head>
 <label>Classics</label>
 <item>Idle listless and unimproving</item>
 <label>Mathematics</label>
 <item>ditto</item>
 <label>Divinity</label>
 <item>ditto</item>
 <label>Conduct in house</label>
 <item>Orderly</item>
 <label>General conduct</label>
 <item>Not satisfactory, on account of his great
   unpunctuality and inattention to duties</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um </label>
 <item>bitter, harsh</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </label>
 <item>field</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">audiō, īre,
   īvī, ītus </label>
 <item>hear, listen (to)</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </label>
 <item>war</item>
 <label xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um </label>
 <item>good</item>
</list>

3.8. Lists

<list type="gloss">
 <head>Unit Three — Vocabulary</head>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">acerbus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>bitter, harsh</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">ager, agrī, M. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>field</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>hear, listen (to)</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bellum, -ī, N. </term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>war</gloss>
 </item>
 <label>
  <term xml:lang="la">bonus, -a, -um</term>
 </label>
 <item>
  <gloss>good</gloss>
 </item>
</list>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>青年守則</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">守則一至五條包括八德：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">一、忠勇為愛國之本 。</item>
    <item n="1.2">二、服從為負責之本。</item>
    <item n="1.3">三、孝順為齊家之本。</item>
    <item n="1.4">四、勤儉為服務之本。</item>
    <item n="1.5">五、仁愛為接物之本。</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">六至九條意指四維：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">六、整潔為強身之本。</item>
    <item n="2.2">七、信義為立業之本。</item>
    <item n="2.3">八、助人為快樂之本。</item>
    <item n="2.4">九、和平為處世之本</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">十至十二條就是三達德：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">十、學問為濟世之本。</item>
    <item n="3.2">十一、禮節為治事之本。</item>
    <item n="3.3">十二、有恆為成功之本。</item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</div1>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>Athelstan's Ordinance</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Concerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with
     the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over
     eightpence.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his
         wergild — and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account — or to
         clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
    <item n="1.2">If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is
         not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve].</item>
    <item n="1.3">If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may
         then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him
         that he will desist for ever.</item>
    <item n="1.4">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         or to bring him back there.</item>
    <item n="1.5">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who
         supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom
     no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a
     person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day,
         he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him
         down as a thief.</item>
    <item n="2.2">And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild
         or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds
     his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and
     120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as
     often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had
     refused him justice.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes
         known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first
         occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns.</item>
    <item n="3.2">And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been
         an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="4">Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to
     a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is
     afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal.</item>
 </list>
</div1>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>Athelstan's Ordinance</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Concerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with
     the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over
     eightpence.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his
         wergild — and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account — or to
         clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
    <item n="1.2">If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is
         not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve].</item>
    <item n="1.3">If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may
         then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him
         that he will desist for ever.</item>
    <item n="1.4">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         or to bring him back there.</item>
    <item n="1.5">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who
         supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom
     no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a
     person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day,
         he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him
         down as a thief.</item>
    <item n="2.2">And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild
         or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds
     his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and
     120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as
     often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had
     refused him justice.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes
         known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first
         occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns.</item>
    <item n="3.2">And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been
         an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="4">Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to
     a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is
     afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal.</item>
 </list>
</div1>

<item>

<list rend="numbered">
 <head>Here begin the chapter headings of Book IV</head>
 <item n="4.1">The death of Queen Clotild.</item>
 <item n="4.2">How King Lothar wanted to appropriate one third of the Church revenues.</item>
 <item n="4.3">The wives and children of Lothar.</item>
 <item n="4.4">The Counts of the Bretons.</item>
 <item n="4.5">Saint Gall the Bishop.</item>
 <item n="4.6">The priest Cato.</item>
 <item> ...</item>
</list>

<item>

<list type="unordered">
 <head>Tentative d'inventaire de quelques-unes des choses qui ont été trouvées dans
   les escaliers au fil des ans.</head>
 <item>Plusieurs photos, dont celle d'une jeune fille de quinze<lb/> ans vêtue d'un slip
   de bain noir et d'un chandail blanc, agenouillée sur une plage,</item>
 <item>un réveil radio de toute évidence destiné à un réparateur, dans un sac plastique
   des établissements Nicolas,</item>
 <item>un soulier noir orné de brillants,</item>
 <item>une mule en chevreau doré,</item>
 <item>une boîte de pastilles Géraudel contre la toux.</item>
</list>

<item>

<list rend="numbered">
 <head>以下為第三部份的各個章節標題</head>
 <item n="3.1">人物的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.2">情節的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.3">環境的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.4">主題的鑑賞</item>
 <item n="3.5">語言的鑑賞</item>
 <item> ...</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="fro">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulaire</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="fr">Ancien français</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="fr">Français moderne</headItem>
 <label>amerté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">amertume</item>
 <label>barquer</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire une barque</item>
 <label>biberon</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">goulot d'un vase.</item>
 <label>bugle</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">jeune boeuf</item>
 <label>cestui</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">celui-ci</item>
 <label>chaitiveté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">captivité</item>
 <label>duire</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire</item>
 <label>dangier</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">puissance, pouvoir</item>
 <label>sangler</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">singularis</item>
 <label>vespre </label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">tombée du jour (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Lexique de Godefroy</ref>
   <quote>de hautes vespres : tard dans la soirée.</quote>
  </cit>)</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="zh">
 <head xml:lang="zh">字彙</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="zh-CN">簡體中文</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="zh-TW">繁體中文</headItem>
 <label>尘</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">塵</item>
 <label>业</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">業</item>
 <label>处</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">處</item>
 <label>个</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">個</item>
 <label>与</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">與</item>
 <label>军队</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">軍隊</item>
 <label>疏远</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">疏遠</item>
 <label>后汉</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">後漢<cit>
   <ref>出師表</ref>
   <quote>亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是<term>后汉</term>所以倾覆衰败的原因</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>叹息</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">嘆息</item>
 <label>认为</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">認為</item>
 <label>诚实</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">誠實</item>
 <label>获得</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">獲得</item>
</list>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

<div type="subsection">
 <head place="margin">Secunda conclusio</head>
 <p>
  <lb n="1251"/>
  <hi rend="large">Potencia: habitus: et actus: recipiunt speciem ab obiectis<supplied>.</supplied>
  </hi>
  <lb n="1252"/>Probatur sic. Omne importans necessariam habitudinem ad proprium
   [...]
 </p>
</div>

<head>

<div type="chapitre">
 <head>Les Mille et une Nuits</head>
 <p>LES chroniques des Sassaniens, anciens rois de Perse, qui avaient étendu leur empire
   dans les Indes, [...]</p>
 <div type="histoire">
  <head>Histoire du Vizir puni</head>
  <p>IL était autrefois un roi, poursuivit-il, qui avait un<lb/> fils qui aimait
     passionnément la chasse. Il lui permettait<lb/> de prendre souvent ce divertissement ;
     [...] </p>
 </div>
</div>
<trailer>
 <hi rend="majuscule">fin du tome premier.</hi>
</trailer>

<head>

Les déictiques
sont des termes qui ne prennent leur sens que dans le cadre de la situation d'énonciation.
<list rend="bulleted">
 <head>déictiques</head>
 <item>ici</item>
 <item>hier</item>
 <item>là</item>
 <item>je</item>
 <item>tu</item>
 <item>nous</item>
 <item>vous</item>
 <item/>
</list>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>三國演義</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>第一回 宴桃園豪杰三結義 斬黃巾英雄首立功</head>
  <p>滾滾長江東逝水，浪花淘盡英雄。是非成敗轉頭空。 青山依舊在，几度夕陽紅。 白發漁樵江渚上，慣看秋月春風。一壺濁酒喜相逢。古今多少事，都付笑談中。</p>
  <p>話說天下大勢，分久必合，合久必分。周末七國分爭，并入于秦。...</p>
  <trailer>三人救了董卓回寨。卓問三人現居何職。玄德曰：白身。...畢竟董卓性命如何，且听下文分解。</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

除了少數特例，連接詞均用於所有論述，例如描述、記敘、闡述、論說。<list rend="bulleted">
 <head>連接詞</head>
 <item>上述的</item>
 <item>因此</item>
 <item>在…的對面</item>
 <item>比鄰於</item>
 <item>再次</item>
 <item>
<!-- ... -->
 </item>
</list>

<head>

With a few exceptions, connectives are equally
useful in all kinds of discourse: description, narration, exposition, argument. <list rend="bulleted">
 <head>Connectives</head>
 <item>above</item>
 <item>accordingly</item>
 <item>across from</item>
 <item>adjacent to</item>
 <item>again</item>
 <item>
<!-- ... -->
 </item>
</list>

<head>

With a few exceptions, connectives are equally
useful in all kinds of discourse: description, narration, exposition, argument. <list rend="bulleted">
 <head>Connectives</head>
 <item>above</item>
 <item>accordingly</item>
 <item>across from</item>
 <item>adjacent to</item>
 <item>again</item>
 <item>
<!-- ... -->
 </item>
</list>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
  <listBibl>
   <bibl> ... </bibl>
  </listBibl>
 </div>
 <divGen n="Index Nominum"
  type="INDEX-NAMES"/>
 <divGen n="Index Loci" type="INDEX-PLACES"/>
</back>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<back>
 <divGen n="A1" type="INDEX-NAMES">
  <head>An Index of Names</head>
 </divGen>
</back>

3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components

<head>
 <graphic url="http://www.iath.virginia.edu/gants/Ornaments/Heads/hp-ral02.gif"/>
</head>

<media>

<figure>
 <media mimeType="image/png" url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
</figure>

<media>

<figure>
 <media type="graphic" mimeType="image/png"
  url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>維納斯</head>
 <figDesc> 波提且利 1484-1486年 畫布、蛋彩 佛羅倫斯，烏菲滋美術館</figDesc>
</figure>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
</figure>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure Une : Jan van Eyck, La Vierge du chancelier Rolin</head>
 <p>Si, attiré par la curiosité, on a l'imprudence de l'approcher d'un peu trop prés, c'est fini, on est pris pour tout le temps que peut durer l'effort d'une attention soutenue ; on s'extasie devant la finesse du détail ... il va toujours plus loin, franchit une à une les croupes des collines verdoyantes ; se repose un moment sur une ligne lointaine de montagnes neigeuses; pour se perdre ensuite dans l'infini d'un ciel à peine bleu, où s'estompent de flottantes nuées. </p>
</figure>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>維納斯</head>
 <figDesc> 波提且利 1484-1486年 畫布、蛋彩 佛羅倫斯，烏菲滋美術館</figDesc>
</figure>

3.11.2.1. Referencing system derived from markup

<text xml:id="Text-1" n="AB">
 <front xml:id="Front" n="AB.1">
  <div xml:id="Front.div-1" n="AB.1.1">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
  <titlePage xml:id="Front.titlePage"
   n="AB.1.2">
   <titlePart> ... </titlePart>
  </titlePage>
  <div xml:id="Front.div-2" n="AB.1.3">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <body xml:id="Body" n="AB.2">
  <p xml:id="Body.p-1" n="AB.2.1"> ... </p>
  <p xml:id="Body.p-2" n="AB.2.2"> ... </p>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-1" n="AB.2.3">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-1.head"
    n="AB.2.3.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-1" n="AB.2.3.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-2" n="AB.2.3.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-2" n="AB.2.4">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-2.head"
    n="AB.2.4.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-1" n="AB.2.4.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-2" n="AB.2.4.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Ninth International Conference on Middle High German Textual Criticism, Aachen,
   June 1998.</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>List of Participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Colloque international : Duras, marges et transgressions, Nancy, 1er et 2 avril
   2005</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>liste des participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>2007第三屆亞太藝術教育國際研討會</meeting>
 <list type="參與者">
  <head>與會者名單</head>
  <item>
   <persName>馬桂順 </persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>仲瀨律久</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div2 n="I.2" type="scene">
 <head>Scene 2.</head>
 <stage type="setting">Peachum, Filch.</stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Sir, Black Moll hath sent word her Trial comes on in
     the Afternoon, and she hopes you will order Matters
     so as to bring her off.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>PEACHUM.</speaker>
  <p>Why, she may plead her Belly at worst; to my
     Knowledge she hath taken care of that Security.
     But, as the Wench is very active and industrious,
     you may satisfy her that I'll soften the Evidence.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Tom Gagg, sir, is found guilty.</p>
 </sp>
</div2>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="Act">
 <head>ACT I</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="Scene">
  <head>SCENE I</head>
  <stage rend="italic">Enter Barnardo and Francisco,
     two Sentinels, at several doors</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="Y">Who's there?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="I">Long live the King!</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l part="M">Barnardo?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="F">He.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>You come most carefully upon your hour.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l>'Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>For this relief much thanks. 'Tis bitter cold,</l>
   <l part="I">And I am sick at heart.</l>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting">A tempestuous
     noise of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter
     a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall
       too't, yarely, or we run our selues a ground,
       bestirre, bestirre. <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare,
       yare: Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle:
       Blow till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

4. Default Text Structure

<div>

<body>
 <div type="part">
  <head>Fallacies of Authority</head>
  <p>The subject of which is Authority in various shapes, and the object, to repress all
     exercise of the reasoning faculty.</p>
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
   <head>The Nature of Authority</head>
   <p>With reference to any proposed measures having for their object the greatest
       happiness of the greatest number [...]</p>
   <div n="1.1" type="section">
    <head>Analysis of Authority</head>
    <p>What on any given occasion is the legitimate weight or influence to be attached to
         authority [...] </p>
   </div>
   <div n="1.2" type="section">
    <head>Appeal to Authority, in What Cases Fallacious.</head>
    <p>Reference to authority is open to the charge of fallacy when [...] </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="oeuvre">
  <head>Les Chouans </head>
  <div n="1" type="partie">
   <head> Première partie</head>
   <head> L'embuscade</head>
   <div n="1" type="chapitre">
    <head>Chapitre premier </head>
    <div n="1">
     <head>I</head>
     <p>Dans les premiers jours de l'an VIII, au commencement de vendémiaire, ou, pour
           se conformer au calendrier actuel, vers la fin du mois de septembre 1799, une
           centaine de paysans et un assez grand nombre de bourgeois, partis le matin de
           Fougères pour se rendre à Mayenne, gravissaient la montagne de la Pèlerine,
           située à mi-chemin environ de Fougères à Ernée, petite ville où les voyageurs
           ont coutume de se reposer. </p>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="part">
  <head>對話的喧囂：巴赫汀文化理論述評</head>
  <p>本書以中國人的觀點，介紹巴赫汀的一生志業。深入淺出、引證周詳。尤其面對海峽兩岸劇變中的政治、文化思潮，巴赫汀從對話到喧嘩的理論，更具有深刻的歷史意義，發人省思。</p>
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
   <head>引言：巴赫汀對話論—轉型期的文化理論</head>
   <p>文化轉型期的文藝理論，一般都呈現著特別關注文藝之外的歷史社會環境的傾向。不過，這種關注在二十世紀之前的文論中，大致上均以一種文藝內在規律語歷史社會語境二元對立的面貌出現。...</p>
   <div n="1.1" type="section">
    <head>眾聲喧嘩：轉型期的文化理論</head>
    <p>當代西方文論對巴赫汀思想的看法迥異，見仁見智。有強調其「對話性」的，有看重他的「複調小說」理論的，也有語言學、符號學、哲學和美學的不同角度來解釋巴赫汀的。...
    </p>
   </div>
   <div n="1.2" type="section">
    <head>哲學建構論語對話美學</head>
    <p>眾聲喧嘩的文化理論形成於二○年代末和三○年代，是巴赫汀思想成熟階段的結晶。... </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div1>

<div1 xml:id="levi" n="I" type="part">
 <head>Part I: Of Man </head>
 <div2 xml:id="levi1" n="1" type="chapter">
  <head>Chap. I. Of Sense </head>
  <p>Concerning the Thoughts of man... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 xml:id="levii" n="II" type="part">
 <head>Part II: Of Common-Wealth</head>
</div1>

<div1>

<div1 n="1" type="livre">
 <head>livre premier</head>
 <div2 n="I" type="chapitre">
  <head>La Grand'salle</head>
  <p>Il y a aujourd'hui trois cent quarante-huit ans six mois et dix-neuf jours que les
     parisiens s'éveillèrent au bruit de toutes les cloches sonnant à grande volée dans la
     triple enceinte de la Cité, de l'Université et de la Ville. </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 n="2" type="livre">
 <head>livre deuxième</head>
 <div2 n="I" type="chapitre">
  <head>De Charybde en Scylla </head>
  <p>La nuit arrive de bonne heure en janvier. Les rues étaient déjà sombres quand
     Gringoire sortit du Palais.</p>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div1>

<div1 xml:id="zh-tw_levi" n="I" type="part">
 <head>第一部：陰錯陽差</head>
 <div2 xml:id="zh-tw_levi1" n="1"
  type="chapter">
  <head>第一章</head>
  <p>乾隆年間，北京。紫薇帶著丫頭金瑣，來到北京已經快一個月了。.. </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 xml:id="zh-tw_levii" n="II"
 type="part">
 <head>第二部: 水深火熱</head>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="2" type="part">
 <head>The Second Partition:
   The Cure of Melancholy</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>Unlawful Cures rejected.</head>
    <p>Inveterate melancholy, howsoever it may seem to
         be a continuate, inexorable disease, hard to be
         cured, accompanying them to their graves most part
         (as <ref target="#a">Montanus</ref> observes), yet many
         times it may be helped...
    </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. III. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="II" type="chapitre">
 <head>Chapitre II. Traitement électronique des données en histoire de la littérature
   française : bilan provisoire</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="subsection">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="article">
    <head>Les objectifs</head>
    <p>Chaque étudiant est convié à parcourir la banque à partir des différentes entrées
         liées au cours magistral qu'il suit en amphithéâtre...</p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. II. Subsection I. Exploitation pédagogique de la BDHL</head>
   <p>Pour la plupart des étudiants en Lettres des générations précédentes, un
       enseignement de l'histoire de la littérature allait de soi... </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. III. Subsection I. Etudes permises par la BDHL</head>
   <p>L'existence d'une banque de données, quelle qu'elle soit, permet d'envisager des
       traitements statistiques. </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="3" type="part">
 <head>第三章：對話性—文化理論的基石</head>
 <div2 n="3.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="3.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>歷史、社會與佛洛伊德主義</head>
    <p>《述評》開宗明義，運用歷史唯物主義的觀點，批判佛洛伊德主義的反歷史和反社會傾向。巴赫汀指出... </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
   <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
   <p>在二○年代的蘇聯文藝界，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.3.1" type="member">
   <head>建立馬克思主義和社會學詩學</head>
   <p>《社會學詩學》是巴赫汀對話美學的一個目標，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div3>

<div2 n="2.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
  <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.2" type="member">
  <head>Memb. II Retention and Evacuation rectified.</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="member">
  <head>Memb. III Ayr rectified. With a digression of the Ayr.</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div3>

<div2 n="2.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. I Dictionnaires. </head>
  <p> C'est un recueil de mots rangés dans un ordre convenu...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.2" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. II. Qu'est-ce qu'un dictionnaire de langue ? .</head>
  <p>Un dictionnaire de langue est un dictionnaire donnant les mots d'une langue et leurs
     emplois...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. III. Qu'est-ce qu'un dictionnaire encyclopédique ? </head>
  <p>Un dictionnaire encyclopédique est un dictionnaire qui contient des renseignements
     sur les choses, sur les idées </p>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div3>

<div2 n="3.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
  <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
  <p>在二○年代的蘇聯文藝界，...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="3.2.2" type="member">
  <head>交流：藝術話語與生活話語的共性</head>
  <p>林林總總的文理理論圍繞著作者、作品和讀者的關係問題，...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="member">
  <head>言談和音調</head>
  <p>在這裡，巴赫汀為言談做了一個大膽的定義：...</p>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div4>

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
 <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect I. — Dyet rectified in substance.</head>
  <p>Diet, <term xml:lang="grc">diaitotiku</term>, <term xml:lang="la">victus</term> or
     living </p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect II. — Dyet rectified in quantity.</head>
  <p>Man alone, saith Cardan, eates and drinks without appetite, and useth all his pleasures
     without necessity </p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div4>

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
 <head>Sect. II. Subsect. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="alinéa">
  <head>Alinéa I. <term>Horlogerie</term>Lame de ressort.</head>
  <p> Bande d'acier enroulée formant le ressort d'une montre, d'une pendule. (Dict. XIXe
     et XXe s.).</p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.2" type="alinéa">
  <head>Alinéa II. — <term>Menuiserie</term>Lame de parquet</head>
  <p>Lame de parquet. Chacune des bandes de bois qui, emboîtées, constituent le
     parquet</p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div4>

<div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
 <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
 <div4 n="3.2.1.1" type="subsection">
  <head>薩庫林的《文學研究的社會學方法》</head>
  <p>薩庫林把藝術史和文學史的發展分成兩個部份：內在與因果部份。...</p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="3.2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>美的本質</head>
  <p>五○至六○年代在中國大陸進行的美學大辯論，一個核心的問題就是美的本質問題。...</p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div5>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Apple soup</head>
   <div5>
    <head>Ingredients</head>
    <list>
     <item>2 lbs. of good boiling apples,</item>
     <item>3/4 teaspoonful of white pepper,</item>
     <item>6 cloves,</item>
     <item>cayenne or ginger to taste,</item>
     <item>3 quarts of medium stock</item>
    </list>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Mode</head>
    <p>Peel and quarter the apples taking out their cores; put them into
         the stock, stew them gently till tender, Rub the whole through a
         strainer, add the seasoning. give it one boil up, and serve.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Time</head>
    <p>1 hour.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Average cost</head>
    <p>per quart, 1s.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Seasonable</head>
    <p>from September to December.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Sufficient</head>
    <p> for 10 persons</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>The apple</head>
    <p>This useful fruit is mentioned in Holy Writ; and Homer describes it
         as valuable in his time... As a food, the apple cannot be considered
         to rank high, as more than the half of it consists of water, and
         the rest of its properties are not the most nourishing. It is
         however a useful adjunct to other kinds of food, and, when cooked, is
         esteemed as slightly laxative.</p>
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Artichoke (Jerusalem) soup</head>
   <p>...</p>
  </div4>
<!-- other recipes here -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div6>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
    <div6>
     <head>Ingredients</head>
     <list>
      <item>4 lbs of shin of beef,</item>
      <item>4 lbs of knuckle of veal,</item>
<!-- ... -->
      <item>4 quarts of water</item>
     </list>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Mode</head>
     <p>Line a delicately clean stewpan... Strain through a very
           fine hair sieve, or tammy, and it will be fit for use</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Time</head>
     <p>5 hours.</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Average cost</head>
     <p>1s 3d. per quart</p>
    </div6>
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
<!-- ... -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div7>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Indices</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="NAMES"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="THINGS"/>
 </div1>
</back>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Bibliographie</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Indices</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="NAMES"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="THINGS"/>
 </div1>
</back>

<divGen>

<front>
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>參考書目</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>索引</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="人名"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="事物"/>
 </div1>
</back>

<divGen>

<front>
<!--<titlePage>書名頁</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>序</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<divGen>

<front>
<!--<titlePage>...</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Preface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<div1 type="book" n="I" xml:id="JA0100">
 <head>Book I.</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0101">
  <head>Of writing lives in general, and particularly of Pamela, with a word
     by the bye of Colley Cibber and others.</head>
  <p>It is a trite but true observation, that examples work more forcibly on
     the mind than precepts: ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 1 here -->
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0102">
  <head>Of Mr. Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great
     endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors.</head>
  <p>Mr. Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to
     be the only son of Gaffar and Gammar Andrews, and brother to the
     illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 2 here -->
 </div2>
<!-- remaining chapters of Book 1 here -->
 <trailer>The end of the first Book</trailer>
</div1>
<div1 type="book" n="II" xml:id="JA0200">
 <head>Book II</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0201">
  <head>Of divisions in authors</head>
  <p>There are certain mysteries or secrets in all trades, from the highest
     to the lowest, from that of <term>prime-ministering</term>, to this of
  <term>authoring</term>, which are seldom discovered unless to members of
     the same calling ... </p>
  <p>I will dismiss this chapter with the following observation: that it
     becomes an author generally to divide a book, as it does a butcher to
     joint his meat, for such assistance is of great help to both the reader
     and the carver. And now having indulged myself a little I will endeavour
     to indulge the curiosity of my reader, who is no doubt impatient to know
     what he will find in the subsequent chapters of this book.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0202">
  <head>A surprising instance of Mr. Adams's short memory, with the
     unfortunate consequences which it brought on Joseph.
  </head>
  <p>Mr. Adams and Joseph were now ready to depart different ways ... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

<div1 type="storylist" org="composite">
 <head>News in brief</head>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Police deny <soCalled>losing</soCalled> bomb</head>
  <p>Scotland Yard yesterday denied claims in the Sunday
     Express that anti-terrorist officers trailing an IRA van
     loaded with explosives in north London had lost track of
     it 10 days ago.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Hotel blaze</head>
  <p>Nearly 200 guests were evacuated before dawn
     yesterday after fire broke out at the Scandic
     Crown hotel in the Royal Mile, Edinburgh.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Test match split</head>
  <p>Test Match Special next summer will be split
     between Radio 5 and Radio 3, after protests this
     year that it disrupted Radio 3's music schedule.</p>
 </div2>
</div1>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div1 n="Etym">
 <head>Etymology</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a late consumptive usher to a
   grammar school)</head>
 <p>The pale Usher — threadbare in coat, heart,
   body and brain; I see him now. He was ever
   dusting his old lexicons and grammars, ...</p>
</div1>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div type="story">
 <head rend="underlined" type="sub">President pledges safeguards for 2,400 British
   troops in Bosnia</head>
 <head rend="scream" type="main">Major agrees to enforced no-fly zone</head>
 <byline>By George Jones, Political Editor, in Washington</byline>
 <p>Greater Western intervention in the conflict in
   former Yugoslavia was pledged by President Bush ...</p>
</div>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div type="book" n="I">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the
   first book of the ecclesiastical history of Georgius Florentinus,
   known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div>
  <head>Chapter Headings</head>
  <list>
   <item>
<!-- chapter head -->
   </item>
<!-- further chapter heads omitted -->
  </list>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four
     hundred and twelve years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five
     hundred and ninety-six years from the beginning of the world down
     to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="preface">
 <head>To Henry Hope.</head>
 <p>It is not because this volume was conceived and partly
   executed amid the glades and galleries of the Deepdene,
   that I have inscribed it with your name. ... I shall find a
   reflex to their efforts in your own generous spirit and
   enlightened mind.
 </p>
 <closer>
  <signed xml:lang="el">D.</signed>
  <dateline>Grosvenor Gate, May-Day, 1844</dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="letter" n="14">
 <head>Letter XIV: Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe</head>
 <opener>
  <dateline>Thursday evening, March 2.</dateline>
 </opener>
 <p>On Hannah's depositing my long letter ...</p>
 <p>An interruption obliges me to conclude myself
   in some hurry, as well as fright, what I must ever be,</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Yours more than my own,</salute>
  <signed>Clarissa Harlowe</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div n="19" type="chap">
 <head>Chapter 19</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I pity the man who can travel
       from Dan to Beersheba, and say <q>'Tis all
         barren;</q> and so is all the world to him
       who will not cultivate the fruits it offers.
   </quote>
   <bibl>Sterne: Sentimental Journey.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>To say that Deronda was romantic would be to
   misrepresent him: but under his calm and somewhat
   self-repressed exterior ...</p>
</div>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
<!-- the whole anthology -->
 <front>
<!-- title page, acknowledgments, introductory essay -->
 </front>
 <group>
<!-- body of anthology starts here -->
  <group>
   <head>The Beginnings</head>
<!-- sequence of texts or groups -->
  </group>
  <group>
<!-- The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour -->
   <text>
<!-- prefatory essay by editor -->
   </text>
   <group>
<!-- Section on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first letter -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second letter -->
    </text>
<!-- ... -->
   </group>
<!-- end of Montagu section -->
   <text>
<!-- single text by Jonathan Swift starts -->
    <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </front>
    <body/>
   </text>
<!-- end of Swift section -->
   <group>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first poem -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second poem -->
    </text>
   </group>
<!-- end of Pope section -->
<!-- ... -->
  </group>
<!-- end of 18th century section -->
  <group>
   <head>The Heyday</head>
<!-- texts and subgroups -->
  </group>
<!-- ... -->
 </group>
<!-- end of the anthology proper -->
 <back>
<!-- back matter for anthology -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<div n="2" type="chap">
 <head>Extracts</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a sub-sub-Librarian)</head>
 <p>It will be seen that this mere painstaking burrower and
   grubworm of a poor devil of a Sub-Sub appears to have gone
   through the long Vaticans and street-stalls of the earth,
   picking up whatever random allusions to whales he could
   anyways find ...
   Here ye strike but splintered hearts together — there,
   ye shall strike unsplinterable glasses!</p>
 <p>
  <cit>
   <quote>And God created great whales.</quote>
   <bibl>Genesis</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Leviathan maketh a path to shine after him;</l>
    <l>One would think the deep to be hoary.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>Job</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>By art is created that great Leviathan,
       called a Commonwealth or State — (in Latin,
   <mentioned xml:lang="la">civitas</mentioned>), which
       is but an artificial man.</quote>
   <bibl>Opening sentence of Hobbes's Leviathan</bibl>
  </cit>
 </p>
</div>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>Galecia one Evening setting alone in her Chamber by a clear Fire,
and a clean Hearth [...] reflected on the Providence of our
All-wise and Gracious Creator [...] </p>
<p>She was thus ruminating, when a Gentleman enter'd the Room, the
Door being a jar [...] calling for a Candle, she beg'd a thousand
Pardons, engaged him to sit down, and let her know, what had so long
conceal'd him from her Correspondence.
</p>
<pb n="5"/>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Story of <hi>Captain Manly</hi>
  </head>
  <p>Dear Galecia, said he, though you partly know the loose, or rather
     lewd Life that I led in my Youth; yet I can't forbear relating part of
     it to you by way of Abhorrence...

<!-- Captain Manly's story here -->
     I had lost and spent all I had in the World; in which I verified the
     Old Proverb, That a Rolling Stone never gathers Moss,
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="37"/>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>The Gentleman having finish'd his Story, Galecia waited on him to
the Stairs-head; and at her return, casting her Eyes on the Table, she
saw lying there an old dirty rumpled Book, and found in it the
following story: </p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <p> IN the time of the Holy War when
     Christians from all parts went into the Holy Land to oppose the Turks;
     Amongst these there was a certain English Knight...</p>
<!-- rest of story here -->
  <p>The King graciously pardoned the Knight; Richard was kindly receiv'd
     into his Convent, and all things went on in good order: But from hence
     came the Proverb, We must not strike <hi>Robert</hi> for
  <hi>Richard.</hi>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="43"/>
<p>By this time Galecia's Maid brought up her Supper; after which she
cast her Eyes again on the foresaid little Book, where she found the
following Story, which she read through before she went to bed.
</p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Cause of the Moors Overrunning
  <hi>Spain</hi>
  </head>
  <p>King ———— of Spain at his Death, committed the Government of his
     Kingdom to his Brother Don ——— till his little Son should come of
     Age ...</p>
  <p>Thus the little Story ended, without telling what Misery
     befel the King and Kingdom, by the Moors, who over ran the Country for
     many Years after. To which, we may well apply the Proverb,
  <quote>
    <l>Who drives the Devil's Stages,</l>
    <l>Deserves the Devil's Wages</l>
   </quote>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<p>The reading this Trifle of a Story detained Galecia from her Rest
beyond her usual Hour; for she slept so sound the next Morning, that
she did not rise, till a Lady's Footman came to tell her, that his
Lady and another or two were coming to breakfast with her...
</p>

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="dedication">
 <p>To my parents, Ida and Max Fish</p>
</div>
<div type="preface">
 <head>Preface</head>
 <p>The answer this book gives to its title question is <q>there is
     and there isn't</q>.</p>
 <p>Chapters 1–12 have been previously published in the
   following journals and collections:
 <list>
   <item>chapters 1 and 3 in <title>New literary History</title>
   </item>
   <item>chapter 10 in <title>Boundary II</title> (1980)</item>
  </list>.
   I am grateful for permission to reprint.</p>
 <signed>S.F.</signed>
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="contents">
 <head>Contents</head>
 <list>
  <item>Introduction, or How I stopped Worrying and Learned to Love
     Interpretation <ptr target="#fish1"/>
  </item>
  <item>
   <list>
    <head>Part One: Literature in the Reader</head>
    <item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
    <ptr target="#fish2"/>
    </item>
    <item n="2">What is Stylistics and Why Are They Saying Such
         Terrible Things About It? <ptr target="#fish3"/>
    </item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</div>
<div xml:id="fish1">
 <head>Introduction</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish2">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish3">
 <head>What is stylistics?</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<!-- ... --><item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
<ref target="#fish-p24">24</ref>
</item>
<!-- ... -->
<div type="chapter">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
 <pb xml:id="fish-p24"/>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<!-- ... -->

4.5. Front Matter

<front>
 <div1 type="incipit">
  <p>Here bygynniþ a book of contemplacyon, þe whiche
     is clepyd <title>þE CLOWDE OF VNKNOWYNG</title>,
     in þe whiche a soule is onyd wiþ GOD.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="prayer">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe preyer on þe prologe.</head>
  <p>God, unto whom alle hertes ben open, &amp; unto whome alle wille
     spekiþ, &amp; unto whom no priue þing is hid: I beseche
     þee so for to clense þe entent of myn hert wiþ þe
     unspekable 3ift of þi grace, þat I may parfiteliche
     loue þee &amp; worþilich preise þee. Amen.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="preface">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe prolog.</head>
  <p>In þe name of þe Fader &amp; of þe Sone &amp;
     of þe Holy Goost.</p>
  <p>I charge þee &amp; I beseeche þee, wiþ as moche
     power &amp; vertewe as þe bonde of charite is sufficient
     to suffre, what-so-euer þou be þat þis book schalt
     haue in possession ...</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="contents">
  <head>Here biginneþ a table of þe chapitres.</head>
  <list>
   <label>þe first chapitre </label>
   <item>Of foure degrees of Cristen mens leuing; &amp; of þe
       cours of his cleping þat þis book was maad vnto.</item>
   <label>þe secound chapitre</label>
   <item>A schort stering to meeknes &amp; to þe werk of þis
       book</item>
   <label>þe fiue and seuenti chapitre</label>
   <item>Of somme certein tokenes bi þe whiche a man may proue
       wheþer he be clepid of God to worche in þis werk.</item>
  </list>
  <trailer>&amp; here eendeþ þe table of þe chapitres.</trailer>
 </div1>
</front>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>à la mémoire de Raymond Queneau</p>
 </div>
 <div type="avertissement">
  <p>L'amitié, l'histoire et la littérature m'ont fourni quelques-uns
     des.personnages de ce livre. Toute autre ressemblance avec des
     individus vivants ou ayant réellement ou fictivement existé ne
     saurait être que coïncidence.</p>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde <bibl>(Jules Verne, Michel
         Strogoff )</bibl>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
 </div>
 <div type="preambule">
  <head>PRÉAMBULE</head>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>
    <q>L'œil suit les chemins qui lui ont été ménagés dans l'oeuvre
    <bibl>(Paul Klee, Pädagosisches Skizzenbuch)</bibl>
    </q>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
  <p> Au départ, l'art du puzzle semble un art bref, un art mince, tout
     entier contenu dans un maigre enseignement de la Gestalttheorie :
     ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p>Tant qu'il existera, par le fait des lois et des moeurs, une
     damnation sociale créant artificiellement, en pleine civilisation,
     des enfers, et compliquant d'une fatalité humaine la destinée qui
     est divine ; tant que les trois problèmes du siècle, la dégradation
     de l'homme par le prolétariat, la déchéance de la femme par la faim,
     l'atrophie de l'enfant par la nuit, ne seront pas résolus; tant que,
     dans certaines régions, l'asphyxie sociale sera possible; en
     d'autres termes, et à un point de vue plus étendu encore, tant qu'il
     aura sur la terre ignorance et misère, des livres de la nature de
     celui-ci pourront ne pas être inutiles.</p>
  <closer>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Hauteville-House</name>
    <date>1er janvier 1862</date>
   </dateline>
  </closer>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>聲明啟事</p>
 </div>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>作者聲明</head>
  <p>書中所有情節內容皆為虛構，若有雷同，純屬巧合。</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>To our three selves</p>
 </div>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Author's Note</head>
  <p>All the characters in this book are purely imaginary, and if the
     author has used names that may suggest a reference to living persons
     she has done so inadvertently. ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="abstract">
  <div>
   <head> BACKGROUND:</head>
   <p>Food insecurity can put children at greater risk of obesity because
       of altered food choices and nonuniform consumption patterns.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> OBJECTIVE:</head>
   <p>We examined the association between obesity and both child-level
       food insecurity and personal food insecurity in US children.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> DESIGN:</head>
   <p>Data from 9,701 participants in the National Health and Nutrition
       Examination Survey, 2001-2010, aged 2 to 11 years were analyzed.
       Child-level food insecurity was assessed with the US Department of
       Agriculture's Food Security Survey Module based on eight
       child-specific questions. Personal food insecurity was assessed with
       five additional questions. Obesity was defined, using physical
       measurements, as body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) greater than
       or equal to the age- and sex-specific 95th percentile of the Centers
       for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Logistic
       regressions adjusted for sex, race/ethnic group, poverty level, and
       survey year were conducted to describe associations between obesity
       and food insecurity.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> RESULTS:</head>
   <p>Obesity was significantly associated with personal food insecurity
       for children aged 6 to 11 years (odds ratio=1.81; 95% CI 1.33 to
       2.48), but not in children aged 2 to 5 years (odds ratio=0.88; 95%
       CI 0.51 to 1.51). Child-level food insecurity was not associated
       with obesity among 2- to 5-year-olds or 6- to 11-year-olds.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> CONCLUSIONS:</head>
   <p>Personal food insecurity is associated with an increased risk of
       obesity only in children aged 6 to 11 years. Personal
       food-insecurity measures may give different results than aggregate
       food-insecurity measures in children.</p>
  </div>
 </div>
</front>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="index">
  <head>Index</head>
  <list type="index">
   <item>Actors, public, paid for the contempt attending
       their profession, <ref>263</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Africa, cause assigned for the barbarous state of
       the interior parts of that continent, <ref>125</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Agriculture
   <list type="indexentry">
     <item>ancient policy of Europe unfavourable to, <ref>371</ref>
     </item>
     <item>artificers necessary to carry it on, <ref>481</ref>
     </item>
     <item>cattle and tillage mutually improve each other, <ref>325</ref>
     </item>
     <item>wealth arising from more solid than that which proceeds
           from commerce <ref>520</ref>
     </item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref>461</ref>
   </item>
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="letter">
  <head>A letter written to his wife, founde with this booke
     after his death.</head>
  <p>The remembrance of the many wrongs offred thee, and thy
     unreproued vertues, adde greater sorrow to my miserable state,
     than I can utter or thou conceiue. ...
     ... yet trust I in the world to come to find mercie, by the
     merites of my Saiuour to whom I commend thee, and commit
     my soule.</p>
  <signed>Thy repentant husband for his disloyaltie,
  <name>Robert Greene.</name>
  </signed>
  <epigraph xml:lang="la">
   <p>Faelicem fuisse infaustum</p>
  </epigraph>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </div>
</back>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="corrigenda">
  <head>Addenda</head>
  <salute xml:lang="la">M. Scriblerus Lectori</salute>
  <p>Once more, gentle reader I appeal unto thee, from the shameful
     ignorance of the Editor, by whom Our own Specimen of
  <name>Virgil</name> hath been mangled in such miserable manner, that
     scarce without tears can we behold it. At the very entrance, Instead
     of <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγομενα</q>, lo!
  <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγωμενα</q> with an Omega!
     and in the same line <q xml:lang="la">consulâs</q> with a circumflex!
     In the next page thou findest <q xml:lang="la">leviter perlabere</q>,
     which his ignorance took to be the infinitive mood of
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabor</q> but ought to be
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabi</q> ... Wipe away all these
     monsters, Reader, with thy quill.</p>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>The Golden Dream or, the Ingenuous Confession</head>
  <p>TO shew the Depravity of human Nature, and how apt the Mind is to be misled by Trinkets
     and false Appearances, Mrs. Two-Shoes does acknowledge, that after she became rich, she
     had like to have been, too fond of Money
<!-- .... -->
  </p>
 </div>
<!-- ... -->
 <div type="epistle">
  <head>A letter from the Printer, which he desires may be inserted</head>
  <salute>Sir.</salute>
  <p>I have done with your Copy, so you may return it to the Vatican, if you please;

<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>The Books usually read by the Scholars of Mrs Two-Shoes are these and are sold at Mr
     Newbery's at the Bible and Sun in St Paul's Church-yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">The Christmas Box, Price 1d.</item>
   <item n="2">The History of Giles Gingerbread, 1d.</item>
<!-- ... -->
   <item n="42">A Curious Collection of Travels, selected from the Writers of all Nations,
       10 Vol, Pr. bound 1l.</item>
  </list>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>By the KING's Royal Patent, Are sold by J. NEWBERY, at the Bible and Sun in St.
     Paul's Church-Yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">Dr. James's Powders for Fevers, the Small-Pox, Measles, Colds, &amp;c. 2s.
       6d</item>
   <item n="2">Dr. Hooper's Female Pills, 1s.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div n="1" type="appendice">
  <head>APPENDICE I </head>
  <head>CHAPITRE XV bis </head>
  <p>Des cruautez exercées par les Turcs, et autres peuples : et nommément par les
     Espagnols, beaucoup plus barbares que les Sauvages mesmes </p>
  <p>Premierement Chalcondile en son histoire de la decadence de l'Empire des Grecs, ...</p>
 </div>
 <div n="2" type="appendice">
  <head> Appendice 2</head>
  <head>Advertissement de l'autheur</head>
  <p>Outre les augmentations bien amples, et la revision beaucoup plus exacte que je n'avoye
     fait és precedentes Editions, j'ai pour le contentement des Lecteurs, plusieurs endroits
     de ceste quatrieme et derniere monstré ...</p>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div1 type="appendix">
  <head>臺灣現代詩論戰史資料彙編</head>
  <p>現代詩論戰史第一階段</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="epistle">
  <head>白先勇致瘂弦洛夫</head>
  <salute>您好，</salute>
  <p>您的副本我已使用完畢，可以歸還了，麻煩您。</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>本論文提及的專書，可於台灣各大書店詢問訂購。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">陳芳明《詩與現實》，台北：洪範，1983。</item>
   <item n="2">洛夫《詩人之鏡》，台北：大業，1969。</item>
   <item n="42">廖炳惠《回顧現代》，台北：麥田，1994。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>
   <hi rend="center">詩集、詩選</hi>也可於網路書店購得。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">余光中《天狼星》，台北：洪範，1976。</item>
   <item n="2">席慕蓉著《無怨的青春》，台北，大地，1983。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
</back>

6. Verse

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <head>1755</head>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <body>
  <head>My Alba</head>
  <lg>
   <l>Now that I've wasted</l>
   <l>five years in Manhattan</l>
   <l>life decaying</l>
   <l>talent a blank</l>
  </lg>
  <lg>
   <l>talking disconnected</l>
   <l>patient and mental</l>
   <l>sliderule and number</l>
   <l>machine on a desk</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

<set>

<set>
 <head>Une représentation à l'hôtel de Bourgogne</head>
 <p>La salle de l'Hôtel de Bourgogne, en 1640. Sorte de hangar de jeu de paume aménagé et
   embelli pour des représentations.</p>
 <p>La salle est un carré long ; on la voit en biais, de sorte qu'un de ses côtés forme le
   fond qui part du premier plan, à droite, et va au dernier plan, à gauche, faire angle
   avec la scène qu'on aperçoit en pan coupé.</p>
</set>

<set>

<set>
 <head>場景</head>
 <p>在一個秋高氣爽的下午，中正紀念堂前</p>
</set>

<set>

<set>
 <head>SCENE</head>
 <p>A Sub-Post Office on a late autumn evening</p>
</set>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<front>
 <prologue>
  <head>Prologue, spoken by <name>Mr. Hart</name>
  </head>
  <l>Poets like Cudgel'd Bullys, never do</l>
  <l>At first, or second blow, submit to you;</l>
  <l>But will provoke you still, and ne're have done,</l>
  <l>Till you are weary first, with laying on:</l>
  <l>We patiently you see, give up to you,</l>
  <l>Our Poets, Virgins, nay our Matrons too.</l>
 </prologue>
 <castList>
  <head>The Persons</head>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <head>The SCENE</head>
  <p>London</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name>
   and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage>Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <head>Prologue</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Le Prologue.</speaker>
  <p>Voilà. Ces personnages vont vous jouer l' histoire d' Antigone. Antigone, c' est la
     petite maigre qui est assise là-bas, et qui ne dit rien. Elle regarde droit devant
     elle. Elle pense. Elle pense qu' elle va être Antigone tout à l' heure, qu' elle va
     surgir soudain de la maigre jeune fille noiraude et renfermée que personne ne prenait
     au sérieux dans la famille et se dresser seule en face du monde, seule en face de
     Créon, son oncle, qui est le roi. Elle pense qu' elle va mourir, qu' elle est jeune et
     qu' elle aussi, elle aurait bien aimé vivre. Mais il n' y a rien à faire. Elle s'
     appelle Antigone et il va falloir qu' elle joue son rôle jusqu' au bout... </p>
 </sp>
</prologue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name> and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="triplet">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage type="business">Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Stances en forme d'épilogue. </head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Alidor.</speaker>
  <lg type="stances">
   <l>Que par cette retraite elle me favorise !</l>
   <l>Alors que mes desseins cedent à mes amours,</l>
   <l> Et qu'ils ne sçauroient plus defendre ma franchise</l>
   <l> Sa haine, et ses refus viennent à leur secours.</l>
   <l> J'avois beau la trahir, une secrette amorce</l>
   <l> R'allumoit dans mon coeur l'amour par la pitié,</l>
   <l> Mes feux en recevoient une nouvelle force,</l>
   <l> Et tousjours leur ardeur en croissoit de moitié.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>收場詩</head>
 <stage type="business">飾國王者向觀眾致辭</stage>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>袍笏登場本是虛，</l>
   <l>王侯卿相總堪嗤，</l>
   <l>但能博得觀眾喜，</l>
   <l>便是功成圓滿時。</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <head>friends of Mathias</head>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">The action takes place in and around the home surgery of
Dr Bero, lately returned from the wars.</stage>

<castList>

<div n="1">
 <head>T.N.P. 1963</head>
 <note place="foot" n="1">A la création au Festivai d'Avignon en juillet 1962, la
   distribution était légèrement différente : dans l'ordre ci-dessus : Hécube (Annie
   Monnier) ; Iris (Paule Noël) ; Hector (Daniel lvernel) ; Pâris (Jean-Louis Trintignant)
   ; Troïus (Bernard Laïk).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>MARIA MAUBAN </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE MINAZZOLLI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>ALINE BERTRAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>JUDITH MAGRE ANNE</castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>NOELLE VINCENT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CLAUDINE MAUGEY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>PIERRE VANECK</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>JEAN VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor> PASCAL MAZZOTTI </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>JEAN-FRANÇOIS REMY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>ROBERT ETCHEVERRY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARIO PILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>GEORGES GERET</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE AVRON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>MICHEL GONZALES</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>MAURICE COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>GEORGES RIQUIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN MONDAIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Bernard Laïk</actor>, <actor>Jean-Pierre Maurin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Christiane Oscar</actor>, <actor>Noëlle Vincent.</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Notables</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Daniel Ehrrnann</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Wawer</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Klein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean Dufau</actor>, <actor>Alain Deny</actor>, <actor>Jean-Jacques Leconte</actor>
    <actor>Richard Rein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
 </castList>
</div>
<div n="2">
 <head>Théâtre de la Ville 1971</head>
 <note place="foot" n="2">La pièce a été reprise au Théâtre de la Ville le 22 janvier 1971
   dans une nouvelle mise en scène de Jean Mercure, musique de Marc Wilkinson, scénographie
   et costumes Yannis Kokkos. Elle a été ensuite donnée à partir du 12 juillet dans le
   cadre du 25e Festival d'Avignon, et continuera sa carrière au Théâtre de la Ville à
   partir du 5 novembre 1971 (avec quelques modifications de distribution).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>FRANCINE BERGE </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>ANNIE DUPEREY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>LOUISE CONTE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>
   <actor>ANNE DOAT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>JANDELINE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>ISA MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE SELLAM </actor> ou<actor> VANINA VINITZKY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>JOSE-MARIA FLOTATS</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>MICHEL DE RE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor>MAURICE CHEVIT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>ANDRE VALTIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE MAURIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARCO-PERRIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>LAFLEUR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>BERNARD VERON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>ANGELO BARDI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE NORMAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>JEAN MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN-MARIE BON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>EUGENE BERTHIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
         Augier</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jacques Gaffuri</actor>, <actor>Georges Joannon</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castItem>
   <role>Suivant de Busiris</role>
   <actor>Charles Capezzali</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Un marin</role>
   <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</div>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊延輝</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>少年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>李少春</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>周信芳</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>譚富英</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>老年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>馬連良</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>鐵鏡公主</role>
  <roleDesc>遼國公主，嫁楊延輝為妻</roleDesc>
  <actor>梅蘭芳</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊家兄弟</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊延昭</role>
   <actor>馬盛龍</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊宗保</role>
   <actor>姜妙香</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>蕭太后</role>
  <roleDesc>遼景宗耶律賢的皇后</roleDesc>
  <actor>芙蓉草</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>四夫人</role>
  <actor>高玉倩</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>佘太君</role>
  <roleDesc>楊延輝的母親</roleDesc>
  <actor>馬富祿</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">場景交換於遼國廷內與飛虎峽宋營之間。</stage>

<castGroup>

<castGroup>
 <head>Messagers</head>
 <castItem>
  <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
</castGroup>
<castGroup>
 <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
 <castItem>
  <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
     Augier</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="scene" n="1">
  <head>Night—Faust's Study (i)</head>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="scene" n="2">
  <head>Outside the City Gate</head>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="act" n="1">
  <head>Act One</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <stage>Pa Ubu, Ma Ubu</stage>
   <sp>
    <speaker>Pa Ubu</speaker>
    <p>Pschitt!</p>
   </sp>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <stage>A room in Pa Ubu's house, where a magnificent
       collation is set out</stage>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="act" n="2">
  <head>Act Two</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <head>Scene One</head>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <head>Scene Two</head>
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<div type="act" n="2">
 <head>Act Two</head>
 <div type="scene" n="1">
  <head>Scene One</head>
 </div>
 <div type="scene" n="2">
  <head>Scene Two</head>
 </div>
</div>

7.2.3. Grouped Speeches

<spGrp type="number" n="3">
 <head>By Strauss : performed by Georges Guetary, Gene Kelly, and Oscar
   Levant</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>The waltzes of Mittel Europa </l>
   <l>They charm you and warm you within </l>
   <l>While each day discloses </l>
   <l>What Broadway composes </l>
   <l>Is emptiness pounding on tin.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp xml:lang="de">
  <speaker>JERRY MULLIGAN: ADAM COOK:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Mein Herr! </l>
   <l>Mein Herr!</l>
   <l>Bitte, bitte!</l>
   <l>Denke, danke!</l>
   <l>Aufwiedersehen! Aufwiedersehen!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>How can I be civil </l>
   <l>When hearing this drivel? </l>
   <l>It's only for night-clubbing souses. </l>
   <l>Oh give me the free 'n easy </l>
   <l>Waltz that is Viennes-y </l>
   <l>And go tell the band</l>
   <l>If they want a hand</l>
   <l>The waltz must be Strauss's</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>ALL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Ya ya ya </l>
   <l>Give me oom pah pah...</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
  <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
  <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <lg part="I">
   <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
   <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
   <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <lg part="M">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <lg part="F">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC <post>

<div type="thread" xml:id="i.10031_19">
 <head>[[WP:AUTO]]</head>
 <post indentLevel="0" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-07T03:09+00" who="#WU00010808" xml:id="cmc_post13">
  <p> I would kindly request from Mr. Meyer to allow others to edit the [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="1" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-08T03:49+00" who="#WU00010804" xml:id="cmc_post14">
  <p>I dont agree, this article is not about Dr. Meyer, [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="2" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-08T04:16+00" who="#WU00005520" xml:id="cmc_post15">
  <p>Why don't you read the policy. [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="3" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-11-01T22:58+00" who="#WU00010815" xml:id="cmc_post16">
  <p>Because the policy makes no sense, [...]</p>
 </post>
</div>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<body>
 <div>
  <head>English-French</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>dog</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>horse</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>French-English</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chien</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cheval</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
</body>

11. Manuscript Description

11.5. The Manuscript Heading

<head>Marsilius de Inghen, Abbreviata phisicorum Aristotelis; Italy,
1463.</head>

<msPart>

<msPart>
 <msIdentifier>
  <idno>A</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Becker</collection>
   <idno>48, Nr. 145</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Wiener Liste</collection>
   <idno>4°5</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <head>
  <title xml:lang="la">Gregorius: Homiliae in Ezechielem</title>
  <origPlace key="tgn_7008085">Weissenburg (?)</origPlace>
  <origDate notBefore="0801"
   notAfter="0815">IX. Jh., Anfang</origDate>
 </head>
</msPart>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

13. Critical Apparatus

<listApp>

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="Ellesmere">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
<!-- ... -->
 <listWit xml:id="Con">
  <head>Constant Group C</head>
  <witness xml:id="Cp">Corpus Christi Oxford MS 198</witness>
  <witness xml:id="La">British Library Lansdowne 851</witness>
  <witness xml:id="Sl2">British Library Sloane MS 1686</witness>
 </listWit>
</listWit>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<text>
 <body>
  <div n="WBP" type="prologue">
   <head>The Prologe of the Wyves Tale of Bathe</head>
   <l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
   <l>Were in this world ...</l>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="external"/>
<!-- ... -->
<div n="WBP" type="prologue">
 <head>The Prologe ... </head>
 <l n="1" xml:id="WBP.1">Experience<anchor xml:id="WBP-A2"/> though noon Auctoritee</l>
 <l>Were in this world ...</l>
</div>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<listOrg>

<listOrg>
 <head>Libyans</head>
 <org>
  <orgName>Adyrmachidae</orgName>
  <desc>These people have, in most points, the same customs as the Egyptians, but
     use the costume of the Libyans. Their women wear on each leg a ring made of
     bronze [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Nasamonians</orgName>
  <desc>In summer they leave their flocks and herds upon the sea-shore, and go up
     the country to a place called Augila, where they gather the dates from the
     palms [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Garamantians</orgName>
  <desc>[...] avoid all society or intercourse with their fellow-men, have no
     weapon of war, and do not know how to defend themselves. [...]</desc>
<!-- ... -->
 </org>
</listOrg>

<listEvent>

<listEvent>
 <head>Battles of the American Civil War: Kentucky</head>
 <event xml:id="event01" when="1861-09-19">
  <label>Barbourville</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Barbourville was one of the early engagements of
     the American Civil War. It occurred September 19, 1861, in Knox
     County, Kentucky during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate
     Offensive. The battle is considered the first Confederate victory in
     the commonwealth, and threw a scare into Federal commanders, who
     rushed troops to central Kentucky in an effort to repel the invasion,
     which was finally thwarted at the <ref target="#event02">Battle of
       Camp Wildcat</ref> in October.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event02" when="1861-10-21">
  <label>Camp Wild Cat</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Camp Wildcat (also known as Wildcat Mountain and Camp
     Wild Cat) was one of the early engagements of the American Civil
     War. It occurred October 21, 1861, in northern Laurel County, Kentucky
     during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate Offensive. The
     battle is considered one of the very first Union victories, and marked
     the first engagement of troops in the commonwealth of Kentucky.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event03" from="1864-06-11"
  to="1864-06-12">
  <label>Cynthiana</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Cynthiana (or Kellar’s Bridge) was an engagement
     during the American Civil War that was fought on June 11 and 12, 1864,
     in Harrison County, Kentucky, near the town of Cynthiana. A part of
     Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan's 1864 Raid into
     Kentucky, the battle resulted in a victory by Union forces over the
     raiders and saved the town from capture.</desc>
 </event>
</listEvent>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

<head> The Tryumphs of Peace.<lb/> That Celebrated the Solemnity of the right Honorable Sr Francis Iones Knight, at
his Inauguration into the Maioraltie of London, on Monday being the <date when-custom="1620-10-30"
  datingMethod="#Julian_England" calendar="#Julian_England"> 30. of October, 1620. </date>
</head>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table rend="boxed" rows="2" cols="2">
 <head rend="it">Report of the conduct and progress of Ernest
   Pontifex. Upper Vth form — half term ending Midsummer 1851</head>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Classics</cell>
  <cell>Idle listless and unimproving</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Mathematics</cell>
  <cell>ditto</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Divinity</cell>
  <cell>ditto</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Conduct in house</cell>
  <cell>Orderly</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">General conduct</cell>
  <cell>Not satisfactory, on account of his great unpunctuality and
     inattention to duties</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Poor Man's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell/>
  <cell>Dossing Cribs or Lodging Houses</cell>
  <cell>Beds</cell>
  <cell>Needys or Nightly Lodgers</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Bury St Edmund's</cell>
  <cell>5</cell>
  <cell>8</cell>
  <cell>128</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Thetford</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>6</cell>
  <cell>36</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Attleboro'</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>5</cell>
  <cell>20</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Wymondham</cell>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>11</cell>
  <cell>22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Wyoming</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>453,588</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Alaska</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>550,043</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Montana</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>799,065</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Rhode Island</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1,003,464</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Wyoming </cell>
  <cell role="pop">453,588 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Alaska </cell>
  <cell role="pop">550,043 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Montana </cell>
  <cell role="pop">799,065 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Rhode Island</cell>
  <cell role="pop">1,003,464</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>The Table of Battallions, reduced out of the grand square of
   men.</head>
 <row>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>2</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>4</cell>
 </row>
<!-- ... -->
 <row>
  <cell>841</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>289 289 256</cell>
  <cell>7</cell>
 </row>
 <trailer>The end of the Table of Battallions reduced out of the
   battels of g. and squares of men: vpon the right side of euery
   leafe.</trailer>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Poor Men's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell role="data"/>
  <cell role="data">Dossing Cribs or Lodging Houses</cell>
  <cell role="data">Beds</cell>
  <cell role="data">Needys or Nightly Lodgers</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Bury St Edmund's</cell>
  <cell role="data">5</cell>
  <cell role="data">8</cell>
  <cell role="data">128</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Thetford</cell>
  <cell role="data">3</cell>
  <cell role="data">6</cell>
  <cell role="data">36</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Attleboro'</cell>
  <cell role="data">3</cell>
  <cell role="data">5</cell>
  <cell role="data">20</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Wymondham</cell>
  <cell role="data">1</cell>
  <cell role="data">11</cell>
  <cell role="data">22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Persistance de la neige dans les Alpes suisses (Denzler). </head>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">A l'altitude de</cell>
  <cell role="data">650 m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">1300m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">1950m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">2700m.</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">la neige reste</cell>
  <cell role="data">77 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 200 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 245 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 365 jours.</cell>
 </row>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>台北飯店提供住房數目(2008年雙十國慶 )</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell role="data"/>
  <cell role="data">經濟客房</cell>
  <cell role="data">標準客房</cell>
  <cell role="data">高級客房</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">圓山大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">203</cell>
  <cell role="data">168</cell>
  <cell role="data">66</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">凱撒大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">216</cell>
  <cell role="data">140</cell>
  <cell role="data">32</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">喜來登大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">197</cell>
  <cell role="data">160</cell>
  <cell role="data">50</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">君悅大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">177</cell>
  <cell role="data">130</cell>
  <cell role="data">22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<div n="67">
 <p> We now give some examples, from the works of the great masters, of
   some of the most frequently used bowings. </p>
 <figure n="Ex. 3">
  <head>SCHUBERT: Symphony in B minor.</head>
  <notatedMusic>
   <ptr target="example_schubert.xml"/>
  </notatedMusic>
 </figure>
</div>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.pdf"/>
 <head>The View from the Bridge</head>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="pullman.png"/>
 <head>Above:</head>
 <p>The drawing room of the Pullman house, the white and gold saloon
   where the magnate delighted in giving receptions for several hundred
   people.</p>
 <figDesc>The figure shows an elaborately decorated room, at least
   twenty-five feet side to side and fifty feet long, with ornate
   mouldings and Corinthian columns on the walls, overstuffed armchairs
   and loveseats arranged in several conversational groupings, and two
   large chandeliers.</figDesc>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.jpg"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in
   the foreground, and a series of buoys strung out between
   them.</figDesc>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.example.org/fig1.png"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>La tour rouge, de Giorgio De Chirico</head>
 <figDesc>Le tableau représente un donjon au pied duquel s'étend un espace quasiment vide,
   hormis quelques détails</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.cineclubdecaen.com/cinepho/peint/dechericho/tourrouge.jpg"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>圖一: 橋上的視野</head>
 <figDesc>前景有四五隻風帆，中間一堆救生圈串連。</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.example.org/fig1.png"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figDesc>

<figure>
 <graphic url="emblem1.png"/>
 <head>Emblemi d'Amore</head>
 <figDesc>A pair of naked winged cupids, each holding a
   flaming torch, in a rural setting.</figDesc>
</figure>

<figDesc>

<figure>
 <graphic url="chap3fig2.png"/>
 <head>Dick Kennedy </head>
 <figDesc>Gravure de E. Riou représentant un jeune homme assis sur une chaise, les
   pieds sur une autre et tenant à la main une canne. En arrière plan, une théière, et
   l'inscription <q>Map of Africa</q> .</figDesc>
</figure>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

<div type="chap"
 xml:base="http://classics.mit.edu/">
 <head>On Ancient Persian Manners</head>
 <p>In the very first story of <ref target="Sadi/gulistan.2.i.html">
   <title>The Gulistan of
       Sa'di</title>
  </ref>,
   Sa'di relates moral advice worthy of Miss Minners ...</p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.2.2. Pointing Locally

<div type="section" xml:id="sect106">
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="section" n="107" xml:id="sect107">
 <head>Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use</head>
 <p>Notwithstanding the provisions of
 <ref target="#sect106">section 106</ref>, the fair use of a
   copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies
   or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section,
   for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting,
   teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use),
   scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.
   In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular
   case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall
   include — 
 <list rend="bulleted">
   <item n="(1)">the purpose and character of the use, including
       whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit
       educational purposes;</item>
   <item n="(2)">the nature of the copyrighted work;</item>
   <item n="(3)">the amount and substantiality of the portion
       used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole;
       and</item>
   <item n="(4)">the effect of the use upon the potential market
       for or value of the copyrighted work.</item>
  </list>
   The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a
   finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration
   of all the above factors.</p>
</div>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>The First Book of Moses, Called</head>
 <head type="main">Genesis</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <ab n="1">In the beginning God created the heaven and the
     earth.</ab>
  <ab n="2">And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness
  <hi>was</hi> upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God
     moved upon the face of the waters.</ab>
  <ab n="3">And God said, Let there be light: and there was
     light.</ab>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>Das Erste Buch Mose.</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <p>
   <seg n="1">Am Anfang schuff Gott Himel vnd Erden.</seg>
   <seg n="2">Vnd die Erde war wüst vnd leer / vnd es war
       finster auff der Tieffe / Vnd der Geist Gottes schwebet auff
       dem Wasser.</seg>
  </p>
  <p>
   <seg n="3">Vnd Gott sprach / Es werde Liecht / Vnd es ward
       Liecht.</seg>
  </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting"> A tempestuous noise of
     Thunder and Lightning heard:
     Enter a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall too't, yarely,
       or we run our selues a ground, bestirre, bestirre.
   <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare, yare:
       Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle: Blow
       till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<div xml:id="e98" xml:lang="en"
 type="lesson">
 <head>The Study</head>
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e9801">The Study</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9802">is a place</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9803">where a Student,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9804">a part from men,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9805">sitteth alone,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9806">addicted to his Studies,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9807">whilst he readeth</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9808">Books,</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="l98" xml:lang="la"
 type="lesson">
 <head>Muséum</head>
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="l9801">Museum</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9802">est locus</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9803">ubi Studiosus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9804">secretus ab hominibus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9805">solus sedet,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9806">Studiis deditus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9807">dum lectitat</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9808">Libros,</seg>
 </p>
</div>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<div xml:id="E98" xml:lang="en"
 type="lesson">
 <head>The Study</head>
 <ab>The Study</ab>
 <ab>is a place</ab>
 <ab>where a Student,</ab>
</div>
<div xml:id="L98" xml:lang="la"
 type="lesson">
 <head>Muséum</head>
 <ab>Museum</ab>
 <ab>est locus</ab>
 <ab>ubi Studiosus,</ab>
</div>

17.7. Aggregation

<list>
 <head>Authors</head>
 <item xml:id="a_uf">Figge, Udo </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ch">Heibach, Christiane </item>
 <item xml:id="a_gh">Heyer, Gerhard </item>
 <item xml:id="a_bp">Philipp, Bettina </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ms">Samiec, Monika </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ss">Schierholz, Stefan </item>
</list>
<join target="#a_ch #a_bp #a_ss"
 result="list">
 <desc>Authors from Heidelberg</desc>
</join>

17.9.3. Stand-off Markup in TEI

<text>
 <body>
  <head>1755</head>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

att.global.linking

<group>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t1" xml:lang="mi">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>He Whakamaramatanga mo te Ture Hoko, Riihi hoki, i nga Whenua Maori, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t2" xml:lang="en">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t2-body1"
   corresp="#t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>An Act to regulate the Sale, Letting, and Disposal of Native Lands, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</group>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

<s>

<head>
 <s>A short affair</s>
</head>
<s>When are you leaving?</s>
<s>Tomorrow.</s>

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions

<div>
 <head>Element and Attribute Descriptions</head>
 <p>Within the body of a document using this module, the following elements may be used to reference parts of the specification elements
   discussed in section <ptr target="#TDcrystals"/>, in particular the brief prose descriptions these provide for elements and attributes.
 <specList>
   <specDesc key="specList"/>
   <specDesc key="specDesc" atts="atts"/>
  </specList>
 </p>
 <p>TEI practice recommends that a <gi>specList</gi> listing the elements under … </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<egXML>

<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>
</egXML>

<div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>

23.2. Modules and Schemas

<div>
 <head>An overview of the imaginary module</head>
 <p>The imaginary module contains declarations for coloured things: <specGrpRef target="#RED"/>
  <specGrpRef target="#BLUE"/>
 </p>
</div>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<headLabel>

<headLabel> (heading for list labels) contains the heading for the label or term column in a glossary list or similar structured list. [3.8. Lists]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

core: list

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The headLabel element may appear only if each item in the list is preceded by a label.

Example

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element headLabel
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <headLabel> (heading for list labels)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <headLabel> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <headLabel> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.8. Lists

The simple, straightforward statement of an idea is
preferable to the use of a worn-out expression.
<list type="gloss">
 <headLabel>TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem>SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet </label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends </label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms </label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square </label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door </label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="fro">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulaire</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="fr">Ancien français</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="fr">Français moderne</headItem>
 <label>amerté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">amertume</item>
 <label>barquer</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire une barque</item>
 <label>biberon</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">goulot d'un vase.</item>
 <label>bugle</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">jeune boeuf</item>
 <label>cestui</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">celui-ci</item>
 <label>chaitiveté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">captivité</item>
 <label>duire</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire</item>
 <label>dangier</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">puissance, pouvoir</item>
 <label>sangler</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">singularis</item>
 <label>vespre </label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">tombée du jour (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Lexique de Godefroy</ref>
   <quote>de hautes vespres : tard dans la soirée.</quote>
  </cit>)</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="zh">
 <head xml:lang="zh">字彙</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="zh-CN">簡體中文</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="zh-TW">繁體中文</headItem>
 <label>尘</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">塵</item>
 <label>业</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">業</item>
 <label>处</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">處</item>
 <label>个</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">個</item>
 <label>与</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">與</item>
 <label>军队</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">軍隊</item>
 <label>疏远</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">疏遠</item>
 <label>后汉</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">後漢<cit>
   <ref>出師表</ref>
   <quote>亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是<term>后汉</term>所以倾覆衰败的原因</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>叹息</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">嘆息</item>
 <label>认为</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">認為</item>
 <label>诚实</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">誠實</item>
 <label>获得</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">獲得</item>
</list>

<headLabel>

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<headLabel>

Parlez-vous
anglosnob? Liste de quelques mots franglais et des propositions pour les remplacer : <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">Ne dites pas</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">Mais dites...</headItem>
 <label>abstract </label>
 <item> résumé, abrégé </item>
 <label>baby-boom </label>
 <item>printemps démographique </item>
 <label>carjacking </label>
 <item>dévoituration (comme défenestration), dévoiturage(comme cambriolage, braquage) </item>
 <label>bug </label>
 <item>erreur, défaut, insecte, ("bogue" est inutile) </item>
 <label>mixer</label>
 <item>mélanger (sauf si c'est avec un mixeur)</item>
</list>

<headItem>

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<headItem>

Parlez-vous
anglosnob? Liste de quelques mots franglais et des propositions pour les remplacer : : <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">Ne dites pas</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">Mais dites...</headItem>
 <label>abstract </label>
 <item> résumé, abrégé </item>
 <label>baby-boom </label>
 <item>printemps démographique </item>
 <label>carjacking </label>
 <item>dévoituration (comme défenestration), dévoiturage(comme cambriolage, braquage) </item>
 <label>bug </label>
 <item>erreur, défaut, insecte, ("bogue" est inutile) </item>
 <label>mixer</label>
 <item>mélanger (sauf si c'est avec un mixeur)</item>
</list>

<headItem>

經過五四運動，中國文學自文言文發展為白話文。 <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">文言文</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">白話文</headItem>
 <label>汝</label>
 <item> 你</item>
 <label>吾</label>
 <item>我</item>
 <label>彼</label>
 <item>他</item>
 <label>爾輩</label>
 <item>你們</item>
 <label>吾等</label>
 <item>我們</item>
</list>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<headItem>

<headItem> (heading for list items) contains the heading for the item or gloss column in a glossary list or similar structured list. [3.8. Lists]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

core: list

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The headItem element may appear only if each item in the list is preceded by a label.

Example

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element headItem
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <headItem> (heading for list items)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <headItem> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <headItem> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.8. Lists

The simple, straightforward statement of an idea is
preferable to the use of a worn-out expression.
<list type="gloss">
 <headLabel>TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem>SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet </label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends </label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms </label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square </label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door </label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="enm">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulary</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="en">Middle English</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="en">New English</headItem>
 <label>nu</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">now</item>
 <label>lhude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">loudly</item>
 <label>bloweth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">blooms</item>
 <label>med</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">meadow</item>
 <label>wude</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">wood</item>
 <label>awe</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">ewe</item>
 <label>lhouth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">lows</item>
 <label>sterteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">bounds, frisks (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Chaucer, K.T.644</ref>
   <quote>a courser, <term>sterting</term>as the fyr</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>verteth</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">pedit</item>
 <label>murie</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">merrily</item>
 <label>swik</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">cease</item>
 <label>naver</label>
 <item xml:lang="en">never</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="fro">
 <head xml:lang="en">Vocabulaire</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="fr">Ancien français</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="fr">Français moderne</headItem>
 <label>amerté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">amertume</item>
 <label>barquer</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire une barque</item>
 <label>biberon</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">goulot d'un vase.</item>
 <label>bugle</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">jeune boeuf</item>
 <label>cestui</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">celui-ci</item>
 <label>chaitiveté</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">captivité</item>
 <label>duire</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">conduire</item>
 <label>dangier</label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">puissance, pouvoir</item>
 <label>sangler</label>
 <item xml:lang="la">singularis</item>
 <label>vespre </label>
 <item xml:lang="fr">tombée du jour (cf. <cit>
   <ref>Lexique de Godefroy</ref>
   <quote>de hautes vespres : tard dans la soirée.</quote>
  </cit>)</item>
</list>

<label>

<list type="gloss" xml:lang="zh">
 <head xml:lang="zh">字彙</head>
 <headLabel xml:lang="zh-CN">簡體中文</headLabel>
 <headItem xml:lang="zh-TW">繁體中文</headItem>
 <label>尘</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">塵</item>
 <label>业</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">業</item>
 <label>处</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">處</item>
 <label>个</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">個</item>
 <label>与</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">與</item>
 <label>军队</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">軍隊</item>
 <label>疏远</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">疏遠</item>
 <label>后汉</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">後漢<cit>
   <ref>出師表</ref>
   <quote>亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是<term>后汉</term>所以倾覆衰败的原因</quote>
  </cit>
 </item>
 <label>叹息</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">嘆息</item>
 <label>认为</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">認為</item>
 <label>诚实</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">誠實</item>
 <label>获得</label>
 <item xml:lang="zh-TW">獲得</item>
</list>

<headLabel>

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<headLabel>

Parlez-vous
anglosnob? Liste de quelques mots franglais et des propositions pour les remplacer : <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">Ne dites pas</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">Mais dites...</headItem>
 <label>abstract </label>
 <item> résumé, abrégé </item>
 <label>baby-boom </label>
 <item>printemps démographique </item>
 <label>carjacking </label>
 <item>dévoituration (comme défenestration), dévoiturage(comme cambriolage, braquage) </item>
 <label>bug </label>
 <item>erreur, défaut, insecte, ("bogue" est inutile) </item>
 <label>mixer</label>
 <item>mélanger (sauf si c'est avec un mixeur)</item>
</list>

<headItem>

The simple, straightforward statement of an
idea is preferable to the use of a worn-out expression. <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">TRITE</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD</headItem>
 <label>bury the hatchet</label>
 <item>stop fighting, make peace</item>
 <label>at loose ends</label>
 <item>disorganized</item>
 <label>on speaking terms</label>
 <item>friendly</item>
 <label>fair and square</label>
 <item>completely honest</item>
 <label>at death's door</label>
 <item>near death</item>
</list>

<headItem>

Parlez-vous
anglosnob? Liste de quelques mots franglais et des propositions pour les remplacer : : <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">Ne dites pas</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">Mais dites...</headItem>
 <label>abstract </label>
 <item> résumé, abrégé </item>
 <label>baby-boom </label>
 <item>printemps démographique </item>
 <label>carjacking </label>
 <item>dévoituration (comme défenestration), dévoiturage(comme cambriolage, braquage) </item>
 <label>bug </label>
 <item>erreur, défaut, insecte, ("bogue" est inutile) </item>
 <label>mixer</label>
 <item>mélanger (sauf si c'est avec un mixeur)</item>
</list>

<headItem>

經過五四運動，中國文學自文言文發展為白話文。 <list type="gloss">
 <headLabel rend="smallcaps">文言文</headLabel>
 <headItem rend="smallcaps">白話文</headItem>
 <label>汝</label>
 <item> 你</item>
 <label>吾</label>
 <item>我</item>
 <label>彼</label>
 <item>他</item>
 <label>爾輩</label>
 <item>你們</item>
 <label>吾等</label>
 <item>我們</item>
</list>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<note>

<note> (note) contains a note or annotation. [3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation 2.2.6. The Notes Statement 3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language 10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.anchoring

@anchored

@targetEnd

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.placement

@place

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.annotationLike model.annotationPart.body model.correspActionPart model.correspContextPart model.correspDescPart model.noteLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope biblStruct cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned monogr name note noteGrp num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp respStmt rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

gaiji: char glyph

header: authority change classCode correspAction correspContext correspDesc distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence notesStmt principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab annotation listAnnotation seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions adminInfo altIdentifier catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem msItemStruct musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc climate country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality object objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona place placeName population region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus state surname terrain trait

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: app lem rdg rdgGrp wit witDetail witness

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metDecl metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

In the following example, the translator has supplied a footnote containing an explanation of the term translated as "painterly":

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

For this example to be valid, the code MDMH must be defined elsewhere, for example by means of a responsibility statement in the associated TEI header.

Example

The global n attribute may be used to supply the symbol or number used to mark the note's point of attachment in the source text, as in the following example:

Mevorakh b. Saadya's mother, the matriarch of the
family during the second half of the eleventh century, <note n="126" anchored="true"> The
alleged mention of Judah Nagid's mother in a letter from 1071 is, in fact, a reference to
Judah's children; cf. above, nn. 111 and 54. </note> is well known from Geniza documents
published by Jacob Mann.

Show all ⚓︎

However, if notes are numbered in sequence and their numbering can be reconstructed automatically by processing software, it may well be considered unnecessary to record the note numbers.

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element note
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.anchoring.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <note> (note)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <note> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <note> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.anchoring

<p>(...) tamen reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
necnon episcopum in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus<anchor xml:id="A55234"/> totaliter expediui...</p>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<noteGrp targetEnd="#A55234">
 <note xml:lang="en"> Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days.
 </note>
 <note xml:lang="pl"> Quatuor Tempora, tzw. Suche dni postne.
 </note>
</noteGrp>

att.placement

<note place="bottom">Ibid, p.7</note>

2. The TEI Header

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.6. The Notes Statement

<notesStmt>
 <note>Historical commentary provided by Mark Cohen.</note>
 <note>OCR scanning done at University of Toronto.</note>
</notesStmt>

<notesStmt>

<notesStmt>
 <note>Historical commentary provided by Mark Cohen</note>
 <note>OCR scanning done at University of Toronto</note>
</notesStmt>

<notesStmt>

<notesStmt>
 <note>Les photographies, héliogravures et cartes postales colorisées signées Lehnert
   &amp; Landrock, de techniques novatrices, sont réellement des œuvres d'art ; elles
   apportent en outre une documentation considérable sur la Tunisie du début du XXe
   siècle.</note>
</notesStmt>

<notesStmt>

<notesStmt>
 <note>歷史評論由馬克．可漢提共</note>
 <note>OCR光學辨識掃描於多倫多大學</note>
</notesStmt>

2.6. The Revision Description

<!-- ... --><revisionDesc>
 <change n="RCS:1.39" when="2007-08-08"
  who="#jwernimo.lrv">Changed <val>drama.verse</val>
  <gi>lg</gi>s to <gi>p</gi>s. <note>we have opened a discussion about the need for a new
     value for <att>type</att> of <gi>lg</gi>, <val>drama.free.verse</val>, in order to address
     the verse of Behn which is not in regular iambic pentameter. For the time being these
     instances are marked with a comment note until we are able to fully consider the best way
     to encode these instances.</note>
 </change>
 <change n="RCS:1.33" when="2007-06-28"
  who="#pcaton.xzc">Added <att>key</att> and <att>reg</att>
   to <gi>name</gi>s.</change>
 <change n="RCS:1.31" when="2006-12-04"
  who="#wgui.ner">Completed renovation. Validated.</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<p>...
The complete XPointer specification is managed by the W3C<note place="foot">
  <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-framework/"/>,
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-element/"/>,
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xmlns/"/>, and
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xpointer/"/>
 </note>;
for a discussion of TEI schemes for XPointer, see
<ptr target="#eSATS"/>.</p>
<!--... -->
<div xml:id="eSATS">
<!--... -->
</div>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

annotated text <ref target="#a51" type="noteAnchor">⁵¹</ref>
<!-- ... -->
<note xml:id="a51" type="footnote">text of annotation</note>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
<l>And from my neck so free</l>
<l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
<l>Like lead into the sea.
<note type="gloss" place="margin">The spell begins to break</note>
</l>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<lg>
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
 <note type="gloss" place="margin">The spell begins to break</note>
</lg>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

Collections are ensembles of
distinct entities or objects of any sort.<note n="1" place="bottom">We
explain below why we use the uncommon term
<mentioned>collection</mentioned> instead of the expected
<mentioned>set</mentioned>. Our usage corresponds to the
<mentioned>aggregate</mentioned> of many mathematical writings and to
the sense of <mentioned>class</mentioned> found in older logical
writings.</note> The elements ...

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray;
 <note place="margin" resp="#STC"
   type="gloss">The spell begins to break</note>
  <note place="bottom" resp="#JLL">The turning point of the poem...</note>
 </l>
</lg>

3.9.1.1. Encoding Grouped Notes

<p>... reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus
<noteGrp>
  <note type="short">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days.</note>
  <note type="full">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days (Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday)
     falling on each of the quarters of the year. In the first quarter they were called Cinerum
     (following Ash Wednesday), second Spiritus (following Pentecost), third Crucis
     (after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, September 14th), and Luciae
     in the fourth (after the feast of St. Lucia, December 13th).
  </note>
 </noteGrp>
totaliter expediui.
</p>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH-1">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH-1">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

<note>

<p>J'écris dans la<lb/> marge...<lb/> Je vais<lb/> à la ligne.<lb/> Je renvoie à une
note<note type="gloss" place="foot"> J'aime beaucoup les renvois en bas de page, même si
   je n'ai rien de particulier à y préciser.</note>en bas de page.</p>

<note>

爾時王園精舍有比丘尼，名曰毘梨<note type="gloss">毘梨，秦言雄也。</note>時彼國人一切共為俱蜜頭星會

<note>

此片的膠片已不存在，但《明星月報》刊登的艾霞電影腳本大綱，仍可供我們咀嚼艾霞的創作旨趣。<note n="35" anchored="true"> 此時電影很少有完整的腳本，多是類似早期新劇的「幕表」
，也就是大綱，因為是默片，台詞也很簡單，主要依靠導演指示，演員臨場作戲。</note>從她的文字風格語主題特色裡，...

<note>

Mevorakh b. Saadya's mother, the matriarch of the
family during the second half of the eleventh century, <note n="126" anchored="true"> The
alleged mention of Judah Nagid's mother in a letter from 1071 is, in fact, a reference to
Judah's children; cf. above, nn. 111 and 54. </note> is well known from Geniza documents
published by Jacob Mann.

<note>

Mevorakh b. Saadya's mother, the matriarch of the
family during the second half of the eleventh century, <note n="126" anchored="true"> The
alleged mention of Judah Nagid's mother in a letter from 1071 is, in fact, a reference to
Judah's children; cf. above, nn. 111 and 54. </note> is well known from Geniza documents
published by Jacob Mann.

<note>

Mevorakh b. Saadya's
mother, the matriarch of the family during the second half of the
eleventh century, <note n="126" anchored="true"> The alleged
mention of Judah Nagid's mother in a letter from 1071 is, in fact,
a reference to Judah's children; cf. above, nn. 111 and
54. </note> is well known from Geniza documents published by Jacob
Mann.

<noteGrp>

<p>(...) tamen reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
necnon episcopum in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus
<noteGrp>
  <note xml:lang="en">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days (Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday)
     falling on each of the quarters of the year. In the first quarter they were called Cinerum
     (following Ash Wednesday), second Spiritus (following Pentecost), third Crucis
     (after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, September 14th), and Luciae
     in the fourth (after the feast of St. Lucia, December 13th).
  </note>
  <note xml:lang="pl">Quatuor Tempora, tzw. Suche dni postne (środa, piątek i sobota)
     przypadające cztery razy w roku. W pierwszym kwartale zwały się Cinerum
     (po Popielcu), w drugim Spiritus (po Zielonych Świętach), w trzecim Crucis
     (po święcie Podwyższenia Krzyża 14 września), w czwartym Luciae
     (po dniu św. Łucji 13 grudnia).
  </note>
 </noteGrp>
totaliter expediui.
</p>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language

<bibl>
 <author>Coombs, James H., Allen H. Renear,
   and Steven J. DeRose.</author>
 <title level="a">Markup Systems and the Future of Scholarly
   Text Processing.</title>
 <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
 <biblScope>30.11 (November 1987): 933–947.</biblScope>
 <note>Classic polemic supporting descriptive over procedural
   markup in scholarly work.</note>
</bibl>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<sp>
 <speaker>Prospero</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I'll deliver all,</l>
 <l>And promise you calm seas, auspicious gales,</l>
 <l>Be free and fare thou well. <stage type="exit">Exit Ariel</stage>
   Please you, draw near. <stage type="exit">Exeunt all but Prospero</stage>
  <note place="margin">Epilogue</note>
 </l>
 <l>Now my charms are all o'erthrown,</l>
 <l>And what strength I have's mine own</l>
 <l>As you from crimes would pardoned be,</l>
 <l>Let your indulgence set me free.</l>
</sp>
<stage type="mix">He awaits applause, then exit.</stage>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

<castList>

<div n="1">
 <head>T.N.P. 1963</head>
 <note place="foot" n="1">A la création au Festivai d'Avignon en juillet 1962, la
   distribution était légèrement différente : dans l'ordre ci-dessus : Hécube (Annie
   Monnier) ; Iris (Paule Noël) ; Hector (Daniel lvernel) ; Pâris (Jean-Louis Trintignant)
   ; Troïus (Bernard Laïk).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>MARIA MAUBAN </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE MINAZZOLLI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>ALINE BERTRAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>JUDITH MAGRE ANNE</castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>NOELLE VINCENT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CLAUDINE MAUGEY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>PIERRE VANECK</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>JEAN VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor> PASCAL MAZZOTTI </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>JEAN-FRANÇOIS REMY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>ROBERT ETCHEVERRY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARIO PILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>GEORGES GERET</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE AVRON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>MICHEL GONZALES</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>MAURICE COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>GEORGES RIQUIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN MONDAIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Bernard Laïk</actor>, <actor>Jean-Pierre Maurin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Christiane Oscar</actor>, <actor>Noëlle Vincent.</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Notables</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Daniel Ehrrnann</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Wawer</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Klein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean Dufau</actor>, <actor>Alain Deny</actor>, <actor>Jean-Jacques Leconte</actor>
    <actor>Richard Rein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
 </castList>
</div>
<div n="2">
 <head>Théâtre de la Ville 1971</head>
 <note place="foot" n="2">La pièce a été reprise au Théâtre de la Ville le 22 janvier 1971
   dans une nouvelle mise en scène de Jean Mercure, musique de Marc Wilkinson, scénographie
   et costumes Yannis Kokkos. Elle a été ensuite donnée à partir du 12 juillet dans le
   cadre du 25e Festival d'Avignon, et continuera sa carrière au Théâtre de la Ville à
   partir du 5 novembre 1971 (avec quelques modifications de distribution).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>FRANCINE BERGE </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>ANNIE DUPEREY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>LOUISE CONTE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>
   <actor>ANNE DOAT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>JANDELINE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>ISA MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE SELLAM </actor> ou<actor> VANINA VINITZKY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>JOSE-MARIA FLOTATS</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>MICHEL DE RE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor>MAURICE CHEVIT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>ANDRE VALTIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE MAURIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARCO-PERRIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>LAFLEUR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>BERNARD VERON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>ANGELO BARDI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE NORMAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>JEAN MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN-MARIE BON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>EUGENE BERTHIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
         Augier</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jacques Gaffuri</actor>, <actor>Georges Joannon</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castItem>
   <role>Suivant de Busiris</role>
   <actor>Charles Capezzali</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Un marin</role>
   <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</div>

<caption>

<view>
 <camera>Plongée générale de la cage d'escalier (en colimaçon)</camera>. Deux lycéens,
Eric et Serge, âgés de 16 ans, en manteaux noirs, montent. <camera>En surimpression sur
   cette image, passent successivement trois cartons de générique</camera>
 <note place="foot"> Le générique complet se déroule à la fin du film</note>. <sound>Reprise de
   la musique leitmotiv. Coup de sonnette.</sound>
 <caption> 1er carton : UN FILS UNIQUE</caption>
 <caption>2e carton : UN FILM de MICHEL POLAC</caption>
 <caption> 3e carton : IMAGES ERIC DALMAT</caption>
</view>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

8.4.4. Prosody

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

10. Dictionaries

10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries

<entry>
 <form type="contraction">
  <orth>neither</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈnaɪðə</pron>,
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈni:ðə</pron>
 </form>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>neither foot is swollen</quote>
 </cit>
 <note type="usage">A verb following a compound subject
   that uses <hi rend="italic">neither</hi>… should be
   in the singular if both subjects are in the singular:
 <hi rend="italic">neither Jack nor John has done the work</hi>
 </note>
</entry>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<locusGrp>

<msItem>
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="13" to="26">Bl. 13--26</locus>
  <locus from="37" to="58">37--58</locus>
  <locus from="82" to="96">82--96</locus>
 </locusGrp>
 <note>Stücke von Daniel Ecklin’s Reise ins h. Land</note>
</msItem>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>France</country>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
 <idno>B- 73</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>B-121</idno>
  <note> Cote de la bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe siècle (inscrite à l'encre, sur la
     doublure de tabis).</note>
 </altIdentifier>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>Double de B. 274. A (Réserve)</idno>
  <note>Cote inscrite face à la page de titre, en remplacement de la cote "1541",
     barrée</note>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <idno>B 106</idno>
 <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe siècle.</note>
</altIdentifier>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r -7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v -8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="fr">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v -11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation
     throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r-7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v-8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="frm">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v-11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.9.2. Surrogates

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (master)</title>
  <idno>G.neg. 160</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (archive)</title>
  <idno>G.pos. 186</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 795 4to</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-27">27 January 1999</date>
  <note>copy of G.pos.
     186</note>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>reg.nr. 75</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-25">25 January 1999</date>
  <note>photographs of the spine, outside covers, stitching etc.</note>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<note target="#exp01">The stroke added to
the final d could signify the plural ending (-es, -is, -ys>) but the
singular <hi rend="it">goode</hi> was used with the meaning <q>property</q>,
<q>wealth</q>, at this time (v. examples quoted in OED, sb. Good, C. 7, b,
c, d and 8 spec.)</note>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

Telle me also, to what conclusioun Were
membres maad, of generacioun And of so parfit wis a <choice xml:id="corr117">
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr>wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?
<!-- ... -->
<note target="#corr117">This emendation of the Hengwrt copy text, based on a Latin
source and on the reading of three late and usually unauthoritative
manuscripts, was proposed by E. Talbot Donaldson in
<bibl>
  <title>Speculum</title> 40 (1965) 626–33.</bibl>
</note>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<note target="#sic-1 #sic-2">Substitution of a more familiar word which resembles
graphically what the scribe should be copying but which does not make sense in
the context.</note>

<secl>

<rdg source="#Pescani">
 <secl>
  <l n="15" xml:id="l15">Alphesiboea suos ulta est pro coniuge fratres,</l>
  <l n="16" xml:id="l16">sanguinis et cari vincula rupit amor.</l>
 </secl>
</rdg>
<note>secl. Pescani</note>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app>

<app loc="1-6">
 <note>Too badly worn to yield a text</note>
</app>

<app>

<choice xml:id="choice3">
 <reg>σύμπαντα</reg>
 <orig>ΣΙΝΠΑΤΑΝ</orig>
</choice>
<!-- ... -->
<app from="#choice3">
 <note>Mommsen's fanciful normalization, reproduced here, has not been accepted by all recent editions</note>
</app>

13.1.2. Readings

<l n="2207a">syððan <app>
  <lem>Beowulfe</lem>
  <note source="#Kl">Fol. 179a <mentioned>beowulfe</mentioned>.
     Folio 179, with the last page (Fol. 198b), is the worst part of the
     entire MS. It has been freshened up by a later hand, but not always
     correctly. Information on doubtful readings is in the notes of
     Zupitza and Chambers.</note>
 </app>
</l>
<l n="2207b">brade rice</l>

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfecti<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="f105" source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="r105" source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>
<!-- ... <note> appearing elsewhere in the document ... -->
<note target="#r105 #f105">Furnivall's expansion implies that the bar
is an abbreviation for 'u'. There are no certain instances of
this mark as an abbreviation for 'u' in these manuscripts and it is
widely used as an abbreviation for 'n'. Ruggiers' expansion is to
be accepted.</note>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="app-rdg-Housman-l25-26"
 exclude="#app-lem-l25-l26">
 <rdg xml:id="d1e603" source="#Housman">
  <l copyOf="#l25"/>
  <l copyOf="#l26"/>
 </rdg>
 <note target="#d1e603">Housman put these lines after 32.</note>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="d1e275">
 <lem xml:id="d1e277" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="8">
   <app xml:id="d1e280">
    <lem xml:id="d1e281" wit="#N #Λ">ut</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e283" wit="#A">et</rdg>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e285" source="#Nodell">ac</rdg>
    <note target="#d1e287">perhaps</note>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e287" source="#Heyworth"
     cert="low">quam</rdg>
   </app> formosa nouo quae parat ire uiro.</l>
  <l n="9">
   <app xml:id="d1e294">
    <lem xml:id="d1e295">at</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e297" wit="#A">et</rdg>
   </app> non sic, Ithaci digressu <app xml:id="d1e300">
    <lem xml:id="d1e301">mota</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e303" source="#Graevius">immota</rdg>
   </app>, Calypso</l>
  <l n="10">desertis olim fleuerat aequoribus:</l>
  <l n="11">multos illa dies incomptis maesta capillis</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e314" wit="#C"
  cause="homoeoteleuton"/>
 <note target="#d1e314">omits lines 8-11 because of homoeoteleuton.</note>
</app>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.1. Basic Principles

<place xml:id="Rome">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>41.891775 12.486137</geo>
 </location>
 <idno type="Pleiades">423025</idno>
 <note>capital of the Roman Empire</note>
</place>

14.3.2. The Person Element

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>Miss Major</forename>
  <surname>Griffin-Gracy</surname>
 </persName>
 <birth when="1940-10-25"/>
 <gender value="transWoman"
  evidence="selfIdentification">trans woman</gender>
 <persPronouns value="she"
  evidence="selfIdentification"/>
 <note>
  <p>Veteran of the Stonewall Riots. Founder of the
     Griffin-Gracy Educational Retreat and Historical
     Center (the House of GG). Activist and advocate for
     transgender and gender-nonconforming people of
     color.</p>
 </note>
</person>

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<person>

<person xml:id="ariel" gender="U">
 <persName>Ariel</persName>
 <note>Character in <title level="m">The Tempest</title>.</note>
</person>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,</l>
<l>
 <note type="imitation" place="bottom">
  <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
   <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
  </quote>
 </note>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,
</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,
<ptr rend="unmarked" target="#note3.284"/>
</l>
<l>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>
<note xml:id="note3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
 </quote>
</note>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note type="imitation" place="bottom"
 target="#L3.284">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note xml:id="n3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>
<link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note type="imitation" place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" xml:id="r3.284"
  target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
<!-- ... -->
</note>
<!-- ... -->
<link target="#r3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.3. Groups of Links

<l xml:id="L2.79">A place there is, betwixt earth, air and seas</l>
<l xml:id="L2.80">Where from Ambrosia, Jove retires for ease.</l>
<!-- ... -->
<l xml:id="L2.88">Sign'd with that Ichor which from Gods distills.</l>
<!-- ... -->
<note xml:id="n2.79" place="bottom"
 anchored="false">
 <bibl>Ovid Met. 12.</bibl>
 <quote xml:lang="la">
  <l>Orbe locus media est, inter terrasq; fretumq;</l>
  <l>Cœlestesq; plagas —</l>
 </quote>
</note>
<note xml:id="n2.88" place="bottom"
 anchored="false"> Alludes to <bibl>Homer, Iliad 5</bibl> ...
</note>

<listAnnotation>

<standOff>
 <listAnnotation>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="margin"
   resp="#STC" type="gloss"> The spell begins to
     break </note>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="bottom"
   resp="#JLL"> The turning point of the poem...
  </note>
 </listAnnotation>
</standOff>
<!-- ... -->
<lg xml:id="RotAM.4.15" rhyme="ABCB">
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray;</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
</lg>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

<annotation>

<annotation xml:id="TheCorrectTitle"
 motivation="commenting" target="#line1">
 <note>The correct title of this specification, and the correct full name of XML, is
   "Extensible Markup Language". "eXtensible Markup Language" is just a spelling error.
   However, the abbreviation "XML" is not only correct but, appearing as it does in the title
   of the specification, an official name of the Extensible Markup Language. </note>
</annotation>

att.global.linking

<!-- In a placeography called "places.xml" --><place xml:id="LOND1"
 corresp="people.xml#LOND2 people.xml#GENI1">
 <placeName>London</placeName>
 <desc>The city of London...</desc>
</place>
<!-- In a literary personography called "people.xml" -->
<person xml:id="LOND2"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #GENI1">
 <persName type="lit">London</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Allegorical character representing the city of <placeName ref="places.xml#LOND1">London</placeName>.</p>
 </note>
</person>
<person xml:id="GENI1"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #LOND2">
 <persName type="lit">London’s Genius</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Personification of London’s genius. Appears as an
     allegorical character in mayoral shows.
  </p>
 </note>
</person>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName>Essex</placeName>. She had always liked <placeName>Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM">It is not
clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. -MSM</note>

22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName xml:id="CE-p1a">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-p1b">Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM"
 target="#CE-p1a #CE-p1b">It
is not clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. If the latter,
it should be tagged as a personal name. -<name xml:id="MSM">Michael</name>
</note>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<noteGrp>

<noteGrp> (note group) contains a group of notes. [3.9.1.1. Encoding Grouped Notes]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.anchoring

@anchored

@targetEnd

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.placement

@place

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.correspActionPart model.correspContextPart model.correspDescPart model.noteLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope biblStruct cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned monogr name note noteGrp num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

gaiji: char glyph

header: authority change classCode correspAction correspContext correspDesc distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence notesStmt principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions adminInfo catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem msItemStruct musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc climate country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality object objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona place placeName population region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus state surname terrain trait

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: app lem rdg rdgGrp wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metDecl metSym rhyme

May contain

core: desc note noteGrp

Example

In the following example, there are two notes in different languages, each specifying the content of the annotation relating to the same fragment of text:

<p>(...) tamen reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
necnon episcopum in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus
<noteGrp>
  <note xml:lang="en">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days (Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday)
     falling on each of the quarters of the year. In the first quarter they were called Cinerum
     (following Ash Wednesday), second Spiritus (following Pentecost), third Crucis
     (after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, September 14th), and Luciae
     in the fourth (after the feast of St. Lucia, December 13th).
  </note>
  <note xml:lang="pl">Quatuor Tempora, tzw. Suche dni postne (środa, piątek i sobota)
     przypadające cztery razy w roku. W pierwszym kwartale zwały się Cinerum
     (po Popielcu), w drugim Spiritus (po Zielonych Świętach), w trzecim Crucis
     (po święcie Podwyższenia Krzyża 14 września), w czwartym Luciae
     (po dniu św. Łucji 13 grudnia).
  </note>
 </noteGrp>
totaliter expediui.
</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="note"/>
   <elementRef key="noteGrp"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element noteGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.anchoring.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   ( desc*, ( note | noteGrp )+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <noteGrp> (note group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <noteGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <noteGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.anchoring

<p>(...) tamen reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
necnon episcopum in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus<anchor xml:id="A55234"/> totaliter expediui...</p>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<noteGrp targetEnd="#A55234">
 <note xml:lang="en"> Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days.
 </note>
 <note xml:lang="pl"> Quatuor Tempora, tzw. Suche dni postne.
 </note>
</noteGrp>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.9.1.1. Encoding Grouped Notes

<p>... reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus
<noteGrp>
  <note type="short">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days.</note>
  <note type="full">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days (Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday)
     falling on each of the quarters of the year. In the first quarter they were called Cinerum
     (following Ash Wednesday), second Spiritus (following Pentecost), third Crucis
     (after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, September 14th), and Luciae
     in the fourth (after the feast of St. Lucia, December 13th).
  </note>
 </noteGrp>
totaliter expediui.
</p>

<noteGrp>

<p>(...) tamen reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
necnon episcopum in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus
<noteGrp>
  <note xml:lang="en">Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days (Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday)
     falling on each of the quarters of the year. In the first quarter they were called Cinerum
     (following Ash Wednesday), second Spiritus (following Pentecost), third Crucis
     (after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, September 14th), and Luciae
     in the fourth (after the feast of St. Lucia, December 13th).
  </note>
  <note xml:lang="pl">Quatuor Tempora, tzw. Suche dni postne (środa, piątek i sobota)
     przypadające cztery razy w roku. W pierwszym kwartale zwały się Cinerum
     (po Popielcu), w drugim Spiritus (po Zielonych Świętach), w trzecim Crucis
     (po święcie Podwyższenia Krzyża 14 września), w czwartym Luciae
     (po dniu św. Łucji 13 grudnia).
  </note>
 </noteGrp>
totaliter expediui.
</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<index>

<index> (index entry) marks a location to be indexed for whatever purpose. [3.9.2. Index Entries]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.spanning

@spanTo

indexName indexName⚓︎
a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name (see https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#dt-name), supplying a name to specify which index (of several) the index entry belongs to.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.name

Note

This attribute makes it possible to create multiple indexes for a text.

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint index item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: index term

Example

David's other principal backer, Josiah ha-Kohen
<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>Josiah ha-Kohen b. Azarya</term>
</index> b. Azarya, son of one of the last gaons of Sura <index indexName="PLACES">
 <term>Sura</term>
</index> was David's own first cousin.

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="term"/>
  <elementRef key="index" minOccurs="0"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element index
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   attribute indexName { teidata.name }?,
   ( ( term, index? )* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <index> (index entry)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <index> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <index> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.sortable

David's other principal backer, Josiah
ha-Kohen <index indexName="NAMES">
 <term sortKey="Azarya_Josiah_Kohen">Josiah ha-Kohen b. Azarya</term>
</index> b. Azarya, son of one of the last gaons of Sura was David's own first
cousin.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<term>

蜀漢後主<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term sortKey="LIU_CHAN">劉禪</term>
</index> ，初名斗，字升之，後改名禪，字<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term sortKey="LIU_CHAN">公嗣</term>
</index>，蜀漢昭烈帝劉備之子，蜀漢末代皇帝，也是漢朝末代皇帝。

3.6.1. Referring Strings

<p>
 <name type="place">Montaillou</name> is not a large parish.
At the time of the events which led to
<name type="person">Fournier<index>
   <term>Benedict XII, Pope of Avignon (Jacques Fournier)</term>
  </index>
 </name>'s
investigations, the local population consisted of between 200 and 250 inhabitants.
</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>The students understand procedures for Arabic lemmatisation
<index>
  <term>Lemmatization, Arabic</term>
 </index>and are beginning to build parsers.</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>We now turn to the
topic of Arabic lemmatisation
<index spanTo="#ALAMEND">
  <term>Lemmatization, Arabic</term>
 </index> concerning which it is important to note [...]

<!-- much learned material omitted here -->
and now we can build our parser.<anchor xml:id="ALAMEND"/>
</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>The @ operator
<index>
  <term sortKey="0000">@</term>
 </index> precedes an
attribute name</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<char xml:id="PrinceGlyph">
<!-- definition of the glyph here -->
</char>
<p>The Artist formerly known as Prince <index>
  <term sortKey="Prince">
   <g ref="#PrinceGlyph"/>
  </term>
 </index>...</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>Sir John Ashford
<index indexName="INDEX-PERSONS">
  <term>Ashford, John</term>
 </index> was,
coincidentally, born in
<index indexName="INDEX-PLACES">
  <term>Ashford
     (Kent)</term>
 </index>Ashford...</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>The students understand procedures for Arabic lemmatisation
<index>
  <term>lemmatization</term>
  <index>
   <term>arabic</term>
  </index>
 </index>
...</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<index>
 <term>Women</term>
 <index>
  <term>how cause of mel.</term>
 </index>
</index>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<index>
 <term>Women</term>
 <index>
  <term>their vices</term>
 </index>
</index>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<index>
 <term>Women</term>
 <index>
  <term>their vices</term>
  <index>
   <term>commended</term>
  </index>
 </index>
</index>

<index>

David's other principal backer, Josiah ha-Kohen
<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>Josiah ha-Kohen b. Azarya</term>
</index> b. Azarya, son of one of the last gaons of Sura <index indexName="PLACES">
 <term>Sura</term>
</index> was David's own first cousin.

<index>

Ils [les
onagres] me venaient de mon grand-père maternel, l'empereur Saharil, fils d'Iakhschab, fils d'Iaarab, fils de Kastan <index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>Saharil</term>
</index>
<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>Iaarab</term>
</index>
<index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>Kastan</term>
</index>

<index>

道家思想的主要代表家為老子。 <index indexName="NAMES">
 <term>老子</term>
</index>姓李名耳，字伯陽，有人說又稱老聃。在傳說中，老子一生下來時，就具有白色的眉毛及鬍子，所以被後來稱為老子。相傳生活在春秋時期。<index indexName="eras">
 <term>春秋時期</term>
</index> 著有《道德經》，是中國古代著名思想家。

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<material>

<p>
 <index indexName="typo_decor">
  <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
 </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé
</p>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Décor mosaïqué, avec formes géométriques à répétition</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> citron</p>
  <decoNote type="plats">à décor mosaïqué dit à répétition, dont l’effet de dallage est
     obtenu par des pièces polylobées de maroquin noir, ornée chacune d’une composition de
     petits fers plein or, cantonnées de petits disques de maroquin rouge ponctué chacun
     d’un cercle plein or, le tout serti de filets dorés courbes.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 5 nerfs à décor analogue (pièce polylobée de maroquin noir
     avec composition identique, cantonnée de quatre disques rouges, ponctués du même
     cercle plein or) ; filets dorés sur les nerfs ; pièce de titre rouge dans le 2e
     caisson, soulignée de deux lignes de points dorés identiques à celle portée en tête et
     queue du dos, sur une bande de maroquin noir.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples droites, tricolores (noir, bleu et
     rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes dorées, proposant en alternance un filet simple et une
     succession de traits obliques.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes">Signet de soie rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées sur marbrure à motif caillouté, dans les tons
     bleu et rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées d’une roulette à motif de zigzag.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier plein or et gardes blanches (1 + 1), sans
     filigrane.<watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition/>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>
  <index indexName="typo_reliure">
   <term>Reliure à la grecque, sur ais</term>
  </index>
  <index indexName="typo_decor">
   <term>Décor de rinceaux</term>
  </index> Reliure à la grecque en <material>maroquin</material> orange</p>
 <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes de Henri II dorées sur une pièce de maroquin olive
   découpée à la forme exacte des armes (104 mm), mosaïquée dans un rectangle central aux
   angles orné d'un léger motif de rinceaux peints en noir, le tout encadré d'une large
   bordure mosaïquée de maroquin rouge, à plein décor de rinceaux dorés (incluant un
   croissant dans les angles) dessinés en réserve sur un fond pointillé doré.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Au plat supérieur, titre <q>i • schonerii • opera •</q> doré
   au-dessus du bloc armorial.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos long à décor analogue avec pièces losangées de maroquin rouge et
   brun mosaïquées, respectivement au centre et aux deux extrémités du dos, ornées d'un
   décor de rinceaux doré en réserve sur un fond doré pointillé, avec fer azuré au chapeau
   à chaque extrémité ; chaque pièce de maroquin est redessinée par un encadrement argenté,
   lui-même complété de rinceaux sur les côtés et relevé par des traits tracés de plume à
   effet de rayures.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles doubles bicolores : points droits sur chevrons,
   bleus et jaunes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Chants des ais rainurés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes">Traces de petits boulons aux angles du rectangle intérieur ;
   traces des quatre lanières tressées d'origine sur les deux plats ; pas de traces de
   sabots.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées, ciselées et peintes (teinte rosée), à décor de
   rinceaux incluant des éléments de l'héraldique royale : triple croissant en tête, grand
   H couronné associé à un croissant en gouttière, chiffre HH en queue.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Absence de chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure"/>
 <condition/>
</binding>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Compartiments espacés</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> rouge sombre</p>
  <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes du chancelier Pierre Séguier, à décor de compartiments
     complétés de fers filigranés, parmi lesquels un fer à la petite tête (type B).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 6 nerfs, à décor filigrané analogue ; palette ornée sur les
     nerfs et en tête et queue du dos ; titrage dans le 2e caisson.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles à chapiteau tricolore (bleu, blanc et rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes ornées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes"/>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats">Contregardes en papier marbré à petit peigne, dans les tons
     bleu, blanc, jaune, rouge et blanc.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">
   <watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition>Quelques taches sombres
<!--surla --> sur le plat supérieur et larges
     éraflures du cuir au plat inférieur. Restauration en queue du mors inférieur (bande de
     cuir).</condition>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

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C Elements

<media>

<media> indicates the location of any form of external media such as an audio or video clip etc. [3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

att.media

@width

@height

@scale

att.internetMedia

@mimeType

att.resourced

@url

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.typed

@type

@subtype

mimeType mimeType⚓︎

Status
Required

Member of

model.graphicLike model.recordingPart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figure formula table

gaiji: char glyph

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: recording u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage facsimile fw metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc

Note

The attributes available for this element are not appropriate in all cases. For example, it makes no sense to specify the temporal duration of a graphic. Such errors are not currently detected.

The mimeType attribute must be used to specify the MIME media type of the resource specified by the url attribute.

Example

<figure>
 <media mimeType="image/png" url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
</figure>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<media mimeType="audio/wav"
 url="dingDong.wav" dur="PT10S">
 <desc>Ten seconds of bellringing sound</desc>
</media>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<media mimeType="video/mp4"
 url="clip45.mp4" dur="PT45M" width="500px">
 <desc>A 45 minute video clip to be displayed in a window 500
   px wide</desc>
</media>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.descLike"
  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element media
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.media.attributes,
   att.internetMedia.attributes,
   att.resourced.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute mimeType { text },
   model.descLike*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <media>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <media> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <media> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<cit>

<cit type="example">
 <quote xml:lang="mix">Ka'an yu tsa'a Pedro.</quote>
 <media url="soundfiles-gen:S_speak_1s_on_behalf_of_Pedro_01_02_03_TS.wav"
  mimeType="audio/wav"/>
 <cit type="translation">
  <quote xml:lang="en">I'm speaking on behalf of Pedro.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="translation">
  <quote xml:lang="es">Estoy hablando de parte de Pedro.</quote>
 </cit>
</cit>

<media>

<figure>
 <media mimeType="image/png" url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
</figure>

<media>

<media mimeType="audio/wav"
 url="dingDong.wav" dur="PT10S">
 <desc>Ten seconds of bellringing sound</desc>
</media>

<media>

<media mimeType="video/mp4"
 url="clip45.mp4" dur="PT45M" width="500px">
 <desc>A 45 minute video clip to be displayed in a window 500
   px wide</desc>
</media>

<media>

<figure>
 <media type="graphic" mimeType="image/png"
  url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>維納斯</head>
 <figDesc> 波提且利 1484-1486年 畫布、蛋彩 佛羅倫斯，烏菲滋美術館</figDesc>
</figure>

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<graphic>

<graphic> (graphic) indicates the location of a graphic or illustration, either forming part of a text, or providing an image of it. [3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components 12.1. Digital Facsimiles]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

att.media

@width

@height

@scale

att.internetMedia

@mimeType

att.resourced

@url

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.graphicLike model.titlepagePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: char glyph

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage facsimile fw metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc

Note

The mimeType attribute should be used to supply the MIME media type of the image specified by the url attribute.

Within the body of a text, a graphic element indicates the presence of a graphic component in the source itself. Within the context of a facsimile or sourceDoc element, however, a graphic element provides an additional digital representation of some part of the source being encoded.

Example

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
</figure>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1" xml:id="spi001">
  <surface xml:id="spi001r">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
  </surface>
  <surface xml:id="spi001v">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <zone xml:id="spi001v_detail01">
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/normal/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.descLike"
  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element graphic
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.media.attributes,
   att.internetMedia.attributes,
   att.resourced.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   model.descLike*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <graphic> (graphic)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <graphic> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <graphic> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<figure>
 <head>The TEI Logo</head>
 <figDesc>Stylized yellow angle brackets with the letters <mentioned>TEI</mentioned> in
   between and <mentioned>text encoding initiative</mentioned> underneath, all on a white
   background.</figDesc>
 <graphic height="600px" width="600px"
  url="http://www.tei-c.org/logos/TEI-600.jpg"/>
</figure>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<figure>
 <head>Le logo TEI</head>
 <graphic height="600px" width="600px"
  url="http://www.tei-c.org/logos/TEI-600.jpg"/>
</figure>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="400" lry="280">
  <zone points="220,100 300,210 170,250 123,234">
   <graphic url="handwriting.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

Similar forms, often called
<term rend="ldquo rdquo">rewriting systems</term>, have a long history
among mathematicians, but the specific form of <ptr target="#fig22"/>
was first studied extensively by Chomsky <ptr type="bibliog" target="#chom59"/>.

<!-- ... -->
<figure xml:id="fig22">
 <graphic url="fig22.jpg"/>
</figure>
<!-- elsewhere, in the bibliography -->
<bibl xml:id="chom59">
<!-- citation for the book referenced above -->
</bibl>

3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components

<p>These were the four lines I moved in
through my first, second, third, and
fourth volumes. — In the fifth volume
I have been very good, — the precise
line I have described in it being this:
<graphic url="zigzag2.png"
  mimeType="image/png"/>
By which it appears, that except at the
curve, marked A. where I took a trip
to Navarre, — and the indented curve B.
which is the short airing when I was
there with the Lady Baussiere and her
page, — I have not taken the least frisk
...</p>

3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components

<head>
 <graphic url="http://www.iath.virginia.edu/gants/Ornaments/Heads/hp-ral02.gif"/>
</head>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
</figure>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure Une : Jan van Eyck, La Vierge du chancelier Rolin</head>
 <p>Si, attiré par la curiosité, on a l'imprudence de l'approcher d'un peu trop prés, c'est fini, on est pris pour tout le temps que peut durer l'effort d'une attention soutenue ; on s'extasie devant la finesse du détail ... il va toujours plus loin, franchit une à une les croupes des collines verdoyantes ; se repose un moment sur une ligne lointaine de montagnes neigeuses; pour se perdre ensuite dans l'infini d'un ciel à peine bleu, où s'estompent de flottantes nuées. </p>
</figure>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>維納斯</head>
 <figDesc> 波提且利 1484-1486年 畫布、蛋彩 佛羅倫斯，烏菲滋美術館</figDesc>
</figure>

<graphic>

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

<graphic>

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1" xml:id="spi001">
  <surface xml:id="spi001r">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
  </surface>
  <surface xml:id="spi001v">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <zone xml:id="spi001v_detail01">
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/normal/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="r1">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ONE FUNNY STROKE"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r1"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r1img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
 <glyph xml:id="r2">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TWO FUNNY STROKES"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r2"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r2img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <g ref="#Filig">Fi</g>lthy riches...</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="Filig">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN UPPER F AND LATIN LOWER I LIGATURE"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="Filig.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <abbr>
  <g ref="#per">per</g>
 </abbr> ardua</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="per">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN ABBREVIATION PER"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="per.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

<glyph>

<glyph xml:id="rstroke">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH A FUNNY STROKE"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="rstroke"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="glyph-rstroke.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

<glyph>

<glyph xml:id="fr_napos">
 <localProp name="nom"
  value="N latin minuscule précédé d'une apostrophe"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="napos"/>
 <graphic url="glyph-napos.png"/>
</glyph>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written" type="tweet"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t001"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043764753502486528" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:31 </time> Heute mit super Unterstützung, wir grunzen,
wenn die Zeit vorbei ist. <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref> PS: Die beiden brauchen noch Namen. Hinweise dazu am Empfang abgeben!
<ref type="twitter-account"
  target="https://twitter.com/AndreLo79">@AndreLo79</ref>
 <figure type="image">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnwygdSW4AAoTUn.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="unspecified" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:id="cmc_post_1043769240136880128">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043767827927388160"/>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u3"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043767827927388160">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:43 </time>
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dnw1TRNXgAAKqlK.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#lscLB.t004" who="#lscLB.A03"
 xml:id="cmc_post22"> ... ich überlege noch <figure type="emoji"
  generatedBy="template">
  <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
  <desc type="gloss" xml:lang="en">see no evil monkey</desc>
  <desc type="unicode">U+1F648</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.6.2. Posts with Graphics

<post type="tweet" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t006"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043823300479258624" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 16:24 </time> Bro Tri-Engel...so hab ich mir das
vorgestellt!!! @AndreLo79 #bcrn18 #wikidach @Heiko komm' mal Twitter! #Engel <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnxnwN9XsAEHXw2.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <graphic url="page2.png"/>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <surface>
  <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
 </surface>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
  <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="210" lry="280">
<!-- left hand page -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="240" uly="25" lrx="400"
   lry="280">
<!-- right hand page -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="90" uly="40" lrx="200" lry="225">
<!--- written part of left hand page -->
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  <zone ulx="25" uly="25" lrx="180" lry="60">
<!-- contains the title -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178"/>
<!-- contains the paragraph in italics -->
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160"/>
<!-- contains the figure -->
  <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60" lry="130"/>
<!-- contains the word "pendans" -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  <zone points="4.8,31.0 5.4,30.7 5.5,32.2 5.8,32.8 6.1,33.4 5.5,33.7 5.1,33.3 4.6,32.2"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175" lry="160">
 <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
</zone>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="443" lry="272">
 <graphic url="facs-fig3.jpg"/>
 <path points="74,73 171,244"
  xml:id="balan"/>
 <path points="71,203 173,116"
  xml:id="dindan"/>
</surface>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="411" lry="652">
 <graphic url="sterne.png"/>
 <path points="65,511 88,510 92,517 100,521 107,520 112,516 116,512 117,511 152,512 156,508 162,505 169,505 174,506 178,509 179,512 236,514 136,479 208,493 270,512 328,513 336,525 339,528 339,536 331,539 328,535 329,530 334,526 342,521 345,519 350,512 397,514 402,498 414,515 425,515 435,531 440,513 475,513 475,518 477,520 479,521 481,522 483,521 484,518 486,516 486,514 491,512 494,514 496,520 496,529 493,535 494,539 497,543 501,543 504,543 507,540 508,537 507,526 505,518 502,510 501,508 501,503 503,501 506,500 510,500 512,503 513,507 511,513 543,516 552,513 552,501 550,496 549,490 552,486 562,487 564,468 559,465 557,462 556,457 558,453 562,450 570,451 573,446 579,433"/>
</surface>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone xml:id="B49r" ulx="0" uly="0"
   lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
  <zone xml:id="B49rHead" ulx="25" uly="25"
   lrx="180" lry="60"/>
<!-- contains the title -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rPara2" ulx="28" uly="75"
   lrx="175" lry="178"/>
<!-- contains the first paragraph in italics -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rFig1" ulx="105" uly="76"
   lrx="175" lry="160"/>
<!-- contains the figure -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rW457" ulx="45" uly="125"
   lrx="60" lry="130"/>
<!-- contains the word "pendans" -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface start="#PB49R">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
<!-- ... -->
   <pb xml:id="PB49R"/>
   <fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<!-- ... -->
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

<facsimile>

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <surface>
  <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
 </surface>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

<facsimile>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

<sourceDoc>

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface facs="page1.png">
   <zone>All the writing on page 1</zone>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
   <zone>
    <line>A line of writing on page 2</line>
    <line>Another line of writing on page 2</line>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

<surface>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

<surfaceGrp>

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp>
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200"
   lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200"
   lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49v.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

<zone>

<surface ulx="14.54" uly="16.14" lrx="0"
 lry="0">
 <graphic url="stone.jpg"/>
 <zone points="4.6,6.3 5.25,5.85 6.2,6.6 8.19222,7.4125 9.89222,6.5875 10.9422,6.1375 11.4422,6.7125 8.21722,8.3125 6.2,7.65"/>
</surface>

<zone>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="graphic.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

<path>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="443" lry="272">
 <graphic url="facs-fig3.jpg"/>
 <path points="74,73 171,244"/>
 <path points="71,203 173,116"/>
</surface>

12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

<sourceDoc>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
<!-- ... -->
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178">
   <line>LEs cloches ont quasi
       fi</line>
   <line>gures de rondes pyra</line>
   <line>mides imperfaictes &amp;
   </line>
   <line> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se</line>
   <line> fait par reigle geometrique. Com</line>
   <line>me si les deux cloches C
       &amp; D </line>
   <line> sont <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60"
     lry="130">pendans</zone> à ung mesme axe</line>
   <line> ou essieu A B: je dis que
       leur ac</line>
   <line>cord se fera en cõtraires parties</line>
   <line> cõme
       voyez icy figuré. Car quãd </line>
   <line> lune sera en hault, laultre
       declinera embas. Aultrement si elles declinent toutes deux ensembles en une
       mesme partie, elles seront discord,</line>
   <line> &amp; sera leur sonnerie
       mal plaisante à oyr.</line>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="229" lry="160">
 <graphic url="whitman-02.jpg"/>
 <zone xml:id="entered"
  points="142,122 155,113 178,122 208,144 198,154 178,139"/>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface xml:id="badge" ulx="14.54"
 uly="16.14" lrx="0" lry="0">
 <graphic url="stone.jpg"/>
 <zone xml:id="county"
  points="4.6,6.3 5.25,5.85 6.2,6.6 8.2,7.4 9.9,6.6 10.9,6.1 11.4,6.7 8.2,8.3 6.2,7.6"/>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

<notatedMusic>

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.pdf"/>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.pdf"/>
 <head>The View from the Bridge</head>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="pullman.png"/>
 <head>Above:</head>
 <p>The drawing room of the Pullman house, the white and gold saloon
   where the magnate delighted in giving receptions for several hundred
   people.</p>
 <figDesc>The figure shows an elaborately decorated room, at least
   twenty-five feet side to side and fifty feet long, with ornate
   mouldings and Corinthian columns on the walls, overstuffed armchairs
   and loveseats arranged in several conversational groupings, and two
   large chandeliers.</figDesc>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.jpg"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in
   the foreground, and a series of buoys strung out between
   them.</figDesc>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure n="6.45">
 <figure n="a">
  <graphic url="./figs/6.45a.png"/>
  <ab type="caption">Parallel</ab>
 </figure>
 <figure n="b">
  <graphic url="./figs/6.45b.png"/>
  <ab type="caption">Perspective</ab>
 </figure>
 <ab type="caption">The two canonical view volumes, for the (a)
   parallel and (b) perspective projections. Note that -z is to the
   right.</ab>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<ref target="#IM1">Click
here <graphic url="fig1th.png"/> for enlightenment </ref>
<figure xml:id="IM1">
 <graphic url="fig1.jpg"/>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.example.org/fig1.png"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>La tour rouge, de Giorgio De Chirico</head>
 <figDesc>Le tableau représente un donjon au pied duquel s'étend un espace quasiment vide,
   hormis quelques détails</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.cineclubdecaen.com/cinepho/peint/dechericho/tourrouge.jpg"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>圖一: 橋上的視野</head>
 <figDesc>前景有四五隻風帆，中間一堆救生圈串連。</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.example.org/fig1.png"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figDesc>

<figure>
 <graphic url="emblem1.png"/>
 <head>Emblemi d'Amore</head>
 <figDesc>A pair of naked winged cupids, each holding a
   flaming torch, in a rural setting.</figDesc>
</figure>

<figDesc>

<figure>
 <graphic url="chap3fig2.png"/>
 <head>Dick Kennedy </head>
 <figDesc>Gravure de E. Riou représentant un jeune homme assis sur une chaise, les
   pieds sur une autre et tenant à la main une canne. En arrière plan, une théière, et
   l'inscription <q>Map of Africa</q> .</figDesc>
</figure>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

<figure rend="float fullpage">
 <graphic url="Images/compic.png"/>
 <figDesc>The figure shows the page from the <title>Orbis
     pictus</title> of Comenius which is discussed in the text.</figDesc>
</figure>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<binaryObject>

<binaryObject> provides encoded binary data representing an inline graphic, audio, video or other object. [3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.media

@width

@height

@scale

att.internetMedia

@mimeType

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.typed

@type

@subtype

url url⚓︎

Status
Optional

encoding encoding⚓︎
The encoding used to encode the binary data. If not specified, this is assumed to be Base64.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

Member of

model.graphicLike model.titlepagePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: char glyph

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage facsimile fw metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain
Character data only

Example

<binaryObject mimeType="image/gif"> R0lGODdhMAAwAPAAAAAAAP///ywAAAAAMAAwAAAC8IyPqcvt3wCcDkiLc7C0qwy
GHhSWpjQu5yqmCYsapyuvUUlvONmOZtfzgFzByTB10QgxOR0TqBQejhRNzOfkVJ
+5YiUqrXF5Y5lKh/DeuNcP5yLWGsEbtLiOSpa/TPg7JpJHxyendzWTBfX0cxOnK
PjgBzi4diinWGdkF8kjdfnycQZXZeYGejmJlZeGl9i2icVqaNVailT6F5iJ90m6
mvuTS4OK05M0vDk0Q4XUtwvKOzrcd3iq9uisF81M1OIcR7lEewwcLp7tuNNkM3u
Nna3F2JQFo97Vriy/Xl4/f1cf5VWzXyym7PH hhx4dbgYKAAA7</binaryObject>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element binaryObject
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.media.attributes,
   att.internetMedia.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute url { text }?,
   attribute encoding { list { teidata.word+ } }?,
   text
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <binaryObject>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <binaryObject> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <binaryObject> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<binaryObject>

<binaryObject mimeType="image/gif"> R0lGODdhMAAwAPAAAAAAAP///ywAAAAAMAAwAAAC8IyPqcvt3wCcDkiLc7C0qwy
GHhSWpjQu5yqmCYsapyuvUUlvONmOZtfzgFzByTB10QgxOR0TqBQejhRNzOfkVJ
+5YiUqrXF5Y5lKh/DeuNcP5yLWGsEbtLiOSpa/TPg7JpJHxyendzWTBfX0cxOnK
PjgBzi4diinWGdkF8kjdfnycQZXZeYGejmJlZeGl9i2icVqaNVailT6F5iJ90m6
mvuTS4OK05M0vDk0Q4XUtwvKOzrcd3iq9uisF81M1OIcR7lEewwcLp7tuNNkM3u
Nna3F2JQFo97Vriy/Xl4/f1cf5VWzXyym7PH hhx4dbgYKAAA7</binaryObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<milestone>

<milestone> (milestone) marks a boundary point separating any kind of section of a text, typically but not necessarily indicating a point at which some part of a standard reference system changes, where the change is not represented by a structural element. [3.11.3. Milestone Elements]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.breaking

@break

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.edition

@ed

@edRef

att.milestoneUnit

@unit

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.milestoneLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list listBibl measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc subst supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

For this element, the global n attribute indicates the new number or other value for the unit which changes at this milestone. The special value unnumbered should be used in passages which fall outside the normal numbering scheme, such as chapter or other headings, poem numbers or titles, etc.

The order in which milestone elements are given at a given point is not normally significant.

Example

<milestone n="23" ed="La" unit="Dreissiger"/>
... <milestone n="24" ed="AV" unit="verse"/> ...

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element milestone
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.breaking.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.edition.attributes,
   att.milestoneUnit.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <milestone> (milestone)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <milestone> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <milestone> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.milestoneUnit

<milestone n="23" ed="La" unit="Dreissiger"/>
... <milestone n="24" ed="AV" unit="verse"/> ...

att.milestoneUnit

<milestone n="23" ed="La" unit="Dreissiger"/> ... <milestone n="24" ed="AV" unit="verse"/>
...

att.milestoneUnit

<milestone n="23" ed="拉丁文版本" unit="三十"/> ...
<milestone n="24" ed="聖經欽定版本" unit="韻文"/> ...

2. The TEI Header

2.3.6.3. Milestone Method

<milestone n="II" ed="first" unit="page"/>
<milestone ed="first" unit="line"/>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <milestone unit="part" n="1"/>
  <div1 n="1" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="3" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="part" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="1" type="part">
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="1"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="3"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="part">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="4"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<lg>
 <milestone unit="speaker" n="Man"/>
 <l>Oh what is this I cannot see</l>
 <l>With icy hands gets a hold on me</l>
 <milestone unit="speaker" n="Death"/>
 <l>Oh I am Death, none can excel</l>
 <l>I open the doors of heaven and hell</l>
</lg>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<milestone ed="E1" unit="work"/>
<milestone ed="E2" unit="work"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="book"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem"/>
<milestone ed="E2" unit="poem"/>
<milestone ed="E2" unit="book"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem"/>
<milestone ed="E2" unit="poem"/>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<milestone ed="E1" unit="work" n="Amores"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="book" n="1"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem" n="1"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem" n="2"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="book" n="2"/>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<milestone ed="E1" unit="work" n="Amores"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="book" n="1"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem" n="1.1"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="poem" n="1.2"/>
<milestone ed="E1" unit="book" n="2"/>

<milestone>

<milestone n="23" ed="La" unit="Dreissiger"/>
... <milestone n="24" ed="AV" unit="verse"/> ...

<milestone>

<milestone n="23" ed="La" unit="Dreissiger"/> ... <milestone n="24" ed="AV" unit="verse"/>
...

<milestone>

<milestone n="23" ed="拉丁文版本" unit="三十"/> ...
<milestone n="24" ed="聖經欽定版本" unit="韻文"/> ...

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<gb>

<gb> (gathering beginning) marks the beginning of a new gathering or quire in a transcribed codex. [3.11.3. Milestone Elements]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.breaking

@break

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.edition

@ed

@edRef

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.milestoneLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list listBibl measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc subst supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

By convention, gb elements should appear at the start of the first page in the gathering. The global n attribute indicates the number or other value used to identify this gathering in a collation.

The type attribute may be used to further characterize the gathering in any respect.

Example

<gb n="iii"/>
<pb n="2r"/>
<!-- material from page 2 recto of gathering iii here -->
<pb n="2v"/>
<!-- material from page 2 verso of gathering iii here -->

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element gb
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.breaking.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.edition.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <gb> (gathering beginning)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <gb> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <gb> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<gb>

<gb n="iii"/>
<pb n="2r"/>
<!-- material from page 2 recto of gathering iii here -->
<pb n="2v"/>
<!-- material from page 2 verso of gathering iii here -->

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<pb>

<pb> (page beginning) marks the beginning of a new page in a paginated document. [3.11.3. Milestone Elements]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.breaking

@break

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.edition

@ed

@edRef

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.milestoneLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list listBibl measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc subst supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

A pb element should appear at the start of the page which it identifies. The global n attribute indicates the number or other value associated with this page. This will normally be the page number or signature printed on it, since the physical sequence number is implicit in the presence of the pb element itself.

The type attribute may be used to characterize the page beginning in any respect. The more specialized attributes break, ed, or edRef should be preferred when the intent is to indicate whether or not the page beginning is word-breaking, or to note the source from which it derives.

Example

Page numbers may vary in different editions of a text.

<p> ... <pb n="145" ed="ed2"/>
<!-- Page 145 in edition "ed2" starts here --> ... <pb n="283" ed="ed1"/>
<!-- Page 283 in edition "ed1" starts here--> ... </p>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

A page beginning may be associated with a facsimile image of the page it introduces by means of the facs attribute

<body>
 <pb n="1" facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- page1.png contains an image of the page; the text it contains is encoded here -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
 <pb n="2" facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- similarly, for page 2 -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
</body>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element pb
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.breaking.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.edition.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <pb> (page beginning)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <pb> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <pb> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.edition

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1937">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Methuen</publisher>, <date>1937</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1968">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Dover</publisher>, <date>1968</date>
 </bibl>
</listBibl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Looking into the future aeons from the supreme moment of
the cosmos, I saw the populations still with all their
strength maintaining the<pb n="411" edRef="#stapledon1968"/>essentials of their ancient culture,
still living their personal lives in zest and endless
novelty of action, … I saw myself still
preserving, though with increasing difficulty, my lucid
con<pb n="291" break="no"
  edRef="#stapledon1937"/>sciousness;</p>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<pb xml:id="p143"/>
...
<pb xml:id="p144"/>
...
<pb xml:id="p263"/>
...
<pb xml:id="p299"/>
...
<pb xml:id="p442"/>
...

3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

<!-- in the text --><pb xml:id="P624"/>
<!-- start of page 624 -->
<!-- in the index -->
<ref target="#P624">624</ref>

<gb>

<gb n="iii"/>
<pb n="2r"/>
<!-- material from page 2 recto of gathering iii here -->
<pb n="2v"/>
<!-- material from page 2 verso of gathering iii here -->

<pb>

<p> ... <pb n="145" ed="ed2"/>
<!-- Page 145 in edition "ed2" starts here --> ... <pb n="283" ed="ed1"/>
<!-- Page 283 in edition "ed1" starts here--> ... </p>

<pb>

<p> ... <pb n="145" ed="ed2"/>
<!-- Seite 145 in Ausgabe "ed2" beginnt hier --> ... <pb n="283" ed="ed1"/>
<!-- Seite 283 in Ausgabe "ed1" beginnt hier --> ... </p>

<pb>

<body>
 <pb n="1" facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- page1.png contains an image of the page; the text it contains is encoded here -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
 <pb n="2" facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- similarly, for page 2 -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
</body>

<pb>

<body>
 <pb n="1" facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- page1.png enthält eine Abbildung der Seite; der enthaltene Text ist hier kodiert -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
 <pb n="2" facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- dasselbe gilt für Seite 2 -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
</body>

<cb>

<pb/>
<cb n="1"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Well</form>, <sense>a Pit to hold Spring-Water</sense>:
<sense>In the Art of <hi rend="italic">War</hi>, a Depth the Miner
   sinks into the Ground, to find out and disappoint the Enemies Mines,
   or to prepare one</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>To <form>Welter</form>, <sense>to wallow</sense>, or
<sense>lie groveling</sense>.</entryFree>
<!-- remainder of column -->
<cb n="2"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Wey</form>, <sense>the greatest Measure for dry Things,
   containing five Chaldron</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>
 <form>Whale</form>, <sense>the greatest of
   Sea-Fishes</sense>.
</entryFree>

4. Default Text Structure

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>Galecia one Evening setting alone in her Chamber by a clear Fire,
and a clean Hearth [...] reflected on the Providence of our
All-wise and Gracious Creator [...] </p>
<p>She was thus ruminating, when a Gentleman enter'd the Room, the
Door being a jar [...] calling for a Candle, she beg'd a thousand
Pardons, engaged him to sit down, and let her know, what had so long
conceal'd him from her Correspondence.
</p>
<pb n="5"/>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Story of <hi>Captain Manly</hi>
  </head>
  <p>Dear Galecia, said he, though you partly know the loose, or rather
     lewd Life that I led in my Youth; yet I can't forbear relating part of
     it to you by way of Abhorrence...

<!-- Captain Manly's story here -->
     I had lost and spent all I had in the World; in which I verified the
     Old Proverb, That a Rolling Stone never gathers Moss,
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="37"/>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>The Gentleman having finish'd his Story, Galecia waited on him to
the Stairs-head; and at her return, casting her Eyes on the Table, she
saw lying there an old dirty rumpled Book, and found in it the
following story: </p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <p> IN the time of the Holy War when
     Christians from all parts went into the Holy Land to oppose the Turks;
     Amongst these there was a certain English Knight...</p>
<!-- rest of story here -->
  <p>The King graciously pardoned the Knight; Richard was kindly receiv'd
     into his Convent, and all things went on in good order: But from hence
     came the Proverb, We must not strike <hi>Robert</hi> for
  <hi>Richard.</hi>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="43"/>
<p>By this time Galecia's Maid brought up her Supper; after which she
cast her Eyes again on the foresaid little Book, where she found the
following Story, which she read through before she went to bed.
</p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Cause of the Moors Overrunning
  <hi>Spain</hi>
  </head>
  <p>King ———— of Spain at his Death, committed the Government of his
     Kingdom to his Brother Don ——— till his little Son should come of
     Age ...</p>
  <p>Thus the little Story ended, without telling what Misery
     befel the King and Kingdom, by the Moors, who over ran the Country for
     many Years after. To which, we may well apply the Proverb,
  <quote>
    <l>Who drives the Devil's Stages,</l>
    <l>Deserves the Devil's Wages</l>
   </quote>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<p>The reading this Trifle of a Story detained Galecia from her Rest
beyond her usual Hour; for she slept so sound the next Morning, that
she did not rise, till a Lady's Footman came to tell her, that his
Lady and another or two were coming to breakfast with her...
</p>

4.5. Front Matter

<!-- ... --><item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
<ref target="#fish-p24">24</ref>
</item>
<!-- ... -->
<div type="chapter">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
 <pb xml:id="fish-p24"/>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<!-- ... -->

4.7. Back Matter

<pb xml:id="P461"/>

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

<locus>

<locus target="#zh-tw_P12 #zh-tw_P13 #zh-tw_P14 #zh-tw_P16">fols 12-14, 16r</locus>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="zh-tw_P12"/>
<pb xml:id="zh-tw_P13"/>
<pb xml:id="zh-tw_P14"/>
<pb xml:id="zh-tw_P15"/>
<pb xml:id="zh-tw_P16"/>

<layout>

<layout streams="3" columns="3"/>
<!-- Further down in document body -->
<div type="page">
 <ab>
  <pb/>
   一二三<cb type="top-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="mid-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="bottom-stream"/>
<!-- cb here for demo purposes -->
 </ab>
</div>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--...-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <pb facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- text contained on page 1 is encoded here -->
  <pb facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- text contained on page 2 is encoded here -->
 </text>
</TEI>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface start="#PB49R">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
<!-- ... -->
   <pb xml:id="PB49R"/>
   <fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<!-- ... -->
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <pb n="5r"/>
 <damageSpan agent="rubbing"
  extent="whole leaf" spanTo="#damageEnd"/>
</p>
<p> [...] </p>
<p> [...] <pb n="5v" xml:id="damageEnd"/>
</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Home

C Elements

<lb>

<lb> (line beginning) marks the beginning of a topographic line in some edition or version of a text. [3.11.3. Milestone Elements 7.2.5. Speech Contents]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.breaking

@break

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.edition

@ed

@edRef

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.milestoneLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list listBibl measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc subst supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

By convention, lb elements should appear at the point in the text where a new line starts. The n attribute, if used, indicates the number or other value associated with the text between this point and the next lb element, typically the sequence number of the line within the page, or other appropriate unit. This element is intended to be used for marking the beginning of each new topographic line on a manuscript or printed page, at the point where it occurs; it should not be used to tag structural units such as lines of verse (for which the l element is available) except in circumstances where structural units cannot otherwise be marked.

The type attribute may be used to characterize the line beginning in any respect. The more specialized attributes break, ed, or edRef should be preferred when the intent is to indicate whether or not the beginning of the new topographic line is word-breaking, or to note the source from which it derives.

Example

This example shows the encoding of the beginning of each new topographic line within a metrical line, indicating where it occurs in both the 1667 and 1674 editions:

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience,<lb ed="1674"/> and<lb ed="1667"/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb ed="1667 1674"/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb ed="1667"/> and all<lb ed="1674"/> our woe,</l>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

This example shows the encoding of the beginning of a new topographical line as a means of preserving the visual appearance of a title page. The break attribute is used to show that the beginning of the new line does not (as elsewhere) mark the start of a new word.

<titlePart>
 <lb/>With Additions, ne-<lb break="no"/>ver before Printed.
</titlePart>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element lb
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.breaking.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.edition.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <lb> (line beginning)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <lb> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <lb> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.breaking

<ab> ...eƿesa tome iu icƿæs ȝeƿorden ƿita heardoſt .
leodum la<lb break="no"/> ðost ærþan ichim lifes
ƿeȝ rihtne ȝerymde reord be<lb break="no"/>
rendum hƿæt me þaȝeƿeorðode ƿuldres ealdor ofer...
</ab>

att.edition

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience,<lb ed="1674"/> and<lb ed="1667"/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb ed="1667 1674"/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb ed="1667"/> and all<lb ed="1674"/> our woe,</l>

att.global.rendition

<head rend="align(center) case(allcaps)">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle,
<lb/>On Her <lb/>
 <hi rend="case(mixed)">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>

att.global.rendition

<head rend="align(center) case(allcaps)">épître dédicatoire<lb/>à <lb/>Monsieur de Coucy <lb/>
 <lb/>.</head>

att.global.rendition

<head style="text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle, <lb/>On Her
<lb/>
 <hi style="font-variant: normal">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>

att.global.rendition

<head rendition="#ac #sc">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle, <lb/>On Her
<lb/>
 <hi rendition="#normal">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>
<!-- elsewhere... -->
<rendition xml:id="sc" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="normal" scheme="css">font-variant: normal</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="ac" scheme="css">text-align: center</rendition>

att.global.rendition

<head rendition="#ac #sc">
 <lb/>épître dédicatoire <lb/>à <lb/>Monsieur de Coucy <lb/>
</head>
<rendition xml:id="fr_sc" scheme="css">font-variant: uppercase</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="fr_ac" scheme="css">text-align: center</rendition>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<titlePage>
 <docTitle rendition="#center #x-space">
  <titlePart>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-large">THE POEMS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#small">OF</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #xx-large">ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#large #xx-space">IN SIX VOLUMES</hi>
  </titlePart>
  <titlePart rendition="#xx-space">
   <lb/> VOLUME I.
  <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #x-large">POEMS AND BALLADS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-space">FIRST SERIES</hi>
  </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docImprint rendition="#center">
  <lb/>
  <pubPlace rendition="#xx-space">LONDON</pubPlace>
  <lb/>
  <publisher rendition="#red #expanded">CHATTO &amp; WINDUS</publisher>
  <lb/>
  <docDate when="1904" rendition="#small">1904</docDate>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<lg>
 <l>Amıgas sey eu be<ex>n</ex> dunha molher</l>
 <l>Que se trabalha de uosco buscar</l>
 <l>Mal a uossamigo polo matar</l>
 <l>Mays todaquestamiga ela q<ex>ue</ex>r</l>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l>Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
 <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>E buscalhi co<ex>n</ex> uosco q<ex>ua</ex>nto mal</l>
 <l>Ela mays pode aq<ex>ue</ex>sto sei eu</l>
 <l>E todaq<ex>ue</ex>stela faz polo seu</l>
 <l>E p<ex>or</ex>este p<unclear>ẏ</unclear>te non por al</l>
 <lb/>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l rend="nobreak" part="I">Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca</l>
 <ellipsis>
  <metamark rend="nobreak"
   function="ellipsis">·:—</metamark>
  <supplied>
   <l rend="nobreak" part="F">co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
   <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
  </supplied>
 </ellipsis>
</lg>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<p>In a cadaver I have found it
<lb/>holding <measure unit="mL" commodity="blood"
  min="85.2">more than three ounces</measure>.
[...] Then
<lb/>we may suppose in man that a single heart beat
<lb/>would force out either
<measure unit="mL" commodity="blood"
  max="13.2" min="3.7">a half ounce, three drams,
 <lb/>or even one dram of blood</measure>, which because of the
<lb/>valvular block could not flow back that way into
<lb/>the heart.</p>

<date>

<date when="1654-11-23">L'an de grâce 1654,<lb/> Lundi, 23 novembre, jour de saint Clément,
pape et martyr et autres au martyrologe, <lb/>Veille de saint Chrysogone, martyr, et
autres, <lb/> Depuis environ dix heures et demie du soir jusques environ minuit et
demi.</date>

<item>

<list type="unordered">
 <head>Tentative d'inventaire de quelques-unes des choses qui ont été trouvées dans
   les escaliers au fil des ans.</head>
 <item>Plusieurs photos, dont celle d'une jeune fille de quinze<lb/> ans vêtue d'un slip
   de bain noir et d'un chandail blanc, agenouillée sur une plage,</item>
 <item>un réveil radio de toute évidence destiné à un réparateur, dans un sac plastique
   des établissements Nicolas,</item>
 <item>un soulier noir orné de brillants,</item>
 <item>une mule en chevreau doré,</item>
 <item>une boîte de pastilles Géraudel contre la toux.</item>
</list>

<label>

<p>[...]
<lb/>&amp; n’entrer en mauuais &amp; mal-heu-
<lb/>ré meſnage. Or des que le conſente-
<lb/>ment des parties y eſt le mariage eſt
<lb/> arreſté, quoy que de faict il ne ſoit
<label place="margin">Puiſſance maritale
   entre les Romains.</label>
 <lb/> conſommé. Depuis la conſomma-
<lb/>tion du mariage la femme eſt ſoubs
<lb/> la puiſſance du mary, s’il n’eſt eſcla-
<lb/>ue ou enfant de famille : car en ce
<lb/> cas, la femme, qui a eſpouſé vn en-
<lb/>fant de famille, eſt ſous la puiſſance
[...]</p>

<label>

<p>[...]
<lb/>&amp; n’entrer en mauuais &amp; mal-heu-
<lb/>ré meſnage. Or des que le conſente-
<lb/>ment des parties y eſt le mariage eſt
<lb/> arreſté, quoy que de faict il ne ſoit
<label place="margin">Puiſſance maritale
   entre les Romains.</label>
 <lb/> conſommé. Depuis la conſomma-
<lb/>tion du mariage la femme eſt ſoubs
<lb/> la puiſſance du mary, s’il n’eſt eſcla-
<lb/>ue ou enfant de famille : car en ce
<lb/> cas, la femme, qui a eſpouſé vn en-
<lb/>fant de famille, eſt ſous la puiſſance
[...]</p>

<head>

<div type="subsection">
 <head place="margin">Secunda conclusio</head>
 <p>
  <lb n="1251"/>
  <hi rend="large">Potencia: habitus: et actus: recipiunt speciem ab obiectis<supplied>.</supplied>
  </hi>
  <lb n="1252"/>Probatur sic. Omne importans necessariam habitudinem ad proprium
   [...]
 </p>
</div>

<head>

<div type="chapitre">
 <head>Les Mille et une Nuits</head>
 <p>LES chroniques des Sassaniens, anciens rois de Perse, qui avaient étendu leur empire
   dans les Indes, [...]</p>
 <div type="histoire">
  <head>Histoire du Vizir puni</head>
  <p>IL était autrefois un roi, poursuivit-il, qui avait un<lb/> fils qui aimait
     passionnément la chasse. Il lui permettait<lb/> de prendre souvent ce divertissement ;
     [...] </p>
 </div>
</div>
<trailer>
 <hi rend="majuscule">fin du tome premier.</hi>
</trailer>

<note>

<p>J'écris dans la<lb/> marge...<lb/> Je vais<lb/> à la ligne.<lb/> Je renvoie à une
note<note type="gloss" place="foot"> J'aime beaucoup les renvois en bas de page, même si
   je n'ai rien de particulier à y préciser.</note>en bas de page.</p>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

...sed imp<lb/>erator dixit...

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

...sed imp<lb break="no"/>erator dixit...

<lb>

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience,<lb ed="1674"/> and<lb ed="1667"/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb ed="1667 1674"/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb ed="1667"/> and all<lb ed="1674"/> our woe,</l>

<lb>

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience,<lb ed="1674"/> and<lb ed="1667"/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb ed="1667 1674"/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb ed="1667"/> and all<lb ed="1674"/> our woe,</l>

<lb>

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience,<lb ed="1674"/> and<lb ed="1667"/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb ed="1667 1674"/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb ed="1667"/> and all<lb ed="1674"/> our woe,</l>

<lb>

<titlePart>
 <lb/>With Additions, ne-<lb break="no"/>ver before Printed.
</titlePart>

<lb>

<titlePart rend="italic">
 <lb/>L'auteur susdict supplie les Lecteurs
<lb/>benevoles, soy reserver à rire au
soi-<lb break="no"/>xante &amp; dixhuytiesme livre.

</titlePart>

<lb>

<titlePart>
 <lb/>With Additions, ne-<lb break="no"/>ver before Printed.
</titlePart>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience, and<lb/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb/> and all our woe,</l>
<l>With loss of Eden, till one greater Man</l>
<l>Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat...</l>

<stage>

<l>Behold. <stage n="*" place="margin">Here the vp<lb/>per part of the <hi>Scene</hi> open'd; when
   straight appear'd a Heauen, and all the <hi>Pure Artes</hi> sitting on
   two semi<lb/>circular ben<lb/>ches, one a<lb/>boue another: who sate thus till the rest of the
 <hi>Prologue</hi> was spoken, which being ended, they descended in
   order within the <hi>Scene,</hi> whiles the Musicke plaid</stage> Our
Poet knowing our free hearts</l>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<trailer>

<trailer>
 <l>In stead of FINIS this advice <hi>I</hi> send,</l>
 <l>Let Rogues and Thieves beware of <lb/>
  <hi>Hamans</hi> END.</l>
</trailer>

<trailer>

<trailer>
 <l>In stead of FINIS this advice <hi>I</hi> send,</l>
 <l>Let Rogues and Thieves beware of <lb/>
  <hi>Hamans</hi> END.</l>
</trailer>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.7.3. Vertical Orientation in Horizontal Scripts

<cell style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: sideways-left">
 <lb/>Cash Value
<lb/>of
<lb/>Farms

</cell>

5.8. Text Rotation

<ab>
 <lb/>ΗΕΡΜΟΝΤΙΝA
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΚΑΘΕΟΝΠΟΤΘΕΜ</seg>
 <lb/>ΕΝΟΣΥΕΝΕΑϜ
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΟΙΥΕΝΟΙΤΙΕΚΚ</seg>
 <lb/>ΡΕΤΑΙΑΣΟΝΑ
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΣΙΜΟΣΟΤΤΑΙΕ</seg>
 <lb/>ΑΣΣΑΙ

</ab>

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

<rubric>
 <lb/>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV
<lb/>SI NON LICET
<lb/>NOBIS RO
<lb/>manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

<stamp>

<rubric>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV<lb/>
SI NON LICET<lb/>
NOBIS RO<lb/>
manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

<stamp>

<rubric>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV<lb/> SI NON LICET<lb/> NOBIS RO<lb/>
manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

<stamp>

<rubric>乾隆御覽之寶<stamp>清乾隆玉璽</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msItem defective="true">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title type="uniform">Ágrip af Noregs konunga sǫgum</title>
 <incipit defective="true">
  <lb/>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> seti ho<gap reason="illegible" quantity="7"
   unit="mm"/>
  <lb/>sc heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit defective="true">h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex> þa buit hesta .ij.
 <lb/>annan viþ fé en h<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> annan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
</msItem>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Spaces for initials and chapter headings were left by the scribe but not
   filled in. A later, probably fifteenth-century, hand has added initials and
   chapter headings in greenish-coloured ink on fols <locus>8r</locus>,
 <locus>8v</locus>, <locus>9r</locus>, <locus>10r</locus> and <locus>11r</locus>.
   Although a few of these chapter headings are now rather difficult to read, most
   can be made out, e.g. fol. <locus>8rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">floti ast<ex>ri</ex>d<ex>ar</ex>
  </quote>; fol.
 <locus>9rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">v<ex>m</ex> olaf conung</quote>, and fol.
 <locus>10ra</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">Gipti<ex>n</ex>g ol<ex>a</ex>fs
     k<ex>onun</ex>gs</quote>.</p>
 <p>The manuscript contains the following marginalia: <list>
   <item>Fol. <locus>4v</locus>, left margin: <quote xml:lang="is">hialmadr
    <ex>ok</ex>
     <lb/>brynjadr</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, imitating an addition made
       to the text by the scribe at this point.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>5r</locus>, lower margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þ<ex>e</ex>tta
         þiki m<ex>er</ex> v<ex>er</ex>a gott blek en<ex>n</ex>da kan<ex>n</ex> ek icki
         betr sia</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, probably the same as that on the
       previous page.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>9v</locus>, bottom margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þessa bok
         uilda eg <sic>gæt</sic> lært med
    <lb/>an Gud gefe myer Gott ad
    <lb/>læra</quote>; seventeenth-century hand.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
 <p>There are in addition a number of illegible scribbles in a later hand (or
   hands) on fols <locus>2r</locus>, <locus>3r</locus>, <locus>5v</locus> and
 <locus>19r</locus>.</p>
</additions>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<sp>   <ab>     <lb n="545"/>Great praise and thanks be to Perfidy as she     <lb n="546"/>deserves, since by our swindles, tricks, and clever moves, relying      <lb n="547"/>on the daring of our shoulder blades and the excellence of our      <lb n="548"/>forearms who went against cattle-prods, hot iron-blades,      <lb n="549-550"/>crosses and shackles, neck-irons, chains, prisons, collars, fetters,      <lb n="551"/>and yokes, the fiercest painters fully acquainted with our backs      <lb n="552"/><secl>who have often before put scars on our shoulder blades</secl>     ...   </ab> </sp>            

<subst>

that he and his Sister Miſs D — <lb/>who always lived with him, wd. be <subst>
 <del>very</del>
 <lb/>
 <add>principally</add>
</subst> remembered in her Will.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

14.4.4. Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

<head> The Tryumphs of Peace.<lb/> That Celebrated the Solemnity of the right Honorable Sr Francis Iones Knight, at
his Inauguration into the Maioraltie of London, on Monday being the <date when-custom="1620-10-30"
  datingMethod="#Julian_England" calendar="#Julian_England"> 30. of October, 1620. </date>
</head>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.4.2. xpath()

<div xml:lang="la" type="edition"
 xml:space="preserve"><ab> <lb n="1" xml:id="line1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied> non <choice><reg>habui</reg><orig>abui</orig></choice> quidquam vaco  <lb n="2"/>si<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>b<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>    cohort<unclear>e</unclear> mi rescribas  <lb n="3"/><unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in <choice><reg>mente</reg><orig>mentem</orig></choice>    <choice><reg>habe</reg><orig>abe</orig></choice> supra res  <lb n="4"/>scriptas<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"
 unit="character"/>  <lb n="5"/>auge et opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas</ab>
</div>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<ab style="text-align: center;">
 <lb/>SACRED
<lb/>to the memory of
<lb/>
 <abbr>M<hi rend="superscript">rs</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> ALICE HUTTON
<lb/>born at Che<g ref="#long-s">s</g>terfield in
<lb/>Great Britain,
<lb/>
 <abbr>Jan<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>25<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1722:
<lb/>and died in Carolina
<lb/>
 <abbr>Sept<hi rend="superscript">r</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>26<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1777.
<lb/>This <g ref="#long-s">s</g>tone
<lb/>is placed by her only Child
<lb/>ANN BOOTH POLLOK
</ab>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

A fire<pc force="strong">-</pc>proof vest is recom<pc force="weak">-</pc><lb/> mended. 

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<p>
 <seg>
  <lb n="1"/>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>; <seg>critic, you have
   frowned, <lb n="2"/>Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg>with this
   key <lb n="3"/>Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg>the melody
 <lb n="4"/>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's
   wound.</seg>
</p>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc01">
 <name>C. Colin Backslash</name>
 <resp>transcription</resp>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="prf01">
 <name>Erin Spelling</name>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<p>Θερινὴ τροπή
<lb/>
 <foreign xml:lang="hbo" xml:id="mp0a8"> ת
 <supplied reason="undefined">קו</supplied>
  <unclear>פ</unclear>
   ת תמוז
 </foreign>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere: -->
<respons target="#mp0a8" locus="name value"
 resp="#prf01"/>

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<cb>

<cb> (column beginning) marks the beginning of a new column of a text on a multi-column page. [3.11.3. Milestone Elements]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.breaking

@break

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.edition

@ed

@edRef

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.milestoneLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list listBibl measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc subst supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

On this element, the global n attribute indicates the number or other value associated with the column which follows the point of insertion of this cb element. Encoders should adopt a clear and consistent policy as to whether the numbers associated with column beginnings relate to the physical sequence number of the column in the whole text, or whether columns are numbered within the page. The cb element is placed at the head of the column to which it refers.

Example

Markup of an early English dictionary printed in two columns:

<pb/>
<cb n="1"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Well</form>, <sense>a Pit to hold Spring-Water</sense>:
<sense>In the Art of <hi rend="italic">War</hi>, a Depth the Miner
   sinks into the Ground, to find out and disappoint the Enemies Mines,
   or to prepare one</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>To <form>Welter</form>, <sense>to wallow</sense>, or
<sense>lie groveling</sense>.</entryFree>
<!-- remainder of column -->
<cb n="2"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Wey</form>, <sense>the greatest Measure for dry Things,
   containing five Chaldron</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>
 <form>Whale</form>, <sense>the greatest of
   Sea-Fishes</sense>.
</entryFree>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element cb
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.breaking.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.edition.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <cb> (column beginning)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <cb> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <cb> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<cb>

<pb/>
<cb n="1"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Well</form>, <sense>a Pit to hold Spring-Water</sense>:
<sense>In the Art of <hi rend="italic">War</hi>, a Depth the Miner
   sinks into the Ground, to find out and disappoint the Enemies Mines,
   or to prepare one</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>To <form>Welter</form>, <sense>to wallow</sense>, or
<sense>lie groveling</sense>.</entryFree>
<!-- remainder of column -->
<cb n="2"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Wey</form>, <sense>the greatest Measure for dry Things,
   containing five Chaldron</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>
 <form>Whale</form>, <sense>the greatest of
   Sea-Fishes</sense>.
</entryFree>

11. Manuscript Description

<layout>

<layout streams="3" columns="3"/>
<!-- Further down in document body -->
<div type="page">
 <ab>
  <pb/>
   一二三<cb type="top-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="mid-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="bottom-stream"/>
<!-- cb here for demo purposes -->
 </ab>
</div>

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C Elements

<analytic>

<analytic> (analytic level) contains bibliographic elements describing an item (e.g. an article or poem) published within a monograph or journal and not as an independent publication. [3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

core: biblStruct

May contain

core: author date editor ptr ref respStmt textLang title

header: availability idno

tagdocs: listRef

Note

May contain titles and statements of responsibility (author, editor, or other), in any order.

The analytic element may only occur within a biblStruct, where its use is mandatory for the description of an analytic level bibliographic item.

Example

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope>377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="author"/>
  <elementRef key="editor"/>
  <elementRef key="respStmt"/>
  <elementRef key="title"/>
  <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
  <elementRef key="date"/>
  <elementRef key="textLang"/>
  <elementRef key="idno"/>
  <elementRef key="availability"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element analytic
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      author
    | editor
    | respStmt
    | title
    | model.ptrLike
    | date
    | textLang
    | idno
    | availability
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <analytic> (analytic level)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <analytic> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <analytic> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<analytic>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope>377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Boguraev, Branimir</author>
  <author>Neff, Mary</author>
  <title level="a">Text Representation, Dictionary Structure,
     and Lexical Knowledge</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">110-112</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <citedRange>378</citedRange>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<monogr>

<monogr> (monographic level) contains bibliographic elements describing an item (e.g. a book or journal) published as an independent item (i.e. as a separate physical object). [3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

core: biblStruct

May contain

core: author biblScope editor imprint meeting note noteGrp ptr ref respStmt textLang title

header: authority availability edition extent funder idno sponsor

tagdocs: listRef

Note

May contain specialized bibliographic elements, in a prescribed order.

The monogr element may only occur only within a biblStruct, where its use is mandatory for the description of a monographic-level bibliographic item.

Example

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0">
   <sequence>
    <alternate>
     <elementRef key="author"/>
     <elementRef key="editor"/>
     <elementRef key="meeting"/>
     <elementRef key="respStmt"/>
    </alternate>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <elementRef key="author"/>
     <elementRef key="editor"/>
     <elementRef key="meeting"/>
     <elementRef key="respStmt"/>
    </alternate>
    <elementRef key="title" minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
     <elementRef key="idno"/>
     <elementRef key="textLang"/>
     <elementRef key="editor"/>
     <elementRef key="respStmt"/>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
   <sequence>
    <alternate minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <elementRef key="title"/>
     <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
     <elementRef key="idno"/>
    </alternate>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <elementRef key="textLang"/>
     <elementRef key="author"/>
     <elementRef key="editor"/>
     <elementRef key="meeting"/>
     <elementRef key="respStmt"/>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
   <sequence>
    <elementRef key="authority"/>
    <elementRef key="idno"/>
   </sequence>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="availability"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.noteLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="edition"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="idno"/>
    <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
    <elementRef key="editor"/>
    <elementRef key="sponsor"/>
    <elementRef key="funder"/>
    <elementRef key="respStmt"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
  <elementRef key="imprint"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="imprint"/>
   <elementRef key="extent"/>
   <elementRef key="biblScope"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element monogr
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      (
         (
            ( author | editor | meeting | respStmt ),
            ( author | editor | meeting | respStmt )*,
            title+,
            ( model.ptrLike | idno | textLang | editor | respStmt )*
         )
       | (
            ( title | model.ptrLike | idno )+,
            ( textLang | author | editor | meeting | respStmt )*
         )
       | ( authority, idno )
      )?,
      availability*,
      model.noteLike*,
      (
         (
            edition,
            ( idno | model.ptrLike | editor | sponsor | funder | respStmt )*
         )*
      ),
      imprint,
      ( imprint | extent | biblScope )*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <monogr> (monographic level)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <monogr> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <monogr> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <biblStruct xml:lang="fr">
  <monogr>
   <author>Eugène Sue</author>
   <title>Martin, l'enfant trouvé</title>
   <title type="sub">Mémoires d'un valet de chambre</title>
   <imprint>
    <pubPlace>Bruxelles et Leipzig</pubPlace>
    <publisher>C. Muquardt</publisher>
    <date when="1846">1846</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<analytic>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope>377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Proceedings of a workshop on corpus resources</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Programme Organizer</resp>
   <name>Geoffrey Leech</name>
  </respStmt>
  <meeting>DTI Speech and Language Technology Club meeting, 3-4
     January 1990, Wadham College, Oxford</meeting>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">US</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">6885550</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.uspto.gov/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-04-26">April 26, 2005</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">EP</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">1558513</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">A1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-08-03"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2009-09-09"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Boguraev, Branimir</author>
  <author>Neff, Mary</author>
  <title level="a">Text Representation, Dictionary Structure,
     and Lexical Knowledge</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">110-112</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <citedRange>378</citedRange>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <edition>first edition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
   <date>1990</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Anouilh, Jean</author>
  <title>Antigone</title>
  <edition>première édition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>in Nouvelles pièces noires, La Table ronde</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <date>1955</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>王大明</author>
  <author>文天行</author>
  <author>廖全京</author>
  <title>抗戰文藝報刊編目彙編</title>
  <edition>初版</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>四川省社會科學院</publisher>
   <pubPlace>成都</pubPlace>
   <date>1984</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<series>

<series> (series information) contains information about the series in which a book or other bibliographic item has appeared. [3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.biblPart

Contained by

core: bibl biblStruct

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: biblScope cb editor ellipsis gap gb index lb milestone note noteGrp pb ptr ref respStmt textLang title

figures: figure notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: availability idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: listRef

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

character data

Example

<series xml:lang="de">
 <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
  <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
  <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
 </respStmt>
 <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
 <biblScope>Band 11</biblScope>
</series>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="title"/>
  <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
  <elementRef key="editor"/>
  <elementRef key="respStmt"/>
  <elementRef key="biblScope"/>
  <elementRef key="idno"/>
  <elementRef key="textLang"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <elementRef key="availability"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element series
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | title
    | model.ptrLike
    | editor
    | respStmt
    | biblScope
    | idno
    | textLang
    | model.global
    | availability
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <series> (series information)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <series> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <series> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<series>

<series xml:lang="de">
 <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
  <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
  <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
 </respStmt>
 <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
 <biblScope>Band 11</biblScope>
</series>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Iron Man 3 in 3D (Official Trailer German) Parodie</title>
  <respStmt>
   <name type="user">DieAussenseiter</name>
   <resp>posted video, created page</resp>
  </respStmt>
  <distributor>YouTube</distributor>
  <ptr type="url"
   target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WU_3-0UpU"/>
  <series>
   <title>DieAussenseiter’s Channel</title>
   <ptr target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCKn1vL4Ou4DKu0BlcK3NlDQ"/>
  </series>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<author>

<author> (author) in a bibliographic reference, contains the name(s) of an author, personal or corporate, of a work; for example in the same form as that provided by a recognized bibliographic name authority. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors 2.2.1. The Title Statement]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Member of

model.respLike

Contained by

core: analytic bibl monogr

header: editionStmt titleStmt

msdescription: msItem msItemStruct

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Particularly where cataloguing is likely to be based on the content of the header, it is advisable to use a generally recognized name authority file to supply the content for this element. The attributes key or ref may also be used to reference canonical information about the author(s) intended from any appropriate authority, such as a library catalogue or online resource.

In the case of a broadcast, use this element for the name of the company or network responsible for making the broadcast.

Where an author is unknown or unspecified, this element may contain text such as Unknown or Anonymous. When the appropriate TEI modules are in use, it may also contain detailed tagging of the names used for people, organizations or places, in particular where multiple names are given.

Example

<author>British Broadcasting Corporation</author>
<author>La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de (1634–1693)</author>
<author>Anonymous</author>
<author>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</author>
<author>
 <persName>Beaumont, Francis</persName>
and
<persName>John Fletcher</persName>
</author>
<author>
 <orgName key="BBC">British Broadcasting
   Corporation</orgName>: Radio 3 Network
</author>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element author
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <author> (author)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <author> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <author> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.canonical

<author>
 <name key="Hugo, Victor (1802-1885)"
  ref="http://www.idref.fr/026927608">Victor Hugo</name>
</author>

att.canonical

<author n="1">
 <name ref="http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/name-427308.html"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

<author n="2">
 <name ref="nzvn:427308"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

<author n="3">
 <name ref="./named_entities.xml#o427308"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

<author n="4">
 <name key="name-427308"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

att.edition

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1937">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Methuen</publisher>, <date>1937</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1968">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Dover</publisher>, <date>1968</date>
 </bibl>
</listBibl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Looking into the future aeons from the supreme moment of
the cosmos, I saw the populations still with all their
strength maintaining the<pb n="411" edRef="#stapledon1968"/>essentials of their ancient culture,
still living their personal lives in zest and endless
novelty of action, … I saw myself still
preserving, though with increasing difficulty, my lucid
con<pb n="291" break="no"
  edRef="#stapledon1937"/>sciousness;</p>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Two stories by Edgar Allen Poe: electronic version</title>
 <author>Poe, Edgar Allen (1809-1849)</author>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>James D. Benson</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <biblStruct xml:lang="fr">
  <monogr>
   <author>Eugène Sue</author>
   <title>Martin, l'enfant trouvé</title>
   <title type="sub">Mémoires d'un valet de chambre</title>
   <imprint>
    <pubPlace>Bruxelles et Leipzig</pubPlace>
    <publisher>C. Muquardt</publisher>
    <date when="1846">1846</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
 <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
 <publisher>OUP</publisher>
  <date>1968</date>. </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="#welch">
 <term>ceremonials</term>
 <term>fairs</term>
 <term>street life</term>
</keywords>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="welch">
 <bibl>
  <title>Notes on London Municipal Literature, and a Suggested
     Scheme for Its Classification</title>
  <author>Charles Welch</author>
  <edition>1895</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

2.6. The Revision Description

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Amorous Prince, or, the Curious Husband, 1671</title>
 <author>
  <persName ref="#abehn.aeh">Behn, Aphra</persName>
 </author>
 <respStmt xml:id="pcaton.xzc">
  <persName>Caton, Paul</persName>
  <resp>electronic publication editor</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="wgui.ner">
  <persName>Gui, Weihsin</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="jwernimo.lrv">
  <persName>Wernimont, Jacqueline</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: an annotated edition</title>
 <author xml:id="STC">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</author>
 <editor xml:id="JLL">John Livingston Lowes</editor>
</titleStmt>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<bibl ref="https://search.worldcat.org/title/song-of-achilles/oclc/911117343">
 <title>The song of Achilles</title> by <author>Madeline Miller</author>.
</bibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<bibl key="Homer_Iliad.16">Book 16 of <author>Homer</author>'s <title>Iliad</title>.</bibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Envisioning Information</title>
  <author>Tufte, Edward R[olf]</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <extent>126 pp.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn. USA</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
</biblFull>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl type="article"
 subtype="magazine_article" xml:id="beaupaire_1911">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Beaupaire</surname>
     (<forename>Edmond</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">A propos de la rue de la Femme-sans-Tête</title>,
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="j">La Cité</title>,
 <date when="1911-01">janvier 1911</date>, pp. <biblScope unit="page" from="5" to="17">5-17</biblScope>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

<analytic>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope>377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/95301405">John Warrack</author>. „Es waren seine letzten Töne!“
In <editor ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/263865979">Joachim Veit</editor>
and <editor ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/268371810">Frank Ziegler</editor> eds. Weber-Studien Bd. 3, Mainz (1996), pp.300–317

</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

<author>

<author>British Broadcasting Corporation</author>
<author>La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de (1634–1693)</author>
<author>Anonymous</author>
<author>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</author>
<author>
 <persName>Beaumont, Francis</persName>
and
<persName>John Fletcher</persName>
</author>
<author>
 <orgName key="BBC">British Broadcasting
   Corporation</orgName>: Radio 3 Network
</author>

<author>

<author>La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de (1634–1693)</author>
<author>Anonyme</author>
<author>Erckmann-Chatrian</author>
<author>
 <orgName key="ARTE">Association relative à la télévision européenne</orgName>
</author>

<author>

<author>中央日報</author>
<author>中央通訊社董事長馬星野</author>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Boguraev, Branimir</author>
  <author>Neff, Mary</author>
  <title level="a">Text Representation, Dictionary Structure,
     and Lexical Knowledge</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">110-112</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <citedRange>378</citedRange>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">L'Enracinement</title>
 <author>Simone Weil</author>, <title>Prélude à une déclaration des devoirs envers l'être
   humain </title>. <publisher>Gallimard</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">我的從影經過</title>。收錄於 <author>王漢倫</author>，<title>中國無聲電影</title>.
<publisher>北京：中國電影</publisher>
 <date>1996</date>。
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
<author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
<publisher>OUP</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <edition>first edition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
   <date>1990</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Anouilh, Jean</author>
  <title>Antigone</title>
  <edition>première édition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>in Nouvelles pièces noires, La Table ronde</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <date>1955</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>王大明</author>
  <author>文天行</author>
  <author>廖全京</author>
  <title>抗戰文藝報刊編目彙編</title>
  <edition>初版</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>四川省社會科學院</publisher>
   <pubPlace>成都</pubPlace>
   <date>1984</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language

<bibl>
 <author>Coombs, James H., Allen H. Renear,
   and Steven J. DeRose.</author>
 <title level="a">Markup Systems and the Future of Scholarly
   Text Processing.</title>
 <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
 <biblScope>30.11 (November 1987): 933–947.</biblScope>
 <note>Classic polemic supporting descriptive over procedural
   markup in scholarly work.</note>
</bibl>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<sourceDesc>
 <scriptStmt xml:id="CNN12">
  <bibl>
   <author>CNN Network News</author>
   <title>News headlines</title>
   <date when="1991-06-12">12 Jun 91</date>
  </bibl>
 </scriptStmt>
</sourceDesc>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<scriptStmt>

<scriptStmt>
 <bibl>
  <author>Craig Warner</author>
  <title>Strangers on a Train</title>
  <title type="sub">Based on the novel by Patricia Highsmith</title>
  <edition>French's acting edition</edition>
  <idno type="ISBN">978 0 573 01972 2</idno>
  <publisher>Samuel French Ltd</publisher>
 </bibl>
</scriptStmt>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>Radio Trent</author>
  <title>Gone Tomorrow</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Presenter</resp>
   <name>Tim Maby</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Producer</resp>
   <name>Mary Kerr</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">12 June 89, 1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>中國廣播公司</author>
  <title>司馬中原說鬼故事</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>司馬中原</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>常勤芬</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">1989年6月12日1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

10. Dictionaries

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années.</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
   <title>Le Cid</title>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">現代</usg>
 <def>胭脂和香粉，舊時借指婦女</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>那一年頌蓮留著齊耳的短髮，用一條天藍色的緞帶箍住，她的臉是圓圓的，不施脂粉，但顯得有點蒼白。</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>蘇童</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

11.6.2. Authors and Titles

<author>Diogenes Laertius</author>
<respStmt>
 <resp>in the translation of</resp>
 <name>Ambrogio Traversari</name>
</respStmt>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <locus>f. 1-223</locus>
  <author>Radulphus Flaviacensis</author>
  <title>Expositio super Leviticum </title>
  <incipit>
   <locus>f. 1r</locus> Forte Hervei monachi</incipit>
  <explicit>
   <locus>f. 223v</locus> Benedictio salis et aquae</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>
 <locus from="1" to="4">pp.1-4</locus>
 <author>不詳</author>
 <title xml:lang="zh-TW">麻薯舊社屯外委潘清章等立招給墾批總約字</title>
 <rubric>4號，第九例。</rubric>
 <finalRubric>代筆社記</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155368">數位典藏聯合目錄</ref>，國立臺灣大學圖書館管理</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="A">die sog. <soCalled>Kleine (oder alte)
     Heidelberger Liederhandschrift</soCalled>.
 <bibl>Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg col. pal.
     germ. 357. Pergament, 45 Fll. 18,5 × 13,5 cm.</bibl>
   Wahrscheinlich die älteste der drei großen Hss. Sie
 <quote>datiert aus dem 13. Jahrhundert, etwa um 1275. Ihre Sprache
     weist ins Elsaß, evtl. nach Straßburg. Man geht wohl nicht
     fehl, in ihr eine Sammlung aus dem Stadtpatriziat zu sehen</quote>
   (<bibl>
   <author>Blank</author>, [vgl. <ref>Lit. z. Hss. Bd. 2,
       S. 39</ref>] S. 14</bibl>). Sie enthält 34 namentlich
   genannte Dichter. <quote>Zu den Vorzügen von A gehört, daß
     sie kaum je bewußt geändert hat, so daß sie für
     manche Dichter ... oft den besten Text liefert</quote> (so wohl mit
   Recht <bibl>
   <author>v. Kraus</author>
  </bibl>).</witness>
 <witness xml:id="a">Bezeichnung <bibl>
   <author>Lachmann</author>
  </bibl>s für die von einer 2. Hand auf bl. 40–43
   geschriebenen Strophen der Hs. A.</witness>
 <witness xml:id="B">die <soCalled>Weingartner (Stuttgarter)
     Liederhandschrift</soCalled>. <bibl>Württembergische
     Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, HB XIII poetae germanici 1.
     Pergament, 156 Bll. 15 × 11,5 cm; 25 teils ganzseitig,
     teils halbseitige Miniaturen.</bibl> Kaum vor 1306 in Konstanz
   geschrieben. Sie enthält Lieder von 25 namentlich genannten
   Dichtern. (Dazu kommen Gedichte von einigen ungenannten
   bzw. unbekannten Dichtern, ein Marienlobpreis und eine
   Minnelehre.)</witness>
</listWit>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<org>

<org xml:id="JAMs">
 <orgName>Justified Ancients of Mummu</orgName>
 <desc>An underground anarchist collective spearheaded by
 <persName>Hagbard Celine</persName>, who fight the Illuminati
   from a golden submarine, the <name>Leif Ericson</name>
 </desc>
 <bibl>
  <author>Robert Shea</author>
  <author>Robert Anton Wilson</author>
  <title>The Illuminatus! Trilogy</title>
 </bibl>
</org>

16. Language Corpora

<derivation>

<derivation type="translation"
 source="#rosette"/>
<!-- ... -->
<!-- in the sourceDesc: -->
<bibl xml:id="rosette">
 <author>de Béranger, Pierre-Jean</author>. <date>1839</date>. "<title level="a">Rosette</title>". In <editor>H. Fournier</editor>, ed. <title level="m">Œuvres complètes de Béranger</title>. <biblScope unit="volume">Vol 2</biblScope> (p. <biblScope unit="page">29-30</biblScope>).
</bibl>

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<editor>

<editor> contains a secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Member of

model.respLike

Contained by

core: analytic bibl monogr series

header: editionStmt seriesStmt titleStmt

msdescription: msItem

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

A consistent format should be adopted.

Particularly where cataloguing is likely to be based on the content of the header, it is advisable to use generally recognized authority lists for the exact form of personal names.

Example

<editor role="Technical_Editor">Ron Van den Branden</editor>
<editor role="Editor-in-Chief">John Walsh</editor>
<editor role="Managing_Editor">Anne Baillot</editor>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element editor
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <editor>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <editor> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <editor> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="LDB">Lou Burnard</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="BZ">
  <resp>copy editing</resp>
  <name>Brett Zamir</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-02-02"
  status="public">Finished chapter 23</change>
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-01-02"
  status="draft">Finished chapter 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#LDB">Added examples to section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#MSM">Deleted chapter 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="fr_GK">G.K.</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="fr_RT">
  <resp>copie</resp>
  <name>R.T.</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<revisionDesc>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-02-02">Fin du chapitre 23</change>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-01-02">FIn du chapitre 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#fr_GK">Ajout d'exemples dans la section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#fr_MSM">Suppression du chapitre 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: an annotated edition</title>
 <author xml:id="STC">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</author>
 <editor xml:id="JLL">John Livingston Lowes</editor>
</titleStmt>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/95301405">John Warrack</author>. „Es waren seine letzten Töne!“
In <editor ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/263865979">Joachim Veit</editor>
and <editor ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/268371810">Frank Ziegler</editor> eds. Weber-Studien Bd. 3, Mainz (1996), pp.300–317

</bibl>

<editor>

<editor role="Technical_Editor">Ron Van den Branden</editor>
<editor role="Editor-in-Chief">John Walsh</editor>
<editor role="Managing_Editor">Anne Baillot</editor>

<editor>

<editor> Pierre-Jules Hetzel</editor>
<editor role="illustrator">George Roux</editor>

<editor>

<editor>王大明</editor>
<editor role="繪圖者">陳紅</editor>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<bibl>

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

16. Language Corpora

<derivation>

<derivation type="translation"
 source="#rosette"/>
<!-- ... -->
<!-- in the sourceDesc: -->
<bibl xml:id="rosette">
 <author>de Béranger, Pierre-Jean</author>. <date>1839</date>. "<title level="a">Rosette</title>". In <editor>H. Fournier</editor>, ed. <title level="m">Œuvres complètes de Béranger</title>. <biblScope unit="volume">Vol 2</biblScope> (p. <biblScope unit="page">29-30</biblScope>).
</bibl>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<respStmt>

<respStmt> (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. May also be used to encode information about individuals or organizations which have played a role in the production or distribution of a bibliographic work. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors 2.2.1. The Title Statement 2.2.2. The Edition Statement 2.2.5. The Series Statement]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Member of

model.recordingPart model.respLike

Contained by

core: analytic bibl imprint monogr series

header: editionStmt seriesStmt titleStmt

linking: annotation

msdescription: msItem msItemStruct

spoken: recording

May contain

core: name note resp

namesdates: orgName persName

Example

<respStmt>
 <resp>transcribed from original ms</resp>
 <persName>Claus Huitfeldt</persName>
</respStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<respStmt>
 <resp>converted to XML encoding</resp>
 <name>Alan Morrison</name>
</respStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <sequence>
    <elementRef key="resp" minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <classRef key="model.nameLike.agent"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence>
    <classRef key="model.nameLike.agent"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="resp" minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="note" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element respStmt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   (
      ( ( resp+, model.nameLike.agent+ ) | ( model.nameLike.agent+, resp+ ) ),
      note*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <respStmt> (statement of responsibility)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <respStmt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <respStmt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENSJ">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENSJ">
 <resp>Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

att.global.responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENS1_transcriber">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENS1_transcriber">
 <resp when="2014">Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a
   machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Two stories by Edgar Allen Poe: electronic version</title>
 <author>Poe, Edgar Allen (1809-1849)</author>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>James D. Benson</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Yogadarśanam (arthāt
   yogasūtrapūṭhaḥ):
   a digital edition.</title>
 <title>The Yogasūtras of Patañjali:
   a digital edition.</title>
 <funder>Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine</funder>
 <principal>Dominik Wujastyk</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Wieslaw Mical</name>
  <resp>data entry and proof correction</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Jan Hajic</name>
  <resp>conversion to TEI-conformant markup</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Le sanctoral du lectionnaire de l'office dominicain (1254-1256)</title>
 <funder>2008—..., École nationale des chartes</funder>
 <principal>Anne-Élisabeth Urfels-Capot</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>responsable des publications</resp>
  <name>Olivier Canteaut (École nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp> 2009—..., Éditeur électronique : du TEI à l'écran</resp>
  <name ref="vincent.jolivet@enc.sorbonne.fr">Vincent Jolivet (École nationale
     des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2009, Éditeur scientifique</resp>
  <name ref="pascale.bourgain@enc.sorbonne.fr">Pascale Bourgain (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2008, Conversion du document bureautique vers TEI</resp>
  <name ref="frederic.glorieux@enc.sorbonne.fr">Frédéric Glorieux (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>電子化</resp>
  <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.2. The Edition Statement

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Student's edition, <date>June 1987</date>
 </edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>New annotations by</resp>
  <name>George Brown</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">Students' edition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Adapted by </resp>
  <name>Elizabeth Kirk</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Deuxième édition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>réalisée par</resp>
  <name>L. F.</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">學生版</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>改編自</resp>
  <name>伊莉莎白．科克</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

2.2.5. The Series Statement

<seriesStmt>
 <title level="s">Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of
   Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Babel</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Jacques Dubois</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Hubert Nyssen</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">1140-3853</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>《印度文學研究》的電腦可讀文件</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>編者</resp>
  <name>珍．崗妲</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
</seriesStmt>

2.2.6. The Notes Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>…</title>
 <respStmt>
  <persName>Mark Cohen</persName>
  <resp>historical commentary</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <orgName>University of Toronto</orgName>
  <resp>OCR scanning</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.6. The Revision Description

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Amorous Prince, or, the Curious Husband, 1671</title>
 <author>
  <persName ref="#abehn.aeh">Behn, Aphra</persName>
 </author>
 <respStmt xml:id="pcaton.xzc">
  <persName>Caton, Paul</persName>
  <resp>electronic publication editor</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="wgui.ner">
  <persName>Gui, Weihsin</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="jwernimo.lrv">
  <persName>Wernimont, Jacqueline</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="LDB">Lou Burnard</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="BZ">
  <resp>copy editing</resp>
  <name>Brett Zamir</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-02-02"
  status="public">Finished chapter 23</change>
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-01-02"
  status="draft">Finished chapter 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#LDB">Added examples to section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#MSM">Deleted chapter 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="fr_GK">G.K.</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="fr_RT">
  <resp>copie</resp>
  <name>R.T.</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<revisionDesc>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-02-02">Fin du chapitre 23</change>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-01-02">FIn du chapitre 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#fr_GK">Ajout d'exemples dans la section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#fr_MSM">Suppression du chapitre 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr resp="#msm">dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

<!-- within the header for this document ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="msm">
 <resp>editor</resp>
 <name>C.M. Sperberg-McQueen</name>
</respStmt>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH-1">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH-1">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<series>

<series xml:lang="de">
 <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
  <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
  <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
 </respStmt>
 <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
 <biblScope>Band 11</biblScope>
</series>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<respStmt>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
 <persName from="1994-02" to="1994-05">Ashley Cross</persName>
 <persName from="1994-06" to="1994-10">Loren Noveck</persName>
</respStmt>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<respStmt>
 <persName>Erica Dillon</persName>
 <resp when="2000-08">annotated uncredited citations</resp>
 <resp when="2001-03">encoded named entities</resp>
</respStmt>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Proceedings of a workshop on corpus resources</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Programme Organizer</resp>
   <name>Geoffrey Leech</name>
  </respStmt>
  <meeting>DTI Speech and Language Technology Club meeting, 3-4
     January 1990, Wadham College, Oxford</meeting>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>transcribed from original ms</resp>
 <persName>Claus Huitfeldt</persName>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>Nouvelle édition originale</resp>
 <persName>Geneviève Hasenohr</persName>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>converti en langage SGML</resp>
 <name>Alan Morrison</name>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>謄寫自原始手稿</resp>
 <persName>徐大明</persName>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>轉換成SGML編碼</resp>
 <name>許雁</name>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>converted to XML encoding</resp>
 <name>Alan Morrison</name>
</respStmt>

<resp>

<respStmt>
 <resp ref="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/com.html">compiler</resp>
 <name>Edward Child</name>
</respStmt>

<resp>

<respStmt>
 <resp>compilateur</resp>
 <name>Edward Child</name>
</respStmt>

<resp>

<respStmt>
 <resp>編輯</resp>
 <name>林偉</name>
</respStmt>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>Radio Trent</author>
  <title>Gone Tomorrow</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Presenter</resp>
   <name>Tim Maby</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Producer</resp>
   <name>Mary Kerr</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">12 June 89, 1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>中國廣播公司</author>
  <title>司馬中原說鬼故事</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>司馬中原</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>常勤芬</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">1989年6月12日1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Iron Man 3 in 3D (Official Trailer German) Parodie</title>
  <respStmt>
   <name type="user">DieAussenseiter</name>
   <resp>posted video, created page</resp>
  </respStmt>
  <distributor>YouTube</distributor>
  <ptr type="url"
   target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WU_3-0UpU"/>
  <series>
   <title>DieAussenseiter’s Channel</title>
   <ptr target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCKn1vL4Ou4DKu0BlcK3NlDQ"/>
  </series>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

11. Manuscript Description

11.6.2. Authors and Titles

<author>Diogenes Laertius</author>
<respStmt>
 <resp>in the translation of</resp>
 <name>Ambrogio Traversari</name>
</respStmt>

11.6.2. Authors and Titles

<title type="supplied">Sermons on the Epistles and the Gospels</title>
<respStmt>
 <resp>here erroneously attributed to</resp>
 <name>St. Bonaventura</name>
</respStmt>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<respStmt xml:id="mp">
 <resp>Editorial emendations</resp>
 <name>Malcom Parkes</name>
</respStmt>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<add place="above" resp="#FB" hand="#WJ">But</add>
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr resp="#FB">one</corr>
</choice> must have lived ...
<!-- elsewhere -->
<respStmt xml:id="FB">
 <resp>editorial changes</resp>
 <name>Fredson Bowers</name>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="WJ">
 <resp>authorial changes</resp>
 <name>William James</name>
</respStmt>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

<annotation>

<annotation xml:id="ann1"
 motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#lifecycle-information and https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#agents -->
 <respStmt xml:id="fred">
  <resp>creator</resp>
  <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
 </respStmt>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change status="created"
   when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#fred"/>
  <change status="modified"
   when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#fred"/>
 </revisionDesc>
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#rights-information -->
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Multiple bodies -->
<!-- Pointers to sections of text in the same document -->
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
</annotation>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc01">
 <name>C. Colin Backslash</name>
 <resp>transcription</resp>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="prf01">
 <name>Erin Spelling</name>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<p>Θερινὴ τροπή
<lb/>
 <foreign xml:lang="hbo" xml:id="mp0a8"> ת
 <supplied reason="undefined">קו</supplied>
  <unclear>פ</unclear>
   ת תמוז
 </foreign>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere: -->
<respons target="#mp0a8" locus="name value"
 resp="#prf01"/>

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<resp>

<resp> (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility, or an organization's role in the production or distribution of a work. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors 2.2.1. The Title Statement 2.2.2. The Edition Statement 2.2.5. The Series Statement]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

Contained by

core: respStmt

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

The attribute ref, inherited from the class att.canonical may be used to indicate the kind of responsibility in a normalized form by referring directly to a standardized list of responsibility types, such as that maintained by a naming authority, for example the list maintained at http://www.loc.gov/marc/relators/relacode.html for bibliographic usage.

Example

<respStmt>
 <resp ref="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/com.html">compiler</resp>
 <name>Edward Child</name>
</respStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element resp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <resp> (responsibility)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <resp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <resp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENSJ">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENSJ">
 <resp>Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

att.global.responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENS1_transcriber">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENS1_transcriber">
 <resp when="2014">Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a
   machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Two stories by Edgar Allen Poe: electronic version</title>
 <author>Poe, Edgar Allen (1809-1849)</author>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>James D. Benson</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Yogadarśanam (arthāt
   yogasūtrapūṭhaḥ):
   a digital edition.</title>
 <title>The Yogasūtras of Patañjali:
   a digital edition.</title>
 <funder>Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine</funder>
 <principal>Dominik Wujastyk</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Wieslaw Mical</name>
  <resp>data entry and proof correction</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Jan Hajic</name>
  <resp>conversion to TEI-conformant markup</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Le sanctoral du lectionnaire de l'office dominicain (1254-1256)</title>
 <funder>2008—..., École nationale des chartes</funder>
 <principal>Anne-Élisabeth Urfels-Capot</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>responsable des publications</resp>
  <name>Olivier Canteaut (École nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp> 2009—..., Éditeur électronique : du TEI à l'écran</resp>
  <name ref="vincent.jolivet@enc.sorbonne.fr">Vincent Jolivet (École nationale
     des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2009, Éditeur scientifique</resp>
  <name ref="pascale.bourgain@enc.sorbonne.fr">Pascale Bourgain (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2008, Conversion du document bureautique vers TEI</resp>
  <name ref="frederic.glorieux@enc.sorbonne.fr">Frédéric Glorieux (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>電子化</resp>
  <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.2. The Edition Statement

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Student's edition, <date>June 1987</date>
 </edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>New annotations by</resp>
  <name>George Brown</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">Students' edition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Adapted by </resp>
  <name>Elizabeth Kirk</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition>Deuxième édition</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>réalisée par</resp>
  <name>L. F.</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

<editionStmt>

<editionStmt>
 <edition n="S2">學生版</edition>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>改編自</resp>
  <name>伊莉莎白．科克</name>
 </respStmt>
</editionStmt>

2.2.5. The Series Statement

<seriesStmt>
 <title level="s">Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of
   Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Babel</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Jacques Dubois</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Hubert Nyssen</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">1140-3853</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>《印度文學研究》的電腦可讀文件</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>編者</resp>
  <name>珍．崗妲</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
</seriesStmt>

2.2.6. The Notes Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>…</title>
 <respStmt>
  <persName>Mark Cohen</persName>
  <resp>historical commentary</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <orgName>University of Toronto</orgName>
  <resp>OCR scanning</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.6. The Revision Description

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Amorous Prince, or, the Curious Husband, 1671</title>
 <author>
  <persName ref="#abehn.aeh">Behn, Aphra</persName>
 </author>
 <respStmt xml:id="pcaton.xzc">
  <persName>Caton, Paul</persName>
  <resp>electronic publication editor</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="wgui.ner">
  <persName>Gui, Weihsin</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="jwernimo.lrv">
  <persName>Wernimont, Jacqueline</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="LDB">Lou Burnard</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="BZ">
  <resp>copy editing</resp>
  <name>Brett Zamir</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-02-02"
  status="public">Finished chapter 23</change>
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-01-02"
  status="draft">Finished chapter 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#LDB">Added examples to section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#MSM">Deleted chapter 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="fr_GK">G.K.</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="fr_RT">
  <resp>copie</resp>
  <name>R.T.</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<revisionDesc>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-02-02">Fin du chapitre 23</change>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-01-02">FIn du chapitre 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#fr_GK">Ajout d'exemples dans la section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#fr_MSM">Suppression du chapitre 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.1. Apparent Errors

… marginal comments which indicate that the
<choice>
 <corr resp="#msm">dates</corr>
 <sic>date's</sic>
</choice> mentioned in the main body of the text are
incorrect.

<!-- within the header for this document ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="msm">
 <resp>editor</resp>
 <name>C.M. Sperberg-McQueen</name>
</respStmt>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

<note>

And yet it is not only
in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the
painterly <note place="bottom" type="gloss"
 resp="#MDMH-1">
 <term xml:lang="de">Malerisch</term>. This word has, in the German, two
distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object,
the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid
confusion, they have been distinguished in English as
<mentioned>picturesque</mentioned> and
<mentioned>painterly</mentioned> respectively.
</note> style of the
Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this
psychological significance.

<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<respStmt xml:id="MDMH-1">
 <resp>translation from German to English</resp>
 <name>Hottinger, Marie Donald Mackie</name>
</respStmt>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<series>

<series xml:lang="de">
 <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
  <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
  <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
 </respStmt>
 <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
 <biblScope>Band 11</biblScope>
</series>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<respStmt>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
 <persName from="1994-02" to="1994-05">Ashley Cross</persName>
 <persName from="1994-06" to="1994-10">Loren Noveck</persName>
</respStmt>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<respStmt>
 <persName>Erica Dillon</persName>
 <resp when="2000-08">annotated uncredited citations</resp>
 <resp when="2001-03">encoded named entities</resp>
</respStmt>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Proceedings of a workshop on corpus resources</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Programme Organizer</resp>
   <name>Geoffrey Leech</name>
  </respStmt>
  <meeting>DTI Speech and Language Technology Club meeting, 3-4
     January 1990, Wadham College, Oxford</meeting>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>transcribed from original ms</resp>
 <persName>Claus Huitfeldt</persName>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>Nouvelle édition originale</resp>
 <persName>Geneviève Hasenohr</persName>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>converti en langage SGML</resp>
 <name>Alan Morrison</name>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>謄寫自原始手稿</resp>
 <persName>徐大明</persName>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>轉換成SGML編碼</resp>
 <name>許雁</name>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>converted to XML encoding</resp>
 <name>Alan Morrison</name>
</respStmt>

<resp>

<respStmt>
 <resp ref="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/com.html">compiler</resp>
 <name>Edward Child</name>
</respStmt>

<resp>

<respStmt>
 <resp>compilateur</resp>
 <name>Edward Child</name>
</respStmt>

<resp>

<respStmt>
 <resp>編輯</resp>
 <name>林偉</name>
</respStmt>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>Radio Trent</author>
  <title>Gone Tomorrow</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Presenter</resp>
   <name>Tim Maby</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Producer</resp>
   <name>Mary Kerr</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">12 June 89, 1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>中國廣播公司</author>
  <title>司馬中原說鬼故事</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>司馬中原</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>常勤芬</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">1989年6月12日1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Iron Man 3 in 3D (Official Trailer German) Parodie</title>
  <respStmt>
   <name type="user">DieAussenseiter</name>
   <resp>posted video, created page</resp>
  </respStmt>
  <distributor>YouTube</distributor>
  <ptr type="url"
   target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WU_3-0UpU"/>
  <series>
   <title>DieAussenseiter’s Channel</title>
   <ptr target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCKn1vL4Ou4DKu0BlcK3NlDQ"/>
  </series>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

11. Manuscript Description

11.6.2. Authors and Titles

<author>Diogenes Laertius</author>
<respStmt>
 <resp>in the translation of</resp>
 <name>Ambrogio Traversari</name>
</respStmt>

11.6.2. Authors and Titles

<title type="supplied">Sermons on the Epistles and the Gospels</title>
<respStmt>
 <resp>here erroneously attributed to</resp>
 <name>St. Bonaventura</name>
</respStmt>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<respStmt xml:id="mp">
 <resp>Editorial emendations</resp>
 <name>Malcom Parkes</name>
</respStmt>

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<add place="above" resp="#FB" hand="#WJ">But</add>
<choice>
 <sic>One</sic>
 <corr resp="#FB">one</corr>
</choice> must have lived ...
<!-- elsewhere -->
<respStmt xml:id="FB">
 <resp>editorial changes</resp>
 <name>Fredson Bowers</name>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="WJ">
 <resp>authorial changes</resp>
 <name>William James</name>
</respStmt>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

<annotation>

<annotation xml:id="ann1"
 motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#lifecycle-information and https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#agents -->
 <respStmt xml:id="fred">
  <resp>creator</resp>
  <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
 </respStmt>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change status="created"
   when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#fred"/>
  <change status="modified"
   when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#fred"/>
 </revisionDesc>
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#rights-information -->
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Multiple bodies -->
<!-- Pointers to sections of text in the same document -->
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
</annotation>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc01">
 <name>C. Colin Backslash</name>
 <resp>transcription</resp>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="prf01">
 <name>Erin Spelling</name>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<p>Θερινὴ τροπή
<lb/>
 <foreign xml:lang="hbo" xml:id="mp0a8"> ת
 <supplied reason="undefined">קו</supplied>
  <unclear>פ</unclear>
   ת תמוז
 </foreign>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere: -->
<respons target="#mp0a8" locus="name value"
 resp="#prf01"/>

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<title>

<title> (title) contains a title for any kind of work. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors 2.2.1. The Title Statement 2.2.5. The Series Statement]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.typed

@type

@subtype

level level⚓︎
indicates the bibliographic level for a title, that is, whether it identifies an article, book, journal, series, or unpublished material.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

a

(analytic) the title applies to an analytic item, such as an article, poem, or other work published as part of a larger item.

m

(monographic) the title applies to a monograph such as a book or other item considered to be a distinct publication, including single volumes of multi-volume works

j

(journal) the title applies to any serial or periodical publication such as a journal, magazine, or newspaper

s

(series) the title applies to a series of otherwise distinct publications such as a collection

u

(unpublished) the title applies to any unpublished material (including theses and dissertations unless published by a commercial press)

Note

The level of a title is sometimes implied by its context: for example, a title appearing directly within an analytic element is ipso facto of level ‘a’, and one appearing within a series element of level ‘s’. For this reason, the level attribute is not required in contexts where its value can be unambiguously inferred. Where it is supplied in such contexts, its value should not contradict the value implied by its parent element.

type type⚓︎
classifies the title according to some convenient typology.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

main

main title

sub

(subordinate) subtitle, title of part

alt

(alternate) alternate title, often in another language, by which the work is also known

short

abbreviated form of title

desc

(descriptive) descriptive paraphrase of the work functioning as a title

Note

This attribute is provided for convenience in analysing titles and processing them according to their type; where such specialized processing is not necessary, there is no need for such analysis, and the entire title, including subtitles and any parallel titles, may be enclosed within a single title element.

Member of

model.emphLike model.msQuoteLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine analytic author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned monogr name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote seriesStmt sponsor tagUsage titleStmt

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem msItemStruct musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The attributes key and ref, inherited from the class att.canonical may be used to indicate the canonical form for the title; the former, by supplying (for example) the identifier of a record in some external library system; the latter by pointing to an XML element somewhere containing the canonical form of the title.

Example

<title>Information Technology and the Research Process: Proceedings of
a conference held at Cranfield Institute of Technology, UK,
18–21 July 1989</title>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<title>Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles: a machine readable
edition</title>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<title type="full">
 <title type="main">Synthèse</title>
 <title type="sub">an international journal for
   epistemology, methodology and history of
   science</title>
</title>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element title
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute level { "a" | "m" | "j" | "s" | "u" }?,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <title> (title)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <title> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <title> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

23. Documentation Elements

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago-15_ed">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago-15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>.
<pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>:
<publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher>
(<date>2003</date>),
<biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.edition

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1937">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Methuen</publisher>, <date>1937</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1968">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Dover</publisher>, <date>1968</date>
 </bibl>
</listBibl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Looking into the future aeons from the supreme moment of
the cosmos, I saw the populations still with all their
strength maintaining the<pb n="411" edRef="#stapledon1968"/>essentials of their ancient culture,
still living their personal lives in zest and endless
novelty of action, … I saw myself still
preserving, though with increasing difficulty, my lucid
con<pb n="291" break="no"
  edRef="#stapledon1937"/>sciousness;</p>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago_15_ed">Grammatical theories are in flux, and the more we learn, the
   less we seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago_15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>. <pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of
   Chicago Press</publisher> (<date>2003</date>), <biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.global

<div type="bibl">
 <head>Selections from <title level="m">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797</title>
 </head>
 <listBibl xml:base="https://romantic-circles.org/sites/default/files/imported/editions/southey_letters/XML/">
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.3.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Grosvenor Charles Bedford</title>, <date when="1792-04-03">3 April 1792</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.57.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Anna Seward</title>, <date when="1793-09-18">18 September 1793</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.85.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Robert Lovell</title>, <date from="1794-04-05" to="1794-04-06">5-6 April, 1794</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</div>

2. The TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- Information about distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- Information about source from which the resource derives -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2. The File Description

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>
<!-- title of the resource -->
   </title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the edition of the resource -->
   </p>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
<!-- description of the size of the resource -->
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about the distribution of the resource -->
   </p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <seriesStmt>
   <p>
<!-- information about any series to which the resource belongs -->
   </p>
  </seriesStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>
<!-- notes on other aspects of the resource -->
   </note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>
<!-- information about the source from which the resource was derived -->
   </p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

<fileDesc>

<fileDesc>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The shortest possible TEI document</title>
 </titleStmt>
 <publicationStmt>
  <p>Distributed as part of TEI P5</p>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No print source exists: this is an original digital text</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>

<fileDesc>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Le document TEI minimal</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <p>Distribué comme partie de TEI P5</p>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <p>Aucune source : ce document est né numérique</p>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a
   machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Two stories by Edgar Allen Poe: electronic version</title>
 <author>Poe, Edgar Allen (1809-1849)</author>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>James D. Benson</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.1. The Title Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>Yogadarśanam (arthāt
   yogasūtrapūṭhaḥ):
   a digital edition.</title>
 <title>The Yogasūtras of Patañjali:
   a digital edition.</title>
 <funder>Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine</funder>
 <principal>Dominik Wujastyk</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Wieslaw Mical</name>
  <resp>data entry and proof correction</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <name>Jan Hajic</name>
  <resp>conversion to TEI-conformant markup</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Capgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a machine-readable transcription</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>compiled by</resp>
  <name>P.J. Lucas</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Le sanctoral du lectionnaire de l'office dominicain (1254-1256)</title>
 <funder>2008—..., École nationale des chartes</funder>
 <principal>Anne-Élisabeth Urfels-Capot</principal>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>responsable des publications</resp>
  <name>Olivier Canteaut (École nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp> 2009—..., Éditeur électronique : du TEI à l'écran</resp>
  <name ref="vincent.jolivet@enc.sorbonne.fr">Vincent Jolivet (École nationale
     des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2009, Éditeur scientifique</resp>
  <name ref="pascale.bourgain@enc.sorbonne.fr">Pascale Bourgain (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>2008, Conversion du document bureautique vers TEI</resp>
  <name ref="frederic.glorieux@enc.sorbonne.fr">Frédéric Glorieux (École
     nationale des chartes)</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<titleStmt>

<titleStmt>
 <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>電子化</resp>
  <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.5. The Series Statement

<seriesStmt>
 <title level="s">Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of
   Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Babel</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Jacques Dubois</name>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>directeur de collection</resp>
  <name>Hubert Nyssen</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">1140-3853</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>《印度文學研究》的電腦可讀文件</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>編者</resp>
  <name>珍．崗妲</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
</seriesStmt>

2.2.6. The Notes Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>…</title>
 <respStmt>
  <persName>Mark Cohen</persName>
  <resp>historical commentary</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <orgName>University of Toronto</orgName>
  <resp>OCR scanning</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <biblStruct xml:lang="fr">
  <monogr>
   <author>Eugène Sue</author>
   <title>Martin, l'enfant trouvé</title>
   <title type="sub">Mémoires d'un valet de chambre</title>
   <imprint>
    <pubPlace>Bruxelles et Leipzig</pubPlace>
    <publisher>C. Muquardt</publisher>
    <date when="1846">1846</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
 <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
 <publisher>OUP</publisher>
  <date>1968</date>. </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy xml:id="DDC12">
 <bibl>
  <title>Dewey Decimal Classification</title>
  <edition>Abridged Edition 12</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="#welch">
 <term>ceremonials</term>
 <term>fairs</term>
 <term>street life</term>
</keywords>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="welch">
 <bibl>
  <title>Notes on London Municipal Literature, and a Suggested
     Scheme for Its Classification</title>
  <author>Charles Welch</author>
  <edition>1895</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

2.6. The Revision Description

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Amorous Prince, or, the Curious Husband, 1671</title>
 <author>
  <persName ref="#abehn.aeh">Behn, Aphra</persName>
 </author>
 <respStmt xml:id="pcaton.xzc">
  <persName>Caton, Paul</persName>
  <resp>electronic publication editor</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="wgui.ner">
  <persName>Gui, Weihsin</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="jwernimo.lrv">
  <persName>Wernimont, Jacqueline</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="LDB">Lou Burnard</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="BZ">
  <resp>copy editing</resp>
  <name>Brett Zamir</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-02-02"
  status="public">Finished chapter 23</change>
 <change who="#BZ" when="2008-01-02"
  status="draft">Finished chapter 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#LDB">Added examples to section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#MSM">Deleted chapter 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

<change>

<titleStmt>
 <title> ... </title>
 <editor xml:id="fr_GK">G.K.</editor>
 <respStmt xml:id="fr_RT">
  <resp>copie</resp>
  <name>R.T.</name>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<revisionDesc>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-02-02">Fin du chapitre 23</change>
 <change who="#fr_RT" when="2008-01-02">FIn du chapitre 2</change>
 <change n="P2.2" when="1991-12-21"
  who="#fr_GK">Ajout d'exemples dans la section 3</change>
 <change when="1991-11-11" who="#fr_MSM">Suppression du chapitre 10</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

3.3.3. Quotation

<bibl xml:id="tlk_36">Tolkien (1936)</bibl> tells us that
<quote source="#tlk_36">
 <title>Beowulf</title> is in fact so interesting as
poetry, in places poetry so powerful, that this quite
overshadows the historical content
</quote>.

3.4.1.1. Some Further Examples

On the one hand the <title rend="italic">Nibelungenlied</title>
is associated with the new rise of romance of twelfth-century France,
the <foreign rend="italic">romans d'antiquité</foreign>, the
romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ...

3.6.4. Dates and Times

<p>The Eddic poems are preserved in a unique
manuscript (Codex Regius 2365) from
<date notBefore="1250" notAfter="1300">the second half of the
   thirteenth century</date>, and <title>Hervarar
   saga</title> dates from <date when="1300">around 1300</date>.</p>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: an annotated edition</title>
 <author xml:id="STC">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</author>
 <editor xml:id="JLL">John Livingston Lowes</editor>
</titleStmt>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<p>A book which had a great influence on him
was <bibl>Tufte's <title>Envisioning
     Information</title>
 </bibl>, although he may
never have actually read it.</p>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<p>A book which had a great influence on him
was Tufte's <title>Envisioning Information</title>,
although he may never have actually read it.</p>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<bibl ref="https://search.worldcat.org/title/song-of-achilles/oclc/911117343">
 <title>The song of Achilles</title> by <author>Madeline Miller</author>.
</bibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<bibl key="Homer_Iliad.16">Book 16 of <author>Homer</author>'s <title>Iliad</title>.</bibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Envisioning Information</title>
  <author>Tufte, Edward R[olf]</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <extent>126 pp.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn. USA</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
</biblFull>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl type="article"
 subtype="magazine_article" xml:id="beaupaire_1911">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Beaupaire</surname>
     (<forename>Edmond</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">A propos de la rue de la Femme-sans-Tête</title>,
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="j">La Cité</title>,
 <date when="1911-01">janvier 1911</date>, pp. <biblScope unit="page" from="5" to="17">5-17</biblScope>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

<analytic>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope>377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<series>

<series xml:lang="de">
 <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
  <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
  <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
 </respStmt>
 <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
 <biblScope>Band 11</biblScope>
</series>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>Saarikoski, Pirkko-Liisa, and Paavo Suomalainen,
<title level="a" type="main">Studies on the physiology of
   the hibernating hedgehog, 15</title>
 <title level="a" type="sub">Effects of seasonal
   and temperature changes on the in vitro glycerol release from
   brown adipose tissue</title>
 <title level="j">Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A4</title>
 <date>1972</date>
 <biblScope unit="volume">187</biblScope>
 <biblScope unit="page" to="4">1-4</biblScope>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich.
<title level="m" type="main">The swan lake ballet</title>
= <title level="m" type="parallel"
  xml:lang="fr">Le lac des cygnes</title>
: <title level="m" type="sub" xml:lang="fr">grand ballet en 4 actes</title>
: <title level="m" type="sub">op. 20</title>
[Score].
New York: Broude Brothers; [1951] (B.B. 59). vi, 685 p.</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Proceedings of a workshop on corpus resources</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Programme Organizer</resp>
   <name>Geoffrey Leech</name>
  </respStmt>
  <meeting>DTI Speech and Language Technology Club meeting, 3-4
     January 1990, Wadham College, Oxford</meeting>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<title>

<title>Information Technology and the Research Process: Proceedings of
a conference held at Cranfield Institute of Technology, UK,
18–21 July 1989</title>

<title>

<title>La vie mode d'emploi. Romans.</title>

<title>

<title>Analyser les textes de communication</title>

<title>

<title>Mélanges de linguistique française et de philologie et littérature médiévales
offerts à Monsieur Paul Imbs.</title>

<title>

<title>Les fleurs du Mal de Charles Baudelaire : une édition électronique</title>

<title>

<p>quand il rentre de ses chantiers de maçonnerie il dit rien, il pose son cul sur une
chaise, toujours au même endroit, et il lit <title>l'Humanité.</title>
</p>

<title>

<title>毛語錄</title>

<title>

<title>嚐書：視界與舌尖之外</title>

<title>

<title> 蒼天有淚—無語問蒼天，台北，1997年12月1日。</title>

<title>

<title>大般若波羅蜜多經：OCR辨識版本</title>

<title>

<title>Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles: a machine readable
edition</title>

<title>

<title type="full">
 <title type="main">Synthèse</title>
 <title type="sub">an international journal for
   epistemology, methodology and history of
   science</title>
</title>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Boguraev, Branimir</author>
  <author>Neff, Mary</author>
  <title level="a">Text Representation, Dictionary Structure,
     and Lexical Knowledge</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">110-112</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <citedRange>378</citedRange>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">L'Enracinement</title>
 <author>Simone Weil</author>, <title>Prélude à une déclaration des devoirs envers l'être
   humain </title>. <publisher>Gallimard</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">我的從影經過</title>。收錄於 <author>王漢倫</author>，<title>中國無聲電影</title>.
<publisher>北京：中國電影</publisher>
 <date>1996</date>。
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
<author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
<publisher>OUP</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <edition>first edition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
   <date>1990</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Anouilh, Jean</author>
  <title>Antigone</title>
  <edition>première édition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>in Nouvelles pièces noires, La Table ronde</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <date>1955</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>王大明</author>
  <author>文天行</author>
  <author>廖全京</author>
  <title>抗戰文藝報刊編目彙編</title>
  <edition>初版</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>四川省社會科學院</publisher>
   <pubPlace>成都</pubPlace>
   <date>1984</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language

<bibl>
 <author>Coombs, James H., Allen H. Renear,
   and Steven J. DeRose.</author>
 <title level="a">Markup Systems and the Future of Scholarly
   Text Processing.</title>
 <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
 <biblScope>30.11 (November 1987): 933–947.</biblScope>
 <note>Classic polemic supporting descriptive over procedural
   markup in scholarly work.</note>
</bibl>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<sp>
 <speaker>Lord Curryfin</speaker>
 <stage>(after a pause).</stage>
 <p>
  <q>Mass</q> as the second grave-digger says
   in <title>Hamlet</title>, <q>I cannot tell.</q>
 </p>
</sp>
<p>A chorus of laughter dissolved the sitting.</p>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>Le document TEI le plus court possible.</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>D'abord publié comme faisant partie de la TEI P2.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>Aucune source : il s'agit d'un document original.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>A peu pres, le document TEI le plus court envisageable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>TEI中文指引</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>將與TEI 中文在地化計劃等文件一同出版</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>譯自TEI P5 英文指引</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>這是TEI P5的中文指引...</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="dedication">
 <p>To my parents, Ida and Max Fish</p>
</div>
<div type="preface">
 <head>Preface</head>
 <p>The answer this book gives to its title question is <q>there is
     and there isn't</q>.</p>
 <p>Chapters 1–12 have been previously published in the
   following journals and collections:
 <list>
   <item>chapters 1 and 3 in <title>New literary History</title>
   </item>
   <item>chapter 10 in <title>Boundary II</title> (1980)</item>
  </list>.
   I am grateful for permission to reprint.</p>
 <signed>S.F.</signed>
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<front>
 <div1 type="incipit">
  <p>Here bygynniþ a book of contemplacyon, þe whiche
     is clepyd <title>þE CLOWDE OF VNKNOWYNG</title>,
     in þe whiche a soule is onyd wiþ GOD.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="prayer">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe preyer on þe prologe.</head>
  <p>God, unto whom alle hertes ben open, &amp; unto whome alle wille
     spekiþ, &amp; unto whom no priue þing is hid: I beseche
     þee so for to clense þe entent of myn hert wiþ þe
     unspekable 3ift of þi grace, þat I may parfiteliche
     loue þee &amp; worþilich preise þee. Amen.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="preface">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe prolog.</head>
  <p>In þe name of þe Fader &amp; of þe Sone &amp;
     of þe Holy Goost.</p>
  <p>I charge þee &amp; I beseeche þee, wiþ as moche
     power &amp; vertewe as þe bonde of charite is sufficient
     to suffre, what-so-euer þou be þat þis book schalt
     haue in possession ...</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="contents">
  <head>Here biginneþ a table of þe chapitres.</head>
  <list>
   <label>þe first chapitre </label>
   <item>Of foure degrees of Cristen mens leuing; &amp; of þe
       cours of his cleping þat þis book was maad vnto.</item>
   <label>þe secound chapitre</label>
   <item>A schort stering to meeknes &amp; to þe werk of þis
       book</item>
   <label>þe fiue and seuenti chapitre</label>
   <item>Of somme certein tokenes bi þe whiche a man may proue
       wheþer he be clepid of God to worche in þis werk.</item>
  </list>
  <trailer>&amp; here eendeþ þe table of þe chapitres.</trailer>
 </div1>
</front>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<performance>
 <p>The first performance in Great Britain of <title>Waiting for
     Godot</title> was given at the Arts Theatre, London, on
 <date when="1955-08-03">3rd August 1955</date>. It was directed by
 <name>Peter Hall</name>, and the décor was by <name>Peter
     Snow</name>. The cast was as follows:</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>Estragon: Peter Woodthorpe</castItem>
  <castItem>Vladimir: Paul Daneman</castItem>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<sourceDesc>
 <scriptStmt xml:id="CNN12">
  <bibl>
   <author>CNN Network News</author>
   <title>News headlines</title>
   <date when="1991-06-12">12 Jun 91</date>
  </bibl>
 </scriptStmt>
</sourceDesc>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<scriptStmt>

<scriptStmt>
 <bibl>
  <author>Craig Warner</author>
  <title>Strangers on a Train</title>
  <title type="sub">Based on the novel by Patricia Highsmith</title>
  <edition>French's acting edition</edition>
  <idno type="ISBN">978 0 573 01972 2</idno>
  <publisher>Samuel French Ltd</publisher>
 </bibl>
</scriptStmt>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>Radio Trent</author>
  <title>Gone Tomorrow</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Presenter</resp>
   <name>Tim Maby</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Producer</resp>
   <name>Mary Kerr</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">12 June 89, 1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>中國廣播公司</author>
  <title>司馬中原說鬼故事</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>司馬中原</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>常勤芬</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">1989年6月12日1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Iron Man 3 in 3D (Official Trailer German) Parodie</title>
  <respStmt>
   <name type="user">DieAussenseiter</name>
   <resp>posted video, created page</resp>
  </respStmt>
  <distributor>YouTube</distributor>
  <ptr type="url"
   target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WU_3-0UpU"/>
  <series>
   <title>DieAussenseiter’s Channel</title>
   <ptr target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCKn1vL4Ou4DKu0BlcK3NlDQ"/>
  </series>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

10. Dictionaries

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années.</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
   <title>Le Cid</title>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus>ff. 1-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus from="1r" to="24r">ff. 1-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus>ff. 1-12v, 18-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="1r" to="12v">ff. 1-12v</locus>
  <locus from="18" to="24r">ff. 18-24r</locus>
 </locusGrp>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="1r" to="12v"/>
  <locus from="18" to="24r"/>
 </locusGrp>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

<locus>

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

<locus>

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r -7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v -8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="fr">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v -11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation
     throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <summary>A collection of Lollard sermons</summary>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fol. 4r-8r</locus>
  <title>3rd Sunday Before Lent</title>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fol. 9r-16v</locus>
  <title>Sexagesima</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.2. Authors and Titles

<title type="supplied">Sermons on the Epistles and the Gospels</title>
<respStmt>
 <resp>here erroneously attributed to</resp>
 <name>St. Bonaventura</name>
</respStmt>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <locus>f. 1-223</locus>
  <author>Radulphus Flaviacensis</author>
  <title>Expositio super Leviticum </title>
  <incipit>
   <locus>f. 1r</locus> Forte Hervei monachi</incipit>
  <explicit>
   <locus>f. 223v</locus> Benedictio salis et aquae</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msItem defective="true">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title type="uniform">Ágrip af Noregs konunga sǫgum</title>
 <incipit defective="true">
  <lb/>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> seti ho<gap reason="illegible" quantity="7"
   unit="mm"/>
  <lb/>sc heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit defective="true">h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex> þa buit hesta .ij.
 <lb/>annan viþ fé en h<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> annan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
</msItem>

11.6.5. Text Classification

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1" defective="false"
  class="#law">
  <locus from="1v" to="71v">1v-71v</locus>
  <title type="uniform">Jónsbók</title>
  <incipit>Magnus m<ex>ed</ex> guds miskun Noregs k<ex>onungu</ex>r</incipit>
  <explicit>en<ex>n</ex> u<ex>ir</ex>da þo t<ex>il</ex> fullra aura</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>Beljakovski sbornik</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">Middle Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">
   <ref target="#DN17">Dujchev N 17</ref>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->
<msDesc xml:id="DN17">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Faraway</settlement>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- ... -->
</msDesc>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>元豐類稿</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">元大德八年丁思敬南豐刊本</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">王文進《文祿堂訪書記》</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">清內府《天祿琳琅書目》
  <ref target="#zh-tw_DN17"/>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->

<filiation>

<msItem>
 <title>明藏</title>
 <filiation>
  <p>明藏有四︰在南京刻的稱南藏，在北京刻的稱北藏，在浙江武林刻的稱武林藏，在徑山等處刻過的稱徑山或嘉興藏。徑山藏，是會合南北藏本而以北本為主的；日本的黃檗藏就是徑山藏的翻刻本，而卍字藏復淵源于黃檗藏，可見徑山藏給與日本的影響了。</p>
  <p>明藏因年代較近，國內外還有完整的存本；惟武林藏本，卻已全佚，其特點是始改梵夾為方冊。</p>
 </filiation>
</msItem>
<!--http://www.cbeta.org/data/budadata/hisutra.htm-->

<filiation>

<msItem>
 <title>Guan-ben</title>
 <filiation>
  <p>The "Guan-ben" was widely current among mathematicians in the
     Qing dynasty, and "Zhao Qimei version" was also read. It is
     therefore difficult to know the correct filiation path to follow.
     The study of this era is much indebted to Li Di. We explain the
     outline of his conclusion here. Kong Guangsen
     (1752-1786)(17) was from the same town as Dai Zhen, so he obtained
     "Guan-ben" from him and studied it(18). Li Huang (d. 1811)
     (19) took part in editing Si Ku Quan Shu, so he must have had
     "Guan-ben". Then Zhang Dunren (1754-1834) obtained this version,
     and studied "Da Yan Zong Shu Shu" (The General Dayan
     Computation). He wrote Jiu Yi Suan Shu (Mathematics
     Searching for One, 1803) based on this version of Shu Xue Jiu
     Zhang (20).</p>
  <p>One of the most important persons in restoring our knowledge
     concerning the filiation of these books was Li Rui (1768(21)
     -1817)(see his biography). ... only two volumes remain of this
     manuscript, as far as chapter 6 (chapter 3 part 2) p.13, that is,
     question 2 of "Huan Tian San Ji" (square of three loops),
     which later has been lost.</p>
 </filiation>
</msItem>
<!--http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~jochi/ed1.htm-->

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 109-119</locus>
  <title>金剛般若經依天親菩薩論贊略釋秦本義記卷上</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 120-129</locus>
  <title xml:lang="zh-TW">金剛經疏</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 1-1070</locus>
  <title>大般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第5冊</title>
   <biblScope>1070</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 771-775</locus>
  <title>佛說能斷金剛般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 752-757</locus>
  <bibl>
   <title>金剛般若波羅蜜經</title>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 1-8</locus>
  <title>梁朝傅大士頌金剛經</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r-7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v-8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="frm">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v-11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msItem class="#saga">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title>Agrip af Noregs konunga sögum</title>
 <incipit>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> setiho
 <gap reason="illegible" extent="7"/>sc
   heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit>h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex>þa buit hesta .ij. aNan viþ
   fé enh<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> aNan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="non">Old Norse/Icelandic</textLang>
</msItem>

<msItem>

<msItem>
 <locus>f.495</locus>
 <title>台灣隨筆</title>
 <incipit>幾荷蘭人由洋中來，假地日本，久而不帰，遂築城而有之。</incipit>
 <explicit>惟商舶可以航海，凡使節往來咸藉之。</explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItem>
<!-- http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155367 -->

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>
 <locus from="1" to="4">pp.1-4</locus>
 <author>不詳</author>
 <title xml:lang="zh-TW">麻薯舊社屯外委潘清章等立招給墾批總約字</title>
 <rubric>4號，第九例。</rubric>
 <finalRubric>代筆社記</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155368">數位典藏聯合目錄</ref>，國立臺灣大學圖書館管理</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc hands="3">
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-1" scope="minor">
  <p>The first part of the manuscript, <locus from="1v" to="72v:4">fols
       1v-72v:4</locus>, is written in a practised Icelandic Gothic bookhand. This hand
     is not found elsewhere.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-2" scope="major">
  <p>The second part of the manuscript, <locus from="72v:4" to="194v">fols
       72v:4-194</locus>, is written in a hand contemporary with the first; it can also
     be found in a fragment of <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>, <ref>AM 20b II
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-3" scope="minor">
  <p>The third hand has written the majority of the chapter headings. This hand
     has been identified as the one also found in <ref>AM 221
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
</handDesc>

<condition>

<condition>
 <p>There are lacunae in three places in this
   manuscript. After 14v two
   leaves has been cut out and narrow strips leaves remains in the spine. After
   68v one gathering is missing and after 101v at least one gathering of 8 leaves
   has been lost. </p>
 <p>Several leaves are damaged with tears or holes or have a
   irregular shape. Some of the damages do not allow the lines to be of full
   length and they are apparently older than the script. There are tears on fol.
   2r-v, 9r-v, 10r-v, 15r-18v, 19r-v, 20r-22v, 23r-v, 24r-28v, 30r-v, 32r-35v,
   37r-v, 38r-v, 40r-43v, 45r-47v, 49r-v, 51r-v, 53r-60v, 67r-v, 68r-v, 70r-v,
   74r-80v, 82r-v, 86r-v, 88r-v, 89r-v, 95r-v, 97r-98v 99r-v, 100r-v. On fol. 98
   the corner has been torn off. Several leaves are in a bad condition due to
   moist and wear, and have become dark, bleached or
   wrinkled. </p>
 <p>The script has been
   touched up in the 17th century with black ink. The touching up on the following
   fols. was done by
 <name>Bishop Brynjólf Sveinsson</name>: 1v, 3r, 4r, 5r,
   6v, 8v,9r, 10r, 14r, 14v, 22r,30v, 36r-52v, 72v, 77r,78r,103r, 104r,. An
   AM-note says according to the lawman
 <name>Sigurður Björnsson</name> that the rest of the
   touching up was done by himself and another lawman
 <name>Sigurður Jónsson</name>.
 <name>Sigurður Björnsson</name> did the touching up
   on the following fols.: 46v, 47r, 48r, 49r-v, 50r, 52r-v.
 <name>Sigurður Jónsson</name> did the rest of the
   touching up in the section 36r-59r containing
 <title>Bretasögur</title>
 </p>
</condition>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
    <title>The index of Middle English
         verse</title>
    <biblScope>123</biblScope>
   </bibl>.</p>
 </source>
</recordHist>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.2. Surrogates

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (master)</title>
  <idno>G.neg. 160</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (archive)</title>
  <idno>G.pos. 186</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 795 4to</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-27">27 January 1999</date>
  <note>copy of G.pos.
     186</note>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>reg.nr. 75</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-25">25 January 1999</date>
  <note>photographs of the spine, outside covers, stitching etc.</note>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <p>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
   <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>May 1984</date>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
   <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>1972</date>
  </bibl>
 </p>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">透明正片</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">黑白輸出</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<msPart>

<msPart>
 <msIdentifier>
  <idno>A</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Becker</collection>
   <idno>48, Nr. 145</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Wiener Liste</collection>
   <idno>4°5</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <head>
  <title xml:lang="la">Gregorius: Homiliae in Ezechielem</title>
  <origPlace key="tgn_7008085">Weissenburg (?)</origPlace>
  <origDate notBefore="0801"
   notAfter="0815">IX. Jh., Anfang</origDate>
 </head>
</msPart>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

Telle me also, to what conclusioun Were
membres maad, of generacioun And of so parfit wis a <choice xml:id="corr117">
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr>wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?
<!-- ... -->
<note target="#corr117">This emendation of the Hengwrt copy text, based on a Latin
source and on the reading of three late and usually unauthoritative
manuscripts, was proposed by E. Talbot Donaldson in
<bibl>
  <title>Speculum</title> 40 (1965) 626–33.</bibl>
</note>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <date notAfter="1816-07-18"/>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="mod1" when="1816-07-16">The first draft of
   <title>Persuasion</title>, completed by the date <date>July 16 1816</date>
       which is written after the word <q>Finis</q> at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>.</change>
   <change xml:id="mod2"
    notBefore="1816-07-16">After the <date>16th of July</date>
       Austen starts revision of the two final chapters, by rewriting the end and
       adding a new zone (<ref target="#transp-1">pages 32-35</ref>) to be inserted at
   <ref target="#insertion-p1">page 19</ref>. This stage is documented by the
       deletion of the date (<date>July 16 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>, and the addition of more text and of a new date (<date>July 18.
         1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-31">page 31</ref>
   </change>
   <change notBefore="1816-07-18">Before publication, after <date>July 18th,
         1816</date> chapters 10-11 were broken into three chapters, 10, 11, 12, as
       witnessed by the print.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<location>
 <geo>53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <bibl>
  <title>Roman Inscriptions of Britain</title>, <idno>262</idno>
 </bibl>
</location>

<org>

<org xml:id="JAMs">
 <orgName>Justified Ancients of Mummu</orgName>
 <desc>An underground anarchist collective spearheaded by
 <persName>Hagbard Celine</persName>, who fight the Illuminati
   from a golden submarine, the <name>Leif Ericson</name>
 </desc>
 <bibl>
  <author>Robert Shea</author>
  <author>Robert Anton Wilson</author>
  <title>The Illuminatus! Trilogy</title>
 </bibl>
</org>

<person>

<person xml:id="ariel" gender="U">
 <persName>Ariel</persName>
 <note>Character in <title level="m">The Tempest</title>.</note>
</person>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

16. Language Corpora

<derivation>

<derivation type="translation"
 source="#rosette"/>
<!-- ... -->
<!-- in the sourceDesc: -->
<bibl xml:id="rosette">
 <author>de Béranger, Pierre-Jean</author>. <date>1839</date>. "<title level="a">Rosette</title>". In <editor>H. Fournier</editor>, ed. <title level="m">Œuvres complètes de Béranger</title>. <biblScope unit="volume">Vol 2</biblScope> (p. <biblScope unit="page">29-30</biblScope>).
</bibl>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

<figure rend="float fullpage">
 <graphic url="Images/compic.png"/>
 <figDesc>The figure shows the page from the <title>Orbis
     pictus</title> of Comenius which is discussed in the text.</figDesc>
</figure>

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

<div type="chap"
 xml:base="http://classics.mit.edu/">
 <head>On Ancient Persian Manners</head>
 <p>In the very first story of <ref target="Sadi/gulistan.2.i.html">
   <title>The Gulistan of
       Sa'di</title>
  </ref>,
   Sa'di relates moral advice worthy of Miss Minners ...</p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.5.1. Correspondence

<title xml:id="SHIRLEY">Shirley</title>, which made
its Friday night debut only a month ago, was
not listed on <name xml:id="NBC">NBC</name>'s new schedule,
although <seg corresp="#NBC" xml:id="NETWORK">the network</seg>
says <seg corresp="#SHIRLEY" xml:id="SHOW">the show</seg>
still is being considered.

17.5.1. Correspondence

<title xml:id="shirley">Shirley</title>, which made
its Friday night debut only a month ago, was not
listed on <name xml:id="nbc">NBC</name>'s new schedule,
although <seg xml:id="network">the network</seg> says
<seg xml:id="show">the show</seg> still is being considered.

<linkGrp type="anaphoric_link"
 targFunc="antecedent anaphor">
 <link target="#shirley #show"/>
 <link target="#nbc #network"/>
</linkGrp>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valDesc>A bookseller's surname, taken from the list
in <title>Pollard and Redgrave</title>
</valDesc>

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<meeting>

<meeting> contains the formalized descriptive title for a meeting or conference, for use in a bibliographic description for an item derived from such a meeting, or as a heading or preamble to publications emanating from it. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

Member of

model.divWrapper model.respLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: bibl lg list monogr

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

header: editionStmt titleStmt

msdescription: msItem

textstructure: body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group

May contain

core: abbr address bibl biblStruct choice cit date desc distinct email emph expan foreign gloss hi label list listBibl measure measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: table

header: biblFull idno

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef tag val

textcrit: listApp listWit

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: am ex subst

character data

Example

<div>
 <meeting>Ninth International Conference on Middle High German Textual Criticism, Aachen,
   June 1998.</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>List of Participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.limitedContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element meeting
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   macro.limitedContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <meeting>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <meeting> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <meeting> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Proceedings of a workshop on corpus resources</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Programme Organizer</resp>
   <name>Geoffrey Leech</name>
  </respStmt>
  <meeting>DTI Speech and Language Technology Club meeting, 3-4
     January 1990, Wadham College, Oxford</meeting>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Ninth International Conference on Middle High German Textual Criticism, Aachen,
   June 1998.</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>List of Participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Colloque international : Duras, marges et transgressions, Nancy, 1er et 2 avril
   2005</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>liste des participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>2007第三屆亞太藝術教育國際研討會</meeting>
 <list type="參與者">
  <head>與會者名單</head>
  <item>
   <persName>馬桂順 </persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>仲瀨律久</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

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C Elements

<imprint>

<imprint> groups information relating to the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item. [3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

core: monogr

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: biblScope cb date ellipsis gap gb index lb milestone note noteGrp pb pubPlace publisher respStmt time

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: catRef classCode distributor

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
 <date>1987</date>
</imprint>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="classCode"/>
   <elementRef key="catRef"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <alternate>
    <classRef key="model.imprintPart"/>
    <classRef key="model.dateLike"/>
   </alternate>
   <elementRef key="respStmt" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element imprint
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      ( classCode | catRef )*,
      ( ( ( model.imprintPart | model.dateLike ), respStmt*, model.global* )+ )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <imprint>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <imprint> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <imprint> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <biblStruct xml:lang="fr">
  <monogr>
   <author>Eugène Sue</author>
   <title>Martin, l'enfant trouvé</title>
   <title type="sub">Mémoires d'un valet de chambre</title>
   <imprint>
    <pubPlace>Bruxelles et Leipzig</pubPlace>
    <publisher>C. Muquardt</publisher>
    <date when="1846">1846</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<analytic>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope>377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Proceedings of a workshop on corpus resources</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Programme Organizer</resp>
   <name>Geoffrey Leech</name>
  </respStmt>
  <meeting>DTI Speech and Language Technology Club meeting, 3-4
     January 1990, Wadham College, Oxford</meeting>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">US</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">6885550</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.uspto.gov/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-04-26">April 26, 2005</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">EP</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">1558513</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">A1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-08-03"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2009-09-09"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Boguraev, Branimir</author>
  <author>Neff, Mary</author>
  <title level="a">Text Representation, Dictionary Structure,
     and Lexical Knowledge</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">110-112</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <citedRange>378</citedRange>
</biblStruct>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
 <date>1987</date>
</imprint>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Les Éd. de Minuit</publisher>
 <date>2001</date>
</imprint>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>香港</pubPlace>
 <publisher>皇冠</publisher>
 <date>2005</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
 <date>1987</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Les Éditions de Minuit</publisher>
 <date>2001</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>上海</pubPlace>
 <publisher>上海古籍出版社</publisher>
 <date>2008</date>
</imprint>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <edition>first edition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
   <date>1990</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Anouilh, Jean</author>
  <title>Antigone</title>
  <edition>première édition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>in Nouvelles pièces noires, La Table ronde</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <date>1955</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>王大明</author>
  <author>文天行</author>
  <author>廖全京</author>
  <title>抗戰文藝報刊編目彙編</title>
  <edition>初版</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>四川省社會科學院</publisher>
   <pubPlace>成都</pubPlace>
   <date>1984</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<publisher>

<publisher> (publisher) provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item. [3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information 2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Member of

model.imprintPart model.publicationStmtPart.agency

Contained by

core: bibl imprint

header: publicationStmt

textstructure: docImprint

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Use the full form of the name by which a company is usually referred to, rather than any abbreviation of it which may appear on a title page

Example

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
 <date>1987</date>
</imprint>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element publisher
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <publisher> (publisher)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <publisher> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <publisher> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago-15_ed">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago-15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>.
<pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>:
<publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher>
(<date>2003</date>),
<biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.edition

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1937">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Methuen</publisher>, <date>1937</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1968">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Dover</publisher>, <date>1968</date>
 </bibl>
</listBibl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Looking into the future aeons from the supreme moment of
the cosmos, I saw the populations still with all their
strength maintaining the<pb n="411" edRef="#stapledon1968"/>essentials of their ancient culture,
still living their personal lives in zest and endless
novelty of action, … I saw myself still
preserving, though with increasing difficulty, my lucid
con<pb n="291" break="no"
  edRef="#stapledon1937"/>sciousness;</p>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago_15_ed">Grammatical theories are in flux, and the more we learn, the
   less we seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago_15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>. <pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of
   Chicago Press</publisher> (<date>2003</date>), <biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
 <idno type="ISBN">0-19-254705-4</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Copyright 1989, Oxford University Press</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Sigma Press</publisher>
 <address>
  <addrLine>21 High Street,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Wilmslow,</addrLine>
  <addrLine>Cheshire M24 3DF</addrLine>
 </address>
 <date>1991</date>
 <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
 <idno type="OTA">1256</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Available with prior consent of depositor for
     purposes of academic research and teaching only.</p>
 </availability>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Victoria, BC</pubPlace>
 <date>2011</date>
 <availability status="restricted">
  <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"> Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
  </licence>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>C. Muquardt </publisher>
 <pubPlace>Bruxelles &amp; Leipzig</pubPlace>
 <date when="1846"/>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>重慶大學出版社</publisher>
 <pubPlace>中國：重慶</pubPlace>
 <date when="2002"/>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>大塊文化</publisher>
 <pubPlace>台灣：台北</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>版權所有 翻印必究</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Chadwyck Healey</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>Available under licence only</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Zea Books</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Lincoln, NE</pubPlace>
 <date>2017</date>
 <availability>
  <p>This is an open access work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</p>
 </availability>
 <ptr target="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/55"/>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <biblStruct xml:lang="fr">
  <monogr>
   <author>Eugène Sue</author>
   <title>Martin, l'enfant trouvé</title>
   <title type="sub">Mémoires d'un valet de chambre</title>
   <imprint>
    <pubPlace>Bruxelles et Leipzig</pubPlace>
    <publisher>C. Muquardt</publisher>
    <date when="1846">1846</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
 <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
 <publisher>OUP</publisher>
  <date>1968</date>. </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<titlePage>
 <docTitle rendition="#center #x-space">
  <titlePart>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-large">THE POEMS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#small">OF</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #xx-large">ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#large #xx-space">IN SIX VOLUMES</hi>
  </titlePart>
  <titlePart rendition="#xx-space">
   <lb/> VOLUME I.
  <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #x-large">POEMS AND BALLADS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-space">FIRST SERIES</hi>
  </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docImprint rendition="#center">
  <lb/>
  <pubPlace rendition="#xx-space">LONDON</pubPlace>
  <lb/>
  <publisher rendition="#red #expanded">CHATTO &amp; WINDUS</publisher>
  <lb/>
  <docDate when="1904" rendition="#small">1904</docDate>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Envisioning Information</title>
  <author>Tufte, Edward R[olf]</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <extent>126 pp.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn. USA</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
</biblFull>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
 <date>1987</date>
</imprint>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Les Éd. de Minuit</publisher>
 <date>2001</date>
</imprint>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>香港</pubPlace>
 <publisher>皇冠</publisher>
 <date>2005</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
 <date>1987</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Les Éditions de Minuit</publisher>
 <date>2001</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>上海</pubPlace>
 <publisher>上海古籍出版社</publisher>
 <date>2008</date>
</imprint>

<pubPlace>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
</publicationStmt>

<pubPlace>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Editions Denoëll</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <date>1975</date>
</publicationStmt>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">L'Enracinement</title>
 <author>Simone Weil</author>, <title>Prélude à une déclaration des devoirs envers l'être
   humain </title>. <publisher>Gallimard</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">我的從影經過</title>。收錄於 <author>王漢倫</author>，<title>中國無聲電影</title>.
<publisher>北京：中國電影</publisher>
 <date>1996</date>。
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
<author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
<publisher>OUP</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <edition>first edition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
   <date>1990</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Anouilh, Jean</author>
  <title>Antigone</title>
  <edition>première édition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>in Nouvelles pièces noires, La Table ronde</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <date>1955</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>王大明</author>
  <author>文天行</author>
  <author>廖全京</author>
  <title>抗戰文藝報刊編目彙編</title>
  <edition>初版</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>四川省社會科學院</publisher>
   <pubPlace>成都</pubPlace>
   <date>1984</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

4. Default Text Structure

4.6. Title Pages

<front>
 <titlePage>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Is There a Text in This Class?</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub">The Authority of Interpretive Communities</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docAuthor>Stanley Fish</docAuthor>
  <docImprint>
   <publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Cambridge, Massachusetts</pubPlace>
   <pubPlace>London, England</pubPlace>
  </docImprint>
 </titlePage>
</front>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

<scriptStmt>

<scriptStmt>
 <bibl>
  <author>Craig Warner</author>
  <title>Strangers on a Train</title>
  <title type="sub">Based on the novel by Patricia Highsmith</title>
  <edition>French's acting edition</edition>
  <idno type="ISBN">978 0 573 01972 2</idno>
  <publisher>Samuel French Ltd</publisher>
 </bibl>
</scriptStmt>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<biblScope>

<biblScope> (scope of bibliographic reference) defines the scope of a bibliographic reference, for example as a list of page numbers, or a named subdivision of a larger work. [3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.citing

@unit

@from

@to

Member of

model.imprintPart

Contained by

core: bibl imprint monogr series

header: seriesStmt

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

When a single page is being cited, use the from and to attributes with an identical value. When no clear endpoint is provided, the from attribute may be used without to; for example a citation such as ‘p. 3ff’ might be encoded <biblScope from="3">p. 3ff</biblScope>.

It is now considered good practice to supply this element as a sibling (rather than a child) of imprint, since it supplies information which does not constitute part of the imprint.

Example

<biblScope>pp 12–34</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="12" to="34"/>
<biblScope unit="volume">II</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page">12</biblScope>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element biblScope
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.citing.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <biblScope> (scope of bibliographic reference)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <biblScope> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <biblScope> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

16. Language Corpora

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago-15_ed">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago-15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>.
<pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>:
<publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher>
(<date>2003</date>),
<biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago_15_ed">Grammatical theories are in flux, and the more we learn, the
   less we seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago_15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>. <pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of
   Chicago Press</publisher> (<date>2003</date>), <biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

2. The TEI Header

2.2.5. The Series Statement

<seriesStmt>
 <title level="s">Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of
   Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>Machine-Readable Texts for the Study of Indian Literature</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>ed. by</resp>
  <name>Jan Gonda</name>
 </respStmt>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
</seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>

<seriesStmt>
 <title>《印度文學研究》的電腦可讀文件</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>編者</resp>
  <name>珍．崗妲</name>
 </respStmt>
 <idno type="ISSN">0 345 6789</idno>
 <biblScope unit="volume">1.2</biblScope>
</seriesStmt>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl type="article"
 subtype="magazine_article" xml:id="beaupaire_1911">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Beaupaire</surname>
     (<forename>Edmond</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">A propos de la rue de la Femme-sans-Tête</title>,
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="j">La Cité</title>,
 <date when="1911-01">janvier 1911</date>, pp. <biblScope unit="page" from="5" to="17">5-17</biblScope>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

<analytic>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope>377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<series>

<series xml:lang="de">
 <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
 <respStmt>
  <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
  <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
  <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
 </respStmt>
 <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
 <biblScope>Band 11</biblScope>
</series>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>Saarikoski, Pirkko-Liisa, and Paavo Suomalainen,
<title level="a" type="main">Studies on the physiology of
   the hibernating hedgehog, 15</title>
 <title level="a" type="sub">Effects of seasonal
   and temperature changes on the in vitro glycerol release from
   brown adipose tissue</title>
 <title level="j">Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A4</title>
 <date>1972</date>
 <biblScope unit="volume">187</biblScope>
 <biblScope unit="page" to="4">1-4</biblScope>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Boguraev, Branimir</author>
  <author>Neff, Mary</author>
  <title level="a">Text Representation, Dictionary Structure,
     and Lexical Knowledge</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">110-112</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <citedRange>378</citedRange>
</biblStruct>

<biblScope>

<biblScope>pp 12–34</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="12" to="34"/>
<biblScope unit="volume">II</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page">12</biblScope>

<biblScope>

<biblScope>pp 12–34</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="12" to="34"/>
<biblScope unit="volume">II</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page">12</biblScope>

<biblScope>

<biblScope>頁數 12–34</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="頁數" from="12" to="34"/>
<biblScope unit="冊">II</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="頁數">12</biblScope>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language

<bibl>
 <author>Coombs, James H., Allen H. Renear,
   and Steven J. DeRose.</author>
 <title level="a">Markup Systems and the Future of Scholarly
   Text Processing.</title>
 <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
 <biblScope>30.11 (November 1987): 933–947.</biblScope>
 <note>Classic polemic supporting descriptive over procedural
   markup in scholarly work.</note>
</bibl>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

Nelson claims (<bibl ref="#NEL80">Nelson [1980] pages <biblScope unit="page" from="13" to="37">13–37</biblScope>
</bibl>) ...

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

<locus>

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

<locus>

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r -7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v -8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="fr">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v -11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation
     throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 109-119</locus>
  <title>金剛般若經依天親菩薩論贊略釋秦本義記卷上</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 120-129</locus>
  <title xml:lang="zh-TW">金剛經疏</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 1-1070</locus>
  <title>大般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第5冊</title>
   <biblScope>1070</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 771-775</locus>
  <title>佛說能斷金剛般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 752-757</locus>
  <bibl>
   <title>金剛般若波羅蜜經</title>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 1-8</locus>
  <title>梁朝傅大士頌金剛經</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r-7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v-8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="frm">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v-11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
    <title>The index of Middle English
         verse</title>
    <biblScope>123</biblScope>
   </bibl>.</p>
 </source>
</recordHist>

16. Language Corpora

<derivation>

<derivation type="translation"
 source="#rosette"/>
<!-- ... -->
<!-- in the sourceDesc: -->
<bibl xml:id="rosette">
 <author>de Béranger, Pierre-Jean</author>. <date>1839</date>. "<title level="a">Rosette</title>". In <editor>H. Fournier</editor>, ed. <title level="m">Œuvres complètes de Béranger</title>. <biblScope unit="volume">Vol 2</biblScope> (p. <biblScope unit="page">29-30</biblScope>).
</bibl>

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C Elements

<citedRange>

<citedRange> (cited range) defines the range of cited content, often represented by pages or other units. [3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.citing

@unit

@from

@to

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

Member of

model.biblPart

Contained by

core: bibl biblStruct

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

When a single page is being cited, use the from and to attributes with an identical value. When no clear endpoint is provided, the from attribute may be used without to; for example a citation such as ‘p. 3ff’ might be encoded <citedRange from="3">p. 3ff</citedRange>.

Example

<citedRange>pp 12–13</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="page" from="12" to="13"/>
<citedRange unit="volume">II</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="page">12</citedRange>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<bibl>
 <ptr target="#mueller01"/>, <citedRange target="http://example.com/mueller3.xml#page4">vol. 3, pp.
   4-5</citedRange>
</bibl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element citedRange
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.citing.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <citedRange> (cited range)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <citedRange> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <citedRange> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <citedRange>378</citedRange>
</biblStruct>

<citedRange>

<citedRange>pp 12–13</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="page" from="12" to="13"/>
<citedRange unit="volume">II</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="page">12</citedRange>

<citedRange>

<bibl>
 <ptr target="#mueller01"/>, <citedRange target="http://example.com/mueller3.xml#page4">vol. 3, pp.
   4-5</citedRange>
</bibl>

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C Elements

<pubPlace>

<pubPlace> (publication place) contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published. [3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Member of

model.imprintPart model.publicationStmtPart.detail

Contained by

core: bibl imprint

header: publicationStmt

textstructure: docImprint

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
</publicationStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element pubPlace
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <pubPlace> (publication place)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <pubPlace> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <pubPlace> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago-15_ed">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago-15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>.
<pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>:
<publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher>
(<date>2003</date>),
<biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago_15_ed">Grammatical theories are in flux, and the more we learn, the
   less we seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago_15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>. <pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of
   Chicago Press</publisher> (<date>2003</date>), <biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

2. The TEI Header

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
 <idno type="ISBN">0-19-254705-4</idno>
 <availability>
  <p>Copyright 1989, Oxford University Press</p>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <authority>James D. Benson</authority>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
 <date>1994</date>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Victoria, BC</pubPlace>
 <date>2011</date>
 <availability status="restricted">
  <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"> Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
  </licence>
 </availability>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>C. Muquardt </publisher>
 <pubPlace>Bruxelles &amp; Leipzig</pubPlace>
 <date when="1846"/>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>重慶大學出版社</publisher>
 <pubPlace>中國：重慶</pubPlace>
 <date when="2002"/>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>大塊文化</publisher>
 <pubPlace>台灣：台北</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>版權所有 翻印必究</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Chadwyck Healey</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>
 <availability>
  <p>Available under licence only</p>
 </availability>
 <date when="1992">1992</date>
</publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Zea Books</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Lincoln, NE</pubPlace>
 <date>2017</date>
 <availability>
  <p>This is an open access work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</p>
 </availability>
 <ptr target="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/55"/>
</publicationStmt>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <biblStruct xml:lang="fr">
  <monogr>
   <author>Eugène Sue</author>
   <title>Martin, l'enfant trouvé</title>
   <title type="sub">Mémoires d'un valet de chambre</title>
   <imprint>
    <pubPlace>Bruxelles et Leipzig</pubPlace>
    <publisher>C. Muquardt</publisher>
    <date when="1846">1846</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>UK edition</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>1231 pp</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>No source: this is an original work</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Hydraulique fluviale. Tome 16, Écoulement et phénomènes de transport dans les
     canaux à géométrie simple </title>
  <editor> Mustafa Siddik Altinakar</editor>
  <editor> René Walther</editor>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>2e édition corrigée</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>627 p.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Lausanne</pubPlace>
  <date>2008</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>Pas de source : il s'agit d'un document original</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

<biblFull>

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>勘誤表：審視後的生命</title>
  <author>喬治．史坦納。</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <editionStmt>
  <edition>台灣地區繁中版本</edition>
 </editionStmt>
 <extent>208面</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>行人出版社</publisher>
  <pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>
  <date>2007</date>
 </publicationStmt>
 <sourceDesc>
  <p>譯自 Errata: An Examined Life (1997)</p>
 </sourceDesc>
</biblFull>

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<titlePage>
 <docTitle rendition="#center #x-space">
  <titlePart>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-large">THE POEMS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#small">OF</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #xx-large">ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#large #xx-space">IN SIX VOLUMES</hi>
  </titlePart>
  <titlePart rendition="#xx-space">
   <lb/> VOLUME I.
  <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #x-large">POEMS AND BALLADS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-space">FIRST SERIES</hi>
  </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docImprint rendition="#center">
  <lb/>
  <pubPlace rendition="#xx-space">LONDON</pubPlace>
  <lb/>
  <publisher rendition="#red #expanded">CHATTO &amp; WINDUS</publisher>
  <lb/>
  <docDate when="1904" rendition="#small">1904</docDate>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblFull>
 <titleStmt>
  <title>Envisioning Information</title>
  <author>Tufte, Edward R[olf]</author>
 </titleStmt>
 <extent>126 pp.</extent>
 <publicationStmt>
  <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
  <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn. USA</pubPlace>
  <date>1990</date>
 </publicationStmt>
</biblFull>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Proceedings of a workshop on corpus resources</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Programme Organizer</resp>
   <name>Geoffrey Leech</name>
  </respStmt>
  <meeting>DTI Speech and Language Technology Club meeting, 3-4
     January 1990, Wadham College, Oxford</meeting>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
 <date>1987</date>
</imprint>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Les Éd. de Minuit</publisher>
 <date>2001</date>
</imprint>

<imprint>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>香港</pubPlace>
 <publisher>皇冠</publisher>
 <date>2005</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
 <date>1987</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <publisher>Les Éditions de Minuit</publisher>
 <date>2001</date>
</imprint>

<publisher>

<imprint>
 <pubPlace>上海</pubPlace>
 <publisher>上海古籍出版社</publisher>
 <date>2008</date>
</imprint>

<pubPlace>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
 <date>1989</date>
</publicationStmt>

<pubPlace>

<publicationStmt>
 <publisher>Editions Denoëll</publisher>
 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
 <date>1975</date>
</publicationStmt>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<bibl>

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <edition>first edition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
   <date>1990</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Anouilh, Jean</author>
  <title>Antigone</title>
  <edition>première édition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>in Nouvelles pièces noires, La Table ronde</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <date>1955</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>王大明</author>
  <author>文天行</author>
  <author>廖全京</author>
  <title>抗戰文藝報刊編目彙編</title>
  <edition>初版</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>四川省社會科學院</publisher>
   <pubPlace>成都</pubPlace>
   <date>1984</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

4. Default Text Structure

4.6. Title Pages

<front>
 <titlePage>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Is There a Text in This Class?</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub">The Authority of Interpretive Communities</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docAuthor>Stanley Fish</docAuthor>
  <docImprint>
   <publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Cambridge, Massachusetts</pubPlace>
   <pubPlace>London, England</pubPlace>
  </docImprint>
 </titlePage>
</front>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
Printed for <name>E. Nutt</name>,
at
<pubPlace>Royal Exchange</pubPlace>;
<name>J. Roberts</name> in
<pubPlace>wick-Lane</pubPlace>;
<name>A. Dodd</name> without
<pubPlace>Temple-Bar</pubPlace>;
and <name>J. Graves</name> in
<pubPlace>St. James's-street.</pubPlace>
 <date>1722.</date>
</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
Printed for <name>E. Nutt</name>,
at
<pubPlace>Royal Exchange</pubPlace>;
<name>J. Roberts</name> in
<pubPlace>wick-Lane</pubPlace>;
<name>A. Dodd</name> without
<pubPlace>Temple-Bar</pubPlace>;
and <name>J. Graves</name> in
<pubPlace>St. James's-street.</pubPlace>
 <date>1722.</date>
</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>PARIS</pubPlace>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
<pubPlace>Place de la Bourse</pubPlace>
</docImprint>
<docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <date>1995</date>年初版發行於<pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>：<pubPlace>麥田出版</pubPlace>，<name>王德威</name>主編 ; 另外亦出版於<pubPlace>香港</pubPlace>： <pubPlace>城邦</pubPlace>; <pubPlace>馬來西亞</pubPlace>：<pubPlace>城邦</pubPlace>。
</docImprint>

<docDate>

<docImprint>Lettres Modernes Minard, <pubPlace>PARIS-CAEN</pubPlace>
 <docDate>2003</docDate>
</docImprint>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>German Wikipedia Data Dump of 2019-08-01</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>Dump file in XML (compressed)</edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <extent>
   <measure unit="GiB" quantity="7.9"/>
  </extent>
  <publicationStmt>
   <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>
    <ptr target="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/"/>
   </pubPlace>
   <date when="2019-08-01">01 Aug 19</date>
   <idno type="dump-filename">dewiki-2019-08-01-pages-meta-current</idno>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<bibl>

<bibl> (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged. [3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References 2.2.7. The Source Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declarable

@default

att.docStatus

@status

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.biblLike model.biblPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add bibl cit corr del desc emph head hi item l listBibl meeting note orig p q quote ref reg relatedItem said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage taxonomy

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout msItem msItemStruct musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: climate event location object occupation org person personGrp persona place population state terrain trait

spoken: broadcast scriptStmt u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witDetail witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address author bibl biblScope cb choice citedRange corr date del distinct editor ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp meeting mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr pubPlace publisher q quote ref reg relatedItem respStmt rs series sic soCalled term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: availability distributor edition extent funder idno principal sponsor

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: decoNote depth dim explicit height incipit msIdentifier width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listRelation location nameLink objectIdentifier objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: code ident listRef

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

character data

Note

Contains phrase-level elements, together with any combination of elements from the model.biblPart class

Example

<bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to Literature in English (Yale,
1990)</bibl>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<bibl>
 <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
<author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
<publisher>OUP</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:bibl"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.highlighted"/>
  <classRef key="model.pPart.data"/>
  <classRef key="model.pPart.edit"/>
  <classRef key="model.segLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.biblPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element bibl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.docStatus.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.highlighted
    | model.pPart.data
    | model.pPart.edit
    | model.segLike
    | model.ptrLike
    | model.biblPart
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <bibl> (bibliographic citation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <bibl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <bibl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago-15_ed">Grammatical theories
   are in flux, and the more we learn, the less we
   seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago-15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>.
<pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>:
<publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher>
(<date>2003</date>),
<biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.edition

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1937">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Methuen</publisher>, <date>1937</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1968">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Dover</publisher>, <date>1968</date>
 </bibl>
</listBibl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Looking into the future aeons from the supreme moment of
the cosmos, I saw the populations still with all their
strength maintaining the<pb n="411" edRef="#stapledon1968"/>essentials of their ancient culture,
still living their personal lives in zest and endless
novelty of action, … I saw myself still
preserving, though with increasing difficulty, my lucid
con<pb n="291" break="no"
  edRef="#stapledon1937"/>sciousness;</p>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... --> As Willard McCarty (<bibl xml:id="mcc_2012">2012, p.2</bibl>) tells us, <quote source="#mcc_2012">‘Collaboration’ is a problematic and should be a contested
   term.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>

att.global.source

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago_15_ed">Grammatical theories are in flux, and the more we learn, the
   less we seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago_15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>. <pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of
   Chicago Press</publisher> (<date>2003</date>), <biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

att.global

<div type="bibl">
 <head>Selections from <title level="m">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797</title>
 </head>
 <listBibl xml:base="https://romantic-circles.org/sites/default/files/imported/editions/southey_letters/XML/">
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.3.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Grosvenor Charles Bedford</title>, <date when="1792-04-03">3 April 1792</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.57.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Anna Seward</title>, <date when="1793-09-18">18 September 1793</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.85.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Robert Lovell</title>, <date from="1794-04-05" to="1794-04-06">5-6 April, 1794</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</div>

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Taisho Tripitaka, Electronic version, No. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>底本來源</resp>
    <name>大藏出版株式會社</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>電子版本製作</resp>
    <name>中華電子佛典協會</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>中華電子佛典協會</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>11246 台北市北投區光明路276號4樓</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability>
    <p>本資料使用限定於非營利性用途，並需附上本標頭資訊。</p>
   </availability>
   <date>1998年12月</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 08, Nr. 251 般若波羅蜜多心經</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>預備格式轉換</p>
  </projectDesc>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date>19990721/18:35:54</date>CW以CBXML.BAT (99/6/30)轉換成XML</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by
   Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile, 1968)</bibl>
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
 <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
 <publisher>OUP</publisher>
  <date>1968</date>. </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy xml:id="DDC12">
 <bibl>
  <title>Dewey Decimal Classification</title>
  <edition>Abridged Edition 12</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy xml:id="b">
 <bibl>Brown Corpus</bibl>
 <category xml:id="b.a">
  <catDesc>Press Reportage</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="b.a1">
   <catDesc>Daily</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a2">
   <catDesc>Sunday</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a3">
   <catDesc>National</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a4">
   <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a5">
   <catDesc>Political</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.a6">
   <catDesc>Sports</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="b.d">
  <catDesc>Religion</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="b.d1">
   <catDesc>Books</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="b.d2">
   <catDesc>Periodicals and tracts</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="LCSH">
  <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#LCSH">
  <term>Political science</term>
  <term>United States -- Politics and government --
     Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<classDecl>

<classDecl>
 <taxonomy xml:id="RAMEAU">
  <bibl>Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié
     (RAMEAU) de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. <ptr target="http://rameau.bnf.fr/"/>
  </bibl>
 </taxonomy>
</classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<textClass>
 <keywords scheme="#RAMEAU">
  <term>Bien et mal -- Enseignement coranique</term>
 </keywords>
</textClass>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="tax.b">
 <bibl>Brown Corpus</bibl>
 <category xml:id="tax.b.a">
  <catDesc>Press Reportage</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a1">
   <catDesc>Daily</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a2">
   <catDesc>Sunday</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a3">
   <catDesc>National</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a4">
   <catDesc>Provincial</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a5">
   <catDesc>Political</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.a6">
   <catDesc>Sports</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="tax.b.d">
  <catDesc>Religion</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.d1">
   <catDesc>Books</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="tax.b.d2">
   <catDesc>Periodicals and tracts</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="fr_tax.a">
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a">
  <catDesc>littérature</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a.1">
  <catDesc>Drame bourgeois</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.a.1.α">
  <catDesc>Comédie larmoyante</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.b">
  <catDesc>Correspondance</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.b.1.a">
  <catDesc>Dernières lettres</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.c.">
  <catDesc>Littérature européenne -- 16e siècle</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.c.1">
  <catDesc>Satire de la Renaissance </catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d">
  <catDesc>Récits de voyage</catDesc>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d.1">
  <catDesc>Récits de la mer </catDesc>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<bibl>indexation selon le système d'indexation RAMEAU, géré par la Bibliothèque nationale de
France</bibl>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b">
 <bibl>布朗集</bibl>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a">
  <catDesc>媒體採訪報導</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a1">
   <catDesc>日報</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a2">
   <catDesc>週日</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a3">
   <catDesc>全國性</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a4">
   <catDesc>地方性</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a5">
   <catDesc>政治</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.a6">
   <catDesc>體育</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d">
  <catDesc>宗教</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d1">
   <catDesc>藝文</catDesc>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="zh-tw_tax.b.d2">
   <catDesc>期刊與短文</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>

<category>

<category xml:id="fr_tax.a.d2">
 <catDesc>Récits de voyage</catDesc>
</category>
<bibl>indexation selon le système d'indexation RAMEAU, géré par la Bibliothèque nationale de
France</bibl>

2.4.3. The Text Classification

<keywords scheme="#welch">
 <term>ceremonials</term>
 <term>fairs</term>
 <term>street life</term>
</keywords>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<taxonomy xml:id="welch">
 <bibl>
  <title>Notes on London Municipal Literature, and a Suggested
     Scheme for Its Classification</title>
  <author>Charles Welch</author>
  <edition>1895</edition>
 </bibl>
</taxonomy>

<classCode>

<classCode scheme="http://www.oclc.org/">801</classCode>
<bibl>classification Dewey</bibl>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Thomas Paine: Common sense, a
       machine-readable transcript</title>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The complete writings of Thomas Paine, collected and edited
       by Phillip S. Foner (New York, Citadel Press, 1945)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

3.3.3. Quotation

<bibl xml:id="tlk_36">Tolkien (1936)</bibl> tells us that
<quote source="#tlk_36">
 <title>Beowulf</title> is in fact so interesting as
poetry, in places poetry so powerful, that this quite
overshadows the historical content
</quote>.

<cit>

<cit>
 <quote>and the breath of the whale is frequently attended with such an insupportable smell,
   as to bring on disorder of the brain.</quote>
 <bibl>Ulloa's South America</bibl>
</cit>

<cit>

<cit>
 <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde</quote>
 <bibl>Jules Verne, Michel Strogof</bibl>
</cit>

<cit>

<cit>
 <quote>棋開始了。上千人不再出聲兒。只有自願服務的人一會兒緊一會兒慢地用話傳出棋步，外邊兒自願服務的人就變動著棋子兒。</quote>
 <bibl>阿城，《棋王》。</bibl>
</cit>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

Similar forms, often called
<term rend="ldquo rdquo">rewriting systems</term>, have a long history
among mathematicians, but the specific form of <ptr target="#fig22"/>
was first studied extensively by Chomsky <ptr type="bibliog" target="#chom59"/>.

<!-- ... -->
<figure xml:id="fig22">
 <graphic url="fig22.jpg"/>
</figure>
<!-- elsewhere, in the bibliography -->
<bibl xml:id="chom59">
<!-- citation for the book referenced above -->
</bibl>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
  <listBibl>
   <bibl> ... </bibl>
  </listBibl>
 </div>
 <divGen n="Index Nominum"
  type="INDEX-NAMES"/>
 <divGen n="Index Loci" type="INDEX-PLACES"/>
</back>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<p>A book which had a great influence on him
was <bibl>Tufte's <title>Envisioning
     Information</title>
 </bibl>, although he may
never have actually read it.</p>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

All of this is of course much more fully treated
in <bibl>Baxter, 1983</bibl>.

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<bibl ref="https://search.worldcat.org/title/song-of-achilles/oclc/911117343">
 <title>The song of Achilles</title> by <author>Madeline Miller</author>.
</bibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<bibl key="Homer_Iliad.16">Book 16 of <author>Homer</author>'s <title>Iliad</title>.</bibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<list>
 <head>Bibliography</head>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL80">
   <author>Nelson, T. H.</author>
   <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:
       a complete literary system</title>.
  <title level="m">Information Processing '80:
       Proceedings of the IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>.
  <editor>Simon H. Lavington</editor>
   <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>:
  <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
  <date>1980</date>.
  <biblScope>pp 1013–23
   </biblScope>
   <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
   <title>Literary Machines</title>.</note>
  </bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="NEL88">Ted Nelson: <title>Literary Machines</title>
     (privately published, 1987)</bibl>
 </item>
 <item>
  <bibl xml:id="BAX88">
   <author>Baxter, Glen</author>
   <title>Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>
     London: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
  </bibl>
 </item>
</list>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl type="article"
 subtype="magazine_article" xml:id="beaupaire_1911">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Beaupaire</surname>
     (<forename>Edmond</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">A propos de la rue de la Femme-sans-Tête</title>,
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="j">La Cité</title>,
 <date when="1911-01">janvier 1911</date>, pp. <biblScope unit="page" from="5" to="17">5-17</biblScope>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>Saarikoski, Pirkko-Liisa, and Paavo Suomalainen,
<title level="a" type="main">Studies on the physiology of
   the hibernating hedgehog, 15</title>
 <title level="a" type="sub">Effects of seasonal
   and temperature changes on the in vitro glycerol release from
   brown adipose tissue</title>
 <title level="j">Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A4</title>
 <date>1972</date>
 <biblScope unit="volume">187</biblScope>
 <biblScope unit="page" to="4">1-4</biblScope>
</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich.
<title level="m" type="main">The swan lake ballet</title>
= <title level="m" type="parallel"
  xml:lang="fr">Le lac des cygnes</title>
: <title level="m" type="sub" xml:lang="fr">grand ballet en 4 actes</title>
: <title level="m" type="sub">op. 20</title>
[Score].
New York: Broude Brothers; [1951] (B.B. 59). vi, 685 p.</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/95301405">John Warrack</author>. „Es waren seine letzten Töne!“
In <editor ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/263865979">Joachim Veit</editor>
and <editor ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/268371810">Frank Ziegler</editor> eds. Weber-Studien Bd. 3, Mainz (1996), pp.300–317

</bibl>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<bibl>
 <author>Lominandze, DG</author>.
<title level="m">Cyclotron waves in plasma</title>.
<respStmt>
  <resp>Translated by</resp>
  <name>AN. Dellis</name>
 </respStmt>;
<respStmt>
  <resp>edited by</resp>
  <name>SM. Hamberger</name>
 </respStmt>.
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
 <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Pergamon Press</publisher>,
<date>1981</date>.
<extent>206 p.</extent>
 <title level="s">International series in natural philosophy</title>.
<note place="inline">Translation of:
 <title xml:lang="ru-Latn" level="m">Ciklotronnye volny v
     plazme</title>.
 <idno type="ISBN">0-08-021680-3</idno>.
 </note>
</bibl>

<citedRange>

<bibl>
 <ptr target="#mueller01"/>, <citedRange target="http://example.com/mueller3.xml#page4">vol. 3, pp.
   4-5</citedRange>
</bibl>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<bibl>

<bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to Literature in English (Yale,
1990)</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>Mazelier, Roger : Gérard de Nerval et l’Humour divin, Le Mesnil Saint-Denis,
1995.</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">L'Enracinement</title>
 <author>Simone Weil</author>, <title>Prélude à une déclaration des devoirs envers l'être
   humain </title>. <publisher>Gallimard</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>蕭兵，《神話學引論》。台北：文津，2001。</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">我的從影經過</title>。收錄於 <author>王漢倫</author>，<title>中國無聲電影</title>.
<publisher>北京：中國電影</publisher>
 <date>1996</date>。
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl>
 <title level="a">The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>. In
<author>Victor E Neuberg</author>, <title>The Penny Histories</title>.
<publisher>OUP</publisher>
 <date>1968</date>.
</bibl>

<bibl>

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language

<bibl>
 <author>Coombs, James H., Allen H. Renear,
   and Steven J. DeRose.</author>
 <title level="a">Markup Systems and the Future of Scholarly
   Text Processing.</title>
 <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
 <biblScope>30.11 (November 1987): 933–947.</biblScope>
 <note>Classic polemic supporting descriptive over procedural
   markup in scholarly work.</note>
</bibl>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

Nelson claims (<bibl ref="#NEL80">Nelson [1980] pages <biblScope unit="page" from="13" to="37">13–37</biblScope>
</bibl>) ...

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div n="19" type="chap">
 <head>Chapter 19</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I pity the man who can travel
       from Dan to Beersheba, and say <q>'Tis all
         barren;</q> and so is all the world to him
       who will not cultivate the fruits it offers.
   </quote>
   <bibl>Sterne: Sentimental Journey.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>To say that Deronda was romantic would be to
   misrepresent him: but under his calm and somewhat
   self-repressed exterior ...</p>
</div>

<epigraph>

<epigraph xml:lang="la">
 <cit>
  <bibl>Lucret.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="F">petere inde coronam,</l>
   <l>Vnde prius nulli velarint tempora Musae.</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

<epigraph>

<epigraph xml:lang="zh">
 <cit>
  <bibl>俞平伯</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="N">小燕子其實也無所愛，</l>
   <l>只是沉浸在朦朧而飄忽的夏夜夢里罷了。</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<div n="2" type="chap">
 <head>Extracts</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a sub-sub-Librarian)</head>
 <p>It will be seen that this mere painstaking burrower and
   grubworm of a poor devil of a Sub-Sub appears to have gone
   through the long Vaticans and street-stalls of the earth,
   picking up whatever random allusions to whales he could
   anyways find ...
   Here ye strike but splintered hearts together — there,
   ye shall strike unsplinterable glasses!</p>
 <p>
  <cit>
   <quote>And God created great whales.</quote>
   <bibl>Genesis</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Leviathan maketh a path to shine after him;</l>
    <l>One would think the deep to be hoary.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>Job</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>By art is created that great Leviathan,
       called a Commonwealth or State — (in Latin,
   <mentioned xml:lang="la">civitas</mentioned>), which
       is but an artificial man.</quote>
   <bibl>Opening sentence of Hobbes's Leviathan</bibl>
  </cit>
 </p>
</div>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>à la mémoire de Raymond Queneau</p>
 </div>
 <div type="avertissement">
  <p>L'amitié, l'histoire et la littérature m'ont fourni quelques-uns
     des.personnages de ce livre. Toute autre ressemblance avec des
     individus vivants ou ayant réellement ou fictivement existé ne
     saurait être que coïncidence.</p>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde <bibl>(Jules Verne, Michel
         Strogoff )</bibl>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
 </div>
 <div type="preambule">
  <head>PRÉAMBULE</head>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>
    <q>L'œil suit les chemins qui lui ont été ménagés dans l'oeuvre
    <bibl>(Paul Klee, Pädagosisches Skizzenbuch)</bibl>
    </q>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
  <p> Au départ, l'art du puzzle semble un art bref, un art mince, tout
     entier contenu dans un maigre enseignement de la Gestalttheorie :
     ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<sourceDesc>
 <scriptStmt xml:id="CNN12">
  <bibl>
   <author>CNN Network News</author>
   <title>News headlines</title>
   <date when="1991-06-12">12 Jun 91</date>
  </bibl>
 </scriptStmt>
</sourceDesc>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<scriptStmt>

<scriptStmt>
 <bibl>
  <author>Craig Warner</author>
  <title>Strangers on a Train</title>
  <title type="sub">Based on the novel by Patricia Highsmith</title>
  <edition>French's acting edition</edition>
  <idno type="ISBN">978 0 573 01972 2</idno>
  <publisher>Samuel French Ltd</publisher>
 </bibl>
</scriptStmt>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>Radio Trent</author>
  <title>Gone Tomorrow</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Presenter</resp>
   <name>Tim Maby</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Producer</resp>
   <name>Mary Kerr</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">12 June 89, 1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>中國廣播公司</author>
  <title>司馬中原說鬼故事</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>司馬中原</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>常勤芬</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">1989年6月12日1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

8.3.4. Writing

<sourceDesc>
<!-- ...-->
 <bibl xml:id="FOL1">Shakespeare First Folio text</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="FOL2">Shakespeare Second Folio text</bibl>
<!-- ...-->
</sourceDesc>
<!-- ...-->
<u>[...] now compare the punctuation of lines 12 and 14 in these two
versions of page 42...
<writing source="#FOL1">[...]</writing>
 <writing source="#FOL2">[...]</writing>
</u>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Iron Man 3 in 3D (Official Trailer German) Parodie</title>
  <respStmt>
   <name type="user">DieAussenseiter</name>
   <resp>posted video, created page</resp>
  </respStmt>
  <distributor>YouTube</distributor>
  <ptr type="url"
   target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WU_3-0UpU"/>
  <series>
   <title>DieAussenseiter’s Channel</title>
   <ptr target="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCKn1vL4Ou4DKu0BlcK3NlDQ"/>
  </series>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

<post>

<post when="1990-10-11" who="#dmerritt"
 xml:id="sgml-tei-3" replyTo="#sgml-tei-1">
 <time generatedBy="system">04:37:51 UTC</time>
 <p>
  <seg generatedBy="system">In article
  <ref target="#sgml-tei-1"><2****.**********0@m*******.***.*****.**c.uk></ref> S.*.*.*****z@e**.*****.**c.uk (Sebastian Rahtz) writes:</seg>
  <cit>
   <bibl>[for] Lou Burnard:</bibl>
   <quote>the Text Encoding Initiative document is a many-splendoured thing,
       redolent of the mysterious east, caribbean evenings and the scent of
       fresh pine in the himalayas [...]</quote>
  </cit>
 </p>
 <p>Very poetic.</p>
 <p>But really, what is it?</p>
 <signed generatedBy="human">Doug</signed>
 <signed generatedBy="template">Doug Merritt ****@e***.********y.edu (ucbvax!eris!doug) or uunet.uu.net!crossck!dougm
 </signed>
</post>

10. Dictionaries

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années.</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
   <title>Le Cid</title>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">現代</usg>
 <def>胭脂和香粉，舊時借指婦女</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>那一年頌蓮留著齊耳的短髮，用一條天藍色的緞帶箍住，她的臉是圓圓的，不施脂粉，但顯得有點蒼白。</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>蘇童</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

<locus>

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

<locus>

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r -7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v -8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="fr">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v -11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation
     throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.4. Filiation

<msItem>
 <locus>118rb</locus>
 <incipit>Ecce morior cum nichil horum ... <ref>[Dn 13, 43]</ref>. Verba ista
   dixit Susanna de illis</incipit>
 <explicit>ut bonum comune conservatur.</explicit>
 <bibl>Schneyer 3, 436 (Johannes Contractus OFM)</bibl>
 <filiation>weitere Überl. Uppsala C 181, 35r.</filiation>
</msItem>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 109-119</locus>
  <title>金剛般若經依天親菩薩論贊略釋秦本義記卷上</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 120-129</locus>
  <title xml:lang="zh-TW">金剛經疏</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 1-1070</locus>
  <title>大般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第5冊</title>
   <biblScope>1070</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 771-775</locus>
  <title>佛說能斷金剛般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 752-757</locus>
  <bibl>
   <title>金剛般若波羅蜜經</title>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 1-8</locus>
  <title>梁朝傅大士頌金剛經</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r-7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v-8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="frm">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v-11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>
 <locus from="1" to="4">pp.1-4</locus>
 <author>不詳</author>
 <title xml:lang="zh-TW">麻薯舊社屯外委潘清章等立招給墾批總約字</title>
 <rubric>4號，第九例。</rubric>
 <finalRubric>代筆社記</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155368">數位典藏聯合目錄</ref>，國立臺灣大學圖書館管理</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

11.7.3.2. Seals

<sealDesc>
 <seal n="1" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>Round seal of <name>Anders Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         930</ref>
   </bibl>. Parchment tag, on which is written: <quote>pertinere nos
       predictorum placiti nostri iusticarii precessorum dif</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
 <seal n="2" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         1061</ref>
   </bibl>. Legend: <quote>S IOHANNES OLAVI</quote>. Parchment tag on
     which is written: <quote>Woldorp Iohanne G</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- record history here -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- custodial history here -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- information about surrogates here -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- full bibliography here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- 檔案歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- 保管歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- 代用品資訊 -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- 完整參考書目 -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
    <title>The index of Middle English
         verse</title>
    <biblScope>123</biblScope>
   </bibl>.</p>
 </source>
</recordHist>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.2. Surrogates

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (master)</title>
  <idno>G.neg. 160</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (archive)</title>
  <idno>G.pos. 186</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 795 4to</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-27">27 January 1999</date>
  <note>copy of G.pos.
     186</note>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>reg.nr. 75</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-25">25 January 1999</date>
  <note>photographs of the spine, outside covers, stitching etc.</note>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <p>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
   <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>May 1984</date>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
   <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>1972</date>
  </bibl>
 </p>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">透明正片</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">黑白輸出</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

Telle me also, to what conclusioun Were
membres maad, of generacioun And of so parfit wis a <choice xml:id="corr117">
 <sic>wight</sic>
 <corr>wright</corr>
</choice> ywroght?
<!-- ... -->
<note target="#corr117">This emendation of the Hengwrt copy text, based on a Latin
source and on the reading of three late and usually unauthoritative
manuscripts, was proposed by E. Talbot Donaldson in
<bibl>
  <title>Speculum</title> 40 (1965) 626–33.</bibl>
</note>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="A">die sog. <soCalled>Kleine (oder alte)
     Heidelberger Liederhandschrift</soCalled>.
 <bibl>Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg col. pal.
     germ. 357. Pergament, 45 Fll. 18,5 × 13,5 cm.</bibl>
   Wahrscheinlich die älteste der drei großen Hss. Sie
 <quote>datiert aus dem 13. Jahrhundert, etwa um 1275. Ihre Sprache
     weist ins Elsaß, evtl. nach Straßburg. Man geht wohl nicht
     fehl, in ihr eine Sammlung aus dem Stadtpatriziat zu sehen</quote>
   (<bibl>
   <author>Blank</author>, [vgl. <ref>Lit. z. Hss. Bd. 2,
       S. 39</ref>] S. 14</bibl>). Sie enthält 34 namentlich
   genannte Dichter. <quote>Zu den Vorzügen von A gehört, daß
     sie kaum je bewußt geändert hat, so daß sie für
     manche Dichter ... oft den besten Text liefert</quote> (so wohl mit
   Recht <bibl>
   <author>v. Kraus</author>
  </bibl>).</witness>
 <witness xml:id="a">Bezeichnung <bibl>
   <author>Lachmann</author>
  </bibl>s für die von einer 2. Hand auf bl. 40–43
   geschriebenen Strophen der Hs. A.</witness>
 <witness xml:id="B">die <soCalled>Weingartner (Stuttgarter)
     Liederhandschrift</soCalled>. <bibl>Württembergische
     Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, HB XIII poetae germanici 1.
     Pergament, 156 Bll. 15 × 11,5 cm; 25 teils ganzseitig,
     teils halbseitige Miniaturen.</bibl> Kaum vor 1306 in Konstanz
   geschrieben. Sie enthält Lieder von 25 namentlich genannten
   Dichtern. (Dazu kommen Gedichte von einigen ungenannten
   bzw. unbekannten Dichtern, ein Marienlobpreis und eine
   Minnelehre.)</witness>
</listWit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="bcn_1482">T. Kempis, De la imitació de Jesuchrist e del
   menyspreu del món (trad. Miquel Peres); Barcelona, 1482, Pere
   Posa. Editio princeps.</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="val_1491">T. Kempis, Del menyspreu del món (trad. Miquel
   Peres); València, 1491.</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="bcn_1518">T. Kempis, Libre del menysprey del món e de la
   imitació de nostre senyor Déu Jesucrist, (trad. Miquel Peres);
   Barcelona, 1518, Carles Amorós. </bibl>
</listBibl>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<state type="office" from="1777-04-07"
 to="1780-07-12">
 <p>Jón's first living — which he apparently accepted rather reluctantly — was at <name type="place">Háls í
     Hamarsfirði</name>, <name type="place">Múlasýsla</name>, to which he was presented on 7 April 1777. He was
   ordained the following month and spent three years at Háls, but was never happy there, due largely to the general
   penury in which he was forced to live — a recurrent theme throughout the early part of his life. In June of 1780
   the bishop recommended that Jón should <q xml:lang="da">promoveres til andet bedre kald, end det hand hidindtil
     har havt</q>, and on 12 July it was agreed that he should exchange livings with <name type="person"
   ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:ThorJon">sr. Þórður Jónsson</name> at <name type="place">Kálfafell á Síðu</name>,
 <name type="place">Skaftafellssýsla</name>.</p>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.15, p. 733.</bibl>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.17, p.
   102.</bibl>
</state>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<location>
 <geo>53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <bibl>
  <title>Roman Inscriptions of Britain</title>, <idno>262</idno>
 </bibl>
</location>

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

<org>

<org xml:id="JAMs">
 <orgName>Justified Ancients of Mummu</orgName>
 <desc>An underground anarchist collective spearheaded by
 <persName>Hagbard Celine</persName>, who fight the Illuminati
   from a golden submarine, the <name>Leif Ericson</name>
 </desc>
 <bibl>
  <author>Robert Shea</author>
  <author>Robert Anton Wilson</author>
  <title>The Illuminatus! Trilogy</title>
 </bibl>
</org>

<person>

<person age="G2" role="author"
 xml:id="W0212" sex="F">
 <birth when="1787"/>
 <death when="1855"/>
 <persName type="main">Mitford, Mary Russell (1787–1855)</persName>
 <persName resp="#Nicoll">MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL</persName>
 <listBibl type="lacyTitles">
  <desc>Lacy's Acting Editions</desc>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1280">Foscari</ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1337">Rienzi</ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
 <listRef type="seeAlso">
  <ref target="https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1386">ATCL</ref>
  <ref target="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18859">ODNB</ref>
  <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford">Wikipedia</ref>
  <ref target="https://digitalmitford.org">Digital Mitford</ref>
 </listRef>
</person>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

16. Language Corpora

<derivation>

<derivation type="translation"
 source="#rosette"/>
<!-- ... -->
<!-- in the sourceDesc: -->
<bibl xml:id="rosette">
 <author>de Béranger, Pierre-Jean</author>. <date>1839</date>. "<title level="a">Rosette</title>". In <editor>H. Fournier</editor>, ed. <title level="m">Œuvres complètes de Béranger</title>. <biblScope unit="volume">Vol 2</biblScope> (p. <biblScope unit="page">29-30</biblScope>).
</bibl>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,</l>
<l>
 <note type="imitation" place="bottom">
  <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
   <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
  </quote>
 </note>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,
</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,
<ptr rend="unmarked" target="#note3.284"/>
</l>
<l>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>
<note xml:id="note3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
 </quote>
</note>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note type="imitation" place="bottom"
 target="#L3.284">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note xml:id="n3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>
<link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.3. Groups of Links

<l xml:id="L2.79">A place there is, betwixt earth, air and seas</l>
<l xml:id="L2.80">Where from Ambrosia, Jove retires for ease.</l>
<!-- ... -->
<l xml:id="L2.88">Sign'd with that Ichor which from Gods distills.</l>
<!-- ... -->
<note xml:id="n2.79" place="bottom"
 anchored="false">
 <bibl>Ovid Met. 12.</bibl>
 <quote xml:lang="la">
  <l>Orbe locus media est, inter terrasq; fretumq;</l>
  <l>Cœlestesq; plagas —</l>
 </quote>
</note>
<note xml:id="n2.88" place="bottom"
 anchored="false"> Alludes to <bibl>Homer, Iliad 5</bibl> ...
</note>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

<interpGrp>

<interpGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <desc>basic structural organization</desc>
 <interp xml:id="I1">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I2">conflict</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I3">climax</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I4">revenge</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I5">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I6">aftermath</interp>
</interpGrp>
<bibl xml:id="TMA">
<!-- bibliographic citation for source of this interpretive framework -->
</bibl>

<interpGrp>

<interpGrp resp="#zh-tw_TMA" type="段落架構">
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註11">序</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I2">衝突</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I3">高潮</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I4">復仇</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I5">調和</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I6">結局</interp>
</interpGrp>
<bibl xml:id="zh-tw_TMA">
<!-- 註明資料來源-->
</bibl>

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<biblStruct>

<biblStruct> (structured bibliographic citation) contains a structured bibliographic citation, in which only bibliographic sub-elements appear and in a specified order. [3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References 2.2.7. The Source Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declarable

@default

att.docStatus

@status

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.biblLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add cit corr del desc emph head hi item l listBibl meeting note orig p q quote ref reg relatedItem said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage taxonomy

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout msItem msItemStruct musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: climate event location object occupation org person personGrp persona place population state terrain trait

spoken: broadcast scriptStmt u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: analytic citedRange monogr note noteGrp ptr ref relatedItem series

tagdocs: listRef

Example

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <edition>first edition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
   <date>1990</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:biblStruct"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="analytic" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="monogr"/>
   <elementRef key="series" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
   <elementRef key="relatedItem"/>
   <elementRef key="citedRange"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element biblStruct
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.docStatus.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      analytic*,
      ( ( monogr, series* )+ ),
      ( model.noteLike | model.ptrLike | relatedItem | citedRange )*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <biblStruct> (structured bibliographic citation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <biblStruct> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <biblStruct> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>La Parisienne</title>
   <author>Henry BECQUE</author>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>ATILF (Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française)</distributor>
   <idno type="FRANTEXT">L434</idno>
   <address>
    <addrLine>44, avenue de la Libération</addrLine>
    <addrLine>BP 30687</addrLine>
    <addrLine>54063 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
    <addrLine>FRANCE</addrLine>
   </address>
   <availability status="free">
    <p>Dans un cadre de recherche ou d'enseignement</p>
   </availability>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <imprint>
      <publisher>Paris : Fasquelle, 1922.</publisher>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1885</date>
  </creation>
 </profileDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.2.7. The Source Description

<sourceDesc>
 <biblStruct xml:lang="fr">
  <monogr>
   <author>Eugène Sue</author>
   <title>Martin, l'enfant trouvé</title>
   <title type="sub">Mémoires d'un valet de chambre</title>
   <imprint>
    <pubPlace>Bruxelles et Leipzig</pubPlace>
    <publisher>C. Muquardt</publisher>
    <date when="1846">1846</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Albert Schachter</author>
  <title level="a">Iolaos</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Herakles to Poseidon</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page">64-70</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Cults of Boiotia</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
  <extent>4 vols.</extent>
  <biblScope unit="part">2</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
     Supplements</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<analytic>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope>377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title>Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr xml:lang="de">
  <title level="m">Des Minnesangs Frühling</title>
  <note place="inline">Mit 1 Faksimile</note>
  <edition>36., neugestaltete und erweiterte Auflage</edition>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Unter Benutzung der Ausgaben von <name>Karl
         Lachmann</name> und <name>Moriz Haupt</name>, <name>Friedrich
         Vogt</name> und <name>Carl von Kraus</name> bearbeitet von</resp>
   <name>Hugo Moser</name>
   <name>Helmut Tervooren</name>
  </respStmt>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>
   <publisher>S. Hirzel Verlag</publisher>
   <date>1977</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">I Texte</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Proceedings of a workshop on corpus resources</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Programme Organizer</resp>
   <name>Geoffrey Leech</name>
  </respStmt>
  <meeting>DTI Speech and Language Technology Club meeting, 3-4
     January 1990, Wadham College, Oxford</meeting>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">US</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">6885550</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.uspto.gov/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-04-26">April 26, 2005</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Nicholas, Charles K.</author>
  <author>Welsch, Lawrence A.</author>
  <title level="m">On the interchangeability of SGML and ODA</title>
  <idno type="NIST">NISTIR 4681</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Gaithersburg, MD</pubPlace>
   <publisher>National Institute of Standards and Technology
   </publisher>
   <date when="1992-01">January 1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>19 pp.</extent>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Hansen, W.</author>
  <title level="u">Creation of hierarchic text
     with a computer display</title>
  <idno type="ANL">ANL-7818</idno>
  <note place="inline">Ph.D. dissertation</note>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Stanford, CA</pubPlace>
   <date when="1971-06">June 1971</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
     house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
  <note place="inline">[Microform]</note>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
   <date>1655</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>78 p.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">EP</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">1558513</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">A1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-08-03"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2009-09-09"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Boguraev, Branimir</author>
  <author>Neff, Mary</author>
  <title level="a">Text Representation, Dictionary Structure,
     and Lexical Knowledge</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1992</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">110-112</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>Chesnutt, David</author>
  <title level="a">Historical Editions in the States</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1991-12">(December, 1991):</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope>25.6</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="377" to="380">377–380</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <citedRange>378</citedRange>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Blain, Virginia</author>
  <author>Clements, Patricia</author>
  <author>Grundy, Isobel</author>
  <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages
     to the present</title>
  <edition>first edition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>Yale University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>New Haven and London</pubPlace>
   <date>1990</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Anouilh, Jean</author>
  <title>Antigone</title>
  <edition>première édition</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>in Nouvelles pièces noires, La Table ronde</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <date>1955</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>王大明</author>
  <author>文天行</author>
  <author>廖全京</author>
  <title>抗戰文藝報刊編目彙編</title>
  <edition>初版</edition>
  <imprint>
   <publisher>四川省社會科學院</publisher>
   <pubPlace>成都</pubPlace>
   <date>1984</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<listBibl>

<listBibl> (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind. [3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References 2.2.7. The Source Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declarable

@default

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.biblLike model.frontPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add cit corr del desc emph head hi item l listBibl meeting note orig p q quote ref reg relatedItem said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage taxonomy

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additional additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout msItem msItemStruct musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: climate event location object occupation org person personGrp persona place population state terrain trait

spoken: broadcast scriptStmt u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph front imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: bibl biblStruct cb desc gb head lb listBibl milestone pb

header: biblFull

linking: anchor

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listRelation relation

transcr: fw

Example

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:listBibl"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.milestoneLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="relation" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="listRelation"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.biblLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.milestoneLike"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="relation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listRelation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listBibl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.headLike*,
      desc*,
      ( model.milestoneLike | relation | listRelation )*,
      (
         (
            model.biblLike+,
            ( model.milestoneLike | relation | listRelation )*
         )+
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <listBibl> (citation list)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listBibl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listBibl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.edition

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1937">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Methuen</publisher>, <date>1937</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1968">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Dover</publisher>, <date>1968</date>
 </bibl>
</listBibl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Looking into the future aeons from the supreme moment of
the cosmos, I saw the populations still with all their
strength maintaining the<pb n="411" edRef="#stapledon1968"/>essentials of their ancient culture,
still living their personal lives in zest and endless
novelty of action, … I saw myself still
preserving, though with increasing difficulty, my lucid
con<pb n="291" break="no"
  edRef="#stapledon1937"/>sciousness;</p>

att.global

<div type="bibl">
 <head>Selections from <title level="m">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797</title>
 </head>
 <listBibl xml:base="https://romantic-circles.org/sites/default/files/imported/editions/southey_letters/XML/">
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.3.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Grosvenor Charles Bedford</title>, <date when="1792-04-03">3 April 1792</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.57.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Anna Seward</title>, <date when="1793-09-18">18 September 1793</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.85.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Robert Lovell</title>, <date from="1794-04-05" to="1794-04-06">5-6 April, 1794</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</div>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
  <listBibl>
   <bibl> ... </bibl>
  </listBibl>
 </div>
 <divGen n="Index Nominum"
  type="INDEX-NAMES"/>
 <divGen n="Index Loci" type="INDEX-PLACES"/>
</back>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Works consulted</head>
 <bibl>Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to
   Literature in English (Yale, 1990)
 </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>The Penny Histories</title>
   <author>Victor E Neuberg</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>OUP</publisher>
    <date>1968</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>Liste des ouvrages cités</head>
 <bibl>Les Petits Romantiques </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>La poésie en prose</title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>Aloysius Bertrand, "inventeur" du poème en prose</title>
   <author>Bert Guégand</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>PUN</publisher>
    <date>2000</date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

<listBibl>

<listBibl>
 <head>參考書籍</head>
 <bibl>潘定衡、楊朝文: 蚩尤的傳說 (貴陽：貴州民族出版社，1989 ) </bibl>
 <biblStruct>
  <analytic>
   <title>中國古史的傳說時代 </title>
  </analytic>
  <monogr>
   <title>苗族蚩尤神话，與逐鹿之戰。</title>
   <author>吳曉東</author>
   <imprint>
    <publisher>北京：民族文學研究 </publisher>
    <date> 1998 </date>
   </imprint>
  </monogr>
 </biblStruct>
</listBibl>

11. Manuscript Description

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- record history here -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- custodial history here -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- information about surrogates here -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- full bibliography here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- 檔案歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- 保管歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- 代用品資訊 -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- 完整參考書目 -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="bcn_1482">T. Kempis, De la imitació de Jesuchrist e del
   menyspreu del món (trad. Miquel Peres); Barcelona, 1482, Pere
   Posa. Editio princeps.</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="val_1491">T. Kempis, Del menyspreu del món (trad. Miquel
   Peres); València, 1491.</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="bcn_1518">T. Kempis, Libre del menysprey del món e de la
   imitació de nostre senyor Déu Jesucrist, (trad. Miquel Peres);
   Barcelona, 1518, Carles Amorós. </bibl>
</listBibl>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<person>

<person age="G2" role="author"
 xml:id="W0212" sex="F">
 <birth when="1787"/>
 <death when="1855"/>
 <persName type="main">Mitford, Mary Russell (1787–1855)</persName>
 <persName resp="#Nicoll">MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL</persName>
 <listBibl type="lacyTitles">
  <desc>Lacy's Acting Editions</desc>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1280">Foscari</ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1337">Rienzi</ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
 <listRef type="seeAlso">
  <ref target="https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1386">ATCL</ref>
  <ref target="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18859">ODNB</ref>
  <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford">Wikipedia</ref>
  <ref target="https://digitalmitford.org">Digital Mitford</ref>
 </listRef>
</person>

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C Elements

<relatedItem>

<relatedItem> contains or references some other bibliographic item which is related to the present one in some specified manner, for example as a constituent or alternative version of it. [3.12.2.7. Related Items]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

target target⚓︎
points to the related bibliographic element by means of an absolute or relative URI reference.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Member of

model.biblPart

Contained by

core: bibl biblStruct

header: notesStmt

May contain

core: bibl biblStruct listBibl ptr ref

header: biblFull

msdescription: msDesc

tagdocs: listRef

Note

If the target attribute is used to reference the related bibliographic item, the element must be empty.

Example

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:relatedItem">
<sch:report test="@target and count( child::* ) > 0">If the @target attribute on <sch:name/> is used, the relatedItem element must be empty</sch:report>
<sch:assert test="@target or child::*">A relatedItem element should have either a @target attribute or a child element to indicate the related bibliographic item</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0">
  <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element relatedItem
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute target { teidata.pointer }?,
   ( model.biblLike | model.ptrLike )?
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <relatedItem>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <relatedItem> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <relatedItem> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct xml:id="bibl03">
 <monogr>
  <author>Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Swinburne's <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>: A Facsimile of the
     First Edition</title>
  <editor>Georges Lafourcade</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Oxford UP</publisher>
   <date>1930</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <ref target="#bibl04"/>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct xml:id="bibl04">
 <monogr>
  <author> Swinburne, Algernon Charles</author>
  <title level="m">Atalanta in Calydon</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Edward Moxon</publisher>
   <date>1865</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherEdition">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main" level="m">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub" level="m">a tragi-comedie presented at the private
         house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date when="1655">1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
  <title level="m">Den hobbit</title>
  <title type="sub">aus dem Engleschen iwwersat</title>
  <editor role="translator">Henry Wickens</editor>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Esch-sur-Sûre</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Op der Lay S. àr. L</publisher>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <relatedItem type="translatedFrom">
  <bibl>
   <author>Tolkien, J.R.R.</author>
   <title level="m">The Hobbit</title>.
  <publisher>Collins</publisher>
   <date>1997</date>
  </bibl>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.7. Related Items

<relatedItem type="translatedFrom"
 target="http://www.example.com/bibliography.xml#TOLK97"/>

<relatedItem>

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>Shirley, James</author>
  <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Readex Microprint</publisher>
   <date>1953</date>
  </imprint>
  <extent>1 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.</extent>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title>Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700</title>
 </series>
 <relatedItem type="otherForm">
  <biblStruct>
   <monogr>
    <author>Shirley, James</author>
    <title type="main">The gentlemen of Venice</title>
    <title type="sub">a tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury
         Court by Her Majesties servants</title>
    <imprint>
     <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
     <publisher>H. Moseley</publisher>
     <date>1655</date>
    </imprint>
    <extent>78 p.</extent>
   </monogr>
  </biblStruct>
 </relatedItem>
</biblStruct>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.2. Describing the Source of a CMC Document

<sourceDesc>
 <bibl>
  <title type="main">Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie</title>
  <author>
   <name type="user">OnkelSchuppig</name>, et al.</author>
  <publisher>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</publisher>
  <ptr target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:FKM-Richtlinie"
   type="page_url" targetLang="de"/>
  <date type="last-change"
   when="2013-09-14T17:04:48Z"/>
  <idno type="wikipedia-id">7632113</idno>
  <relatedItem type="articleLink">
   <ref n="5138958"
    target="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKM-Richtlinie" targetLang="de">FKM-Richtlinie</ref>
  </relatedItem>
 </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<l>

<l> (verse line) contains a single, possibly incomplete, line of verse. [3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse 3.13. Passages of Verse or Drama 7.2.5. Speech Contents]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.enjamb

@enjamb

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

Member of

model.lLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del emph head hi item lg note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def gen gram hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<l met="x/x/x/x/x/" real="/xx/x/x/x/">Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?</l>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:l">
<sch:report test="ancestor::tei:l[not(.//tei:note//tei:l[. = current()])]">Abstract model violation: Lines may not contain lines or lg elements.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element l
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.enjamb.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.inter | model.global )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <l> (verse line)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <l> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <l> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

6. Verse

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.1. Element Identifiers and Labels

<l n="1">
<!-- ... -->
</l>
<l n="2">
<!-- ... -->
</l>
<l n="3">
<!-- ... -->
</l>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="100">
<!-- ... -->
</l>

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENSJ">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENSJ">
 <resp>Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

att.ascribed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Barnardo">Bernardo</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Francisco">Francisco</role>
 <roleDesc>a soldier</roleDesc>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#Barnardo">
 <speaker>Bernardo</speaker>
 <l n="1">Who's there?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#Francisco">
 <speaker>Francisco</speaker>
 <l n="2">Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself.</l>
</sp>

att.edition

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience,<lb ed="1674"/> and<lb ed="1667"/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb ed="1667 1674"/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb ed="1667"/> and all<lb ed="1674"/> our woe,</l>

att.global.responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENS1_transcriber">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENS1_transcriber">
 <resp when="2014">Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

att.measurement

<l>
<!-- regularization:-->
So weren't you gonna buy <measure quantity="0.5" unit="gal"
  commodity="ice cream">half
   a gallon</measure>, baby
</l>
<l>
<!-- normalization: -->
So won't you go and buy <measure quantity="1.893" unit="L"
  commodity="ice cream">half
   a gallon</measure>, baby?
</l>

att.measurement

<l>
<!-- regularization:-->So weren't you gonna buy <measure quantity="0.5" unit="gal"
  commodity="icecream">half a gallon</measure>, baby
</l>
<l>
<!-- normalization: -->So won't you go and buy <measure quantity="1.893" unit="L"
  commodity="icecream">half a gallon</measure>,
baby?
</l>

att.typed

<div type="verse">
 <head>Night in Tarras</head>
 <lg type="stanza">
  <l>At evening tramping on the hot white road</l>
  <l>…</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="stanza">
  <l>A wind sprang up from nowhere as the sky</l>
  <l>…</l>
 </lg>
</div>

att.ascribed.directed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="emil">Emilius.</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="lov">Lovisa</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="serv">A servant</role>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#emil" toWhom="#lov">
 <speaker>Emil.</speaker>
 <l n="1">My love!</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#lov" toWhom="#emil">
 <speaker>Lov.</speaker>
 <l n="2">I have no Witness of my Noble Birth</l>
 <stage who="emil" toWhom="#serv">Pointing to her Woman.</stage>
 <l>But that poor helpless wretch——</l>
</sp>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="poe">
  <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="sonn">
   <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="shakesSonn">
    <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="petraSonn">
    <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="met">
   <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="ft">
    <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="iamb">
     <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="troch">
     <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="ftNm">
    <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="penta">
     <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="tetra">
     <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iamb #penta">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="literature">
  <catDesc>Literature</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="poetry">
   <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="sonnet">
    <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="shakesSonnet">
     <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="petraSonnet">
     <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="haiku">
    <catDesc>Haiku</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="drama">
   <catDesc>Drama</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="meter">
  <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="feet">
   <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="iambic">
    <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="trochaic">
    <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="feetNumber">
   <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="pentameter">
    <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="tetrameter">
    <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iambic #pentameter">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases

<l>Here Thou, great <name rendition="#italic">Anna</name>!
whom three Realms obey,</l>
<l>Doth sometimes Counsel take —
and sometimes <emph rendition="#italic">Tea</emph>.</l>
<!-- in the header ... -->
<rendition xml:id="italic" scheme="css">font-style: italic</rendition>

3.3.3. Quotation

<p>
 <said>The Lord! The Lord! It is Sakya Muni himself,</said> the lama half
sobbed; and under his breath began the wonderful Buddhist
invocation:-<said>
  <quote>
   <l>To Him the Way — the Law — Apart —</l>
   <l>Whom Maya held beneath her heart</l>
   <l>Ananda's Lord — the Bodhisat</l>
  </quote>
   And He is here! The Most Excellent Law is here also. My
   pilgrimage is well begun. And what work! What work!</said>
</p>

3.3.3. Quotation

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

<reg>

<l>
 <reg>Maître</reg> Corbeau sur un arbre perché,
</l>
<l>
 <reg>Tenait</reg> en son bec un fromage.
</l>

<reg>

<l>
 <choice>
  <orig>Maistre</orig>
  <reg resp="#LB">Maître</reg>
 </choice>Corbeau sur un arbre perché,
</l>
<l>
 <choice>
  <orig>Tenoit</orig>
  <reg resp="#LB">Tenait</reg>
 </choice> en son bec un fromage.
</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <orig>meere</orig> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <orig>meere</orig> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
</l>

<orig>

<l>Un bienfait perd sa grâce à le trop <choice>
  <orig>oublier</orig>
  <corr>publier</corr>
 </choice> ; </l>
<l>Qui veut qu'on s'en souvienne, il le faut <choice>
  <orig>publier</orig>
  <corr>oublier</corr>
 </choice>.</l>

<orig>

<l>妹子是被大哥<orig>喫</orig>了，母親知道沒有，我可不得而知。 </l>
<l>母親想也知道；不過哭的時候，卻<orig>并</orig>沒有說明，大約也以為應當的了。</l>

<orig>

<l>妹子是被大哥<choice>
  <orig>喫</orig>
  <reg>吃</reg>
 </choice> 了，母親知道沒有，我可不得而知。</l>
<l>母親想也知道；不過哭的時候，卻 <choice>
  <orig>并</orig>
  <reg>並</reg>
 </choice>沒有說明，大約也以為應當的了。</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <choice>
  <orig>meere</orig>
  <reg>mere</reg>
 </choice> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <choice>
  <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
  <reg>understood</reg>
 </choice>
</l>

<orig>

<l>But this will be a <choice>
  <orig>meere</orig>
  <reg>mere</reg>
 </choice> confusion</l>
<l>And hardly shall we all be <choice>
  <orig>vnderstoode</orig>
  <reg>understood</reg>
 </choice>
</l>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<lg>
 <l>Amıgas sey eu be<ex>n</ex> dunha molher</l>
 <l>Que se trabalha de uosco buscar</l>
 <l>Mal a uossamigo polo matar</l>
 <l>Mays todaquestamiga ela q<ex>ue</ex>r</l>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l>Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
 <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>E buscalhi co<ex>n</ex> uosco q<ex>ua</ex>nto mal</l>
 <l>Ela mays pode aq<ex>ue</ex>sto sei eu</l>
 <l>E todaq<ex>ue</ex>stela faz polo seu</l>
 <l>E p<ex>or</ex>este p<unclear>ẏ</unclear>te non por al</l>
 <lb/>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l rend="nobreak" part="I">Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca</l>
 <ellipsis>
  <metamark rend="nobreak"
   function="ellipsis">·:—</metamark>
  <supplied>
   <l rend="nobreak" part="F">co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
   <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
  </supplied>
 </ellipsis>
</lg>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<l>And where the sandy mountain Fenwick scald</l>
<l>
 <unclear reason="ink blot">The</unclear> sea between
yet hence his pray'r prevail'd
</l>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<l>One day I will sojourn to your shores</l>
<l>I live in the middle of England</l>
<l>But!</l>
<l>Norway! My soul resides in your watery
<del rend="overstrike">fiords fyords fiiords</del>
</l>
<l>Inlets.</l>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<l>
 <del rend="overtyped">Mein</del> Frisch <del rend="overstrike">schwebt</del> weht der Wind
</l>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<l>
 <del rend="overstrike">Inviolable</del>
 <add place="below">Inexplicable</add>
splendour of Corinthian white and gold
</l>

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>What projects men make—what queer turns they take,</l>
 <l>Since <emph>steam</emph> has improved our condition;</l>
 <l>They never are still, but must cure or must kill</l>
 <l>With steam physic or steam ammunition.</l>
 <l>But a short time ago, to a quack you would go,</l>
 <l>To steam a fat man to a thinner;</l>
 <l>Now changed from all that, if you wish to get <emph>fat</emph>,</l>
 <l>Come to Barton’s and eat a <emph>steam dinner!</emph>
 </l>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>You may sleep, you may dream, you may travel by steam,</l>
 <l>For the outcry is still to go faster;</l>
 <l>And what does it reck, should you e’en break your neck,</l>
 <l>If ’tis <emph>steam</emph> that brings on the disaster?</l>
 <ellipsis resp="#ChambersEdnbrghJrnl1880">
  <metamark function="multilineEllipsis"> * * * * </metamark>
  <desc resp="#teiProjectEditor2021">The printer omits four lines here,
     skipping the second half of the second octave, before the refrain.</desc>
 </ellipsis>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>You think you’ve lost your love </l>
 <l>Well, I saw her yesterday </l>
 <l>It’s you she's thinking of </l>
 <l>And she told me what to say</l>
</lg>
<lg xml:id="chorus">
 <label>[Refrain]</label>
 <l>She says she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know that can’t be bad </l>
 <l>Yes, she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know you should be glad</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>She said you hurt her so </l>
 <l>She almost lost her mind </l>
 <l>But now she said she knows </l>
 <l>You’re not the hurting kind</l>
</lg>
<ellipsis>
 <metamark>******</metamark>
 <supplied copyOf="#chorus"/>
</ellipsis>

<del>

<l>
 <del rend="overtyped">Mein</del> Frisch <del rend="overstrike" type="primary">schwebt</del>
weht der Wind
</l>

<del>

<l>
 <del rend="改寫">雨</del> 風 <del rend="改寫" type="primary">飄</del> 吹來涼爽。
</l>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
<l>And from my neck so free</l>
<l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
<l>Like lead into the sea.
<note type="gloss" place="margin">The spell begins to break</note>
</l>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<lg>
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
 <note type="gloss" place="margin">The spell begins to break</note>
</lg>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<lg>
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
 <label place="margin">The spell begins to break</label>
</lg>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray;
 <note place="margin" resp="#STC"
   type="gloss">The spell begins to break</note>
  <note place="bottom" resp="#JLL">The turning point of the poem...</note>
 </l>
</lg>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 n="1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2" type="book">
  <div3 n="1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
  <div3 n="2" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 n="10" type="poem">
   <l n="1"> ... </l>
   <l n="2"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
   <l n="7"> ... </l>
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 n="Amores 1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 n="Amores 2" type="book">
  <div3 n="Amores 2.1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 n="Amores 2.10" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
   <l n="Amores 2.10.7"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 xml:id="am.1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 xml:id="am.2" type="book">
  <div3 xml:id="am.2.1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 xml:id="am.2.10" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
   <l xml:id="am.2.10.7"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<lg>
 <milestone unit="speaker" n="Man"/>
 <l>Oh what is this I cannot see</l>
 <l>With icy hands gets a hold on me</l>
 <milestone unit="speaker" n="Death"/>
 <l>Oh I am Death, none can excel</l>
 <l>I open the doors of heaven and hell</l>
</lg>

<lb>

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience,<lb ed="1674"/> and<lb ed="1667"/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb ed="1667 1674"/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb ed="1667"/> and all<lb ed="1674"/> our woe,</l>

<lb>

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience,<lb ed="1674"/> and<lb ed="1667"/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb ed="1667 1674"/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb ed="1667"/> and all<lb ed="1674"/> our woe,</l>

<lb>

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience,<lb ed="1674"/> and<lb ed="1667"/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb ed="1667 1674"/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb ed="1667"/> and all<lb ed="1674"/> our woe,</l>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience, and<lb/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb/> and all our woe,</l>
<l>With loss of Eden, till one greater Man</l>
<l>Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat...</l>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<lg>
 <l>Come fill up the Glass,</l>
 <l rend="indent">Round, round let it pass,</l>
 <l>'Till our Reason be lost in our Wine:</l>
 <l rend="indent">Leave Conscience's Rules</l>
 <l rend="indent">To Women and Fools,</l>
 <l>This only can make us divine.</l>
</lg>
<lg n="Chorus" type="refrain">
 <l>Then a Mohock, a Mohock I'll be,</l>
 <l>No Laws shall restrain</l>
 <l>Our Libertine Reign,</l>
 <l>We'll riot, drink on, and be free.</l>
</lg>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<lg type="sonnet">
 <lg type="octet">
  <l>Thus speaks the Muse, and bends her brow severe:—</l>
  <l>“Did I, <name>Lætitia</name>, lend my choicest lays,</l>
  <l>And crown thy youthful head with freshest bays,</l>
  <l>That all the' expectance of thy full-grown year</l>
  <l>Should lie inert and fruitless? O revere</l>
  <l>Those sacred gifts whose meed is deathless praise,</l>
  <l>Whose potent charms the' enraptured soul can raise</l>
  <l>Far from the vapours of this earthly sphere!</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="sestet">
  <l>Seize, seize the lyre! resume the lofty strain!</l>
  <l>'T is time, 't is time! hark how the nations round</l>
  <l>With jocund notes of liberty resound,—</l>
  <l>And thy own <name>Corsica</name> has burst her chain!</l>
  <l>O let the song to <name>Britain's</name> shores rebound,</l>
  <l rend="indent(-1)">Where Freedom's once-loved voice is heard,
     alas! in vain.”</l>
 </lg>
</lg>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<l>Thou fumblest <name>Eros</name>, and my Queenes a Squire</l>
<l>More tight at this, then thou: Dispatch. O Loue,</l>
<l>That thou couldst see my Warres to day, and knew'st</l>
<l>The Royall Occupation, thou should'st see</l>
<l part="I">A Workeman in't.</l>
<stage>Enter an Armed Soldier.</stage>
<l part="F">Good morrow to thee, welcome.</l>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<lg n="6" type="para">
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Unprofitably travelling toward the grave,</l>
 <l>Like a false steward who hath much received</l>
 <l part="I">And renders nothing back.</l>
</lg>
<lg type="para" n="7">
 <l part="F">Was it for this</l>
 <l>That one, the fairest of all rivers, loved</l>
 <l>To blend his murmurs with my nurse's song,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<sp>
 <speaker>First Voice</speaker>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>But why drives on that ship so fast</l>
  <l>Withouten wave or wind?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Second Voice</speaker>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>The air is cut away before,</l>
  <l>And closes from behind.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

<l>

<l met="x/x/x/x/x/" real="/xx/x/x/x/">Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?</l>

<l>

<l>Que toujours, dans vos vers, le sens coupant les mots</l>
<l>Suspende l'hémistiche, en marque le repos.</l>

<l>

<l met="平平仄仄平" part="Y"/>

<lg>

<lg type="free">
 <l>Let me be my own fool</l>
 <l>of my own making, the sum of it</l>
</lg>
<lg type="free">
 <l>is equivocal.</l>
 <l>One says of the drunken farmer:</l>
</lg>
<lg type="free">
 <l>leave him lay off it. And this is</l>
 <l>the explanation.</l>
</lg>

<lg>

<div type="sonnet">
 <lg type="quatrain">
  <l>Les amoureux fervents et les savants austères</l>
  <l>Aiment également, dans leur mûre saison,</l>
  <l>Les chats puissants et doux, orgueil de la maison,</l>
  <l>Qui comme eux sont frileux et comme eux sédentaires.</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="quatrain">
  <l>Amis de la science et de la volupté</l>
  <l>Ils cherchent le silence et l'horreur des ténèbres ;</l>
  <l>L'Erèbe les eût pris pour ses coursiers funèbres,</l>
  <l>S'ils pouvaient au servage incliner leur fierté.</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="tercet">
  <l>Ils prennent en songeant les nobles attitudes</l>
  <l>Des grands sphinx allongés au fond des solitudes,</l>
  <l>Qui semblent s'endormir dans un rêve sans fin ;</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="tercet">
  <l>Leurs reins féconds sont pleins d'étincelles magiques,</l>
  <l>Et des parcelles d'or, ainsi qu'un sable fin,</l>
  <l>Etoilent vaguement leurs prunelles mystiques.</l>
 </lg>
</div>

<lg>

<lg type="free">
 <l>把你的影子加點鹽</l>
 <l>醃起來</l>
 <l>風乾</l>
</lg>
<lg type="free">
 <l>老的時候</l>
 <l>下酒</l>
</lg>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="Act">
 <head>ACT I</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="Scene">
  <head>SCENE I</head>
  <stage rend="italic">Enter Barnardo and Francisco,
     two Sentinels, at several doors</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="Y">Who's there?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="I">Long live the King!</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l part="M">Barnardo?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="F">He.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>You come most carefully upon your hour.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l>'Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>For this relief much thanks. 'Tis bitter cold,</l>
   <l part="I">And I am sick at heart.</l>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<stage>Enter two Centinels.
<add place="margin">Now call'd <name xml:id="barnardo">Bernardo</name> &amp;
 <name xml:id="francisco">Francesco</name>.</add>
</stage>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Stand: who is that?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Tis I.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l>O you come most carefully vpon your watch,</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l>And if you meete Marcellus and Horatio,</l>
 <l>The partners of my watch, bid them make haste.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I will: See who goes there.</l>
</sp>
<stage>Enter Horatio and Marcellus.</stage>

<stage>

<l>Behold. <stage n="*" place="margin">Here the vp<lb/>per part of the <hi>Scene</hi> open'd; when
   straight appear'd a Heauen, and all the <hi>Pure Artes</hi> sitting on
   two semi<lb/>circular ben<lb/>ches, one a<lb/>boue another: who sate thus till the rest of the
 <hi>Prologue</hi> was spoken, which being ended, they descended in
   order within the <hi>Scene,</hi> whiles the Musicke plaid</stage> Our
Poet knowing our free hearts</l>

4. Default Text Structure

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Autumn Haze</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Is it a dragonfly or a maple leaf</l>
  <l>That settles softly down upon the water?</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Souvenir de la nuit du 4</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Il avait dans sa poche une toupie en buis.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>憶江南</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>江南好，</l>
  <l>風景舊曾諳。</l>
  <l>日出江花紅胜火，</l>
  <l>春來江水綠如藍，</l>
  <l>能不憶江南。</l>
 </body>
</text>

<body>

<body>
 <l>Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard</l>
 <l>metudæs maecti end his modgidanc</l>
 <l>uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes</l>
 <l>eci dryctin or astelidæ</l>
 <l>he aerist scop aelda barnum</l>
 <l>heben til hrofe haleg scepen.</l>
 <l>tha middungeard moncynnæs uard</l>
 <l>eci dryctin æfter tiadæ</l>
 <l>firum foldu frea allmectig</l>
 <trailer>primo cantauit Cædmon istud carmen.</trailer>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Hush, the players begin...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>In Athens our tale takes place [...]</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>Now that the play is finished ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Chut ! Les acteurs commencent...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>Notre histoire se passe à Athènes [...]</l>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
     </sp>
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>La pièce est maintenant finie ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>快點，演員開始了...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>故事開始於雅典...</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... 這裡是其他動作 -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>戲劇結束...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<trailer>

<trailer>
 <l>In stead of FINIS this advice <hi>I</hi> send,</l>
 <l>Let Rogues and Thieves beware of <lb/>
  <hi>Hamans</hi> END.</l>
</trailer>

<trailer>

<trailer>
 <l>In stead of FINIS this advice <hi>I</hi> send,</l>
 <l>Let Rogues and Thieves beware of <lb/>
  <hi>Hamans</hi> END.</l>
</trailer>

<epigraph>

<epigraph xml:lang="la">
 <cit>
  <bibl>Lucret.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="F">petere inde coronam,</l>
   <l>Vnde prius nulli velarint tempora Musae.</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

<epigraph>

<epigraph xml:lang="zh">
 <cit>
  <bibl>俞平伯</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="N">小燕子其實也無所愛，</l>
   <l>只是沉浸在朦朧而飄忽的夏夜夢里罷了。</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<div n="2" type="chap">
 <head>Extracts</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a sub-sub-Librarian)</head>
 <p>It will be seen that this mere painstaking burrower and
   grubworm of a poor devil of a Sub-Sub appears to have gone
   through the long Vaticans and street-stalls of the earth,
   picking up whatever random allusions to whales he could
   anyways find ...
   Here ye strike but splintered hearts together — there,
   ye shall strike unsplinterable glasses!</p>
 <p>
  <cit>
   <quote>And God created great whales.</quote>
   <bibl>Genesis</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Leviathan maketh a path to shine after him;</l>
    <l>One would think the deep to be hoary.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>Job</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>By art is created that great Leviathan,
       called a Commonwealth or State — (in Latin,
   <mentioned xml:lang="la">civitas</mentioned>), which
       is but an artificial man.</quote>
   <bibl>Opening sentence of Hobbes's Leviathan</bibl>
  </cit>
 </p>
</div>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>The Gentleman having finish'd his Story, Galecia waited on him to
the Stairs-head; and at her return, casting her Eyes on the Table, she
saw lying there an old dirty rumpled Book, and found in it the
following story: </p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <p> IN the time of the Holy War when
     Christians from all parts went into the Holy Land to oppose the Turks;
     Amongst these there was a certain English Knight...</p>
<!-- rest of story here -->
  <p>The King graciously pardoned the Knight; Richard was kindly receiv'd
     into his Convent, and all things went on in good order: But from hence
     came the Proverb, We must not strike <hi>Robert</hi> for
  <hi>Richard.</hi>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="43"/>
<p>By this time Galecia's Maid brought up her Supper; after which she
cast her Eyes again on the foresaid little Book, where she found the
following Story, which she read through before she went to bed.
</p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Cause of the Moors Overrunning
  <hi>Spain</hi>
  </head>
  <p>King ———— of Spain at his Death, committed the Government of his
     Kingdom to his Brother Don ——— till his little Son should come of
     Age ...</p>
  <p>Thus the little Story ended, without telling what Misery
     befel the King and Kingdom, by the Moors, who over ran the Country for
     many Years after. To which, we may well apply the Proverb,
  <quote>
    <l>Who drives the Devil's Stages,</l>
    <l>Deserves the Devil's Wages</l>
   </quote>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<p>The reading this Trifle of a Story detained Galecia from her Rest
beyond her usual Hour; for she slept so sound the next Morning, that
she did not rise, till a Lady's Footman came to tell her, that his
Lady and another or two were coming to breakfast with her...
</p>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.7.1. Vertical Writing Modes

<div>
 <lg xml:lang="ja"
  style="writing-mode: vertical-rl">
  <l>古池や</l>
  <l>蛙</l>
  <l>飛び込む</l>
  <l>水の音</l>
 </lg>
 <lg xml:lang="ja-Latn"
  style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">
  <l>furu ike ya</l>
  <l>kawazu tobikomu</l>
  <l>mizu no oto</l>
 </lg>
 <lg xml:lang="en">
  <l>Old pond,</l>
  <l>and a frog dives in—</l>
  <l>"Splash"!</l>
 </lg>
</div>

5.8. Text Rotation

<lg style="transform:rotateZ(90deg)">
 <l>My tender age in ſorrow did beginne:</l>
 <l>And ſtill with ſickneſſes and ſhame</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

6. Verse

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <head>1755</head>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <body>
  <head>My Alba</head>
  <lg>
   <l>Now that I've wasted</l>
   <l>five years in Manhattan</l>
   <l>life decaying</l>
   <l>talent a blank</l>
  </lg>
  <lg>
   <l>talking disconnected</l>
   <l>patient and mental</l>
   <l>sliderule and number</l>
   <l>machine on a desk</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<lg>
 <l>The Frost performs its secret ministry,</l>
 <l>Unhelped by any wind. ...</l>
 <l>Whose puny flaps and freaks the idling Spirit</l>
 <l>By its own moods interprets, every where</l>
 <l>Echo or mirror seeking of itself,</l>
 <l part="I">And makes a toy of Thought.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l part="F">But O! how oft,</l>
 <l>How oft, at school, with most believing mind</l>
 <l>Presageful, have I gazed upon the bars,</l>
 <l>To watch that fluttering <hi>stranger</hi>! ... </l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>Dear Babe, that sleepest cradled by my side,</l>
</lg>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<lg>
 <l>Sire Thopas was a doghty swayn;</l>
 <l>White was his face as payndemayn,</l>
 <l>His lippes rede as rose;</l>
 <l>His rode is lyk scarlet in grayn,</l>
 <l>And I yow telle in good certayn,</l>
 <l>He hadde a semely nose.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>His heer, his ber was lyk saffroun,</l>
 <l>That to his girdel raughte adoun;</l>
</lg>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<lg type="stanza">
 <lg type="sestet">
  <l>In the first year of Freedom's second dawn</l>
  <l>Died George the Third; although no tyrant, one</l>
  <l>Who shielded tyrants, till each sense withdrawn</l>
  <l>Left him nor mental nor external sun:</l>
  <l>A better farmer ne'er brushed dew from lawn,</l>
  <l>A worse king never left a realm undone!</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="couplet">
  <l>He died — but left his subjects still behind,</l>
  <l>One half as mad — and t'other no less blind.</l>
 </lg>
</lg>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <body>
  <lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>My Mistres eyes are nothing like the Sunne,</l>
    <l>Currall is farre more red, then her lips red</l>
    <l>If snow be white, why then her brests are dun:</l>
    <l>If haires be wiers, black wiers grown on her head:</l>
   </lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>I have seene Roses damaskt, red and white,</l>
    <l>But no such Roses see I in her cheekes,</l>
    <l>And in some perfumes is there more delight,</l>
    <l>Then in the breath that from my Mistres reekes.</l>
   </lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>I love to heare her speake, yet well I know,</l>
    <l>That Musicke hath a farre more pleasing sound:</l>
    <l>I graunt I never saw a goddesse goe,</l>
    <l>My Mistres when shee walkes treads on the ground.</l>
   </lg>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>And yet by heaven I think my love as rare,</l>
   <l>As any she beli'd with false compare.</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<body>
 <div n="I" type="book">
  <div n="1" type="canto">
   <lg n="I.1.1" type="stanza">
    <l>A Gentle Knight was pricking on the plain</l>
    <l>Y cladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,</l>
   </lg>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<body>
 <div n="I" type="book">
  <div n="I.1" type="canto">
   <div n="I.1.1" type="stanza">
    <l>A gentle knight was pricking on the plain</l>
    <l>Ycladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,</l>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

<l>
 <seg>In a somer
   seson,</seg>
 <seg>whan softe was the sonne,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg>I shoop me into shroudes</seg>
 <seg>as I a sheep were,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg>In habite as an heremite </seg>
 <seg>unholy of werkes,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg>Went wide in this world </seg>
 <seg>wondres to here.</seg>
</l>

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

<l>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">Ar</seg>
  <seg type="syll">ma </seg>
  <seg type="syll">vi</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">rum</seg>
  <seg type="syll">que </seg>
  <seg type="syll">ca</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">no </seg>
  <seg type="syll">Tro</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">iae </seg>
  <seg type="syll">qui </seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">pri</seg>
  <seg type="syll">mus </seg>
  <seg type="syll">ab </seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">or</seg>
  <seg type="syll">is </seg>
 </seg>
</l>

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

<l>
 <seg type="hemistich">
  <seg type="foot">
   <seg type="syll">Ar</seg>
   <seg type="syll">ma </seg>
   <seg type="syll">vi</seg>
  </seg>
  <seg type="foot">
   <seg type="syll">rum</seg>
   <seg type="syll">que </seg>
   <seg type="syll">ca</seg>
  </seg>
  <seg type="foot" part="I">
   <seg type="syll">no </seg>
  </seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="hemistich">
  <seg type="foot" part="F">
   <seg type="syll">Tro</seg>
  </seg>
  <seg type="foot">
   <seg type="syll">iae </seg>
   <seg type="syll">qui </seg>
  </seg>
 </seg>
</l>

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

<l>In a somer seson,
<caesura/> whan softe was the sonne, </l>
<l>I shoop me into shroudes <caesura/> as I a sheep were, </l>
<l>In habite as an heremite <caesura/> unholy of werkes, </l>
<l>Went wide in this world <caesura/> wondres to here. </l>

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

<l enjamb="y">Un astrologue, un jour, se laissa choir</l>
<l>Au fond d'un puits.</l>

6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

<lg type="couplet">
 <l>
  <said xml:id="eg1-said1"
   next="#eg1-said2">Our lives</said>, ſaid he,
 <said xml:id="eg1-said2"
   next="#eg1-said3" prev="#eg1-said1">wee'll give before we yield</said>,
 </l>
 <l>
  <said xml:id="eg1-said3"
   prev="#eg1-said2">Wee'll win your battles, or dye in the field</said>.
 </l>
</lg>

6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

<lg type="couplet">
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said1">Our lives</seg>, ſaid he,
 <seg xml:id="eg2-said2">wee'll give before we yield</seg>,
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said3">Wee'll win your battles, or dye in the field</seg>.
 </l>
</lg>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="said" scope="root"
  target="#eg2-said1 #eg2-said2 #eg2-said3"/>
</p>

6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

<div type="book" n="1" met="-+|-+|-+|-+|-+/"
 rhyme="aa">
 <lg n="1" type="paragraph">
  <l>'Tis hard to say, if greater Want of Skill</l>
  <l>Appear in <hi>Writing</hi> or in <hi>Judging</hi> ill;</l>
  <l>But, of the two, less dang'rous is th'Offence,</l>
  <l>To tire our <hi>Patience</hi>, than mis-lead our <hi>Sense</hi>:</l>
 </lg>
</div>

6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

<l real="+-|-+|-+|-+|-+">But, of the two, ...</l>

6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

<l met="+-|-+|-+|-+|-+">But, of the two, ...</l>

6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

<lg type="chevy-chase-stanza"
 met="-+-+-+-+/-+-+-+" rhyme="ababcdcd">
 <l n="1"> Und frische Nahrung, neues Blut</l>
 <l n="2" real="+--+-+"> Saug' ich aus freier Welt;</l>
 <l n="3" real="+--+-+-+"> Wie ist Natur so hold und gut,</l>
 <l n="4" real="---+-+"> Die mich am Busen hält!</l>
 <l n="5"> Die Welle wieget unsern Kahn</l>
 <l n="6"> Im Rudertakt hinauf,</l>
 <l n="7"> Und Berge, wolkig himmelan,</l>
 <l n="8"> Begegnen unserm Lauf.</l>
</lg>

6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

<l n="356"> A
needless alexandrine ends the song, </l>
<l n="357" met="-+|-+|-+|-+|-+|-+"
 real="++|-+|-+|+-|++|-+"> That, like a wounded
snake, drags its slow length along. </l>

6.4.2. Segment-Level versus Line-level Tagging

<l n="356"> A need<seg type="foot" n="2" real="--">less a</seg>lexandrine ends the song,</l>
<l n="357" met="-+|-+|-+|-+|-+|-+">
 <seg n="1" real="++"> That, like </seg> a wounded snake, <seg n="4" real="+-"> drags its </seg>
 <seg n="5" real="++"> slow length </seg> along.
</l>

6.4.2. Segment-Level versus Line-level Tagging

<l>
 <seg type="foot" met="+--">Arma vi</seg>
 <seg met="+--">rumque ca</seg>
 <seg met="++">no Tro</seg>
 <seg met="++">iae qui </seg>
 <seg met="+--">primus ab</seg>
 <seg met="++"> oris</seg>
</l>

6.4.3. Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse

<div type="canzone"
 met="E/E/S/E/S/E/E/S/E/S/E/S/S/E/S/E/E/S/S/E/E" rhyme="abbcdaccbdceeffghhhgg">
 <lg n="1" type="stanza">
  <l n="1">Doglia mi reca nello core ardire</l>
 </lg>
</div>

6.4.3. Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse

<div met="[...]">
 <lg>
  <l> ... </l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="commiato"
  met="E/S/S/E/S/E/E/S/S/E/E" rhyme="abbccdeeedd">
  <l n="1">Canzone, presso di qui è une donna</l>
 </lg>
</div>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg rhyme="aa-a">
 <l>Why, all the Saints and Sages who discuss'd</l>
 <l>Of the Two Worlds so learnedly, are thrust</l>
 <l>Like foolish Prophets forth; their Words to Scorn</l>
 <l>Are scatter'd, and their Mouths are stopt with Dust. </l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg type="couplet" rhyme="aa">
 <l>Outside in the distance a wildcat did <rhyme>growl</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Two riders were approaching and the wind began to <rhyme>howl</rhyme>
 </l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg type="quatrain" rhyme="abab">
 <l>I wander thro' each charter'd <rhyme label="a">street</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Near where the charter'd Thames does <rhyme label="b">flow</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>And mark in every face I <rhyme label="a">meet</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Marks of weakness, marks of <rhyme label="b">woe</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>
<lg rhyme="abab">
 <l>In every cry of every <rhyme label="a">Man</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>In every Infant's cry of <rhyme label="b">fear</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>In every voice, in every <rhyme label="a">ban</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>The mind-forg'd manacles I <rhyme label="b">hear</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg rhyme="ABCCBBA">
 <l>The sunlight on the <rhyme label="A">garden</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>
  <rhyme label="A">Harden</rhyme>s and grows <rhyme label="B">cold</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>We cannot cage the <rhyme label="C">minute</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Wi<rhyme label="C">thin it</rhyme>s nets of <rhyme label="B">gold</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>When all is <rhyme label="B">told</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot beg for <rhyme label="A">pardon</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg rhyme="AB-BBA">
 <l>The sunlight on the <rhyme xml:id="V-A1">garden</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>
  <rhyme xml:id="V-A2">Harden</rhyme>s and grows <rhyme xml:id="V-B1">cold,</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot cage the <rhyme xml:id="V-C1">minute</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Wi<rhyme xml:id="V-C2">thin it</rhyme>s nets of <rhyme xml:id="V-B2">gold</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>When all is <rhyme xml:id="V-B3">told</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot beg for <rhyme xml:id="V-A3">pardon</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <metDecl xml:id="md_en" type="met"
  pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
  <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
 </metDecl>
 <metDecl xml:id="md_fr" type="met"
  pattern="(AAAAAT\|AAAAT(A)?)">
  <metSym value="T">syllabe tonique</metSym>
  <metSym value="A">syllabe atone</metSym>
  <metSym value="|">pause métrique</metSym>
 </metDecl>
<!-- ... -->
</encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div decls="#md_en">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
 <div decls="#md_fr">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>

<metDecl>

<lg n="1" type="quatrain">
 <l n="1">J'ai longtemps habité sous de vastes portiques</l>
</lg>

<caesura>

<l>Hwæt we Gar-Dena <caesura/> in gear-dagum</l>
<l>þeod-cyninga <caesura/> þrym gefrunon,</l>
<l>hy ða æþelingas <caesura/> ellen fremedon.</l>

<caesura>

<l>Souvent sur la montagne,<caesura/> à l'ombre du vieux chêne,</l>
<l> Au coucher du soleil,<caesura/> tristement je m'assieds ;</l>

<caesura>

<l>枯藤<caesura/>老樹<caesura/>昏鴉</l>
<l>小橋<caesura/>流水<caesura/>人家</l>
<l>古道<caesura/>西風<caesura/>瘦馬</l>
<l>夕陽西下<caesura/>斷腸人在天涯</l>

<rhyme>

<lg rhyme="abababcc">
 <l>'Tis pity learned virgins ever <rhyme label="a">wed</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>With persons of no sort of edu<rhyme label="b">cation</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Or gentlemen, who, though well born and <rhyme label="a">bred</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Grow tired of scientific conver<rhyme label="b">sation</rhyme>:</l>
 <l>I don't choose to say much on this <rhyme label="a">head</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>I'm a plain man, and in a single <rhyme label="b">station</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>But — Oh! ye lords of ladies inte<rhyme label="c">llectual</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Inform us truly, have they not hen-<rhyme label="c">peck'd you all</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg>
 <l>Tyger! Tyger! burning <rhyme label="a">bright</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>In the forests of the <rhyme label="a">night</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>What immortal hand or <rhyme label="b">eye</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Could frame thy fearful <rhyme label="b" type="eye-rhyme">symmetry</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg>
 <l>"Hark! Lakshman! Hark, again that <rhyme label="a">cry</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>It is, — it is my husband's <rhyme label="b">voice</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>hasten, to his succour <rhyme label="a">fly</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>No more hast thou, dear friend, a <rhyme label="b">choice</rhyme>.</l>
 <l>He calls on thee, perhaps his <rhyme label="c">foes</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Environ him on all sides <rhyme label="d">round</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>That wail, — it means death's final <rhyme label="c">throes</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>Why standest thou, as magic-<rhyme label="d">bound</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg type="quatrain" rhyme="aabccb">
 <l> Les étoiles, points d'or, percent les branches n<rhyme label="a">oires</rhyme> ; </l>
 <l> Le flot huileux et lourd décompose ses m<rhyme label="a">oires</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l> Sur l'océan blê<rhyme label="b">mi</rhyme> ;</l>
 <l>Les nuages ont l'air d'oiseaux prenant la f<rhyme label="c">uite</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Par moments le vent parle, et dit des mots sans s<rhyme label="c">uite</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l> Comme un homme endor<rhyme label="b">mi</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg rhyme="ou">
 <l>故人西辭黃鶴 <rhyme label="lou2">樓</rhyme>，</l>
 <l>煙花三月下揚<rhyme label="jou">州</rhyme>；</l>
 <l>孤帆遠影碧山<rhyme label="jin4">盡</rhyme>，</l>
 <l>唯見長江天際流<rhyme label="liou2">sation</rhyme>。</l>
</lg>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<front>
 <prologue>
  <head>Prologue, spoken by <name>Mr. Hart</name>
  </head>
  <l>Poets like Cudgel'd Bullys, never do</l>
  <l>At first, or second blow, submit to you;</l>
  <l>But will provoke you still, and ne're have done,</l>
  <l>Till you are weary first, with laying on:</l>
  <l>We patiently you see, give up to you,</l>
  <l>Our Poets, Virgins, nay our Matrons too.</l>
 </prologue>
 <castList>
  <head>The Persons</head>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <head>The SCENE</head>
  <p>London</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name>
   and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage>Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<sp>
 <speaker>Prospero</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I'll deliver all,</l>
 <l>And promise you calm seas, auspicious gales,</l>
 <l>Be free and fare thou well. <stage type="exit">Exit Ariel</stage>
   Please you, draw near. <stage type="exit">Exeunt all but Prospero</stage>
  <note place="margin">Epilogue</note>
 </l>
 <l>Now my charms are all o'erthrown,</l>
 <l>And what strength I have's mine own</l>
 <l>As you from crimes would pardoned be,</l>
 <l>Let your indulgence set me free.</l>
</sp>
<stage type="mix">He awaits applause, then exit.</stage>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <sp>
  <l>Wits, like physicians never can agree,</l>
  <l>When of a different society.</l>
  <l>New plays are stuffed with wits, and with deboches,</l>
  <l>That crowd and sweat like cits in May-Day coaches.</l>
 </sp>
 <trailer>Written by a person of quality</trailer>
</prologue>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <sp>
  <l>何時姊妹再相逢，雷電轟轟雨蒙蒙？</l>
  <l>且等烽煙靜四陲，敗軍高奏凱歌回。</l>
  <l>半山夕照尚含輝。</l>
  <l>何處相逢？</l>
  <l>在荒原。</l>
  <l>共同去見麥克白。</l>
  <l>我來了，狸貓精。</l>
  <l>癩蛤蟆叫我了。</l>
  <l>來也。</l>
  <l>美即丑惡丑即美，翱翔毒霧妖云里。</l>
 </sp>
 <trailer>三女巫同下</trailer>
</prologue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name> and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="triplet">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage type="business">Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Stances en forme d'épilogue. </head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Alidor.</speaker>
  <lg type="stances">
   <l>Que par cette retraite elle me favorise !</l>
   <l>Alors que mes desseins cedent à mes amours,</l>
   <l> Et qu'ils ne sçauroient plus defendre ma franchise</l>
   <l> Sa haine, et ses refus viennent à leur secours.</l>
   <l> J'avois beau la trahir, une secrette amorce</l>
   <l> R'allumoit dans mon coeur l'amour par la pitié,</l>
   <l> Mes feux en recevoient une nouvelle force,</l>
   <l> Et tousjours leur ardeur en croissoit de moitié.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>收場詩</head>
 <stage type="business">飾國王者向觀眾致辭</stage>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>袍笏登場本是虛，</l>
   <l>王侯卿相總堪嗤，</l>
   <l>但能博得觀眾喜，</l>
   <l>便是功成圓滿時。</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menae">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="penic">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#penic">
 <speaker>Peniculus</speaker>
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menaechmus">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="peniculus">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#peniculus">
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="nan">Nano</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="cas">Castrone</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage>Nano and Castrone sing</stage>
<sp who="#nan #cas">
 <l>Fools, they are the only nation</l>
 <l>Worth men's envy or admiration</l>
</sp>

7.2.3. Grouped Speeches

<spGrp type="number" n="3">
 <head>By Strauss : performed by Georges Guetary, Gene Kelly, and Oscar
   Levant</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>The waltzes of Mittel Europa </l>
   <l>They charm you and warm you within </l>
   <l>While each day discloses </l>
   <l>What Broadway composes </l>
   <l>Is emptiness pounding on tin.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp xml:lang="de">
  <speaker>JERRY MULLIGAN: ADAM COOK:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Mein Herr! </l>
   <l>Mein Herr!</l>
   <l>Bitte, bitte!</l>
   <l>Denke, danke!</l>
   <l>Aufwiedersehen! Aufwiedersehen!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>How can I be civil </l>
   <l>When hearing this drivel? </l>
   <l>It's only for night-clubbing souses. </l>
   <l>Oh give me the free 'n easy </l>
   <l>Waltz that is Viennes-y </l>
   <l>And go tell the band</l>
   <l>If they want a hand</l>
   <l>The waltz must be Strauss's</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>ALL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Ya ya ya </l>
   <l>Give me oom pah pah...</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

<spGrp>

<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER:</speaker>
 <p> Herr Schultz! Can I believe what I see? <stage>(HERR SCHULTZ nods
     proudly)</stage> But this is — too much to accept. So rare — so costly —
   so luxurious. </p>
</sp>
<stage>(She sings)</stage>
<spGrp n="4">
 <sp>
  <l>If you bought me diamonds, If you bought me pearls,</l>
  <l>If you bought me roses like some other gents</l>
  <l>Might bring to other girls,</l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more</l>
  <l>Than the gift I see -</l>
  <stage>(She takes a large pineapple out of the bag)</stage>
  <l>A pineapple for me!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>SCHULTZ:</speaker>
  <stage>(Singing) </stage>
  <l>If, in your emotion, </l>
  <l>You began to sway, </l>
  <l>Went to get some air, </l>
  <l>Or grabbed a chair </l>
  <l>To keep from fainting dead away, </l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more </l>
  <l>Than to see you cling </l>
  <l>To the pineapple I bring.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>BOTH:</speaker>
  <l>Ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
 <stage>(They dance)</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER: </speaker>
 <p>But you must not bring me
   any more pineapples! Do you hear? It is not proper. It is a gift a
   young man would present to his lady love. It makes me blush!
 </p>
</sp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="N">You most
   notorious whelp, you insolent slave</l>
 <l part="Y">Dare you do this?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Yes faith, yes faith.</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Why! Who</l>
 <l part="Y">Am I, my mongrel? Who am I?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I'll tell you,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</sp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l>You most
   notorious whelp, you insolent slave</l>
 <l part="I">Dare you do this?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="M">Yes faith, yes faith.</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="F">Why! Who</l>
 <l part="I">Am I, my mongrel? Who am I?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="F">I'll tell you,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</sp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
  <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
  <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <lg part="I">
   <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
   <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
   <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <lg part="M">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <lg part="F">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with th' love of gain.
   You thry to pin on others th' dirty decorations that
   may be hangin' on your own coats.</p>
 <stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
   and Flagonson. Lilting)</stage>
 <lg type="song">
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Flagonson</speaker>
 <stage>(in anguished indignation).</stage>
 <p>This is more than a hurt to us: this hits at the
   decency of the whole nation!</p>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with ...</p>
</sp>
<stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
and Flagonson. Lilting):</stage>
<floatingText>
 <front>
  <titlePart>Kelly's Song</titlePart>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </body>
</floatingText>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in his semi-dance,
   as he goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>Goodbye to holy souls left here,</l>
  <l>Goodbye to man an' fairy;</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Widda Machree</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in her semi-dance,
   as she goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>Goodbye to all of Leicester Square,</l>
  <l>An' the long way to Tipperary.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<div1 n="4" type="act">
 <div2 n="5" type="scene">
  <stage>Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
  <stage type="setting">Enter Ophelia, distracted.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Where is the beauteous Majesty of Denmark?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <stage>Singing</stage>
   <lg next="#Tl2" xml:id="Tl1" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
    <l>From another one?</l>
    <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
    <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
   </lg>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
   <stage>Sings</stage>
   <lg prev="#Tl1" xml:id="Tl2" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
    <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
    <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
    <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
   </lg>
   <p>O, ho!</p>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

<writing>

<!-- ... --><l>man in a coonskin cap</l>
<writing>coonskin</writing>
<l>in a pig pen</l>
<writing>pig pen</writing>
<l>wants eleven dollar bills</l>
<writing>20 dollar bills</writing>
<l>you only got ten</l>
<writing>10</writing>
<!-- ... -->

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<l>Flowed up the hill and down King William Street,</l>
<delSpan spanTo="#EPdelEnd" resp="#EP"
 rend="strikethrough"/>
<l>To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the time,</l>
<l>With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine.</l>
<anchor xml:id="EPdelEnd"/>
<l>There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying "Stetson!</l>...

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend01"/> Tis moonlight
<del>upon</del>
 <add>over</add> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend01"/>
</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend02"/> Tis moonlight
<subst>
  <del>upon</del>
  <add>over</add>
 </subst> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend02"/>
</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

<l>And towards our distant rest began to trudge,</l>
<l>
 <subst>
  <del>Helping the worst amongst us</del>
  <add>Dragging the worst amongt
     us</add>
 </subst>, who'd no boots
</l>
<l>But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; <subst>
  <del status="shortEnd">half-</del>
  <add>all</add>
 </subst> blind;</l>
<l>Drunk with fatigue ; deaf even to the hoots</l>
<l>Of tired, outstripped <del>fif</del> five-nines that dropped
behind.</l>

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<l n="4">a darmi morte, poi m'avete preso <surplus reason="interpolated">a
   tradimento</surplus>
</l>
<l n="5">sì com' l'uccellator prende l'uccello</l>
<gap/>
<l n="43">e lettere dintorno che diriano <surplus reason="interpolated">in questa
   guisa</surplus>
</l>
<l n="44">Più v'amo, dëa, che non faccio Deo</l>

12.3.2.1. Document Hands

<l>When wolde the cat dwelle in his ynne</l>
<handShift medium="greenish-ink"/>
<l>And if the cattes skynne be slyk <handShift medium="black-ink"/> and
gaye</l>

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

<l> The Moving Finger wri<damage agent="water" group="1">es; and</damage> having writ,</l>
<l>Moves <damage agent="water" group="1">on: nor all your</damage> Piety nor
Wit</l>
<l>
 <damageSpan agent="water" group="1"
  spanTo="#washOut"/>Shall lure it back to
cancel half a Line,
</l>
<l>Nor all your Tears wash <anchor xml:id="washOut"/> out a Word of it</l>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<damage>

<l>The Moving Finger wri<damage agent="water" group="1">es; and</damage> having writ,</l>
<l>Moves <damage agent="water" group="1">
  <supplied>on: nor all your</supplied>
 </damage> Piety nor Wit</l>

<handShift>

<l>When wolde the cat dwelle in his ynne</l>
<handShift medium="greenish-ink"/>
<l>And if the cattes skynne be slyk <handShift medium="black-ink"/> and gaye</l>

<secl>

<rdg source="#Pescani">
 <secl>
  <l n="15" xml:id="l15">Alphesiboea suos ulta est pro coniuge fratres,</l>
  <l n="16" xml:id="l16">sanguinis et cari vincula rupit amor.</l>
 </secl>
</rdg>
<note>secl. Pescani</note>

13. Critical Apparatus

<listApp>

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

13.1.2. Readings

<l>Swaz hi gât umbe</l>
<l>daz sint alle megede,</l>
<l>die wellent ân man</l>
<l>
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" varSeq="1" hand="#m1">alle</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" cause="nachgetragen"
   varSeq="2" hand="#m2">allen</rdg>
 </app>
disen sumer gân.
</l>

13.1.2. Readings

<l>se ðe on
<app>
  <rdg wit="#Kl">hea(um) h(æþ)e</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#ms" source="#Z">heaðo hlæwe</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#ms" source="#Cha">heaum hope</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>hord beweotode,</l>

13.1.2. Readings

<l n="2207a">syððan <app>
  <lem>Beowulfe</lem>
  <note source="#Kl">Fol. 179a <mentioned>beowulfe</mentioned>.
     Folio 179, with the last page (Fol. 198b), is the worst part of the
     entire MS. It has been freshened up by a later hand, but not always
     correctly. Information on doubtful readings is in the notes of
     Zupitza and Chambers.</note>
 </app>
</l>
<l n="2207b">brade rice</l>

13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

<l>Swaz hi gât umbe</l>
<l>daz sint alle megede,</l>
<l>die wellent ân man</l>
<l>
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m1">alle</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m2">allen</rdg>
  <witDetail wit="#Mu">
   <mentioned>n</mentioned> nachgetragen.
  </witDetail>
 </app>
disen sumer gân.
</l>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<text>
 <body>
  <div n="WBP" type="prologue">
   <head>The Prologe of the Wyves Tale of Bathe</head>
   <l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
   <l>Were in this world ...</l>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<variantEncoding method="location-referenced"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">Experience
<app>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
though noon Auctoritee</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee
<app>
  <rdg wit="#La"> Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2"> Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee
<app>
  <lem wit="#El">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="external"/>
<!-- ... -->
<div n="WBP" type="prologue">
 <head>The Prologe ... </head>
 <l n="1" xml:id="WBP.1">Experience<anchor xml:id="WBP-A2"/> though noon Auctoritee</l>
 <l>Were in this world ...</l>
</div>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1" xml:id="wbp.1">Experience
<app from="#wbp.1">
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
though noon Auctoritee</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<l xml:id="WBP.117" n="117"> And
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.1"/> of so parfit
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.2"/> wys
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.3"/> a wight
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.4"/> ywroght
<app from="#WBP-A117.1" to="#WBP-A117.3">
  <lem wit="#Hg">of so parfit wys</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">in what wise was</rdg>
 </app>
 <app from="#WBP-A117.2" to="#WBP-A117.4">
  <lem wit="#Hg">wys a wight</lem>
  <rdg wit="#El #Ha4">was a wight</rdg>
 </app>
</l>

13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method

<variantEncoding method="parallel-segmentation"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">
 <app>
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method

<l n="1">
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Chi3">Auctoritee, though none experience</rdg>
  <rdg>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Hg">Experience</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
   </app>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Ra2">though</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#Hg">thogh</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La">thouh</rdg>
   </app>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Hg">noon Auctorite</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">none auctorite</rdg>
   </app>
  </rdg>
 </app>
</l>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1">
 <seg xml:id="WBP-so.1.1">Experience</seg> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="example.xml#WBP-so.1.1">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1">
 <anchor xml:id="WBP-so.1.1a"/> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="http://www.example.com/example.xml#WBP-so.1.1a">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1" xml:id="WP.1a">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="example.xml#string-range(WP.1a,0,10)">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="d1e372">
 <lem xml:id="d1e373" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="18">Hypsipyle uacuo constitit in thalamo:</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e376" wit="#J"
  cause="homeoarchon"/>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="app-lem-l25-l26"
 exclude="#app-rdg-Housman-l25-26">
 <lem xml:id="d1e462" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="25" xml:id="l25">desine iam reuocare tuis periuria verbis,</l>
  <l n="26" xml:id="l26">Cynthia, et oblitos parce movere deos;</l>
 </lem>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="app-rdg-Housman-l25-26"
 exclude="#app-lem-l25-l26">
 <rdg xml:id="d1e603" source="#Housman">
  <l copyOf="#l25"/>
  <l copyOf="#l26"/>
 </rdg>
 <note target="#d1e603">Housman put these lines after 32.</note>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="d1e275">
 <lem xml:id="d1e277" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="8">
   <app xml:id="d1e280">
    <lem xml:id="d1e281" wit="#N #Λ">ut</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e283" wit="#A">et</rdg>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e285" source="#Nodell">ac</rdg>
    <note target="#d1e287">perhaps</note>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e287" source="#Heyworth"
     cert="low">quam</rdg>
   </app> formosa nouo quae parat ire uiro.</l>
  <l n="9">
   <app xml:id="d1e294">
    <lem xml:id="d1e295">at</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e297" wit="#A">et</rdg>
   </app> non sic, Ithaci digressu <app xml:id="d1e300">
    <lem xml:id="d1e301">mota</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e303" source="#Graevius">immota</rdg>
   </app>, Calypso</l>
  <l n="10">desertis olim fleuerat aequoribus:</l>
  <l n="11">multos illa dies incomptis maesta capillis</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e314" wit="#C"
  cause="homoeoteleuton"/>
 <note target="#d1e314">omits lines 8-11 because of homoeoteleuton.</note>
</app>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,</l>
<l>
 <note type="imitation" place="bottom">
  <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
   <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
  </quote>
 </note>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,
</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<l>(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l>The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,
<ptr rend="unmarked" target="#note3.284"/>
</l>
<l>'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,</l>
<l>To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>
<note xml:id="note3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem.</l>
 </quote>
</note>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<l xml:id="L3.283">(Diff'rent our parties, but with equal grace</l>
<l xml:id="L3.284">The Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race,</l>
<l xml:id="L3.285">'Tis the same rope at sev'ral ends they twist,</l>
<l xml:id="L3.286">To Dulness, Ridpath is as dear as Mist)</l>
<!-- ... -->

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note type="imitation" place="bottom"
 target="#L3.284">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note xml:id="n3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>
<link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note type="imitation" place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" xml:id="r3.284"
  target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
<!-- ... -->
</note>
<!-- ... -->
<link target="#r3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.3. Groups of Links

<l xml:id="L2.79">A place there is, betwixt earth, air and seas</l>
<l xml:id="L2.80">Where from Ambrosia, Jove retires for ease.</l>
<!-- ... -->
<l xml:id="L2.88">Sign'd with that Ichor which from Gods distills.</l>
<!-- ... -->
<note xml:id="n2.79" place="bottom"
 anchored="false">
 <bibl>Ovid Met. 12.</bibl>
 <quote xml:lang="la">
  <l>Orbe locus media est, inter terrasq; fretumq;</l>
  <l>Cœlestesq; plagas —</l>
 </quote>
</note>
<note xml:id="n2.88" place="bottom"
 anchored="false"> Alludes to <bibl>Homer, Iliad 5</bibl> ...
</note>

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

<sp>
 <speaker>Mikado</speaker>
 <l>My <seg xml:id="Mik-L1s">object all sublime</seg>
 </l>
 <l>I shall <seg xml:id="Mik-L2s">achieve in time</seg>—</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-L3">To let <seg xml:id="L3s">the punishment fit the crime</seg>,</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l4">
  <seg copyOf="#Mik-L3s"/>;</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l5">And make each pris'ner pent</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l6">Unwillingly represent</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l7">A source <seg xml:id="Mik-l7s">of innocent merriment</seg>,</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l8">
  <seg copyOf="#Mik-l7s"/>!</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Chorus</speaker>
 <l>His <seg copyOf="#Mik-L1s"/>
 </l>
 <l>He will <seg copyOf="#Mik-L2s"/>
 </l>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-L3"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l4"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l5"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l6"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l7"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l8"/>
</sp>

17.7. Aggregation

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go?
 <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog-L2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-L1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>...
  <l xml:id="frog-L3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog-L1 #frog-L2 #frog-L3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog_l1 #frog_l2 #frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="fr_frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#fr_frog_l1 #fr_frog_l2 #fr_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>休</speaker>
 <p>怎麼樣了？<q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_x1">呱、呱、呱</l>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l2">有新來的青蛙</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>路易</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l1">以前的池塘</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>迪威</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l3">有新的池塘</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#zh-tw_frog_l1 #zh-tw_frog_l2 #zh-tw_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

17.8. Alternation

<div xml:id="bm" type="song">
 <l>Her skin is tender as
 <seg xml:id="dm">Dimaggio's</seg>
  <seg xml:id="lt">a leather</seg>
  <seg xml:id="bb">a baseball</seg>
   glove,</l>
 <l xml:id="rl">and she bats from right to left.</l>
 <l xml:id="db">now ain't that too damn bad.</l>
</div>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#dm #lt #bb" mode="excl"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#rl #db" mode="excl"
  weights="0.50 0.50"/>
</altGrp>
<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#dm #rl" weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#lt #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#bb #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#dm #db" weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#lt #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#bb #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

17.9.3. Stand-off Markup in TEI

<text>
 <body>
  <head>1755</head>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<listAnnotation>

<standOff>
 <listAnnotation>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="margin"
   resp="#STC" type="gloss"> The spell begins to
     break </note>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="bottom"
   resp="#JLL"> The turning point of the poem...
  </note>
 </listAnnotation>
</standOff>
<!-- ... -->
<lg xml:id="RotAM.4.15" rhyme="ABCB">
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray;</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
</lg>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.1. Words and Above

<div type="stanza">
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Tweedledum and Tweedledee</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">Agreed to have a battle;</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="I">For Tweedledum said <cl part="I">Tweedledee</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">
   <cl part="F">Had spoiled his nice new rattle.</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
</div>
<div type="stanza">
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Just then flew down a monstrous crow,</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">As black as a tar barrel;</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Which frightened both the heroes so,</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">
   <cl>They quite forgot their quarrel.</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
</div>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<l>
 <cl next="#c5" xml:id="c3" part="I">For Tweedledum said
 <cl next="#c6" xml:id="c4" part="I">Tweedledee</cl>
 </cl>
</l>
<l>
 <cl prev="#c3" xml:id="c5" part="F">
  <cl prev="#c4" xml:id="c6" part="F">Had spoiled his nice new rattle.</cl>
 </cl>
</l>

<cl>

<l>
 <cl type="relative"
  function="clause_modifier">Which frightened
   both the heroes so,</cl>
</l>
<l>
 <cl>They quite forgot their quarrel.</cl>
</l>

<w>

<l>
 <w lemma="it" pos="pn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0100">IT</w>
 <w lemma="have" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0110">hath</w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0120">been</w>
 <w lemma="say" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0130">said</w>
 <w lemma="of" pos="acp-p"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0140">of</w>
 <w lemma="old" pos="j"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0150">old</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0160">,</pc>
 <w lemma="that" pos="cs"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0170">that</w>
 <w lemma="play" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0180">
  <choice>
   <orig>Playes</orig>
   <reg>Plays</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvb"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0190">are</w>
 <w lemma="feast" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0200">Feasts</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0210">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100220">
 <w lemma="poet" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0220">Poets</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0230">the</w>
 <w lemma="cook" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0240">
  <choice>
   <orig>Cookes</orig>
   <reg>Cooks</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0250">,</pc>
 <w lemma="and" pos="cc"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0260">and</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0270">the</w>
 <w lemma="spectator" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0280">Spectators</w>
 <w lemma="guest" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0290">Guests</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0300">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100230">
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0310">The</w>
 <w lemma="actor" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0320">Actors</w>
 <w lemma="waiter" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0330">Waiters</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0340">:</pc>
<!-- ... -->
</l>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<l>Scorn not the sonnet; critic, you have frowned,</l>
<l>Mindless of its just honours; with this key</l>
<l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; the melody</l>
<l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</l>

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<lg>
 <l>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</l>
 <l>And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</l>
 <l>at the back of one certain man and asked me,</l>
 <l>"Is that guy a psychiatrist?" and by god he was! "Yes,"</l>
 <l>She said, "He <emph>looks</emph> like a psychiatrist."</l>
 <l>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</l>
</lg>

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<l>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/>
Scorn not the sonnet;
<anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/> critic, you have frowned,
</l>
<l>Mindless of its just honours; <anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/> with this key</l>
<l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; <anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/> the melody</l>
<l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound. <anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
</l>

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<l
   xmlns:n="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <n:sentenceBoundaryStart/>Scorn not the sonnet;
<n:sentenceBoundaryEnd/>
 <n:sentenceBoundaryStart/>critic, you have frowned,
</l>
<l>Mindless of its just honours; <n:sentenceBoundaryEnd/>
 <n:sentenceBoundaryStart/>with this key</l>
<l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; <n:sentenceBoundaryEnd/>
 <n:sentenceBoundaryStart/>the melody</l>
<l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound. <n:sentenceBoundaryEnd/>
</l>

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<lg
   xmlns:hr="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <l>
  <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
  <hr:s sID="s02"/>critic, you have frowned, </l>
 <l>Mindless of its just honours; <hr:s eID="s02"/>
  <hr:s sID="s03"/>with this key </l>
 <l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; <hr:s eID="s03"/>
  <hr:s sID="s04"/>the melody </l>
 <l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound. <hr:s eID="s04"/>
 </l>
</lg>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<lg>
 <l>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</l>
 <l>And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</l>
 <l>at the back of one certain man and asked me,</l>
 <l>
  <said n="quotation1">Is that guy a psychiatrist?</said> and by god he was!
 <said n="quotation2">Yes,</said>
 </l>
 <l>She said, <said n="quotation2">He <emph>looks</emph> like a
     psychiatrist.</said>
 </l>
 <l>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</l>
</lg>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<l>
 <seg n="sentence1">Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg n="sentence2">critic, you have frowned,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg n="sentence2">Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg n="sentence3">with this key</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg n="sentence3">Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg n="sentence4">the melody</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg n="sentence4">Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</l>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<l>
 <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg next="#s2b" xml:id="s2a">critic, you have frowned,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg prev="#s2a" xml:id="s2b">Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg next="#s3b" xml:id="s3a">with this key</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg prev="#s3a" xml:id="s3b">Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg next="#s4b" xml:id="s4a">the melody</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg prev="#s4a" xml:id="s4b">Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</l>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<l>
 <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg part="I">critic, you have frowned,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg part="F">Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg part="I">with this key</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg part="F">Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg part="I">the melody</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg part="F">Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</l>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<lg>
 <l>
  <seg part="I">Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="M">And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="M">at the back of one certain man and asked me,</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="F">"<seg>Is that guy a psychiatrist?</seg>" and by god he was!</seg>
  <seg part="I">"<seg part="I">Yes,</seg>"</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="F">She said, "<seg part="F">He <emph>looks</emph> like a psychiatrist.</seg>"</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</seg>
 </l>
</lg>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<l>
 <w xml:id="w01">Scorn</w>
 <w xml:id="w02">not</w>
 <w xml:id="w03">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w04">sonnet</w>; <w xml:id="w05">critic</w>, <w xml:id="w06">you</w>
 <w xml:id="w07">have</w>
 <w xml:id="w08">frowned</w>,
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w09">Mindless</w>
 <w xml:id="w10">of</w>
 <w xml:id="w11">its</w>
 <w xml:id="w12">just</w>
 <w xml:id="w13">honours</w>; <w xml:id="w14">with</w>
 <w xml:id="w15">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w16">key</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w17">Shakespeare</w>
 <w xml:id="w18">unlocked</w>
 <w xml:id="w19">his</w>
 <w xml:id="w20">heart</w>; <w xml:id="w21">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w22">melody</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w23">Of</w>
 <w xml:id="w24">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w25">small</w>
 <w xml:id="w26">lute</w>
 <w xml:id="w27">gave</w>
 <w xml:id="w28">ease</w>
 <w xml:id="w29">to</w>
 <w xml:id="w30">Petrarch's</w>
 <w xml:id="w31">wound</w>.
</l>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w01 #w02 #w03 #w04"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w05 #w06 #w07 #w08 #w09 #w10 #w11 #w12 #w13"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w14 #w15 #w16 #w17 #w18 #w19 #w20"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w21 #w22 #w23 #w24 #w25 #w26 #w27 #w28 #w29 #w30 #w31"/>
</p>

21.4. Stand-off Markup

<l>
 <w xml:id="w001">Scorn</w>
 <w xml:id="w002">not</w>
 <w xml:id="w003">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w004">sonnet</w>; <w xml:id="w005">critic</w>, <w xml:id="w006">you</w>
 <w xml:id="w007">have</w>
 <w xml:id="w008">frowned</w>,
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w009">Mindless</w>
 <w xml:id="w010">of</w>
 <w xml:id="w011">its</w>
 <w xml:id="w012">just</w>
 <w xml:id="w013">honours</w>; <w xml:id="w014">with</w>
 <w xml:id="w015">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w016">key</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w017">Shakespeare</w>
 <w xml:id="w018">unlocked</w>
 <w xml:id="w019">his</w>
 <w xml:id="w020">heart</w>; <w xml:id="w021">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w022">melody</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w023">Of</w>
 <w xml:id="w024">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w025">small</w>
 <w xml:id="w026">lute</w>
 <w xml:id="w027">gave</w>
 <w xml:id="w028">ease</w>
 <w xml:id="w029">to</w>
 <w xml:id="w030">Petrarch's</w>
 <w xml:id="w031">wound</w>.
</l>
<!-- elsewhere in the current document -->

<p xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w001),element(w004))"/>
</seg>
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w005),element(w013))"/>
</seg>
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w014),element(w020))"/>
</seg>
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w021),element(w031))"/>
</seg>
</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<lg>

<lg> (line group) contains one or more verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc. [3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse 3.13. Passages of Verse or Drama 7.2.5. Speech Contents]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

att.divLike

@org

@sample

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.divPart model.paraPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del emph head hi item lg note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def gen gram hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: add cb corr del desc ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg meeting milestone note noteGrp orig pb reg sic stage unclear

drama: camera caption move sound tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damage damageSpan delSpan fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space substJoin supplied surplus undo

Note

contains verse lines or nested line groups only, possibly prefixed by a heading.

Example

<lg type="free">
 <l>Let me be my own fool</l>
 <l>of my own making, the sum of it</l>
</lg>
<lg type="free">
 <l>is equivocal.</l>
 <l>One says of the drunken farmer:</l>
</lg>
<lg type="free">
 <l>leave him lay off it. And this is</l>
 <l>the explanation.</l>
</lg>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:lg">
<sch:assert test="count(descendant::tei:lg|descendant::tei:l|descendant::tei:gap) > 0">An lg element must contain at least one child l, lg, or gap element.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:lg">
<sch:report test="ancestor::tei:l[not(.//tei:note//tei:lg[. = current()])]">Abstract model violation: Lines may not contain line groups.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.lLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.stageLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.labelLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.pPart.transcriptional"/>
   <elementRef key="lg"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.lLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.stageLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.labelLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.pPart.transcriptional"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <elementRef key="lg"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element lg
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.divLike.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      (
         model.lLike
       | model.stageLike
       | model.labelLike
       | model.pPart.transcriptional
       | lg
      ),
      (
         model.lLike
       | model.stageLike
       | model.labelLike
       | model.pPart.transcriptional
       | model.global
       | lg
      )*,
      ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <lg> (line group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <lg> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <lg> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

6. Verse

7. Performance Texts

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENSJ">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENSJ">
 <resp>Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

att.global.responsibility

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENS1_transcriber">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENS1_transcriber">
 <resp when="2014">Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

att.typed

<div type="verse">
 <head>Night in Tarras</head>
 <lg type="stanza">
  <l>At evening tramping on the hot white road</l>
  <l>…</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="stanza">
  <l>A wind sprang up from nowhere as the sky</l>
  <l>…</l>
 </lg>
</div>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.7. The Classification Declaration

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="poe">
  <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="sonn">
   <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="shakesSonn">
    <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="petraSonn">
    <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="met">
   <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="ft">
    <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="iamb">
     <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="troch">
     <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="ftNm">
    <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="penta">
     <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="tetra">
     <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iamb #penta">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

<taxonomy>

<taxonomy>
 <category xml:id="literature">
  <catDesc>Literature</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="poetry">
   <catDesc>Poetry</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="sonnet">
    <catDesc>Sonnet</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="shakesSonnet">
     <catDesc>Shakespearean Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
    <category xml:id="petraSonnet">
     <catDesc>Petrarchan Sonnet</catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="haiku">
    <catDesc>Haiku</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="drama">
   <catDesc>Drama</catDesc>
  </category>
 </category>
 <category xml:id="meter">
  <catDesc>Metrical Categories</catDesc>
  <category xml:id="feet">
   <catDesc>Metrical Feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="iambic">
    <catDesc>Iambic</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="trochaic">
    <catDesc>trochaic</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
  <category xml:id="feetNumber">
   <catDesc>Number of feet</catDesc>
   <category xml:id="pentameter">
    <catDesc>>Pentameter</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="tetrameter">
    <catDesc>>Tetrameter</catDesc>
   </category>
  </category>
 </category>
</taxonomy>
<!-- elsewhere in document -->
<lg ana="#shakesSonnet #iambic #pentameter">
 <l>Shall I compare thee to a summer's day</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<lg>
 <l>Amıgas sey eu be<ex>n</ex> dunha molher</l>
 <l>Que se trabalha de uosco buscar</l>
 <l>Mal a uossamigo polo matar</l>
 <l>Mays todaquestamiga ela q<ex>ue</ex>r</l>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l>Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
 <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>E buscalhi co<ex>n</ex> uosco q<ex>ua</ex>nto mal</l>
 <l>Ela mays pode aq<ex>ue</ex>sto sei eu</l>
 <l>E todaq<ex>ue</ex>stela faz polo seu</l>
 <l>E p<ex>or</ex>este p<unclear>ẏ</unclear>te non por al</l>
 <lb/>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l rend="nobreak" part="I">Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca</l>
 <ellipsis>
  <metamark rend="nobreak"
   function="ellipsis">·:—</metamark>
  <supplied>
   <l rend="nobreak" part="F">co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
   <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
  </supplied>
 </ellipsis>
</lg>

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>What projects men make—what queer turns they take,</l>
 <l>Since <emph>steam</emph> has improved our condition;</l>
 <l>They never are still, but must cure or must kill</l>
 <l>With steam physic or steam ammunition.</l>
 <l>But a short time ago, to a quack you would go,</l>
 <l>To steam a fat man to a thinner;</l>
 <l>Now changed from all that, if you wish to get <emph>fat</emph>,</l>
 <l>Come to Barton’s and eat a <emph>steam dinner!</emph>
 </l>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>You may sleep, you may dream, you may travel by steam,</l>
 <l>For the outcry is still to go faster;</l>
 <l>And what does it reck, should you e’en break your neck,</l>
 <l>If ’tis <emph>steam</emph> that brings on the disaster?</l>
 <ellipsis resp="#ChambersEdnbrghJrnl1880">
  <metamark function="multilineEllipsis"> * * * * </metamark>
  <desc resp="#teiProjectEditor2021">The printer omits four lines here,
     skipping the second half of the second octave, before the refrain.</desc>
 </ellipsis>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>You think you’ve lost your love </l>
 <l>Well, I saw her yesterday </l>
 <l>It’s you she's thinking of </l>
 <l>And she told me what to say</l>
</lg>
<lg xml:id="chorus">
 <label>[Refrain]</label>
 <l>She says she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know that can’t be bad </l>
 <l>Yes, she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know you should be glad</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>She said you hurt her so </l>
 <l>She almost lost her mind </l>
 <l>But now she said she knows </l>
 <l>You’re not the hurting kind</l>
</lg>
<ellipsis>
 <metamark>******</metamark>
 <supplied copyOf="#chorus"/>
</ellipsis>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<lg>
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
 <note type="gloss" place="margin">The spell begins to break</note>
</lg>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<lg>
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
 <label place="margin">The spell begins to break</label>
</lg>

3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation

<lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray;
 <note place="margin" resp="#STC"
   type="gloss">The spell begins to break</note>
  <note place="bottom" resp="#JLL">The turning point of the poem...</note>
 </l>
</lg>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<lg>
 <milestone unit="speaker" n="Man"/>
 <l>Oh what is this I cannot see</l>
 <l>With icy hands gets a hold on me</l>
 <milestone unit="speaker" n="Death"/>
 <l>Oh I am Death, none can excel</l>
 <l>I open the doors of heaven and hell</l>
</lg>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<lg>
 <l>Come fill up the Glass,</l>
 <l rend="indent">Round, round let it pass,</l>
 <l>'Till our Reason be lost in our Wine:</l>
 <l rend="indent">Leave Conscience's Rules</l>
 <l rend="indent">To Women and Fools,</l>
 <l>This only can make us divine.</l>
</lg>
<lg n="Chorus" type="refrain">
 <l>Then a Mohock, a Mohock I'll be,</l>
 <l>No Laws shall restrain</l>
 <l>Our Libertine Reign,</l>
 <l>We'll riot, drink on, and be free.</l>
</lg>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<lg type="sonnet">
 <lg type="octet">
  <l>Thus speaks the Muse, and bends her brow severe:—</l>
  <l>“Did I, <name>Lætitia</name>, lend my choicest lays,</l>
  <l>And crown thy youthful head with freshest bays,</l>
  <l>That all the' expectance of thy full-grown year</l>
  <l>Should lie inert and fruitless? O revere</l>
  <l>Those sacred gifts whose meed is deathless praise,</l>
  <l>Whose potent charms the' enraptured soul can raise</l>
  <l>Far from the vapours of this earthly sphere!</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="sestet">
  <l>Seize, seize the lyre! resume the lofty strain!</l>
  <l>'T is time, 't is time! hark how the nations round</l>
  <l>With jocund notes of liberty resound,—</l>
  <l>And thy own <name>Corsica</name> has burst her chain!</l>
  <l>O let the song to <name>Britain's</name> shores rebound,</l>
  <l rend="indent(-1)">Where Freedom's once-loved voice is heard,
     alas! in vain.”</l>
 </lg>
</lg>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<lg n="6" type="para">
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Unprofitably travelling toward the grave,</l>
 <l>Like a false steward who hath much received</l>
 <l part="I">And renders nothing back.</l>
</lg>
<lg type="para" n="7">
 <l part="F">Was it for this</l>
 <l>That one, the fairest of all rivers, loved</l>
 <l>To blend his murmurs with my nurse's song,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<sp>
 <speaker>First Voice</speaker>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>But why drives on that ship so fast</l>
  <l>Withouten wave or wind?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Second Voice</speaker>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>The air is cut away before,</l>
  <l>And closes from behind.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

<lg>

<lg type="free">
 <l>Let me be my own fool</l>
 <l>of my own making, the sum of it</l>
</lg>
<lg type="free">
 <l>is equivocal.</l>
 <l>One says of the drunken farmer:</l>
</lg>
<lg type="free">
 <l>leave him lay off it. And this is</l>
 <l>the explanation.</l>
</lg>

<lg>

<div type="sonnet">
 <lg type="quatrain">
  <l>Les amoureux fervents et les savants austères</l>
  <l>Aiment également, dans leur mûre saison,</l>
  <l>Les chats puissants et doux, orgueil de la maison,</l>
  <l>Qui comme eux sont frileux et comme eux sédentaires.</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="quatrain">
  <l>Amis de la science et de la volupté</l>
  <l>Ils cherchent le silence et l'horreur des ténèbres ;</l>
  <l>L'Erèbe les eût pris pour ses coursiers funèbres,</l>
  <l>S'ils pouvaient au servage incliner leur fierté.</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="tercet">
  <l>Ils prennent en songeant les nobles attitudes</l>
  <l>Des grands sphinx allongés au fond des solitudes,</l>
  <l>Qui semblent s'endormir dans un rêve sans fin ;</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="tercet">
  <l>Leurs reins féconds sont pleins d'étincelles magiques,</l>
  <l>Et des parcelles d'or, ainsi qu'un sable fin,</l>
  <l>Etoilent vaguement leurs prunelles mystiques.</l>
 </lg>
</div>

<lg>

<lg type="free">
 <l>把你的影子加點鹽</l>
 <l>醃起來</l>
 <l>風乾</l>
</lg>
<lg type="free">
 <l>老的時候</l>
 <l>下酒</l>
</lg>

4. Default Text Structure

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.7.1. Vertical Writing Modes

<div>
 <lg xml:lang="ja"
  style="writing-mode: vertical-rl">
  <l>古池や</l>
  <l>蛙</l>
  <l>飛び込む</l>
  <l>水の音</l>
 </lg>
 <lg xml:lang="ja-Latn"
  style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">
  <l>furu ike ya</l>
  <l>kawazu tobikomu</l>
  <l>mizu no oto</l>
 </lg>
 <lg xml:lang="en">
  <l>Old pond,</l>
  <l>and a frog dives in—</l>
  <l>"Splash"!</l>
 </lg>
</div>

5.8. Text Rotation

<lg style="transform:rotateZ(90deg)">
 <l>My tender age in ſorrow did beginne:</l>
 <l>And ſtill with ſickneſſes and ſhame</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>

6. Verse

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <body>
  <head>My Alba</head>
  <lg>
   <l>Now that I've wasted</l>
   <l>five years in Manhattan</l>
   <l>life decaying</l>
   <l>talent a blank</l>
  </lg>
  <lg>
   <l>talking disconnected</l>
   <l>patient and mental</l>
   <l>sliderule and number</l>
   <l>machine on a desk</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<lg>
 <l>The Frost performs its secret ministry,</l>
 <l>Unhelped by any wind. ...</l>
 <l>Whose puny flaps and freaks the idling Spirit</l>
 <l>By its own moods interprets, every where</l>
 <l>Echo or mirror seeking of itself,</l>
 <l part="I">And makes a toy of Thought.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l part="F">But O! how oft,</l>
 <l>How oft, at school, with most believing mind</l>
 <l>Presageful, have I gazed upon the bars,</l>
 <l>To watch that fluttering <hi>stranger</hi>! ... </l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>Dear Babe, that sleepest cradled by my side,</l>
</lg>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<lg>
 <l>Sire Thopas was a doghty swayn;</l>
 <l>White was his face as payndemayn,</l>
 <l>His lippes rede as rose;</l>
 <l>His rode is lyk scarlet in grayn,</l>
 <l>And I yow telle in good certayn,</l>
 <l>He hadde a semely nose.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>His heer, his ber was lyk saffroun,</l>
 <l>That to his girdel raughte adoun;</l>
</lg>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<lg type="stanza">
 <lg type="sestet">
  <l>In the first year of Freedom's second dawn</l>
  <l>Died George the Third; although no tyrant, one</l>
  <l>Who shielded tyrants, till each sense withdrawn</l>
  <l>Left him nor mental nor external sun:</l>
  <l>A better farmer ne'er brushed dew from lawn,</l>
  <l>A worse king never left a realm undone!</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="couplet">
  <l>He died — but left his subjects still behind,</l>
  <l>One half as mad — and t'other no less blind.</l>
 </lg>
</lg>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <body>
  <lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>My Mistres eyes are nothing like the Sunne,</l>
    <l>Currall is farre more red, then her lips red</l>
    <l>If snow be white, why then her brests are dun:</l>
    <l>If haires be wiers, black wiers grown on her head:</l>
   </lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>I have seene Roses damaskt, red and white,</l>
    <l>But no such Roses see I in her cheekes,</l>
    <l>And in some perfumes is there more delight,</l>
    <l>Then in the breath that from my Mistres reekes.</l>
   </lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>I love to heare her speake, yet well I know,</l>
    <l>That Musicke hath a farre more pleasing sound:</l>
    <l>I graunt I never saw a goddesse goe,</l>
    <l>My Mistres when shee walkes treads on the ground.</l>
   </lg>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>And yet by heaven I think my love as rare,</l>
   <l>As any she beli'd with false compare.</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<body>
 <div n="I" type="book">
  <div n="1" type="canto">
   <lg n="I.1.1" type="stanza">
    <l>A Gentle Knight was pricking on the plain</l>
    <l>Y cladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,</l>
   </lg>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

<lg type="couplet">
 <l>
  <said xml:id="eg1-said1"
   next="#eg1-said2">Our lives</said>, ſaid he,
 <said xml:id="eg1-said2"
   next="#eg1-said3" prev="#eg1-said1">wee'll give before we yield</said>,
 </l>
 <l>
  <said xml:id="eg1-said3"
   prev="#eg1-said2">Wee'll win your battles, or dye in the field</said>.
 </l>
</lg>

6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

<lg type="couplet">
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said1">Our lives</seg>, ſaid he,
 <seg xml:id="eg2-said2">wee'll give before we yield</seg>,
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said3">Wee'll win your battles, or dye in the field</seg>.
 </l>
</lg>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="said" scope="root"
  target="#eg2-said1 #eg2-said2 #eg2-said3"/>
</p>

6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

<div type="book" n="1" met="-+|-+|-+|-+|-+/"
 rhyme="aa">
 <lg n="1" type="paragraph">
  <l>'Tis hard to say, if greater Want of Skill</l>
  <l>Appear in <hi>Writing</hi> or in <hi>Judging</hi> ill;</l>
  <l>But, of the two, less dang'rous is th'Offence,</l>
  <l>To tire our <hi>Patience</hi>, than mis-lead our <hi>Sense</hi>:</l>
 </lg>
</div>

6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

<lg type="chevy-chase-stanza"
 met="-+-+-+-+/-+-+-+" rhyme="ababcdcd">
 <l n="1"> Und frische Nahrung, neues Blut</l>
 <l n="2" real="+--+-+"> Saug' ich aus freier Welt;</l>
 <l n="3" real="+--+-+-+"> Wie ist Natur so hold und gut,</l>
 <l n="4" real="---+-+"> Die mich am Busen hält!</l>
 <l n="5"> Die Welle wieget unsern Kahn</l>
 <l n="6"> Im Rudertakt hinauf,</l>
 <l n="7"> Und Berge, wolkig himmelan,</l>
 <l n="8"> Begegnen unserm Lauf.</l>
</lg>

6.4.3. Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse

<div type="canzone"
 met="E/E/S/E/S/E/E/S/E/S/E/S/S/E/S/E/E/S/S/E/E" rhyme="abbcdaccbdceeffghhhgg">
 <lg n="1" type="stanza">
  <l n="1">Doglia mi reca nello core ardire</l>
 </lg>
</div>

6.4.3. Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse

<div met="[...]">
 <lg>
  <l> ... </l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="commiato"
  met="E/S/S/E/S/E/E/S/S/E/E" rhyme="abbccdeeedd">
  <l n="1">Canzone, presso di qui è une donna</l>
 </lg>
</div>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg rhyme="aa-a">
 <l>Why, all the Saints and Sages who discuss'd</l>
 <l>Of the Two Worlds so learnedly, are thrust</l>
 <l>Like foolish Prophets forth; their Words to Scorn</l>
 <l>Are scatter'd, and their Mouths are stopt with Dust. </l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg type="couplet" rhyme="aa">
 <l>Outside in the distance a wildcat did <rhyme>growl</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Two riders were approaching and the wind began to <rhyme>howl</rhyme>
 </l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg type="quatrain" rhyme="abab">
 <l>I wander thro' each charter'd <rhyme label="a">street</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Near where the charter'd Thames does <rhyme label="b">flow</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>And mark in every face I <rhyme label="a">meet</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Marks of weakness, marks of <rhyme label="b">woe</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>
<lg rhyme="abab">
 <l>In every cry of every <rhyme label="a">Man</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>In every Infant's cry of <rhyme label="b">fear</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>In every voice, in every <rhyme label="a">ban</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>The mind-forg'd manacles I <rhyme label="b">hear</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg rhyme="ABCCBBA">
 <l>The sunlight on the <rhyme label="A">garden</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>
  <rhyme label="A">Harden</rhyme>s and grows <rhyme label="B">cold</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>We cannot cage the <rhyme label="C">minute</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Wi<rhyme label="C">thin it</rhyme>s nets of <rhyme label="B">gold</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>When all is <rhyme label="B">told</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot beg for <rhyme label="A">pardon</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg rhyme="AB-BBA">
 <l>The sunlight on the <rhyme xml:id="V-A1">garden</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>
  <rhyme xml:id="V-A2">Harden</rhyme>s and grows <rhyme xml:id="V-B1">cold,</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot cage the <rhyme xml:id="V-C1">minute</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Wi<rhyme xml:id="V-C2">thin it</rhyme>s nets of <rhyme xml:id="V-B2">gold</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>When all is <rhyme xml:id="V-B3">told</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot beg for <rhyme xml:id="V-A3">pardon</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <metDecl xml:id="md_en" type="met"
  pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
  <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
 </metDecl>
 <metDecl xml:id="md_fr" type="met"
  pattern="(AAAAAT\|AAAAT(A)?)">
  <metSym value="T">syllabe tonique</metSym>
  <metSym value="A">syllabe atone</metSym>
  <metSym value="|">pause métrique</metSym>
 </metDecl>
<!-- ... -->
</encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div decls="#md_en">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
 <div decls="#md_fr">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>

<metDecl>

<lg n="1" type="quatrain">
 <l n="1">J'ai longtemps habité sous de vastes portiques</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg rhyme="abababcc">
 <l>'Tis pity learned virgins ever <rhyme label="a">wed</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>With persons of no sort of edu<rhyme label="b">cation</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Or gentlemen, who, though well born and <rhyme label="a">bred</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Grow tired of scientific conver<rhyme label="b">sation</rhyme>:</l>
 <l>I don't choose to say much on this <rhyme label="a">head</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>I'm a plain man, and in a single <rhyme label="b">station</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>But — Oh! ye lords of ladies inte<rhyme label="c">llectual</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Inform us truly, have they not hen-<rhyme label="c">peck'd you all</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg>
 <l>Tyger! Tyger! burning <rhyme label="a">bright</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>In the forests of the <rhyme label="a">night</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>What immortal hand or <rhyme label="b">eye</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Could frame thy fearful <rhyme label="b" type="eye-rhyme">symmetry</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg>
 <l>"Hark! Lakshman! Hark, again that <rhyme label="a">cry</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>It is, — it is my husband's <rhyme label="b">voice</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>hasten, to his succour <rhyme label="a">fly</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>No more hast thou, dear friend, a <rhyme label="b">choice</rhyme>.</l>
 <l>He calls on thee, perhaps his <rhyme label="c">foes</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Environ him on all sides <rhyme label="d">round</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>That wail, — it means death's final <rhyme label="c">throes</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>Why standest thou, as magic-<rhyme label="d">bound</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg type="quatrain" rhyme="aabccb">
 <l> Les étoiles, points d'or, percent les branches n<rhyme label="a">oires</rhyme> ; </l>
 <l> Le flot huileux et lourd décompose ses m<rhyme label="a">oires</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l> Sur l'océan blê<rhyme label="b">mi</rhyme> ;</l>
 <l>Les nuages ont l'air d'oiseaux prenant la f<rhyme label="c">uite</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Par moments le vent parle, et dit des mots sans s<rhyme label="c">uite</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l> Comme un homme endor<rhyme label="b">mi</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg rhyme="ou">
 <l>故人西辭黃鶴 <rhyme label="lou2">樓</rhyme>，</l>
 <l>煙花三月下揚<rhyme label="jou">州</rhyme>；</l>
 <l>孤帆遠影碧山<rhyme label="jin4">盡</rhyme>，</l>
 <l>唯見長江天際流<rhyme label="liou2">sation</rhyme>。</l>
</lg>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name>
   and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage>Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name> and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="triplet">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage type="business">Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Stances en forme d'épilogue. </head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Alidor.</speaker>
  <lg type="stances">
   <l>Que par cette retraite elle me favorise !</l>
   <l>Alors que mes desseins cedent à mes amours,</l>
   <l> Et qu'ils ne sçauroient plus defendre ma franchise</l>
   <l> Sa haine, et ses refus viennent à leur secours.</l>
   <l> J'avois beau la trahir, une secrette amorce</l>
   <l> R'allumoit dans mon coeur l'amour par la pitié,</l>
   <l> Mes feux en recevoient une nouvelle force,</l>
   <l> Et tousjours leur ardeur en croissoit de moitié.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>收場詩</head>
 <stage type="business">飾國王者向觀眾致辭</stage>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>袍笏登場本是虛，</l>
   <l>王侯卿相總堪嗤，</l>
   <l>但能博得觀眾喜，</l>
   <l>便是功成圓滿時。</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.2.3. Grouped Speeches

<spGrp type="number" n="3">
 <head>By Strauss : performed by Georges Guetary, Gene Kelly, and Oscar
   Levant</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>The waltzes of Mittel Europa </l>
   <l>They charm you and warm you within </l>
   <l>While each day discloses </l>
   <l>What Broadway composes </l>
   <l>Is emptiness pounding on tin.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp xml:lang="de">
  <speaker>JERRY MULLIGAN: ADAM COOK:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Mein Herr! </l>
   <l>Mein Herr!</l>
   <l>Bitte, bitte!</l>
   <l>Denke, danke!</l>
   <l>Aufwiedersehen! Aufwiedersehen!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>How can I be civil </l>
   <l>When hearing this drivel? </l>
   <l>It's only for night-clubbing souses. </l>
   <l>Oh give me the free 'n easy </l>
   <l>Waltz that is Viennes-y </l>
   <l>And go tell the band</l>
   <l>If they want a hand</l>
   <l>The waltz must be Strauss's</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>ALL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Ya ya ya </l>
   <l>Give me oom pah pah...</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <lg part="I">
   <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
   <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
   <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <lg part="M">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <lg part="F">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with th' love of gain.
   You thry to pin on others th' dirty decorations that
   may be hangin' on your own coats.</p>
 <stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
   and Flagonson. Lilting)</stage>
 <lg type="song">
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Flagonson</speaker>
 <stage>(in anguished indignation).</stage>
 <p>This is more than a hurt to us: this hits at the
   decency of the whole nation!</p>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in his semi-dance,
   as he goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>Goodbye to holy souls left here,</l>
  <l>Goodbye to man an' fairy;</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Widda Machree</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in her semi-dance,
   as she goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>Goodbye to all of Leicester Square,</l>
  <l>An' the long way to Tipperary.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<div1 n="4" type="act">
 <div2 n="5" type="scene">
  <stage>Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
  <stage type="setting">Enter Ophelia, distracted.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Where is the beauteous Majesty of Denmark?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <stage>Singing</stage>
   <lg next="#Tl2" xml:id="Tl1" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
    <l>From another one?</l>
    <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
    <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
   </lg>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
   <stage>Sings</stage>
   <lg prev="#Tl1" xml:id="Tl2" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
    <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
    <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
    <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
   </lg>
   <p>O, ho!</p>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

13. Critical Apparatus

<listApp>

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<listAnnotation>

<standOff>
 <listAnnotation>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="margin"
   resp="#STC" type="gloss"> The spell begins to
     break </note>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="bottom"
   resp="#JLL"> The turning point of the poem...
  </note>
 </listAnnotation>
</standOff>
<!-- ... -->
<lg xml:id="RotAM.4.15" rhyme="ABCB">
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray;</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
</lg>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<lg>
 <l>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</l>
 <l>And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</l>
 <l>at the back of one certain man and asked me,</l>
 <l>"Is that guy a psychiatrist?" and by god he was! "Yes,"</l>
 <l>She said, "He <emph>looks</emph> like a psychiatrist."</l>
 <l>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</l>
</lg>

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<lg
   xmlns:hr="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <l>
  <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
  <hr:s sID="s02"/>critic, you have frowned, </l>
 <l>Mindless of its just honours; <hr:s eID="s02"/>
  <hr:s sID="s03"/>with this key </l>
 <l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; <hr:s eID="s03"/>
  <hr:s sID="s04"/>the melody </l>
 <l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound. <hr:s eID="s04"/>
 </l>
</lg>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<lg>
 <l>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</l>
 <l>And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</l>
 <l>at the back of one certain man and asked me,</l>
 <l>
  <said n="quotation1">Is that guy a psychiatrist?</said> and by god he was!
 <said n="quotation2">Yes,</said>
 </l>
 <l>She said, <said n="quotation2">He <emph>looks</emph> like a
     psychiatrist.</said>
 </l>
 <l>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</l>
</lg>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<lg>
 <l>
  <seg part="I">Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="M">And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="M">at the back of one certain man and asked me,</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="F">"<seg>Is that guy a psychiatrist?</seg>" and by god he was!</seg>
  <seg part="I">"<seg part="I">Yes,</seg>"</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="F">She said, "<seg part="F">He <emph>looks</emph> like a psychiatrist.</seg>"</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</seg>
 </l>
</lg>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<sp>

<sp> (speech) contains an individual speech in a performance text, or a passage presented as such in a prose or verse text. [3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama 3.13. Passages of Verse or Drama 7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.divPart

Contained by

core: item note q quote said stage textLang

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set spGrp view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

transcr: metamark

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb cit ellipsis gap gb index l lb lg list milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said speaker stage

drama: camera caption move sound tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

The who attribute on this element may be used either in addition to the speaker element or as an alternative.

Example

<sp>
 <speaker>The reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mr Gryll</speaker>
 <p>Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>The Reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him. In the first place [...]</p>
 <p>Fish, Miss Gryll — I could discourse to you on fish by the hour: but for the present I
   will forbear [...]</p>
</sp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   <classRef key="model.stageLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="speaker"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <alternate>
    <elementRef key="lg"/>
    <classRef key="model.lLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.listLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.stageLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.attributable"/>
   </alternate>
   <alternate>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="q"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element sp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   (
      ( model.global | model.stageLike )*,
      ( speaker, model.global* ),
      (
         (
            (
               lg
             | model.lLike
             | model.pLike
             | model.listLike
             | model.stageLike
             | model.attributable
            ),
            ( model.global* | q )
         )+
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <sp> (speech)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <sp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <sp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

12. Representation of Primary Sources

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.ascribed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Barnardo">Bernardo</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Francisco">Francisco</role>
 <roleDesc>a soldier</roleDesc>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#Barnardo">
 <speaker>Bernardo</speaker>
 <l n="1">Who's there?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#Francisco">
 <speaker>Francisco</speaker>
 <l n="2">Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself.</l>
</sp>

att.ascribed.directed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="emil">Emilius.</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="lov">Lovisa</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="serv">A servant</role>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#emil" toWhom="#lov">
 <speaker>Emil.</speaker>
 <l n="1">My love!</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#lov" toWhom="#emil">
 <speaker>Lov.</speaker>
 <l n="2">I have no Witness of my Noble Birth</l>
 <stage who="emil" toWhom="#serv">Pointing to her Woman.</stage>
 <l>But that poor helpless wretch——</l>
</sp>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<sp>
 <speaker>First Voice</speaker>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>But why drives on that ship so fast</l>
  <l>Withouten wave or wind?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Second Voice</speaker>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>The air is cut away before,</l>
  <l>And closes from behind.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div2 n="I.2" type="scene">
 <head>Scene 2.</head>
 <stage type="setting">Peachum, Filch.</stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Sir, Black Moll hath sent word her Trial comes on in
     the Afternoon, and she hopes you will order Matters
     so as to bring her off.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>PEACHUM.</speaker>
  <p>Why, she may plead her Belly at worst; to my
     Knowledge she hath taken care of that Security.
     But, as the Wench is very active and industrious,
     you may satisfy her that I'll soften the Evidence.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Tom Gagg, sir, is found guilty.</p>
 </sp>
</div2>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="Act">
 <head>ACT I</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="Scene">
  <head>SCENE I</head>
  <stage rend="italic">Enter Barnardo and Francisco,
     two Sentinels, at several doors</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="Y">Who's there?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="I">Long live the King!</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l part="M">Barnardo?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="F">He.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>You come most carefully upon your hour.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l>'Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>For this relief much thanks. 'Tis bitter cold,</l>
   <l part="I">And I am sick at heart.</l>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<stage>Enter two Centinels.
<add place="margin">Now call'd <name xml:id="barnardo">Bernardo</name> &amp;
 <name xml:id="francisco">Francesco</name>.</add>
</stage>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Stand: who is that?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Tis I.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l>O you come most carefully vpon your watch,</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l>And if you meete Marcellus and Horatio,</l>
 <l>The partners of my watch, bid them make haste.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I will: See who goes there.</l>
</sp>
<stage>Enter Horatio and Marcellus.</stage>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting">A tempestuous
     noise of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter
     a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall
       too't, yarely, or we run our selues a ground,
       bestirre, bestirre. <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare,
       yare: Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle:
       Blow till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<sp>
 <speaker>The reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mr Gryll</speaker>
 <p>Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>The Reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him.
   In the first place ...</p>
 <p>Fish, Miss Gryll — I could discourse to you on fish by the
   hour: but for the present I will forbear ...</p>
</sp>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<sp>
 <speaker>Lord Curryfin</speaker>
 <stage>(after a pause).</stage>
 <p>
  <q>Mass</q> as the second grave-digger says
   in <title>Hamlet</title>, <q>I cannot tell.</q>
 </p>
</sp>
<p>A chorus of laughter dissolved the sitting.</p>

<sp>

<sp>
 <speaker>The reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mr Gryll</speaker>
 <p>Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>The Reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him. In the first place [...]</p>
 <p>Fish, Miss Gryll — I could discourse to you on fish by the hour: but for the present I
   will forbear [...]</p>
</sp>

<sp>

<sp>
 <speaker> Valère.</speaker>
 <p>Hé bien ! Sabine, quel conseil me donneras-tu ?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker> Sabine.</speaker>
 <p>Vraiment, il y a bien des nouvelles. Mon oncle veut résolûment que ma cousine épouse
   Villebrequin, et les affaires sont tellement avancées, que je crois qu'ils eussent été
   mariés dès aujourd'hui, si vous n'étiez aimé ... Le bonhomme ne manquera pas
   de faire loger ma cousine à ce pavillon qui est au bout de notre jardin, et par ce moyen
   vous pourriez l'entretenir à l'insu de notre vieillard, l'épouser, et le laisser pester
   tout son soûl avec Villebrequin.</p>
</sp>

<sp>

<sp>
 <speaker>祝英台</speaker>
 <p>我就是英台。三年前我想出外求學，故而改扮男裝，不期与梁兄相遇，三載同窗多蒙照顧，英台感激不盡。</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>梁山伯</speaker>
 <p>賢弟，哦，念書的時候，咱們是兄弟相稱，如今你這樣的打扮，我該稱你賢弟呢，還是…… </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>祝英台</speaker>
 <p>讀書時節我是女扮男裝，理該兄弟相稱，如今不妨改稱兄妹。</p>
</sp>

<speaker>

<sp who="#ni #rsa">
 <speaker>Nancy and Robert</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">(speaking simultaneously)</stage>
 <p>The future? ...</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="ni"/>
 <item xml:id="rsa"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p>Ne risquez rien du tout, Monique ; rentrez.</p>
</sp>
<sp who="mo">
 <speaker>Monique.</speaker>
 <p>Rentrer ? comment voulez-vous que je rentre ? J'ai les clés de la voiture.</p>
</sp>
<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p> Je rentrerai par mes propres moyens. </p>
</sp>
<sp who="mo">
 <speaker>Monique.</speaker>
 <p> Vous ? vos moyens ? quels moyens ? Seigneur ! Vous ne savez même pas conduire, vous ne
   savez pas reconnaître votre gauche de votre droite, vous auriez été incapable de
   retrouver ce fichu quartier tout seul, vous ne savez absolument rien faire tout seul. Je
   me demande bien comment vous pourriez rentrer. </p>
</sp>
<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p>J'appellerai un taxi.</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="fr_mo"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_ko"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="#zh-tw_ni #zh-tw_rsa">
 <speaker>梁山伯與祝英台t</speaker>
 <stage type="演講或歌唱">（同時)</stage>
 <p>梁山伯與祝英台，生不成雙死不分，生不成雙死不分。</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_ni"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_rsa"/>
</list>

4. Default Text Structure

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Hush, the players begin...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>In Athens our tale takes place [...]</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>Now that the play is finished ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Chut ! Les acteurs commencent...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>Notre histoire se passe à Athènes [...]</l>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
     </sp>
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>La pièce est maintenant finie ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>快點，演員開始了...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>故事開始於雅典...</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... 這裡是其他動作 -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>戲劇結束...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name>
   and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage>Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<sp>
 <speaker>Prospero</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I'll deliver all,</l>
 <l>And promise you calm seas, auspicious gales,</l>
 <l>Be free and fare thou well. <stage type="exit">Exit Ariel</stage>
   Please you, draw near. <stage type="exit">Exeunt all but Prospero</stage>
  <note place="margin">Epilogue</note>
 </l>
 <l>Now my charms are all o'erthrown,</l>
 <l>And what strength I have's mine own</l>
 <l>As you from crimes would pardoned be,</l>
 <l>Let your indulgence set me free.</l>
</sp>
<stage type="mix">He awaits applause, then exit.</stage>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <sp>
  <l>Wits, like physicians never can agree,</l>
  <l>When of a different society.</l>
  <l>New plays are stuffed with wits, and with deboches,</l>
  <l>That crowd and sweat like cits in May-Day coaches.</l>
 </sp>
 <trailer>Written by a person of quality</trailer>
</prologue>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <head>Prologue</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Le Prologue.</speaker>
  <p>Voilà. Ces personnages vont vous jouer l' histoire d' Antigone. Antigone, c' est la
     petite maigre qui est assise là-bas, et qui ne dit rien. Elle regarde droit devant
     elle. Elle pense. Elle pense qu' elle va être Antigone tout à l' heure, qu' elle va
     surgir soudain de la maigre jeune fille noiraude et renfermée que personne ne prenait
     au sérieux dans la famille et se dresser seule en face du monde, seule en face de
     Créon, son oncle, qui est le roi. Elle pense qu' elle va mourir, qu' elle est jeune et
     qu' elle aussi, elle aurait bien aimé vivre. Mais il n' y a rien à faire. Elle s'
     appelle Antigone et il va falloir qu' elle joue son rôle jusqu' au bout... </p>
 </sp>
</prologue>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <sp>
  <l>何時姊妹再相逢，雷電轟轟雨蒙蒙？</l>
  <l>且等烽煙靜四陲，敗軍高奏凱歌回。</l>
  <l>半山夕照尚含輝。</l>
  <l>何處相逢？</l>
  <l>在荒原。</l>
  <l>共同去見麥克白。</l>
  <l>我來了，狸貓精。</l>
  <l>癩蛤蟆叫我了。</l>
  <l>來也。</l>
  <l>美即丑惡丑即美，翱翔毒霧妖云里。</l>
 </sp>
 <trailer>三女巫同下</trailer>
</prologue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name> and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="triplet">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage type="business">Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Stances en forme d'épilogue. </head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Alidor.</speaker>
  <lg type="stances">
   <l>Que par cette retraite elle me favorise !</l>
   <l>Alors que mes desseins cedent à mes amours,</l>
   <l> Et qu'ils ne sçauroient plus defendre ma franchise</l>
   <l> Sa haine, et ses refus viennent à leur secours.</l>
   <l> J'avois beau la trahir, une secrette amorce</l>
   <l> R'allumoit dans mon coeur l'amour par la pitié,</l>
   <l> Mes feux en recevoient une nouvelle force,</l>
   <l> Et tousjours leur ardeur en croissoit de moitié.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>收場詩</head>
 <stage type="business">飾國王者向觀眾致辭</stage>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>袍笏登場本是虛，</l>
   <l>王侯卿相總堪嗤，</l>
   <l>但能博得觀眾喜，</l>
   <l>便是功成圓滿時。</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="act" n="1">
  <head>Act One</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <stage>Pa Ubu, Ma Ubu</stage>
   <sp>
    <speaker>Pa Ubu</speaker>
    <p>Pschitt!</p>
   </sp>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <stage>A room in Pa Ubu's house, where a magnificent
       collation is set out</stage>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="act" n="2">
  <head>Act Two</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <head>Scene One</head>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <head>Scene Two</head>
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menae">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="penic">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#penic">
 <speaker>Peniculus</speaker>
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="hh">Henry Higgins</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#hh">
 <speaker>The Notetaker</speaker>
 <p> ... </p>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menaechmus">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="peniculus">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#peniculus">
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="nan">Nano</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="cas">Castrone</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage>Nano and Castrone sing</stage>
<sp who="#nan #cas">
 <l>Fools, they are the only nation</l>
 <l>Worth men's envy or admiration</l>
</sp>

7.2.3. Grouped Speeches

<spGrp type="number" n="3">
 <head>By Strauss : performed by Georges Guetary, Gene Kelly, and Oscar
   Levant</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>The waltzes of Mittel Europa </l>
   <l>They charm you and warm you within </l>
   <l>While each day discloses </l>
   <l>What Broadway composes </l>
   <l>Is emptiness pounding on tin.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp xml:lang="de">
  <speaker>JERRY MULLIGAN: ADAM COOK:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Mein Herr! </l>
   <l>Mein Herr!</l>
   <l>Bitte, bitte!</l>
   <l>Denke, danke!</l>
   <l>Aufwiedersehen! Aufwiedersehen!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>How can I be civil </l>
   <l>When hearing this drivel? </l>
   <l>It's only for night-clubbing souses. </l>
   <l>Oh give me the free 'n easy </l>
   <l>Waltz that is Viennes-y </l>
   <l>And go tell the band</l>
   <l>If they want a hand</l>
   <l>The waltz must be Strauss's</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>ALL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Ya ya ya </l>
   <l>Give me oom pah pah...</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<div1 n="1" type="act">
 <stage type="setting">
  <p>Scene. — A room furnished comfortably and
     tastefully but not extravagantly ...
     The floor is carpeted and a fire burns in the stove.
     It is winter.</p>
  <p>A bell rings in the hall; shortly afterwards the
     door is heard to open. Enter NORA humming a tune ...</p>
 </stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Nora</speaker>
  <p>Hide the Christmas Tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the
     children do not see it till this evening, when it is
     dressed. <stage type="delivery">To the PORTER taking
       out her purse</stage> How much?</p>
 </sp>
</div1>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="lm">Lady Macbeth</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="g1">First Gentleman</role>
 </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
</castList>
<sp who="#g1">
 <speaker>Gent.</speaker>
 <p>Neither to you, nor any one; having no witness
   to confirm my speech. <move who="#lm" type="enter" where="C"/>
   Lo you! here she comes. This is her very guise; and,
   upon my life, fast asleep.</p>
</sp>

<spGrp>

<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER:</speaker>
 <p> Herr Schultz! Can I believe what I see? <stage>(HERR SCHULTZ nods
     proudly)</stage> But this is — too much to accept. So rare — so costly —
   so luxurious. </p>
</sp>
<stage>(She sings)</stage>
<spGrp n="4">
 <sp>
  <l>If you bought me diamonds, If you bought me pearls,</l>
  <l>If you bought me roses like some other gents</l>
  <l>Might bring to other girls,</l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more</l>
  <l>Than the gift I see -</l>
  <stage>(She takes a large pineapple out of the bag)</stage>
  <l>A pineapple for me!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>SCHULTZ:</speaker>
  <stage>(Singing) </stage>
  <l>If, in your emotion, </l>
  <l>You began to sway, </l>
  <l>Went to get some air, </l>
  <l>Or grabbed a chair </l>
  <l>To keep from fainting dead away, </l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more </l>
  <l>Than to see you cling </l>
  <l>To the pineapple I bring.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>BOTH:</speaker>
  <l>Ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
 <stage>(They dance)</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER: </speaker>
 <p>But you must not bring me
   any more pineapples! Do you hear? It is not proper. It is a gift a
   young man would present to his lady love. It makes me blush!
 </p>
</sp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="N">You most
   notorious whelp, you insolent slave</l>
 <l part="Y">Dare you do this?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Yes faith, yes faith.</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Why! Who</l>
 <l part="Y">Am I, my mongrel? Who am I?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I'll tell you,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</sp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l>You most
   notorious whelp, you insolent slave</l>
 <l part="I">Dare you do this?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="M">Yes faith, yes faith.</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="F">Why! Who</l>
 <l part="I">Am I, my mongrel? Who am I?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="F">I'll tell you,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</sp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
  <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
  <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <lg part="I">
   <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
   <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
   <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <lg part="M">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <lg part="F">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with th' love of gain.
   You thry to pin on others th' dirty decorations that
   may be hangin' on your own coats.</p>
 <stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
   and Flagonson. Lilting)</stage>
 <lg type="song">
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Flagonson</speaker>
 <stage>(in anguished indignation).</stage>
 <p>This is more than a hurt to us: this hits at the
   decency of the whole nation!</p>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with ...</p>
</sp>
<stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
and Flagonson. Lilting):</stage>
<floatingText>
 <front>
  <titlePart>Kelly's Song</titlePart>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </body>
</floatingText>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in his semi-dance,
   as he goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>Goodbye to holy souls left here,</l>
  <l>Goodbye to man an' fairy;</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Widda Machree</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in her semi-dance,
   as she goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>Goodbye to all of Leicester Square,</l>
  <l>An' the long way to Tipperary.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<div1 n="4" type="act">
 <div2 n="5" type="scene">
  <stage>Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
  <stage type="setting">Enter Ophelia, distracted.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Where is the beauteous Majesty of Denmark?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <stage>Singing</stage>
   <lg next="#Tl2" xml:id="Tl1" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
    <l>From another one?</l>
    <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
    <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
   </lg>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
   <stage>Sings</stage>
   <lg prev="#Tl1" xml:id="Tl2" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
    <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
    <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
    <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
   </lg>
   <p>O, ho!</p>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

7.2.7. Simultaneous Action

<sp>
 <speaker>Mangan</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">wildly</stage>
 <p>Look here: I'm going to take off all my clothes.</p>
 <stage type="action">he begins tearing off his coat.</stage>
</sp>
<spGrp type="simultaneous" rend="braced">
 <sp>
  <speaker>Lady Utterword</speaker>
  <p>Mr Mangan!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Captain Shotover</speaker>
  <p>Whats that?</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Hector</speaker>
  <p>Ha! ha! Do. Do.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Ellie</speaker>
  <p>Please dont.</p>
 </sp>
 <stage type="delivery">in consternation</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mrs. Hushabye</speaker>
 <stage type="action">catching his arm and stopping him</stage>
 <p>Alfred: for shame! Are you mad?</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<view>Ext. TV control van—Early morning.
The <name>T.V. announcer</name> from the Ryan interview
stands near the Control Van, the lake in b.g.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>T.V. Announcer</speaker>
 <p>Several years ago, Jack Ryan was a highly
   successful hydroplane racer ...</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<sp>
 <speaker>TV Announcer VO</speaker>
 <p>Working with Ryan are his two coworkers—
   Strut Bowman, the mechanical engineer—
 <view>
   <camera>Angle on Strut</camera>
     standing in the tow boat, walkie-talkie in hand,
     watching Ryan carefully.</view>
   —and Roger Dalton, a rocket
   systems analyst, and one of the scientists
   from the Jet Propulsion Lab ...</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>Now to business.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford and Zaphod</speaker>
 <p>To business.</p>
</sp>
<sound>Glasses clink.</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>I beg your pardon?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford</speaker>
 <p>I'm sorry, I thought you were proposing a toast.</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film
of hansom cabs galloping past.</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.</p>
</sp>

<view>

<div type="plan">
 <view> Préfecture - bureau fonctionnaire - intérieur jour <camera>Plan américain</camera>
   d'un fonctionnaire assis derrière un bureau (il est vu de profil), consultant un fichier
   dans une boîte ouverte devant lui. Il sort une fiche et lève la tête. C'est un homme
   d'une quarantaine d'années, un aspect solide, concret, et un air relativement bon
   enfant. Dans son regard, pourtant, on voit passer par moments une lueur froide,
   inquiétante. </view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FONCTIONNAIRE</speaker>
  <p>Robert Klein, vous avez dit ?</p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<div type="shot">
 <view>香港鳳凰衛視台</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>旁白</speaker>
  <p>2008北京奧運的聖火稍後即將傳遞到香港九龍，我們有最新的現場實況直播於您。</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>香港九龍街道。四處是圍觀的群眾。記者站在聖火傳遞路線旁。</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>主持人</speaker>
  <p>大家好，我現在在香港的九龍。 </p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<div type="shot">
 <view>BBC World symbol</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Voice Over</speaker>
  <p>Monty Python's Flying Circus tonight comes to you live
     from the Grillomat Snack Bar, Paignton.</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>Interior of a nasty snack bar. Customers around, preferably
   real people. Linkman sitting at one of the plastic tables.</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Linkman</speaker>
  <p>Hello to you live from the Grillomat Snack Bar.
  </p>
 </sp>
</div>

<sound>

<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>Now to business.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford and Zaphod</speaker>
 <p>To business.</p>
</sp>
<sound discrete="true">Glasses clink.</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>I beg your pardon?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford</speaker>
 <p>I'm sorry, I thought you were proposing a toast.</p>
</sp>

<sound>

<sp>
 <speaker>班吉</speaker>
 <p>現在，說到我們的事業。</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>福特和薩豐</speaker>
 <p>敬我們的事業。</p>
</sp>
<sound discrete="true">玻璃杯敲擊聲</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>班吉</speaker>
 <p>抱歉，您說什麼？</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>福特</speaker>
 <p>不好意思，我以為你說乾杯。</p>
</sp>

<caption>

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film of hansom cabs
galloping past</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.
 </p>
</sp>

<caption>

<camera>鏡頭拉近，畫面上雙蓋馬車奔馳而去。</camera>
<caption>1895年，倫敦。</caption>
<caption>王爾德先生的家</caption>
<sound>開始合宜別緻的音樂。</sound>
<view>畫面融接到王爾德的畫室。一群人衣冠楚楚、 高談闊論，有人手拿香檳，有人開懷大笑。</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>威爾斯王子</speaker>
 <p>恭喜你，王爾德。你最近的戲劇是個大成功。</p>
</sp>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<sp>   <ab>     <lb n="545"/>Great praise and thanks be to Perfidy as she     <lb n="546"/>deserves, since by our swindles, tricks, and clever moves, relying      <lb n="547"/>on the daring of our shoulder blades and the excellence of our      <lb n="548"/>forearms who went against cattle-prods, hot iron-blades,      <lb n="549-550"/>crosses and shackles, neck-irons, chains, prisons, collars, fetters,      <lb n="551"/>and yokes, the fiercest painters fully acquainted with our backs      <lb n="552"/><secl>who have often before put scars on our shoulder blades</secl>     ...   </ab> </sp>            

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting"> A tempestuous noise of
     Thunder and Lightning heard:
     Enter a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall too't, yarely,
       or we run our selues a ground, bestirre, bestirre.
   <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare, yare:
       Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle: Blow
       till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

<sp>
 <speaker>Mikado</speaker>
 <l>My <seg xml:id="Mik-L1s">object all sublime</seg>
 </l>
 <l>I shall <seg xml:id="Mik-L2s">achieve in time</seg>—</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-L3">To let <seg xml:id="L3s">the punishment fit the crime</seg>,</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l4">
  <seg copyOf="#Mik-L3s"/>;</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l5">And make each pris'ner pent</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l6">Unwillingly represent</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l7">A source <seg xml:id="Mik-l7s">of innocent merriment</seg>,</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l8">
  <seg copyOf="#Mik-l7s"/>!</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Chorus</speaker>
 <l>His <seg copyOf="#Mik-L1s"/>
 </l>
 <l>He will <seg copyOf="#Mik-L2s"/>
 </l>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-L3"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l4"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l5"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l6"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l7"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l8"/>
</sp>

17.7. Aggregation

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go?
 <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog-L2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-L1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>...
  <l xml:id="frog-L3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog-L1 #frog-L2 #frog-L3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog_l1 #frog_l2 #frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="fr_frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#fr_frog_l1 #fr_frog_l2 #fr_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>休</speaker>
 <p>怎麼樣了？<q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_x1">呱、呱、呱</l>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l2">有新來的青蛙</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>路易</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l1">以前的池塘</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>迪威</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l3">有新的池塘</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#zh-tw_frog_l1 #zh-tw_frog_l2 #zh-tw_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<speaker>

<speaker> contains a specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment. [3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

Contained by

core: sp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

This element may be used to transcribe which character is speaking in a dramatic text as indicated by the source text; the who attribute of an sp element may be used to point to another element (typically a role) which provides information about the character speaking. Either or both may be used.

Example

<sp who="#ni #rsa">
 <speaker>Nancy and Robert</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">(speaking simultaneously)</stage>
 <p>The future? ...</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="ni"/>
 <item xml:id="rsa"/>
</list>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element speaker
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <speaker>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <speaker> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <speaker> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

7. Performance Texts

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.ascribed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Barnardo">Bernardo</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Francisco">Francisco</role>
 <roleDesc>a soldier</roleDesc>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#Barnardo">
 <speaker>Bernardo</speaker>
 <l n="1">Who's there?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#Francisco">
 <speaker>Francisco</speaker>
 <l n="2">Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself.</l>
</sp>

att.ascribed.directed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="emil">Emilius.</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="lov">Lovisa</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="serv">A servant</role>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#emil" toWhom="#lov">
 <speaker>Emil.</speaker>
 <l n="1">My love!</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#lov" toWhom="#emil">
 <speaker>Lov.</speaker>
 <l n="2">I have no Witness of my Noble Birth</l>
 <stage who="emil" toWhom="#serv">Pointing to her Woman.</stage>
 <l>But that poor helpless wretch——</l>
</sp>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<sp>
 <speaker>First Voice</speaker>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>But why drives on that ship so fast</l>
  <l>Withouten wave or wind?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Second Voice</speaker>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>The air is cut away before,</l>
  <l>And closes from behind.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div2 n="I.2" type="scene">
 <head>Scene 2.</head>
 <stage type="setting">Peachum, Filch.</stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Sir, Black Moll hath sent word her Trial comes on in
     the Afternoon, and she hopes you will order Matters
     so as to bring her off.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>PEACHUM.</speaker>
  <p>Why, she may plead her Belly at worst; to my
     Knowledge she hath taken care of that Security.
     But, as the Wench is very active and industrious,
     you may satisfy her that I'll soften the Evidence.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Tom Gagg, sir, is found guilty.</p>
 </sp>
</div2>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="Act">
 <head>ACT I</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="Scene">
  <head>SCENE I</head>
  <stage rend="italic">Enter Barnardo and Francisco,
     two Sentinels, at several doors</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="Y">Who's there?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="I">Long live the King!</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l part="M">Barnardo?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="F">He.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>You come most carefully upon your hour.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l>'Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>For this relief much thanks. 'Tis bitter cold,</l>
   <l part="I">And I am sick at heart.</l>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<stage>Enter two Centinels.
<add place="margin">Now call'd <name xml:id="barnardo">Bernardo</name> &amp;
 <name xml:id="francisco">Francesco</name>.</add>
</stage>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Stand: who is that?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Tis I.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l>O you come most carefully vpon your watch,</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l>And if you meete Marcellus and Horatio,</l>
 <l>The partners of my watch, bid them make haste.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I will: See who goes there.</l>
</sp>
<stage>Enter Horatio and Marcellus.</stage>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting">A tempestuous
     noise of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter
     a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall
       too't, yarely, or we run our selues a ground,
       bestirre, bestirre. <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare,
       yare: Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle:
       Blow till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<sp>
 <speaker>The reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mr Gryll</speaker>
 <p>Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>The Reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him.
   In the first place ...</p>
 <p>Fish, Miss Gryll — I could discourse to you on fish by the
   hour: but for the present I will forbear ...</p>
</sp>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<sp>
 <speaker>Lord Curryfin</speaker>
 <stage>(after a pause).</stage>
 <p>
  <q>Mass</q> as the second grave-digger says
   in <title>Hamlet</title>, <q>I cannot tell.</q>
 </p>
</sp>
<p>A chorus of laughter dissolved the sitting.</p>

<sp>

<sp>
 <speaker>The reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mr Gryll</speaker>
 <p>Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>The Reverend Doctor Opimian</speaker>
 <p>On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him. In the first place [...]</p>
 <p>Fish, Miss Gryll — I could discourse to you on fish by the hour: but for the present I
   will forbear [...]</p>
</sp>

<sp>

<sp>
 <speaker> Valère.</speaker>
 <p>Hé bien ! Sabine, quel conseil me donneras-tu ?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker> Sabine.</speaker>
 <p>Vraiment, il y a bien des nouvelles. Mon oncle veut résolûment que ma cousine épouse
   Villebrequin, et les affaires sont tellement avancées, que je crois qu'ils eussent été
   mariés dès aujourd'hui, si vous n'étiez aimé ... Le bonhomme ne manquera pas
   de faire loger ma cousine à ce pavillon qui est au bout de notre jardin, et par ce moyen
   vous pourriez l'entretenir à l'insu de notre vieillard, l'épouser, et le laisser pester
   tout son soûl avec Villebrequin.</p>
</sp>

<sp>

<sp>
 <speaker>祝英台</speaker>
 <p>我就是英台。三年前我想出外求學，故而改扮男裝，不期与梁兄相遇，三載同窗多蒙照顧，英台感激不盡。</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>梁山伯</speaker>
 <p>賢弟，哦，念書的時候，咱們是兄弟相稱，如今你這樣的打扮，我該稱你賢弟呢，還是…… </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>祝英台</speaker>
 <p>讀書時節我是女扮男裝，理該兄弟相稱，如今不妨改稱兄妹。</p>
</sp>

<speaker>

<sp who="#ni #rsa">
 <speaker>Nancy and Robert</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">(speaking simultaneously)</stage>
 <p>The future? ...</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="ni"/>
 <item xml:id="rsa"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p>Ne risquez rien du tout, Monique ; rentrez.</p>
</sp>
<sp who="mo">
 <speaker>Monique.</speaker>
 <p>Rentrer ? comment voulez-vous que je rentre ? J'ai les clés de la voiture.</p>
</sp>
<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p> Je rentrerai par mes propres moyens. </p>
</sp>
<sp who="mo">
 <speaker>Monique.</speaker>
 <p> Vous ? vos moyens ? quels moyens ? Seigneur ! Vous ne savez même pas conduire, vous ne
   savez pas reconnaître votre gauche de votre droite, vous auriez été incapable de
   retrouver ce fichu quartier tout seul, vous ne savez absolument rien faire tout seul. Je
   me demande bien comment vous pourriez rentrer. </p>
</sp>
<sp who="ko">
 <speaker>Koch.</speaker>
 <p>J'appellerai un taxi.</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="fr_mo"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_ko"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="#zh-tw_ni #zh-tw_rsa">
 <speaker>梁山伯與祝英台t</speaker>
 <stage type="演講或歌唱">（同時)</stage>
 <p>梁山伯與祝英台，生不成雙死不分，生不成雙死不分。</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_ni"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_rsa"/>
</list>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<sp>
 <speaker>Prospero</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I'll deliver all,</l>
 <l>And promise you calm seas, auspicious gales,</l>
 <l>Be free and fare thou well. <stage type="exit">Exit Ariel</stage>
   Please you, draw near. <stage type="exit">Exeunt all but Prospero</stage>
  <note place="margin">Epilogue</note>
 </l>
 <l>Now my charms are all o'erthrown,</l>
 <l>And what strength I have's mine own</l>
 <l>As you from crimes would pardoned be,</l>
 <l>Let your indulgence set me free.</l>
</sp>
<stage type="mix">He awaits applause, then exit.</stage>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <head>Prologue</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Le Prologue.</speaker>
  <p>Voilà. Ces personnages vont vous jouer l' histoire d' Antigone. Antigone, c' est la
     petite maigre qui est assise là-bas, et qui ne dit rien. Elle regarde droit devant
     elle. Elle pense. Elle pense qu' elle va être Antigone tout à l' heure, qu' elle va
     surgir soudain de la maigre jeune fille noiraude et renfermée que personne ne prenait
     au sérieux dans la famille et se dresser seule en face du monde, seule en face de
     Créon, son oncle, qui est le roi. Elle pense qu' elle va mourir, qu' elle est jeune et
     qu' elle aussi, elle aurait bien aimé vivre. Mais il n' y a rien à faire. Elle s'
     appelle Antigone et il va falloir qu' elle joue son rôle jusqu' au bout... </p>
 </sp>
</prologue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Stances en forme d'épilogue. </head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Alidor.</speaker>
  <lg type="stances">
   <l>Que par cette retraite elle me favorise !</l>
   <l>Alors que mes desseins cedent à mes amours,</l>
   <l> Et qu'ils ne sçauroient plus defendre ma franchise</l>
   <l> Sa haine, et ses refus viennent à leur secours.</l>
   <l> J'avois beau la trahir, une secrette amorce</l>
   <l> R'allumoit dans mon coeur l'amour par la pitié,</l>
   <l> Mes feux en recevoient une nouvelle force,</l>
   <l> Et tousjours leur ardeur en croissoit de moitié.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="act" n="1">
  <head>Act One</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <stage>Pa Ubu, Ma Ubu</stage>
   <sp>
    <speaker>Pa Ubu</speaker>
    <p>Pschitt!</p>
   </sp>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <stage>A room in Pa Ubu's house, where a magnificent
       collation is set out</stage>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="act" n="2">
  <head>Act Two</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <head>Scene One</head>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <head>Scene Two</head>
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menae">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="penic">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#penic">
 <speaker>Peniculus</speaker>
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="hh">Henry Higgins</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#hh">
 <speaker>The Notetaker</speaker>
 <p> ... </p>
</sp>

7.2.3. Grouped Speeches

<spGrp type="number" n="3">
 <head>By Strauss : performed by Georges Guetary, Gene Kelly, and Oscar
   Levant</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>The waltzes of Mittel Europa </l>
   <l>They charm you and warm you within </l>
   <l>While each day discloses </l>
   <l>What Broadway composes </l>
   <l>Is emptiness pounding on tin.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp xml:lang="de">
  <speaker>JERRY MULLIGAN: ADAM COOK:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Mein Herr! </l>
   <l>Mein Herr!</l>
   <l>Bitte, bitte!</l>
   <l>Denke, danke!</l>
   <l>Aufwiedersehen! Aufwiedersehen!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>How can I be civil </l>
   <l>When hearing this drivel? </l>
   <l>It's only for night-clubbing souses. </l>
   <l>Oh give me the free 'n easy </l>
   <l>Waltz that is Viennes-y </l>
   <l>And go tell the band</l>
   <l>If they want a hand</l>
   <l>The waltz must be Strauss's</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>ALL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Ya ya ya </l>
   <l>Give me oom pah pah...</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<div1 n="1" type="act">
 <stage type="setting">
  <p>Scene. — A room furnished comfortably and
     tastefully but not extravagantly ...
     The floor is carpeted and a fire burns in the stove.
     It is winter.</p>
  <p>A bell rings in the hall; shortly afterwards the
     door is heard to open. Enter NORA humming a tune ...</p>
 </stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Nora</speaker>
  <p>Hide the Christmas Tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the
     children do not see it till this evening, when it is
     dressed. <stage type="delivery">To the PORTER taking
       out her purse</stage> How much?</p>
 </sp>
</div1>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="lm">Lady Macbeth</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="g1">First Gentleman</role>
 </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
</castList>
<sp who="#g1">
 <speaker>Gent.</speaker>
 <p>Neither to you, nor any one; having no witness
   to confirm my speech. <move who="#lm" type="enter" where="C"/>
   Lo you! here she comes. This is her very guise; and,
   upon my life, fast asleep.</p>
</sp>

<spGrp>

<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER:</speaker>
 <p> Herr Schultz! Can I believe what I see? <stage>(HERR SCHULTZ nods
     proudly)</stage> But this is — too much to accept. So rare — so costly —
   so luxurious. </p>
</sp>
<stage>(She sings)</stage>
<spGrp n="4">
 <sp>
  <l>If you bought me diamonds, If you bought me pearls,</l>
  <l>If you bought me roses like some other gents</l>
  <l>Might bring to other girls,</l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more</l>
  <l>Than the gift I see -</l>
  <stage>(She takes a large pineapple out of the bag)</stage>
  <l>A pineapple for me!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>SCHULTZ:</speaker>
  <stage>(Singing) </stage>
  <l>If, in your emotion, </l>
  <l>You began to sway, </l>
  <l>Went to get some air, </l>
  <l>Or grabbed a chair </l>
  <l>To keep from fainting dead away, </l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more </l>
  <l>Than to see you cling </l>
  <l>To the pineapple I bring.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>BOTH:</speaker>
  <l>Ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
 <stage>(They dance)</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER: </speaker>
 <p>But you must not bring me
   any more pineapples! Do you hear? It is not proper. It is a gift a
   young man would present to his lady love. It makes me blush!
 </p>
</sp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="N">You most
   notorious whelp, you insolent slave</l>
 <l part="Y">Dare you do this?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Yes faith, yes faith.</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Why! Who</l>
 <l part="Y">Am I, my mongrel? Who am I?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I'll tell you,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</sp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l>You most
   notorious whelp, you insolent slave</l>
 <l part="I">Dare you do this?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="M">Yes faith, yes faith.</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Face</speaker>
 <l part="F">Why! Who</l>
 <l part="I">Am I, my mongrel? Who am I?</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Subtle</speaker>
 <l part="F">I'll tell you,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</sp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
  <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
  <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <lg part="I">
   <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
   <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
   <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <lg part="M">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <lg part="F">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with th' love of gain.
   You thry to pin on others th' dirty decorations that
   may be hangin' on your own coats.</p>
 <stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
   and Flagonson. Lilting)</stage>
 <lg type="song">
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Flagonson</speaker>
 <stage>(in anguished indignation).</stage>
 <p>This is more than a hurt to us: this hits at the
   decency of the whole nation!</p>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with ...</p>
</sp>
<stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
and Flagonson. Lilting):</stage>
<floatingText>
 <front>
  <titlePart>Kelly's Song</titlePart>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </body>
</floatingText>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in his semi-dance,
   as he goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>Goodbye to holy souls left here,</l>
  <l>Goodbye to man an' fairy;</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Widda Machree</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in her semi-dance,
   as she goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>Goodbye to all of Leicester Square,</l>
  <l>An' the long way to Tipperary.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<div1 n="4" type="act">
 <div2 n="5" type="scene">
  <stage>Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
  <stage type="setting">Enter Ophelia, distracted.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Where is the beauteous Majesty of Denmark?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <stage>Singing</stage>
   <lg next="#Tl2" xml:id="Tl1" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
    <l>From another one?</l>
    <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
    <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
   </lg>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
   <stage>Sings</stage>
   <lg prev="#Tl1" xml:id="Tl2" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
    <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
    <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
    <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
   </lg>
   <p>O, ho!</p>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

7.2.7. Simultaneous Action

<sp>
 <speaker>Mangan</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">wildly</stage>
 <p>Look here: I'm going to take off all my clothes.</p>
 <stage type="action">he begins tearing off his coat.</stage>
</sp>
<spGrp type="simultaneous" rend="braced">
 <sp>
  <speaker>Lady Utterword</speaker>
  <p>Mr Mangan!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Captain Shotover</speaker>
  <p>Whats that?</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Hector</speaker>
  <p>Ha! ha! Do. Do.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Ellie</speaker>
  <p>Please dont.</p>
 </sp>
 <stage type="delivery">in consternation</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mrs. Hushabye</speaker>
 <stage type="action">catching his arm and stopping him</stage>
 <p>Alfred: for shame! Are you mad?</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<view>Ext. TV control van—Early morning.
The <name>T.V. announcer</name> from the Ryan interview
stands near the Control Van, the lake in b.g.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>T.V. Announcer</speaker>
 <p>Several years ago, Jack Ryan was a highly
   successful hydroplane racer ...</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<sp>
 <speaker>TV Announcer VO</speaker>
 <p>Working with Ryan are his two coworkers—
   Strut Bowman, the mechanical engineer—
 <view>
   <camera>Angle on Strut</camera>
     standing in the tow boat, walkie-talkie in hand,
     watching Ryan carefully.</view>
   —and Roger Dalton, a rocket
   systems analyst, and one of the scientists
   from the Jet Propulsion Lab ...</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>Now to business.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford and Zaphod</speaker>
 <p>To business.</p>
</sp>
<sound>Glasses clink.</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>I beg your pardon?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford</speaker>
 <p>I'm sorry, I thought you were proposing a toast.</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film
of hansom cabs galloping past.</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.</p>
</sp>

<view>

<div type="plan">
 <view> Préfecture - bureau fonctionnaire - intérieur jour <camera>Plan américain</camera>
   d'un fonctionnaire assis derrière un bureau (il est vu de profil), consultant un fichier
   dans une boîte ouverte devant lui. Il sort une fiche et lève la tête. C'est un homme
   d'une quarantaine d'années, un aspect solide, concret, et un air relativement bon
   enfant. Dans son regard, pourtant, on voit passer par moments une lueur froide,
   inquiétante. </view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FONCTIONNAIRE</speaker>
  <p>Robert Klein, vous avez dit ?</p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<div type="shot">
 <view>香港鳳凰衛視台</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>旁白</speaker>
  <p>2008北京奧運的聖火稍後即將傳遞到香港九龍，我們有最新的現場實況直播於您。</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>香港九龍街道。四處是圍觀的群眾。記者站在聖火傳遞路線旁。</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>主持人</speaker>
  <p>大家好，我現在在香港的九龍。 </p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<div type="shot">
 <view>BBC World symbol</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Voice Over</speaker>
  <p>Monty Python's Flying Circus tonight comes to you live
     from the Grillomat Snack Bar, Paignton.</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>Interior of a nasty snack bar. Customers around, preferably
   real people. Linkman sitting at one of the plastic tables.</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Linkman</speaker>
  <p>Hello to you live from the Grillomat Snack Bar.
  </p>
 </sp>
</div>

<sound>

<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>Now to business.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford and Zaphod</speaker>
 <p>To business.</p>
</sp>
<sound discrete="true">Glasses clink.</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>I beg your pardon?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford</speaker>
 <p>I'm sorry, I thought you were proposing a toast.</p>
</sp>

<sound>

<sp>
 <speaker>班吉</speaker>
 <p>現在，說到我們的事業。</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>福特和薩豐</speaker>
 <p>敬我們的事業。</p>
</sp>
<sound discrete="true">玻璃杯敲擊聲</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>班吉</speaker>
 <p>抱歉，您說什麼？</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>福特</speaker>
 <p>不好意思，我以為你說乾杯。</p>
</sp>

<caption>

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film of hansom cabs
galloping past</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.
 </p>
</sp>

<caption>

<camera>鏡頭拉近，畫面上雙蓋馬車奔馳而去。</camera>
<caption>1895年，倫敦。</caption>
<caption>王爾德先生的家</caption>
<sound>開始合宜別緻的音樂。</sound>
<view>畫面融接到王爾德的畫室。一群人衣冠楚楚、 高談闊論，有人手拿香檳，有人開懷大笑。</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>威爾斯王子</speaker>
 <p>恭喜你，王爾德。你最近的戲劇是個大成功。</p>
</sp>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting"> A tempestuous noise of
     Thunder and Lightning heard:
     Enter a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall too't, yarely,
       or we run our selues a ground, bestirre, bestirre.
   <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare, yare:
       Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle: Blow
       till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

<sp>
 <speaker>Mikado</speaker>
 <l>My <seg xml:id="Mik-L1s">object all sublime</seg>
 </l>
 <l>I shall <seg xml:id="Mik-L2s">achieve in time</seg>—</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-L3">To let <seg xml:id="L3s">the punishment fit the crime</seg>,</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l4">
  <seg copyOf="#Mik-L3s"/>;</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l5">And make each pris'ner pent</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l6">Unwillingly represent</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l7">A source <seg xml:id="Mik-l7s">of innocent merriment</seg>,</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l8">
  <seg copyOf="#Mik-l7s"/>!</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Chorus</speaker>
 <l>His <seg copyOf="#Mik-L1s"/>
 </l>
 <l>He will <seg copyOf="#Mik-L2s"/>
 </l>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-L3"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l4"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l5"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l6"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l7"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l8"/>
</sp>

17.7. Aggregation

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go?
 <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog-L2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-L1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>...
  <l xml:id="frog-L3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog-L1 #frog-L2 #frog-L3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog_l1 #frog_l2 #frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="fr_frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#fr_frog_l1 #fr_frog_l2 #fr_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>休</speaker>
 <p>怎麼樣了？<q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_x1">呱、呱、呱</l>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l2">有新來的青蛙</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>路易</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l1">以前的池塘</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>迪威</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l3">有新的池塘</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#zh-tw_frog_l1 #zh-tw_frog_l2 #zh-tw_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<stage>

<stage> (stage direction) contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment. [3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama 3.13. Passages of Verse or Drama 7.2.4. Stage Directions]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

type type⚓︎
indicates the kind of stage direction.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
0–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Suggested values include:

setting

describes a setting.

entrance

describes an entrance.

exit

describes an exit.

business

describes stage business.

novelistic

is a narrative, motivating stage direction.

delivery

describes how a character speaks.

modifier

gives some detail about a character.

location

describes a location.

mixed

more than one of the above

Note

If the value mixed is used, it must be the only value. Multiple values may however be supplied if a single stage direction performs multiple functions, for example is both an entrance and a modifier.

Member of

model.stageLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l lg meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The who attribute may be used to indicate more precisely the person or persons participating in the action described by the stage direction.

Example

<stage type="setting">A curtain being drawn.</stage>
<stage type="setting">Music</stage>
<stage type="entrance">Enter Husband as being thrown off his horse and falls.</stage>
<!-- Middleton : Yorkshire Tragedy -->
<stage type="exit">Exit pursued by a bear.</stage>
<stage type="business">He quickly takes the stone out.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">To Lussurioso.</stage>
<stage type="novelistic">Having had enough, and embarrassed for the family.</stage>
<!-- Lorraine Hansbury : a raisin in in the sun -->
<stage type="modifier">Disguised as Ansaldo.</stage>
<stage type="entrance modifier">Enter Latrocinio disguised as an empiric</stage>
<!-- Middleton: The Widow -->
<stage type="location">At a window.</stage>
<stage rend="inline" type="delivery">Aside.</stage>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<l>Behold. <stage n="*" place="margin">Here the vp<lb/>per part of the <hi>Scene</hi> open'd; when
   straight appear'd a Heauen, and all the <hi>Pure Artes</hi> sitting on
   two semi<lb/>circular ben<lb/>ches, one a<lb/>boue another: who sate thus till the rest of the
 <hi>Prologue</hi> was spoken, which being ended, they descended in
   order within the <hi>Scene,</hi> whiles the Musicke plaid</stage> Our
Poet knowing our free hearts</l>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element stage
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      list
      {
         (
            "setting"
          | "entrance"
          | "exit"
          | "business"
          | "novelistic"
          | "delivery"
          | "modifier"
          | "location"
          | "mixed"
          | teidata.enumerated
         )*
      }
   }?,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <stage> (stage direction)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <stage> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <stage> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

7. Performance Texts

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.ascribed.directed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="emil">Emilius.</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="lov">Lovisa</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="serv">A servant</role>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#emil" toWhom="#lov">
 <speaker>Emil.</speaker>
 <l n="1">My love!</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#lov" toWhom="#emil">
 <speaker>Lov.</speaker>
 <l n="2">I have no Witness of my Noble Birth</l>
 <stage who="emil" toWhom="#serv">Pointing to her Woman.</stage>
 <l>But that poor helpless wretch——</l>
</sp>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse

<l>Thou fumblest <name>Eros</name>, and my Queenes a Squire</l>
<l>More tight at this, then thou: Dispatch. O Loue,</l>
<l>That thou couldst see my Warres to day, and knew'st</l>
<l>The Royall Occupation, thou should'st see</l>
<l part="I">A Workeman in't.</l>
<stage>Enter an Armed Soldier.</stage>
<l part="F">Good morrow to thee, welcome.</l>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div2 n="I.2" type="scene">
 <head>Scene 2.</head>
 <stage type="setting">Peachum, Filch.</stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Sir, Black Moll hath sent word her Trial comes on in
     the Afternoon, and she hopes you will order Matters
     so as to bring her off.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>PEACHUM.</speaker>
  <p>Why, she may plead her Belly at worst; to my
     Knowledge she hath taken care of that Security.
     But, as the Wench is very active and industrious,
     you may satisfy her that I'll soften the Evidence.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Tom Gagg, sir, is found guilty.</p>
 </sp>
</div2>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="Act">
 <head>ACT I</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="Scene">
  <head>SCENE I</head>
  <stage rend="italic">Enter Barnardo and Francisco,
     two Sentinels, at several doors</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="Y">Who's there?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="I">Long live the King!</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l part="M">Barnardo?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="F">He.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>You come most carefully upon your hour.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l>'Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>For this relief much thanks. 'Tis bitter cold,</l>
   <l part="I">And I am sick at heart.</l>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<stage>Enter two Centinels.
<add place="margin">Now call'd <name xml:id="barnardo">Bernardo</name> &amp;
 <name xml:id="francisco">Francesco</name>.</add>
</stage>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Stand: who is that?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">Tis I.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l>O you come most carefully vpon your watch,</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#barnardo">
 <speaker>2.</speaker>
 <l>And if you meete Marcellus and Horatio,</l>
 <l>The partners of my watch, bid them make haste.</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#francisco">
 <speaker>1.</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I will: See who goes there.</l>
</sp>
<stage>Enter Horatio and Marcellus.</stage>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting">A tempestuous
     noise of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter
     a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall
       too't, yarely, or we run our selues a ground,
       bestirre, bestirre. <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare,
       yare: Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle:
       Blow till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<sp>
 <speaker>Lord Curryfin</speaker>
 <stage>(after a pause).</stage>
 <p>
  <q>Mass</q> as the second grave-digger says
   in <title>Hamlet</title>, <q>I cannot tell.</q>
 </p>
</sp>
<p>A chorus of laughter dissolved the sitting.</p>

<speaker>

<sp who="#ni #rsa">
 <speaker>Nancy and Robert</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">(speaking simultaneously)</stage>
 <p>The future? ...</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="ni"/>
 <item xml:id="rsa"/>
</list>

<speaker>

<sp who="#zh-tw_ni #zh-tw_rsa">
 <speaker>梁山伯與祝英台t</speaker>
 <stage type="演講或歌唱">（同時)</stage>
 <p>梁山伯與祝英台，生不成雙死不分，生不成雙死不分。</p>
</sp>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_ni"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_rsa"/>
</list>

<stage>

<stage type="setting">A curtain being drawn.</stage>
<stage type="setting">Music</stage>
<stage type="entrance">Enter Husband as being thrown off his horse and falls.</stage>
<!-- Middleton : Yorkshire Tragedy -->
<stage type="exit">Exit pursued by a bear.</stage>
<stage type="business">He quickly takes the stone out.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">To Lussurioso.</stage>
<stage type="novelistic">Having had enough, and embarrassed for the family.</stage>
<!-- Lorraine Hansbury : a raisin in in the sun -->
<stage type="modifier">Disguised as Ansaldo.</stage>
<stage type="entrance modifier">Enter Latrocinio disguised as an empiric</stage>
<!-- Middleton: The Widow -->
<stage type="location">At a window.</stage>
<stage rend="inline" type="delivery">Aside.</stage>

<stage>

<l>Behold. <stage n="*" place="margin">Here the vp<lb/>per part of the <hi>Scene</hi> open'd; when
   straight appear'd a Heauen, and all the <hi>Pure Artes</hi> sitting on
   two semi<lb/>circular ben<lb/>ches, one a<lb/>boue another: who sate thus till the rest of the
 <hi>Prologue</hi> was spoken, which being ended, they descended in
   order within the <hi>Scene,</hi> whiles the Musicke plaid</stage> Our
Poet knowing our free hearts</l>

<stage>

<stage type="setting">La scène est dans une place de ville.</stage>
<stage type="exit">, s'en allant.</stage>
<stage type="business">(Arnolphe ôte par trois fois le chapeau de dessus la tête d'Alain.)</stage>
<stage type="delivery">, à <name>Georgette</name>.</stage>
<stage type="setting">(Tous étant rentrés.)</stage>
<stage type="delivery">, riant.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">, lui montrant le logis d'<name>AGNÈS</name>.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">, à part.</stage>
<stage type="business">(Frappant à la porte.)</stage>
<stage type="delivery">, assis.</stage>
<stage type="business">(Il se lève.)</stage>

<stage>

<stage type="setting">電梯開門</stage>
<stage type="setting">指揮聲</stage>
<stage type="entrance">小陳和小王騎車回來</stage>
<stage type="exit">搬家工人把家具搬進電梯</stage>
<stage type="business">小玉清點家具數量</stage>
<stage type="delivery">將簽收單交給搬家工人</stage>
<stage type="novelistic">家具佔去出入口，小玉顯得有些不好意思。</stage>
<stage type="modifier">小陳眼睛為之一亮</stage>
<stage type="location">電梯口</stage>
<stage rend="inline" type="delivery">悄悄話</stage>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name>
   and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage>Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<sp>
 <speaker>Prospero</speaker>
 <l part="Y">I'll deliver all,</l>
 <l>And promise you calm seas, auspicious gales,</l>
 <l>Be free and fare thou well. <stage type="exit">Exit Ariel</stage>
   Please you, draw near. <stage type="exit">Exeunt all but Prospero</stage>
  <note place="margin">Epilogue</note>
 </l>
 <l>Now my charms are all o'erthrown,</l>
 <l>And what strength I have's mine own</l>
 <l>As you from crimes would pardoned be,</l>
 <l>Let your indulgence set me free.</l>
</sp>
<stage type="mix">He awaits applause, then exit.</stage>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name> and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="triplet">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage type="business">Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>收場詩</head>
 <stage type="business">飾國王者向觀眾致辭</stage>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>袍笏登場本是虛，</l>
   <l>王侯卿相總堪嗤，</l>
   <l>但能博得觀眾喜，</l>
   <l>便是功成圓滿時。</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">The action takes place in and around the home surgery of
Dr Bero, lately returned from the wars.</stage>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊延輝</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>少年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>李少春</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>周信芳</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>譚富英</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>老年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>馬連良</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>鐵鏡公主</role>
  <roleDesc>遼國公主，嫁楊延輝為妻</roleDesc>
  <actor>梅蘭芳</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊家兄弟</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊延昭</role>
   <actor>馬盛龍</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊宗保</role>
   <actor>姜妙香</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>蕭太后</role>
  <roleDesc>遼景宗耶律賢的皇后</roleDesc>
  <actor>芙蓉草</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>四夫人</role>
  <actor>高玉倩</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>佘太君</role>
  <roleDesc>楊延輝的母親</roleDesc>
  <actor>馬富祿</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">場景交換於遼國廷內與飛虎峽宋營之間。</stage>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="act" n="1">
  <head>Act One</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <stage>Pa Ubu, Ma Ubu</stage>
   <sp>
    <speaker>Pa Ubu</speaker>
    <p>Pschitt!</p>
   </sp>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <stage>A room in Pa Ubu's house, where a magnificent
       collation is set out</stage>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="act" n="2">
  <head>Act Two</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <head>Scene One</head>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <head>Scene Two</head>
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="nan">Nano</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="cas">Castrone</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage>Nano and Castrone sing</stage>
<sp who="#nan #cas">
 <l>Fools, they are the only nation</l>
 <l>Worth men's envy or admiration</l>
</sp>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<stage type="setting">The throne descends.</stage>
<stage type="setting">Music</stage>
<stage type="entrance">Enter Husband as being thrown off his horse.</stage>
<stage type="exit">Exit pursued by a bear.</stage>
<stage type="business">He quickly takes the stone out.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">To Lussurioso.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">Aside.</stage>
<stage type="delivery">Not knowing what to say.</stage>
<stage type="costume">Disguised as Ansaldo.</stage>
<stage type="location">At a window.</stage>
<stage type="novelistic">Having had enough, and embarrassed
for the family.</stage>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<div1 n="1" type="act">
 <stage type="setting">
  <p>Scene. — A room furnished comfortably and
     tastefully but not extravagantly ...
     The floor is carpeted and a fire burns in the stove.
     It is winter.</p>
  <p>A bell rings in the hall; shortly afterwards the
     door is heard to open. Enter NORA humming a tune ...</p>
 </stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Nora</speaker>
  <p>Hide the Christmas Tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the
     children do not see it till this evening, when it is
     dressed. <stage type="delivery">To the PORTER taking
       out her purse</stage> How much?</p>
 </sp>
</div1>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="bella">Bellafront</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bella" type="enter"/>
Enter Bellafront mad.
</stage>

<spGrp>

<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER:</speaker>
 <p> Herr Schultz! Can I believe what I see? <stage>(HERR SCHULTZ nods
     proudly)</stage> But this is — too much to accept. So rare — so costly —
   so luxurious. </p>
</sp>
<stage>(She sings)</stage>
<spGrp n="4">
 <sp>
  <l>If you bought me diamonds, If you bought me pearls,</l>
  <l>If you bought me roses like some other gents</l>
  <l>Might bring to other girls,</l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more</l>
  <l>Than the gift I see -</l>
  <stage>(She takes a large pineapple out of the bag)</stage>
  <l>A pineapple for me!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>SCHULTZ:</speaker>
  <stage>(Singing) </stage>
  <l>If, in your emotion, </l>
  <l>You began to sway, </l>
  <l>Went to get some air, </l>
  <l>Or grabbed a chair </l>
  <l>To keep from fainting dead away, </l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more </l>
  <l>Than to see you cling </l>
  <l>To the pineapple I bring.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>BOTH:</speaker>
  <l>Ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
 <stage>(They dance)</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER: </speaker>
 <p>But you must not bring me
   any more pineapples! Do you hear? It is not proper. It is a gift a
   young man would present to his lady love. It makes me blush!
 </p>
</sp>

<move>

<performance xml:id="perf1">
 <p>First performance</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="bellaf">Bellafront</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bellaf" type="enter" where="L"
  perf="#perf1"/> Enter
Bellafront mad.
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="fr_perf1">
 <p>Première apparition</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="fr_clar">Clarence</role>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#fr_clar" type="enter"
  perf="#perf1"/>(Entre Clarence,
entouré de gardes).
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="zh-tw_perf1">
 <p>第一場戲</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="zh-tw_bellaf">楊四郎</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- 其他角色 -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#zh-tw_bellaf" type="enter"
  where="L" perf="#perf1"/>
進場：楊四郎，鬱悶思鄉。
</stage>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with th' love of gain.
   You thry to pin on others th' dirty decorations that
   may be hangin' on your own coats.</p>
 <stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
   and Flagonson. Lilting)</stage>
 <lg type="song">
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Flagonson</speaker>
 <stage>(in anguished indignation).</stage>
 <p>This is more than a hurt to us: this hits at the
   decency of the whole nation!</p>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with ...</p>
</sp>
<stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
and Flagonson. Lilting):</stage>
<floatingText>
 <front>
  <titlePart>Kelly's Song</titlePart>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </body>
</floatingText>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in his semi-dance,
   as he goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="I">
  <l>Goodbye to holy souls left here,</l>
  <l>Goodbye to man an' fairy;</l>
 </lg>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Widda Machree</speaker>
 <stage>(wheeling quietly in her semi-dance,
   as she goes out):</stage>
 <lg type="stanza" part="F">
  <l>Goodbye to all of Leicester Square,</l>
  <l>An' the long way to Tipperary.</l>
 </lg>
</sp>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<div1 n="4" type="act">
 <div2 n="5" type="scene">
  <stage>Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
  <stage type="setting">Enter Ophelia, distracted.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Where is the beauteous Majesty of Denmark?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <stage>Singing</stage>
   <lg next="#Tl2" xml:id="Tl1" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
    <l>From another one?</l>
    <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
    <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
   </lg>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
   <stage>Sings</stage>
   <lg prev="#Tl1" xml:id="Tl2" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
    <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
    <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
    <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
   </lg>
   <p>O, ho!</p>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

7.2.7. Simultaneous Action

<sp>
 <speaker>Mangan</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">wildly</stage>
 <p>Look here: I'm going to take off all my clothes.</p>
 <stage type="action">he begins tearing off his coat.</stage>
</sp>
<spGrp type="simultaneous" rend="braced">
 <sp>
  <speaker>Lady Utterword</speaker>
  <p>Mr Mangan!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Captain Shotover</speaker>
  <p>Whats that?</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Hector</speaker>
  <p>Ha! ha! Do. Do.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Ellie</speaker>
  <p>Please dont.</p>
 </sp>
 <stage type="delivery">in consternation</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mrs. Hushabye</speaker>
 <stage type="action">catching his arm and stopping him</stage>
 <p>Alfred: for shame! Are you mad?</p>
</sp>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting"> A tempestuous noise of
     Thunder and Lightning heard:
     Enter a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall too't, yarely,
       or we run our selues a ground, bestirre, bestirre.
   <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare, yare:
       Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle: Blow
       till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<TEI>

<TEI> (TEI document) contains a single TEI-conformant document, combining a single TEI header with one or more members of the model.resource class. Multiple TEI elements may be combined within a TEI (or teiCorpus) element. [4. Default Text Structure 16.1. Varieties of Composite Text]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

version version⚓︎
specifies the version number of the TEI Guidelines against which this document is valid.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.version

Note

Major editions of the Guidelines have long been informally referred to by a name made up of the letter P (for Proposal) followed by a digit. The current release is one of the many releases of the fifth major edition of the Guidelines, known as P5. This attribute may be used to associate a TEI document with a specific release of the P5 Guidelines, in the absence of a more precise association provided by the source attribute on the associated schemaSpec.

Member of

model.describedResource

Contained by

core: teiCorpus

textstructure: TEI

May contain

header: teiHeader

iso-fs: fsdDecl

linking: standOff

textstructure: TEI text

transcr: facsimile sourceDoc

Note

As with all elements in the TEI scheme (except egXML) this element is in the TEI namespace (see Namespaces). Thus, when it is used as the outermost element of a TEI document, it is necessary to specify the TEI namespace on it. This is customarily achieved by including http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 as the value of the XML namespace declaration (xmlns), without indicating a prefix, and then not using a prefix on TEI elements in the rest of the document. For example: <TEI version="4.8.1" xml:lang="it" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">.

Example

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="teiHeader"/>
  <alternate>
   <sequence>
    <classRef key="model.resource"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="TEI" minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <elementRef key="TEI" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element TEI
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute version { teidata.version }?,
   ( teiHeader, ( ( model.resource+, TEI* ) | TEI+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <TEI> (TEI document)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <TEI> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <TEI> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="fr">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="fr">
  <body>
   <div>
<!-- chapter one is in French -->
   </div>
   <div xml:lang="de">
<!-- chapter two is in German -->
   </div>
   <div>
<!-- chapter three is French -->
   </div>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

2. The TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="fr">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- corpus-level metadata here -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata specific to this text here -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata specific to this text here -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>Le document TEI le plus court possible.</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>D'abord publié comme faisant partie de la TEI P2.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>Aucune source : il s'agit d'un document original.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>A peu pres, le document TEI le plus court envisageable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>TEI中文指引</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>將與TEI 中文在地化計劃等文件一同出版</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>譯自TEI P5 英文指引</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>這是TEI P5的中文指引...</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- header for corpus -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- header for first text -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- content of first text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- header for second text -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- content of second text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more TEI elements here -->
</teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du corpus]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du premier texte]-->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!--[premier texte du corpus]-->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du deuxième texte]-->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!--[deuxième texte du corpus]-->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- 該文集的總header -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- 第一個文章的header -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- 第一個文章的內容 -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- 第二個文章的header -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- 第二個文章的內容 -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- 其他TEI元素 -->
</teiCorpus>

<text>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annex du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annex du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </front>
  <body>
<!-- body of copy text goes here -->
  </body>
  <back>
<!-- back matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for composite text -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!-- front matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </front>
    <body>
<!-- body of first unitary text -->
    </body>
    <back>
<!-- back matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <body>
<!-- body of second unitary text -->
    </body>
   </text>
  </group>
  <back>
<!-- back matter for composite text, if any -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<group>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annexe du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.4.1. Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<!-- a corpus, collection or dataset of CMC documents -->
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the corpus or CMC dataset-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
<!-- a CMC document such as a chat log or a discussion page -->
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the CMC document -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
   <body>
    <div>
<!-- subdivisions of the CMC document e.g. in sections or threads if applicable-->
     <post>
<!-- one post -->
     </post>
<!-- more posts -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more documents -->
</teiCorpus>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--...-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <pb facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- text contained on page 1 is encoded here -->
  <pb facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- text contained on page 2 is encoded here -->
 </text>
</TEI>

16. Language Corpora

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for entire corpus -->
 </teiHeader>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for news sub-corpus -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #3 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #3 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #4 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #4 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial sub-corpus -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of editorial #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of editorial #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for reviews -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for review #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of review #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for review #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of review #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
</teiCorpus>

16.3.1. Combining Corpus and Text Headers

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- corpus file description-->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- default encoding description -->
  </encodingDesc>
  <revisionDesc>
<!-- corpus revision description -->
  </revisionDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- first corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
   <encodingDesc>
<!-- encoding description for this corpus text, over-riding the default -->
   </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- second corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for third corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- third corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- example -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsDecl type="gpsg">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
    <fsDecl type="lex">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lex">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- doc2 -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsdLink type="gpsg"
     target="example.xml#GPSG"/>
    <fsdLink type="lexx"
     target="example.xml#LEX"/>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lexx">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

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C Elements

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus> (TEI corpus) contains the whole of a TEI encoded corpus, comprising a single corpus header and one or more TEI elements, each containing a single text header and a text. [4. Default Text Structure 16.1. Varieties of Composite Text]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

version version⚓︎
(version) specifies the version number of the TEI Guidelines against which this document is valid.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.version

Note

Major editions of the Guidelines have long been informally referred to by a name made up of the letter P (for Proposal) followed by a digit. The current release is one of the many releases of the fifth major edition of the Guidelines, known as P5. This attribute may be used to associate a TEI document with a specific release of the P5 Guidelines, in the absence of a more precise association provided by the source attribute on the associated schemaSpec.

Member of

model.describedResource

Contained by

core: teiCorpus

May contain

core: teiCorpus

header: teiHeader

iso-fs: fsdDecl

linking: standOff

textstructure: TEI text

transcr: facsimile sourceDoc

Note

Should contain one teiHeader for the corpus, and a series of TEI elements, one for each text.

As with all elements in the TEI scheme (except egXML) this element is in the TEI namespace (see Namespaces). Thus, when it is used as the outermost element of a TEI document, it is necessary to specify the TEI namespace on it. This is customarily achieved by including http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 as the value of the XML namespace declaration (xmlns), without indicating a prefix, and then not using a prefix on TEI elements in the rest of the document. For example: <teiCorpus version="4.8.1" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">.

Example

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- header for corpus -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- header for first text -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- content of first text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- header for second text -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- content of second text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more TEI elements here -->
</teiCorpus>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="teiHeader"/>
  <classRef key="model.resource"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.describedResource"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element teiCorpus
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute version { teidata.version }?,
   ( teiHeader, model.resource*, model.describedResource+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <teiCorpus> (TEI corpus)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <teiCorpus> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <teiCorpus> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- corpus-level metadata here -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata specific to this text here -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata specific to this text here -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

4. Default Text Structure

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- header for corpus -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- header for first text -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- content of first text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- header for second text -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- content of second text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more TEI elements here -->
</teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du corpus]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du premier texte]-->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!--[premier texte du corpus]-->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du deuxième texte]-->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!--[deuxième texte du corpus]-->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- 該文集的總header -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- 第一個文章的header -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- 第一個文章的內容 -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- 第二個文章的header -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- 第二個文章的內容 -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- 其他TEI元素 -->
</teiCorpus>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.4.1. Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<!-- a corpus, collection or dataset of CMC documents -->
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the corpus or CMC dataset-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
<!-- a CMC document such as a chat log or a discussion page -->
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the CMC document -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
   <body>
    <div>
<!-- subdivisions of the CMC document e.g. in sections or threads if applicable-->
     <post>
<!-- one post -->
     </post>
<!-- more posts -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more documents -->
</teiCorpus>

16. Language Corpora

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for entire corpus -->
 </teiHeader>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for news sub-corpus -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #3 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #3 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #4 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #4 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial sub-corpus -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of editorial #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of editorial #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for reviews -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for review #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of review #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for review #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of review #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
</teiCorpus>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<text>

<text> (text) contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, for example a poem or drama, a collection of essays, a novel, a dictionary, or a corpus sample. [4. Default Text Structure 16.1. Varieties of Composite Text]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.resource

Contained by

core: teiCorpus

textstructure: TEI group

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb ellipsis gap gb index lb milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: back body front group

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

This element should not be used to represent a text which is inserted at an arbitrary point within the structure of another, for example as in an embedded or quoted narrative; the floatingText is provided for this purpose.

Example

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Autumn Haze</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Is it a dragonfly or a maple leaf</l>
  <l>That settles softly down upon the water?</l>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

The body of a text may be replaced by a group of nested texts, as in the following schematic:

<text>
 <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first text -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second text -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.global"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <elementRef key="front"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="body"/>
   <elementRef key="group"/>
  </alternate>
  <classRef key="model.global"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <elementRef key="back"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element text
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   (
      model.global*,
      ( ( front, model.global* )? ),
      ( body | group ),
      model.global*,
      ( ( back, model.global* )? )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <text> (text)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <text> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <text> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

6. Verse

7. Performance Texts

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

23. Documentation Elements

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="fr">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="fr">
  <body>
   <div>
<!-- chapter one is in French -->
   </div>
   <div xml:lang="de">
<!-- chapter two is in German -->
   </div>
   <div>
<!-- chapter three is French -->
   </div>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<tagsDecl>
<!-- define italic style using CSS, selecting it as default for emph and hi elements -->
 <rendition xml:id="IT" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi">font-style: italic;</rendition>
<!-- define a serif font family, selecting it as default for the text element -->
 <rendition xml:id="FontRoman" scheme="css"
  selector="text">font-family: serif;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
   <p rendition="#IT">
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is in italic-->
   </p>
   <p>
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is not in italic -->
   </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

2. The TEI Header

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="fr">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </text>
</TEI>

2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- corpus-level metadata here -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata specific to this text here -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata specific to this text here -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.2.1. Referencing system derived from markup

<text xml:id="Text-1" n="AB">
 <front xml:id="Front" n="AB.1">
  <div xml:id="Front.div-1" n="AB.1.1">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
  <titlePage xml:id="Front.titlePage"
   n="AB.1.2">
   <titlePart> ... </titlePart>
  </titlePage>
  <div xml:id="Front.div-2" n="AB.1.3">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <body xml:id="Body" n="AB.2">
  <p xml:id="Body.p-1" n="AB.2.1"> ... </p>
  <p xml:id="Body.p-2" n="AB.2.2"> ... </p>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-1" n="AB.2.3">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-1.head"
    n="AB.2.3.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-1" n="AB.2.3.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-2" n="AB.2.3.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-2" n="AB.2.4">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-2.head"
    n="AB.2.4.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-1" n="AB.2.4.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-2" n="AB.2.4.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <milestone unit="part" n="1"/>
  <div1 n="1" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="3" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="part" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="1" type="part">
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="1"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="3"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="part">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="4"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>Le document TEI le plus court possible.</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>D'abord publié comme faisant partie de la TEI P2.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>Aucune source : il s'agit d'un document original.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>A peu pres, le document TEI le plus court envisageable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>TEI中文指引</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>將與TEI 中文在地化計劃等文件一同出版</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>譯自TEI P5 英文指引</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>這是TEI P5的中文指引...</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- header for corpus -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- header for first text -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- content of first text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- header for second text -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- content of second text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more TEI elements here -->
</teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du corpus]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du premier texte]-->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!--[premier texte du corpus]-->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!--[en-tête du deuxième texte]-->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!--[deuxième texte du corpus]-->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- 該文集的總header -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- 第一個文章的header -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- 第一個文章的內容 -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- 第二個文章的header -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- 第二個文章的內容 -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- 其他TEI元素 -->
</teiCorpus>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Autumn Haze</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Is it a dragonfly or a maple leaf</l>
  <l>That settles softly down upon the water?</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Souvenir de la nuit du 4</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Il avait dans sa poche une toupie en buis.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annex du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annex du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>憶江南</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>江南好，</l>
  <l>風景舊曾諳。</l>
  <l>日出江花紅胜火，</l>
  <l>春來江水綠如藍，</l>
  <l>能不憶江南。</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first text -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second text -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
<!-- Vorspann für die gesamte Gruppierung -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- erster Text -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- zweiter Text -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </front>
  <body>
<!-- body of copy text goes here -->
  </body>
  <back>
<!-- back matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for composite text -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!-- front matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </front>
    <body>
<!-- body of first unitary text -->
    </body>
    <back>
<!-- back matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <body>
<!-- body of second unitary text -->
    </body>
   </text>
  </group>
  <back>
<!-- back matter for composite text, if any -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<group>

<text>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
 <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first poem -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second poem -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of Pope section-->

<group>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annexe du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
<!-- the whole anthology -->
 <front>
<!-- title page, acknowledgments, introductory essay -->
 </front>
 <group>
<!-- body of anthology starts here -->
  <group>
   <head>The Beginnings</head>
<!-- sequence of texts or groups -->
  </group>
  <group>
<!-- The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour -->
   <text>
<!-- prefatory essay by editor -->
   </text>
   <group>
<!-- Section on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first letter -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second letter -->
    </text>
<!-- ... -->
   </group>
<!-- end of Montagu section -->
   <text>
<!-- single text by Jonathan Swift starts -->
    <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </front>
    <body/>
   </text>
<!-- end of Swift section -->
   <group>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first poem -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second poem -->
    </text>
   </group>
<!-- end of Pope section -->
<!-- ... -->
  </group>
<!-- end of 18th century section -->
  <group>
   <head>The Heyday</head>
<!-- texts and subgroups -->
  </group>
<!-- ... -->
 </group>
<!-- end of the anthology proper -->
 <back>
<!-- back matter for anthology -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
 <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first poem -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second poem -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of Pope section-->

6. Verse

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <head>1755</head>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <body>
  <head>My Alba</head>
  <lg>
   <l>Now that I've wasted</l>
   <l>five years in Manhattan</l>
   <l>life decaying</l>
   <l>talent a blank</l>
  </lg>
  <lg>
   <l>talking disconnected</l>
   <l>patient and mental</l>
   <l>sliderule and number</l>
   <l>machine on a desk</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <body>
  <lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>My Mistres eyes are nothing like the Sunne,</l>
    <l>Currall is farre more red, then her lips red</l>
    <l>If snow be white, why then her brests are dun:</l>
    <l>If haires be wiers, black wiers grown on her head:</l>
   </lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>I have seene Roses damaskt, red and white,</l>
    <l>But no such Roses see I in her cheekes,</l>
    <l>And in some perfumes is there more delight,</l>
    <l>Then in the breath that from my Mistres reekes.</l>
   </lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>I love to heare her speake, yet well I know,</l>
    <l>That Musicke hath a farre more pleasing sound:</l>
    <l>I graunt I never saw a goddesse goe,</l>
    <l>My Mistres when shee walkes treads on the ground.</l>
   </lg>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>And yet by heaven I think my love as rare,</l>
   <l>As any she beli'd with false compare.</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.4.1. Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<!-- a corpus, collection or dataset of CMC documents -->
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the corpus or CMC dataset-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
<!-- a CMC document such as a chat log or a discussion page -->
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the CMC document -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
   <body>
    <div>
<!-- subdivisions of the CMC document e.g. in sections or threads if applicable-->
     <post>
<!-- one post -->
     </post>
<!-- more posts -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more documents -->
</teiCorpus>

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<text>
 <body>
  <u xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a191"
   who="#tingrabu"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts373" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts430">ok
     hm for me this presentation was hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> become too fast because it's
     always the same in our architecture school euh we have not time and hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> too quickly sorry [...]</u>
  <kinesic xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a192"
   who="#romeorez"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts376" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts377"
   type="body" subtype="kinesics">
   <desc>
    <code>eat(popcorn)</code>
   </desc>
  </kinesic>
<!-- more bodily activities of avatars -->
  <post modality="written"
   generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a195"
   who="#tfrez2"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts380" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts381"
   type="chat-message">
   <p>it went too quickly?</p>
  </post>
 </body>
</text>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--...-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <pb facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- text contained on page 1 is encoded here -->
  <pb facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- text contained on page 2 is encoded here -->
 </text>
</TEI>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface start="#PB49R">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
<!-- ... -->
   <pb xml:id="PB49R"/>
   <fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<!-- ... -->
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<text>
 <body>
  <div n="WBP" type="prologue">
   <head>The Prologe of the Wyves Tale of Bathe</head>
   <l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
   <l>Were in this world ...</l>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

16. Language Corpora

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI>
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</teiCorpus>

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- ... -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

16.1. Varieties of Composite Text

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for entire corpus -->
 </teiHeader>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for news sub-corpus -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #3 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #3 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for article #4 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of article #4 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial sub-corpus -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of editorial #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for editorial #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of editorial #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
 <teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for reviews -->
  </teiHeader>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for review #1 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of review #1 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
  <TEI>
   <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata for review #2 -->
   </teiHeader>
   <text>
<!-- transcription of review #2 -->
   </text>
  </TEI>
 </teiCorpus>
</teiCorpus>

16.3.1. Combining Corpus and Text Headers

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- corpus file description-->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- default encoding description -->
  </encodingDesc>
  <revisionDesc>
<!-- corpus revision description -->
  </revisionDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- first corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for this corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
   <encodingDesc>
<!-- encoding description for this corpus text, over-riding the default -->
   </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- second corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
   <fileDesc>
<!-- file description for third corpus text -->
   </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
<!-- third corpus text -->
  </text>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="D1"/>
  <div1 n="D2" decls="#CorPol2"/>
  <div1 n="D3"/>
 </body>
</text>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.7. Aggregation

<text xml:id="zuitxt">
 <body>
  <p>
   <name xml:id="zuigan">Zui-Gan</name> called out to himself every day,
  <q next="#zuiq2" xml:id="zuiq1"
    who="#zuigan">
    <name xml:id="master">Master</name>.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Then he answered himself,
  <q next="#zuiq4" xml:id="zuiq2"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>And then he added,
  <q next="#zuiq5" xml:id="zuiq3"
    who="#master">Become sober.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Again he answered,
  <q next="#zuiq7" xml:id="zuiq4"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q next="#zuiq6" xml:id="zuiq5"
    who="#master">And after that,</q>
     he continued,
  <q xml:id="zuiq6" who="#master">do not be deceived by others.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q xml:id="zuiq7" who="#zuigan">Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q>
     he replied.</p>
 </body>
</text>

17.7. Aggregation

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

17.9.3. Stand-off Markup in TEI

<text>
 <body>
  <head>1755</head>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

att.global.linking

<group>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t1" xml:lang="mi">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>He Whakamaramatanga mo te Ture Hoko, Riihi hoki, i nga Whenua Maori, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t2" xml:lang="en">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t2-body1"
   corresp="#t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>An Act to regulate the Sale, Letting, and Disposal of Native Lands, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</group>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- example -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsDecl type="gpsg">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
    <fsDecl type="lex">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lex">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- doc2 -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsdLink type="gpsg"
     target="example.xml#GPSG"/>
    <fsdLink type="lexx"
     target="example.xml#LEX"/>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lexx">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

23. Documentation Elements

<egXML>

<egXML valid="feasible" source="#UND" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
<!-- first text -->
   </text>
   <text>
<!-- second text -->
   </text>
  </group>
</text>
<!-- This example is not valid TEI, but could be made so by adding missing components -->
</egXML>

<text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
<!-- first text -->
   </text>
   <text>
<!-- second text -->
   </text>
  </group>
</text>
<!-- This example is not valid TEI, but could be made so by adding missing components -->

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<body>

<body> (text body) contains the whole body of a single unitary text, excluding any front or back matter. [4. Default Text Structure]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

Contained by

textstructure: floatingText text

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc divGen ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition schemaSpec specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div div1 docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<body>
 <l>Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard</l>
 <l>metudæs maecti end his modgidanc</l>
 <l>uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes</l>
 <l>eci dryctin or astelidæ</l>
 <l>he aerist scop aelda barnum</l>
 <l>heben til hrofe haleg scepen.</l>
 <l>tha middungeard moncynnæs uard</l>
 <l>eci dryctin æfter tiadæ</l>
 <l>firum foldu frea allmectig</l>
 <trailer>primo cantauit Cædmon istud carmen.</trailer>
</body>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.global"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
    <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
    <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
  <alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divLike"/>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <classRef key="model.global"/>
     <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.div1Like"/>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <classRef key="model.global"/>
     <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
   <sequence>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <alternate minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
      <elementRef key="schemaSpec"/>
      <classRef key="model.common"/>
     </alternate>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
    <alternate minOccurs="0">
     <sequence minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <classRef key="model.divLike"/>
      <alternate minOccurs="0"
       maxOccurs="unbounded">
       <classRef key="model.global"/>
       <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
      </alternate>
     </sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <classRef key="model.div1Like"/>
      <alternate minOccurs="0"
       maxOccurs="unbounded">
       <classRef key="model.global"/>
       <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
      </alternate>
     </sequence>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element body
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   (
      model.global*,
      ( ( model.divTop, ( model.global | model.divTop )* )? ),
      ( ( model.divGenLike, ( model.global | model.divGenLike )* )? ),
      (
         ( ( model.divLike, ( model.global | model.divGenLike )* )+ )
       | ( ( model.div1Like, ( model.global | model.divGenLike )* )+ )
       | (
            ( ( ( schemaSpec | model.common ), model.global* )+ ),
            (
               ( ( model.divLike, ( model.global | model.divGenLike )* )+ )
             | ( ( model.div1Like, ( model.global | model.divGenLike )* )+ )
            )?
         )
      ),
      ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <body> (text body)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <body> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <body> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

6. Verse

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="fr">
  <body>
   <div>
<!-- chapter one is in French -->
   </div>
   <div xml:lang="de">
<!-- chapter two is in German -->
   </div>
   <div>
<!-- chapter three is French -->
   </div>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<tagsDecl>
<!-- define italic style using CSS, selecting it as default for emph and hi elements -->
 <rendition xml:id="IT" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi">font-style: italic;</rendition>
<!-- define a serif font family, selecting it as default for the text element -->
 <rendition xml:id="FontRoman" scheme="css"
  selector="text">font-family: serif;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
   <p rendition="#IT">
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is in italic-->
   </p>
   <p>
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is not in italic -->
   </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

1.3.1.1.5. Evaluation of Links

<body>
 <div xml:base="http://www.example.org/somewhere.xml">
  <p>
<!--... -->
   <ptr target="elsewhere.xml"/>
<!--... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div>
  <p>
<!--... -->
   <ptr target="elsewhere.xml"/>
<!--... -->
  </p>
 </div>
</body>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.1. Paragraphs

<body>
 <p>It is in vain to say human beings ought to be satisfied with tranquillity:
   they must have action; and they will make it if they cannot find it. Millions are
   condemned to a stiller doom than mine, and millions are in silent revolt against
   their lot. Nobody knows how many rebellions besides political rebellions ferment
   in the masses of life which people earth. Women are supposed to be very calm
   generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties,
   and a field for their efforts, as much as their brothers do; they suffer from
   too rigid a restraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer; and
   it is narrow-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to
   confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano
   and embroidering bags. It is thoughtless to condemn them, or laugh at them, if they
   seek to do more or learn more than custom has pronounced necessary for their sex.</p>
</body>

3.11.2.1. Referencing system derived from markup

<text xml:id="Text-1" n="AB">
 <front xml:id="Front" n="AB.1">
  <div xml:id="Front.div-1" n="AB.1.1">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
  <titlePage xml:id="Front.titlePage"
   n="AB.1.2">
   <titlePart> ... </titlePart>
  </titlePage>
  <div xml:id="Front.div-2" n="AB.1.3">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <body xml:id="Body" n="AB.2">
  <p xml:id="Body.p-1" n="AB.2.1"> ... </p>
  <p xml:id="Body.p-2" n="AB.2.2"> ... </p>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-1" n="AB.2.3">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-1.head"
    n="AB.2.3.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-1" n="AB.2.3.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-2" n="AB.2.3.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-2" n="AB.2.4">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-2.head"
    n="AB.2.4.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-1" n="AB.2.4.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-2" n="AB.2.4.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <milestone unit="part" n="1"/>
  <div1 n="1" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="3" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="part" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="1" type="part">
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="1"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="3"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="part">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="4"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

<pb>

<body>
 <pb n="1" facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- page1.png contains an image of the page; the text it contains is encoded here -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
 <pb n="2" facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- similarly, for page 2 -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
</body>

<pb>

<body>
 <pb n="1" facs="page1.png"/>
<!-- page1.png enthält eine Abbildung der Seite; der enthaltene Text ist hier kodiert -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
 <pb n="2" facs="page2.png"/>
<!-- dasselbe gilt für Seite 2 -->
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
</body>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>The shortest TEI Document Imaginable</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>First published as part of TEI P2, this is the P5
         version using a namespace.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>Le document TEI le plus court possible.</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>D'abord publié comme faisant partie de la TEI P2.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>Aucune source : il s'agit d'un document original.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>A peu pres, le document TEI le plus court envisageable.</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<TEI>

<TEI version="3.3.0" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>TEI中文指引</title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>將與TEI 中文在地化計劃等文件一同出版</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>譯自TEI P5 英文指引</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <p>這是TEI P5的中文指引...</p>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Autumn Haze</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Is it a dragonfly or a maple leaf</l>
  <l>That settles softly down upon the water?</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Souvenir de la nuit du 4</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Il avait dans sa poche une toupie en buis.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annex du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annex du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>憶江南</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>江南好，</l>
  <l>風景舊曾諳。</l>
  <l>日出江花紅胜火，</l>
  <l>春來江水綠如藍，</l>
  <l>能不憶江南。</l>
 </body>
</text>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </front>
  <body>
<!-- body of copy text goes here -->
  </body>
  <back>
<!-- back matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for composite text -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!-- front matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </front>
    <body>
<!-- body of first unitary text -->
    </body>
    <back>
<!-- back matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <body>
<!-- body of second unitary text -->
    </body>
   </text>
  </group>
  <back>
<!-- back matter for composite text, if any -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<body>

<body>
 <l>Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard</l>
 <l>metudæs maecti end his modgidanc</l>
 <l>uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes</l>
 <l>eci dryctin or astelidæ</l>
 <l>he aerist scop aelda barnum</l>
 <l>heben til hrofe haleg scepen.</l>
 <l>tha middungeard moncynnæs uard</l>
 <l>eci dryctin æfter tiadæ</l>
 <l>firum foldu frea allmectig</l>
 <trailer>primo cantauit Cædmon istud carmen.</trailer>
</body>

<group>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annexe du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Hush, the players begin...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>In Athens our tale takes place [...]</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>Now that the play is finished ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Chut ! Les acteurs commencent...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>Notre histoire se passe à Athènes [...]</l>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
     </sp>
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>La pièce est maintenant finie ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>快點，演員開始了...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>故事開始於雅典...</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... 這裡是其他動作 -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>戲劇結束...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

4.1.1. Un-numbered Divisions

<body>
 <div type="part" n="1">
  <div type="chapter" n="1">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 1 -->
  </div>
  <div type="chapter" n="2">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 2 -->
  </div>
 </div>
 <div type="part" n="2">
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 1 -->
  </div>
  <div n="2" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 2 -->
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="part">
  <head>Fallacies of Authority</head>
  <p>The subject of which is Authority in various shapes, and the object, to repress all
     exercise of the reasoning faculty.</p>
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
   <head>The Nature of Authority</head>
   <p>With reference to any proposed measures having for their object the greatest
       happiness of the greatest number [...]</p>
   <div n="1.1" type="section">
    <head>Analysis of Authority</head>
    <p>What on any given occasion is the legitimate weight or influence to be attached to
         authority [...] </p>
   </div>
   <div n="1.2" type="section">
    <head>Appeal to Authority, in What Cases Fallacious.</head>
    <p>Reference to authority is open to the charge of fallacy when [...] </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="oeuvre">
  <head>Les Chouans </head>
  <div n="1" type="partie">
   <head> Première partie</head>
   <head> L'embuscade</head>
   <div n="1" type="chapitre">
    <head>Chapitre premier </head>
    <div n="1">
     <head>I</head>
     <p>Dans les premiers jours de l'an VIII, au commencement de vendémiaire, ou, pour
           se conformer au calendrier actuel, vers la fin du mois de septembre 1799, une
           centaine de paysans et un assez grand nombre de bourgeois, partis le matin de
           Fougères pour se rendre à Mayenne, gravissaient la montagne de la Pèlerine,
           située à mi-chemin environ de Fougères à Ernée, petite ville où les voyageurs
           ont coutume de se reposer. </p>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="part">
  <head>對話的喧囂：巴赫汀文化理論述評</head>
  <p>本書以中國人的觀點，介紹巴赫汀的一生志業。深入淺出、引證周詳。尤其面對海峽兩岸劇變中的政治、文化思潮，巴赫汀從對話到喧嘩的理論，更具有深刻的歷史意義，發人省思。</p>
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
   <head>引言：巴赫汀對話論—轉型期的文化理論</head>
   <p>文化轉型期的文藝理論，一般都呈現著特別關注文藝之外的歷史社會環境的傾向。不過，這種關注在二十世紀之前的文論中，大致上均以一種文藝內在規律語歷史社會語境二元對立的面貌出現。...</p>
   <div n="1.1" type="section">
    <head>眾聲喧嘩：轉型期的文化理論</head>
    <p>當代西方文論對巴赫汀思想的看法迥異，見仁見智。有強調其「對話性」的，有看重他的「複調小說」理論的，也有語言學、符號學、哲學和美學的不同角度來解釋巴赫汀的。...
    </p>
   </div>
   <div n="1.2" type="section">
    <head>哲學建構論語對話美學</head>
    <p>眾聲喧嘩的文化理論形成於二○年代末和三○年代，是巴赫汀思想成熟階段的結晶。... </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

4.1.2. Numbered Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="part" n="1">
  <div2 type="chapter" n="1">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 1 -->
  </div2>
  <div2 type="chapter" n="2">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 2 -->
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="part" n="2">
  <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 1 -->
  </div2>
  <div2 n="2" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 2 -->
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body>
 <div type="entry" n="1">
  <div type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
  <div type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div type="entry" n="2">
  <div type="morning" n="2.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
  <div type="afternoon" n="2.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
 </div>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body>
 <div1 type="entry" n="1">
  <div2 type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="entry" n="2">
  <div2 type="morning" n="2.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="afternoon" n="2.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
 </div1>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body
   xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:diaryEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
  <my:diaryEntry type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:diaryEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
  <my:diaryEntry type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:diaryEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body
   xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:amEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:amEntry>
  <my:pmEntry type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:pmEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
 <my:diaryEntry type="entry" n="1">
  <my:amEntry type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:amEntry>
  <my:pmEntry type="afternoon" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </my:pmEntry>
 </my:diaryEntry>
<!-- ... -->
</body>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
<!-- the whole anthology -->
 <front>
<!-- title page, acknowledgments, introductory essay -->
 </front>
 <group>
<!-- body of anthology starts here -->
  <group>
   <head>The Beginnings</head>
<!-- sequence of texts or groups -->
  </group>
  <group>
<!-- The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour -->
   <text>
<!-- prefatory essay by editor -->
   </text>
   <group>
<!-- Section on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first letter -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second letter -->
    </text>
<!-- ... -->
   </group>
<!-- end of Montagu section -->
   <text>
<!-- single text by Jonathan Swift starts -->
    <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </front>
    <body/>
   </text>
<!-- end of Swift section -->
   <group>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first poem -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second poem -->
    </text>
   </group>
<!-- end of Pope section -->
<!-- ... -->
  </group>
<!-- end of 18th century section -->
  <group>
   <head>The Heyday</head>
<!-- texts and subgroups -->
  </group>
<!-- ... -->
 </group>
<!-- end of the anthology proper -->
 <back>
<!-- back matter for anthology -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>Galecia one Evening setting alone in her Chamber by a clear Fire,
and a clean Hearth [...] reflected on the Providence of our
All-wise and Gracious Creator [...] </p>
<p>She was thus ruminating, when a Gentleman enter'd the Room, the
Door being a jar [...] calling for a Candle, she beg'd a thousand
Pardons, engaged him to sit down, and let her know, what had so long
conceal'd him from her Correspondence.
</p>
<pb n="5"/>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Story of <hi>Captain Manly</hi>
  </head>
  <p>Dear Galecia, said he, though you partly know the loose, or rather
     lewd Life that I led in my Youth; yet I can't forbear relating part of
     it to you by way of Abhorrence...

<!-- Captain Manly's story here -->
     I had lost and spent all I had in the World; in which I verified the
     Old Proverb, That a Rolling Stone never gathers Moss,
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="37"/>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>The Gentleman having finish'd his Story, Galecia waited on him to
the Stairs-head; and at her return, casting her Eyes on the Table, she
saw lying there an old dirty rumpled Book, and found in it the
following story: </p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <p> IN the time of the Holy War when
     Christians from all parts went into the Holy Land to oppose the Turks;
     Amongst these there was a certain English Knight...</p>
<!-- rest of story here -->
  <p>The King graciously pardoned the Knight; Richard was kindly receiv'd
     into his Convent, and all things went on in good order: But from hence
     came the Proverb, We must not strike <hi>Robert</hi> for
  <hi>Richard.</hi>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="43"/>
<p>By this time Galecia's Maid brought up her Supper; after which she
cast her Eyes again on the foresaid little Book, where she found the
following Story, which she read through before she went to bed.
</p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Cause of the Moors Overrunning
  <hi>Spain</hi>
  </head>
  <p>King ———— of Spain at his Death, committed the Government of his
     Kingdom to his Brother Don ——— till his little Son should come of
     Age ...</p>
  <p>Thus the little Story ended, without telling what Misery
     befel the King and Kingdom, by the Moors, who over ran the Country for
     many Years after. To which, we may well apply the Proverb,
  <quote>
    <l>Who drives the Devil's Stages,</l>
    <l>Deserves the Devil's Wages</l>
   </quote>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<p>The reading this Trifle of a Story detained Galecia from her Rest
beyond her usual Hour; for she slept so sound the next Morning, that
she did not rise, till a Lady's Footman came to tell her, that his
Lady and another or two were coming to breakfast with her...
</p>

6. Verse

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <head>1755</head>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <body>
  <head>My Alba</head>
  <lg>
   <l>Now that I've wasted</l>
   <l>five years in Manhattan</l>
   <l>life decaying</l>
   <l>talent a blank</l>
  </lg>
  <lg>
   <l>talking disconnected</l>
   <l>patient and mental</l>
   <l>sliderule and number</l>
   <l>machine on a desk</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <body>
  <lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>My Mistres eyes are nothing like the Sunne,</l>
    <l>Currall is farre more red, then her lips red</l>
    <l>If snow be white, why then her brests are dun:</l>
    <l>If haires be wiers, black wiers grown on her head:</l>
   </lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>I have seene Roses damaskt, red and white,</l>
    <l>But no such Roses see I in her cheekes,</l>
    <l>And in some perfumes is there more delight,</l>
    <l>Then in the breath that from my Mistres reekes.</l>
   </lg>
   <lg type="quatrain">
    <l>I love to heare her speake, yet well I know,</l>
    <l>That Musicke hath a farre more pleasing sound:</l>
    <l>I graunt I never saw a goddesse goe,</l>
    <l>My Mistres when shee walkes treads on the ground.</l>
   </lg>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>And yet by heaven I think my love as rare,</l>
   <l>As any she beli'd with false compare.</l>
  </lg>
 </body>
</text>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<body>
 <div n="I" type="book">
  <div n="1" type="canto">
   <lg n="I.1.1" type="stanza">
    <l>A Gentle Knight was pricking on the plain</l>
    <l>Y cladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,</l>
   </lg>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<body>
 <div n="I" type="book">
  <div n="I.1" type="canto">
   <div n="I.1.1" type="stanza">
    <l>A gentle knight was pricking on the plain</l>
    <l>Ycladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,</l>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <metDecl xml:id="md_en" type="met"
  pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
  <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
 </metDecl>
 <metDecl xml:id="md_fr" type="met"
  pattern="(AAAAAT\|AAAAT(A)?)">
  <metSym value="T">syllabe tonique</metSym>
  <metSym value="A">syllabe atone</metSym>
  <metSym value="|">pause métrique</metSym>
 </metDecl>
<!-- ... -->
</encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div decls="#md_en">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
 <div decls="#md_fr">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="scene" n="1">
  <head>Night—Faust's Study (i)</head>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="scene" n="2">
  <head>Outside the City Gate</head>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="act" n="1">
  <head>Act One</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <stage>Pa Ubu, Ma Ubu</stage>
   <sp>
    <speaker>Pa Ubu</speaker>
    <p>Pschitt!</p>
   </sp>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <stage>A room in Pa Ubu's house, where a magnificent
       collation is set out</stage>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="act" n="2">
  <head>Act Two</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <head>Scene One</head>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <head>Scene Two</head>
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with ...</p>
</sp>
<stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
and Flagonson. Lilting):</stage>
<floatingText>
 <front>
  <titlePart>Kelly's Song</titlePart>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </body>
</floatingText>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<body>
 <timeline origin="#T001">
  <when xml:id="T001"/>
  <when xml:id="T002"/>
 </timeline>
 <u who="#tom">I used to smoke
 <anchor xml:id="NM01"/>a lot more than this
 <anchor xml:id="NM02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
 <u xml:id="bob-U2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>
 <linkGrp type="synchronize">
  <link target="#T001 #NM01 #bob-U2"/>
  <link target="#T002 #NM02 #bob-U2"/>
 </linkGrp>
</body>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.4.1. Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<!-- a corpus, collection or dataset of CMC documents -->
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the corpus or CMC dataset-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
<!-- a CMC document such as a chat log or a discussion page -->
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the CMC document -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
   <body>
    <div>
<!-- subdivisions of the CMC document e.g. in sections or threads if applicable-->
     <post>
<!-- one post -->
     </post>
<!-- more posts -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more documents -->
</teiCorpus>

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<text>
 <body>
  <u xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a191"
   who="#tingrabu"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts373" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts430">ok
     hm for me this presentation was hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> become too fast because it's
     always the same in our architecture school euh we have not time and hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> too quickly sorry [...]</u>
  <kinesic xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a192"
   who="#romeorez"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts376" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts377"
   type="body" subtype="kinesics">
   <desc>
    <code>eat(popcorn)</code>
   </desc>
  </kinesic>
<!-- more bodily activities of avatars -->
  <post modality="written"
   generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a195"
   who="#tfrez2"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts380" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts381"
   type="chat-message">
   <p>it went too quickly?</p>
  </post>
 </body>
</text>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<body>
 <div>
  <head>English-French</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>dog</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>horse</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>French-English</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chien</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cheval</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
</body>

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<body>
 <entry>
  <form>
   <orth>manifestation</orth>
<!-- demonstration -->
  </form>
 </entry>
 <entry>
  <form>
   <orth>émeute</orth>
<!-- riot -->
  </form>
 </entry>
 <entry type="homograph">
  <entry n="1">
   <form>
    <orth>grève</orth>
<!-- strike -->
   </form>
  </entry>
  <entry n="2">
   <form>
    <orth>grève</orth>
<!-- shore -->
   </form>
  </entry>
 </entry>
</body>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface start="#PB49R">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
<!-- ... -->
   <pb xml:id="PB49R"/>
   <fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<!-- ... -->
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<handNote xml:id="heol"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added gathering" hand="#heol"
  spanTo="#p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<addSpan>

<handNote xml:id="HEOL"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added_gathering" hand="#HEOL"
  spanTo="#P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

13. Critical Apparatus

<listApp>

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<text>
 <body>
  <div n="WBP" type="prologue">
   <head>The Prologe of the Wyves Tale of Bathe</head>
   <l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
   <l>Were in this world ...</l>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

16. Language Corpora

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="D1"/>
  <div1 n="D2" decls="#CorPol2"/>
  <div1 n="D3"/>
 </body>
</text>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.7. Aggregation

<text xml:id="zuitxt">
 <body>
  <p>
   <name xml:id="zuigan">Zui-Gan</name> called out to himself every day,
  <q next="#zuiq2" xml:id="zuiq1"
    who="#zuigan">
    <name xml:id="master">Master</name>.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Then he answered himself,
  <q next="#zuiq4" xml:id="zuiq2"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>And then he added,
  <q next="#zuiq5" xml:id="zuiq3"
    who="#master">Become sober.</q>
  </p>
  <p>Again he answered,
  <q next="#zuiq7" xml:id="zuiq4"
    who="#zuigan">Yes, sir.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q next="#zuiq6" xml:id="zuiq5"
    who="#master">And after that,</q>
     he continued,
  <q xml:id="zuiq6" who="#master">do not be deceived by others.</q>
  </p>
  <p>
   <q xml:id="zuiq7" who="#zuigan">Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q>
     he replied.</p>
 </body>
</text>

17.7. Aggregation

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

17.8. Alternation

<body>
 <div1 xml:id="C1">
  <div2 xml:id="C1S3" exclude="#C2S1"/>
 </div1>
 <div1 xml:id="C2">
  <div2 xml:id="C2S1" copyOf="#C1S3"
   exclude="#C1S3"/>
 </div1>
</body>

17.9.3. Stand-off Markup in TEI

<body>
 <p xml:id="par1">home, <emph>home</emph> on Brokeback Mountain.</p>
 <p xml:id="par2">That was the <emph>song</emph> that I sang</p>
</body>

17.9.3. Stand-off Markup in TEI

<text>
 <body>
  <head>1755</head>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

att.global.linking

<group>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t1" xml:lang="mi">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>He Whakamaramatanga mo te Ture Hoko, Riihi hoki, i nga Whenua Maori, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t2" xml:lang="en">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t2-body1"
   corresp="#t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>An Act to regulate the Sale, Letting, and Disposal of Native Lands, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</group>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- example -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsDecl type="gpsg">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
    <fsDecl type="lex">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lex">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- doc2 -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsdLink type="gpsg"
     target="example.xml#GPSG"/>
    <fsdLink type="lexx"
     target="example.xml#LEX"/>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lexx">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<group>

<group> (group) contains the body of a composite text, grouping together a sequence of distinct texts (or groups of such texts) which are regarded as a unit for some purpose, for example the collected works of an author, a sequence of prose essays, etc. [4. Default Text Structure 4.3.1. Grouped Texts 16.1. Varieties of Composite Text]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

textstructure: floatingText group text

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb ellipsis gap gb head index lb meeting milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph group opener postscript salute signed text trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<text>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
 <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first poem -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second poem -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of Pope section-->

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence>
   <alternate>
    <elementRef key="text"/>
    <elementRef key="group"/>
   </alternate>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="text"/>
    <elementRef key="group"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
  <classRef key="model.divBottom"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element group
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      ( ( text | group ), ( text | group | model.global )* ),
      model.divBottom*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <group> (group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <group> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <group> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

23. Documentation Elements

4. Default Text Structure

<text>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annex du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annex du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first text -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second text -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
<!-- Vorspann für die gesamte Gruppierung -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- erster Text -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- zweiter Text -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for composite text -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!-- front matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </front>
    <body>
<!-- body of first unitary text -->
    </body>
    <back>
<!-- back matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <body>
<!-- body of second unitary text -->
    </body>
   </text>
  </group>
  <back>
<!-- back matter for composite text, if any -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<group>

<text>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
 <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first poem -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second poem -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of Pope section-->

<group>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annexe du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
<!-- the whole anthology -->
 <front>
<!-- title page, acknowledgments, introductory essay -->
 </front>
 <group>
<!-- body of anthology starts here -->
  <group>
   <head>The Beginnings</head>
<!-- sequence of texts or groups -->
  </group>
  <group>
<!-- The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour -->
   <text>
<!-- prefatory essay by editor -->
   </text>
   <group>
<!-- Section on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first letter -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second letter -->
    </text>
<!-- ... -->
   </group>
<!-- end of Montagu section -->
   <text>
<!-- single text by Jonathan Swift starts -->
    <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </front>
    <body/>
   </text>
<!-- end of Swift section -->
   <group>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first poem -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second poem -->
    </text>
   </group>
<!-- end of Pope section -->
<!-- ... -->
  </group>
<!-- end of 18th century section -->
  <group>
   <head>The Heyday</head>
<!-- texts and subgroups -->
  </group>
<!-- ... -->
 </group>
<!-- end of the anthology proper -->
 <back>
<!-- back matter for anthology -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
 <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first poem -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second poem -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of Pope section-->

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

att.global.linking

<group>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t1" xml:lang="mi">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>He Whakamaramatanga mo te Ture Hoko, Riihi hoki, i nga Whenua Maori, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t2" xml:lang="en">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t2-body1"
   corresp="#t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>An Act to regulate the Sale, Letting, and Disposal of Native Lands, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</group>

23. Documentation Elements

<egXML>

<egXML valid="feasible" source="#UND" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
<!-- first text -->
   </text>
   <text>
<!-- second text -->
   </text>
  </group>
</text>
<!-- This example is not valid TEI, but could be made so by adding missing components -->
</egXML>

<text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
<!-- first text -->
   </text>
   <text>
<!-- second text -->
   </text>
  </group>
</text>
<!-- This example is not valid TEI, but could be made so by adding missing components -->

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<floatingText>

<floatingText> (floating text) contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, which interrupts the text containing it at any point and after which the surrounding text resumes. [4.3.2. Floating Texts]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.attributable

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope cit citedRange corr del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb ellipsis gap gb index lb milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: back body front group

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

A floating text has the same content as any other text and may thus be interrupted by another floating text, or contain a group of tesselated texts.

Example

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Hush, the players begin...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>In Athens our tale takes place [...]</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>Now that the play is finished ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.global"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <elementRef key="front"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="body"/>
   <elementRef key="group"/>
  </alternate>
  <classRef key="model.global"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <elementRef key="back"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element floatingText
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.global*,
      ( ( front, model.global* )? ),
      ( body | group ),
      model.global*,
      ( ( back, model.global* )? )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <floatingText> (floating text)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <floatingText> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <floatingText> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

4. Default Text Structure

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Hush, the players begin...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>In Athens our tale takes place [...]</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>Now that the play is finished ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Chut ! Les acteurs commencent...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>Notre histoire se passe à Athènes [...]</l>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
     </sp>
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>La pièce est maintenant finie ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>快點，演員開始了...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>故事開始於雅典...</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... 這裡是其他動作 -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>戲劇結束...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>Galecia one Evening setting alone in her Chamber by a clear Fire,
and a clean Hearth [...] reflected on the Providence of our
All-wise and Gracious Creator [...] </p>
<p>She was thus ruminating, when a Gentleman enter'd the Room, the
Door being a jar [...] calling for a Candle, she beg'd a thousand
Pardons, engaged him to sit down, and let her know, what had so long
conceal'd him from her Correspondence.
</p>
<pb n="5"/>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Story of <hi>Captain Manly</hi>
  </head>
  <p>Dear Galecia, said he, though you partly know the loose, or rather
     lewd Life that I led in my Youth; yet I can't forbear relating part of
     it to you by way of Abhorrence...

<!-- Captain Manly's story here -->
     I had lost and spent all I had in the World; in which I verified the
     Old Proverb, That a Rolling Stone never gathers Moss,
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="37"/>

4.3.2. Floating Texts

<p>The Gentleman having finish'd his Story, Galecia waited on him to
the Stairs-head; and at her return, casting her Eyes on the Table, she
saw lying there an old dirty rumpled Book, and found in it the
following story: </p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <p> IN the time of the Holy War when
     Christians from all parts went into the Holy Land to oppose the Turks;
     Amongst these there was a certain English Knight...</p>
<!-- rest of story here -->
  <p>The King graciously pardoned the Knight; Richard was kindly receiv'd
     into his Convent, and all things went on in good order: But from hence
     came the Proverb, We must not strike <hi>Robert</hi> for
  <hi>Richard.</hi>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<pb n="43"/>
<p>By this time Galecia's Maid brought up her Supper; after which she
cast her Eyes again on the foresaid little Book, where she found the
following Story, which she read through before she went to bed.
</p>
<floatingText>
 <body>
  <head>The Cause of the Moors Overrunning
  <hi>Spain</hi>
  </head>
  <p>King ———— of Spain at his Death, committed the Government of his
     Kingdom to his Brother Don ——— till his little Son should come of
     Age ...</p>
  <p>Thus the little Story ended, without telling what Misery
     befel the King and Kingdom, by the Moors, who over ran the Country for
     many Years after. To which, we may well apply the Proverb,
  <quote>
    <l>Who drives the Devil's Stages,</l>
    <l>Deserves the Devil's Wages</l>
   </quote>
  </p>
 </body>
</floatingText>
<p>The reading this Trifle of a Story detained Galecia from her Rest
beyond her usual Hour; for she slept so sound the next Morning, that
she did not rise, till a Lady's Footman came to tell her, that his
Lady and another or two were coming to breakfast with her...
</p>

7. Performance Texts

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with ...</p>
</sp>
<stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
and Flagonson. Lilting):</stage>
<floatingText>
 <front>
  <titlePart>Kelly's Song</titlePart>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </body>
</floatingText>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<div>

<div> (text division) contains a subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1. Divisions of the Body]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.divLike

@org

@sample

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.placement

@place

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.divLike

Contained by

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back body div front

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc divGen ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition schemaSpec specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<body>
 <div type="part">
  <head>Fallacies of Authority</head>
  <p>The subject of which is Authority in various shapes, and the object, to repress all
     exercise of the reasoning faculty.</p>
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
   <head>The Nature of Authority</head>
   <p>With reference to any proposed measures having for their object the greatest
       happiness of the greatest number [...]</p>
   <div n="1.1" type="section">
    <head>Analysis of Authority</head>
    <p>What on any given occasion is the legitimate weight or influence to be attached to
         authority [...] </p>
   </div>
   <div n="1.2" type="section">
    <head>Appeal to Authority, in What Cases Fallacious.</head>
    <p>Reference to authority is open to the charge of fallacy when [...] </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:l//tei:div">
<sch:assert test="ancestor::tei:floatingText"> Abstract model violation: Metrical lines may not contain higher-level structural elements such as div, unless div is a descendant of floatingText.
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:div">
<sch:report test="(ancestor::tei:p or ancestor::tei:ab) and not(ancestor::tei:floatingText)"> Abstract model violation: p and ab may not contain higher-level structural elements such as div, unless div is a descendant of floatingText.
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <alternate>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <alternate>
      <classRef key="model.divLike"/>
      <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
     </alternate>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
    <sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate minOccurs="1"
       maxOccurs="1">
       <elementRef key="schemaSpec"/>
       <classRef key="model.common"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="0"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate>
       <classRef key="model.divLike"/>
       <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
    </sequence>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element div
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.divLike.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      (
         (
            (
               ( ( ( model.divLike | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )+ )
             | (
                  ( ( ( schemaSpec | model.common ), model.global* )+ ),
                  ( ( ( model.divLike | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )* )
               )
            ),
            ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
         )?
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <div> (text division)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <div> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <div> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

6. Verse

7. Performance Texts

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

10. Dictionaries

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.1. Element Identifiers and Labels

<div type="book" n="one" xml:id="TXT0101">
<!-- ... -->
 <div type="stanza" n="xlii">
<!-- ... -->
 </div>
</div>

1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader xml:lang="en">
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text xml:lang="fr">
  <body>
   <div>
<!-- chapter one is in French -->
   </div>
   <div xml:lang="de">
<!-- chapter two is in German -->
   </div>
   <div>
<!-- chapter three is French -->
   </div>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators

<tagsDecl>
<!-- define italic style using CSS, selecting it as default for emph and hi elements -->
 <rendition xml:id="IT" scheme="css"
  selector="emph, hi">font-style: italic;</rendition>
<!-- define a serif font family, selecting it as default for the text element -->
 <rendition xml:id="FontRoman" scheme="css"
  selector="text">font-family: serif;</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
   <p rendition="#IT">
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is in italic-->
   </p>
   <p>
<!-- this paragraph uses the seriffed font, but is not in italic -->
   </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

1.3.1.1.5. Evaluation of Links

<body>
 <div xml:base="http://www.example.org/somewhere.xml">
  <p>
<!--... -->
   <ptr target="elsewhere.xml"/>
<!--... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div>
  <p>
<!--... -->
   <ptr target="elsewhere.xml"/>
<!--... -->
  </p>
 </div>
</body>

att.typed

<div type="verse">
 <head>Night in Tarras</head>
 <lg type="stanza">
  <l>At evening tramping on the hot white road</l>
  <l>…</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="stanza">
  <l>A wind sprang up from nowhere as the sky</l>
  <l>…</l>
 </lg>
</div>

att.global

<div type="bibl">
 <head>Selections from <title level="m">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797</title>
 </head>
 <listBibl xml:base="https://romantic-circles.org/sites/default/files/imported/editions/southey_letters/XML/">
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.3.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Grosvenor Charles Bedford</title>, <date when="1792-04-03">3 April 1792</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.57.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Anna Seward</title>, <date when="1793-09-18">18 September 1793</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.85.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Robert Lovell</title>, <date from="1794-04-05" to="1794-04-06">5-6 April, 1794</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</div>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<p>

<div>
 <p>C'était à Mégara, faubourg de Carthage, dans les jardins d'Hamilcar.</p>
 <p>Les soldats qu'il avait commandés en Sicile se donnaient un grand festin pour célébrer
   le jour anniversaire de la bataille d'Eryx, et comme le maître était absent et qu'ils se
   trouvaient nombreux, ils mangeaient et ils buvaient en pleine liberté.</p>
</div>

<emph>

<div>
 <p>«Mes amis, dit-il, mes amis, je... je... »</p>
 <p>Mais quelque chose l'étouffait. Il ne pouvait pas achever sa phrase.</p>
 <p> Alors il se tourna vers le tableau, prit un morceau de craie, et, en appuyant de
   toutes ses forces, il écrivit aussi gros qu'il put : </p>
 <p>
  <emph>«vive la France !"»</emph>
 </p>
 <p> Puis il resta là, la tête appuyée au mur, et, sans parler, avec sa main il nous
   faisait signe:</p>
 <p>«C'est fini...allez-vous-en.»</p>
</div>

3.3.3. Quotation

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

<unclear>

<div>
 <head>Rx</head>
 <p>500 mg <unclear reason="illegible">placebo</unclear>
 </p>
</div>

3.6.3. Numbers and Measures

<div n="2">
 <list type="gloss">
  <label>Age</label>
  <item>Unimportant</item>
  <label>Head</label>
  <item>Small and round</item>
  <label>Eyes</label>
  <item>Green</item>
  <label>Complexion</label>
  <item>White</item>
  <label>Hair</label>
  <item>yellow</item>
  <label>Features</label>
  <item>Mobile</item>
  <label>Neck</label>
  <item>
   <measure>13¾"</measure>
  </item>
  <label>Upper arm</label>
  <item>
   <measure>11"</measure>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<p>...
The complete XPointer specification is managed by the W3C<note place="foot">
  <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-framework/"/>,
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-element/"/>,
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xmlns/"/>, and
 <ptr target="https://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xpointer/"/>
 </note>;
for a discussion of TEI schemes for XPointer, see
<ptr target="#eSATS"/>.</p>
<!--... -->
<div xml:id="eSATS">
<!--... -->
</div>

<list>

<div>
 <p> Selon des critères qui n'appartiennent qu'à lui, Rémi Plassaert a classé ses buvards
   en huit tas respectivement surmontés par :</p>
 <list rend="bulleted">
  <item>un toréador chantant (dentifrice émail Diamant)</item>
  <item>un tapis d'Orient du XVIIe siècle, provenant d'une basilique de Transylvanie
     (Kalium-Sedaph, soluté de propionate de potassium)</item>
  <item>Le Renard et la Cicogne (sic), gravure de Jean-Baptiste Oudry (Papeteries
     Marquaize, Stencyl, Reprographie)</item>
 </list>
</div>

<list>

<div>
 <p> [...] et tout autour, la longue cohorte de ses personnages, avec leur histoire, leur
   passé, leurs légendes :</p>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Pélage vainqueur d'Alkhamah se faisant couronner à Covadonga </item>
  <item n="2">La cantatrice exilée de Russie suivant Schönberg à Amsterdam</item>
  <item n="3">Le petit chat sourd aux yeux vairons vivant au dernier étage</item>
  <item n="4">Le crétin chef d'îlot faisant préparer des tonneaux de sable</item>
 </list>
</div>

<head>

<div type="subsection">
 <head place="margin">Secunda conclusio</head>
 <p>
  <lb n="1251"/>
  <hi rend="large">Potencia: habitus: et actus: recipiunt speciem ab obiectis<supplied>.</supplied>
  </hi>
  <lb n="1252"/>Probatur sic. Omne importans necessariam habitudinem ad proprium
   [...]
 </p>
</div>

<head>

<div type="chapitre">
 <head>Les Mille et une Nuits</head>
 <p>LES chroniques des Sassaniens, anciens rois de Perse, qui avaient étendu leur empire
   dans les Indes, [...]</p>
 <div type="histoire">
  <head>Histoire du Vizir puni</head>
  <p>IL était autrefois un roi, poursuivit-il, qui avait un<lb/> fils qui aimait
     passionnément la chasse. Il lui permettait<lb/> de prendre souvent ce divertissement ;
     [...] </p>
 </div>
</div>
<trailer>
 <hi rend="majuscule">fin du tome premier.</hi>
</trailer>

3.9.2.1. Pre-existing Indexes

<div type="index">
<!--...-->
 <list type="index">
  <item>Women, how cause of mel. <ref>193</ref>; their vanity in
     apparell taxed, <ref>527</ref>; their counterfeit tears
  <ref>547</ref>; their vices <ref>601</ref>, commended,
  <ref>624</ref>.</item>
  <item>Wormwood, good against mel. <ref>443</ref>
  </item>
  <item>World taxed, <ref>181</ref>
  </item>
  <item>Writers of the cure of mel. 295</item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
</div>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
  <listBibl>
   <bibl> ... </bibl>
  </listBibl>
 </div>
 <divGen n="Index Nominum"
  type="INDEX-NAMES"/>
 <divGen n="Index Loci" type="INDEX-PLACES"/>
</back>

3.11.2.1. Referencing system derived from markup

<text xml:id="Text-1" n="AB">
 <front xml:id="Front" n="AB.1">
  <div xml:id="Front.div-1" n="AB.1.1">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
  <titlePage xml:id="Front.titlePage"
   n="AB.1.2">
   <titlePart> ... </titlePart>
  </titlePage>
  <div xml:id="Front.div-2" n="AB.1.3">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <body xml:id="Body" n="AB.2">
  <p xml:id="Body.p-1" n="AB.2.1"> ... </p>
  <p xml:id="Body.p-2" n="AB.2.2"> ... </p>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-1" n="AB.2.3">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-1.head"
    n="AB.2.3.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-1" n="AB.2.3.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-2" n="AB.2.3.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-2" n="AB.2.4">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-2.head"
    n="AB.2.4.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-1" n="AB.2.4.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-2" n="AB.2.4.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Ninth International Conference on Middle High German Textual Criticism, Aachen,
   June 1998.</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>List of Participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Colloque international : Duras, marges et transgressions, Nancy, 1er et 2 avril
   2005</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>liste des participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>2007第三屆亞太藝術教育國際研討會</meeting>
 <list type="參與者">
  <head>與會者名單</head>
  <item>
   <persName>馬桂順 </persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>仲瀨律久</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<lg>

<div type="sonnet">
 <lg type="quatrain">
  <l>Les amoureux fervents et les savants austères</l>
  <l>Aiment également, dans leur mûre saison,</l>
  <l>Les chats puissants et doux, orgueil de la maison,</l>
  <l>Qui comme eux sont frileux et comme eux sédentaires.</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="quatrain">
  <l>Amis de la science et de la volupté</l>
  <l>Ils cherchent le silence et l'horreur des ténèbres ;</l>
  <l>L'Erèbe les eût pris pour ses coursiers funèbres,</l>
  <l>S'ils pouvaient au servage incliner leur fierté.</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="tercet">
  <l>Ils prennent en songeant les nobles attitudes</l>
  <l>Des grands sphinx allongés au fond des solitudes,</l>
  <l>Qui semblent s'endormir dans un rêve sans fin ;</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="tercet">
  <l>Leurs reins féconds sont pleins d'étincelles magiques,</l>
  <l>Et des parcelles d'or, ainsi qu'un sable fin,</l>
  <l>Etoilent vaguement leurs prunelles mystiques.</l>
 </lg>
</div>

4. Default Text Structure

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Hush, the players begin...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>In Athens our tale takes place [...]</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>Now that the play is finished ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>Chut ! Les acteurs commencent...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>Notre histoire se passe à Athènes [...]</l>
<!-- ... rest of nested act here -->
     </sp>
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>La pièce est maintenant finie ...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

<floatingText>

<body>
 <div type="scene">
  <sp>
   <p>快點，演員開始了...</p>
  </sp>
  <floatingText type="pwp">
   <body>
    <div type="act">
     <sp>
      <l>故事開始於雅典...</l>
     </sp>
<!-- ... 這裡是其他動作 -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </floatingText>
  <sp>
   <p>戲劇結束...</p>
  </sp>
 </div>
</body>

4.1.1. Un-numbered Divisions

<body>
 <div type="part" n="1">
  <div type="chapter" n="1">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 1 -->
  </div>
  <div type="chapter" n="2">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 2 -->
  </div>
 </div>
 <div type="part" n="2">
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 1 -->
  </div>
  <div n="2" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 2 -->
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="part">
  <head>Fallacies of Authority</head>
  <p>The subject of which is Authority in various shapes, and the object, to repress all
     exercise of the reasoning faculty.</p>
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
   <head>The Nature of Authority</head>
   <p>With reference to any proposed measures having for their object the greatest
       happiness of the greatest number [...]</p>
   <div n="1.1" type="section">
    <head>Analysis of Authority</head>
    <p>What on any given occasion is the legitimate weight or influence to be attached to
         authority [...] </p>
   </div>
   <div n="1.2" type="section">
    <head>Appeal to Authority, in What Cases Fallacious.</head>
    <p>Reference to authority is open to the charge of fallacy when [...] </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="oeuvre">
  <head>Les Chouans </head>
  <div n="1" type="partie">
   <head> Première partie</head>
   <head> L'embuscade</head>
   <div n="1" type="chapitre">
    <head>Chapitre premier </head>
    <div n="1">
     <head>I</head>
     <p>Dans les premiers jours de l'an VIII, au commencement de vendémiaire, ou, pour
           se conformer au calendrier actuel, vers la fin du mois de septembre 1799, une
           centaine de paysans et un assez grand nombre de bourgeois, partis le matin de
           Fougères pour se rendre à Mayenne, gravissaient la montagne de la Pèlerine,
           située à mi-chemin environ de Fougères à Ernée, petite ville où les voyageurs
           ont coutume de se reposer. </p>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<div>

<body>
 <div type="part">
  <head>對話的喧囂：巴赫汀文化理論述評</head>
  <p>本書以中國人的觀點，介紹巴赫汀的一生志業。深入淺出、引證周詳。尤其面對海峽兩岸劇變中的政治、文化思潮，巴赫汀從對話到喧嘩的理論，更具有深刻的歷史意義，發人省思。</p>
  <div n="1" type="chapter">
   <head>引言：巴赫汀對話論—轉型期的文化理論</head>
   <p>文化轉型期的文藝理論，一般都呈現著特別關注文藝之外的歷史社會環境的傾向。不過，這種關注在二十世紀之前的文論中，大致上均以一種文藝內在規律語歷史社會語境二元對立的面貌出現。...</p>
   <div n="1.1" type="section">
    <head>眾聲喧嘩：轉型期的文化理論</head>
    <p>當代西方文論對巴赫汀思想的看法迥異，見仁見智。有強調其「對話性」的，有看重他的「複調小說」理論的，也有語言學、符號學、哲學和美學的不同角度來解釋巴赫汀的。...
    </p>
   </div>
   <div n="1.2" type="section">
    <head>哲學建構論語對話美學</head>
    <p>眾聲喧嘩的文化理論形成於二○年代末和三○年代，是巴赫汀思想成熟階段的結晶。... </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

<divGen>

<front>
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<divGen>

<front>
<!--<titlePage>書名頁</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>序</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<divGen>

<front>
<!--<titlePage>...</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Preface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body>
 <div type="entry" n="1">
  <div type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
  <div type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div type="entry" n="2">
  <div type="morning" n="2.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
  <div type="afternoon" n="2.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div>
 </div>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

<div n="xx" sample="initial" part="Y"
 type="chapter">
 <p> ... </p>
</div>

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

<div n="xx" part="M" type="chapter">
 <p> ... </p>
 <gap extent="2" reason="sampling"/>
 <p> ... </p>
</div>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div type="story">
 <head rend="underlined" type="sub">President pledges safeguards for 2,400 British
   troops in Bosnia</head>
 <head rend="scream" type="main">Major agrees to enforced no-fly zone</head>
 <byline>By George Jones, Political Editor, in Washington</byline>
 <p>Greater Western intervention in the conflict in
   former Yugoslavia was pledged by President Bush ...</p>
</div>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div type="book" n="I">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the
   first book of the ecclesiastical history of Georgius Florentinus,
   known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div>
  <head>Chapter Headings</head>
  <list>
   <item>
<!-- chapter head -->
   </item>
<!-- further chapter heads omitted -->
  </list>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four
     hundred and twelve years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five
     hundred and ninety-six years from the beginning of the world down
     to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="preface">
 <head>To Henry Hope.</head>
 <p>It is not because this volume was conceived and partly
   executed amid the glades and galleries of the Deepdene,
   that I have inscribed it with your name. ... I shall find a
   reflex to their efforts in your own generous spirit and
   enlightened mind.
 </p>
 <closer>
  <signed xml:lang="el">D.</signed>
  <dateline>Grosvenor Gate, May-Day, 1844</dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="letter" n="14">
 <head>Letter XIV: Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe</head>
 <opener>
  <dateline>Thursday evening, March 2.</dateline>
 </opener>
 <p>On Hannah's depositing my long letter ...</p>
 <p>An interruption obliges me to conclude myself
   in some hurry, as well as fright, what I must ever be,</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Yours more than my own,</salute>
  <signed>Clarissa Harlowe</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="chap" n="6">
 <argument>
  <p>Kingston — Instructive remarks on early English history
     — Instructive observations on carved oak and life in general
     — Sad case of Stivvings, junior — Musings on antiquity
     — I forget that I am steering — Interesting result
     — Hampton Court Maze — Harris as a guide.</p>
 </argument>
 <p>It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you
   care to take it ...</p>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="chap" n="6">
 <argument>
  <list type="inline">
   <item>Kingston</item>
   <item>Instructive remarks on early English history</item>
   <item>Instructive observations on carved oak and life in
       general</item>
   <item>Sad case of Stivvings, junior</item>
   <item>Musings on antiquity</item>
   <item>I forget that I am steering</item>
   <item>Interesting result</item>
   <item>Hampton Court Maze</item>
   <item>Harris as a guide.</item>
  </list>
 </argument>
 <p>It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you
   care to take it ...</p>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div n="19" type="chap">
 <head>Chapter 19</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I pity the man who can travel
       from Dan to Beersheba, and say <q>'Tis all
         barren;</q> and so is all the world to him
       who will not cultivate the fruits it offers.
   </quote>
   <bibl>Sterne: Sentimental Journey.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>To say that Deronda was romantic would be to
   misrepresent him: but under his calm and somewhat
   self-repressed exterior ...</p>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Et, sur cet océan bourdonnant de mille vaguelettes, se leva l'armée caressante et si
   tendre des merveilleuses sirènes blondes aux seins durs comme ça. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Thionne-Paris</name>, <date>1950-1951.</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> perhaps you will favour me with a sight of it when convenient.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I remain, &amp;c. &amp;c.</salute>
  <signed>H. Colburn</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> N'y voyez que le signe de l'intérêt que je que je porte à une profession qui fut la
   mienne. Je désire en effet, insérer votre article dans un ouvrage sur la presse
   française contemporaine. </p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Veuillez agréer, je vous prie, Monsieur, l'assurance de mes sentiments les
     meilleurs. </salute>
  <signed> Françoise Giroud</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Voilà, cher Rhedi, ce que j' appelle le droit public. Voilà le droit des gens, ou
   plutôt celui de la raison. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">à Paris </name>, <date>le 4 de la lune de Zilhagé, 1716. </date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> 不久，我們就能再見面。</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>祝事事順心</salute>
  <signed>謝甯</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1942">Printemps 1942 </date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Cher ami, </salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Le printemps vient maintenant. J'espère que là où tu es le climat à cette saison n'est
   pas encore pénible. C'est le moment des travaux des champs ; peut-être arrivera-t-on à
   quelque chose pour toi. S'il n'y a pas moyen de te faire venir en France, faut-il faire
   des démarches pour essayer de te faire quitter l'Europe ? Écris-le-moi. </p>
 <p>[...] </p>
 <closer>
  <salute> Crois à mon amitié fraternelle. </salute>
  <signed>Simone Weil </signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>Voici la traduction de quelques vers grecs d'Eschyle. Ils sont prononcés par
     Prométhée, le dieu qui, d'après les croyances des Grecs, avait sauvé les hommes de la
     destruction, avait volé le feu pour le leur donner et leur avait appris le langage, le
     nombre, l'astronomie, les métiers et les arts. Il en fut puni et fut cloué sur un
     rocher. La tragédie d'Eschyle commence par la scène où on le cloue ; il se tait
     pendant ce temps, puis, quand ses bourreaux sont partis, il dit : [...]</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1911-03-26">辛亥三月二十六</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>意映卿卿如晤：</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>吾今以此書與汝永別矣！吾作此書，淚珠和筆墨齊下，不能竟書，而欲擱筆！又恐汝不察吾衷，謂吾忍舍汝而死，謂吾不知汝之不欲吾死也，故遂忍悲為汝言之。...</p>
 <closer>
  <signed>夜四鼓<name>意洞</name>手書</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<div n="2" type="chap">
 <head>Extracts</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a sub-sub-Librarian)</head>
 <p>It will be seen that this mere painstaking burrower and
   grubworm of a poor devil of a Sub-Sub appears to have gone
   through the long Vaticans and street-stalls of the earth,
   picking up whatever random allusions to whales he could
   anyways find ...
   Here ye strike but splintered hearts together — there,
   ye shall strike unsplinterable glasses!</p>
 <p>
  <cit>
   <quote>And God created great whales.</quote>
   <bibl>Genesis</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Leviathan maketh a path to shine after him;</l>
    <l>One would think the deep to be hoary.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>Job</bibl>
  </cit>
  <cit>
   <quote>By art is created that great Leviathan,
       called a Commonwealth or State — (in Latin,
   <mentioned xml:lang="la">civitas</mentioned>), which
       is but an artificial man.</quote>
   <bibl>Opening sentence of Hobbes's Leviathan</bibl>
  </cit>
 </p>
</div>

4.4. Virtual Divisions

<div>
<!-- transcript here-->
</div>
<div>
<!-- translation here -->
</div>
<divGen type="alignment"/>

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="dedication">
 <p>To my parents, Ida and Max Fish</p>
</div>
<div type="preface">
 <head>Preface</head>
 <p>The answer this book gives to its title question is <q>there is
     and there isn't</q>.</p>
 <p>Chapters 1–12 have been previously published in the
   following journals and collections:
 <list>
   <item>chapters 1 and 3 in <title>New literary History</title>
   </item>
   <item>chapter 10 in <title>Boundary II</title> (1980)</item>
  </list>.
   I am grateful for permission to reprint.</p>
 <signed>S.F.</signed>
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="contents">
 <head>Contents</head>
 <list>
  <item>Introduction, or How I stopped Worrying and Learned to Love
     Interpretation <ptr target="#fish1"/>
  </item>
  <item>
   <list>
    <head>Part One: Literature in the Reader</head>
    <item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
    <ptr target="#fish2"/>
    </item>
    <item n="2">What is Stylistics and Why Are They Saying Such
         Terrible Things About It? <ptr target="#fish3"/>
    </item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</div>
<div xml:id="fish1">
 <head>Introduction</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish2">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div xml:id="fish3">
 <head>What is stylistics?</head>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<!-- ... --><item n="1">Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics
<ref target="#fish-p24">24</ref>
</item>
<!-- ... -->
<div type="chapter">
 <head>Literature in the Reader</head>
 <pb xml:id="fish-p24"/>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<!-- ... -->

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla
     pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: <q xml:lang="grc">Σίβυλλα τί
       θέλεις</q>; respondebat illa: <q xml:lang="grc">ὰποθανεῖν θέλω.</q>
  </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>For Ezra Pound <q xml:lang="it">il miglior fabbro.</q>
  </p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>à la mémoire de Raymond Queneau</p>
 </div>
 <div type="avertissement">
  <p>L'amitié, l'histoire et la littérature m'ont fourni quelques-uns
     des.personnages de ce livre. Toute autre ressemblance avec des
     individus vivants ou ayant réellement ou fictivement existé ne
     saurait être que coïncidence.</p>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde <bibl>(Jules Verne, Michel
         Strogoff )</bibl>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
 </div>
 <div type="preambule">
  <head>PRÉAMBULE</head>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>
    <q>L'œil suit les chemins qui lui ont été ménagés dans l'oeuvre
    <bibl>(Paul Klee, Pädagosisches Skizzenbuch)</bibl>
    </q>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
  <p> Au départ, l'art du puzzle semble un art bref, un art mince, tout
     entier contenu dans un maigre enseignement de la Gestalttheorie :
     ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p>Tant qu'il existera, par le fait des lois et des moeurs, une
     damnation sociale créant artificiellement, en pleine civilisation,
     des enfers, et compliquant d'une fatalité humaine la destinée qui
     est divine ; tant que les trois problèmes du siècle, la dégradation
     de l'homme par le prolétariat, la déchéance de la femme par la faim,
     l'atrophie de l'enfant par la nuit, ne seront pas résolus; tant que,
     dans certaines régions, l'asphyxie sociale sera possible; en
     d'autres termes, et à un point de vue plus étendu encore, tant qu'il
     aura sur la terre ignorance et misère, des livres de la nature de
     celui-ci pourront ne pas être inutiles.</p>
  <closer>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Hauteville-House</name>
    <date>1er janvier 1862</date>
   </dateline>
  </closer>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>小燕子其實也無所愛，只是沉浸在朦朧而飄忽的夏夜夢里罷了。 </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>《憶》第三十五首</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>聲明啟事</p>
 </div>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>作者聲明</head>
  <p>書中所有情節內容皆為虛構，若有雷同，純屬巧合。</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>To our three selves</p>
 </div>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Author's Note</head>
  <p>All the characters in this book are purely imaginary, and if the
     author has used names that may suggest a reference to living persons
     she has done so inadvertently. ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="abstract">
  <div>
   <head> BACKGROUND:</head>
   <p>Food insecurity can put children at greater risk of obesity because
       of altered food choices and nonuniform consumption patterns.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> OBJECTIVE:</head>
   <p>We examined the association between obesity and both child-level
       food insecurity and personal food insecurity in US children.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> DESIGN:</head>
   <p>Data from 9,701 participants in the National Health and Nutrition
       Examination Survey, 2001-2010, aged 2 to 11 years were analyzed.
       Child-level food insecurity was assessed with the US Department of
       Agriculture's Food Security Survey Module based on eight
       child-specific questions. Personal food insecurity was assessed with
       five additional questions. Obesity was defined, using physical
       measurements, as body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) greater than
       or equal to the age- and sex-specific 95th percentile of the Centers
       for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Logistic
       regressions adjusted for sex, race/ethnic group, poverty level, and
       survey year were conducted to describe associations between obesity
       and food insecurity.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> RESULTS:</head>
   <p>Obesity was significantly associated with personal food insecurity
       for children aged 6 to 11 years (odds ratio=1.81; 95% CI 1.33 to
       2.48), but not in children aged 2 to 5 years (odds ratio=0.88; 95%
       CI 0.51 to 1.51). Child-level food insecurity was not associated
       with obesity among 2- to 5-year-olds or 6- to 11-year-olds.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> CONCLUSIONS:</head>
   <p>Personal food insecurity is associated with an increased risk of
       obesity only in children aged 6 to 11 years. Personal
       food-insecurity measures may give different results than aggregate
       food-insecurity measures in children.</p>
  </div>
 </div>
</front>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="index">
  <head>Index</head>
  <list type="index">
   <item>Actors, public, paid for the contempt attending
       their profession, <ref>263</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Africa, cause assigned for the barbarous state of
       the interior parts of that continent, <ref>125</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Agriculture
   <list type="indexentry">
     <item>ancient policy of Europe unfavourable to, <ref>371</ref>
     </item>
     <item>artificers necessary to carry it on, <ref>481</ref>
     </item>
     <item>cattle and tillage mutually improve each other, <ref>325</ref>
     </item>
     <item>wealth arising from more solid than that which proceeds
           from commerce <ref>520</ref>
     </item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref>461</ref>
   </item>
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="letter">
  <head>A letter written to his wife, founde with this booke
     after his death.</head>
  <p>The remembrance of the many wrongs offred thee, and thy
     unreproued vertues, adde greater sorrow to my miserable state,
     than I can utter or thou conceiue. ...
     ... yet trust I in the world to come to find mercie, by the
     merites of my Saiuour to whom I commend thee, and commit
     my soule.</p>
  <signed>Thy repentant husband for his disloyaltie,
  <name>Robert Greene.</name>
  </signed>
  <epigraph xml:lang="la">
   <p>Faelicem fuisse infaustum</p>
  </epigraph>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </div>
</back>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="corrigenda">
  <head>Addenda</head>
  <salute xml:lang="la">M. Scriblerus Lectori</salute>
  <p>Once more, gentle reader I appeal unto thee, from the shameful
     ignorance of the Editor, by whom Our own Specimen of
  <name>Virgil</name> hath been mangled in such miserable manner, that
     scarce without tears can we behold it. At the very entrance, Instead
     of <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγομενα</q>, lo!
  <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγωμενα</q> with an Omega!
     and in the same line <q xml:lang="la">consulâs</q> with a circumflex!
     In the next page thou findest <q xml:lang="la">leviter perlabere</q>,
     which his ignorance took to be the infinitive mood of
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabor</q> but ought to be
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabi</q> ... Wipe away all these
     monsters, Reader, with thy quill.</p>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>The Golden Dream or, the Ingenuous Confession</head>
  <p>TO shew the Depravity of human Nature, and how apt the Mind is to be misled by Trinkets
     and false Appearances, Mrs. Two-Shoes does acknowledge, that after she became rich, she
     had like to have been, too fond of Money
<!-- .... -->
  </p>
 </div>
<!-- ... -->
 <div type="epistle">
  <head>A letter from the Printer, which he desires may be inserted</head>
  <salute>Sir.</salute>
  <p>I have done with your Copy, so you may return it to the Vatican, if you please;

<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>The Books usually read by the Scholars of Mrs Two-Shoes are these and are sold at Mr
     Newbery's at the Bible and Sun in St Paul's Church-yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">The Christmas Box, Price 1d.</item>
   <item n="2">The History of Giles Gingerbread, 1d.</item>
<!-- ... -->
   <item n="42">A Curious Collection of Travels, selected from the Writers of all Nations,
       10 Vol, Pr. bound 1l.</item>
  </list>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>By the KING's Royal Patent, Are sold by J. NEWBERY, at the Bible and Sun in St.
     Paul's Church-Yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">Dr. James's Powders for Fevers, the Small-Pox, Measles, Colds, &amp;c. 2s.
       6d</item>
   <item n="2">Dr. Hooper's Female Pills, 1s.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div n="1" type="appendice">
  <head>APPENDICE I </head>
  <head>CHAPITRE XV bis </head>
  <p>Des cruautez exercées par les Turcs, et autres peuples : et nommément par les
     Espagnols, beaucoup plus barbares que les Sauvages mesmes </p>
  <p>Premierement Chalcondile en son histoire de la decadence de l'Empire des Grecs, ...</p>
 </div>
 <div n="2" type="appendice">
  <head> Appendice 2</head>
  <head>Advertissement de l'autheur</head>
  <p>Outre les augmentations bien amples, et la revision beaucoup plus exacte que je n'avoye
     fait és precedentes Editions, j'ai pour le contentement des Lecteurs, plusieurs endroits
     de ceste quatrieme et derniere monstré ...</p>
 </div>
</back>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.7.1. Vertical Writing Modes

<div>
 <lg xml:lang="ja"
  style="writing-mode: vertical-rl">
  <l>古池や</l>
  <l>蛙</l>
  <l>飛び込む</l>
  <l>水の音</l>
 </lg>
 <lg xml:lang="ja-Latn"
  style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">
  <l>furu ike ya</l>
  <l>kawazu tobikomu</l>
  <l>mizu no oto</l>
 </lg>
 <lg xml:lang="en">
  <l>Old pond,</l>
  <l>and a frog dives in—</l>
  <l>"Splash"!</l>
 </lg>
</div>

6. Verse

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<body>
 <div n="I" type="book">
  <div n="1" type="canto">
   <lg n="I.1.1" type="stanza">
    <l>A Gentle Knight was pricking on the plain</l>
    <l>Y cladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,</l>
   </lg>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<body>
 <div n="I" type="book">
  <div n="I.1" type="canto">
   <div n="I.1.1" type="stanza">
    <l>A gentle knight was pricking on the plain</l>
    <l>Ycladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,</l>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</body>

6.4.1. Sample Metrical Analyses

<div type="book" n="1" met="-+|-+|-+|-+|-+/"
 rhyme="aa">
 <lg n="1" type="paragraph">
  <l>'Tis hard to say, if greater Want of Skill</l>
  <l>Appear in <hi>Writing</hi> or in <hi>Judging</hi> ill;</l>
  <l>But, of the two, less dang'rous is th'Offence,</l>
  <l>To tire our <hi>Patience</hi>, than mis-lead our <hi>Sense</hi>:</l>
 </lg>
</div>

6.4.3. Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse

<div type="canzone"
 met="E/E/S/E/S/E/E/S/E/S/E/S/S/E/S/E/E/S/S/E/E" rhyme="abbcdaccbdceeffghhhgg">
 <lg n="1" type="stanza">
  <l n="1">Doglia mi reca nello core ardire</l>
 </lg>
</div>

6.4.3. Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse

<div met="[...]">
 <lg>
  <l> ... </l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="commiato"
  met="E/S/S/E/S/E/E/S/S/E/E" rhyme="abbccdeeedd">
  <l n="1">Canzone, presso di qui è une donna</l>
 </lg>
</div>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <metDecl xml:id="md_en" type="met"
  pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
  <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
 </metDecl>
 <metDecl xml:id="md_fr" type="met"
  pattern="(AAAAAT\|AAAAT(A)?)">
  <metSym value="T">syllabe tonique</metSym>
  <metSym value="A">syllabe atone</metSym>
  <metSym value="|">pause métrique</metSym>
 </metDecl>
<!-- ... -->
</encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div decls="#md_en">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
 <div decls="#md_fr">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

<castList>

<div n="1">
 <head>T.N.P. 1963</head>
 <note place="foot" n="1">A la création au Festivai d'Avignon en juillet 1962, la
   distribution était légèrement différente : dans l'ordre ci-dessus : Hécube (Annie
   Monnier) ; Iris (Paule Noël) ; Hector (Daniel lvernel) ; Pâris (Jean-Louis Trintignant)
   ; Troïus (Bernard Laïk).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>MARIA MAUBAN </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE MINAZZOLLI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>ALINE BERTRAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>JUDITH MAGRE ANNE</castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>NOELLE VINCENT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CLAUDINE MAUGEY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>PIERRE VANECK</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>JEAN VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor> PASCAL MAZZOTTI </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>JEAN-FRANÇOIS REMY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>ROBERT ETCHEVERRY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARIO PILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>GEORGES GERET</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE AVRON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>MICHEL GONZALES</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>MAURICE COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>GEORGES RIQUIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN MONDAIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Bernard Laïk</actor>, <actor>Jean-Pierre Maurin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Christiane Oscar</actor>, <actor>Noëlle Vincent.</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Notables</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Daniel Ehrrnann</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Wawer</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Klein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean Dufau</actor>, <actor>Alain Deny</actor>, <actor>Jean-Jacques Leconte</actor>
    <actor>Richard Rein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
 </castList>
</div>
<div n="2">
 <head>Théâtre de la Ville 1971</head>
 <note place="foot" n="2">La pièce a été reprise au Théâtre de la Ville le 22 janvier 1971
   dans une nouvelle mise en scène de Jean Mercure, musique de Marc Wilkinson, scénographie
   et costumes Yannis Kokkos. Elle a été ensuite donnée à partir du 12 juillet dans le
   cadre du 25e Festival d'Avignon, et continuera sa carrière au Théâtre de la Ville à
   partir du 5 novembre 1971 (avec quelques modifications de distribution).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>FRANCINE BERGE </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>ANNIE DUPEREY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>LOUISE CONTE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>
   <actor>ANNE DOAT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>JANDELINE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>ISA MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE SELLAM </actor> ou<actor> VANINA VINITZKY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>JOSE-MARIA FLOTATS</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>MICHEL DE RE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor>MAURICE CHEVIT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>ANDRE VALTIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE MAURIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARCO-PERRIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>LAFLEUR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>BERNARD VERON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>ANGELO BARDI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE NORMAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>JEAN MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN-MARIE BON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>EUGENE BERTHIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
         Augier</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jacques Gaffuri</actor>, <actor>Georges Joannon</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castItem>
   <role>Suivant de Busiris</role>
   <actor>Charles Capezzali</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Un marin</role>
   <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</div>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<div type="act" n="2">
 <head>Act Two</head>
 <div type="scene" n="1">
  <head>Scene One</head>
 </div>
 <div type="scene" n="2">
  <head>Scene Two</head>
 </div>
</div>

<view>

<div type="plan">
 <view> Préfecture - bureau fonctionnaire - intérieur jour <camera>Plan américain</camera>
   d'un fonctionnaire assis derrière un bureau (il est vu de profil), consultant un fichier
   dans une boîte ouverte devant lui. Il sort une fiche et lève la tête. C'est un homme
   d'une quarantaine d'années, un aspect solide, concret, et un air relativement bon
   enfant. Dans son regard, pourtant, on voit passer par moments une lueur froide,
   inquiétante. </view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FONCTIONNAIRE</speaker>
  <p>Robert Klein, vous avez dit ?</p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<div type="shot">
 <view>香港鳳凰衛視台</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>旁白</speaker>
  <p>2008北京奧運的聖火稍後即將傳遞到香港九龍，我們有最新的現場實況直播於您。</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>香港九龍街道。四處是圍觀的群眾。記者站在聖火傳遞路線旁。</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>主持人</speaker>
  <p>大家好，我現在在香港的九龍。 </p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<div type="shot">
 <view>BBC World symbol</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Voice Over</speaker>
  <p>Monty Python's Flying Circus tonight comes to you live
     from the Grillomat Snack Bar, Paignton.</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>Interior of a nasty snack bar. Customers around, preferably
   real people. Linkman sitting at one of the plastic tables.</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Linkman</speaker>
  <p>Hello to you live from the Grillomat Snack Bar.
  </p>
 </sp>
</div>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.1. General Considerations and Overview

<div type="soundbites"
 subtype="conservative" org="composite">
 <div sample="medial"/>
 <div sample="medial"/>
 <div sample="initial"/>
</div>

8.4.4. Prosody

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC <post>

<div type="thread" xml:id="i.10031_19">
 <head>[[WP:AUTO]]</head>
 <post indentLevel="0" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-07T03:09+00" who="#WU00010808" xml:id="cmc_post13">
  <p> I would kindly request from Mr. Meyer to allow others to edit the [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="1" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-08T03:49+00" who="#WU00010804" xml:id="cmc_post14">
  <p>I dont agree, this article is not about Dr. Meyer, [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="2" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-08T04:16+00" who="#WU00005520" xml:id="cmc_post15">
  <p>Why don't you read the policy. [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="3" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-11-01T22:58+00" who="#WU00010815" xml:id="cmc_post16">
  <p>Because the policy makes no sense, [...]</p>
 </post>
</div>

9.4.1. Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<!-- a corpus, collection or dataset of CMC documents -->
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the corpus or CMC dataset-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
<!-- a CMC document such as a chat log or a discussion page -->
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the CMC document -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
   <body>
    <div>
<!-- subdivisions of the CMC document e.g. in sections or threads if applicable-->
     <post>
<!-- one post -->
     </post>
<!-- more posts -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more documents -->
</teiCorpus>

9.4.2. Sequences, Sections, Threads

<div type="thread" n="0">
 <post>...</post>
 <div type="thread" n="1">
  <post> ... </post>
  <post> ... </post>
  <div type="thread" n="2">
<!-- posts -->
  </div>
 </div>
</div>

9.4.2. Sequences, Sections, Threads

<div type="thread" n="0">
 <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post01"
  who="#u7" when-iso="2015-07-29T21:44">
  <p>Es hat den Anschein, ...</p>
 </post>
 <div type="thread" n="1">
  <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post02"
   who="#u8" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:11">
   <p>Nein Nein, an den Handwerkern kann es ...</p>
  </post>
  <div type="thread" n="2">
   <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post03"
    who="#u8" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:26">
    <p>Stahlkunstruktionen dacht ich mal, ....</p>
   </post>
  </div>
 </div>
</div>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <body>: --><div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post05" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="./userList.xml#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<body>
 <div>
  <head>English-French</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>dog</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>horse</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>French-English</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chien</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cheval</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
</body>

11. Manuscript Description

<layout>

<layout streams="3" columns="3"/>
<!-- Further down in document body -->
<div type="page">
 <ab>
  <pb/>
   一二三<cb type="top-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="mid-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="bottom-stream"/>
<!-- cb here for demo purposes -->
 </ab>
</div>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface start="#PB49R">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
<!-- ... -->
   <pb xml:id="PB49R"/>
   <fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<!-- ... -->
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<handNote xml:id="heol"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added gathering" hand="#heol"
  spanTo="#p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

<addSpan>

<handNote xml:id="HEOL"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added_gathering" hand="#HEOL"
  spanTo="#P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

13. Critical Apparatus

<listApp>

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<text>
 <body>
  <div n="WBP" type="prologue">
   <head>The Prologe of the Wyves Tale of Bathe</head>
   <l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
   <l>Were in this world ...</l>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="external"/>
<!-- ... -->
<div n="WBP" type="prologue">
 <head>The Prologe ... </head>
 <l n="1" xml:id="WBP.1">Experience<anchor xml:id="WBP-A2"/> though noon Auctoritee</l>
 <l>Were in this world ...</l>
</div>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<div n="67">
 <p> We now give some examples, from the works of the great masters, of
   some of the most frequently used bowings. </p>
 <figure n="Ex. 3">
  <head>SCHUBERT: Symphony in B minor.</head>
  <notatedMusic>
   <ptr target="example_schubert.xml"/>
  </notatedMusic>
 </figure>
</div>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#CCS1 #SW1"/>
 <link target="#CCS2 #SW2"/>
 <link target="#CCS #SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="SW" xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#fr_CCS1 #fr_SW1"/>
 <link target="#fr_CCS2 #fr_SW2"/>
 <link target="#fr_CCS #fr_SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="fr_CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="fr_CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="fr_CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que
     je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="fr_SW"
 xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="fr_SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="fr_SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly
     that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
</div>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS1 #zh-tw_SW1"/>
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS2 #zh-tw_SW2"/>
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS #zh-tw_SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="zh-tw_CCS">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_CCS1">床前明月光，疑似地上霜；</s>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_CCS2">舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉。</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="zh-tw_SW">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_SW1">月光照的床前一片潔白，看起來像是地上結滿的白霜；</s>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_SW2">抬起頭來，望著明月，低下頭來，思念起故鄉。</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

<div type="chap"
 xml:base="http://classics.mit.edu/">
 <head>On Ancient Persian Manners</head>
 <p>In the very first story of <ref target="Sadi/gulistan.2.i.html">
   <title>The Gulistan of
       Sa'di</title>
  </ref>,
   Sa'di relates moral advice worthy of Miss Minners ...</p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.2.2. Pointing Locally

<div type="section" xml:id="sect106">
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="section" n="107" xml:id="sect107">
 <head>Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use</head>
 <p>Notwithstanding the provisions of
 <ref target="#sect106">section 106</ref>, the fair use of a
   copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies
   or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section,
   for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting,
   teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use),
   scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.
   In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular
   case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall
   include — 
 <list rend="bulleted">
   <item n="(1)">the purpose and character of the use, including
       whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit
       educational purposes;</item>
   <item n="(2)">the nature of the copyrighted work;</item>
   <item n="(3)">the amount and substantiality of the portion
       used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole;
       and</item>
   <item n="(4)">the effect of the use upon the potential market
       for or value of the copyrighted work.</item>
  </list>
   The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a
   finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration
   of all the above factors.</p>
</div>

17.2.4.2. xpath()

<div xml:lang="la" type="edition"
 xml:space="preserve"><ab> <lb n="1" xml:id="line1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied> non <choice><reg>habui</reg><orig>abui</orig></choice> quidquam vaco  <lb n="2"/>si<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>b<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>    cohort<unclear>e</unclear> mi rescribas  <lb n="3"/><unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in <choice><reg>mente</reg><orig>mentem</orig></choice>    <choice><reg>habe</reg><orig>abe</orig></choice> supra res  <lb n="4"/>scriptas<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"
 unit="character"/>  <lb n="5"/>auge et opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas</ab>
</div>

<ab>

<div type="book" n="Genesis">
 <div type="chapter" n="1">
  <ab>In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.</ab>
  <ab>And the earth was without form, and void; and
     darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the
     spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.</ab>
  <ab>And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.</ab>
<!-- ...-->
 </div>
</div>

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<div xml:id="BNC-d1" type="convers">
 <u xml:id="u2b" who="#b"> The first time in twenty five years,
   we've cooked Christmas <unclear> for a blooming great
     load of people.</unclear>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u3a" who="#a">So you're
 <anchor synch="#t1b" xml:id="t1a"/>
  <unclear>
   <anchor synch="#t2b" xml:id="t2a"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u3b" who="#b">
  <anchor xml:id="t1b"/>It will be <anchor xml:id="t2b"/>
   nice in a way, but, <anchor xml:id="t3b"/>
   be strange.<anchor xml:id="t4b"/>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u4a" who="#a">
  <anchor synch="#t3b" xml:id="t3a"/>Yeah
 <anchor synch="#t4b" xml:id="t4a"/>, yeah, cos it, its
 <anchor synch="#t5b" xml:id="t5a"/>the
 <anchor synch="#t6b" xml:id="t6a"/>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u4b" who="#b">
  <anchor xml:id="t5b"/>not<anchor xml:id="t6b"/>
 </u>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:lang="en" type="subsection">
 <p>
  <anchor corresp="#fa1" xml:id="ea1"/>According to our survey, 1988
   sales of mineral water and soft drinks were much higher than in 1987,
   reflecting the growing popularity of these products. Cola drink
   manufacturers in particular achieved above-average growth rates.
 <anchor corresp="#fa2" xml:id="ea2"/>The higher turnover was largely
   due to an increase in the sales volume.
 <anchor corresp="#fa3" xml:id="ea3"/>Employment and investment levels also climbed.
 <anchor corresp="#fa4" xml:id="ea4"/>Following a two-year transitional period,
   the new Foodstuffs Ordinance for Mineral Water came into effect on
   April 1, 1988. Specifically, it contains more stringent requirements
   regarding quality consistency and purity guarantees.</p>
</div>
<div xml:lang="fr" type="subsection">
 <p>
  <anchor corresp="#ea1" xml:id="fa1"/>Quant aux eaux minérales
   et aux limonades, elles rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes. En effet,
   notre sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement supérieures
   à celles de 1987, pour les boissons à base de cola
   notamment. <anchor corresp="#ea2" xml:id="fa2"/>La progression des
   chiffres d'affaires résulte en grande partie de l'accroissement
   du volume des ventes. <anchor corresp="#ea3" xml:id="fa3"/>L'emploi et
   les investissements ont également augmenté.
 <anchor corresp="#ea4" xml:id="fa4"/>La nouvelle ordonnance fédérale
   sur les denrées alimentaires concernant entre autres les eaux
   minérales, entrée en vigueur le 1er avril 1988 après
   une période transitoire de deux ans, exige surtout une plus
   grande constance dans la qualité et une garantie de la
   pureté.</p>
</div>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:id="div-e" xml:lang="en"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e_1">According to our survey, 1988 sales of mineral
     water and soft drinks were much higher than in 1987,
     reflecting the growing popularity of these products. Cola
     drink manufacturers in particular achieved above-average
     growth rates.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_2">The higher turnover was largely due to an
     increase in the sales volume.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_3">Employment and investment levels also climbed.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_4">Following a two-year transitional period, the new
     Foodstuffs Ordinance for Mineral Water came into effect on
     April 1, 1988. Specifically, it contains more stringent
     requirements regarding quality consistency and purity
     guarantees.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="div-f" xml:lang="fr"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="f_1">Quant aux eaux minérales et aux limonades,
     elles rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes. En effet, notre
     sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement
     supérieures à celles de 1987, pour les
     boissons à base de cola notamment.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_2">La progression des chiffres d'affaires
     résulte en grande partie de l'accroissement du volume
     des ventes.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_3">L'emploi et les investissements ont
     également augmenté.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_4">La nouvelle ordonnance fédérale sur
     les denrées alimentaires concernant entre autres les
     eaux minérales, entrée en vigueur le 1er avril
     1988 après une période transitoire de deux
     ans, exige surtout une plus grande constance dans la
     qualité et une garantie de la pureté.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<linkGrp type="alignment"
 domains="#div-e #div-f">
 <link target="#e_1 #f_1"/>
 <link target="#e_2 #f_2"/>
 <link target="#e_3 #f_3"/>
 <link target="#e_4 #f_4"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:id="english" xml:lang="en"
 type="subsection">
 <ab xml:id="english1">
  <s>According to our survey, 1988 sales of mineral water and soft
     drinks were much higher than in 1987, reflecting the growing popularity
     of these products.</s>
  <s>Cola drink manufacturers in particular achieved above-average
     growth rates.</s>
 </ab>
</div>
<div xml:id="french" xml:lang="fr"
 type="subsection">
 <ab xml:id="french1">
  <s xml:id="fs1">Quant aux eaux minérales et aux limonades, elles
     rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes.</s>
  <s xml:id="fs2">En effet, notre sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement
     supérieures à celles de 1987, pour les boissons à
     base de cola notamment.</s>
 </ab>
</div>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<div xml:id="e98" xml:lang="en"
 type="lesson">
 <head>The Study</head>
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e9801">The Study</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9802">is a place</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9803">where a Student,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9804">a part from men,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9805">sitteth alone,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9806">addicted to his Studies,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9807">whilst he readeth</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9808">Books,</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="l98" xml:lang="la"
 type="lesson">
 <head>Muséum</head>
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="l9801">Museum</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9802">est locus</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9803">ubi Studiosus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9804">secretus ab hominibus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9805">solus sedet,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9806">Studiis deditus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9807">dum lectitat</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9808">Libros,</seg>
 </p>
</div>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<div xml:id="E98" xml:lang="en"
 type="lesson">
 <head>The Study</head>
 <ab>The Study</ab>
 <ab>is a place</ab>
 <ab>where a Student,</ab>
</div>
<div xml:id="L98" xml:lang="la"
 type="lesson">
 <head>Muséum</head>
 <ab>Museum</ab>
 <ab>est locus</ab>
 <ab>ubi Studiosus,</ab>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u exclude="#we.sun1" xml:id="we.fun1">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun1" xml:id="we.sun1">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div select="#we.fun2" type="interview">
 <u exclude="#we.sun2" xml:id="we.fun2">We had fun at the beach
   today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun2" xml:id="we.sun2">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u select="#fun3">We had
 <seg exclude="#sun3" xml:id="fun3"
   type="word">fun</seg>
  <seg exclude="#fun3" xml:id="sun3"
   type="word">sun</seg>
   at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u>We had
 <seg select="#id-f" type="word">
   <seg exclude="#id-s" xml:id="id-f"
    type="character">f</seg>
   <seg exclude="#id-f" xml:id="id-s"
    type="character">s</seg>
     un</seg>
   at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
<!-- ... -->
 <u exclude="#we.sun4 #lee.fun4"
  xml:id="we.fun4">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun4 #lee.fun4"
  xml:id="we.sun4">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun4 #we.sun4"
  xml:id="lee.fun4">Lee had fun at the beach today.</u>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div select="#we.fun5 #lee.fun5"
 type="interview">
 <u exclude="#we.sun5 #lee.fun5"
  xml:id="we.fun5">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun5 #lee.fun5"
  xml:id="we.sun5">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun5 #we.sun5"
  xml:id="lee.fun5">Lee had fun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u exclude="#lee.fun6" xml:id="we.fun6">We had fun at the beach
   today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun6" xml:id="lee.fun6">Lee had fun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u xml:id="we.had.fun">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u xml:id="we.had.sun">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
 <link type="exclusiveAlternation"
  target="#we.had.fun #we.had.sun"/>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div xml:id="bm" type="song">
 <l>Her skin is tender as
 <seg xml:id="dm">Dimaggio's</seg>
  <seg xml:id="lt">a leather</seg>
  <seg xml:id="bb">a baseball</seg>
   glove,</l>
 <l xml:id="rl">and she bats from right to left.</l>
 <l xml:id="db">now ain't that too damn bad.</l>
</div>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#dm #lt #bb" mode="excl"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#rl #db" mode="excl"
  weights="0.50 0.50"/>
</altGrp>
<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#dm #rl" weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#lt #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#bb #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#dm #db" weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#lt #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#bb #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

att.global.linking

<group>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t1" xml:lang="mi">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>He Whakamaramatanga mo te Ture Hoko, Riihi hoki, i nga Whenua Maori, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t2" xml:lang="en">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t2-body1"
   corresp="#t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>An Act to regulate the Sale, Letting, and Disposal of Native Lands, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</group>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.1. Words and Above

<div type="stanza">
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Tweedledum and Tweedledee</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">Agreed to have a battle;</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="I">For Tweedledum said <cl part="I">Tweedledee</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">
   <cl part="F">Had spoiled his nice new rattle.</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
</div>
<div type="stanza">
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Just then flew down a monstrous crow,</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">As black as a tar barrel;</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Which frightened both the heroes so,</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">
   <cl>They quite forgot their quarrel.</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
</div>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<div>
 <p>[...]</p>
</div>
<div>
 <certainty locus="name" degree="0.3"
  match=".//persName"/>
</div>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<div>
<!-- ... -->
 <certainty match=".//my:*" locus="value"
  degree="0.9"/>
</div>

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions

<div>
 <head>Element and Attribute Descriptions</head>
 <p>Within the body of a document using this module, the following elements may be used to reference parts of the specification elements
   discussed in section <ptr target="#TDcrystals"/>, in particular the brief prose descriptions these provide for elements and attributes.
 <specList>
   <specDesc key="specList"/>
   <specDesc key="specDesc" atts="atts"/>
  </specList>
 </p>
 <p>TEI practice recommends that a <gi>specList</gi> listing the elements under … </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<egXML>

<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>
</egXML>

<div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>

23.2. Modules and Schemas

<div>
 <head>An overview of the imaginary module</head>
 <p>The imaginary module contains declarations for coloured things: <specGrpRef target="#RED"/>
  <specGrpRef target="#BLUE"/>
 </p>
</div>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

<div
   xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
<!-- ... -->
 <p n="12" my:topic="rabbits">Flopsy, Mopsy, Cottontail, and Peter...</p>
</div>

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<div1>

<div1> (level-1 text division) contains a first-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. Numbered Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.divLike

@org

@sample

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.div1Like

Contained by

textstructure: back body front

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc divGen ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition schemaSpec specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div2 docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

any sequence of low-level structural elements, possibly grouped into lower subdivisions.

Example

<div1 xml:id="levi" n="I" type="part">
 <head>Part I: Of Man </head>
 <div2 xml:id="levi1" n="1" type="chapter">
  <head>Chap. I. Of Sense </head>
  <p>Concerning the Thoughts of man... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 xml:id="levii" n="II" type="part">
 <head>Part II: Of Common-Wealth</head>
</div1>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <alternate>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <alternate>
      <classRef key="model.div2Like"/>
      <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
     </alternate>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
    <sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate minOccurs="1"
       maxOccurs="1">
       <elementRef key="schemaSpec"/>
       <classRef key="model.common"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="0"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate>
       <classRef key="model.div2Like"/>
       <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
    </sequence>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element div1
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.divLike.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      (
         (
            (
               ( ( ( model.div2Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )+ )
             | (
                  ( ( ( schemaSpec | model.common ), model.global* )+ ),
                  ( ( ( model.div2Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )* )
               )
            ),
            ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
         )?
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <div1> (level-1 text division)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <div1> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <div1> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

<div1 xml:id="SEC12">
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>青年守則</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">守則一至五條包括八德：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">一、忠勇為愛國之本 。</item>
    <item n="1.2">二、服從為負責之本。</item>
    <item n="1.3">三、孝順為齊家之本。</item>
    <item n="1.4">四、勤儉為服務之本。</item>
    <item n="1.5">五、仁愛為接物之本。</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">六至九條意指四維：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">六、整潔為強身之本。</item>
    <item n="2.2">七、信義為立業之本。</item>
    <item n="2.3">八、助人為快樂之本。</item>
    <item n="2.4">九、和平為處世之本</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">十至十二條就是三達德：<list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">十、學問為濟世之本。</item>
    <item n="3.2">十一、禮節為治事之本。</item>
    <item n="3.3">十二、有恆為成功之本。</item>
   </list>
  </item>
 </list>
</div1>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>Athelstan's Ordinance</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Concerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with
     the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over
     eightpence.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his
         wergild — and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account — or to
         clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
    <item n="1.2">If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is
         not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve].</item>
    <item n="1.3">If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may
         then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him
         that he will desist for ever.</item>
    <item n="1.4">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         or to bring him back there.</item>
    <item n="1.5">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who
         supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom
     no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a
     person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day,
         he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him
         down as a thief.</item>
    <item n="2.2">And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild
         or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds
     his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and
     120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as
     often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had
     refused him justice.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes
         known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first
         occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns.</item>
    <item n="3.2">And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been
         an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="4">Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to
     a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is
     afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal.</item>
 </list>
</div1>

<list>

<div1 type="section">
 <head>Athelstan's Ordinance</head>
 <list rend="numbered">
  <item n="1">Concerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with
     the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over
     eightpence.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="1.1">And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his
         wergild — and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account — or to
         clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
    <item n="1.2">If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is
         not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve].</item>
    <item n="1.3">If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may
         then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him
         that he will desist for ever.</item>
    <item n="1.4">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         or to bring him back there.</item>
    <item n="1.5">And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild,
         whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who
         supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="2">Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom
     no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a
     person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="2.1">And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day,
         he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him
         down as a thief.</item>
    <item n="2.2">And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild
         or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="3">Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds
     his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and
     120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as
     often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had
     refused him justice.
  <list rend="numbered">
    <item n="3.1">And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes
         known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first
         occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns.</item>
    <item n="3.2">And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been
         an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same.</item>
   </list>
  </item>
  <item n="4">Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to
     a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is
     afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal.</item>
 </list>
</div1>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>三國演義</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>第一回 宴桃園豪杰三結義 斬黃巾英雄首立功</head>
  <p>滾滾長江東逝水，浪花淘盡英雄。是非成敗轉頭空。 青山依舊在，几度夕陽紅。 白發漁樵江渚上，慣看秋月春風。一壺濁酒喜相逢。古今多少事，都付笑談中。</p>
  <p>話說天下大勢，分久必合，合久必分。周末七國分爭，并入于秦。...</p>
  <trailer>三人救了董卓回寨。卓問三人現居何職。玄德曰：白身。...畢竟董卓性命如何，且听下文分解。</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 n="1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2" type="book">
  <div3 n="1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
  <div3 n="2" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 n="10" type="poem">
   <l n="1"> ... </l>
   <l n="2"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
   <l n="7"> ... </l>
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 n="Amores 1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 n="Amores 2" type="book">
  <div3 n="Amores 2.1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 n="Amores 2.10" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
   <l n="Amores 2.10.7"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 xml:id="am.1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 xml:id="am.2" type="book">
  <div3 xml:id="am.2.1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 xml:id="am.2.10" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
   <l xml:id="am.2.10.7"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <milestone unit="part" n="1"/>
  <div1 n="1" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="3" type="chapter">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="part" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

3.11.3. Milestone Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="1" type="part">
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="1"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="2"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="3"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
  <div1 n="2" type="part">
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
   <milestone unit="chapter" n="4"/>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="Act">
 <head>ACT I</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="Scene">
  <head>SCENE I</head>
  <stage rend="italic">Enter Barnardo and Francisco,
     two Sentinels, at several doors</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="Y">Who's there?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="I">Long live the King!</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l part="M">Barnardo?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="F">He.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>You come most carefully upon your hour.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l>'Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>For this relief much thanks. 'Tis bitter cold,</l>
   <l part="I">And I am sick at heart.</l>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting">A tempestuous
     noise of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter
     a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall
       too't, yarely, or we run our selues a ground,
       bestirre, bestirre. <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare,
       yare: Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle:
       Blow till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

4. Default Text Structure

4.1.2. Numbered Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="part" n="1">
  <div2 type="chapter" n="1">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 1 -->
  </div2>
  <div2 type="chapter" n="2">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 2 -->
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="part" n="2">
  <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 1 -->
  </div2>
  <div2 n="2" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 2 -->
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

<div1>

<div1 xml:id="levi" n="I" type="part">
 <head>Part I: Of Man </head>
 <div2 xml:id="levi1" n="1" type="chapter">
  <head>Chap. I. Of Sense </head>
  <p>Concerning the Thoughts of man... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 xml:id="levii" n="II" type="part">
 <head>Part II: Of Common-Wealth</head>
</div1>

<div1>

<div1 n="1" type="livre">
 <head>livre premier</head>
 <div2 n="I" type="chapitre">
  <head>La Grand'salle</head>
  <p>Il y a aujourd'hui trois cent quarante-huit ans six mois et dix-neuf jours que les
     parisiens s'éveillèrent au bruit de toutes les cloches sonnant à grande volée dans la
     triple enceinte de la Cité, de l'Université et de la Ville. </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 n="2" type="livre">
 <head>livre deuxième</head>
 <div2 n="I" type="chapitre">
  <head>De Charybde en Scylla </head>
  <p>La nuit arrive de bonne heure en janvier. Les rues étaient déjà sombres quand
     Gringoire sortit du Palais.</p>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div1>

<div1 xml:id="zh-tw_levi" n="I" type="part">
 <head>第一部：陰錯陽差</head>
 <div2 xml:id="zh-tw_levi1" n="1"
  type="chapter">
  <head>第一章</head>
  <p>乾隆年間，北京。紫薇帶著丫頭金瑣，來到北京已經快一個月了。.. </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 xml:id="zh-tw_levii" n="II"
 type="part">
 <head>第二部: 水深火熱</head>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="2" type="part">
 <head>The Second Partition:
   The Cure of Melancholy</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>Unlawful Cures rejected.</head>
    <p>Inveterate melancholy, howsoever it may seem to
         be a continuate, inexorable disease, hard to be
         cured, accompanying them to their graves most part
         (as <ref target="#a">Montanus</ref> observes), yet many
         times it may be helped...
    </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. III. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="II" type="chapitre">
 <head>Chapitre II. Traitement électronique des données en histoire de la littérature
   française : bilan provisoire</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="subsection">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="article">
    <head>Les objectifs</head>
    <p>Chaque étudiant est convié à parcourir la banque à partir des différentes entrées
         liées au cours magistral qu'il suit en amphithéâtre...</p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. II. Subsection I. Exploitation pédagogique de la BDHL</head>
   <p>Pour la plupart des étudiants en Lettres des générations précédentes, un
       enseignement de l'histoire de la littérature allait de soi... </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. III. Subsection I. Etudes permises par la BDHL</head>
   <p>L'existence d'une banque de données, quelle qu'elle soit, permet d'envisager des
       traitements statistiques. </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="3" type="part">
 <head>第三章：對話性—文化理論的基石</head>
 <div2 n="3.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="3.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>歷史、社會與佛洛伊德主義</head>
    <p>《述評》開宗明義，運用歷史唯物主義的觀點，批判佛洛伊德主義的反歷史和反社會傾向。巴赫汀指出... </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
   <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
   <p>在二○年代的蘇聯文藝界，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.3.1" type="member">
   <head>建立馬克思主義和社會學詩學</head>
   <p>《社會學詩學》是巴赫汀對話美學的一個目標，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Indices</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="NAMES"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="THINGS"/>
 </div1>
</back>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Bibliographie</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Indices</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="NAMES"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="THINGS"/>
 </div1>
</back>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>參考書目</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>索引</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="人名"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="事物"/>
 </div1>
</back>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<div1 type="book" n="I" xml:id="JA0100">
 <head>Book I.</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0101">
  <head>Of writing lives in general, and particularly of Pamela, with a word
     by the bye of Colley Cibber and others.</head>
  <p>It is a trite but true observation, that examples work more forcibly on
     the mind than precepts: ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 1 here -->
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0102">
  <head>Of Mr. Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great
     endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors.</head>
  <p>Mr. Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to
     be the only son of Gaffar and Gammar Andrews, and brother to the
     illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 2 here -->
 </div2>
<!-- remaining chapters of Book 1 here -->
 <trailer>The end of the first Book</trailer>
</div1>
<div1 type="book" n="II" xml:id="JA0200">
 <head>Book II</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0201">
  <head>Of divisions in authors</head>
  <p>There are certain mysteries or secrets in all trades, from the highest
     to the lowest, from that of <term>prime-ministering</term>, to this of
  <term>authoring</term>, which are seldom discovered unless to members of
     the same calling ... </p>
  <p>I will dismiss this chapter with the following observation: that it
     becomes an author generally to divide a book, as it does a butcher to
     joint his meat, for such assistance is of great help to both the reader
     and the carver. And now having indulged myself a little I will endeavour
     to indulge the curiosity of my reader, who is no doubt impatient to know
     what he will find in the subsequent chapters of this book.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0202">
  <head>A surprising instance of Mr. Adams's short memory, with the
     unfortunate consequences which it brought on Joseph.
  </head>
  <p>Mr. Adams and Joseph were now ready to depart different ways ... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body>
 <div1 type="entry" n="1">
  <div2 type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="entry" n="2">
  <div2 type="morning" n="2.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="afternoon" n="2.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
 </div1>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

<div1 type="storylist" org="composite">
 <head>News in brief</head>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Police deny <soCalled>losing</soCalled> bomb</head>
  <p>Scotland Yard yesterday denied claims in the Sunday
     Express that anti-terrorist officers trailing an IRA van
     loaded with explosives in north London had lost track of
     it 10 days ago.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Hotel blaze</head>
  <p>Nearly 200 guests were evacuated before dawn
     yesterday after fire broke out at the Scandic
     Crown hotel in the Royal Mile, Edinburgh.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Test match split</head>
  <p>Test Match Special next summer will be split
     between Radio 5 and Radio 3, after protests this
     year that it disrupted Radio 3's music schedule.</p>
 </div2>
</div1>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div1 n="Etym">
 <head>Etymology</head>
 <head>(Supplied by a late consumptive usher to a
   grammar school)</head>
 <p>The pale Usher — threadbare in coat, heart,
   body and brain; I see him now. He was ever
   dusting his old lexicons and grammars, ...</p>
</div1>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.5. Front Matter

<front>
 <div1 type="incipit">
  <p>Here bygynniþ a book of contemplacyon, þe whiche
     is clepyd <title>þE CLOWDE OF VNKNOWYNG</title>,
     in þe whiche a soule is onyd wiþ GOD.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="prayer">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe preyer on þe prologe.</head>
  <p>God, unto whom alle hertes ben open, &amp; unto whome alle wille
     spekiþ, &amp; unto whom no priue þing is hid: I beseche
     þee so for to clense þe entent of myn hert wiþ þe
     unspekable 3ift of þi grace, þat I may parfiteliche
     loue þee &amp; worþilich preise þee. Amen.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="preface">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe prolog.</head>
  <p>In þe name of þe Fader &amp; of þe Sone &amp;
     of þe Holy Goost.</p>
  <p>I charge þee &amp; I beseeche þee, wiþ as moche
     power &amp; vertewe as þe bonde of charite is sufficient
     to suffre, what-so-euer þou be þat þis book schalt
     haue in possession ...</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="contents">
  <head>Here biginneþ a table of þe chapitres.</head>
  <list>
   <label>þe first chapitre </label>
   <item>Of foure degrees of Cristen mens leuing; &amp; of þe
       cours of his cleping þat þis book was maad vnto.</item>
   <label>þe secound chapitre</label>
   <item>A schort stering to meeknes &amp; to þe werk of þis
       book</item>
   <label>þe fiue and seuenti chapitre</label>
   <item>Of somme certein tokenes bi þe whiche a man may proue
       wheþer he be clepid of God to worche in þis werk.</item>
  </list>
  <trailer>&amp; here eendeþ þe table of þe chapitres.</trailer>
 </div1>
</front>

<back>

<back>
 <div1 type="appendix">
  <head>臺灣現代詩論戰史資料彙編</head>
  <p>現代詩論戰史第一階段</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="epistle">
  <head>白先勇致瘂弦洛夫</head>
  <salute>您好，</salute>
  <p>您的副本我已使用完畢，可以歸還了，麻煩您。</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>本論文提及的專書，可於台灣各大書店詢問訂購。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">陳芳明《詩與現實》，台北：洪範，1983。</item>
   <item n="2">洛夫《詩人之鏡》，台北：大業，1969。</item>
   <item n="42">廖炳惠《回顧現代》，台北：麥田，1994。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>
   <hi rend="center">詩集、詩選</hi>也可於網路書店購得。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">余光中《天狼星》，台北：洪範，1976。</item>
   <item n="2">席慕蓉著《無怨的青春》，台北，大地，1983。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
</back>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="scene" n="1">
  <head>Night—Faust's Study (i)</head>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="scene" n="2">
  <head>Outside the City Gate</head>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="act" n="1">
  <head>Act One</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <stage>Pa Ubu, Ma Ubu</stage>
   <sp>
    <speaker>Pa Ubu</speaker>
    <p>Pschitt!</p>
   </sp>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <stage>A room in Pa Ubu's house, where a magnificent
       collation is set out</stage>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="act" n="2">
  <head>Act Two</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <head>Scene One</head>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <head>Scene Two</head>
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<div1 n="1" type="act">
 <stage type="setting">
  <p>Scene. — A room furnished comfortably and
     tastefully but not extravagantly ...
     The floor is carpeted and a fire burns in the stove.
     It is winter.</p>
  <p>A bell rings in the hall; shortly afterwards the
     door is heard to open. Enter NORA humming a tune ...</p>
 </stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Nora</speaker>
  <p>Hide the Christmas Tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the
     children do not see it till this evening, when it is
     dressed. <stage type="delivery">To the PORTER taking
       out her purse</stage> How much?</p>
 </sp>
</div1>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<div1 n="4" type="act">
 <div2 n="5" type="scene">
  <stage>Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
  <stage type="setting">Enter Ophelia, distracted.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Where is the beauteous Majesty of Denmark?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <stage>Singing</stage>
   <lg next="#Tl2" xml:id="Tl1" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
    <l>From another one?</l>
    <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
    <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
   </lg>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
   <stage>Sings</stage>
   <lg prev="#Tl1" xml:id="Tl2" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
    <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
    <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
    <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
   </lg>
   <p>O, ho!</p>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<div1 type="chapter" xml:id="CHAP1">
<!-- ... -->
</div1>
<div1 type="chapter" xml:id="CHAP2">
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

16. Language Corpora

16.3.2. Declarable Elements

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="D1"/>
  <div1 n="D2" decls="#CorPol2"/>
  <div1 n="D3"/>
 </body>
</text>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>The First Book of Moses, Called</head>
 <head type="main">Genesis</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <ab n="1">In the beginning God created the heaven and the
     earth.</ab>
  <ab n="2">And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness
  <hi>was</hi> upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God
     moved upon the face of the waters.</ab>
  <ab n="3">And God said, Let there be light: and there was
     light.</ab>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>Das Erste Buch Mose.</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <p>
   <seg n="1">Am Anfang schuff Gott Himel vnd Erden.</seg>
   <seg n="2">Vnd die Erde war wüst vnd leer / vnd es war
       finster auff der Tieffe / Vnd der Geist Gottes schwebet auff
       dem Wasser.</seg>
  </p>
  <p>
   <seg n="3">Vnd Gott sprach / Es werde Liecht / Vnd es ward
       Liecht.</seg>
  </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting"> A tempestuous noise of
     Thunder and Lightning heard:
     Enter a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall too't, yarely,
       or we run our selues a ground, bestirre, bestirre.
   <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare, yare:
       Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle: Blow
       till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.7. Aggregation

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

17.8. Alternation

<body>
 <div1 xml:id="C1">
  <div2 xml:id="C1S3" exclude="#C2S1"/>
 </div1>
 <div1 xml:id="C2">
  <div2 xml:id="C2S1" copyOf="#C1S3"
   exclude="#C1S3"/>
 </div1>
</body>

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<div2>

<div2> (level-2 text division) contains a second-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. Numbered Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.divLike

@org

@sample

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.div2Like

Contained by

textstructure: div1

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc divGen ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition schemaSpec specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div3 docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

any sequence of low-level structural elements, possibly grouped into lower subdivisions.

Example

<div1 n="2" type="part">
 <head>The Second Partition:
   The Cure of Melancholy</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>Unlawful Cures rejected.</head>
    <p>Inveterate melancholy, howsoever it may seem to
         be a continuate, inexorable disease, hard to be
         cured, accompanying them to their graves most part
         (as <ref target="#a">Montanus</ref> observes), yet many
         times it may be helped...
    </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. III. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <alternate>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <alternate>
      <classRef key="model.div3Like"/>
      <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
     </alternate>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
    <sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate minOccurs="1"
       maxOccurs="1">
       <elementRef key="schemaSpec"/>
       <classRef key="model.common"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="0"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate>
       <classRef key="model.div3Like"/>
       <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
    </sequence>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element div2
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.divLike.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      (
         (
            (
               ( ( ( model.div3Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )+ )
             | (
                  ( ( ( schemaSpec | model.common ), model.global* )+ ),
                  ( ( ( model.div3Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )* )
               )
            ),
            ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
         )?
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <div2> (level-2 text division)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <div2> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <div2> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>三國演義</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>第一回 宴桃園豪杰三結義 斬黃巾英雄首立功</head>
  <p>滾滾長江東逝水，浪花淘盡英雄。是非成敗轉頭空。 青山依舊在，几度夕陽紅。 白發漁樵江渚上，慣看秋月春風。一壺濁酒喜相逢。古今多少事，都付笑談中。</p>
  <p>話說天下大勢，分久必合，合久必分。周末七國分爭，并入于秦。...</p>
  <trailer>三人救了董卓回寨。卓問三人現居何職。玄德曰：白身。...畢竟董卓性命如何，且听下文分解。</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 n="1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2" type="book">
  <div3 n="1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
  <div3 n="2" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 n="10" type="poem">
   <l n="1"> ... </l>
   <l n="2"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
   <l n="7"> ... </l>
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 n="Amores 1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 n="Amores 2" type="book">
  <div3 n="Amores 2.1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 n="Amores 2.10" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
   <l n="Amores 2.10.7"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 xml:id="am.1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 xml:id="am.2" type="book">
  <div3 xml:id="am.2.1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 xml:id="am.2.10" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
   <l xml:id="am.2.10.7"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div2 n="I.2" type="scene">
 <head>Scene 2.</head>
 <stage type="setting">Peachum, Filch.</stage>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Sir, Black Moll hath sent word her Trial comes on in
     the Afternoon, and she hopes you will order Matters
     so as to bring her off.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>PEACHUM.</speaker>
  <p>Why, she may plead her Belly at worst; to my
     Knowledge she hath taken care of that Security.
     But, as the Wench is very active and industrious,
     you may satisfy her that I'll soften the Evidence.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FILCH.</speaker>
  <p>Tom Gagg, sir, is found guilty.</p>
 </sp>
</div2>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="Act">
 <head>ACT I</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="Scene">
  <head>SCENE I</head>
  <stage rend="italic">Enter Barnardo and Francisco,
     two Sentinels, at several doors</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="Y">Who's there?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="I">Long live the King!</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l part="M">Barnardo?</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l part="F">He.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>You come most carefully upon your hour.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Barn</speaker>
   <l>'Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco.</l>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Fran</speaker>
   <l>For this relief much thanks. 'Tis bitter cold,</l>
   <l part="I">And I am sick at heart.</l>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting">A tempestuous
     noise of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter
     a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall
       too't, yarely, or we run our selues a ground,
       bestirre, bestirre. <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare,
       yare: Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle:
       Blow till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

4. Default Text Structure

4.1.2. Numbered Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="part" n="1">
  <div2 type="chapter" n="1">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 1 -->
  </div2>
  <div2 type="chapter" n="2">
<!-- text of part 1, chapter 2 -->
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="part" n="2">
  <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 1 -->
  </div2>
  <div2 n="2" type="chapter">
<!-- text of part 2, chapter 2 -->
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

<div1>

<div1 xml:id="levi" n="I" type="part">
 <head>Part I: Of Man </head>
 <div2 xml:id="levi1" n="1" type="chapter">
  <head>Chap. I. Of Sense </head>
  <p>Concerning the Thoughts of man... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 xml:id="levii" n="II" type="part">
 <head>Part II: Of Common-Wealth</head>
</div1>

<div1>

<div1 n="1" type="livre">
 <head>livre premier</head>
 <div2 n="I" type="chapitre">
  <head>La Grand'salle</head>
  <p>Il y a aujourd'hui trois cent quarante-huit ans six mois et dix-neuf jours que les
     parisiens s'éveillèrent au bruit de toutes les cloches sonnant à grande volée dans la
     triple enceinte de la Cité, de l'Université et de la Ville. </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 n="2" type="livre">
 <head>livre deuxième</head>
 <div2 n="I" type="chapitre">
  <head>De Charybde en Scylla </head>
  <p>La nuit arrive de bonne heure en janvier. Les rues étaient déjà sombres quand
     Gringoire sortit du Palais.</p>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div1>

<div1 xml:id="zh-tw_levi" n="I" type="part">
 <head>第一部：陰錯陽差</head>
 <div2 xml:id="zh-tw_levi1" n="1"
  type="chapter">
  <head>第一章</head>
  <p>乾隆年間，北京。紫薇帶著丫頭金瑣，來到北京已經快一個月了。.. </p>
 </div2>
</div1>
<div1 xml:id="zh-tw_levii" n="II"
 type="part">
 <head>第二部: 水深火熱</head>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="2" type="part">
 <head>The Second Partition:
   The Cure of Melancholy</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>Unlawful Cures rejected.</head>
    <p>Inveterate melancholy, howsoever it may seem to
         be a continuate, inexorable disease, hard to be
         cured, accompanying them to their graves most part
         (as <ref target="#a">Montanus</ref> observes), yet many
         times it may be helped...
    </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. III. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="II" type="chapitre">
 <head>Chapitre II. Traitement électronique des données en histoire de la littérature
   française : bilan provisoire</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="subsection">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="article">
    <head>Les objectifs</head>
    <p>Chaque étudiant est convié à parcourir la banque à partir des différentes entrées
         liées au cours magistral qu'il suit en amphithéâtre...</p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. II. Subsection I. Exploitation pédagogique de la BDHL</head>
   <p>Pour la plupart des étudiants en Lettres des générations précédentes, un
       enseignement de l'histoire de la littérature allait de soi... </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. III. Subsection I. Etudes permises par la BDHL</head>
   <p>L'existence d'une banque de données, quelle qu'elle soit, permet d'envisager des
       traitements statistiques. </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="3" type="part">
 <head>第三章：對話性—文化理論的基石</head>
 <div2 n="3.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="3.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>歷史、社會與佛洛伊德主義</head>
    <p>《述評》開宗明義，運用歷史唯物主義的觀點，批判佛洛伊德主義的反歷史和反社會傾向。巴赫汀指出... </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
   <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
   <p>在二○年代的蘇聯文藝界，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.3.1" type="member">
   <head>建立馬克思主義和社會學詩學</head>
   <p>《社會學詩學》是巴赫汀對話美學的一個目標，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div3>

<div2 n="2.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
  <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.2" type="member">
  <head>Memb. II Retention and Evacuation rectified.</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="member">
  <head>Memb. III Ayr rectified. With a digression of the Ayr.</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div3>

<div2 n="2.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. I Dictionnaires. </head>
  <p> C'est un recueil de mots rangés dans un ordre convenu...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.2" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. II. Qu'est-ce qu'un dictionnaire de langue ? .</head>
  <p>Un dictionnaire de langue est un dictionnaire donnant les mots d'une langue et leurs
     emplois...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. III. Qu'est-ce qu'un dictionnaire encyclopédique ? </head>
  <p>Un dictionnaire encyclopédique est un dictionnaire qui contient des renseignements
     sur les choses, sur les idées </p>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div3>

<div2 n="3.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
  <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
  <p>在二○年代的蘇聯文藝界，...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="3.2.2" type="member">
  <head>交流：藝術話語與生活話語的共性</head>
  <p>林林總總的文理理論圍繞著作者、作品和讀者的關係問題，...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="member">
  <head>言談和音調</head>
  <p>在這裡，巴赫汀為言談做了一個大膽的定義：...</p>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div5>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Apple soup</head>
   <div5>
    <head>Ingredients</head>
    <list>
     <item>2 lbs. of good boiling apples,</item>
     <item>3/4 teaspoonful of white pepper,</item>
     <item>6 cloves,</item>
     <item>cayenne or ginger to taste,</item>
     <item>3 quarts of medium stock</item>
    </list>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Mode</head>
    <p>Peel and quarter the apples taking out their cores; put them into
         the stock, stew them gently till tender, Rub the whole through a
         strainer, add the seasoning. give it one boil up, and serve.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Time</head>
    <p>1 hour.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Average cost</head>
    <p>per quart, 1s.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Seasonable</head>
    <p>from September to December.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Sufficient</head>
    <p> for 10 persons</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>The apple</head>
    <p>This useful fruit is mentioned in Holy Writ; and Homer describes it
         as valuable in his time... As a food, the apple cannot be considered
         to rank high, as more than the half of it consists of water, and
         the rest of its properties are not the most nourishing. It is
         however a useful adjunct to other kinds of food, and, when cooked, is
         esteemed as slightly laxative.</p>
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Artichoke (Jerusalem) soup</head>
   <p>...</p>
  </div4>
<!-- other recipes here -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div6>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
    <div6>
     <head>Ingredients</head>
     <list>
      <item>4 lbs of shin of beef,</item>
      <item>4 lbs of knuckle of veal,</item>
<!-- ... -->
      <item>4 quarts of water</item>
     </list>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Mode</head>
     <p>Line a delicately clean stewpan... Strain through a very
           fine hair sieve, or tammy, and it will be fit for use</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Time</head>
     <p>5 hours.</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Average cost</head>
     <p>1s 3d. per quart</p>
    </div6>
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
<!-- ... -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div7>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<div1 type="book" n="I" xml:id="JA0100">
 <head>Book I.</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0101">
  <head>Of writing lives in general, and particularly of Pamela, with a word
     by the bye of Colley Cibber and others.</head>
  <p>It is a trite but true observation, that examples work more forcibly on
     the mind than precepts: ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 1 here -->
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0102">
  <head>Of Mr. Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great
     endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors.</head>
  <p>Mr. Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to
     be the only son of Gaffar and Gammar Andrews, and brother to the
     illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 2 here -->
 </div2>
<!-- remaining chapters of Book 1 here -->
 <trailer>The end of the first Book</trailer>
</div1>
<div1 type="book" n="II" xml:id="JA0200">
 <head>Book II</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0201">
  <head>Of divisions in authors</head>
  <p>There are certain mysteries or secrets in all trades, from the highest
     to the lowest, from that of <term>prime-ministering</term>, to this of
  <term>authoring</term>, which are seldom discovered unless to members of
     the same calling ... </p>
  <p>I will dismiss this chapter with the following observation: that it
     becomes an author generally to divide a book, as it does a butcher to
     joint his meat, for such assistance is of great help to both the reader
     and the carver. And now having indulged myself a little I will endeavour
     to indulge the curiosity of my reader, who is no doubt impatient to know
     what he will find in the subsequent chapters of this book.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0202">
  <head>A surprising instance of Mr. Adams's short memory, with the
     unfortunate consequences which it brought on Joseph.
  </head>
  <p>Mr. Adams and Joseph were now ready to depart different ways ... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<body>
 <div1 type="entry" n="1">
  <div2 type="morning" n="1.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="afternoon" n="1.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="entry" n="2">
  <div2 type="morning" n="2.1">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="afternoon" n="2.2">
   <p>[...]</p>
  </div2>
 </div1>
<!-- ...-->
</body>

4.1.4. Partial and Composite Divisions

<div1 type="storylist" org="composite">
 <head>News in brief</head>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Police deny <soCalled>losing</soCalled> bomb</head>
  <p>Scotland Yard yesterday denied claims in the Sunday
     Express that anti-terrorist officers trailing an IRA van
     loaded with explosives in north London had lost track of
     it 10 days ago.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Hotel blaze</head>
  <p>Nearly 200 guests were evacuated before dawn
     yesterday after fire broke out at the Scandic
     Crown hotel in the Royal Mile, Edinburgh.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="story">
  <head>Test match split</head>
  <p>Test Match Special next summer will be split
     between Radio 5 and Radio 3, after protests this
     year that it disrupted Radio 3's music schedule.</p>
 </div2>
</div1>

7. Performance Texts

7.2.1. Major Structural Divisions

<body>
 <div1 type="act" n="1">
  <head>Act One</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <stage>Pa Ubu, Ma Ubu</stage>
   <sp>
    <speaker>Pa Ubu</speaker>
    <p>Pschitt!</p>
   </sp>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <stage>A room in Pa Ubu's house, where a magnificent
       collation is set out</stage>
  </div2>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="act" n="2">
  <head>Act Two</head>
  <div2 type="scene" n="1">
   <head>Scene One</head>
  </div2>
  <div2 type="scene" n="2">
   <head>Scene Two</head>
  </div2>
 </div1>
</body>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<div1 n="4" type="act">
 <div2 n="5" type="scene">
  <stage>Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
  <stage type="setting">Enter Ophelia, distracted.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Where is the beauteous Majesty of Denmark?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <stage>Singing</stage>
   <lg next="#Tl2" xml:id="Tl1" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
    <l>From another one?</l>
    <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
    <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
   </lg>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Queen</speaker>
   <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
   <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
   <stage>Sings</stage>
   <lg prev="#Tl1" xml:id="Tl2" type="song"
    part="Y">
    <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
    <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
    <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
    <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
   </lg>
   <p>O, ho!</p>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>The First Book of Moses, Called</head>
 <head type="main">Genesis</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <ab n="1">In the beginning God created the heaven and the
     earth.</ab>
  <ab n="2">And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness
  <hi>was</hi> upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God
     moved upon the face of the waters.</ab>
  <ab n="3">And God said, Let there be light: and there was
     light.</ab>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>Das Erste Buch Mose.</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <p>
   <seg n="1">Am Anfang schuff Gott Himel vnd Erden.</seg>
   <seg n="2">Vnd die Erde war wüst vnd leer / vnd es war
       finster auff der Tieffe / Vnd der Geist Gottes schwebet auff
       dem Wasser.</seg>
  </p>
  <p>
   <seg n="3">Vnd Gott sprach / Es werde Liecht / Vnd es ward
       Liecht.</seg>
  </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting"> A tempestuous noise of
     Thunder and Lightning heard:
     Enter a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall too't, yarely,
       or we run our selues a ground, bestirre, bestirre.
   <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare, yare:
       Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle: Blow
       till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.8. Alternation

<body>
 <div1 xml:id="C1">
  <div2 xml:id="C1S3" exclude="#C2S1"/>
 </div1>
 <div1 xml:id="C2">
  <div2 xml:id="C2S1" copyOf="#C1S3"
   exclude="#C1S3"/>
 </div1>
</body>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<div3>

<div3> (level-3 text division) contains a third-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. Numbered Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.divLike

@org

@sample

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.div3Like

Contained by

textstructure: div2

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc divGen ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition schemaSpec specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div4 docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

any sequence of low-level structural elements, possibly grouped into lower subdivisions.

Example

<div2 n="2.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
  <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.2" type="member">
  <head>Memb. II Retention and Evacuation rectified.</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="member">
  <head>Memb. III Ayr rectified. With a digression of the Ayr.</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
</div2>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <alternate>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <alternate>
      <classRef key="model.div4Like"/>
      <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
     </alternate>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
    <sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate minOccurs="1"
       maxOccurs="1">
       <elementRef key="schemaSpec"/>
       <classRef key="model.common"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="0"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate>
       <classRef key="model.div4Like"/>
       <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
    </sequence>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element div3
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.divLike.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      (
         (
            (
               ( ( ( model.div4Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )+ )
             | (
                  ( ( ( schemaSpec | model.common ), model.global* )+ ),
                  ( ( ( model.div4Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )* )
               )
            ),
            ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
         )?
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <div3> (level-3 text division)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <div3> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <div3> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 n="1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2" type="book">
  <div3 n="1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
  <div3 n="2" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 n="10" type="poem">
   <l n="1"> ... </l>
   <l n="2"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
   <l n="7"> ... </l>
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 n="Amores 1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 n="Amores 2" type="book">
  <div3 n="Amores 2.1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 n="Amores 2.10" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
   <l n="Amores 2.10.7"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

3.11.1. Using the xml:id and n Attributes

<div1 n="Amores" type="volume">
 <div2 xml:id="am.1" type="book">
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
 <div2 xml:id="am.2" type="book">
  <div3 xml:id="am.2.1" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
  <div3 xml:id="am.2.10" type="poem">
<!-- ... -->
   <l xml:id="am.2.10.7"> ... </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </div3>
<!-- ... -->
 </div2>
<!-- ... -->
</div1>

4. Default Text Structure

<div2>

<div1 n="2" type="part">
 <head>The Second Partition:
   The Cure of Melancholy</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>Unlawful Cures rejected.</head>
    <p>Inveterate melancholy, howsoever it may seem to
         be a continuate, inexorable disease, hard to be
         cured, accompanying them to their graves most part
         (as <ref target="#a">Montanus</ref> observes), yet many
         times it may be helped...
    </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. III. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="II" type="chapitre">
 <head>Chapitre II. Traitement électronique des données en histoire de la littérature
   française : bilan provisoire</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="subsection">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="article">
    <head>Les objectifs</head>
    <p>Chaque étudiant est convié à parcourir la banque à partir des différentes entrées
         liées au cours magistral qu'il suit en amphithéâtre...</p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. II. Subsection I. Exploitation pédagogique de la BDHL</head>
   <p>Pour la plupart des étudiants en Lettres des générations précédentes, un
       enseignement de l'histoire de la littérature allait de soi... </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. III. Subsection I. Etudes permises par la BDHL</head>
   <p>L'existence d'une banque de données, quelle qu'elle soit, permet d'envisager des
       traitements statistiques. </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="3" type="part">
 <head>第三章：對話性—文化理論的基石</head>
 <div2 n="3.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="3.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>歷史、社會與佛洛伊德主義</head>
    <p>《述評》開宗明義，運用歷史唯物主義的觀點，批判佛洛伊德主義的反歷史和反社會傾向。巴赫汀指出... </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
   <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
   <p>在二○年代的蘇聯文藝界，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.3.1" type="member">
   <head>建立馬克思主義和社會學詩學</head>
   <p>《社會學詩學》是巴赫汀對話美學的一個目標，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div3>

<div2 n="2.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
  <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.2" type="member">
  <head>Memb. II Retention and Evacuation rectified.</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="member">
  <head>Memb. III Ayr rectified. With a digression of the Ayr.</head>
  <p/>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div3>

<div2 n="2.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. I Dictionnaires. </head>
  <p> C'est un recueil de mots rangés dans un ordre convenu...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.2" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. II. Qu'est-ce qu'un dictionnaire de langue ? .</head>
  <p>Un dictionnaire de langue est un dictionnaire donnant les mots d'une langue et leurs
     emplois...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="subsection">
  <head>Sect. II. Subsect. III. Qu'est-ce qu'un dictionnaire encyclopédique ? </head>
  <p>Un dictionnaire encyclopédique est un dictionnaire qui contient des renseignements
     sur les choses, sur les idées </p>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div3>

<div2 n="3.2" type="section">
 <div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
  <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
  <p>在二○年代的蘇聯文藝界，...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="3.2.2" type="member">
  <head>交流：藝術話語與生活話語的共性</head>
  <p>林林總總的文理理論圍繞著作者、作品和讀者的關係問題，...</p>
 </div3>
 <div3 n="2.2.3" type="member">
  <head>言談和音調</head>
  <p>在這裡，巴赫汀為言談做了一個大膽的定義：...</p>
 </div3>
</div2>

<div4>

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
 <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect I. — Dyet rectified in substance.</head>
  <p>Diet, <term xml:lang="grc">diaitotiku</term>, <term xml:lang="la">victus</term> or
     living </p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect II. — Dyet rectified in quantity.</head>
  <p>Man alone, saith Cardan, eates and drinks without appetite, and useth all his pleasures
     without necessity </p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div4>

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
 <head>Sect. II. Subsect. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="alinéa">
  <head>Alinéa I. <term>Horlogerie</term>Lame de ressort.</head>
  <p> Bande d'acier enroulée formant le ressort d'une montre, d'une pendule. (Dict. XIXe
     et XXe s.).</p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.2" type="alinéa">
  <head>Alinéa II. — <term>Menuiserie</term>Lame de parquet</head>
  <p>Lame de parquet. Chacune des bandes de bois qui, emboîtées, constituent le
     parquet</p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div4>

<div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
 <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
 <div4 n="3.2.1.1" type="subsection">
  <head>薩庫林的《文學研究的社會學方法》</head>
  <p>薩庫林把藝術史和文學史的發展分成兩個部份：內在與因果部份。...</p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="3.2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>美的本質</head>
  <p>五○至六○年代在中國大陸進行的美學大辯論，一個核心的問題就是美的本質問題。...</p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div5>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Apple soup</head>
   <div5>
    <head>Ingredients</head>
    <list>
     <item>2 lbs. of good boiling apples,</item>
     <item>3/4 teaspoonful of white pepper,</item>
     <item>6 cloves,</item>
     <item>cayenne or ginger to taste,</item>
     <item>3 quarts of medium stock</item>
    </list>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Mode</head>
    <p>Peel and quarter the apples taking out their cores; put them into
         the stock, stew them gently till tender, Rub the whole through a
         strainer, add the seasoning. give it one boil up, and serve.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Time</head>
    <p>1 hour.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Average cost</head>
    <p>per quart, 1s.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Seasonable</head>
    <p>from September to December.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Sufficient</head>
    <p> for 10 persons</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>The apple</head>
    <p>This useful fruit is mentioned in Holy Writ; and Homer describes it
         as valuable in his time... As a food, the apple cannot be considered
         to rank high, as more than the half of it consists of water, and
         the rest of its properties are not the most nourishing. It is
         however a useful adjunct to other kinds of food, and, when cooked, is
         esteemed as slightly laxative.</p>
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Artichoke (Jerusalem) soup</head>
   <p>...</p>
  </div4>
<!-- other recipes here -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div6>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
    <div6>
     <head>Ingredients</head>
     <list>
      <item>4 lbs of shin of beef,</item>
      <item>4 lbs of knuckle of veal,</item>
<!-- ... -->
      <item>4 quarts of water</item>
     </list>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Mode</head>
     <p>Line a delicately clean stewpan... Strain through a very
           fine hair sieve, or tammy, and it will be fit for use</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Time</head>
     <p>5 hours.</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Average cost</head>
     <p>1s 3d. per quart</p>
    </div6>
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
<!-- ... -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div7>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<div4>

<div4> (level-4 text division) contains a fourth-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. Numbered Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.divLike

@org

@sample

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.div4Like

Contained by

textstructure: div3

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc divGen ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition schemaSpec specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div5 docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

any sequence of low-level structural elements, possibly grouped into lower subdivisions.

Example

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
 <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect I. — Dyet rectified in substance.</head>
  <p>Diet, <term xml:lang="grc">diaitotiku</term>, <term xml:lang="la">victus</term> or
     living </p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect II. — Dyet rectified in quantity.</head>
  <p>Man alone, saith Cardan, eates and drinks without appetite, and useth all his pleasures
     without necessity </p>
 </div4>
</div3>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <alternate>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <alternate>
      <classRef key="model.div5Like"/>
      <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
     </alternate>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
    <sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate minOccurs="1"
       maxOccurs="1">
       <elementRef key="schemaSpec"/>
       <classRef key="model.common"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="0"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate>
       <classRef key="model.div5Like"/>
       <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
    </sequence>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element div4
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.divLike.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      (
         (
            (
               ( ( ( model.div5Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )+ )
             | (
                  ( ( ( schemaSpec | model.common ), model.global* )+ ),
                  ( ( ( model.div5Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )* )
               )
            ),
            ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
         )?
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <div4> (level-4 text division)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <div4> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <div4> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

4. Default Text Structure

<div2>

<div1 n="2" type="part">
 <head>The Second Partition:
   The Cure of Melancholy</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>Unlawful Cures rejected.</head>
    <p>Inveterate melancholy, howsoever it may seem to
         be a continuate, inexorable disease, hard to be
         cured, accompanying them to their graves most part
         (as <ref target="#a">Montanus</ref> observes), yet many
         times it may be helped...
    </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="member">
   <head>Sect. III. Memb. I</head>
   <p/>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="II" type="chapitre">
 <head>Chapitre II. Traitement électronique des données en histoire de la littérature
   française : bilan provisoire</head>
 <div2 n="2.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.1.1" type="subsection">
   <div4 n="2.1.1.1" type="article">
    <head>Les objectifs</head>
    <p>Chaque étudiant est convié à parcourir la banque à partir des différentes entrées
         liées au cours magistral qu'il suit en amphithéâtre...</p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. II. Subsection I. Exploitation pédagogique de la BDHL</head>
   <p>Pour la plupart des étudiants en Lettres des générations précédentes, un
       enseignement de l'histoire de la littérature allait de soi... </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="2.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="2.3.1" type="subsection">
   <head>Sect. III. Subsection I. Etudes permises par la BDHL</head>
   <p>L'existence d'une banque de données, quelle qu'elle soit, permet d'envisager des
       traitements statistiques. </p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div2>

<div1 n="3" type="part">
 <head>第三章：對話性—文化理論的基石</head>
 <div2 n="3.1" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.1.1" type="member">
   <div4 n="3.1.1.1" type="subsection">
    <head>歷史、社會與佛洛伊德主義</head>
    <p>《述評》開宗明義，運用歷史唯物主義的觀點，批判佛洛伊德主義的反歷史和反社會傾向。巴赫汀指出... </p>
   </div4>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.2" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
   <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
   <p>在二○年代的蘇聯文藝界，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
 <div2 n="3.3" type="section">
  <div3 n="3.3.1" type="member">
   <head>建立馬克思主義和社會學詩學</head>
   <p>《社會學詩學》是巴赫汀對話美學的一個目標，...</p>
  </div3>
 </div2>
</div1>

<div4>

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="member">
 <head>Sect. II. Memb. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect I. — Dyet rectified in substance.</head>
  <p>Diet, <term xml:lang="grc">diaitotiku</term>, <term xml:lang="la">victus</term> or
     living </p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>Subsect II. — Dyet rectified in quantity.</head>
  <p>Man alone, saith Cardan, eates and drinks without appetite, and useth all his pleasures
     without necessity </p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div4>

<div3 n="2.2.1" type="subsection">
 <head>Sect. II. Subsect. I</head>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.1" type="alinéa">
  <head>Alinéa I. <term>Horlogerie</term>Lame de ressort.</head>
  <p> Bande d'acier enroulée formant le ressort d'une montre, d'une pendule. (Dict. XIXe
     et XXe s.).</p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="2.2.1.2" type="alinéa">
  <head>Alinéa II. — <term>Menuiserie</term>Lame de parquet</head>
  <p>Lame de parquet. Chacune des bandes de bois qui, emboîtées, constituent le
     parquet</p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div4>

<div3 n="3.2.1" type="member">
 <head>打破內在/外在、主觀/客觀的二元對立</head>
 <div4 n="3.2.1.1" type="subsection">
  <head>薩庫林的《文學研究的社會學方法》</head>
  <p>薩庫林把藝術史和文學史的發展分成兩個部份：內在與因果部份。...</p>
 </div4>
 <div4 n="3.2.2.1" type="subsection">
  <head>美的本質</head>
  <p>五○至六○年代在中國大陸進行的美學大辯論，一個核心的問題就是美的本質問題。...</p>
 </div4>
</div3>

<div5>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Apple soup</head>
   <div5>
    <head>Ingredients</head>
    <list>
     <item>2 lbs. of good boiling apples,</item>
     <item>3/4 teaspoonful of white pepper,</item>
     <item>6 cloves,</item>
     <item>cayenne or ginger to taste,</item>
     <item>3 quarts of medium stock</item>
    </list>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Mode</head>
    <p>Peel and quarter the apples taking out their cores; put them into
         the stock, stew them gently till tender, Rub the whole through a
         strainer, add the seasoning. give it one boil up, and serve.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Time</head>
    <p>1 hour.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Average cost</head>
    <p>per quart, 1s.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Seasonable</head>
    <p>from September to December.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Sufficient</head>
    <p> for 10 persons</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>The apple</head>
    <p>This useful fruit is mentioned in Holy Writ; and Homer describes it
         as valuable in his time... As a food, the apple cannot be considered
         to rank high, as more than the half of it consists of water, and
         the rest of its properties are not the most nourishing. It is
         however a useful adjunct to other kinds of food, and, when cooked, is
         esteemed as slightly laxative.</p>
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Artichoke (Jerusalem) soup</head>
   <p>...</p>
  </div4>
<!-- other recipes here -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div6>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
    <div6>
     <head>Ingredients</head>
     <list>
      <item>4 lbs of shin of beef,</item>
      <item>4 lbs of knuckle of veal,</item>
<!-- ... -->
      <item>4 quarts of water</item>
     </list>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Mode</head>
     <p>Line a delicately clean stewpan... Strain through a very
           fine hair sieve, or tammy, and it will be fit for use</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Time</head>
     <p>5 hours.</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Average cost</head>
     <p>1s 3d. per quart</p>
    </div6>
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
<!-- ... -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div7>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<div5>

<div5> (level-5 text division) contains a fifth-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. Numbered Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.divLike

@org

@sample

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.div5Like

Contained by

textstructure: div4

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc divGen ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition schemaSpec specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div6 docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

any sequence of low-level structural elements, possibly grouped into lower subdivisions.

Example

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Apple soup</head>
   <div5>
    <head>Ingredients</head>
    <list>
     <item>2 lbs. of good boiling apples,</item>
     <item>3/4 teaspoonful of white pepper,</item>
     <item>6 cloves,</item>
     <item>cayenne or ginger to taste,</item>
     <item>3 quarts of medium stock</item>
    </list>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Mode</head>
    <p>Peel and quarter the apples taking out their cores; put them into
         the stock, stew them gently till tender, Rub the whole through a
         strainer, add the seasoning. give it one boil up, and serve.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Time</head>
    <p>1 hour.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Average cost</head>
    <p>per quart, 1s.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Seasonable</head>
    <p>from September to December.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Sufficient</head>
    <p> for 10 persons</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>The apple</head>
    <p>This useful fruit is mentioned in Holy Writ; and Homer describes it
         as valuable in his time... As a food, the apple cannot be considered
         to rank high, as more than the half of it consists of water, and
         the rest of its properties are not the most nourishing. It is
         however a useful adjunct to other kinds of food, and, when cooked, is
         esteemed as slightly laxative.</p>
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Artichoke (Jerusalem) soup</head>
   <p>...</p>
  </div4>
<!-- other recipes here -->
 </div3>
</div2>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <alternate>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <alternate>
      <classRef key="model.div6Like"/>
      <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
     </alternate>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
    <sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate minOccurs="1"
       maxOccurs="1">
       <elementRef key="schemaSpec"/>
       <classRef key="model.common"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="0"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate>
       <classRef key="model.div6Like"/>
       <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
    </sequence>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element div5
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.divLike.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      (
         (
            (
               ( ( ( model.div6Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )+ )
             | (
                  ( ( ( schemaSpec | model.common ), model.global* )+ ),
                  ( ( ( model.div6Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )* )
               )
            ),
            ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
         )?
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <div5> (level-5 text division)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <div5> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <div5> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

4. Default Text Structure

<div5>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Apple soup</head>
   <div5>
    <head>Ingredients</head>
    <list>
     <item>2 lbs. of good boiling apples,</item>
     <item>3/4 teaspoonful of white pepper,</item>
     <item>6 cloves,</item>
     <item>cayenne or ginger to taste,</item>
     <item>3 quarts of medium stock</item>
    </list>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Mode</head>
    <p>Peel and quarter the apples taking out their cores; put them into
         the stock, stew them gently till tender, Rub the whole through a
         strainer, add the seasoning. give it one boil up, and serve.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Time</head>
    <p>1 hour.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Average cost</head>
    <p>per quart, 1s.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Seasonable</head>
    <p>from September to December.</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>Sufficient</head>
    <p> for 10 persons</p>
   </div5>
   <div5>
    <head>The apple</head>
    <p>This useful fruit is mentioned in Holy Writ; and Homer describes it
         as valuable in his time... As a food, the apple cannot be considered
         to rank high, as more than the half of it consists of water, and
         the rest of its properties are not the most nourishing. It is
         however a useful adjunct to other kinds of food, and, when cooked, is
         esteemed as slightly laxative.</p>
   </div5>
  </div4>
  <div4 type="recipe">
   <head>Artichoke (Jerusalem) soup</head>
   <p>...</p>
  </div4>
<!-- other recipes here -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div6>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
    <div6>
     <head>Ingredients</head>
     <list>
      <item>4 lbs of shin of beef,</item>
      <item>4 lbs of knuckle of veal,</item>
<!-- ... -->
      <item>4 quarts of water</item>
     </list>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Mode</head>
     <p>Line a delicately clean stewpan... Strain through a very
           fine hair sieve, or tammy, and it will be fit for use</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Time</head>
     <p>5 hours.</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Average cost</head>
     <p>1s 3d. per quart</p>
    </div6>
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
<!-- ... -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div7>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

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<div6>

<div6> (level-6 text division) contains a sixth-level subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1.2. Numbered Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.divLike

@org

@sample

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.div6Like

Contained by

textstructure: div5

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc divGen ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition schemaSpec specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div7 docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

any sequence of low-level structural elements, possibly grouped into lower subdivisions.

Example

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
    <div6>
     <head>Ingredients</head>
     <list>
      <item>4 lbs of shin of beef,</item>
      <item>4 lbs of knuckle of veal,</item>
<!-- ... -->
      <item>4 quarts of water</item>
     </list>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Mode</head>
     <p>Line a delicately clean stewpan... Strain through a very
           fine hair sieve, or tammy, and it will be fit for use</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Time</head>
     <p>5 hours.</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Average cost</head>
     <p>1s 3d. per quart</p>
    </div6>
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
<!-- ... -->
 </div3>
</div2>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <alternate>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <alternate>
      <classRef key="model.div7Like"/>
      <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
     </alternate>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
    <sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="1"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate minOccurs="1"
       maxOccurs="1">
       <elementRef key="schemaSpec"/>
       <classRef key="model.common"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
     <sequence minOccurs="0"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <alternate>
       <classRef key="model.div7Like"/>
       <classRef key="model.divGenLike"/>
      </alternate>
      <classRef key="model.global"
       minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
     </sequence>
    </sequence>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element div6
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.divLike.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      (
         (
            (
               ( ( ( model.div7Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )+ )
             | (
                  ( ( ( schemaSpec | model.common ), model.global* )+ ),
                  ( ( ( model.div7Like | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )* )
               )
            ),
            ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
         )?
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <div6> (level-6 text division)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <div6> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <div6> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

4. Default Text Structure

<div6>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Rich strong stock</head>
    <div6>
     <head>Ingredients</head>
     <list>
      <item>4 lbs of shin of beef,</item>
      <item>4 lbs of knuckle of veal,</item>
<!-- ... -->
      <item>4 quarts of water</item>
     </list>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Mode</head>
     <p>Line a delicately clean stewpan... Strain through a very
           fine hair sieve, or tammy, and it will be fit for use</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Time</head>
     <p>5 hours.</p>
    </div6>
    <div6>
     <head>Average cost</head>
     <p>1s 3d. per quart</p>
    </div6>
   </div5>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Medium Stock</head>
<!-- ... -->
   </div5>
  </div4>
<!-- ... -->
 </div3>
</div2>

<div7>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<div7>

<div7> (level-7 text division) contains the smallest possible subdivision of the front, body or back of a text, larger than a paragraph. [4.1.2. Numbered Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.divLike

@org

@sample

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.div7Like

Contained by

textstructure: div6

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition schemaSpec specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

any sequence of low-level structural elements, e.g., paragraphs (p), lists (list), or examples (eg or egXML).

Example

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <alternate minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
     <elementRef key="schemaSpec"/>
     <classRef key="model.common"/>
    </alternate>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element div7
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.divLike.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      (
         (
            ( ( ( schemaSpec | model.common ), model.global* )+ ),
            ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
         )?
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <div7> (level-7 text division)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <div7> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <div7> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

4. Default Text Structure

<div7>

<div2 type="chapter">
 <head>Recipes</head>
 <head>Chapter VI.</head>
 <div3>
  <head>Fruit and vegetable soups</head>
  <p>...</p>
  <div4>
   <head>Stocks for all kinds of soups</head>
   <div5 type="recipe">
    <head>Asparagus soup</head>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>I.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Put the beef, cut into pieces and rolled in flour, into a
             stewpan...</p>
     </div7>
<!-- ... -->
    </div6>
    <div6 type="altRecipe">
     <head>II.</head>
     <div7>
      <head>Ingredients</head>
      <list>
       <item> ...</item>
      </list>
     </div7>
     <div7>
      <head>Mode</head>
      <p>Boil the peas, and rub them through a sieve; add the gravy...</p>
     </div7>
    </div6>
   </div5>
  </div4>
 </div3>
</div2>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<divGen>

<divGen> (automatically generated text division) indicates the location at which a textual division generated automatically by a text-processing application is to appear. [3.9.2. Index Entries]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
specifies what type of generated text division (e.g. index, table of contents, etc.) is to appear.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

index

an index is to be generated and inserted at this point.

toc

a table of contents

figlist

a list of figures

tablist

a list of tables

Note

Valid values are application-dependent; those shown are of obvious utility in document production, but are by no means exhaustive.

Member of

model.divGenLike model.frontPart

Contained by

textstructure: back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 front

May contain

core: head

Note

This element is intended primarily for use in document production or manipulation, rather than in the transcription of pre-existing materials; it makes it easier to specify the location of indices, tables of contents, etc., to be generated by text preparation or word processing software.

Example

One use for this element is to allow document preparation software to generate an index and insert it in the appropriate place in the output. The example below assumes that the indexName attribute on index elements in the text has been used to specify index entries for the two generated indexes, named NAMES and THINGS:

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Indices</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="NAMES"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="THINGS"/>
 </div1>
</back>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

Another use for divGen is to specify the location of an automatically produced table of contents:

<front>
<!--<titlePage>...</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Preface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.headLike"
  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element divGen
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   model.headLike*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <divGen> (automatically generated text division)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <divGen> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <divGen> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
  <listBibl>
   <bibl> ... </bibl>
  </listBibl>
 </div>
 <divGen n="Index Nominum"
  type="INDEX-NAMES"/>
 <divGen n="Index Loci" type="INDEX-PLACES"/>
</back>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<back>
 <divGen n="A1" type="INDEX-NAMES">
  <head>An Index of Names</head>
 </divGen>
</back>

4. Default Text Structure

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Indices</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="NAMES"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="THINGS"/>
 </div1>
</back>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Bibliographie</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Indices</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="NAMES"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="THINGS"/>
 </div1>
</back>

<divGen>

<front>
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>參考書目</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>索引</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="人名"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="事物"/>
 </div1>
</back>

<divGen>

<front>
<!--<titlePage>書名頁</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>序</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<divGen>

<front>
<!--<titlePage>...</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Preface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

4.4. Virtual Divisions

<divGen type="toc"/>

4.4. Virtual Divisions

<div>
<!-- transcript here-->
</div>
<div>
<!-- translation here -->
</div>
<divGen type="alignment"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<trailer>

<trailer> contains a closing title or footer appearing at the end of a division of a text. [4.2.4. Content of Textual Divisions 4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.placement

@place

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.divBottomPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: castGroup epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

textstructure: back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group postscript

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<trailer>Explicit pars tertia</trailer>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<trailer>
 <l>In stead of FINIS this advice <hi>I</hi> send,</l>
 <l>Let Rogues and Thieves beware of <lb/>
  <hi>Hamans</hi> END.</l>
</trailer>

Show all ⚓︎

From EEBO A87070

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <elementRef key="lg"/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.lLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element trailer
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   (
      text
    | lg
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.lLike
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <trailer>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <trailer> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <trailer> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

9. Computer-mediated Communication

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of
   Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve
     years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six
     years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

<head>

<div type="chapitre">
 <head>Les Mille et une Nuits</head>
 <p>LES chroniques des Sassaniens, anciens rois de Perse, qui avaient étendu leur empire
   dans les Indes, [...]</p>
 <div type="histoire">
  <head>Histoire du Vizir puni</head>
  <p>IL était autrefois un roi, poursuivit-il, qui avait un<lb/> fils qui aimait
     passionnément la chasse. Il lui permettait<lb/> de prendre souvent ce divertissement ;
     [...] </p>
 </div>
</div>
<trailer>
 <hi rend="majuscule">fin du tome premier.</hi>
</trailer>

<head>

<div1 n="I" type="book">
 <head>三國演義</head>
 <div2 type="section">
  <head>第一回 宴桃園豪杰三結義 斬黃巾英雄首立功</head>
  <p>滾滾長江東逝水，浪花淘盡英雄。是非成敗轉頭空。 青山依舊在，几度夕陽紅。 白發漁樵江渚上，慣看秋月春風。一壺濁酒喜相逢。古今多少事，都付笑談中。</p>
  <p>話說天下大勢，分久必合，合久必分。周末七國分爭，并入于秦。...</p>
  <trailer>三人救了董卓回寨。卓問三人現居何職。玄德曰：白身。...畢竟董卓性命如何，且听下文分解。</trailer>
 </div2>
</div1>

4. Default Text Structure

<body>

<body>
 <l>Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard</l>
 <l>metudæs maecti end his modgidanc</l>
 <l>uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes</l>
 <l>eci dryctin or astelidæ</l>
 <l>he aerist scop aelda barnum</l>
 <l>heben til hrofe haleg scepen.</l>
 <l>tha middungeard moncynnæs uard</l>
 <l>eci dryctin æfter tiadæ</l>
 <l>firum foldu frea allmectig</l>
 <trailer>primo cantauit Cædmon istud carmen.</trailer>
</body>

4.1.3. Numbered or Un-numbered?

<div1 type="book" n="I" xml:id="JA0100">
 <head>Book I.</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0101">
  <head>Of writing lives in general, and particularly of Pamela, with a word
     by the bye of Colley Cibber and others.</head>
  <p>It is a trite but true observation, that examples work more forcibly on
     the mind than precepts: ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 1 here -->
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0102">
  <head>Of Mr. Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great
     endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors.</head>
  <p>Mr. Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to
     be the only son of Gaffar and Gammar Andrews, and brother to the
     illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous ... </p>
<!-- remainder of chapter 2 here -->
 </div2>
<!-- remaining chapters of Book 1 here -->
 <trailer>The end of the first Book</trailer>
</div1>
<div1 type="book" n="II" xml:id="JA0200">
 <head>Book II</head>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="1" xml:id="JA0201">
  <head>Of divisions in authors</head>
  <p>There are certain mysteries or secrets in all trades, from the highest
     to the lowest, from that of <term>prime-ministering</term>, to this of
  <term>authoring</term>, which are seldom discovered unless to members of
     the same calling ... </p>
  <p>I will dismiss this chapter with the following observation: that it
     becomes an author generally to divide a book, as it does a butcher to
     joint his meat, for such assistance is of great help to both the reader
     and the carver. And now having indulged myself a little I will endeavour
     to indulge the curiosity of my reader, who is no doubt impatient to know
     what he will find in the subsequent chapters of this book.</p>
 </div2>
 <div2 type="chapter" n="2" xml:id="JA0202">
  <head>A surprising instance of Mr. Adams's short memory, with the
     unfortunate consequences which it brought on Joseph.
  </head>
  <p>Mr. Adams and Joseph were now ready to depart different ways ... </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div type="book" n="I">
 <head>In the name of Christ here begins the
   first book of the ecclesiastical history of Georgius Florentinus,
   known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.</head>
 <div>
  <head>Chapter Headings</head>
  <list>
   <item>
<!-- chapter head -->
   </item>
<!-- further chapter heads omitted -->
  </list>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.</head>
  <p>Proposing as I do ...</p>
  <p>From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four
     hundred and twelve years passed.</p>
  <trailer>Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five
     hundred and ninety-six years from the beginning of the world down
     to the death of Saint Martin.</trailer>
 </div>
</div>

<trailer>

<trailer>Explicit pars tertia</trailer>

<trailer>

<trailer>
 <l>In stead of FINIS this advice <hi>I</hi> send,</l>
 <l>Let Rogues and Thieves beware of <lb/>
  <hi>Hamans</hi> END.</l>
</trailer>

<trailer>

<trailer>Explicit pars tertia</trailer>

<trailer>

<trailer>畢竟董卓性命如何，且聽下文分解。</trailer>

<trailer>

<trailer>
 <l>In stead of FINIS this advice <hi>I</hi> send,</l>
 <l>Let Rogues and Thieves beware of <lb/>
  <hi>Hamans</hi> END.</l>
</trailer>

4.5. Front Matter

<front>
 <div1 type="incipit">
  <p>Here bygynniþ a book of contemplacyon, þe whiche
     is clepyd <title>þE CLOWDE OF VNKNOWYNG</title>,
     in þe whiche a soule is onyd wiþ GOD.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="prayer">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe preyer on þe prologe.</head>
  <p>God, unto whom alle hertes ben open, &amp; unto whome alle wille
     spekiþ, &amp; unto whom no priue þing is hid: I beseche
     þee so for to clense þe entent of myn hert wiþ þe
     unspekable 3ift of þi grace, þat I may parfiteliche
     loue þee &amp; worþilich preise þee. Amen.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="preface">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe prolog.</head>
  <p>In þe name of þe Fader &amp; of þe Sone &amp;
     of þe Holy Goost.</p>
  <p>I charge þee &amp; I beseeche þee, wiþ as moche
     power &amp; vertewe as þe bonde of charite is sufficient
     to suffre, what-so-euer þou be þat þis book schalt
     haue in possession ...</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="contents">
  <head>Here biginneþ a table of þe chapitres.</head>
  <list>
   <label>þe first chapitre </label>
   <item>Of foure degrees of Cristen mens leuing; &amp; of þe
       cours of his cleping þat þis book was maad vnto.</item>
   <label>þe secound chapitre</label>
   <item>A schort stering to meeknes &amp; to þe werk of þis
       book</item>
   <label>þe fiue and seuenti chapitre</label>
   <item>Of somme certein tokenes bi þe whiche a man may proue
       wheþer he be clepid of God to worche in þis werk.</item>
  </list>
  <trailer>&amp; here eendeþ þe table of þe chapitres.</trailer>
 </div1>
</front>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="letter">
  <head>A letter written to his wife, founde with this booke
     after his death.</head>
  <p>The remembrance of the many wrongs offred thee, and thy
     unreproued vertues, adde greater sorrow to my miserable state,
     than I can utter or thou conceiue. ...
     ... yet trust I in the world to come to find mercie, by the
     merites of my Saiuour to whom I commend thee, and commit
     my soule.</p>
  <signed>Thy repentant husband for his disloyaltie,
  <name>Robert Greene.</name>
  </signed>
  <epigraph xml:lang="la">
   <p>Faelicem fuisse infaustum</p>
  </epigraph>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </div>
</back>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <sp>
  <l>Wits, like physicians never can agree,</l>
  <l>When of a different society.</l>
  <l>New plays are stuffed with wits, and with deboches,</l>
  <l>That crowd and sweat like cits in May-Day coaches.</l>
 </sp>
 <trailer>Written by a person of quality</trailer>
</prologue>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <sp>
  <l>何時姊妹再相逢，雷電轟轟雨蒙蒙？</l>
  <l>且等烽煙靜四陲，敗軍高奏凱歌回。</l>
  <l>半山夕照尚含輝。</l>
  <l>何處相逢？</l>
  <l>在荒原。</l>
  <l>共同去見麥克白。</l>
  <l>我來了，狸貓精。</l>
  <l>癩蛤蟆叫我了。</l>
  <l>來也。</l>
  <l>美即丑惡丑即美，翱翔毒霧妖云里。</l>
 </sp>
 <trailer>三女巫同下</trailer>
</prologue>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.3. Circulation

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796550101716993" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t004" xml:lang="de">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043796093786566656"/> Ich mich auch? <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dynamicduo?src=hash">#dynamicduo</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wirk%C3%BCmmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang?src=hash">#wirkümmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u2"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t003" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796093786566656">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 14:35 </time> Immer wieder gerne. Kann ich mich schon für
nächstes Jahr als Empfangs- <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Engel?src=hash">#Engel</ref> für das nächste
BarCamp bewerben <w pos="EMO">🤪</w>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <trailer>
  <fs>
   <f name="favoritecount">
    <numeric value="4"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </trailer>
</post>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>The Table of Battallions, reduced out of the grand square of
   men.</head>
 <row>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>2</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>4</cell>
 </row>
<!-- ... -->
 <row>
  <cell>841</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>289 289 256</cell>
  <cell>7</cell>
 </row>
 <trailer>The end of the Table of Battallions reduced out of the
   battels of g. and squares of men: vpon the right side of euery
   leafe.</trailer>
</table>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<byline>

<byline> (byline) contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work. [4.2.2. Openers and Closers 4.5. Front Matter]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.divWrapper model.pLike.front model.titlepagePart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

msdescription: msItem

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back body closer div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group opener titlePage

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: docAuthor

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The byline on a title page may include either the name or a description for the document's author. Where the name is included, it may optionally be tagged using the docAuthor element.

Example

<byline>Written by a CITIZEN who continued all the
while in London. Never made publick before.</byline>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<byline>Written from her own MEMORANDUMS</byline>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<byline>By George Jones, Political Editor, in Washington</byline>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<byline>BY
<docAuthor>THOMAS PHILIPOTT,</docAuthor>
Master of Arts,
(Somtimes)
Of Clare-Hall in Cambridge.</byline>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <elementRef key="docAuthor"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element byline
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | docAuthor | model.global )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <byline> (byline)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <byline> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <byline> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.1. Headings and Trailers

<div type="story">
 <head rend="underlined" type="sub">President pledges safeguards for 2,400 British
   troops in Bosnia</head>
 <head rend="scream" type="main">Major agrees to enforced no-fly zone</head>
 <byline>By George Jones, Political Editor, in Washington</byline>
 <p>Greater Western intervention in the conflict in
   former Yugoslavia was pledged by President Bush ...</p>
</div>

<byline>

<byline>Written by a CITIZEN who continued all the
while in London. Never made publick before.</byline>

<byline>

<byline>écrit par Costals sur le feuillet blanc de cette lettre : " cette correspondance n'
était pour vous qu' un jeu. "</byline>

<byline>

<byline>extraits de Villoison et de Schlegel. Commencé la rédaction du quatrième
livre.</byline>

<byline>

<byline>Reportage céleste de notre envoyé spécial au paradis</byline>

<byline>

<dateline>Zagreb :</dateline>
<byline>de notre envoyé spécial.</byline>

<byline>

<byline>Par le docteur <docAuthor>Martin Becanus</docAuthor>, au tome troisiesme de ses
opuscules</byline>

<byline>

<byline>由一個倫敦土生土長的市民撰寫，先前未曾出版過。</byline>

<byline>

<byline>錄自她自己的回憶錄</byline>

<byline>

<byline>來自華盛頓的政治編輯喬治．瓊斯</byline>

<byline>

<dateline>重慶:</dateline>
<byline>外交使節專用</byline>

<byline>

<byline>源自美國哥倫比亞大學博士<docAuthor>胡適</docAuthor>
</byline>

<byline>

<byline>Written from her own MEMORANDUMS</byline>

<byline>

<byline>By George Jones, Political Editor, in Washington</byline>

<byline>

<byline>BY
<docAuthor>THOMAS PHILIPOTT,</docAuthor>
Master of Arts,
(Somtimes)
Of Clare-Hall in Cambridge.</byline>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<docAuthor>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four
     Parts.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline> By <docAuthor>Lemuel Gulliver</docAuthor>, First a Surgeon,
   and then a Captain of several Ships</byline>
</titlePage>

<docAuthor>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Le quart livre de faicts et dict Heroiques du bon
     Pantagruel</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline>Composé par <docAuthor>M. François Rabelais</docAuthor> docteur en Medicine.</byline>
</titlePage>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<dateline>

<dateline> (dateline) contains a brief description of the place, date, time, etc. of production of a letter, newspaper story, or other work, prefixed or suffixed to it as a kind of heading or trailer. [4.2.2. Openers and Closers]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.divWrapper model.pLike.front

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

textstructure: back body closer div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group opener

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: docDate

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<dateline>Walden, this 29. of August 1592</dateline>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <elementRef key="docDate"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element dateline
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.global | docDate )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <dateline> (dateline)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <dateline> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <dateline> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datable.w3c

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <placeName>Dorchester, Village,</placeName>
  <date when="1828-03-02">March 2d. 1828.</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>To
   Mrs. Cornell,</salute> Sunday <time when="12:00:00">noon.</time>
</opener>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.1. Paragraphs

<dateline>SARAJEVO, Bosnia and Herzegovina, April 19</dateline>
<p>Serbs seized more territory in this struggling new country today as
the United States Air Force ended a two-day airlift of humanitarian
aid into the capital, Sarajevo.</p>
<p>International relief workers called on European Community nations
to step up their humanitarian aid to the former Yugoslav republic,
in conjunction with new American aid flights if necessary.</p>
<p>A special envoy from the European Community, Colin Doyle, harshly
condemned the decision by Serbs to shell Sarajevo on Saturday night
during a visit to the Bosnian capital by a senior American official,
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Ralph R. Johnson.</p>
<p>...</p>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="preface">
 <head>To Henry Hope.</head>
 <p>It is not because this volume was conceived and partly
   executed amid the glades and galleries of the Deepdene,
   that I have inscribed it with your name. ... I shall find a
   reflex to their efforts in your own generous spirit and
   enlightened mind.
 </p>
 <closer>
  <signed xml:lang="el">D.</signed>
  <dateline>Grosvenor Gate, May-Day, 1844</dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="letter" n="14">
 <head>Letter XIV: Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe</head>
 <opener>
  <dateline>Thursday evening, March 2.</dateline>
 </opener>
 <p>On Hannah's depositing my long letter ...</p>
 <p>An interruption obliges me to conclude myself
   in some hurry, as well as fright, what I must ever be,</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Yours more than my own,</salute>
  <signed>Clarissa Harlowe</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<byline>

<dateline>Zagreb :</dateline>
<byline>de notre envoyé spécial.</byline>

<byline>

<dateline>重慶:</dateline>
<byline>外交使節專用</byline>

<dateline>

<dateline>Walden, this 29. of August 1592</dateline>

<dateline>

<front>
 <dateline>Datum in Mexico <date when="1531">primo die Augusti 1531</date>
 </dateline>
 <p> Al muy Magnifico y muy Reverendo Señor el Señor <rs type="person" ref="#IoannesDantiscus">obispo diócesis Colmensis</rs>
 </p>
</front>

<dateline>

<dateline>Avignon, le 11 février. </dateline>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Et, sur cet océan bourdonnant de mille vaguelettes, se leva l'armée caressante et si
   tendre des merveilleuses sirènes blondes aux seins durs comme ça. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Thionne-Paris</name>, <date>1950-1951.</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<dateline>2008年7月3日，香港。</dateline>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>Walden, this 29. of August 1592</dateline>
</opener>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>Avignon, le 11 février.</dateline>
</opener>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place"> à Paris </name>, <date>le 2 septembre 1769</date>
 </dateline>
</opener>
<p>Mais non, ma bonne amie, vous n' aviez pas raison de vous plaindre... </p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>1983年7月3日</dateline>
</opener>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">杭州西湖</name>
  <date>2008年4月1日</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>親愛的小張：</salute>
</opener>
<p>很抱歉，我今天有事無法赴約，希望您能諒解...</p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">Great Marlborough Street</name>
  <date>November 11, 1848</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>My dear Sir,</salute>
</opener>
<p>I am sorry to say that absence from town and other circumstances have prevented me from
earlier enquiring...</p>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Voilà, cher Rhedi, ce que j' appelle le droit public. Voilà le droit des gens, ou
   plutôt celui de la raison. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">à Paris </name>, <date>le 4 de la lune de Zilhagé, 1716. </date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1942">Printemps 1942 </date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Cher ami, </salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Le printemps vient maintenant. J'espère que là où tu es le climat à cette saison n'est
   pas encore pénible. C'est le moment des travaux des champs ; peut-être arrivera-t-on à
   quelque chose pour toi. S'il n'y a pas moyen de te faire venir en France, faut-il faire
   des démarches pour essayer de te faire quitter l'Europe ? Écris-le-moi. </p>
 <p>[...] </p>
 <closer>
  <salute> Crois à mon amitié fraternelle. </salute>
  <signed>Simone Weil </signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>Voici la traduction de quelques vers grecs d'Eschyle. Ils sont prononcés par
     Prométhée, le dieu qui, d'après les croyances des Grecs, avait sauvé les hommes de la
     destruction, avait volé le feu pour le leur donner et leur avait appris le langage, le
     nombre, l'astronomie, les métiers et les arts. Il en fut puni et fut cloué sur un
     rocher. La tragédie d'Eschyle commence par la scène où on le cloue ; il se tait
     pendant ce temps, puis, quand ses bourreaux sont partis, il dit : [...]</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1911-03-26">辛亥三月二十六</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>意映卿卿如晤：</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>吾今以此書與汝永別矣！吾作此書，淚珠和筆墨齊下，不能竟書，而欲擱筆！又恐汝不察吾衷，謂吾忍舍汝而死，謂吾不知汝之不欲吾死也，故遂忍悲為汝言之。...</p>
 <closer>
  <signed>夜四鼓<name>意洞</name>手書</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p>Tant qu'il existera, par le fait des lois et des moeurs, une
     damnation sociale créant artificiellement, en pleine civilisation,
     des enfers, et compliquant d'une fatalité humaine la destinée qui
     est divine ; tant que les trois problèmes du siècle, la dégradation
     de l'homme par le prolétariat, la déchéance de la femme par la faim,
     l'atrophie de l'enfant par la nuit, ne seront pas résolus; tant que,
     dans certaines régions, l'asphyxie sociale sera possible; en
     d'autres termes, et à un point de vue plus étendu encore, tant qu'il
     aura sur la terre ignorance et misère, des livres de la nature de
     celui-ci pourront ne pas être inutiles.</p>
  <closer>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Hauteville-House</name>
    <date>1er janvier 1862</date>
   </dateline>
  </closer>
 </div>
</front>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<argument>

<argument> (argument) contains a formal list or prose description of the topics addressed by a subdivision of a text. [4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions 4.6. Title Pages]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.divWrapper model.pLike.front model.titlepagePart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

msdescription: msItem

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group opener titlePage

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<argument>
 <p>Monte Video — Maldonado — Excursion
   to R Polanco — Lazo and Bolas — Partridges —
   Absence of Trees — Deer — Capybara, or River Hog —
   Tucutuco — Molothrus, cuckoo-like habits — Tyrant
   Flycatcher — Mocking-bird — Carrion Hawks —
   Tubes formed by Lightning — House struck</p>
</argument>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.common"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element argument
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   ( ( model.global | model.headLike )*, ( ( model.common, model.global* )+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <argument> (argument)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <argument> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <argument> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="chap" n="6">
 <argument>
  <p>Kingston — Instructive remarks on early English history
     — Instructive observations on carved oak and life in general
     — Sad case of Stivvings, junior — Musings on antiquity
     — I forget that I am steering — Interesting result
     — Hampton Court Maze — Harris as a guide.</p>
 </argument>
 <p>It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you
   care to take it ...</p>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="chap" n="6">
 <argument>
  <list type="inline">
   <item>Kingston</item>
   <item>Instructive remarks on early English history</item>
   <item>Instructive observations on carved oak and life in
       general</item>
   <item>Sad case of Stivvings, junior</item>
   <item>Musings on antiquity</item>
   <item>I forget that I am steering</item>
   <item>Interesting result</item>
   <item>Hampton Court Maze</item>
   <item>Harris as a guide.</item>
  </list>
 </argument>
 <p>It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you
   care to take it ...</p>
</div>

<argument>

<argument>
 <p>Monte Video — Maldonado — Excursion
   to R Polanco — Lazo and Bolas — Partridges —
   Absence of Trees — Deer — Capybara, or River Hog —
   Tucutuco — Molothrus, cuckoo-like habits — Tyrant
   Flycatcher — Mocking-bird — Carrion Hawks —
   Tubes formed by Lightning — House struck</p>
</argument>

<argument>

<argument>
 <p>28 janvier. J’ai le plus grand mal à me réatteler aux Faux-Monnayeurs — La Bastide. Fin mars. Besoin de couper mon travail. — Cuverville . Fin mai. Mise au net et dactylographie de cinq chapitres des Faux-Monnayeurs. — 8 juin. Achevé les Faux- Monnayeurs. — 14 juillet. Départ pour le Congo. </p>
</argument>

<argument>

<argument>
 <p>自我與他者的關係— 個體感性存在—共有性—交流性—同時性— 責任感/回應性—亦此亦彼—你中有我、我中有你—同時共存——非非此即彼—非你死我活—視域剩餘—外在性—超在性</p>
</argument>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<epigraph>

<epigraph> (epigraph) contains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing at the start or end of a section or on a title page. [4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts 4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions 4.6. Title Pages]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.divWrapper model.pLike.front model.titlepagePart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

msdescription: msItem

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group opener titlePage

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc ellipsis gap gb index l label lb lg list listBibl milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<epigraph xml:lang="la">
 <cit>
  <bibl>Lucret.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="F">petere inde coronam,</l>
   <l>Vnde prius nulli velarint tempora Musae.</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.common"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element epigraph
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   ( model.common | model.global )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <epigraph> (epigraph)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <epigraph> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <epigraph> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

<div xml:id="mm01" type="chapter">
 <head>Chapter 1</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>
    <l>Since I can do no good because a woman</l>
    <l>Reach constantly at something that is near it.</l>
   </quote>
   <bibl>
    <title>The Maid's Tragedy</title>
    <author>Beaumont and Fletcher</author>
   </bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into
   relief by poor dress...</p>
</div>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<titlePage>
 <docAuthor>E. M. Forster</docAuthor>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Howards End</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <q>Only connect...</q>
 </epigraph>
</titlePage>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div n="19" type="chap">
 <head>Chapter 19</head>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I pity the man who can travel
       from Dan to Beersheba, and say <q>'Tis all
         barren;</q> and so is all the world to him
       who will not cultivate the fruits it offers.
   </quote>
   <bibl>Sterne: Sentimental Journey.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <p>To say that Deronda was romantic would be to
   misrepresent him: but under his calm and somewhat
   self-repressed exterior ...</p>
</div>

<epigraph>

<epigraph xml:lang="la">
 <cit>
  <bibl>Lucret.</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="F">petere inde coronam,</l>
   <l>Vnde prius nulli velarint tempora Musae.</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

<epigraph>

<epigraph xml:lang="zh">
 <cit>
  <bibl>俞平伯</bibl>
  <quote>
   <l part="N">小燕子其實也無所愛，</l>
   <l>只是沉浸在朦朧而飄忽的夏夜夢里罷了。</l>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</epigraph>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla
     pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: <q xml:lang="grc">Σίβυλλα τί
       θέλεις</q>; respondebat illa: <q xml:lang="grc">ὰποθανεῖν θέλω.</q>
  </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>For Ezra Pound <q xml:lang="it">il miglior fabbro.</q>
  </p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>à la mémoire de Raymond Queneau</p>
 </div>
 <div type="avertissement">
  <p>L'amitié, l'histoire et la littérature m'ont fourni quelques-uns
     des.personnages de ce livre. Toute autre ressemblance avec des
     individus vivants ou ayant réellement ou fictivement existé ne
     saurait être que coïncidence.</p>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde <bibl>(Jules Verne, Michel
         Strogoff )</bibl>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
 </div>
 <div type="preambule">
  <head>PRÉAMBULE</head>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>
    <q>L'œil suit les chemins qui lui ont été ménagés dans l'oeuvre
    <bibl>(Paul Klee, Pädagosisches Skizzenbuch)</bibl>
    </q>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
  <p> Au départ, l'art du puzzle semble un art bref, un art mince, tout
     entier contenu dans un maigre enseignement de la Gestalttheorie :
     ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>小燕子其實也無所愛，只是沉浸在朦朧而飄忽的夏夜夢里罷了。 </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>《憶》第三十五首</p>
 </div>
</front>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="letter">
  <head>A letter written to his wife, founde with this booke
     after his death.</head>
  <p>The remembrance of the many wrongs offred thee, and thy
     unreproued vertues, adde greater sorrow to my miserable state,
     than I can utter or thou conceiue. ...
     ... yet trust I in the world to come to find mercie, by the
     merites of my Saiuour to whom I commend thee, and commit
     my soule.</p>
  <signed>Thy repentant husband for his disloyaltie,
  <name>Robert Greene.</name>
  </signed>
  <epigraph xml:lang="la">
   <p>Faelicem fuisse infaustum</p>
  </epigraph>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </div>
</back>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<opener>

<opener> (opener) groups together dateline, byline, salutation, and similar phrases appearing as a preliminary group at the start of a division, especially of a letter. [4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.divTopPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue

textstructure: body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 group postscript

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: argument byline dateline epigraph salute signed

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<opener>
 <dateline>Walden, this 29. of August 1592</dateline>
</opener>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">Great Marlborough Street</name>
  <date>November 11, 1848</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>My dear Sir,</salute>
</opener>
<p>I am sorry to say that absence from town and other circumstances have prevented me from
earlier enquiring...</p>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <elementRef key="argument"/>
  <elementRef key="byline"/>
  <elementRef key="dateline"/>
  <elementRef key="epigraph"/>
  <elementRef key="salute"/>
  <elementRef key="signed"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element opener
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | argument
    | byline
    | dateline
    | epigraph
    | salute
    | signed
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <opener> (opener)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <opener> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <opener> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

4. Default Text Structure

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datable.w3c

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <placeName>Dorchester, Village,</placeName>
  <date when="1828-03-02">March 2d. 1828.</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>To
   Mrs. Cornell,</salute> Sunday <time when="12:00:00">noon.</time>
</opener>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="letter" n="14">
 <head>Letter XIV: Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe</head>
 <opener>
  <dateline>Thursday evening, March 2.</dateline>
 </opener>
 <p>On Hannah's depositing my long letter ...</p>
 <p>An interruption obliges me to conclude myself
   in some hurry, as well as fright, what I must ever be,</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Yours more than my own,</salute>
  <signed>Clarissa Harlowe</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>Walden, this 29. of August 1592</dateline>
</opener>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>Avignon, le 11 février.</dateline>
</opener>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place"> à Paris </name>, <date>le 2 septembre 1769</date>
 </dateline>
</opener>
<p>Mais non, ma bonne amie, vous n' aviez pas raison de vous plaindre... </p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>1983年7月3日</dateline>
</opener>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">杭州西湖</name>
  <date>2008年4月1日</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>親愛的小張：</salute>
</opener>
<p>很抱歉，我今天有事無法赴約，希望您能諒解...</p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">Great Marlborough Street</name>
  <date>November 11, 1848</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>My dear Sir,</salute>
</opener>
<p>I am sorry to say that absence from town and other circumstances have prevented me from
earlier enquiring...</p>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1942">Printemps 1942 </date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Cher ami, </salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Le printemps vient maintenant. J'espère que là où tu es le climat à cette saison n'est
   pas encore pénible. C'est le moment des travaux des champs ; peut-être arrivera-t-on à
   quelque chose pour toi. S'il n'y a pas moyen de te faire venir en France, faut-il faire
   des démarches pour essayer de te faire quitter l'Europe ? Écris-le-moi. </p>
 <p>[...] </p>
 <closer>
  <salute> Crois à mon amitié fraternelle. </salute>
  <signed>Simone Weil </signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>Voici la traduction de quelques vers grecs d'Eschyle. Ils sont prononcés par
     Prométhée, le dieu qui, d'après les croyances des Grecs, avait sauvé les hommes de la
     destruction, avait volé le feu pour le leur donner et leur avait appris le langage, le
     nombre, l'astronomie, les métiers et les arts. Il en fut puni et fut cloué sur un
     rocher. La tragédie d'Eschyle commence par la scène où on le cloue ; il se tait
     pendant ce temps, puis, quand ses bourreaux sont partis, il dit : [...]</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1911-03-26">辛亥三月二十六</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>意映卿卿如晤：</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>吾今以此書與汝永別矣！吾作此書，淚珠和筆墨齊下，不能竟書，而欲擱筆！又恐汝不察吾衷，謂吾忍舍汝而死，謂吾不知汝之不欲吾死也，故遂忍悲為汝言之。...</p>
 <closer>
  <signed>夜四鼓<name>意洞</name>手書</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<closer>

<closer> (closer) groups together salutations, datelines, bylines, and similar phrases appearing as a final group at the end of a division, especially of a letter. [4.2.2. Openers and Closers 4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.divBottomPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

textstructure: back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group postscript

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: byline dateline salute signed

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<div type="letter">
 <p> perhaps you will favour me with a sight of it when convenient.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I remain, &amp;c. &amp;c.</salute>
  <signed>H. Colburn</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="byline"/>
  <elementRef key="signed"/>
  <elementRef key="dateline"/>
  <elementRef key="salute"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element closer
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | byline
    | signed
    | dateline
    | salute
    | model.phrase
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <closer> (closer)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <closer> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <closer> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="preface">
 <head>To Henry Hope.</head>
 <p>It is not because this volume was conceived and partly
   executed amid the glades and galleries of the Deepdene,
   that I have inscribed it with your name. ... I shall find a
   reflex to their efforts in your own generous spirit and
   enlightened mind.
 </p>
 <closer>
  <signed xml:lang="el">D.</signed>
  <dateline>Grosvenor Gate, May-Day, 1844</dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="letter" n="14">
 <head>Letter XIV: Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe</head>
 <opener>
  <dateline>Thursday evening, March 2.</dateline>
 </opener>
 <p>On Hannah's depositing my long letter ...</p>
 <p>An interruption obliges me to conclude myself
   in some hurry, as well as fright, what I must ever be,</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Yours more than my own,</salute>
  <signed>Clarissa Harlowe</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Et, sur cet océan bourdonnant de mille vaguelettes, se leva l'armée caressante et si
   tendre des merveilleuses sirènes blondes aux seins durs comme ça. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Thionne-Paris</name>, <date>1950-1951.</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<dateline>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> perhaps you will favour me with a sight of it when convenient.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I remain, &amp;c. &amp;c.</salute>
  <signed>H. Colburn</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> N'y voyez que le signe de l'intérêt que je que je porte à une profession qui fut la
   mienne. Je désire en effet, insérer votre article dans un ouvrage sur la presse
   française contemporaine. </p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Veuillez agréer, je vous prie, Monsieur, l'assurance de mes sentiments les
     meilleurs. </salute>
  <signed> Françoise Giroud</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>Voilà, cher Rhedi, ce que j' appelle le droit public. Voilà le droit des gens, ou
   plutôt celui de la raison. </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">à Paris </name>, <date>le 4 de la lune de Zilhagé, 1716. </date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> 不久，我們就能再見面。</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>祝事事順心</salute>
  <signed>謝甯</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p> 自己想吃人，又怕被別人吃了，都用著疑心极深的眼光，面面相覷。…… </p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">南京</name>
   <date>1918–1919</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="chapter">
 <p>
<!-- ... --> and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.</p>
 <closer>
  <dateline>
   <name type="place">Trieste-Zürich-Paris,</name>
   <date>1914–1921</date>
  </dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

<signed>

<closer>
 <signed>Sign'd and Seal'd,
 <list>
   <item>John Bull,</item>
   <item>Nic. Frog.</item>
  </list>
 </signed>
</closer>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1942">Printemps 1942 </date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Cher ami, </salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Le printemps vient maintenant. J'espère que là où tu es le climat à cette saison n'est
   pas encore pénible. C'est le moment des travaux des champs ; peut-être arrivera-t-on à
   quelque chose pour toi. S'il n'y a pas moyen de te faire venir en France, faut-il faire
   des démarches pour essayer de te faire quitter l'Europe ? Écris-le-moi. </p>
 <p>[...] </p>
 <closer>
  <salute> Crois à mon amitié fraternelle. </salute>
  <signed>Simone Weil </signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>Voici la traduction de quelques vers grecs d'Eschyle. Ils sont prononcés par
     Prométhée, le dieu qui, d'après les croyances des Grecs, avait sauvé les hommes de la
     destruction, avait volé le feu pour le leur donner et leur avait appris le langage, le
     nombre, l'astronomie, les métiers et les arts. Il en fut puni et fut cloué sur un
     rocher. La tragédie d'Eschyle commence par la scène où on le cloue ; il se tait
     pendant ce temps, puis, quand ses bourreaux sont partis, il dit : [...]</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1911-03-26">辛亥三月二十六</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>意映卿卿如晤：</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>吾今以此書與汝永別矣！吾作此書，淚珠和筆墨齊下，不能竟書，而欲擱筆！又恐汝不察吾衷，謂吾忍舍汝而死，謂吾不知汝之不欲吾死也，故遂忍悲為汝言之。...</p>
 <closer>
  <signed>夜四鼓<name>意洞</name>手書</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p>Tant qu'il existera, par le fait des lois et des moeurs, une
     damnation sociale créant artificiellement, en pleine civilisation,
     des enfers, et compliquant d'une fatalité humaine la destinée qui
     est divine ; tant que les trois problèmes du siècle, la dégradation
     de l'homme par le prolétariat, la déchéance de la femme par la faim,
     l'atrophie de l'enfant par la nuit, ne seront pas résolus; tant que,
     dans certaines régions, l'asphyxie sociale sera possible; en
     d'autres termes, et à un point de vue plus étendu encore, tant qu'il
     aura sur la terre ignorance et misère, des livres de la nature de
     celui-ci pourront ne pas être inutiles.</p>
  <closer>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Hauteville-House</name>
    <date>1er janvier 1862</date>
   </dateline>
  </closer>
 </div>
</front>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<salute>

<salute> (salutation) contains a salutation or greeting prefixed to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text, or the salutation in the closing of a letter, preface, etc. [4.2.2. Openers and Closers]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.divWrapper

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

textstructure: body closer div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group opener

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<salute>To all courteous mindes, that will voutchsafe the readinge.</salute>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element salute
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <salute> (salutation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <salute> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <salute> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

4. Default Text Structure

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datable.w3c

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <placeName>Dorchester, Village,</placeName>
  <date when="1828-03-02">March 2d. 1828.</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>To
   Mrs. Cornell,</salute> Sunday <time when="12:00:00">noon.</time>
</opener>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="letter" n="14">
 <head>Letter XIV: Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe</head>
 <opener>
  <dateline>Thursday evening, March 2.</dateline>
 </opener>
 <p>On Hannah's depositing my long letter ...</p>
 <p>An interruption obliges me to conclude myself
   in some hurry, as well as fright, what I must ever be,</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Yours more than my own,</salute>
  <signed>Clarissa Harlowe</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">杭州西湖</name>
  <date>2008年4月1日</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>親愛的小張：</salute>
</opener>
<p>很抱歉，我今天有事無法赴約，希望您能諒解...</p>

<opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <name type="place">Great Marlborough Street</name>
  <date>November 11, 1848</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>My dear Sir,</salute>
</opener>
<p>I am sorry to say that absence from town and other circumstances have prevented me from
earlier enquiring...</p>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> perhaps you will favour me with a sight of it when convenient.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I remain, &amp;c. &amp;c.</salute>
  <signed>H. Colburn</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> N'y voyez que le signe de l'intérêt que je que je porte à une profession qui fut la
   mienne. Je désire en effet, insérer votre article dans un ouvrage sur la presse
   française contemporaine. </p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Veuillez agréer, je vous prie, Monsieur, l'assurance de mes sentiments les
     meilleurs. </salute>
  <signed> Françoise Giroud</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> 不久，我們就能再見面。</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>祝事事順心</salute>
  <signed>謝甯</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<salute>

<salute>To all courteous mindes, that will voutchsafe the readinge.</salute>

<salute>

<salute>Faites toutes mes amitiés à votre femme et recevez, mon cher ami, l'expression de
mes sentiments affectueux et dévoués. </salute>

<salute>

<salute>致敬啟者</salute>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1942">Printemps 1942 </date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Cher ami, </salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Le printemps vient maintenant. J'espère que là où tu es le climat à cette saison n'est
   pas encore pénible. C'est le moment des travaux des champs ; peut-être arrivera-t-on à
   quelque chose pour toi. S'il n'y a pas moyen de te faire venir en France, faut-il faire
   des démarches pour essayer de te faire quitter l'Europe ? Écris-le-moi. </p>
 <p>[...] </p>
 <closer>
  <salute> Crois à mon amitié fraternelle. </salute>
  <signed>Simone Weil </signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>Voici la traduction de quelques vers grecs d'Eschyle. Ils sont prononcés par
     Prométhée, le dieu qui, d'après les croyances des Grecs, avait sauvé les hommes de la
     destruction, avait volé le feu pour le leur donner et leur avait appris le langage, le
     nombre, l'astronomie, les métiers et les arts. Il en fut puni et fut cloué sur un
     rocher. La tragédie d'Eschyle commence par la scène où on le cloue ; il se tait
     pendant ce temps, puis, quand ses bourreaux sont partis, il dit : [...]</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1911-03-26">辛亥三月二十六</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>意映卿卿如晤：</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>吾今以此書與汝永別矣！吾作此書，淚珠和筆墨齊下，不能竟書，而欲擱筆！又恐汝不察吾衷，謂吾忍舍汝而死，謂吾不知汝之不欲吾死也，故遂忍悲為汝言之。...</p>
 <closer>
  <signed>夜四鼓<name>意洞</name>手書</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="corrigenda">
  <head>Addenda</head>
  <salute xml:lang="la">M. Scriblerus Lectori</salute>
  <p>Once more, gentle reader I appeal unto thee, from the shameful
     ignorance of the Editor, by whom Our own Specimen of
  <name>Virgil</name> hath been mangled in such miserable manner, that
     scarce without tears can we behold it. At the very entrance, Instead
     of <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγομενα</q>, lo!
  <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγωμενα</q> with an Omega!
     and in the same line <q xml:lang="la">consulâs</q> with a circumflex!
     In the next page thou findest <q xml:lang="la">leviter perlabere</q>,
     which his ignorance took to be the infinitive mood of
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabor</q> but ought to be
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabi</q> ... Wipe away all these
     monsters, Reader, with thy quill.</p>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>The Golden Dream or, the Ingenuous Confession</head>
  <p>TO shew the Depravity of human Nature, and how apt the Mind is to be misled by Trinkets
     and false Appearances, Mrs. Two-Shoes does acknowledge, that after she became rich, she
     had like to have been, too fond of Money
<!-- .... -->
  </p>
 </div>
<!-- ... -->
 <div type="epistle">
  <head>A letter from the Printer, which he desires may be inserted</head>
  <salute>Sir.</salute>
  <p>I have done with your Copy, so you may return it to the Vatican, if you please;

<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>The Books usually read by the Scholars of Mrs Two-Shoes are these and are sold at Mr
     Newbery's at the Bible and Sun in St Paul's Church-yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">The Christmas Box, Price 1d.</item>
   <item n="2">The History of Giles Gingerbread, 1d.</item>
<!-- ... -->
   <item n="42">A Curious Collection of Travels, selected from the Writers of all Nations,
       10 Vol, Pr. bound 1l.</item>
  </list>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>By the KING's Royal Patent, Are sold by J. NEWBERY, at the Bible and Sun in St.
     Paul's Church-Yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">Dr. James's Powders for Fevers, the Small-Pox, Measles, Colds, &amp;c. 2s.
       6d</item>
   <item n="2">Dr. Hooper's Female Pills, 1s.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div1 type="appendix">
  <head>臺灣現代詩論戰史資料彙編</head>
  <p>現代詩論戰史第一階段</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="epistle">
  <head>白先勇致瘂弦洛夫</head>
  <salute>您好，</salute>
  <p>您的副本我已使用完畢，可以歸還了，麻煩您。</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>本論文提及的專書，可於台灣各大書店詢問訂購。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">陳芳明《詩與現實》，台北：洪範，1983。</item>
   <item n="2">洛夫《詩人之鏡》，台北：大業，1969。</item>
   <item n="42">廖炳惠《回顧現代》，台北：麥田，1994。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>
   <hi rend="center">詩集、詩選</hi>也可於網路書店購得。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">余光中《天狼星》，台北：洪範，1976。</item>
   <item n="2">席慕蓉著《無怨的青春》，台北，大地，1983。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
</back>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<signed>

<signed> (signature) contains the closing salutation, etc., appended to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text. [4.2.2. Openers and Closers]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.divBottomPart model.divTopPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

textstructure: back body closer div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group opener postscript

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<signed>Thine to command <name>Humph. Moseley</name>
</signed>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<closer>
 <signed>Sign'd and Seal'd,
 <list>
   <item>John Bull,</item>
   <item>Nic. Frog.</item>
  </list>
 </signed>
</closer>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element signed
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <signed> (signature)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <signed> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <signed> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

4. Default Text Structure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.cmc

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="2" synch="#t00394407" who="#WU00005582">
 <p> Kurze Nachfrage: Die Hieros für den Goldnamen stammen
   auch von Beckerath gem. Literatur ? Grüße --</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">18:50, 22. Okt. 2008 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="written" generatedBy="human">
<!-- ... main content of posting ... -->
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.indentation

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="preface">
 <head>To Henry Hope.</head>
 <p>It is not because this volume was conceived and partly
   executed amid the glades and galleries of the Deepdene,
   that I have inscribed it with your name. ... I shall find a
   reflex to their efforts in your own generous spirit and
   enlightened mind.
 </p>
 <closer>
  <signed xml:lang="el">D.</signed>
  <dateline>Grosvenor Gate, May-Day, 1844</dateline>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="narrative" n="6">
 <head>Sixth Narrative</head>
 <head>contributed by Sergeant Cuff</head>
 <div type="fragment" n="6.1">
  <opener>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Dorking, Surrey,</name>
    <date>July 30th, 1849</date>
   </dateline>
   <salute>To <name>Franklin Blake, Esq.</name> Sir, —</salute>
  </opener>
  <p>I beg to apologize for the delay that has occurred in the
     production of the Report, with which I engaged to furnish you.
     I have waited to make it a complete Report ...</p>
  <closer>
   <salute>I have the honour to remain, dear sir, your
       obedient servant </salute>
   <signed>
    <name>RICHARD CUFF</name> (late sergeant in the
       Detective Force, Scotland Yard, London). </signed>
  </closer>
 </div>
</div>

4.2.2. Openers and Closers

<div type="letter" n="14">
 <head>Letter XIV: Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe</head>
 <opener>
  <dateline>Thursday evening, March 2.</dateline>
 </opener>
 <p>On Hannah's depositing my long letter ...</p>
 <p>An interruption obliges me to conclude myself
   in some hurry, as well as fright, what I must ever be,</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Yours more than my own,</salute>
  <signed>Clarissa Harlowe</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> perhaps you will favour me with a sight of it when convenient.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I remain, &amp;c. &amp;c.</salute>
  <signed>H. Colburn</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> N'y voyez que le signe de l'intérêt que je que je porte à une profession qui fut la
   mienne. Je désire en effet, insérer votre article dans un ouvrage sur la presse
   française contemporaine. </p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Veuillez agréer, je vous prie, Monsieur, l'assurance de mes sentiments les
     meilleurs. </salute>
  <signed> Françoise Giroud</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<closer>

<div type="letter">
 <p> 不久，我們就能再見面。</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>祝事事順心</salute>
  <signed>謝甯</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

<signed>

<signed>Thine to command <name>Humph. Moseley</name>
</signed>

<signed>

<closer>
 <signed>Sign'd and Seal'd,
 <list>
   <item>John Bull,</item>
   <item>Nic. Frog.</item>
  </list>
 </signed>
</closer>

<signed>

<signed>votre fidèle amante, <name>Manon Lescaut.</name>
</signed>

<signed>

<signed>
 <name>李敖</name>，于台北。

</signed>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1942">Printemps 1942 </date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Cher ami, </salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Le printemps vient maintenant. J'espère que là où tu es le climat à cette saison n'est
   pas encore pénible. C'est le moment des travaux des champs ; peut-être arrivera-t-on à
   quelque chose pour toi. S'il n'y a pas moyen de te faire venir en France, faut-il faire
   des démarches pour essayer de te faire quitter l'Europe ? Écris-le-moi. </p>
 <p>[...] </p>
 <closer>
  <salute> Crois à mon amitié fraternelle. </salute>
  <signed>Simone Weil </signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>Voici la traduction de quelques vers grecs d'Eschyle. Ils sont prononcés par
     Prométhée, le dieu qui, d'après les croyances des Grecs, avait sauvé les hommes de la
     destruction, avait volé le feu pour le leur donner et leur avait appris le langage, le
     nombre, l'astronomie, les métiers et les arts. Il en fut puni et fut cloué sur un
     rocher. La tragédie d'Eschyle commence par la scène où on le cloue ; il se tait
     pendant ce temps, puis, quand ses bourreaux sont partis, il dit : [...]</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1911-03-26">辛亥三月二十六</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>意映卿卿如晤：</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>吾今以此書與汝永別矣！吾作此書，淚珠和筆墨齊下，不能竟書，而欲擱筆！又恐汝不察吾衷，謂吾忍舍汝而死，謂吾不知汝之不欲吾死也，故遂忍悲為汝言之。...</p>
 <closer>
  <signed>夜四鼓<name>意洞</name>手書</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

4.5. Front Matter

<div type="dedication">
 <p>To my parents, Ida and Max Fish</p>
</div>
<div type="preface">
 <head>Preface</head>
 <p>The answer this book gives to its title question is <q>there is
     and there isn't</q>.</p>
 <p>Chapters 1–12 have been previously published in the
   following journals and collections:
 <list>
   <item>chapters 1 and 3 in <title>New literary History</title>
   </item>
   <item>chapter 10 in <title>Boundary II</title> (1980)</item>
  </list>.
   I am grateful for permission to reprint.</p>
 <signed>S.F.</signed>
</div>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="letter">
  <head>A letter written to his wife, founde with this booke
     after his death.</head>
  <p>The remembrance of the many wrongs offred thee, and thy
     unreproued vertues, adde greater sorrow to my miserable state,
     than I can utter or thou conceiue. ...
     ... yet trust I in the world to come to find mercie, by the
     merites of my Saiuour to whom I commend thee, and commit
     my soule.</p>
  <signed>Thy repentant husband for his disloyaltie,
  <name>Robert Greene.</name>
  </signed>
  <epigraph xml:lang="la">
   <p>Faelicem fuisse infaustum</p>
  </epigraph>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </div>
</back>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post19" indentLevel="0" who="#u005" synch="#t005">
 <p>I'm not sure that this is a proper criterium, or even what this means. What if we set
   an explosion that breaks a comet into two pieces? What if we build a moon? Cheers,
 </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:Greenodd">Greenodd</ref> (<ref target="/wiki/User_talk:Greenodd">talk</ref>) <time>01:00, 21
     July 2011 (UTC)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <body>: --><div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post05" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="./userList.xml#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post07" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
  <date when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z">01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
 </signed>
</post>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z" who="#u006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
 </signed>
</post>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post08" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern. </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"> [_DELETED-SIGNATURE_]
 <date synch="#t007">[_DELETED-TIMESTAMP_]</date>
 </signed>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich
   selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel
   glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

<post>

<post when="1990-10-11" who="#dmerritt"
 xml:id="sgml-tei-3" replyTo="#sgml-tei-1">
 <time generatedBy="system">04:37:51 UTC</time>
 <p>
  <seg generatedBy="system">In article
  <ref target="#sgml-tei-1"><2****.**********0@m*******.***.*****.**c.uk></ref> S.*.*.*****z@e**.*****.**c.uk (Sebastian Rahtz) writes:</seg>
  <cit>
   <bibl>[for] Lou Burnard:</bibl>
   <quote>the Text Encoding Initiative document is a many-splendoured thing,
       redolent of the mysterious east, caribbean evenings and the scent of
       fresh pine in the himalayas [...]</quote>
  </cit>
 </p>
 <p>Very poetic.</p>
 <p>But really, what is it?</p>
 <signed generatedBy="human">Doug</signed>
 <signed generatedBy="template">Doug Merritt ****@e***.********y.edu (ucbvax!eris!doug) or uunet.uu.net!crossck!dougm
 </signed>
</post>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<postscript>

<postscript> contains a postscript, e.g. to a letter. [4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.divBottomPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

textstructure: back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group postscript

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: closer floatingText opener postscript signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <classRef key="model.divTopPart"/>
  </alternate>
  <classRef key="model.common"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <classRef key="model.common"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divBottomPart"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element postscript
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   (
      ( model.global | model.divTopPart )*,
      model.common,
      ( model.global | model.common )*,
      ( ( model.divBottomPart, model.global* )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <postscript>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <postscript> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <postscript> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <date when="1942">Printemps 1942 </date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Cher ami, </salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Le printemps vient maintenant. J'espère que là où tu es le climat à cette saison n'est
   pas encore pénible. C'est le moment des travaux des champs ; peut-être arrivera-t-on à
   quelque chose pour toi. S'il n'y a pas moyen de te faire venir en France, faut-il faire
   des démarches pour essayer de te faire quitter l'Europe ? Écris-le-moi. </p>
 <p>[...] </p>
 <closer>
  <salute> Crois à mon amitié fraternelle. </salute>
  <signed>Simone Weil </signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>Voici la traduction de quelques vers grecs d'Eschyle. Ils sont prononcés par
     Prométhée, le dieu qui, d'après les croyances des Grecs, avait sauvé les hommes de la
     destruction, avait volé le feu pour le leur donner et leur avait appris le langage, le
     nombre, l'astronomie, les métiers et les arts. Il en fut puni et fut cloué sur un
     rocher. La tragédie d'Eschyle commence par la scène où on le cloue ; il se tait
     pendant ce temps, puis, quand ses bourreaux sont partis, il dit : [...]</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

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C Elements

<titlePage>

<titlePage> (title page) contains the title page of a text, appearing within the front or back matter. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
classifies the title page according to any convenient typology.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Note

This attribute allows the same element to be used for volume title pages, series title pages, etc., as well as for the ‘main’ title page of a work.

Member of

model.frontPart

Contained by

msdescription: msContents

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back front

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: binaryObject cb ellipsis gap gb graphic index lb milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: argument byline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph imprimatur titlePart

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.global"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.titlepagePart"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.titlepagePart"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element titlePage
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   (
      model.global*,
      model.titlepagePart,
      ( model.titlepagePart | model.global )*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <titlePage> (title page)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <titlePage> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <titlePage> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<titlePage>
 <docTitle rendition="#center #x-space">
  <titlePart>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-large">THE POEMS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#small">OF</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #xx-large">ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#large #xx-space">IN SIX VOLUMES</hi>
  </titlePart>
  <titlePart rendition="#xx-space">
   <lb/> VOLUME I.
  <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #x-large">POEMS AND BALLADS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-space">FIRST SERIES</hi>
  </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docImprint rendition="#center">
  <lb/>
  <pubPlace rendition="#xx-space">LONDON</pubPlace>
  <lb/>
  <publisher rendition="#red #expanded">CHATTO &amp; WINDUS</publisher>
  <lb/>
  <docDate when="1904" rendition="#small">1904</docDate>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.2.1. Referencing system derived from markup

<text xml:id="Text-1" n="AB">
 <front xml:id="Front" n="AB.1">
  <div xml:id="Front.div-1" n="AB.1.1">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
  <titlePage xml:id="Front.titlePage"
   n="AB.1.2">
   <titlePart> ... </titlePart>
  </titlePage>
  <div xml:id="Front.div-2" n="AB.1.3">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <body xml:id="Body" n="AB.2">
  <p xml:id="Body.p-1" n="AB.2.1"> ... </p>
  <p xml:id="Body.p-2" n="AB.2.2"> ... </p>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-1" n="AB.2.3">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-1.head"
    n="AB.2.3.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-1" n="AB.2.3.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-2" n="AB.2.3.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-2" n="AB.2.4">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-2.head"
    n="AB.2.4.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-1" n="AB.2.4.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-2" n="AB.2.4.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<titlePage>
 <docAuthor>E. M. Forster</docAuthor>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Howards End</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <q>Only connect...</q>
 </epigraph>
</titlePage>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.6. Title Pages

<front>
 <titlePage>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Is There a Text in This Class?</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub">The Authority of Interpretive Communities</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docAuthor>Stanley Fish</docAuthor>
  <docImprint>
   <publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Cambridge, Massachusetts</pubPlace>
   <pubPlace>London, England</pubPlace>
  </docImprint>
 </titlePage>
</front>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<docAuthor>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four
     Parts.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline> By <docAuthor>Lemuel Gulliver</docAuthor>, First a Surgeon,
   and then a Captain of several Ships</byline>
</titlePage>

<docAuthor>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Le quart livre de faicts et dict Heroiques du bon
     Pantagruel</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline>Composé par <docAuthor>M. François Rabelais</docAuthor> docteur en Medicine.</byline>
</titlePage>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<docTitle>

<docTitle> (document title) contains the title of a document, including all its constituents, as given on a title page. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Member of

model.pLike.front model.titlepagePart

Contained by

msdescription: msItem

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back front titlePage

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb ellipsis gap gb index lb milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: titlePart

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">The DUNCIAD, VARIOURVM.</titlePart>
 <titlePart type="sub">WITH THE PROLEGOMENA of SCRIBLERUS.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.global"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="titlePart"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element docTitle
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   ( model.global*, ( ( titlePart, model.global* )+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <docTitle> (document title)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <docTitle> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <docTitle> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

11. Manuscript Description

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<titlePage>
 <docTitle rendition="#center #x-space">
  <titlePart>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-large">THE POEMS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#small">OF</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #xx-large">ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#large #xx-space">IN SIX VOLUMES</hi>
  </titlePart>
  <titlePart rendition="#xx-space">
   <lb/> VOLUME I.
  <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #x-large">POEMS AND BALLADS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-space">FIRST SERIES</hi>
  </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docImprint rendition="#center">
  <lb/>
  <pubPlace rendition="#xx-space">LONDON</pubPlace>
  <lb/>
  <publisher rendition="#red #expanded">CHATTO &amp; WINDUS</publisher>
  <lb/>
  <docDate when="1904" rendition="#small">1904</docDate>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

4. Default Text Structure

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Autumn Haze</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Is it a dragonfly or a maple leaf</l>
  <l>That settles softly down upon the water?</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Souvenir de la nuit du 4</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Il avait dans sa poche une toupie en buis.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>憶江南</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>江南好，</l>
  <l>風景舊曾諳。</l>
  <l>日出江花紅胜火，</l>
  <l>春來江水綠如藍，</l>
  <l>能不憶江南。</l>
 </body>
</text>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<titlePage>
 <docAuthor>E. M. Forster</docAuthor>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Howards End</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <q>Only connect...</q>
 </epigraph>
</titlePage>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.6. Title Pages

<front>
 <titlePage>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Is There a Text in This Class?</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub">The Authority of Interpretive Communities</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docAuthor>Stanley Fish</docAuthor>
  <docImprint>
   <publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Cambridge, Massachusetts</pubPlace>
   <pubPlace>London, England</pubPlace>
  </docImprint>
 </titlePage>
</front>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<docTitle>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">The DUNCIAD, VARIOURVM.</titlePart>
 <titlePart type="sub">WITH THE PROLEGOMENA of SCRIBLERUS.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<docTitle>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">LES CHOSES</titlePart>
 <titlePart type="sub">Une histoire des années soixante.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<docTitle>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">食物的歷史</titlePart>
 <titlePart type="sub">透視人類的飲食與文明 </titlePart>
</docTitle>

<titlePart>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">THE FORTUNES
   AND MISFORTUNES Of the FAMOUS
   Moll Flanders, &amp;c.
 </titlePart>
 <titlePart type="desc">Who was BORN in NEWGATE,
   And during a Life of continu'd Variety for
   Threescore Years, besides her Childhood, was
   Twelve Year a <hi>Whore</hi>, five times a <hi>Wife</hi> (wherof
   once to her own Brother) Twelve Year a <hi>Thief,</hi>
   Eight Year a Transported <hi>Felon</hi> in <hi>Virginia</hi>,
   at last grew <hi>Rich</hi>, liv'd <hi>Honest</hi>, and died a
 <hi>Penitent</hi>.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<titlePart>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">Cinq semaines en ballon.</titlePart>
 <titlePart type="desc">Voyage de découvertes en Afrique par 3 anglais.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<titlePart>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">千年一嘆 </titlePart>
 <titlePart type="desc">這是一份真實的考察日記，記錄余秋雨在 20 世紀最後幾個月的數萬里行程。余秋雨與鳳凰電視台一行於 1999 年 9 月 27 日啟程，尋訪世界的古老文明。旅程開始時，5 輛吉普車從香港海運至埃及亞歷山大港，人員乘坐飛機至希臘雅典，考察完希臘本土和克利特島後至開羅，與吉普車會合，然後由吉普車走完全程，直至返回香港。</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<docAuthor>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four
     Parts.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline> By <docAuthor>Lemuel Gulliver</docAuthor>, First a Surgeon,
   and then a Captain of several Ships</byline>
</titlePage>

<docAuthor>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Le quart livre de faicts et dict Heroiques du bon
     Pantagruel</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline>Composé par <docAuthor>M. François Rabelais</docAuthor> docteur en Medicine.</byline>
</titlePage>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<titlePart>

<titlePart> (title part) contains a subsection or division of the title of a work, as indicated on a title page. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
(type) specifies the role of this subdivision of the title.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

main

(main) main title of the work [Default]

sub

(subordinate) subtitle of the work

alt

(alternate) alternative title of the work

short

(short) abbreviated form of title

desc

(descriptive) descriptive paraphrase of the work

Member of

model.pLike.front model.titlepagePart

Contained by

msdescription: msItem

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back docTitle front titlePage

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">THE FORTUNES
   AND MISFORTUNES Of the FAMOUS
   Moll Flanders, &amp;c.
 </titlePart>
 <titlePart type="desc">Who was BORN in NEWGATE,
   And during a Life of continu'd Variety for
   Threescore Years, besides her Childhood, was
   Twelve Year a <hi>Whore</hi>, five times a <hi>Wife</hi> (wherof
   once to her own Brother) Twelve Year a <hi>Thief,</hi>
   Eight Year a Transported <hi>Felon</hi> in <hi>Virginia</hi>,
   at last grew <hi>Rich</hi>, liv'd <hi>Honest</hi>, and died a
 <hi>Penitent</hi>.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element titlePart
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      "main" | "sub" | "alt" | "short" | "desc" | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <titlePart> (title part)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <titlePart> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <titlePart> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

11. Manuscript Description

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<titlePage>
 <docTitle rendition="#center #x-space">
  <titlePart>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-large">THE POEMS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#small">OF</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #xx-large">ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#large #xx-space">IN SIX VOLUMES</hi>
  </titlePart>
  <titlePart rendition="#xx-space">
   <lb/> VOLUME I.
  <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #x-large">POEMS AND BALLADS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-space">FIRST SERIES</hi>
  </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docImprint rendition="#center">
  <lb/>
  <pubPlace rendition="#xx-space">LONDON</pubPlace>
  <lb/>
  <publisher rendition="#red #expanded">CHATTO &amp; WINDUS</publisher>
  <lb/>
  <docDate when="1904" rendition="#small">1904</docDate>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.2.1. Referencing system derived from markup

<text xml:id="Text-1" n="AB">
 <front xml:id="Front" n="AB.1">
  <div xml:id="Front.div-1" n="AB.1.1">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
  <titlePage xml:id="Front.titlePage"
   n="AB.1.2">
   <titlePart> ... </titlePart>
  </titlePage>
  <div xml:id="Front.div-2" n="AB.1.3">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <body xml:id="Body" n="AB.2">
  <p xml:id="Body.p-1" n="AB.2.1"> ... </p>
  <p xml:id="Body.p-2" n="AB.2.2"> ... </p>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-1" n="AB.2.3">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-1.head"
    n="AB.2.3.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-1" n="AB.2.3.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-2" n="AB.2.3.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-2" n="AB.2.4">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-2.head"
    n="AB.2.4.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-1" n="AB.2.4.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-2" n="AB.2.4.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

<lb>

<titlePart>
 <lb/>With Additions, ne-<lb break="no"/>ver before Printed.
</titlePart>

<lb>

<titlePart rend="italic">
 <lb/>L'auteur susdict supplie les Lecteurs
<lb/>benevoles, soy reserver à rire au
soi-<lb break="no"/>xante &amp; dixhuytiesme livre.

</titlePart>

<lb>

<titlePart>
 <lb/>With Additions, ne-<lb break="no"/>ver before Printed.
</titlePart>

4. Default Text Structure

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Autumn Haze</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Is it a dragonfly or a maple leaf</l>
  <l>That settles softly down upon the water?</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Souvenir de la nuit du 4</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Il avait dans sa poche une toupie en buis.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>憶江南</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>江南好，</l>
  <l>風景舊曾諳。</l>
  <l>日出江花紅胜火，</l>
  <l>春來江水綠如藍，</l>
  <l>能不憶江南。</l>
 </body>
</text>

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<titlePage>
 <docAuthor>E. M. Forster</docAuthor>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Howards End</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <q>Only connect...</q>
 </epigraph>
</titlePage>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.6. Title Pages

<front>
 <titlePage>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Is There a Text in This Class?</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub">The Authority of Interpretive Communities</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docAuthor>Stanley Fish</docAuthor>
  <docImprint>
   <publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Cambridge, Massachusetts</pubPlace>
   <pubPlace>London, England</pubPlace>
  </docImprint>
 </titlePage>
</front>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<docTitle>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">The DUNCIAD, VARIOURVM.</titlePart>
 <titlePart type="sub">WITH THE PROLEGOMENA of SCRIBLERUS.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<docTitle>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">LES CHOSES</titlePart>
 <titlePart type="sub">Une histoire des années soixante.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<docTitle>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">食物的歷史</titlePart>
 <titlePart type="sub">透視人類的飲食與文明 </titlePart>
</docTitle>

<titlePart>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">THE FORTUNES
   AND MISFORTUNES Of the FAMOUS
   Moll Flanders, &amp;c.
 </titlePart>
 <titlePart type="desc">Who was BORN in NEWGATE,
   And during a Life of continu'd Variety for
   Threescore Years, besides her Childhood, was
   Twelve Year a <hi>Whore</hi>, five times a <hi>Wife</hi> (wherof
   once to her own Brother) Twelve Year a <hi>Thief,</hi>
   Eight Year a Transported <hi>Felon</hi> in <hi>Virginia</hi>,
   at last grew <hi>Rich</hi>, liv'd <hi>Honest</hi>, and died a
 <hi>Penitent</hi>.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<titlePart>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">Cinq semaines en ballon.</titlePart>
 <titlePart type="desc">Voyage de découvertes en Afrique par 3 anglais.</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<titlePart>

<docTitle>
 <titlePart type="main">千年一嘆 </titlePart>
 <titlePart type="desc">這是一份真實的考察日記，記錄余秋雨在 20 世紀最後幾個月的數萬里行程。余秋雨與鳳凰電視台一行於 1999 年 9 月 27 日啟程，尋訪世界的古老文明。旅程開始時，5 輛吉普車從香港海運至埃及亞歷山大港，人員乘坐飛機至希臘雅典，考察完希臘本土和克利特島後至開羅，與吉普車會合，然後由吉普車走完全程，直至返回香港。</titlePart>
</docTitle>

<docAuthor>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four
     Parts.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline> By <docAuthor>Lemuel Gulliver</docAuthor>, First a Surgeon,
   and then a Captain of several Ships</byline>
</titlePage>

<docAuthor>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Le quart livre de faicts et dict Heroiques du bon
     Pantagruel</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline>Composé par <docAuthor>M. François Rabelais</docAuthor> docteur en Medicine.</byline>
</titlePage>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with ...</p>
</sp>
<stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
and Flagonson. Lilting):</stage>
<floatingText>
 <front>
  <titlePart>Kelly's Song</titlePart>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </body>
</floatingText>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<docAuthor>

<docAuthor> (document author) contains the name of the author of the document, as given on the title page (often but not always contained in a byline). [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.divWrapper model.pLike.front model.titlepagePart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

msdescription: msItem

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back body byline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front group titlePage

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The document author's name often occurs within a byline, but the docAuthor element may be used whether the byline element is used or not. It should be used only for the author(s) of the entire document, not for author(s) of any subset or part of it. (Attributions of authorship of a subset or part of the document, for example of a chapter in a textbook or an article in a newspaper, may be encoded with byline without docAuthor.)

Example

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four
     Parts.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline> By <docAuthor>Lemuel Gulliver</docAuthor>, First a Surgeon,
   and then a Captain of several Ships</byline>
</titlePage>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element docAuthor
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <docAuthor> (document author)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <docAuthor> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <docAuthor> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<titlePage>
 <docAuthor>E. M. Forster</docAuthor>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Howards End</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <q>Only connect...</q>
 </epigraph>
</titlePage>

<byline>

<byline>Par le docteur <docAuthor>Martin Becanus</docAuthor>, au tome troisiesme de ses
opuscules</byline>

<byline>

<byline>源自美國哥倫比亞大學博士<docAuthor>胡適</docAuthor>
</byline>

<byline>

<byline>BY
<docAuthor>THOMAS PHILIPOTT,</docAuthor>
Master of Arts,
(Somtimes)
Of Clare-Hall in Cambridge.</byline>

4.6. Title Pages

<front>
 <titlePage>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Is There a Text in This Class?</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub">The Authority of Interpretive Communities</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docAuthor>Stanley Fish</docAuthor>
  <docImprint>
   <publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Cambridge, Massachusetts</pubPlace>
   <pubPlace>London, England</pubPlace>
  </docImprint>
 </titlePage>
</front>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<docAuthor>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four
     Parts.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline> By <docAuthor>Lemuel Gulliver</docAuthor>, First a Surgeon,
   and then a Captain of several Ships</byline>
</titlePage>

<docAuthor>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart>Le quart livre de faicts et dict Heroiques du bon
     Pantagruel</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <byline>Composé par <docAuthor>M. François Rabelais</docAuthor> docteur en Medicine.</byline>
</titlePage>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<persPronouns>

<docAuthor>
 <persName>Lal Zimman</persName>
 <persPronouns value="he">(he/him/his)</persPronouns>
 <ref target="#Name">(FAQ)</ref>
 <persName type="IPA">[lɑɫ ˈzimn̩]</persName>
 <email>zimman at ucsb dot edu</email>
 <roleName>Assistant Professor of Linguistics</roleName>
 <roleName>Affiliated Faculty in Feminist Studies</roleName>
 <address>
  <addrLine>South Hall 3518</addrLine>
  <addrLine>University of California, Santa Barbara</addrLine>
 </address>
</docAuthor>

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C Elements

<imprimatur>

<imprimatur> (imprimatur) contains a formal statement authorizing the publication of a work, sometimes required to appear on a title page or its verso. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.titlepagePart

Contained by

msdescription: msItem

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: titlePage

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<imprimatur>Licensed and entred acording to Order.</imprimatur>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element imprimatur
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <imprimatur> (imprimatur)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <imprimatur> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <imprimatur> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

4. Default Text Structure

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<imprimatur>

<imprimatur>Licensed and entred acording to Order.</imprimatur>

<imprimatur>

<imprimatur>Paris, 20 juin 1968; E. Berrat, Vicaire général.</imprimatur>

<imprimatur>

<imprimatur>版權所有 翻印必究</imprimatur>

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<docEdition>

<docEdition> (document edition) contains an edition statement as presented on a title page of a document. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.pLike.front model.titlepagePart

Contained by

msdescription: msItem

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back front titlePage

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Cf. the edition element of bibliographic citation. As usual, the shorter name has been given to the more frequent element.

Example

<docEdition>The Third edition Corrected</docEdition>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element docEdition
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <docEdition> (document edition)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <docEdition> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <docEdition> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

4. Default Text Structure

4. Default Text Structure

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<docEdition>

<docEdition>The Third edition Corrected</docEdition>

<docEdition>

<docEdition>3e Edition Augmentée</docEdition>

<docEdition>

<docEdition>修訂第三版</docEdition>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<docImprint>

<docImprint> (document imprint) contains the imprint statement (place and date of publication, publisher name), as given (usually) at the foot of a title page. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.pLike.front model.titlepagePart

Contained by

msdescription: msItem

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back front titlePage

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr pubPlace publisher q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: docDate

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Cf. the imprint element of bibliographic citations. As with title, author, and editions, the shorter name is reserved for the element likely to be used more often.

Example

<docImprint>Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987</docImprint>

Show all ⚓︎

Imprints may be somewhat more complex:

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
Printed for <name>E. Nutt</name>,
at
<pubPlace>Royal Exchange</pubPlace>;
<name>J. Roberts</name> in
<pubPlace>wick-Lane</pubPlace>;
<name>A. Dodd</name> without
<pubPlace>Temple-Bar</pubPlace>;
and <name>J. Graves</name> in
<pubPlace>St. James's-street.</pubPlace>
 <date>1722.</date>
</docImprint>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <elementRef key="pubPlace"/>
  <elementRef key="docDate"/>
  <elementRef key="publisher"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element docImprint
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | pubPlace
    | docDate
    | publisher
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <docImprint> (document imprint)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <docImprint> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <docImprint> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

4. Default Text Structure

11. Manuscript Description

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<titlePage>
 <docTitle rendition="#center #x-space">
  <titlePart>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-large">THE POEMS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#small">OF</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #xx-large">ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#large #xx-space">IN SIX VOLUMES</hi>
  </titlePart>
  <titlePart rendition="#xx-space">
   <lb/> VOLUME I.
  <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #x-large">POEMS AND BALLADS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-space">FIRST SERIES</hi>
  </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docImprint rendition="#center">
  <lb/>
  <pubPlace rendition="#xx-space">LONDON</pubPlace>
  <lb/>
  <publisher rendition="#red #expanded">CHATTO &amp; WINDUS</publisher>
  <lb/>
  <docDate when="1904" rendition="#small">1904</docDate>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

4. Default Text Structure

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.6. Title Pages

<front>
 <titlePage>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Is There a Text in This Class?</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub">The Authority of Interpretive Communities</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docAuthor>Stanley Fish</docAuthor>
  <docImprint>
   <publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Cambridge, Massachusetts</pubPlace>
   <pubPlace>London, England</pubPlace>
  </docImprint>
 </titlePage>
</front>

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
Printed for <name>E. Nutt</name>,
at
<pubPlace>Royal Exchange</pubPlace>;
<name>J. Roberts</name> in
<pubPlace>wick-Lane</pubPlace>;
<name>A. Dodd</name> without
<pubPlace>Temple-Bar</pubPlace>;
and <name>J. Graves</name> in
<pubPlace>St. James's-street.</pubPlace>
 <date>1722.</date>
</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
Printed for <name>E. Nutt</name>,
at
<pubPlace>Royal Exchange</pubPlace>;
<name>J. Roberts</name> in
<pubPlace>wick-Lane</pubPlace>;
<name>A. Dodd</name> without
<pubPlace>Temple-Bar</pubPlace>;
and <name>J. Graves</name> in
<pubPlace>St. James's-street.</pubPlace>
 <date>1722.</date>
</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>2006, Les Editions Trintexte, Trinity College, Toronto, Canada M5S
1H8</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>PARIS</pubPlace>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
<pubPlace>Place de la Bourse</pubPlace>
</docImprint>
<docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>上海：中華書局，2001年。</docImprint>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <date>1995</date>年初版發行於<pubPlace>台北</pubPlace>：<pubPlace>麥田出版</pubPlace>，<name>王德威</name>主編 ; 另外亦出版於<pubPlace>香港</pubPlace>： <pubPlace>城邦</pubPlace>; <pubPlace>馬來西亞</pubPlace>：<pubPlace>城邦</pubPlace>。
</docImprint>

<docDate>

<docImprint>Oxford, Clarendon Press, <docDate>1987</docDate>
</docImprint>

<docDate>

<docImprint>Lettres Modernes Minard, <pubPlace>PARIS-CAEN</pubPlace>
 <docDate>2003</docDate>
</docImprint>

<docDate>

<docImprint>上海：中華書局，<docDate>2001</docDate>年。
</docImprint>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<docDate>

<docDate> (document date) contains the date of a document, as given on a title page or in a dateline. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.calendarSystem

@calendar

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

Member of

model.divWrapper model.pLike.front model.titlepagePart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: lg list

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue

figures: figure table

msdescription: msItem

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back body dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docImprint front group titlePage

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Cf. the general date element in the core tag set. This specialized element is provided for convenience in marking and processing the date of the documents, since it is likely to require specialized handling for many applications. It should be used only for the date of the entire document, not for any subset or part of it.

Example

<docImprint>Oxford, Clarendon Press, <docDate>1987</docDate>
</docImprint>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element docDate
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.calendarSystem.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <docDate> (document date)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <docDate> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <docDate> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

4. Default Text Structure

11. Manuscript Description

2. The TEI Header

2.3.4.1. Rendition

<titlePage>
 <docTitle rendition="#center #x-space">
  <titlePart>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-large">THE POEMS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#small">OF</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #xx-large">ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#large #xx-space">IN SIX VOLUMES</hi>
  </titlePart>
  <titlePart rendition="#xx-space">
   <lb/> VOLUME I.
  <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#red #x-large">POEMS AND BALLADS</hi>
   <lb/>
   <hi rendition="#x-space">FIRST SERIES</hi>
  </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docImprint rendition="#center">
  <lb/>
  <pubPlace rendition="#xx-space">LONDON</pubPlace>
  <lb/>
  <publisher rendition="#red #expanded">CHATTO &amp; WINDUS</publisher>
  <lb/>
  <docDate when="1904" rendition="#small">1904</docDate>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

4. Default Text Structure

4.6. Title Pages

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THE
  <lb/>Pilgrim's Progress
  <lb/>FROM
  <lb/>THIS WORLD,
  <lb/>TO
  <lb/>That which is to come:</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub">Delivered under the Similitude of a
  <lb/>DREAM</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="desc">Wherein is Discovered,
  <lb/>The manner of his setting out,
  <lb/>His Dangerous Journey; And safe
  <lb/>Arrival at the Desired Countrey.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <epigraph>
  <cit>
   <quote>I have used Similitudes,</quote>
   <bibl>Hos. 12.10</bibl>
  </cit>
 </epigraph>
 <byline>By <docAuthor>John Bunyan</docAuthor>.</byline>
 <imprimatur>Licensed and Entred according to Order.</imprimatur>
 <docImprint>
  <pubPlace>LONDON,</pubPlace>
   Printed for <name>Nath. Ponder</name>
  <lb/>at the <name>Peacock</name> in the <name>Poultrey</name>
  <lb/>near <name>Cornhil</name>, <docDate>1678</docDate>.
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main"> Histoire du Roi de Bohême</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="sub"> et de ses sept châteaux </titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <titlePart>Pastiche.</titlePart>
 <byline>Par <docAuthor>Charles Nodier</docAuthor>
 </byline>
 <epigraph>
  <q>O imitatores, servum pecus! </q>
  <bibl>Horat., Epist. I. XIX, 19.</bibl>
 </epigraph>
 <docImprint>
  <name>PARIS</name>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
 <name>Place de la Bourse</name>
 </docImprint>
 <docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>
</titlePage>

<docImprint>

<docImprint>
 <pubPlace>PARIS</pubPlace>, <name>Delangle Frères</name> Éditeurs-libraires,
<pubPlace>Place de la Bourse</pubPlace>
</docImprint>
<docDate>MDCCCXXX</docDate>

<docDate>

<docImprint>Oxford, Clarendon Press, <docDate>1987</docDate>
</docImprint>

<docDate>

<docImprint>Lettres Modernes Minard, <pubPlace>PARIS-CAEN</pubPlace>
 <docDate>2003</docDate>
</docImprint>

<docDate>

<docImprint>上海：中華書局，<docDate>2001</docDate>年。
</docImprint>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<front>

<front> (front matter) contains any prefatory matter (headers, abstracts, title page, prefaces, dedications, etc.) found at the start of a document, before the main body. [4.6. Title Pages 4. Default Text Structure]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

Contained by

textstructure: floatingText text

transcr: facsimile

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb divGen ellipsis gap gb head index lb listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: schemaSpec

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div div1 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph postscript salute signed titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

Because cultural conventions differ as to which elements are grouped as front matter and which as back matter, the content models for the front and back elements are identical.

Example

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla
     pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: <q xml:lang="grc">Σίβυλλα τί
       θέλεις</q>; respondebat illa: <q xml:lang="grc">ὰποθανεῖν θέλω.</q>
  </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>For Ezra Pound <q xml:lang="it">il miglior fabbro.</q>
  </p>
 </div>
</front>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>To our three selves</p>
 </div>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Author's Note</head>
  <p>All the characters in this book are purely imaginary, and if the
     author has used names that may suggest a reference to living persons
     she has done so inadvertently. ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<front>
 <div type="abstract">
  <div>
   <head> BACKGROUND:</head>
   <p>Food insecurity can put children at greater risk of obesity because
       of altered food choices and nonuniform consumption patterns.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> OBJECTIVE:</head>
   <p>We examined the association between obesity and both child-level
       food insecurity and personal food insecurity in US children.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> DESIGN:</head>
   <p>Data from 9,701 participants in the National Health and Nutrition
       Examination Survey, 2001-2010, aged 2 to 11 years were analyzed.
       Child-level food insecurity was assessed with the US Department of
       Agriculture's Food Security Survey Module based on eight
       child-specific questions. Personal food insecurity was assessed with
       five additional questions. Obesity was defined, using physical
       measurements, as body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) greater than
       or equal to the age- and sex-specific 95th percentile of the Centers
       for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Logistic
       regressions adjusted for sex, race/ethnic group, poverty level, and
       survey year were conducted to describe associations between obesity
       and food insecurity.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> RESULTS:</head>
   <p>Obesity was significantly associated with personal food insecurity
       for children aged 6 to 11 years (odds ratio=1.81; 95% CI 1.33 to
       2.48), but not in children aged 2 to 5 years (odds ratio=0.88; 95%
       CI 0.51 to 1.51). Child-level food insecurity was not associated
       with obesity among 2- to 5-year-olds or 6- to 11-year-olds.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> CONCLUSIONS:</head>
   <p>Personal food insecurity is associated with an increased risk of
       obesity only in children aged 6 to 11 years. Personal
       food-insecurity measures may give different results than aggregate
       food-insecurity measures in children.</p>
  </div>
 </div>
</front>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.frontPart"/>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.pLike.front"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <alternate>
    <sequence>
     <classRef key="model.div1Like"/>
     <alternate minOccurs="0"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <classRef key="model.div1Like"/>
      <classRef key="model.frontPart"/>
      <classRef key="model.global"/>
     </alternate>
    </sequence>
    <sequence>
     <classRef key="model.divLike"/>
     <alternate minOccurs="0"
      maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <classRef key="model.divLike"/>
      <classRef key="model.frontPart"/>
      <classRef key="model.global"/>
     </alternate>
    </sequence>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="0">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
     <classRef key="model.global"/>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element front
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   (
      ( model.frontPart | model.pLike | model.pLike.front | model.global )*,
      (
         (
            (
               (
                  model.div1Like,
                  ( model.div1Like | model.frontPart | model.global )*
               )
             | (
                  model.divLike,
                  ( model.divLike | model.frontPart | model.global )*
               )
            ),
            ( ( model.divBottom, ( model.divBottom | model.global )* )? )
         )?
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <front> (front matter)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <front> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <front> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

6. Verse

7. Performance Texts

23. Documentation Elements

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.2.1. Referencing system derived from markup

<text xml:id="Text-1" n="AB">
 <front xml:id="Front" n="AB.1">
  <div xml:id="Front.div-1" n="AB.1.1">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
  <titlePage xml:id="Front.titlePage"
   n="AB.1.2">
   <titlePart> ... </titlePart>
  </titlePage>
  <div xml:id="Front.div-2" n="AB.1.3">
   <p> ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <body xml:id="Body" n="AB.2">
  <p xml:id="Body.p-1" n="AB.2.1"> ... </p>
  <p xml:id="Body.p-2" n="AB.2.2"> ... </p>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-1" n="AB.2.3">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-1.head"
    n="AB.2.3.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-1" n="AB.2.3.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-1.p-2" n="AB.2.3.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
  <div xml:id="Body.div-2" n="AB.2.4">
   <head xml:id="Body.div-2.head"
    n="AB.2.4.1"> ... </head>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-1" n="AB.2.4.2"> ... </p>
   <p xml:id="Body.div-2.p-2" n="AB.2.4.3"> ... </p>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

4. Default Text Structure

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Autumn Haze</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Is it a dragonfly or a maple leaf</l>
  <l>That settles softly down upon the water?</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Souvenir de la nuit du 4</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Il avait dans sa poche une toupie en buis.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annex du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annex du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>憶江南</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>江南好，</l>
  <l>風景舊曾諳。</l>
  <l>日出江花紅胜火，</l>
  <l>春來江水綠如藍，</l>
  <l>能不憶江南。</l>
 </body>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first text -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second text -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>

<text>

<text>
 <front>
<!-- Vorspann für die gesamte Gruppierung -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- erster Text -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- zweiter Text -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </front>
  <body>
<!-- body of copy text goes here -->
  </body>
  <back>
<!-- back matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for composite text -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!-- front matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </front>
    <body>
<!-- body of first unitary text -->
    </body>
    <back>
<!-- back matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <body>
<!-- body of second unitary text -->
    </body>
   </text>
  </group>
  <back>
<!-- back matter for composite text, if any -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<group>

<text>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
 <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first poem -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second poem -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of Pope section-->

<group>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annexe du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<divGen>

<front>
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<divGen>

<front>
<!--<titlePage>書名頁</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>序</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<divGen>

<front>
<!--<titlePage>...</titlePage>-->
 <divGen type="toc"/>
 <div>
  <head>Preface</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
</front>

<dateline>

<front>
 <dateline>Datum in Mexico <date when="1531">primo die Augusti 1531</date>
 </dateline>
 <p> Al muy Magnifico y muy Reverendo Señor el Señor <rs type="person" ref="#IoannesDantiscus">obispo diócesis Colmensis</rs>
 </p>
</front>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
   </titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>First published in <title>The Strand</title>
     between July 1891 and December 1892</docImprint>
<!-- any other front matter specific to this collection -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock
         Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure I. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>A Scandal in Bohemia</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always
    <emph>the</emph> woman. ... </p>
<!-- remainder of A Scandal in Bohemia here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure II. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Red-Headed League</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day
         in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation
         with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair …
    </p>
<!-- remainder of The Red Headed League here -->
   </body>
  </text>
  <text>
   <front>
    <head rend="italic">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</head>
    <docTitle>
     <titlePart>Adventure XII. —</titlePart>
     <titlePart>The Adventure of the Copper Beeches</titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>By A. Conan Doyle.</byline>
   </front>
   <body>
    <p>
     <q>To the man who loves art for its
           own sake,</q> remarked Sherlock Holmes ...

<!-- remainder of The Copper Beeches here -->

         ... she is now the head of a private school
         at Walsall, where I believe that she has
         met with considerable success.</p>
   </body>
  </text>
<!-- end of The Copper Beeches -->
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes -->

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
<!-- the whole anthology -->
 <front>
<!-- title page, acknowledgments, introductory essay -->
 </front>
 <group>
<!-- body of anthology starts here -->
  <group>
   <head>The Beginnings</head>
<!-- sequence of texts or groups -->
  </group>
  <group>
<!-- The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour -->
   <text>
<!-- prefatory essay by editor -->
   </text>
   <group>
<!-- Section on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first letter -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second letter -->
    </text>
<!-- ... -->
   </group>
<!-- end of Montagu section -->
   <text>
<!-- single text by Jonathan Swift starts -->
    <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </front>
    <body/>
   </text>
<!-- end of Swift section -->
   <group>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first poem -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second poem -->
    </text>
   </group>
<!-- end of Pope section -->
<!-- ... -->
  </group>
<!-- end of 18th century section -->
  <group>
   <head>The Heyday</head>
<!-- texts and subgroups -->
  </group>
<!-- ... -->
 </group>
<!-- end of the anthology proper -->
 <back>
<!-- back matter for anthology -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
 <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
<!-- first poem -->
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- second poem -->
  </text>
 </group>
</text>
<!-- end of Pope section-->

4.5. Front Matter

<front>
 <div1 type="incipit">
  <p>Here bygynniþ a book of contemplacyon, þe whiche
     is clepyd <title>þE CLOWDE OF VNKNOWYNG</title>,
     in þe whiche a soule is onyd wiþ GOD.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="prayer">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe preyer on þe prologe.</head>
  <p>God, unto whom alle hertes ben open, &amp; unto whome alle wille
     spekiþ, &amp; unto whom no priue þing is hid: I beseche
     þee so for to clense þe entent of myn hert wiþ þe
     unspekable 3ift of þi grace, þat I may parfiteliche
     loue þee &amp; worþilich preise þee. Amen.</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="preface">
  <head>Here biginneþ þe prolog.</head>
  <p>In þe name of þe Fader &amp; of þe Sone &amp;
     of þe Holy Goost.</p>
  <p>I charge þee &amp; I beseeche þee, wiþ as moche
     power &amp; vertewe as þe bonde of charite is sufficient
     to suffre, what-so-euer þou be þat þis book schalt
     haue in possession ...</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="contents">
  <head>Here biginneþ a table of þe chapitres.</head>
  <list>
   <label>þe first chapitre </label>
   <item>Of foure degrees of Cristen mens leuing; &amp; of þe
       cours of his cleping þat þis book was maad vnto.</item>
   <label>þe secound chapitre</label>
   <item>A schort stering to meeknes &amp; to þe werk of þis
       book</item>
   <label>þe fiue and seuenti chapitre</label>
   <item>Of somme certein tokenes bi þe whiche a man may proue
       wheþer he be clepid of God to worche in þis werk.</item>
  </list>
  <trailer>&amp; here eendeþ þe table of þe chapitres.</trailer>
 </div1>
</front>

4.6. Title Pages

<front>
 <titlePage>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Is There a Text in This Class?</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub">The Authority of Interpretive Communities</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docAuthor>Stanley Fish</docAuthor>
  <docImprint>
   <publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher>
   <pubPlace>Cambridge, Massachusetts</pubPlace>
   <pubPlace>London, England</pubPlace>
  </docImprint>
 </titlePage>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla
     pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: <q xml:lang="grc">Σίβυλλα τί
       θέλεις</q>; respondebat illa: <q xml:lang="grc">ὰποθανεῖν θέλω.</q>
  </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>For Ezra Pound <q xml:lang="it">il miglior fabbro.</q>
  </p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>à la mémoire de Raymond Queneau</p>
 </div>
 <div type="avertissement">
  <p>L'amitié, l'histoire et la littérature m'ont fourni quelques-uns
     des.personnages de ce livre. Toute autre ressemblance avec des
     individus vivants ou ayant réellement ou fictivement existé ne
     saurait être que coïncidence.</p>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>Regarde de tous tes yeux, regarde <bibl>(Jules Verne, Michel
         Strogoff )</bibl>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
 </div>
 <div type="preambule">
  <head>PRÉAMBULE</head>
  <epigraph>
   <quote>
    <q>L'œil suit les chemins qui lui ont été ménagés dans l'oeuvre
    <bibl>(Paul Klee, Pädagosisches Skizzenbuch)</bibl>
    </q>
   </quote>
  </epigraph>
  <p> Au départ, l'art du puzzle semble un art bref, un art mince, tout
     entier contenu dans un maigre enseignement de la Gestalttheorie :
     ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Préface</head>
  <p>Tant qu'il existera, par le fait des lois et des moeurs, une
     damnation sociale créant artificiellement, en pleine civilisation,
     des enfers, et compliquant d'une fatalité humaine la destinée qui
     est divine ; tant que les trois problèmes du siècle, la dégradation
     de l'homme par le prolétariat, la déchéance de la femme par la faim,
     l'atrophie de l'enfant par la nuit, ne seront pas résolus; tant que,
     dans certaines régions, l'asphyxie sociale sera possible; en
     d'autres termes, et à un point de vue plus étendu encore, tant qu'il
     aura sur la terre ignorance et misère, des livres de la nature de
     celui-ci pourront ne pas être inutiles.</p>
  <closer>
   <dateline>
    <name type="place">Hauteville-House</name>
    <date>1er janvier 1862</date>
   </dateline>
  </closer>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <epigraph>
  <quote>小燕子其實也無所愛，只是沉浸在朦朧而飄忽的夏夜夢里罷了。 </quote>
 </epigraph>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>《憶》第三十五首</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>聲明啟事</p>
 </div>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>作者聲明</head>
  <p>書中所有情節內容皆為虛構，若有雷同，純屬巧合。</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="dedication">
  <p>To our three selves</p>
 </div>
 <div type="preface">
  <head>Author's Note</head>
  <p>All the characters in this book are purely imaginary, and if the
     author has used names that may suggest a reference to living persons
     she has done so inadvertently. ...</p>
 </div>
</front>

<front>

<front>
 <div type="abstract">
  <div>
   <head> BACKGROUND:</head>
   <p>Food insecurity can put children at greater risk of obesity because
       of altered food choices and nonuniform consumption patterns.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> OBJECTIVE:</head>
   <p>We examined the association between obesity and both child-level
       food insecurity and personal food insecurity in US children.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> DESIGN:</head>
   <p>Data from 9,701 participants in the National Health and Nutrition
       Examination Survey, 2001-2010, aged 2 to 11 years were analyzed.
       Child-level food insecurity was assessed with the US Department of
       Agriculture's Food Security Survey Module based on eight
       child-specific questions. Personal food insecurity was assessed with
       five additional questions. Obesity was defined, using physical
       measurements, as body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) greater than
       or equal to the age- and sex-specific 95th percentile of the Centers
       for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Logistic
       regressions adjusted for sex, race/ethnic group, poverty level, and
       survey year were conducted to describe associations between obesity
       and food insecurity.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> RESULTS:</head>
   <p>Obesity was significantly associated with personal food insecurity
       for children aged 6 to 11 years (odds ratio=1.81; 95% CI 1.33 to
       2.48), but not in children aged 2 to 5 years (odds ratio=0.88; 95%
       CI 0.51 to 1.51). Child-level food insecurity was not associated
       with obesity among 2- to 5-year-olds or 6- to 11-year-olds.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
   <head> CONCLUSIONS:</head>
   <p>Personal food insecurity is associated with an increased risk of
       obesity only in children aged 6 to 11 years. Personal
       food-insecurity measures may give different results than aggregate
       food-insecurity measures in children.</p>
  </div>
 </div>
</front>

6. Verse

6.1. Structural Divisions of Verse Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <head>1755</head>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,</l>
  <l>One clover, and a bee,</l>
  <l>And revery.</l>
  <l>The revery alone will do,</l>
  <l>If bees are few.</l>
 </body>
</text>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <castList>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <p>The action of the play is set in Chicago's
     Southside, sometime between World War II and the
     present.</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

<set>

<front>
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TEMPS</label>
   <item>1640</item>
   <label>LIEU</label>
   <item>La salle de l'Hôtel de Bourgogne</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

<set>

<front>
<!-- <>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>時間：</label>
   <item>2007</item>
   <label>地點：</label>
   <item>台北市中心</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

<set>

<front>
<!-- <titlePage>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TIME</label>
   <item>1907</item>
   <label>PLACE</label>
   <item>East Coast village in England</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<front>
 <prologue>
  <head>Prologue, spoken by <name>Mr. Hart</name>
  </head>
  <l>Poets like Cudgel'd Bullys, never do</l>
  <l>At first, or second blow, submit to you;</l>
  <l>But will provoke you still, and ne're have done,</l>
  <l>Till you are weary first, with laying on:</l>
  <l>We patiently you see, give up to you,</l>
  <l>Our Poets, Virgins, nay our Matrons too.</l>
 </prologue>
 <castList>
  <head>The Persons</head>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <head>The SCENE</head>
  <p>London</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<sp>
 <speaker>Kelly</speaker>
 <stage>(calmly).</stage>
 <p>Aha, so you've bad minds along with ...</p>
</sp>
<stage>(He points, one after the other at Conroy, Bull,
and Flagonson. Lilting):</stage>
<floatingText>
 <front>
  <titlePart>Kelly's Song</titlePart>
 </front>
 <body>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Who were you with last night?</l>
  <l>Will you tell your missus when you go home</l>
  <l>Who you were with last night?</l>
 </body>
</floatingText>

23. Documentation Elements

<egXML>

<egXML valid="feasible" source="#UND" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
<!-- first text -->
   </text>
   <text>
<!-- second text -->
   </text>
  </group>
</text>
<!-- This example is not valid TEI, but could be made so by adding missing components -->
</egXML>

<text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
<!-- first text -->
   </text>
   <text>
<!-- second text -->
   </text>
  </group>
</text>
<!-- This example is not valid TEI, but could be made so by adding missing components -->

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<back>

<back> (back matter) contains any appendixes, etc. following the main part of a text. [4.7. Back Matter 4. Default Text Structure]

Module
textstructure — Default Text Structure

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

Contained by

textstructure: floatingText text

transcr: facsimile

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb divGen ellipsis gap gb head index lb list listBibl milestone note noteGrp p pb

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set

figures: figure notatedMusic table

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: schemaSpec

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div div1 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph postscript signed titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

Because cultural conventions differ as to which elements are grouped as back matter and which as front matter, the content models for the back and front elements are identical.

Example

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>The Golden Dream or, the Ingenuous Confession</head>
  <p>TO shew the Depravity of human Nature, and how apt the Mind is to be misled by Trinkets
     and false Appearances, Mrs. Two-Shoes does acknowledge, that after she became rich, she
     had like to have been, too fond of Money
<!-- .... -->
  </p>
 </div>
<!-- ... -->
 <div type="epistle">
  <head>A letter from the Printer, which he desires may be inserted</head>
  <salute>Sir.</salute>
  <p>I have done with your Copy, so you may return it to the Vatican, if you please;

<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>The Books usually read by the Scholars of Mrs Two-Shoes are these and are sold at Mr
     Newbery's at the Bible and Sun in St Paul's Church-yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">The Christmas Box, Price 1d.</item>
   <item n="2">The History of Giles Gingerbread, 1d.</item>
<!-- ... -->
   <item n="42">A Curious Collection of Travels, selected from the Writers of all Nations,
       10 Vol, Pr. bound 1l.</item>
  </list>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>By the KING's Royal Patent, Are sold by J. NEWBERY, at the Bible and Sun in St.
     Paul's Church-Yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">Dr. James's Powders for Fevers, the Small-Pox, Measles, Colds, &amp;c. 2s.
       6d</item>
   <item n="2">Dr. Hooper's Female Pills, 1s.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.frontPart"/>
   <classRef key="model.pLike.front"/>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.listLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0">
   <sequence>
    <classRef key="model.div1Like"/>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <classRef key="model.frontPart"/>
     <classRef key="model.div1Like"/>
     <classRef key="model.global"/>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
   <sequence>
    <classRef key="model.divLike"/>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <classRef key="model.frontPart"/>
     <classRef key="model.divLike"/>
     <classRef key="model.global"/>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <classRef key="model.divBottomPart"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottomPart"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element back
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   (
      (
         model.frontPart
       | model.pLike.front
       | model.pLike
       | model.listLike
       | model.global
      )*,
      (
         (
            model.div1Like,
            ( model.frontPart | model.div1Like | model.global )*
         )
       | ( model.divLike, ( model.frontPart | model.divLike | model.global )* )
      )?,
      ( ( model.divBottomPart, ( model.divBottomPart | model.global )* )? )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <back> (back matter)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <back> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <back> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

7. Performance Texts

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
  <listBibl>
   <bibl> ... </bibl>
  </listBibl>
 </div>
 <divGen n="Index Nominum"
  type="INDEX-NAMES"/>
 <divGen n="Index Loci" type="INDEX-PLACES"/>
</back>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<back>
 <divGen n="A1" type="INDEX-NAMES">
  <head>An Index of Names</head>
 </divGen>
</back>

4. Default Text Structure

<text>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préfatoire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annex du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annex du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </front>
  <body>
<!-- body of copy text goes here -->
  </body>
  <back>
<!-- back matter of copy text, if any, goes here -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for composite text -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!-- front matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </front>
    <body>
<!-- body of first unitary text -->
    </body>
    <back>
<!-- back matter of first unitary text, if any -->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <body>
<!-- body of second unitary text -->
    </body>
   </text>
  </group>
  <back>
<!-- back matter for composite text, if any -->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<group>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!--[ en-tête du texte composite ]-->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du texte composite ]-->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du premier texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du premier texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du premier texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
   <text>
    <front>
<!--[ partie préliminaire du deuxième texte ]-->
    </front>
    <body>
<!--[ corps du deuxième texte ]-->
    </body>
    <back>
<!--[ annexe du deuxième texte ]-->
    </back>
   </text>
<!--[ encore de textes, simples ou composites ]-->
  </group>
  <back>
<!--[ annexe du texte composite ]-->
  </back>
 </text>
</TEI>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Bibliography</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Indices</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="NAMES"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="THINGS"/>
 </div1>
</back>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Bibliographie</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>Indices</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="NAMES"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="THINGS"/>
 </div1>
</back>

<divGen>

<back>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>參考書目</head>
<!-- ... -->
 </div1>
 <div1 type="backmat">
  <head>索引</head>
  <divGen n="Index Nominum" type="人名"/>
  <divGen n="Index Rerum" type="事物"/>
 </div1>
</back>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
 <front>
  <titlePage>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart>The poems of Richard Crashaw</titlePart>
   </docTitle>
   <byline>Edited by J.R. Tutin</byline>
  </titlePage>
  <div type="preface">
   <head>Editor's Note</head>
   <p>A few words are necessary ... </p>
  </div>
 </front>
 <group>
  <text>
   <front>
    <titlePage>
     <docTitle>
      <titlePart>Steps to the Temple, Sacred Poems</titlePart>
     </docTitle>
    </titlePage>
    <div type="address">
     <head>The Preface to the Reader</head>
     <p>Learned Reader, The Author's friend will not usurp much
           upon thy eye ... </p>
    </div>
   </front>
   <group>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>Sospetto D'Herode</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <div1 type="book" n="Herod I">
       <head>Libro Primo</head>
       <epigraph>
        <l>Casting the times with their strong signs</l>
       </epigraph>
       <lg n="I.1" type="stanza">
        <l>Muse! now the servant of soft loves no more</l>
        <l>Hate is thy theme and Herod whose unblest</l>
        <l>Hand (O, what dares not jealous greatness?) tore</l>
        <l>A thousand sweet babes from their mothers' breast,</l>
        <l>The blooms of martyrdom ...</l>
       </lg>
      </div1>
     </body>
    </text>
    <text>
     <front>
      <docTitle>
       <titlePart>The Tear</titlePart>
      </docTitle>
     </front>
     <body>
      <lg n="I">
       <l>What bright soft thing is this</l>
       <l>Sweet Mary, thy fair eyes' expense?</l>
      </lg>
     </body>
    </text>
<!-- remaining poems of the Steps to the Temple appear here, each tagged as a distinct text element -->
   </group>
   <back>
<!-- back matter for the Steps to the Temple -->
   </back>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of Carmen deo Nostro -->
   <front/>
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
  <text>
<!-- start of The Delights of the Muses -->
   <group>
    <text/>
    <text/>
<!-- more texts here -->
   </group>
  </text>
 </group>
 <back>
<!-- back matter for the whole collection -->
 </back>
</text>

4.3.1. Grouped Texts

<text>
<!-- the whole anthology -->
 <front>
<!-- title page, acknowledgments, introductory essay -->
 </front>
 <group>
<!-- body of anthology starts here -->
  <group>
   <head>The Beginnings</head>
<!-- sequence of texts or groups -->
  </group>
  <group>
<!-- The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour -->
   <text>
<!-- prefatory essay by editor -->
   </text>
   <group>
<!-- Section on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first letter -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second letter -->
    </text>
<!-- ... -->
   </group>
<!-- end of Montagu section -->
   <text>
<!-- single text by Jonathan Swift starts -->
    <front>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </front>
    <body/>
   </text>
<!-- end of Swift section -->
   <group>
<!-- Section on Alexander Pope starts -->
    <text>
<!-- biographical notice by editor -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- first poem -->
    </text>
    <text>
<!-- second poem -->
    </text>
   </group>
<!-- end of Pope section -->
<!-- ... -->
  </group>
<!-- end of 18th century section -->
  <group>
   <head>The Heyday</head>
<!-- texts and subgroups -->
  </group>
<!-- ... -->
 </group>
<!-- end of the anthology proper -->
 <back>
<!-- back matter for anthology -->
 </back>
</text>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="index">
  <head>Index</head>
  <list type="index">
   <item>Actors, public, paid for the contempt attending
       their profession, <ref>263</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Africa, cause assigned for the barbarous state of
       the interior parts of that continent, <ref>125</ref>
   </item>
   <item>Agriculture
   <list type="indexentry">
     <item>ancient policy of Europe unfavourable to, <ref>371</ref>
     </item>
     <item>artificers necessary to carry it on, <ref>481</ref>
     </item>
     <item>cattle and tillage mutually improve each other, <ref>325</ref>
     </item>
     <item>wealth arising from more solid than that which proceeds
           from commerce <ref>520</ref>
     </item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, <ref>461</ref>
   </item>
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="letter">
  <head>A letter written to his wife, founde with this booke
     after his death.</head>
  <p>The remembrance of the many wrongs offred thee, and thy
     unreproued vertues, adde greater sorrow to my miserable state,
     than I can utter or thou conceiue. ...
     ... yet trust I in the world to come to find mercie, by the
     merites of my Saiuour to whom I commend thee, and commit
     my soule.</p>
  <signed>Thy repentant husband for his disloyaltie,
  <name>Robert Greene.</name>
  </signed>
  <epigraph xml:lang="la">
   <p>Faelicem fuisse infaustum</p>
  </epigraph>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </div>
</back>

4.7. Back Matter

<back>
 <div type="corrigenda">
  <head>Addenda</head>
  <salute xml:lang="la">M. Scriblerus Lectori</salute>
  <p>Once more, gentle reader I appeal unto thee, from the shameful
     ignorance of the Editor, by whom Our own Specimen of
  <name>Virgil</name> hath been mangled in such miserable manner, that
     scarce without tears can we behold it. At the very entrance, Instead
     of <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγομενα</q>, lo!
  <q xml:lang="grc">προλεγωμενα</q> with an Omega!
     and in the same line <q xml:lang="la">consulâs</q> with a circumflex!
     In the next page thou findest <q xml:lang="la">leviter perlabere</q>,
     which his ignorance took to be the infinitive mood of
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabor</q> but ought to be
  <q xml:lang="la">perlabi</q> ... Wipe away all these
     monsters, Reader, with thy quill.</p>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div type="appendix">
  <head>The Golden Dream or, the Ingenuous Confession</head>
  <p>TO shew the Depravity of human Nature, and how apt the Mind is to be misled by Trinkets
     and false Appearances, Mrs. Two-Shoes does acknowledge, that after she became rich, she
     had like to have been, too fond of Money
<!-- .... -->
  </p>
 </div>
<!-- ... -->
 <div type="epistle">
  <head>A letter from the Printer, which he desires may be inserted</head>
  <salute>Sir.</salute>
  <p>I have done with your Copy, so you may return it to the Vatican, if you please;

<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>The Books usually read by the Scholars of Mrs Two-Shoes are these and are sold at Mr
     Newbery's at the Bible and Sun in St Paul's Church-yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">The Christmas Box, Price 1d.</item>
   <item n="2">The History of Giles Gingerbread, 1d.</item>
<!-- ... -->
   <item n="42">A Curious Collection of Travels, selected from the Writers of all Nations,
       10 Vol, Pr. bound 1l.</item>
  </list>
 </div>
 <div type="advert">
  <head>By the KING's Royal Patent, Are sold by J. NEWBERY, at the Bible and Sun in St.
     Paul's Church-Yard.</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">Dr. James's Powders for Fevers, the Small-Pox, Measles, Colds, &amp;c. 2s.
       6d</item>
   <item n="2">Dr. Hooper's Female Pills, 1s.</item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div n="1" type="appendice">
  <head>APPENDICE I </head>
  <head>CHAPITRE XV bis </head>
  <p>Des cruautez exercées par les Turcs, et autres peuples : et nommément par les
     Espagnols, beaucoup plus barbares que les Sauvages mesmes </p>
  <p>Premierement Chalcondile en son histoire de la decadence de l'Empire des Grecs, ...</p>
 </div>
 <div n="2" type="appendice">
  <head> Appendice 2</head>
  <head>Advertissement de l'autheur</head>
  <p>Outre les augmentations bien amples, et la revision beaucoup plus exacte que je n'avoye
     fait és precedentes Editions, j'ai pour le contentement des Lecteurs, plusieurs endroits
     de ceste quatrieme et derniere monstré ...</p>
 </div>
</back>

<back>

<back>
 <div1 type="appendix">
  <head>臺灣現代詩論戰史資料彙編</head>
  <p>現代詩論戰史第一階段</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="epistle">
  <head>白先勇致瘂弦洛夫</head>
  <salute>您好，</salute>
  <p>您的副本我已使用完畢，可以歸還了，麻煩您。</p>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>本論文提及的專書，可於台灣各大書店詢問訂購。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">陳芳明《詩與現實》，台北：洪範，1983。</item>
   <item n="2">洛夫《詩人之鏡》，台北：大業，1969。</item>
   <item n="42">廖炳惠《回顧現代》，台北：麥田，1994。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
 <div1 type="advert">
  <head>
   <hi rend="center">詩集、詩選</hi>也可於網路書店購得。</head>
  <list>
   <item n="1">余光中《天狼星》，台北：洪範，1976。</item>
   <item n="2">席慕蓉著《無怨的青春》，台北，大地，1983。</item>
  </list>
 </div1>
</back>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

13. Critical Apparatus

<listApp>

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<back>
 <linkGrp xml:id="lg1"
  domains="#BNC-d1 #BNC-d1" targFunc="speaker.a speaker.b"
  type="synchronous_alignment">
  <link xml:id="L1" target="#t1a #t1b"/>
  <link xml:id="L2" target="#t2a #t2b"/>
  <link xml:id="L3" target="#t3a #t3b"/>
  <link xml:id="l4" target="#t4a #t4b"/>
  <link xml:id="l5" target="#t5a #t5b"/>
  <link xml:id="l6" target="#t6a #t6b"/>
 </linkGrp>
</back>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<g>

<g> (character or glyph) represents a glyph, or a non-standard character. [5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes]

Module
gaiji — Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

ref ref⚓︎
points to a description of the character or glyph intended.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Member of

model.gLike

Contained by

analysis: c cl interp m pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure measureGrp mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said series sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth pRef per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

gaiji: mapping

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote idno licence scriptNote

iso-fs: string

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote depth dim explicit filiation finalRubric foliation height heraldry incipit layout locus material msName musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg memberOf

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage ex fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain
Character data only

Note

The name g is short for gaiji, which is the Japanese term for a non-standardized character or glyph.

Example

<g ref="#ctlig">ct</g>

Show all ⚓︎

This example points to a glyph element with the identifier ctlig like the following:

<glyph xml:id="ctlig">
<!-- here we describe the particular ct-ligature intended -->
</glyph>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<g ref="#per-glyph">per</g>

Show all ⚓︎

The medieval brevigraph per could similarly be considered as an individual glyph, defined in a glyph element with the identifier per-glyph as follows:

<glyph xml:id="per-glyph">
<!-- ... -->
</glyph>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element g
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute ref { teidata.pointer }?,
   text
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <g> (character or glyph)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <g> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <g> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

8. Transcriptions of Speech

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

2. The TEI Header

<idno>

<idno type="ISBN">978-1-906964-22-1</idno>
<idno type="ISSN">0143-3385</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1000/123</idno>
<idno type="URI">http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185922478</idno>
<idno type="URI">http://authority.nzetc.org/463/</idno>
<idno type="LT">Thomason Tract E.537(17)</idno>
<idno type="Wing">C695</idno>
<idno type="oldCat">
 <g ref="#sym"/>345
</idno>

<idno>

<idno type="ISBN">978-1-906964-22-1</idno>
<idno type="ISSN">0143-3385</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1000/123</idno>
<idno type="URI">http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185922478</idno>
<idno type="URI">http://authority.nzetc.org/463/</idno>
<idno type="LT">Thomason Tract E.537(17)</idno>
<idno type="Wing">C695</idno>
<idno type="oldCat">
 <g ref="#sym"/>345
</idno>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<char xml:id="PrinceGlyph">
<!-- definition of the glyph here -->
</char>
<p>The Artist formerly known as Prince <index>
  <term sortKey="Prince">
   <g ref="#PrinceGlyph"/>
  </term>
 </index>...</p>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p>Wo<g ref="#r1">r</g>ds in this
manusc<g ref="#r2">r</g>ipt are sometimes
written in a funny way.</p>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <g ref="#Filig">Fi</g>lthy riches...</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="Filig">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN UPPER F AND LATIN LOWER I LIGATURE"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="Filig.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <abbr>
  <g ref="#per">per</g>
 </abbr> ardua</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="per">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN ABBREVIATION PER"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="per.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<g ref="#u8aaa">說</g>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="newchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
 </char>
 <glyph xml:id="varofnewchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
  <mapping type="standard">
   <g ref="#newchar1"/>
  </mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<g ref="#ydotacute"/>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<g ref="#U4EBA-circled"/>

<g>

<g ref="#ctlig">ct</g>

<g>

<g ref="#fr_flig">fl</g>

<g>

<g ref="#zh-tw_flig">fl</g>

<g>

<g ref="#per-glyph">per</g>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.4. Prosody

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

11. Manuscript Description

11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y <g ref="#b-per">per</g>sone that loketh after heuen hath a place in
this ladder
<!-- elsewhere -->
<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="b-er">
<!-- definition for the er brevigraph -->
 </char>
 <char xml:id="b-per">
<!-- definition for the per brevigraph -->
 </char>
</charDecl>

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<abbr>eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <g ref="#b-per">per</g>sone
</abbr> ...

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<choice>
 <abbr>eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y</abbr>
 <expan>euery</expan>
</choice>

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<abbr>eu<am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>sone
</abbr> ...

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

eu<choice>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>
 <ex>er</ex>
</choice>y <choice>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>
 <ex>per</ex>
</choice>sone ...

<am>

<abbr>eu<am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>sone

</abbr> ...

13. Critical Apparatus

<app>

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app n="a1" type="substantive">
 <rdg wit="#El #Hg #Ha4">
  <app n="a2" type="orthographic">
   <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Cp #Ld1 #La">
  <app n="a3" type="orthographic">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">
  <app n="a4" type="orthographic">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="sequence">
  <rdgGrp varSeq="1" type="subvariants">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
  <rdgGrp varSeq="2"
   cause="abbreviation_loss">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<witEnd>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <witEnd/>
 </rdg>
</app>

<lacunaStart>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <lacunaStart/>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfectio<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfecti<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="f105" source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="r105" source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>
<!-- ... <note> appearing elsewhere in the document ... -->
<note target="#r105 #f105">Furnivall's expansion implies that the bar
is an abbreviation for 'u'. There are no certain instances of
this mark as an abbreviation for 'u' in these manuscripts and it is
widely used as an abbreviation for 'n'. Ruggiers' expansion is to
be accepted.</note>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<ab style="text-align: center;">
 <lb/>SACRED
<lb/>to the memory of
<lb/>
 <abbr>M<hi rend="superscript">rs</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> ALICE HUTTON
<lb/>born at Che<g ref="#long-s">s</g>terfield in
<lb/>Great Britain,
<lb/>
 <abbr>Jan<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>25<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1722:
<lb/>and died in Carolina
<lb/>
 <abbr>Sept<hi rend="superscript">r</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>26<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1777.
<lb/>This <g ref="#long-s">s</g>tone
<lb/>is placed by her only Child
<lb/>ANN BOOTH POLLOK
</ab>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

deus qui regis omnia
<pc>
 <g ref="#pelev">;</g>
</pc> natus est in bethlehem
<pc>.</pc>o <pc>.</pc> mira gratia...

<!-- elsewhere -->
<char xml:id="pelev">
<!-- definition of the punctus elevatus character -->
</char>

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C Elements

<charDecl>

<charDecl> (character declarations) provides information about nonstandard characters and glyphs. [5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs]

Module
gaiji — Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

core: desc

gaiji: char glyph

Example

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="aENL">
  <unicodeProp name="Name"
   value="LATIN LETTER ENLARGED SMALL A"/>
  <mapping type="standard">a</mapping>
 </char>
</charDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="char"/>
   <elementRef key="glyph"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element charDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( desc?, ( char | glyph )+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <charDecl> (character declarations)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <charDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <charDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

8. Transcriptions of Speech

12. Representation of Primary Sources

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="aenl">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN LETTER ENLARGED SMALL A"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="aenl"/>
  <mapping type="standard">a</mapping>
 </char>
</charDecl>

5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="z103">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN LETTER Z WITH TWO STROKES"/>
  <mapping type="standard">Z</mapping>
  <mapping type="PUA">U+E304</mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="r1">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ONE FUNNY STROKE"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r1"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r1img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
 <glyph xml:id="r2">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TWO FUNNY STROKES"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r2"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r2img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="u8aaa">
  <mapping type="Unicode">說</mapping>
  <mapping type="standard">説</mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="newchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
 </char>
 <glyph xml:id="varofnewchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
  <mapping type="standard">
   <g ref="#newchar1"/>
  </mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

<charDecl>

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="aENL">
  <unicodeProp name="Name"
   value="LATIN LETTER ENLARGED SMALL A"/>
  <mapping type="standard">a</mapping>
 </char>
</charDecl>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.4. Prosody

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="lf">
  <desc>low fall intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="lr">
  <desc>low rise intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="fr">
  <desc>fall rise intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="rf">
  <desc>rise fall intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="long">
  <desc>lengthened syllable</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="short">
  <desc>shortened syllable</desc>
 </char>
</charDecl>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y <g ref="#b-per">per</g>sone that loketh after heuen hath a place in
this ladder
<!-- elsewhere -->
<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="b-er">
<!-- definition for the er brevigraph -->
 </char>
 <char xml:id="b-per">
<!-- definition for the per brevigraph -->
 </char>
</charDecl>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<char>

<char> (character) provides descriptive information about a character. [5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs]

Module
gaiji — Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

gaiji: charDecl

May contain

core: binaryObject desc graphic media note noteGrp

figures: figure formula

gaiji: localProp mapping unicodeProp unihanProp

Example

<char xml:id="circledU4EBA">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="unicodeProp"/>
  <elementRef key="unihanProp"/>
  <elementRef key="localProp"/>
  <elementRef key="mapping"/>
  <elementRef key="figure"/>
  <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element char
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      unicodeProp
    | unihanProp
    | localProp
    | mapping
    | figure
    | model.graphicLike
    | model.noteLike
    | model.descLike
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <char> (character)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <char> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <char> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

8. Transcriptions of Speech

12. Representation of Primary Sources

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<char xml:id="PrinceGlyph">
<!-- definition of the glyph here -->
</char>
<p>The Artist formerly known as Prince <index>
  <term sortKey="Prince">
   <g ref="#PrinceGlyph"/>
  </term>
 </index>...</p>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="aenl">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN LETTER ENLARGED SMALL A"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="aenl"/>
  <mapping type="standard">a</mapping>
 </char>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="newchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
 </char>
 <glyph xml:id="varofnewchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
  <mapping type="standard">
   <g ref="#newchar1"/>
  </mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<char xml:id="ydotacute">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE AND ACUTE"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="ydotacute"/>
 <mapping type="composed">&#x0079;&#x0307;&#x0301;</mapping>
 <mapping type="PUA">U+E0A4</mapping>
</char>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<char xml:id="U4EBA-circled">
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="cicle"/>
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 36"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <mapping type="standard"> &#x4EBA;
 </mapping>
 <mapping type="PUA"> &#xE000;
 </mapping>
</char>

<charDecl>

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="aENL">
  <unicodeProp name="Name"
   value="LATIN LETTER ENLARGED SMALL A"/>
  <mapping type="standard">a</mapping>
 </char>
</charDecl>

<char>

<char xml:id="circledU4EBA">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<char>

<char xml:id="fr_circledU4EBA">
 <localProp name="nom"
  value="IDEOGRAMME ENCADRE 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<localProp>

<char xml:id="daikanwaU4EBA">
 <localProp name="name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="daikanwa"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<unicodeProp>

<char xml:id="U4EBA_circled">
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle" version="12.1"/>
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.4. Prosody

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="lf">
  <desc>low fall intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="lr">
  <desc>low rise intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="fr">
  <desc>fall rise intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="rf">
  <desc>rise fall intonation</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="long">
  <desc>lengthened syllable</desc>
 </char>
 <char xml:id="short">
  <desc>shortened syllable</desc>
 </char>
</charDecl>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

eu<g ref="#b-er">er</g>y <g ref="#b-per">per</g>sone that loketh after heuen hath a place in
this ladder
<!-- elsewhere -->
<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="b-er">
<!-- definition for the er brevigraph -->
 </char>
 <char xml:id="b-per">
<!-- definition for the per brevigraph -->
 </char>
</charDecl>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

deus qui regis omnia
<pc>
 <g ref="#pelev">;</g>
</pc> natus est in bethlehem
<pc>.</pc>o <pc>.</pc> mira gratia...

<!-- elsewhere -->
<char xml:id="pelev">
<!-- definition of the punctus elevatus character -->
</char>

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C Elements

<glyph>

<glyph> (character glyph) provides descriptive information about a character glyph. [5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs]

Module
gaiji — Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

gaiji: charDecl

May contain

core: binaryObject desc graphic media note noteGrp

figures: figure formula

gaiji: localProp mapping unicodeProp unihanProp

Example

<glyph xml:id="rstroke">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH A FUNNY STROKE"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="rstroke"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="glyph-rstroke.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="unicodeProp"/>
  <elementRef key="unihanProp"/>
  <elementRef key="localProp"/>
  <elementRef key="mapping"/>
  <elementRef key="figure"/>
  <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element glyph
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      unicodeProp
    | unihanProp
    | localProp
    | mapping
    | figure
    | model.graphicLike
    | model.noteLike
    | model.descLike
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <glyph> (character glyph)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <glyph> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <glyph> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="z103">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN LETTER Z WITH TWO STROKES"/>
  <mapping type="standard">Z</mapping>
  <mapping type="PUA">U+E304</mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="r1">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ONE FUNNY STROKE"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r1"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r1img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
 <glyph xml:id="r2">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TWO FUNNY STROKES"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r2"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r2img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <g ref="#Filig">Fi</g>lthy riches...</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="Filig">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN UPPER F AND LATIN LOWER I LIGATURE"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="Filig.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <abbr>
  <g ref="#per">per</g>
 </abbr> ardua</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="per">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN ABBREVIATION PER"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="per.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="u8aaa">
  <mapping type="Unicode">說</mapping>
  <mapping type="standard">説</mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="newchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
 </char>
 <glyph xml:id="varofnewchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
  <mapping type="standard">
   <g ref="#newchar1"/>
  </mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<glyph xml:id="U507D-var">
<!-- more properties here -->
 <mapping type="IDS">⿻人為</mapping>
 <mapping type="standard">偽</mapping>
</glyph>

<g>

<glyph xml:id="ctlig">
<!-- here we describe the particular ct-ligature intended -->
</glyph>

<g>

<glyph xml:id="flig"/>

<g>

<glyph xml:id="zh-tw_flig">
<!--...-->
</glyph>

<g>

<glyph xml:id="per-glyph">
<!-- ... -->
</glyph>

<glyph>

<glyph xml:id="rstroke">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH A FUNNY STROKE"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="rstroke"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="glyph-rstroke.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

<glyph>

<glyph xml:id="fr_napos">
 <localProp name="nom"
  value="N latin minuscule précédé d'une apostrophe"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="napos"/>
 <graphic url="glyph-napos.png"/>
</glyph>

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C Elements

<localProp>

<localProp> (locally defined property) provides a locally defined character (or glyph) property. [5.2.1. Character Properties]

Module
gaiji — Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.gaijiProp

@name

@value

@version

@scheme

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

Contained by

gaiji: char glyph

May contain
Empty element

Note

No definitive list of local names is proposed. However, the name entity is recommended as a means of naming the property identifying the recommended character entity name for this character or glyph.

Example

<char xml:id="daikanwaU4EBA">
 <localProp name="name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="daikanwa"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element localProp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.gaijiProp.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <localProp> (locally defined property)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <localProp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <localProp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="aenl">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN LETTER ENLARGED SMALL A"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="aenl"/>
  <mapping type="standard">a</mapping>
 </char>
</charDecl>

5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="z103">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN LETTER Z WITH TWO STROKES"/>
  <mapping type="standard">Z</mapping>
  <mapping type="PUA">U+E304</mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="r1">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ONE FUNNY STROKE"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r1"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r1img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
 <glyph xml:id="r2">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TWO FUNNY STROKES"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r2"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r2img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <g ref="#Filig">Fi</g>lthy riches...</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="Filig">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN UPPER F AND LATIN LOWER I LIGATURE"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="Filig.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <abbr>
  <g ref="#per">per</g>
 </abbr> ardua</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="per">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN ABBREVIATION PER"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="per.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<char xml:id="ydotacute">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE AND ACUTE"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="ydotacute"/>
 <mapping type="composed">&#x0079;&#x0307;&#x0301;</mapping>
 <mapping type="PUA">U+E0A4</mapping>
</char>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<char xml:id="U4EBA-circled">
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="cicle"/>
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 36"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <mapping type="standard"> &#x4EBA;
 </mapping>
 <mapping type="PUA"> &#xE000;
 </mapping>
</char>

<char>

<char xml:id="circledU4EBA">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<char>

<char xml:id="fr_circledU4EBA">
 <localProp name="nom"
  value="IDEOGRAMME ENCADRE 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<glyph>

<glyph xml:id="rstroke">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH A FUNNY STROKE"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="rstroke"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="glyph-rstroke.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

<glyph>

<glyph xml:id="fr_napos">
 <localProp name="nom"
  value="N latin minuscule précédé d'une apostrophe"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="napos"/>
 <graphic url="glyph-napos.png"/>
</glyph>

<localProp>

<char xml:id="daikanwaU4EBA">
 <localProp name="name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="daikanwa"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<unicodeProp>

<char xml:id="U4EBA_circled">
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle" version="12.1"/>
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

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<mapping>

<mapping> (character mapping) contains one or more characters which are related to the parent character or glyph in some respect, as specified by the type attribute. [5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs]

Module
gaiji — Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

gaiji: char glyph

May contain

gaiji: g

character data

Note

Suggested values for the type attribute include exact for exact equivalences, uppercase for uppercase equivalences, lowercase for lowercase equivalences, and simplified for simplified characters. The g elements contained by this element can point to either another char or glyph element or contain a character that is intended to be the target of this mapping.

Example

<mapping type="modern">r</mapping>
<mapping type="standard">人</mapping>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element mapping
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.xtext
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <mapping> (character mapping)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <mapping> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <mapping> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="aenl">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN LETTER ENLARGED SMALL A"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="aenl"/>
  <mapping type="standard">a</mapping>
 </char>
</charDecl>

5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="z103">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN LETTER Z WITH TWO STROKES"/>
  <mapping type="standard">Z</mapping>
  <mapping type="PUA">U+E304</mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="u8aaa">
  <mapping type="Unicode">說</mapping>
  <mapping type="standard">説</mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="newchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
 </char>
 <glyph xml:id="varofnewchar1">
<!-- more properties here -->
  <mapping type="standard">
   <g ref="#newchar1"/>
  </mapping>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<char xml:id="ydotacute">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE AND ACUTE"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="ydotacute"/>
 <mapping type="composed">&#x0079;&#x0307;&#x0301;</mapping>
 <mapping type="PUA">U+E0A4</mapping>
</char>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<glyph xml:id="U507D-var">
<!-- more properties here -->
 <mapping type="IDS">⿻人為</mapping>
 <mapping type="standard">偽</mapping>
</glyph>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<char xml:id="U4EBA-circled">
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="cicle"/>
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 36"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <mapping type="standard"> &#x4EBA;
 </mapping>
 <mapping type="PUA"> &#xE000;
 </mapping>
</char>

<charDecl>

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="aENL">
  <unicodeProp name="Name"
   value="LATIN LETTER ENLARGED SMALL A"/>
  <mapping type="standard">a</mapping>
 </char>
</charDecl>

<char>

<char xml:id="circledU4EBA">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<char>

<char xml:id="fr_circledU4EBA">
 <localProp name="nom"
  value="IDEOGRAMME ENCADRE 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<localProp>

<char xml:id="daikanwaU4EBA">
 <localProp name="name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="daikanwa"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<mapping>

<mapping type="modern">r</mapping>
<mapping type="standard">人</mapping>

<mapping>

<mapping type="modern">r</mapping>
<mapping type="standard">人</mapping>

<unicodeProp>

<char xml:id="U4EBA_circled">
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle" version="12.1"/>
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

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C Elements

<unihanProp>

<unihanProp> (unihan property) holds the name and value of a normative or informative Unihan character (or glyph) property as part of its attributes. [5.2.1. Character Properties]

Module
gaiji — Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.gaijiProp

@name

@value

@version

@scheme

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

name name⚓︎
specifies the normalized name of a unicode han database (Unihan) property.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

Legal values are:

kZVariant

kAccountingNumeric

kBigFive

kCCCII

kCNS1986

kCNS1992

kCangjie

kCantonese

kCheungBauer

kCheungBauerIndex

kCihaiT

kCompatibilityVariant

kCowles

kDaeJaweon

kDefinition

kEACC

kFenn

kFennIndex

kFourCornerCode

kFrequency

kGB0

kGB1

kGB3

kGB5

kGB7

kGB8

kGSR

kGradeLevel

kHDZRadBreak

kHKGlyph

kHKSCS

kHanYu

kHangul

kHanyuPinlu

kHanyuPinyin

kIBMJapan

kIICore

kIRGDaeJaweon

kIRGDaiKanwaZiten

kIRGHanyuDaZidian

kIRGKangXi

kIRG_GSource

kIRG_HSource

kIRG_JSource

kIRG_KPSource

kIRG_KSource

kIRG_MSource

kIRG_TSource

kIRG_USource

kIRG_VSource

kJIS0213

kJa

kJapaneseKun

kJapaneseOn

kJinmeiyoKanji

kJis0

kJis1

kJoyoKanji

kKPS0

kKPS1

kKSC0

kKSC1

kKangXi

kKarlgren

kKorean

kKoreanEducationHanja

kKoreanName

kLau

kMainlandTelegraph

kMandarin

kMatthews

kMeyerWempe

kMorohashi

kNelson

kOtherNumeric

kPhonetic

kPrimaryNumeric

kPseudoGB1

kRSAdobe_Japan1_6

kRSJapanese

kRSKanWa

kRSKangXi

kRSKorean

kRSUnicode

kSBGY

kSemanticVariant

kSimplifiedVariant

kSpecializedSemanticVariant

kTGH

kTaiwanTelegraph

kTang

kTotalStrokes

kTraditionalVariant

kVietnamese

kXHC1983

kXerox

value value⚓︎
specifies the value of a named Unihan property

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.word

Contained by

gaiji: char glyph

May contain
Empty element

Note

A definitive list of current Unihan property names is provided in the Unicode Han Database.

Example

<unihanProp name="kRSKangXi" value="120.5"
 version="12.1"/>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element unihanProp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.gaijiProp.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   attribute name
   {
      "kZVariant"
    | "kAccountingNumeric"
    | "kBigFive"
    | "kCCCII"
    | "kCNS1986"
    | "kCNS1992"
    | "kCangjie"
    | "kCantonese"
    | "kCheungBauer"
    | "kCheungBauerIndex"
    | "kCihaiT"
    | "kCompatibilityVariant"
    | "kCowles"
    | "kDaeJaweon"
    | "kDefinition"
    | "kEACC"
    | "kFenn"
    | "kFennIndex"
    | "kFourCornerCode"
    | "kFrequency"
    | "kGB0"
    | "kGB1"
    | "kGB3"
    | "kGB5"
    | "kGB7"
    | "kGB8"
    | "kGSR"
    | "kGradeLevel"
    | "kHDZRadBreak"
    | "kHKGlyph"
    | "kHKSCS"
    | "kHanYu"
    | "kHangul"
    | "kHanyuPinlu"
    | "kHanyuPinyin"
    | "kIBMJapan"
    | "kIICore"
    | "kIRGDaeJaweon"
    | "kIRGDaiKanwaZiten"
    | "kIRGHanyuDaZidian"
    | "kIRGKangXi"
    | "kIRG_GSource"
    | "kIRG_HSource"
    | "kIRG_JSource"
    | "kIRG_KPSource"
    | "kIRG_KSource"
    | "kIRG_MSource"
    | "kIRG_TSource"
    | "kIRG_USource"
    | "kIRG_VSource"
    | "kJIS0213"
    | "kJa"
    | "kJapaneseKun"
    | "kJapaneseOn"
    | "kJinmeiyoKanji"
    | "kJis0"
    | "kJis1"
    | "kJoyoKanji"
    | "kKPS0"
    | "kKPS1"
    | "kKSC0"
    | "kKSC1"
    | "kKangXi"
    | "kKarlgren"
    | "kKorean"
    | "kKoreanEducationHanja"
    | "kKoreanName"
    | "kLau"
    | "kMainlandTelegraph"
    | "kMandarin"
    | "kMatthews"
    | "kMeyerWempe"
    | "kMorohashi"
    | "kNelson"
    | "kOtherNumeric"
    | "kPhonetic"
    | "kPrimaryNumeric"
    | "kPseudoGB1"
    | "kRSAdobe_Japan1_6"
    | "kRSJapanese"
    | "kRSKanWa"
    | "kRSKangXi"
    | "kRSKorean"
    | "kRSUnicode"
    | "kSBGY"
    | "kSemanticVariant"
    | "kSimplifiedVariant"
    | "kSpecializedSemanticVariant"
    | "kTGH"
    | "kTaiwanTelegraph"
    | "kTang"
    | "kTotalStrokes"
    | "kTraditionalVariant"
    | "kVietnamese"
    | "kXHC1983"
    | "kXerox"
   },
   attribute value { teidata.word },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <unihanProp> (unihan property)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <unihanProp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <unihanProp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

<unihanProp>

<unihanProp name="kRSKangXi" value="120.5"
 version="12.1"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<unicodeProp>

<unicodeProp> (unicode property) provides a Unicode property for a character (or glyph). [5.2.1. Character Properties]

Module
gaiji — Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.gaijiProp

@name

@value

@version

@scheme

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

name name⚓︎
specifies the normalized name of a Unicode property.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

Legal values are:

Age

AHex

Alpha

Alphabetic

ASCII_Hex_Digit

bc

Bidi_C

Bidi_Class

Bidi_Control

Bidi_M

Bidi_Mirrored

Bidi_Mirroring_Glyph

Bidi_Paired_Bracket

Bidi_Paired_Bracket_Type

blk

Block

bmg

bpb

bpt

Canonical_Combining_Class

Case_Folding

Case_Ignorable

Cased

ccc

CE

cf

Changes_When_Casefolded

Changes_When_Casemapped

Changes_When_Lowercased

Changes_When_NFKC_Casefolded

Changes_When_Titlecased

Changes_When_Uppercased

CI

Comp_Ex

Composition_Exclusion

CWCF

CWCM

CWKCF

CWL

CWT

CWU

Dash

Decomposition_Mapping

Decomposition_Type

Default_Ignorable_Code_Point

Dep

Deprecated

DI

Dia

Diacritic

dm

dt

ea

East_Asian_Width

EqUIdeo

Equivalent_Unified_Ideograph

Expands_On_NFC

Expands_On_NFD

Expands_On_NFKC

Expands_On_NFKD

Ext

Extender

FC_NFKC

FC_NFKC_Closure

Full_Composition_Exclusion

gc

GCB

General_Category

Gr_Base

Gr_Ext

Gr_Link

Grapheme_Base

Grapheme_Cluster_Break

Grapheme_Extend

Grapheme_Link

Hangul_Syllable_Type

Hex

Hex_Digit

hst

Hyphen

ID_Continue

ID_Start

IDC

Ideo

Ideographic

IDS

IDS_Binary_Operator

IDS_Trinary_Operator

IDSB

IDST

Indic_Positional_Category

Indic_Syllabic_Category

InPC

InSC

isc

ISO_Comment

Jamo_Short_Name

jg

Join_C

Join_Control

Joining_Group

Joining_Type

JSN

jt

kAccountingNumeric

kCompatibilityVariant

kIICore

kIRG_GSource

kIRG_HSource

kIRG_JSource

kIRG_KPSource

kIRG_KSource

kIRG_MSource

kIRG_TSource

kIRG_USource

kIRG_VSource

kOtherNumeric

kPrimaryNumeric

kRSUnicode

lb

lc

Line_Break

LOE

Logical_Order_Exception

Lower

Lowercase

Lowercase_Mapping

Math

na

na1

Name

Name_Alias

NChar

NFC_QC

NFC_Quick_Check

NFD_QC

NFD_Quick_Check

NFKC_Casefold

NFKC_CF

NFKC_QC

NFKC_Quick_Check

NFKD_QC

NFKD_Quick_Check

Noncharacter_Code_Point

nt

Numeric_Type

Numeric_Value

nv

OAlpha

ODI

OGr_Ext

OIDC

OIDS

OLower

OMath

Other_Alphabetic

Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point

Other_Grapheme_Extend

Other_ID_Continue

Other_ID_Start

Other_Lowercase

Other_Math

Other_Uppercase

OUpper

Pat_Syn

Pat_WS

Pattern_Syntax

Pattern_White_Space

PCM

Prepended_Concatenation_Mark

QMark

Quotation_Mark

Radical

Regional_Indicator

RI

SB

sc

scf

Script

Script_Extensions

scx

SD

Sentence_Break

Sentence_Terminal

Simple_Case_Folding

Simple_Lowercase_Mapping

Simple_Titlecase_Mapping

Simple_Uppercase_Mapping

slc

Soft_Dotted

stc

STerm

suc

tc

Term

Terminal_Punctuation

Titlecase_Mapping

uc

UIdeo

Unicode_1_Name

Unified_Ideograph

Upper

Uppercase

Uppercase_Mapping

Variation_Selector

Vertical_Orientation

vo

VS

WB

White_Space

Word_Break

WSpace

XID_Continue

XID_Start

XIDC

XIDS

XO_NFC

XO_NFD

XO_NFKC

XO_NFKD

value value⚓︎
specifies the value of a named Unicode property.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.text

Contained by

gaiji: char glyph

May contain
Empty element

Note

A definitive list of current Unicode property names is provided in The Unicode Standard.

Example

<char xml:id="U4EBA_circled">
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle" version="12.1"/>
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element unicodeProp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.gaijiProp.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   attribute name
   {
      "Age"
    | "AHex"
    | "Alpha"
    | "Alphabetic"
    | "ASCII_Hex_Digit"
    | "bc"
    | "Bidi_C"
    | "Bidi_Class"
    | "Bidi_Control"
    | "Bidi_M"
    | "Bidi_Mirrored"
    | "Bidi_Mirroring_Glyph"
    | "Bidi_Paired_Bracket"
    | "Bidi_Paired_Bracket_Type"
    | "blk"
    | "Block"
    | "bmg"
    | "bpb"
    | "bpt"
    | "Canonical_Combining_Class"
    | "Case_Folding"
    | "Case_Ignorable"
    | "Cased"
    | "ccc"
    | "CE"
    | "cf"
    | "Changes_When_Casefolded"
    | "Changes_When_Casemapped"
    | "Changes_When_Lowercased"
    | "Changes_When_NFKC_Casefolded"
    | "Changes_When_Titlecased"
    | "Changes_When_Uppercased"
    | "CI"
    | "Comp_Ex"
    | "Composition_Exclusion"
    | "CWCF"
    | "CWCM"
    | "CWKCF"
    | "CWL"
    | "CWT"
    | "CWU"
    | "Dash"
    | "Decomposition_Mapping"
    | "Decomposition_Type"
    | "Default_Ignorable_Code_Point"
    | "Dep"
    | "Deprecated"
    | "DI"
    | "Dia"
    | "Diacritic"
    | "dm"
    | "dt"
    | "ea"
    | "East_Asian_Width"
    | "EqUIdeo"
    | "Equivalent_Unified_Ideograph"
    | "Expands_On_NFC"
    | "Expands_On_NFD"
    | "Expands_On_NFKC"
    | "Expands_On_NFKD"
    | "Ext"
    | "Extender"
    | "FC_NFKC"
    | "FC_NFKC_Closure"
    | "Full_Composition_Exclusion"
    | "gc"
    | "GCB"
    | "General_Category"
    | "Gr_Base"
    | "Gr_Ext"
    | "Gr_Link"
    | "Grapheme_Base"
    | "Grapheme_Cluster_Break"
    | "Grapheme_Extend"
    | "Grapheme_Link"
    | "Hangul_Syllable_Type"
    | "Hex"
    | "Hex_Digit"
    | "hst"
    | "Hyphen"
    | "ID_Continue"
    | "ID_Start"
    | "IDC"
    | "Ideo"
    | "Ideographic"
    | "IDS"
    | "IDS_Binary_Operator"
    | "IDS_Trinary_Operator"
    | "IDSB"
    | "IDST"
    | "Indic_Positional_Category"
    | "Indic_Syllabic_Category"
    | "InPC"
    | "InSC"
    | "isc"
    | "ISO_Comment"
    | "Jamo_Short_Name"
    | "jg"
    | "Join_C"
    | "Join_Control"
    | "Joining_Group"
    | "Joining_Type"
    | "JSN"
    | "jt"
    | "kAccountingNumeric"
    | "kCompatibilityVariant"
    | "kIICore"
    | "kIRG_GSource"
    | "kIRG_HSource"
    | "kIRG_JSource"
    | "kIRG_KPSource"
    | "kIRG_KSource"
    | "kIRG_MSource"
    | "kIRG_TSource"
    | "kIRG_USource"
    | "kIRG_VSource"
    | "kOtherNumeric"
    | "kPrimaryNumeric"
    | "kRSUnicode"
    | "lb"
    | "lc"
    | "Line_Break"
    | "LOE"
    | "Logical_Order_Exception"
    | "Lower"
    | "Lowercase"
    | "Lowercase_Mapping"
    | "Math"
    | "na"
    | "na1"
    | "Name"
    | "Name_Alias"
    | "NChar"
    | "NFC_QC"
    | "NFC_Quick_Check"
    | "NFD_QC"
    | "NFD_Quick_Check"
    | "NFKC_Casefold"
    | "NFKC_CF"
    | "NFKC_QC"
    | "NFKC_Quick_Check"
    | "NFKD_QC"
    | "NFKD_Quick_Check"
    | "Noncharacter_Code_Point"
    | "nt"
    | "Numeric_Type"
    | "Numeric_Value"
    | "nv"
    | "OAlpha"
    | "ODI"
    | "OGr_Ext"
    | "OIDC"
    | "OIDS"
    | "OLower"
    | "OMath"
    | "Other_Alphabetic"
    | "Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point"
    | "Other_Grapheme_Extend"
    | "Other_ID_Continue"
    | "Other_ID_Start"
    | "Other_Lowercase"
    | "Other_Math"
    | "Other_Uppercase"
    | "OUpper"
    | "Pat_Syn"
    | "Pat_WS"
    | "Pattern_Syntax"
    | "Pattern_White_Space"
    | "PCM"
    | "Prepended_Concatenation_Mark"
    | "QMark"
    | "Quotation_Mark"
    | "Radical"
    | "Regional_Indicator"
    | "RI"
    | "SB"
    | "sc"
    | "scf"
    | "Script"
    | "Script_Extensions"
    | "scx"
    | "SD"
    | "Sentence_Break"
    | "Sentence_Terminal"
    | "Simple_Case_Folding"
    | "Simple_Lowercase_Mapping"
    | "Simple_Titlecase_Mapping"
    | "Simple_Uppercase_Mapping"
    | "slc"
    | "Soft_Dotted"
    | "stc"
    | "STerm"
    | "suc"
    | "tc"
    | "Term"
    | "Terminal_Punctuation"
    | "Titlecase_Mapping"
    | "uc"
    | "UIdeo"
    | "Unicode_1_Name"
    | "Unified_Ideograph"
    | "Upper"
    | "Uppercase"
    | "Uppercase_Mapping"
    | "Variation_Selector"
    | "Vertical_Orientation"
    | "vo"
    | "VS"
    | "WB"
    | "White_Space"
    | "Word_Break"
    | "WSpace"
    | "XID_Continue"
    | "XID_Start"
    | "XIDC"
    | "XIDS"
    | "XO_NFC"
    | "XO_NFD"
    | "XO_NFKC"
    | "XO_NFKD"
   },
   attribute value { teidata.text },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <unicodeProp> (unicode property)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <unicodeProp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <unicodeProp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.2.1. Character Properties

<unicodeProp name="Ideographic"
 value="false"/>

5.4. Adding New Characters

<char xml:id="U4EBA-circled">
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="cicle"/>
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 36"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <mapping type="standard"> &#x4EBA;
 </mapping>
 <mapping type="PUA"> &#xE000;
 </mapping>
</char>

<charDecl>

<charDecl>
 <char xml:id="aENL">
  <unicodeProp name="Name"
   value="LATIN LETTER ENLARGED SMALL A"/>
  <mapping type="standard">a</mapping>
 </char>
</charDecl>

<char>

<char xml:id="circledU4EBA">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<char>

<char xml:id="fr_circledU4EBA">
 <localProp name="nom"
  value="IDEOGRAMME ENCADRE 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<localProp>

<char xml:id="daikanwaU4EBA">
 <localProp name="name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="daikanwa"/>
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

<unicodeProp>

<char xml:id="U4EBA_circled">
 <unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
  value="circle" version="12.1"/>
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH 4EBA"/>
 <localProp name="daikanwa" value="36"/>
 <mapping type="standard">人</mapping>
</char>

att.gaijiProp

<unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
 value="circle"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<metDecl>

<metDecl> (metrical notation declaration) documents the notation employed to represent a metrical pattern when this is specified as the value of a met, real, or rhyme attribute on any structural element of a metrical text (e.g. lg, l, or seg). [6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration 6.4. Rhyme and Metrical Analysis]

Module
verse — Verse

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

type type⚓︎
indicates whether the notation conveys the abstract metrical form, its actual prosodic realization, or the rhyme scheme, or some combination thereof.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–3 occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Legal values are:

met

(met attribute) declaration applies to the abstract metrical form recorded on the met attribute

real

(real attribute) declaration applies to the actual realization of the conventional metrical structure recorded on the real attribute

rhyme

declaration applies to the rhyme scheme recorded on the rhyme attribute

Note

By default, the metDecl element documents the notation used for metrical pattern and realization. It may also be used to document the notation used for rhyme scheme information; if not otherwise documented, the rhyme scheme notation defaults to the traditional ‘abab’ notation.

pattern pattern⚓︎
(regular expression pattern) specifies a regular expression defining any value that is legal for this notation.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pattern

Note

The value must be a valid regular expression per the World Wide Web Consortium's XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, Appendix F.

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

core: note noteGrp p

linking: ab

verse: metSym

Note

The encoder may choose whether to define the notation formally or informally. However, the two methods may not be mixed. That is, metDecl may contain either a sequence of metSym elements or, alternately, a series of paragraphs or other components. If the pattern attribute is specified and metSym elements are used, then all the codes appearing within the pattern attribute should be documented.

Only usable within the header if the verse module is used.

Example

<metDecl xml:id="ip" type="met"
 pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
 <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
 <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
</metDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

This example is intended for the far more restricted case typified by the Shakespearean iambic pentameter. Only metrical patterns containing exactly ten syllables, alternately stressed and unstressed, (except for the first two which may be in either order) to each metrical line can be expressed using this notation.

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:metDecl"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="metSym" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element metDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      list
      {
         ( "met" | "real" | "rhyme" ),
         ( "met" | "real" | "rhyme" )?,
         ( "met" | "real" | "rhyme" )?
      }
   }?,
   attribute pattern { teidata.pattern }?,
   ( ( model.pLike | model.noteLike )+ | metSym+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <metDecl> (metrical notation declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <metDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <metDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

6. Verse

6. Verse

6.4.3. Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse

<metDecl type="met" pattern="((E|S)/)+)">
 <metSym value="E" terminal="false">xxxxxxxxx+o</metSym>
 <metSym value="S" terminal="false">xxxxx+o</metSym>
 <metSym value="x">metrically prominent or non-prominent</metSym>
 <metSym value="+">metrically prominent</metSym>
 <metSym value="o">optional non prominent</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">line division</metSym>
</metDecl>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<metDecl pattern="((1|0)+\|?/?)*">
 <metSym value="1">metrical prominence</metSym>
 <metSym value="0">metrical non-prominence</metSym>
 <metSym value="|">foot boundary</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
</metDecl>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<metDecl>
 <p>Metrically prominent syllables are marked '1' and other
   syllables '0'. Foot divisions are marked by a vertical bar,
   and line divisions with a solidus.</p>
 <p>This notation may be applied to any metrical unit, of any
   size (including, for example, individual feet as well as
   groups of lines).</p>
</metDecl>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<metDecl pattern="[DTIS3A]+">
 <metSym n="dactyl" value="D"
  terminal="false">-oo</metSym>
 <metSym n="trochee" value="T"
  terminal="false">-o</metSym>
 <metSym n="iamb" value="I" terminal="false">o-</metSym>
 <metSym n="spondee" value="S"
  terminal="false">--</metSym>
 <metSym n="tribrach" value="3"
  terminal="false">ooo</metSym>
 <metSym n="anapaest" value="A"
  terminal="false">oo-</metSym>
 <metSym value="o">short syllable</metSym>
 <metSym value="-">long syllable</metSym>
</metDecl>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <metDecl xml:id="md_en" type="met"
  pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
  <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
 </metDecl>
 <metDecl xml:id="md_fr" type="met"
  pattern="(AAAAAT\|AAAAT(A)?)">
  <metSym value="T">syllabe tonique</metSym>
  <metSym value="A">syllabe atone</metSym>
  <metSym value="|">pause métrique</metSym>
 </metDecl>
<!-- ... -->
</encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div decls="#md_en">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
 <div decls="#md_fr">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>

<metDecl>

<metDecl xml:id="ip" type="met"
 pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
 <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
 <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
</metDecl>

<metDecl>

<metDecl xml:id="fr_ip" type="met"
 pattern="(AAAAAT\|AAAAT(A)?)">
 <metSym value="T">syllabe tonique</metSym>
 <metSym value="A">syllabe atone</metSym>
 <metSym value="|">pause métrique</metSym>
</metDecl>

<metDecl>

<metDecl xml:id="zh-tw_ip" type="met"
 pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
 <metSym value="S">仄聲</metSym>
 <metSym value="U">平聲</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">詩行分界線</metSym>
</metDecl>

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<metSym>

<metSym> (metrical notation symbol) documents the intended significance of a particular character or character sequence within a metrical notation, either explicitly or in terms of other metSym elements in the same metDecl. [6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration]

Module
verse — Verse

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

value value⚓︎
specifies the character or character sequence being documented.

Status
Required

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

terminal terminal⚓︎
specifies whether the symbol is defined in terms of other symbols (terminal is set to false) or in prose (terminal is set to true).

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Default
true

Note

The value true indicates that the element contains a prose definition of its meaning; the value false indicates that the element contains a definition of its meaning given using symbols defined elsewhere in the same metDecl element.

Contained by

verse: metDecl

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<metSym value="x">a stressed syllable</metSym>
<metSym value="o">an unstressed syllable</metSym>
<metSym value="A" terminal="false">xoo</metSym>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element metSym
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute value { list { teidata.word+ } },
   attribute terminal { teidata.truthValue }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <metSym> (metrical notation symbol)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <metSym> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <metSym> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

6. Verse

6. Verse

6.4.3. Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse

<metDecl type="met" pattern="((E|S)/)+)">
 <metSym value="E" terminal="false">xxxxxxxxx+o</metSym>
 <metSym value="S" terminal="false">xxxxx+o</metSym>
 <metSym value="x">metrically prominent or non-prominent</metSym>
 <metSym value="+">metrically prominent</metSym>
 <metSym value="o">optional non prominent</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">line division</metSym>
</metDecl>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<metDecl pattern="((1|0)+\|?/?)*">
 <metSym value="1">metrical prominence</metSym>
 <metSym value="0">metrical non-prominence</metSym>
 <metSym value="|">foot boundary</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
</metDecl>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<metDecl pattern="[DTIS3A]+">
 <metSym n="dactyl" value="D"
  terminal="false">-oo</metSym>
 <metSym n="trochee" value="T"
  terminal="false">-o</metSym>
 <metSym n="iamb" value="I" terminal="false">o-</metSym>
 <metSym n="spondee" value="S"
  terminal="false">--</metSym>
 <metSym n="tribrach" value="3"
  terminal="false">ooo</metSym>
 <metSym n="anapaest" value="A"
  terminal="false">oo-</metSym>
 <metSym value="o">short syllable</metSym>
 <metSym value="-">long syllable</metSym>
</metDecl>

6.6. Metrical Notation Declaration

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <metDecl xml:id="md_en" type="met"
  pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
  <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
  <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
 </metDecl>
 <metDecl xml:id="md_fr" type="met"
  pattern="(AAAAAT\|AAAAT(A)?)">
  <metSym value="T">syllabe tonique</metSym>
  <metSym value="A">syllabe atone</metSym>
  <metSym value="|">pause métrique</metSym>
 </metDecl>
<!-- ... -->
</encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div decls="#md_en">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
 <div decls="#md_fr">
  <lg>
   <l>
<!-- ... -->
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>

<metDecl>

<metDecl xml:id="ip" type="met"
 pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
 <metSym value="S">stressed syllable</metSym>
 <metSym value="U">unstressed syllable</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">metrical line boundary</metSym>
</metDecl>

<metDecl>

<metDecl xml:id="fr_ip" type="met"
 pattern="(AAAAAT\|AAAAT(A)?)">
 <metSym value="T">syllabe tonique</metSym>
 <metSym value="A">syllabe atone</metSym>
 <metSym value="|">pause métrique</metSym>
</metDecl>

<metDecl>

<metDecl xml:id="zh-tw_ip" type="met"
 pattern="((SU|US)USUSUSUS/)">
 <metSym value="S">仄聲</metSym>
 <metSym value="U">平聲</metSym>
 <metSym value="/">詩行分界線</metSym>
</metDecl>

<metSym>

<metSym value="x">a stressed syllable</metSym>
<metSym value="o">an unstressed syllable</metSym>
<metSym value="A" terminal="false">xoo</metSym>

<metSym>

<metSym value="x">syllabe tonique</metSym>
<metSym value="o">syllabe atone</metSym>
<metSym value="A" terminal="false">xoo</metSym>

<metSym>

<metSym value="仄">抑聲</metSym>
<metSym value="平">揚聲</metSym>

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<caesura>

<caesura> marks the point at which a metrical line may be divided. [6.2. Components of the Verse Line]

Module
verse — Verse

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.lPart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Example

<l>Hwæt we Gar-Dena <caesura/> in gear-dagum</l>
<l>þeod-cyninga <caesura/> þrym gefrunon,</l>
<l>hy ða æþelingas <caesura/> ellen fremedon.</l>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element caesura
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <caesura>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <caesura> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <caesura> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

6. Verse

6. Verse

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

<l>In a somer seson,
<caesura/> whan softe was the sonne, </l>
<l>I shoop me into shroudes <caesura/> as I a sheep were, </l>
<l>In habite as an heremite <caesura/> unholy of werkes, </l>
<l>Went wide in this world <caesura/> wondres to here. </l>

<caesura>

<l>Hwæt we Gar-Dena <caesura/> in gear-dagum</l>
<l>þeod-cyninga <caesura/> þrym gefrunon,</l>
<l>hy ða æþelingas <caesura/> ellen fremedon.</l>

<caesura>

<l>Souvent sur la montagne,<caesura/> à l'ombre du vieux chêne,</l>
<l> Au coucher du soleil,<caesura/> tristement je m'assieds ;</l>

<caesura>

<l>枯藤<caesura/>老樹<caesura/>昏鴉</l>
<l>小橋<caesura/>流水<caesura/>人家</l>
<l>古道<caesura/>西風<caesura/>瘦馬</l>
<l>夕陽西下<caesura/>斷腸人在天涯</l>

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<rhyme>

<rhyme> marks the rhyming part of a metrical line. [6.5. Rhyme]

Module
verse — Verse

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

label label⚓︎
provides a label (usually a single letter) to identify which part of a rhyme scheme this rhyming string instantiates.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.word

Note

Within a particular scope, all rhyme elements with the same value for their label attribute are assumed to rhyme with each other. The scope is defined by the nearest ancestor element for which the rhyme attribute has been supplied.

Member of

model.lPart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<lg rhyme="abababcc">
 <l>'Tis pity learned virgins ever <rhyme label="a">wed</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>With persons of no sort of edu<rhyme label="b">cation</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Or gentlemen, who, though well born and <rhyme label="a">bred</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Grow tired of scientific conver<rhyme label="b">sation</rhyme>:</l>
 <l>I don't choose to say much on this <rhyme label="a">head</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>I'm a plain man, and in a single <rhyme label="b">station</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>But — Oh! ye lords of ladies inte<rhyme label="c">llectual</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Inform us truly, have they not hen-<rhyme label="c">peck'd you all</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<lg>
 <l>Tyger! Tyger! burning <rhyme label="a">bright</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>In the forests of the <rhyme label="a">night</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>What immortal hand or <rhyme label="b">eye</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Could frame thy fearful <rhyme label="b" type="eye-rhyme">symmetry</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<lg>
 <l>"Hark! Lakshman! Hark, again that <rhyme label="a">cry</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>It is, — it is my husband's <rhyme label="b">voice</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>hasten, to his succour <rhyme label="a">fly</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>No more hast thou, dear friend, a <rhyme label="b">choice</rhyme>.</l>
 <l>He calls on thee, perhaps his <rhyme label="c">foes</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Environ him on all sides <rhyme label="d">round</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>That wail, — it means death's final <rhyme label="c">throes</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>Why standest thou, as magic-<rhyme label="d">bound</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element rhyme
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute label { teidata.word }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <rhyme>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <rhyme> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <rhyme> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

6. Verse

6. Verse

6.5. Rhyme

<lg type="couplet" rhyme="aa">
 <l>Outside in the distance a wildcat did <rhyme>growl</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Two riders were approaching and the wind began to <rhyme>howl</rhyme>
 </l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg type="quatrain" rhyme="abab">
 <l>I wander thro' each charter'd <rhyme label="a">street</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Near where the charter'd Thames does <rhyme label="b">flow</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>And mark in every face I <rhyme label="a">meet</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Marks of weakness, marks of <rhyme label="b">woe</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>
<lg rhyme="abab">
 <l>In every cry of every <rhyme label="a">Man</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>In every Infant's cry of <rhyme label="b">fear</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>In every voice, in every <rhyme label="a">ban</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>The mind-forg'd manacles I <rhyme label="b">hear</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg rhyme="ABCCBBA">
 <l>The sunlight on the <rhyme label="A">garden</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>
  <rhyme label="A">Harden</rhyme>s and grows <rhyme label="B">cold</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>We cannot cage the <rhyme label="C">minute</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Wi<rhyme label="C">thin it</rhyme>s nets of <rhyme label="B">gold</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>When all is <rhyme label="B">told</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot beg for <rhyme label="A">pardon</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

6.5. Rhyme

<lg rhyme="AB-BBA">
 <l>The sunlight on the <rhyme xml:id="V-A1">garden</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>
  <rhyme xml:id="V-A2">Harden</rhyme>s and grows <rhyme xml:id="V-B1">cold,</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot cage the <rhyme xml:id="V-C1">minute</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Wi<rhyme xml:id="V-C2">thin it</rhyme>s nets of <rhyme xml:id="V-B2">gold</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>When all is <rhyme xml:id="V-B3">told</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>We cannot beg for <rhyme xml:id="V-A3">pardon</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg rhyme="abababcc">
 <l>'Tis pity learned virgins ever <rhyme label="a">wed</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>With persons of no sort of edu<rhyme label="b">cation</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Or gentlemen, who, though well born and <rhyme label="a">bred</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Grow tired of scientific conver<rhyme label="b">sation</rhyme>:</l>
 <l>I don't choose to say much on this <rhyme label="a">head</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>I'm a plain man, and in a single <rhyme label="b">station</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>But — Oh! ye lords of ladies inte<rhyme label="c">llectual</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Inform us truly, have they not hen-<rhyme label="c">peck'd you all</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg>
 <l>Tyger! Tyger! burning <rhyme label="a">bright</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>In the forests of the <rhyme label="a">night</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>What immortal hand or <rhyme label="b">eye</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Could frame thy fearful <rhyme label="b" type="eye-rhyme">symmetry</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg>
 <l>"Hark! Lakshman! Hark, again that <rhyme label="a">cry</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>It is, — it is my husband's <rhyme label="b">voice</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>hasten, to his succour <rhyme label="a">fly</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>No more hast thou, dear friend, a <rhyme label="b">choice</rhyme>.</l>
 <l>He calls on thee, perhaps his <rhyme label="c">foes</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l>Environ him on all sides <rhyme label="d">round</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>That wail, — it means death's final <rhyme label="c">throes</rhyme>!</l>
 <l>Why standest thou, as magic-<rhyme label="d">bound</rhyme>?</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg type="quatrain" rhyme="aabccb">
 <l> Les étoiles, points d'or, percent les branches n<rhyme label="a">oires</rhyme> ; </l>
 <l> Le flot huileux et lourd décompose ses m<rhyme label="a">oires</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l> Sur l'océan blê<rhyme label="b">mi</rhyme> ;</l>
 <l>Les nuages ont l'air d'oiseaux prenant la f<rhyme label="c">uite</rhyme>,</l>
 <l>Par moments le vent parle, et dit des mots sans s<rhyme label="c">uite</rhyme>
 </l>
 <l> Comme un homme endor<rhyme label="b">mi</rhyme>.</l>
</lg>

<rhyme>

<lg rhyme="ou">
 <l>故人西辭黃鶴 <rhyme label="lou2">樓</rhyme>，</l>
 <l>煙花三月下揚<rhyme label="jou">州</rhyme>；</l>
 <l>孤帆遠影碧山<rhyme label="jin4">盡</rhyme>，</l>
 <l>唯見長江天際流<rhyme label="liou2">sation</rhyme>。</l>
</lg>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<set>

<set> (setting) contains a description of the setting, time, locale, appearance, etc., of the action of a play, typically found in the front matter of a printed performance text (not a stage direction). [7.1. Front and Back Matter ]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.frontPart.drama

Contained by

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back front

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

Contains paragraphs or phrase level tags.

This element should not be used outside the front or back matter; for similar contextual descriptions within the body of the text, use the stage element.

Example

<set>
 <p>The action takes place on February 7th between the hours of noon and six in the
   afternoon, close to the Trenartha Tin Plate Works, on the borders of England and Wales,
   where a strike has been in progress throughout the winter.</p>
</set>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<set>
 <head>SCENE</head>
 <p>A Sub-Post Office on a late autumn evening</p>
</set>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<front>
<!-- <titlePage>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TIME</label>
   <item>1907</item>
   <label>PLACE</label>
   <item>East Coast village in England</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.common"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element set
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( ( model.headLike | model.global )*, ( ( model.common, model.global* )* ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <set> (setting)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <set> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <set> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <castList>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <p>The action of the play is set in Chicago's
     Southside, sometime between World War II and the
     present.</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

<set>

<set>
 <p>The action takes place on February 7th between the hours of noon and six in the
   afternoon, close to the Trenartha Tin Plate Works, on the borders of England and Wales,
   where a strike has been in progress throughout the winter.</p>
</set>

<set>

<set>
 <p>Bel après-midi de printemps en 1899. Madame Claire Roc est assise dans un fauteuil en
   osier et feuillette un magazine [...], on peut entendre des cris joyeux d'enfants. </p>
</set>

<set>

<set>
 <head>Une représentation à l'hôtel de Bourgogne</head>
 <p>La salle de l'Hôtel de Bourgogne, en 1640. Sorte de hangar de jeu de paume aménagé et
   embelli pour des représentations.</p>
 <p>La salle est un carré long ; on la voit en biais, de sorte qu'un de ses côtés forme le
   fond qui part du premier plan, à droite, et va au dernier plan, à gauche, faire angle
   avec la scène qu'on aperçoit en pan coupé.</p>
</set>

<set>

<front>
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TEMPS</label>
   <item>1640</item>
   <label>LIEU</label>
   <item>La salle de l'Hôtel de Bourgogne</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

<set>

<set>
 <p>故事發生於九月八日正午十二點至三點間，位於台北中正紀念堂附近，有群眾包圍抗議政府的更名政策。</p>
</set>

<set>

<set>
 <head>場景</head>
 <p>在一個秋高氣爽的下午，中正紀念堂前</p>
</set>

<set>

<front>
<!-- <>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>時間：</label>
   <item>2007</item>
   <label>地點：</label>
   <item>台北市中心</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

<set>

<set>
 <head>SCENE</head>
 <p>A Sub-Post Office on a late autumn evening</p>
</set>

<set>

<front>
<!-- <titlePage>, <div type="Dedication">, etc. -->
 <set>
  <list type="gloss">
   <label>TIME</label>
   <item>1907</item>
   <label>PLACE</label>
   <item>East Coast village in England</item>
  </list>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<front>
 <prologue>
  <head>Prologue, spoken by <name>Mr. Hart</name>
  </head>
  <l>Poets like Cudgel'd Bullys, never do</l>
  <l>At first, or second blow, submit to you;</l>
  <l>But will provoke you still, and ne're have done,</l>
  <l>Till you are weary first, with laying on:</l>
  <l>We patiently you see, give up to you,</l>
  <l>Our Poets, Virgins, nay our Matrons too.</l>
 </prologue>
 <castList>
  <head>The Persons</head>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <head>The SCENE</head>
  <p>London</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<prologue>

<prologue> (prologue) contains the prologue to a drama, typically spoken by an actor out of character, possibly in association with a particular performance or venue. [7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues 7.1. Front and Back Matter ]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.frontPart.drama

Contained by

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back front

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<prologue>
 <sp>
  <l>Wits, like physicians never can agree,</l>
  <l>When of a different society.</l>
  <l>New plays are stuffed with wits, and with deboches,</l>
  <l>That crowd and sweat like cits in May-Day coaches.</l>
 </sp>
 <trailer>Written by a person of quality</trailer>
</prologue>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.common"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element prologue
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      ( ( model.common, model.global* )+ ),
      ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <prologue> (prologue)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <prologue> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <prologue> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<front>
 <prologue>
  <head>Prologue, spoken by <name>Mr. Hart</name>
  </head>
  <l>Poets like Cudgel'd Bullys, never do</l>
  <l>At first, or second blow, submit to you;</l>
  <l>But will provoke you still, and ne're have done,</l>
  <l>Till you are weary first, with laying on:</l>
  <l>We patiently you see, give up to you,</l>
  <l>Our Poets, Virgins, nay our Matrons too.</l>
 </prologue>
 <castList>
  <head>The Persons</head>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <head>The SCENE</head>
  <p>London</p>
 </set>
</front>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <sp>
  <l>Wits, like physicians never can agree,</l>
  <l>When of a different society.</l>
  <l>New plays are stuffed with wits, and with deboches,</l>
  <l>That crowd and sweat like cits in May-Day coaches.</l>
 </sp>
 <trailer>Written by a person of quality</trailer>
</prologue>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <head>Prologue</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Le Prologue.</speaker>
  <p>Voilà. Ces personnages vont vous jouer l' histoire d' Antigone. Antigone, c' est la
     petite maigre qui est assise là-bas, et qui ne dit rien. Elle regarde droit devant
     elle. Elle pense. Elle pense qu' elle va être Antigone tout à l' heure, qu' elle va
     surgir soudain de la maigre jeune fille noiraude et renfermée que personne ne prenait
     au sérieux dans la famille et se dresser seule en face du monde, seule en face de
     Créon, son oncle, qui est le roi. Elle pense qu' elle va mourir, qu' elle est jeune et
     qu' elle aussi, elle aurait bien aimé vivre. Mais il n' y a rien à faire. Elle s'
     appelle Antigone et il va falloir qu' elle joue son rôle jusqu' au bout... </p>
 </sp>
</prologue>

<prologue>

<prologue>
 <sp>
  <l>何時姊妹再相逢，雷電轟轟雨蒙蒙？</l>
  <l>且等烽煙靜四陲，敗軍高奏凱歌回。</l>
  <l>半山夕照尚含輝。</l>
  <l>何處相逢？</l>
  <l>在荒原。</l>
  <l>共同去見麥克白。</l>
  <l>我來了，狸貓精。</l>
  <l>癩蛤蟆叫我了。</l>
  <l>來也。</l>
  <l>美即丑惡丑即美，翱翔毒霧妖云里。</l>
 </sp>
 <trailer>三女巫同下</trailer>
</prologue>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<epilogue>

<epilogue> (epilogue) contains the epilogue to a drama, typically spoken by an actor out of character, possibly in association with a particular performance or venue. [7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues 7.1. Front and Back Matter ]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.frontPart.drama

Contained by

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back front

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

Contains optional headings, a sequence of one or more component-level elements, and an optional sequence of closing material.

Example

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name> and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="triplet">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage type="business">Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.common"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element epilogue
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      ( ( model.common, model.global* )+ ),
      ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <epilogue> (epilogue)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <epilogue> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <epilogue> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name>
   and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage>Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Written by <name>Colley Cibber, Esq</name> and spoken by <name>Mrs. Cibber</name>
 </head>
 <sp>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>Since Fate has robb'd me of the hapless Youth,</l>
   <l>For whom my heart had hoarded up its truth;</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>By all the Laws of Love and Honour, now,</l>
   <l>I'm free again to chuse, — and one of you</l>
  </lg>
  <lg type="triplet">
   <l>Suppose I search the sober Gallery; — No,</l>
   <l>There's none but Prentices — &amp; Cuckolds all a row:</l>
   <l>And these, I doubt, are those that make 'em so.</l>
  </lg>
  <stage type="business">Pointing to the Boxes.</stage>
  <lg type="couplet">
   <l>'Tis very well, enjoy the jest:</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>Stances en forme d'épilogue. </head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Alidor.</speaker>
  <lg type="stances">
   <l>Que par cette retraite elle me favorise !</l>
   <l>Alors que mes desseins cedent à mes amours,</l>
   <l> Et qu'ils ne sçauroient plus defendre ma franchise</l>
   <l> Sa haine, et ses refus viennent à leur secours.</l>
   <l> J'avois beau la trahir, une secrette amorce</l>
   <l> R'allumoit dans mon coeur l'amour par la pitié,</l>
   <l> Mes feux en recevoient une nouvelle force,</l>
   <l> Et tousjours leur ardeur en croissoit de moitié.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

<epilogue>

<epilogue>
 <head>收場詩</head>
 <stage type="business">飾國王者向觀眾致辭</stage>
 <sp>
  <lg type="stanza">
   <l>袍笏登場本是虛，</l>
   <l>王侯卿相總堪嗤，</l>
   <l>但能博得觀眾喜，</l>
   <l>便是功成圓滿時。</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
</epilogue>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<performance>

<performance> (performance) contains a section of front or back matter describing how a dramatic piece is to be performed in general or how it was performed on some specific occasion. [7.1.3. Records of Performances 7.1. Front and Back Matter ]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.frontPart.drama

Contained by

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: back front

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

contains paragraphs and an optional cast list only.

Example

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Gateway Theatre, Edinburgh</rs>, <date>6 September 1948</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Anath Bithiah</role>
    <actor>Athene Seyler</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Shendi</role>
    <actor>Robert Rietty</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Directed by <name>E. Martin Browne</name>
 </p>
</performance>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<performance>
 <p>Cast of the original production at the <rs type="place">Savoy Theatre, London,</rs> on
 <date>September 24, 1907</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>Colonel Hope : Mr A.E.George</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.common"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element performance
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      ( ( model.common, model.global* )+ ),
      ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <performance> (performance)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <performance> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <performance> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <p>La Machine Infernale a été
   représentée pour la première fois au
 <rs type="place-theatre">théâtre Louis-Jouvet</rs>
  <rs type="place-theatre">(Comédie des
     Champs-élysées)</rs>
  <date>le 10 avril 1934</date>,
   avec les décors et les costumes de
 <name>Christian Bérard.</name> ... </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Gateway Theatre, Edinburgh</rs>, <date>6 September 1948</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Anath Bithiah</role>
    <actor>Athene Seyler</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Shendi</role>
    <actor>Robert Rietty</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Directed by <name>E. Martin Browne</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Théâtre national du Petit-Odéon, Paris</rs>, <date>du 10 Décembre 1974
     au 12 Janvier 1975</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Paul Valéry</role>
    <actor>Michel Duchaussoy</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Joseph</role>
    <actor>Gérad Caillaud</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>M. Teste</role>
    <actor>Pierre Dux</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Mme Teste</role>
    <actor>Claude Winter</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>L'abbé Mosson</role>
    <actor>Jacques Toja</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Adaptation et mise en scène de <name>Pierre Franck</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Distribution <rs type="place">Comédie des Champs-Elysées, Paris,</rs>
  <date>1923</date>(par ordre d'entrée en scène) <castList>
   <castItem>Knock : Louis Jouvet</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">新竹市文化局演藝廳</rs>, <date>2008年3月14日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉福春</role>
    <actor>陳忠義</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉麗月</role>
    <actor>陳慧如</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>監製： <name>李永得</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>首演假<rs type="place">台北國家劇院</rs>於 <date>2007年10月12日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>劉麗君: 徐堰鈴飾</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Cast of the original production at the <rs type="place">Savoy Theatre, London,</rs> on
 <date>September 24, 1907</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>Colonel Hope : Mr A.E.George</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<performance>
 <p>The first performance in Great Britain of <title>Waiting for
     Godot</title> was given at the Arts Theatre, London, on
 <date when="1955-08-03">3rd August 1955</date>. It was directed by
 <name>Peter Hall</name>, and the décor was by <name>Peter
     Snow</name>. The cast was as follows:</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>Estragon: Peter Woodthorpe</castItem>
  <castItem>Vladimir: Paul Daneman</castItem>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>

<move>

<performance xml:id="perf1">
 <p>First performance</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="bellaf">Bellafront</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bellaf" type="enter" where="L"
  perf="#perf1"/> Enter
Bellafront mad.
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="fr_perf1">
 <p>Première apparition</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="fr_clar">Clarence</role>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#fr_clar" type="enter"
  perf="#perf1"/>(Entre Clarence,
entouré de gardes).
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="zh-tw_perf1">
 <p>第一場戲</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="zh-tw_bellaf">楊四郎</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- 其他角色 -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#zh-tw_bellaf" type="enter"
  where="L" perf="#perf1"/>
進場：楊四郎，鬱悶思鄉。
</stage>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<castList>

<castList> (cast list) contains a single cast list or dramatis personae. [7.1.4. Cast Lists 7.1. Front and Back Matter ]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.frontPart.drama model.inter model.standOffPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph front imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit desc ellipsis gap gb head index l label lb lg list listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castGroup castItem castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener salute signed

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">The action takes place in and around the home surgery of
Dr Bero, lately returned from the wars.</stage>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.common"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <alternate>
    <elementRef key="castItem"/>
    <elementRef key="castGroup"/>
   </alternate>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.common"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element castList
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      ( model.divTop | model.global )*,
      ( ( model.common, model.global* )* ),
      ( ( ( castItem | castGroup ), model.global* )+ ),
      ( ( model.common, model.global* )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <castList> (cast list)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <castList> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <castList> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <castList>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <p>The action of the play is set in Chicago's
     Southside, sometime between World War II and the
     present.</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<front>
 <prologue>
  <head>Prologue, spoken by <name>Mr. Hart</name>
  </head>
  <l>Poets like Cudgel'd Bullys, never do</l>
  <l>At first, or second blow, submit to you;</l>
  <l>But will provoke you still, and ne're have done,</l>
  <l>Till you are weary first, with laying on:</l>
  <l>We patiently you see, give up to you,</l>
  <l>Our Poets, Virgins, nay our Matrons too.</l>
 </prologue>
 <castList>
  <head>The Persons</head>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <head>The SCENE</head>
  <p>London</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Gateway Theatre, Edinburgh</rs>, <date>6 September 1948</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Anath Bithiah</role>
    <actor>Athene Seyler</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Shendi</role>
    <actor>Robert Rietty</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Directed by <name>E. Martin Browne</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Théâtre national du Petit-Odéon, Paris</rs>, <date>du 10 Décembre 1974
     au 12 Janvier 1975</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Paul Valéry</role>
    <actor>Michel Duchaussoy</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Joseph</role>
    <actor>Gérad Caillaud</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>M. Teste</role>
    <actor>Pierre Dux</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Mme Teste</role>
    <actor>Claude Winter</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>L'abbé Mosson</role>
    <actor>Jacques Toja</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Adaptation et mise en scène de <name>Pierre Franck</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Distribution <rs type="place">Comédie des Champs-Elysées, Paris,</rs>
  <date>1923</date>(par ordre d'entrée en scène) <castList>
   <castItem>Knock : Louis Jouvet</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">新竹市文化局演藝廳</rs>, <date>2008年3月14日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉福春</role>
    <actor>陳忠義</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉麗月</role>
    <actor>陳慧如</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>監製： <name>李永得</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>首演假<rs type="place">台北國家劇院</rs>於 <date>2007年10月12日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>劉麗君: 徐堰鈴飾</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Cast of the original production at the <rs type="place">Savoy Theatre, London,</rs> on
 <date>September 24, 1907</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>Colonel Hope : Mr A.E.George</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<performance>
 <p>The first performance in Great Britain of <title>Waiting for
     Godot</title> was given at the Arts Theatre, London, on
 <date when="1955-08-03">3rd August 1955</date>. It was directed by
 <name>Peter Hall</name>, and the décor was by <name>Peter
     Snow</name>. The cast was as follows:</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>Estragon: Peter Woodthorpe</castItem>
  <castItem>Vladimir: Paul Daneman</castItem>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">The action takes place in and around the home surgery of
Dr Bero, lately returned from the wars.</stage>

<castList>

<div n="1">
 <head>T.N.P. 1963</head>
 <note place="foot" n="1">A la création au Festivai d'Avignon en juillet 1962, la
   distribution était légèrement différente : dans l'ordre ci-dessus : Hécube (Annie
   Monnier) ; Iris (Paule Noël) ; Hector (Daniel lvernel) ; Pâris (Jean-Louis Trintignant)
   ; Troïus (Bernard Laïk).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>MARIA MAUBAN </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE MINAZZOLLI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>ALINE BERTRAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>JUDITH MAGRE ANNE</castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>NOELLE VINCENT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CLAUDINE MAUGEY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>PIERRE VANECK</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>JEAN VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor> PASCAL MAZZOTTI </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>JEAN-FRANÇOIS REMY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>ROBERT ETCHEVERRY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARIO PILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>GEORGES GERET</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE AVRON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>MICHEL GONZALES</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>MAURICE COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>GEORGES RIQUIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN MONDAIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Bernard Laïk</actor>, <actor>Jean-Pierre Maurin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Christiane Oscar</actor>, <actor>Noëlle Vincent.</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Notables</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Daniel Ehrrnann</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Wawer</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Klein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean Dufau</actor>, <actor>Alain Deny</actor>, <actor>Jean-Jacques Leconte</actor>
    <actor>Richard Rein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
 </castList>
</div>
<div n="2">
 <head>Théâtre de la Ville 1971</head>
 <note place="foot" n="2">La pièce a été reprise au Théâtre de la Ville le 22 janvier 1971
   dans une nouvelle mise en scène de Jean Mercure, musique de Marc Wilkinson, scénographie
   et costumes Yannis Kokkos. Elle a été ensuite donnée à partir du 12 juillet dans le
   cadre du 25e Festival d'Avignon, et continuera sa carrière au Théâtre de la Ville à
   partir du 5 novembre 1971 (avec quelques modifications de distribution).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>FRANCINE BERGE </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>ANNIE DUPEREY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>LOUISE CONTE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>
   <actor>ANNE DOAT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>JANDELINE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>ISA MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE SELLAM </actor> ou<actor> VANINA VINITZKY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>JOSE-MARIA FLOTATS</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>MICHEL DE RE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor>MAURICE CHEVIT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>ANDRE VALTIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE MAURIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARCO-PERRIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>LAFLEUR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>BERNARD VERON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>ANGELO BARDI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE NORMAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>JEAN MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN-MARIE BON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>EUGENE BERTHIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
         Augier</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jacques Gaffuri</actor>, <actor>Georges Joannon</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castItem>
   <role>Suivant de Busiris</role>
   <actor>Charles Capezzali</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Un marin</role>
   <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</div>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊延輝</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>少年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>李少春</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>周信芳</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>譚富英</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>老年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>馬連良</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>鐵鏡公主</role>
  <roleDesc>遼國公主，嫁楊延輝為妻</roleDesc>
  <actor>梅蘭芳</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊家兄弟</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊延昭</role>
   <actor>馬盛龍</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊宗保</role>
   <actor>姜妙香</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>蕭太后</role>
  <roleDesc>遼景宗耶律賢的皇后</roleDesc>
  <actor>芙蓉草</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>四夫人</role>
  <actor>高玉倩</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>佘太君</role>
  <roleDesc>楊延輝的母親</roleDesc>
  <actor>馬富祿</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">場景交換於遼國廷內與飛虎峽宋營之間。</stage>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menae">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="penic">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#penic">
 <speaker>Peniculus</speaker>
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="hh">Henry Higgins</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#hh">
 <speaker>The Notetaker</speaker>
 <p> ... </p>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menaechmus">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="peniculus">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#peniculus">
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="nan">Nano</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="cas">Castrone</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage>Nano and Castrone sing</stage>
<sp who="#nan #cas">
 <l>Fools, they are the only nation</l>
 <l>Worth men's envy or admiration</l>
</sp>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="bella">Bellafront</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bella" type="enter"/>
Enter Bellafront mad.
</stage>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="lm">Lady Macbeth</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="g1">First Gentleman</role>
 </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
</castList>
<sp who="#g1">
 <speaker>Gent.</speaker>
 <p>Neither to you, nor any one; having no witness
   to confirm my speech. <move who="#lm" type="enter" where="C"/>
   Lo you! here she comes. This is her very guise; and,
   upon my life, fast asleep.</p>
</sp>

<move>

<performance xml:id="perf1">
 <p>First performance</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="bellaf">Bellafront</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bellaf" type="enter" where="L"
  perf="#perf1"/> Enter
Bellafront mad.
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="fr_perf1">
 <p>Première apparition</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="fr_clar">Clarence</role>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#fr_clar" type="enter"
  perf="#perf1"/>(Entre Clarence,
entouré de gardes).
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="zh-tw_perf1">
 <p>第一場戲</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="zh-tw_bellaf">楊四郎</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- 其他角色 -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#zh-tw_bellaf" type="enter"
  where="L" perf="#perf1"/>
進場：楊四郎，鬱悶思鄉。
</stage>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<castGroup>

<castGroup> (cast list grouping) groups one or more individual castItem elements within a cast list. [7.1.4. Cast Lists]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

drama: castGroup castList

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb ellipsis gap gb head index lb milestone note noteGrp pb

drama: castGroup castItem roleDesc

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

The rend attribute may be used, as here, to indicate whether the grouping is indicated by a brace, whitespace, font change, etc.

Note that in this example the role description ‘friends of Mathias’ is understood to apply to both roles equally.

Example

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <alternate>
    <elementRef key="castItem"/>
    <elementRef key="castGroup"/>
    <elementRef key="roleDesc"/>
   </alternate>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <elementRef key="trailer"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element castGroup
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      ( model.global | model.headLike )*,
      ( ( ( castItem | castGroup | roleDesc ), model.global* )+ ),
      ( ( trailer, model.global* )? )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <castGroup> (cast list grouping)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <castGroup> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <castGroup> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <head>friends of Mathias</head>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">The action takes place in and around the home surgery of
Dr Bero, lately returned from the wars.</stage>

<castList>

<div n="1">
 <head>T.N.P. 1963</head>
 <note place="foot" n="1">A la création au Festivai d'Avignon en juillet 1962, la
   distribution était légèrement différente : dans l'ordre ci-dessus : Hécube (Annie
   Monnier) ; Iris (Paule Noël) ; Hector (Daniel lvernel) ; Pâris (Jean-Louis Trintignant)
   ; Troïus (Bernard Laïk).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>MARIA MAUBAN </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE MINAZZOLLI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>ALINE BERTRAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>JUDITH MAGRE ANNE</castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>NOELLE VINCENT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CLAUDINE MAUGEY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>PIERRE VANECK</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>JEAN VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor> PASCAL MAZZOTTI </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>JEAN-FRANÇOIS REMY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>ROBERT ETCHEVERRY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARIO PILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>GEORGES GERET</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE AVRON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>MICHEL GONZALES</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>MAURICE COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>GEORGES RIQUIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN MONDAIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Bernard Laïk</actor>, <actor>Jean-Pierre Maurin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Christiane Oscar</actor>, <actor>Noëlle Vincent.</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Notables</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Daniel Ehrrnann</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Wawer</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Klein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean Dufau</actor>, <actor>Alain Deny</actor>, <actor>Jean-Jacques Leconte</actor>
    <actor>Richard Rein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
 </castList>
</div>
<div n="2">
 <head>Théâtre de la Ville 1971</head>
 <note place="foot" n="2">La pièce a été reprise au Théâtre de la Ville le 22 janvier 1971
   dans une nouvelle mise en scène de Jean Mercure, musique de Marc Wilkinson, scénographie
   et costumes Yannis Kokkos. Elle a été ensuite donnée à partir du 12 juillet dans le
   cadre du 25e Festival d'Avignon, et continuera sa carrière au Théâtre de la Ville à
   partir du 5 novembre 1971 (avec quelques modifications de distribution).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>FRANCINE BERGE </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>ANNIE DUPEREY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>LOUISE CONTE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>
   <actor>ANNE DOAT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>JANDELINE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>ISA MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE SELLAM </actor> ou<actor> VANINA VINITZKY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>JOSE-MARIA FLOTATS</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>MICHEL DE RE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor>MAURICE CHEVIT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>ANDRE VALTIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE MAURIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARCO-PERRIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>LAFLEUR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>BERNARD VERON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>ANGELO BARDI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE NORMAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>JEAN MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN-MARIE BON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>EUGENE BERTHIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
         Augier</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jacques Gaffuri</actor>, <actor>Georges Joannon</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castItem>
   <role>Suivant de Busiris</role>
   <actor>Charles Capezzali</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Un marin</role>
   <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</div>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊延輝</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>少年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>李少春</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>周信芳</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>譚富英</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>老年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>馬連良</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>鐵鏡公主</role>
  <roleDesc>遼國公主，嫁楊延輝為妻</roleDesc>
  <actor>梅蘭芳</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊家兄弟</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊延昭</role>
   <actor>馬盛龍</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊宗保</role>
   <actor>姜妙香</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>蕭太后</role>
  <roleDesc>遼景宗耶律賢的皇后</roleDesc>
  <actor>芙蓉草</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>四夫人</role>
  <actor>高玉倩</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>佘太君</role>
  <roleDesc>楊延輝的母親</roleDesc>
  <actor>馬富祿</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">場景交換於遼國廷內與飛虎峽宋營之間。</stage>

<castGroup>

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

<castGroup>

<castGroup>
 <head>Messagers</head>
 <castItem>
  <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
</castGroup>
<castGroup>
 <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
 <castItem>
  <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
     Augier</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

<castGroup>

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>程蝶衣</role>
  <actor>張國榮</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>菊仙</role>
  <actor>鞏俐</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>原是妓女，後嫁段小樓為妻</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<castItem>

<castItem> (cast list item) contains a single entry within a cast list, describing either a single role or a list of non-speaking roles. [7.1.4. Cast Lists]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
characterizes the cast item.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

role

the item describes a single role. [Default]

list

the item describes a list of non-speaking roles.

Contained by

drama: castGroup castList

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: actor role roleDesc

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<castItem>
 <role>Player</role>
 <actor>Mr Milward</actor>
</castItem>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<castItem type="list">Constables, Drawer, Turnkey, etc.</castItem>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.castItemPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element castItem
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { "role" | "list" }?,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.castItemPart | model.phrase | model.global )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <castItem> (cast list item)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <castItem> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <castItem> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

7. Performance Texts

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.ascribed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Barnardo">Bernardo</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Francisco">Francisco</role>
 <roleDesc>a soldier</roleDesc>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#Barnardo">
 <speaker>Bernardo</speaker>
 <l n="1">Who's there?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#Francisco">
 <speaker>Francisco</speaker>
 <l n="2">Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself.</l>
</sp>

att.ascribed.directed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="emil">Emilius.</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="lov">Lovisa</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="serv">A servant</role>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#emil" toWhom="#lov">
 <speaker>Emil.</speaker>
 <l n="1">My love!</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#lov" toWhom="#emil">
 <speaker>Lov.</speaker>
 <l n="2">I have no Witness of my Noble Birth</l>
 <stage who="emil" toWhom="#serv">Pointing to her Woman.</stage>
 <l>But that poor helpless wretch——</l>
</sp>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <castList>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <p>The action of the play is set in Chicago's
     Southside, sometime between World War II and the
     present.</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.1. The Set Element

<front>
 <titlePage type="half-title">
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart>Peer Gynt</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
 </titlePage>
 <div type="copyright_page"/>
 <div type="Contents"/>
 <div type="Introduction"/>
 <div type="note">
  <head>Note on the Translation</head>
  <p> ... </p>
 </div>
 <div type="Dramatis_Personae">
  <head>Characters</head>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
<!-- ... -->
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </div>
 <set>
  <p>The action, which opens in the beginning of the nineteenth
     century, and ends around the 1860s, takes place partly in
     Gudbrandsdalen, and on the mountains around it, partly on the coast
     of Morocco, in the desert of Sahara, in a madhouse at Cairo, at sea,
     etc.</p>
 </set>
 <performance>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </performance>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<front>
 <prologue>
  <head>Prologue, spoken by <name>Mr. Hart</name>
  </head>
  <l>Poets like Cudgel'd Bullys, never do</l>
  <l>At first, or second blow, submit to you;</l>
  <l>But will provoke you still, and ne're have done,</l>
  <l>Till you are weary first, with laying on:</l>
  <l>We patiently you see, give up to you,</l>
  <l>Our Poets, Virgins, nay our Matrons too.</l>
 </prologue>
 <castList>
  <head>The Persons</head>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
 <set>
  <head>The SCENE</head>
  <p>London</p>
 </set>
</front>

7.1.2. Prologues and Epilogues

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 type="scene">
   <sp>
    <l part="Y">I'le deliver all,</l>
    <l>And promise you calme Seas, auspicious gales,</l>
    <l>Be free and fare thou well: please you, draw neere.</l>
    <stage>Exeunt omnes.</stage>
   </sp>
  </div1>
 </body>
 <back>
  <epilogue>
   <head>Epilogue, spoken by Prospero.</head>
   <sp>
    <l>Now my Charmes are all ore-throwne,</l>
    <l>And what strength I have's mine owne</l>
    <l>As you from crimes would pardon'd be,</l>
    <l>Let your Indulgence set me free.</l>
   </sp>
   <stage>Exit</stage>
  </epilogue>
  <set>
   <p>The Scene, an un-inhabited Island.</p>
  </set>
  <castList>
   <head>Names of the Actors.</head>
   <castItem>Alonso, K. of Naples</castItem>
   <castItem>Sebastian, his Brother.</castItem>
   <castItem>Prospero, the right Duke of Millaine.</castItem>
  </castList>
  <trailer>FINIS</trailer>
 </back>
</text>

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Gateway Theatre, Edinburgh</rs>, <date>6 September 1948</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Anath Bithiah</role>
    <actor>Athene Seyler</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Shendi</role>
    <actor>Robert Rietty</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Directed by <name>E. Martin Browne</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Théâtre national du Petit-Odéon, Paris</rs>, <date>du 10 Décembre 1974
     au 12 Janvier 1975</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Paul Valéry</role>
    <actor>Michel Duchaussoy</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Joseph</role>
    <actor>Gérad Caillaud</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>M. Teste</role>
    <actor>Pierre Dux</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Mme Teste</role>
    <actor>Claude Winter</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>L'abbé Mosson</role>
    <actor>Jacques Toja</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Adaptation et mise en scène de <name>Pierre Franck</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Distribution <rs type="place">Comédie des Champs-Elysées, Paris,</rs>
  <date>1923</date>(par ordre d'entrée en scène) <castList>
   <castItem>Knock : Louis Jouvet</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">新竹市文化局演藝廳</rs>, <date>2008年3月14日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉福春</role>
    <actor>陳忠義</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉麗月</role>
    <actor>陳慧如</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>監製： <name>李永得</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>首演假<rs type="place">台北國家劇院</rs>於 <date>2007年10月12日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>劉麗君: 徐堰鈴飾</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>Cast of the original production at the <rs type="place">Savoy Theatre, London,</rs> on
 <date>September 24, 1907</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>Colonel Hope : Mr A.E.George</castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<performance>
 <p>The first performance in Great Britain of <title>Waiting for
     Godot</title> was given at the Arts Theatre, London, on
 <date when="1955-08-03">3rd August 1955</date>. It was directed by
 <name>Peter Hall</name>, and the décor was by <name>Peter
     Snow</name>. The cast was as follows:</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>Estragon: Peter Woodthorpe</castItem>
  <castItem>Vladimir: Paul Daneman</castItem>
  <castItem> ... </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem>
 <role xml:id="vlad">Vladimir</role>:
<actor>Paul Daneman</actor>
</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem>
 <role>Tom Thumb the Great</role>
 <roleDesc>a little hero with a great soul, something violent in his
   temper, which is a little abated by his love for Huncamunca</roleDesc>
 <actor>Young Verhuyk</actor>
</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem>
 <roleDesc>Costermonger</roleDesc>
</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem type="list">Constables, Drawer, Turnkey, etc.</castItem>
<castItem type="list">
 <roleDesc>Constables,</roleDesc>
 <roleDesc>Drawer,</roleDesc>
 <roleDesc>Turnkey,</roleDesc>
etc.

</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <head>friends of Mathias</head>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">The action takes place in and around the home surgery of
Dr Bero, lately returned from the wars.</stage>

<castList>

<div n="1">
 <head>T.N.P. 1963</head>
 <note place="foot" n="1">A la création au Festivai d'Avignon en juillet 1962, la
   distribution était légèrement différente : dans l'ordre ci-dessus : Hécube (Annie
   Monnier) ; Iris (Paule Noël) ; Hector (Daniel lvernel) ; Pâris (Jean-Louis Trintignant)
   ; Troïus (Bernard Laïk).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>MARIA MAUBAN </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE MINAZZOLLI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>ALINE BERTRAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>JUDITH MAGRE ANNE</castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>NOELLE VINCENT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CLAUDINE MAUGEY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>PIERRE VANECK</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>JEAN VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor> PASCAL MAZZOTTI </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>JEAN-FRANÇOIS REMY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>ROBERT ETCHEVERRY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARIO PILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>GEORGES GERET</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE AVRON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>MICHEL GONZALES</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>MAURICE COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>GEORGES RIQUIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN MONDAIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Bernard Laïk</actor>, <actor>Jean-Pierre Maurin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Christiane Oscar</actor>, <actor>Noëlle Vincent.</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Notables</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Daniel Ehrrnann</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Wawer</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Klein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean Dufau</actor>, <actor>Alain Deny</actor>, <actor>Jean-Jacques Leconte</actor>
    <actor>Richard Rein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
 </castList>
</div>
<div n="2">
 <head>Théâtre de la Ville 1971</head>
 <note place="foot" n="2">La pièce a été reprise au Théâtre de la Ville le 22 janvier 1971
   dans une nouvelle mise en scène de Jean Mercure, musique de Marc Wilkinson, scénographie
   et costumes Yannis Kokkos. Elle a été ensuite donnée à partir du 12 juillet dans le
   cadre du 25e Festival d'Avignon, et continuera sa carrière au Théâtre de la Ville à
   partir du 5 novembre 1971 (avec quelques modifications de distribution).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>FRANCINE BERGE </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>ANNIE DUPEREY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>LOUISE CONTE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>
   <actor>ANNE DOAT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>JANDELINE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>ISA MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE SELLAM </actor> ou<actor> VANINA VINITZKY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>JOSE-MARIA FLOTATS</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>MICHEL DE RE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor>MAURICE CHEVIT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>ANDRE VALTIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE MAURIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARCO-PERRIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>LAFLEUR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>BERNARD VERON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>ANGELO BARDI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE NORMAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>JEAN MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN-MARIE BON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>EUGENE BERTHIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
         Augier</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jacques Gaffuri</actor>, <actor>Georges Joannon</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castItem>
   <role>Suivant de Busiris</role>
   <actor>Charles Capezzali</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Un marin</role>
   <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</div>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊延輝</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>少年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>李少春</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>周信芳</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>譚富英</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>老年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>馬連良</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>鐵鏡公主</role>
  <roleDesc>遼國公主，嫁楊延輝為妻</roleDesc>
  <actor>梅蘭芳</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊家兄弟</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊延昭</role>
   <actor>馬盛龍</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊宗保</role>
   <actor>姜妙香</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>蕭太后</role>
  <roleDesc>遼景宗耶律賢的皇后</roleDesc>
  <actor>芙蓉草</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>四夫人</role>
  <actor>高玉倩</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>佘太君</role>
  <roleDesc>楊延輝的母親</roleDesc>
  <actor>馬富祿</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">場景交換於遼國廷內與飛虎峽宋營之間。</stage>

<castGroup>

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

<castGroup>

<castGroup>
 <head>Messagers</head>
 <castItem>
  <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
</castGroup>
<castGroup>
 <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
 <castItem>
  <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
     Augier</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

<castGroup>

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>程蝶衣</role>
  <actor>張國榮</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>菊仙</role>
  <actor>鞏俐</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>原是妓女，後嫁段小樓為妻</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

<castItem>

<castItem>
 <role>Player</role>
 <actor>Mr Milward</actor>
</castItem>

<castItem>

<castItem>
 <role>Un marin</role>
 <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
</castItem>

<castItem>

<castItem type="list">Agent de police, dessinateur, serrurier, etc.</castItem>

<castItem>

<castItem>
 <role>段小樓</role>
 <actor>張豐毅</actor>
</castItem>

<castItem>

<castItem type="list">張國榮、張豐毅、鞏俐…等等</castItem>

<castItem>

<castItem type="list">Constables, Drawer, Turnkey, etc.</castItem>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>Mathias</role>
 <roleDesc>the Burgomaster</roleDesc>
 <actor ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Irving">Mr. Henry Irving</actor>
</castItem>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>Mrs Saunders</role>
 <roleDesc>la logeuse</roleDesc>
 <actor>Sylvia Marriott</actor>
</castItem>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>梁山伯</role>
 <roleDesc>窮書生</roleDesc>
 <actor>凌波</actor>
</castItem>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menae">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="penic">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#penic">
 <speaker>Peniculus</speaker>
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="hh">Henry Higgins</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#hh">
 <speaker>The Notetaker</speaker>
 <p> ... </p>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menaechmus">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="peniculus">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#peniculus">
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="nan">Nano</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="cas">Castrone</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage>Nano and Castrone sing</stage>
<sp who="#nan #cas">
 <l>Fools, they are the only nation</l>
 <l>Worth men's envy or admiration</l>
</sp>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="bella">Bellafront</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bella" type="enter"/>
Enter Bellafront mad.
</stage>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="lm">Lady Macbeth</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="g1">First Gentleman</role>
 </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
</castList>
<sp who="#g1">
 <speaker>Gent.</speaker>
 <p>Neither to you, nor any one; having no witness
   to confirm my speech. <move who="#lm" type="enter" where="C"/>
   Lo you! here she comes. This is her very guise; and,
   upon my life, fast asleep.</p>
</sp>

<move>

<performance xml:id="perf1">
 <p>First performance</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="bellaf">Bellafront</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bellaf" type="enter" where="L"
  perf="#perf1"/> Enter
Bellafront mad.
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="fr_perf1">
 <p>Première apparition</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="fr_clar">Clarence</role>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#fr_clar" type="enter"
  perf="#perf1"/>(Entre Clarence,
entouré de gardes).
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="zh-tw_perf1">
 <p>第一場戲</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="zh-tw_bellaf">楊四郎</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- 其他角色 -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#zh-tw_bellaf" type="enter"
  where="L" perf="#perf1"/>
進場：楊四郎，鬱悶思鄉。
</stage>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<role>

<role> (role) contains the name of a dramatic role, as given in a cast list. [7.1.4. Cast Lists]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

gender gender⚓︎
specifies the gender of the role.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.gender separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

Member of

model.castItemPart

Contained by

drama: castItem

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

It is important to assign a meaningful ID attribute to the role element, since this ID is referred to by who attributes on many other elements.

Example

<role xml:id="jt">Joan Trash</role>
<roleDesc>A Ginger-bread-woman</roleDesc>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element role
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute gender { list { teidata.gender+ } }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <role> (role)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <role> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <role> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

7. Performance Texts

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.ascribed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Barnardo">Bernardo</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Francisco">Francisco</role>
 <roleDesc>a soldier</roleDesc>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#Barnardo">
 <speaker>Bernardo</speaker>
 <l n="1">Who's there?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#Francisco">
 <speaker>Francisco</speaker>
 <l n="2">Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself.</l>
</sp>

att.ascribed.directed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="emil">Emilius.</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="lov">Lovisa</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="serv">A servant</role>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#emil" toWhom="#lov">
 <speaker>Emil.</speaker>
 <l n="1">My love!</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#lov" toWhom="#emil">
 <speaker>Lov.</speaker>
 <l n="2">I have no Witness of my Noble Birth</l>
 <stage who="emil" toWhom="#serv">Pointing to her Woman.</stage>
 <l>But that poor helpless wretch——</l>
</sp>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Gateway Theatre, Edinburgh</rs>, <date>6 September 1948</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Anath Bithiah</role>
    <actor>Athene Seyler</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Shendi</role>
    <actor>Robert Rietty</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Directed by <name>E. Martin Browne</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Théâtre national du Petit-Odéon, Paris</rs>, <date>du 10 Décembre 1974
     au 12 Janvier 1975</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Paul Valéry</role>
    <actor>Michel Duchaussoy</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Joseph</role>
    <actor>Gérad Caillaud</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>M. Teste</role>
    <actor>Pierre Dux</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Mme Teste</role>
    <actor>Claude Winter</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>L'abbé Mosson</role>
    <actor>Jacques Toja</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Adaptation et mise en scène de <name>Pierre Franck</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">新竹市文化局演藝廳</rs>, <date>2008年3月14日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉福春</role>
    <actor>陳忠義</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉麗月</role>
    <actor>陳慧如</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>監製： <name>李永得</name>
 </p>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem>
 <role xml:id="vlad">Vladimir</role>:
<actor>Paul Daneman</actor>
</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem>
 <role>Tom Thumb the Great</role>
 <roleDesc>a little hero with a great soul, something violent in his
   temper, which is a little abated by his love for Huncamunca</roleDesc>
 <actor>Young Verhuyk</actor>
</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <head>friends of Mathias</head>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">The action takes place in and around the home surgery of
Dr Bero, lately returned from the wars.</stage>

<castList>

<div n="1">
 <head>T.N.P. 1963</head>
 <note place="foot" n="1">A la création au Festivai d'Avignon en juillet 1962, la
   distribution était légèrement différente : dans l'ordre ci-dessus : Hécube (Annie
   Monnier) ; Iris (Paule Noël) ; Hector (Daniel lvernel) ; Pâris (Jean-Louis Trintignant)
   ; Troïus (Bernard Laïk).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>MARIA MAUBAN </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE MINAZZOLLI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>ALINE BERTRAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>JUDITH MAGRE ANNE</castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>NOELLE VINCENT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CLAUDINE MAUGEY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>PIERRE VANECK</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>JEAN VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor> PASCAL MAZZOTTI </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>JEAN-FRANÇOIS REMY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>ROBERT ETCHEVERRY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARIO PILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>GEORGES GERET</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE AVRON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>MICHEL GONZALES</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>MAURICE COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>GEORGES RIQUIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN MONDAIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Bernard Laïk</actor>, <actor>Jean-Pierre Maurin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Christiane Oscar</actor>, <actor>Noëlle Vincent.</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Notables</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Daniel Ehrrnann</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Wawer</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Klein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean Dufau</actor>, <actor>Alain Deny</actor>, <actor>Jean-Jacques Leconte</actor>
    <actor>Richard Rein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
 </castList>
</div>
<div n="2">
 <head>Théâtre de la Ville 1971</head>
 <note place="foot" n="2">La pièce a été reprise au Théâtre de la Ville le 22 janvier 1971
   dans une nouvelle mise en scène de Jean Mercure, musique de Marc Wilkinson, scénographie
   et costumes Yannis Kokkos. Elle a été ensuite donnée à partir du 12 juillet dans le
   cadre du 25e Festival d'Avignon, et continuera sa carrière au Théâtre de la Ville à
   partir du 5 novembre 1971 (avec quelques modifications de distribution).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>FRANCINE BERGE </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>ANNIE DUPEREY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>LOUISE CONTE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>
   <actor>ANNE DOAT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>JANDELINE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>ISA MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE SELLAM </actor> ou<actor> VANINA VINITZKY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>JOSE-MARIA FLOTATS</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>MICHEL DE RE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor>MAURICE CHEVIT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>ANDRE VALTIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE MAURIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARCO-PERRIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>LAFLEUR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>BERNARD VERON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>ANGELO BARDI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE NORMAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>JEAN MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN-MARIE BON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>EUGENE BERTHIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
         Augier</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jacques Gaffuri</actor>, <actor>Georges Joannon</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castItem>
   <role>Suivant de Busiris</role>
   <actor>Charles Capezzali</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Un marin</role>
   <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</div>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊延輝</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>少年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>李少春</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>周信芳</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>譚富英</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>老年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>馬連良</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>鐵鏡公主</role>
  <roleDesc>遼國公主，嫁楊延輝為妻</roleDesc>
  <actor>梅蘭芳</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊家兄弟</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊延昭</role>
   <actor>馬盛龍</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊宗保</role>
   <actor>姜妙香</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>蕭太后</role>
  <roleDesc>遼景宗耶律賢的皇后</roleDesc>
  <actor>芙蓉草</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>四夫人</role>
  <actor>高玉倩</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>佘太君</role>
  <roleDesc>楊延輝的母親</roleDesc>
  <actor>馬富祿</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">場景交換於遼國廷內與飛虎峽宋營之間。</stage>

<castGroup>

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

<castGroup>

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>程蝶衣</role>
  <actor>張國榮</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>菊仙</role>
  <actor>鞏俐</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>原是妓女，後嫁段小樓為妻</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

<castItem>

<castItem>
 <role>Player</role>
 <actor>Mr Milward</actor>
</castItem>

<castItem>

<castItem>
 <role>Un marin</role>
 <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
</castItem>

<castItem>

<castItem>
 <role>段小樓</role>
 <actor>張豐毅</actor>
</castItem>

<role>

<role xml:id="jt">Joan Trash</role>
<roleDesc>A Ginger-bread-woman</roleDesc>

<role>

<role xml:id="fr_pr">Le professeur Rubeck</role>
<roleDesc>sculpteur</roleDesc>

<role>

<role xml:id="zh-tw_王">鄧肯</role>
<roleDesc>蘇格蘭國王</roleDesc>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>Mathias</role>
 <roleDesc>the Burgomaster</roleDesc>
 <actor ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Irving">Mr. Henry Irving</actor>
</castItem>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>Mrs Saunders</role>
 <roleDesc>la logeuse</roleDesc>
 <actor>Sylvia Marriott</actor>
</castItem>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>梁山伯</role>
 <roleDesc>窮書生</roleDesc>
 <actor>凌波</actor>
</castItem>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menae">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="penic">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#penic">
 <speaker>Peniculus</speaker>
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menae">
 <speaker>Menaechmus</speaker>
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="hh">Henry Higgins</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#hh">
 <speaker>The Notetaker</speaker>
 <p> ... </p>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="menaechmus">Menaechmus</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="peniculus">Peniculus</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Responde, adulescens, quaeso, quid nomen tibist?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#peniculus">
 <l>Etiam derides, quasi nomen non noveris?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#menaechmus">
 <l>Non edepol ego te, quot sciam, umquam ante hunc diem</l>
 <l>Vidi neque novi; ...</l>
</sp>

7.2.2. Speeches and Speakers

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="nan">Nano</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="cas">Castrone</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage>Nano and Castrone sing</stage>
<sp who="#nan #cas">
 <l>Fools, they are the only nation</l>
 <l>Worth men's envy or admiration</l>
</sp>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="bella">Bellafront</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bella" type="enter"/>
Enter Bellafront mad.
</stage>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="lm">Lady Macbeth</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="g1">First Gentleman</role>
 </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
</castList>
<sp who="#g1">
 <speaker>Gent.</speaker>
 <p>Neither to you, nor any one; having no witness
   to confirm my speech. <move who="#lm" type="enter" where="C"/>
   Lo you! here she comes. This is her very guise; and,
   upon my life, fast asleep.</p>
</sp>

<move>

<performance xml:id="perf1">
 <p>First performance</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="bellaf">Bellafront</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bellaf" type="enter" where="L"
  perf="#perf1"/> Enter
Bellafront mad.
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="fr_perf1">
 <p>Première apparition</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="fr_clar">Clarence</role>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#fr_clar" type="enter"
  perf="#perf1"/>(Entre Clarence,
entouré de gardes).
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="zh-tw_perf1">
 <p>第一場戲</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="zh-tw_bellaf">楊四郎</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- 其他角色 -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#zh-tw_bellaf" type="enter"
  where="L" perf="#perf1"/>
進場：楊四郎，鬱悶思鄉。
</stage>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<roleDesc>

<roleDesc> (role description) describes a character's role in a drama. [7.1.4. Cast Lists]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.castItemPart

Contained by

drama: castGroup castItem

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<roleDesc>gentlemen of leisure</roleDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element roleDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <roleDesc> (role description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <roleDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <roleDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

7. Performance Texts

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.ascribed

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Barnardo">Bernardo</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Francisco">Francisco</role>
 <roleDesc>a soldier</roleDesc>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#Barnardo">
 <speaker>Bernardo</speaker>
 <l n="1">Who's there?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#Francisco">
 <speaker>Francisco</speaker>
 <l n="2">Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself.</l>
</sp>

7. Performance Texts

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem>
 <role>Tom Thumb the Great</role>
 <roleDesc>a little hero with a great soul, something violent in his
   temper, which is a little abated by his love for Huncamunca</roleDesc>
 <actor>Young Verhuyk</actor>
</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem>
 <roleDesc>Costermonger</roleDesc>
</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem type="list">Constables, Drawer, Turnkey, etc.</castItem>
<castItem type="list">
 <roleDesc>Constables,</roleDesc>
 <roleDesc>Drawer,</roleDesc>
 <roleDesc>Turnkey,</roleDesc>
etc.

</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">The action takes place in and around the home surgery of
Dr Bero, lately returned from the wars.</stage>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊延輝</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>少年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>李少春</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>周信芳</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>譚富英</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>老年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>馬連良</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>鐵鏡公主</role>
  <roleDesc>遼國公主，嫁楊延輝為妻</roleDesc>
  <actor>梅蘭芳</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊家兄弟</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊延昭</role>
   <actor>馬盛龍</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊宗保</role>
   <actor>姜妙香</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>蕭太后</role>
  <roleDesc>遼景宗耶律賢的皇后</roleDesc>
  <actor>芙蓉草</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>四夫人</role>
  <actor>高玉倩</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>佘太君</role>
  <roleDesc>楊延輝的母親</roleDesc>
  <actor>馬富祿</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">場景交換於遼國廷內與飛虎峽宋營之間。</stage>

<castGroup>

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

<castGroup>

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>程蝶衣</role>
  <actor>張國榮</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>菊仙</role>
  <actor>鞏俐</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>原是妓女，後嫁段小樓為妻</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

<role>

<role xml:id="jt">Joan Trash</role>
<roleDesc>A Ginger-bread-woman</roleDesc>

<role>

<role xml:id="fr_pr">Le professeur Rubeck</role>
<roleDesc>sculpteur</roleDesc>

<role>

<role xml:id="zh-tw_王">鄧肯</role>
<roleDesc>蘇格蘭國王</roleDesc>

<roleDesc>

<roleDesc>gentlemen of leisure</roleDesc>

<roleDesc>

<roleDesc>valet de chasse</roleDesc>

<roleDesc>

<roleDesc>悠閒的紳士</roleDesc>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>Mathias</role>
 <roleDesc>the Burgomaster</roleDesc>
 <actor ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Irving">Mr. Henry Irving</actor>
</castItem>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>Mrs Saunders</role>
 <roleDesc>la logeuse</roleDesc>
 <actor>Sylvia Marriott</actor>
</castItem>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>梁山伯</role>
 <roleDesc>窮書生</roleDesc>
 <actor>凌波</actor>
</castItem>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<actor>

<actor> contains the name of an actor appearing within a cast list. [7.1.4. Cast Lists]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

sex sex⚓︎
specifies the sex of the actor.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.sex separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, or may refer to an external standard.

gender gender⚓︎
specifies the gender of the actor.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.gender separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

Member of

model.castItemPart

Contained by

drama: castItem

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

This element should be used only to mark the name of the actor as given in the source. Chapter 14. Names, Dates, People, and Places discusses ways of marking the components of names, and also of associating names with biographical information about a person.

Example

<castItem>
 <role>Mathias</role>
 <roleDesc>the Burgomaster</roleDesc>
 <actor ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Irving">Mr. Henry Irving</actor>
</castItem>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element actor
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   attribute sex { list { teidata.sex+ } }?,
   attribute gender { list { teidata.gender+ } }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <actor>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <actor> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <actor> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.1.3. Records of Performances

<performance>
 <head>Death of a Salesman</head>
 <p>A New Play by Arthur Miller</p>
 <p>Staged by Elia Kazan</p>
 <castList>
  <head>Cast</head>
  <note rend="small type flush left"
   place="inline">(in order of appearance)</note>
  <castItem>
   <role>Willy Loman</role>
   <actor>Lee J. Cobb</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Linda</role>
   <actor>Mildred Dunnock</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Biff</role>
   <actor>Arthur Kennedy</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Happy</role>
   <actor>Cameron Mitchell</actor>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
 <p>The setting and lighting were designed by
 <name>Jo Mielziner</name>.</p>
 <p>The incidental music was composed by <name>Alex North</name>.</p>
 <p>The costumes were designed by <name>Julia Sze</name>.</p>
 <p>Presented by <name rend="unmarked">Kermit Bloomgarden</name>
   and <name rend="unmarked">Walter Fried</name> at the
 <rs type="place">Morosco Theatre in New York</rs> on
 <date when="1949-02-10">February 10, 1949</date>.</p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Gateway Theatre, Edinburgh</rs>, <date>6 September 1948</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Anath Bithiah</role>
    <actor>Athene Seyler</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Shendi</role>
    <actor>Robert Rietty</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Directed by <name>E. Martin Browne</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">Théâtre national du Petit-Odéon, Paris</rs>, <date>du 10 Décembre 1974
     au 12 Janvier 1975</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>Paul Valéry</role>
    <actor>Michel Duchaussoy</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Joseph</role>
    <actor>Gérad Caillaud</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>M. Teste</role>
    <actor>Pierre Dux</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>Mme Teste</role>
    <actor>Claude Winter</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>L'abbé Mosson</role>
    <actor>Jacques Toja</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>Adaptation et mise en scène de <name>Pierre Franck</name>
 </p>
</performance>

<performance>

<performance>
 <p>
  <rs type="place">新竹市文化局演藝廳</rs>, <date>2008年3月14日</date>
  <castList>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉福春</role>
    <actor>陳忠義</actor>
   </castItem>
   <castItem>
    <role>劉麗月</role>
    <actor>陳慧如</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castList>
 </p>
 <p>監製： <name>李永得</name>
 </p>
</performance>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem>
 <role xml:id="vlad">Vladimir</role>:
<actor>Paul Daneman</actor>
</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<actor ref="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84002994/">Paul Daneman</actor>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castItem>
 <role>Tom Thumb the Great</role>
 <roleDesc>a little hero with a great soul, something violent in his
   temper, which is a little abated by his love for Huncamunca</roleDesc>
 <actor>Young Verhuyk</actor>
</castItem>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <head>friends of Mathias</head>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

7.1.4. Cast Lists

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Mendicants</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Aafaa</role>
   <actor>Femi Johnson</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Blindman</role>
   <actor>Femi Osofisan</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Goyi</role>
   <actor>Wale Ogunyemi</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Cripple</role>
   <actor>Tunji Oyelana</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Si Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Sister to Dr Bero</roleDesc>
  <actor>Deolo Adedoyin</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">Two old women</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Agba</role>
   <actor>Nguba Agolia</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iya Mate</role>
   <actor>Bopo George</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>Dr Bero</role>
  <roleDesc>Specialist</roleDesc>
  <actor>Nat Okoro</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Priest</role>
  <actor>Gbenga Sonuga</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>The old man</role>
  <roleDesc>Bero's father</roleDesc>
  <actor>Dapo Adelugba</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">The action takes place in and around the home surgery of
Dr Bero, lately returned from the wars.</stage>

<castList>

<div n="1">
 <head>T.N.P. 1963</head>
 <note place="foot" n="1">A la création au Festivai d'Avignon en juillet 1962, la
   distribution était légèrement différente : dans l'ordre ci-dessus : Hécube (Annie
   Monnier) ; Iris (Paule Noël) ; Hector (Daniel lvernel) ; Pâris (Jean-Louis Trintignant)
   ; Troïus (Bernard Laïk).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>MARIA MAUBAN </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE MINAZZOLLI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>ALINE BERTRAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>JUDITH MAGRE ANNE</castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>NOELLE VINCENT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CLAUDINE MAUGEY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>PIERRE VANECK</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>JEAN VILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor> PASCAL MAZZOTTI </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>JEAN-FRANÇOIS REMY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>ROBERT ETCHEVERRY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARIO PILAR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>GEORGES GERET</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE AVRON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>MICHEL GONZALES</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>MAURICE COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>GEORGES RIQUIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN MONDAIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>LUCIEN ARNAUD</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Bernard Laïk</actor>, <actor>Jean-Pierre Maurin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Christiane Oscar</actor>, <actor>Noëlle Vincent.</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Notables</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Daniel Ehrrnann</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Wawer</actor>
    <actor>Bernard Klein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean Dufau</actor>, <actor>Alain Deny</actor>, <actor>Jean-Jacques Leconte</actor>
    <actor>Richard Rein</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
 </castList>
</div>
<div n="2">
 <head>Théâtre de la Ville 1971</head>
 <note place="foot" n="2">La pièce a été reprise au Théâtre de la Ville le 22 janvier 1971
   dans une nouvelle mise en scène de Jean Mercure, musique de Marc Wilkinson, scénographie
   et costumes Yannis Kokkos. Elle a été ensuite donnée à partir du 12 juillet dans le
   cadre du 25e Festival d'Avignon, et continuera sa carrière au Théâtre de la Ville à
   partir du 5 novembre 1971 (avec quelques modifications de distribution).</note>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role>Andromaque</role>
   <actor>FRANCINE BERGE </actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hélène</role>
   <actor>ANNIE DUPEREY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hécube</role>
   <actor>LOUISE CONTE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role> Cassandre </role>
   <actor>ANNE DOAT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La Paix</role>
   <actor>JANDELINE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Iris </role>
   <actor>ISA MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>La petite Polyxène</role>
   <actor>CHRISTIANE SELLAM </actor> ou<actor> VANINA VINITZKY</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Hector</role>
   <actor>JOSE-MARIA FLOTATS</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Ulysse</role>
   <actor>MICHEL DE RE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Demokos</role>
   <actor>MAURICE CHEVIT</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Priam</role>
   <actor>ANDRE VALTIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Pâris</role>
   <actor>DOMINIQUE MAURIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Oiax</role>
   <actor>MARCO-PERRIN</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Gabier</role>
   <actor>LAFLEUR</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Le Géomètre</role>
   <actor>BERNARD VERON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Abnéos</role>
   <actor>ANGELO BARDI</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Troïlus</role>
   <actor>PHILIPPE NORMAND</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Olpidès</role>
   <actor>COUSSONNEAU</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Busiris</role>
   <actor>JEAN MERCURE</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Premier Vieillard</role>
   <actor>JEAN-MARIE BON</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Deuxième Vieillard</role>
   <actor>EUGENE BERTHIER</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Messagers</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
         Augier</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castGroup>
   <head>Gardes grecs</head>
   <castItem>
    <actor>Jacques Gaffuri</actor>, <actor>Georges Joannon</actor>
   </castItem>
  </castGroup>
  <castItem>
   <role>Suivant de Busiris</role>
   <actor>Charles Capezzali</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>Un marin</role>
   <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</div>

<castList>

<castList>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊延輝</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>少年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>李少春</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>周信芳</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>中年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>譚富英</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>老年楊延輝</role>
   <actor>馬連良</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>鐵鏡公主</role>
  <roleDesc>遼國公主，嫁楊延輝為妻</roleDesc>
  <actor>梅蘭芳</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castGroup>
  <head rend="braced">楊家兄弟</head>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊延昭</role>
   <actor>馬盛龍</actor>
  </castItem>
  <castItem>
   <role>楊宗保</role>
   <actor>姜妙香</actor>
  </castItem>
 </castGroup>
 <castItem>
  <role>蕭太后</role>
  <roleDesc>遼景宗耶律賢的皇后</roleDesc>
  <actor>芙蓉草</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>四夫人</role>
  <actor>高玉倩</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>佘太君</role>
  <roleDesc>楊延輝的母親</roleDesc>
  <actor>馬富祿</actor>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="mix">場景交換於遼國廷內與飛虎峽宋營之間。</stage>

<castGroup>

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>Walter</role>
  <actor>Mr Frank Hall</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>Hans</role>
  <actor>Mr F.W. Irish</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>friends of Mathias</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

<castGroup>

<castGroup>
 <head>Messagers</head>
 <castItem>
  <actor>Jean-Claude Islert</actor>, <actor>Michel Sausin</actor>.</castItem>
</castGroup>
<castGroup>
 <head>Servantes troyennes</head>
 <castItem>
  <actor>Dominique Jayr</actor>, <actor>Annie Seurat</actor>,<actor> Hélène
     Augier</actor>
 </castItem>
</castGroup>

<castGroup>

<castGroup rend="braced">
 <castItem>
  <role>程蝶衣</role>
  <actor>張國榮</actor>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role>菊仙</role>
  <actor>鞏俐</actor>
 </castItem>
 <roleDesc>原是妓女，後嫁段小樓為妻</roleDesc>
</castGroup>

<castItem>

<castItem>
 <role>Player</role>
 <actor>Mr Milward</actor>
</castItem>

<castItem>

<castItem>
 <role>Un marin</role>
 <actor>Henry Courseaux</actor>
</castItem>

<castItem>

<castItem>
 <role>段小樓</role>
 <actor>張豐毅</actor>
</castItem>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>Mathias</role>
 <roleDesc>the Burgomaster</roleDesc>
 <actor ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Irving">Mr. Henry Irving</actor>
</castItem>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>Mrs Saunders</role>
 <roleDesc>la logeuse</roleDesc>
 <actor>Sylvia Marriott</actor>
</castItem>

<actor>

<castItem>
 <role>梁山伯</role>
 <roleDesc>窮書生</roleDesc>
 <actor>凌波</actor>
</castItem>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<spGrp>

<spGrp> (speech group) contains a group of speeches or songs in a performance text presented in a source as constituting a single unit or ‘number’. [7.2.3. Grouped Speeches]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.divPart

Contained by

core: item note q quote said stage textLang

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

transcr: metamark

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb ellipsis gap gb head index lb milestone note noteGrp pb sp stage

drama: camera caption move sound tech view

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER:</speaker>
 <p> Herr Schultz! Can I believe what I see? <stage>(HERR SCHULTZ nods
     proudly)</stage> But this is — too much to accept. So rare — so costly —
   so luxurious. </p>
</sp>
<stage>(She sings)</stage>
<spGrp n="4">
 <sp>
  <l>If you bought me diamonds, If you bought me pearls,</l>
  <l>If you bought me roses like some other gents</l>
  <l>Might bring to other girls,</l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more</l>
  <l>Than the gift I see -</l>
  <stage>(She takes a large pineapple out of the bag)</stage>
  <l>A pineapple for me!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>SCHULTZ:</speaker>
  <stage>(Singing) </stage>
  <l>If, in your emotion, </l>
  <l>You began to sway, </l>
  <l>Went to get some air, </l>
  <l>Or grabbed a chair </l>
  <l>To keep from fainting dead away, </l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more </l>
  <l>Than to see you cling </l>
  <l>To the pineapple I bring.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>BOTH:</speaker>
  <l>Ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
 <stage>(They dance)</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER: </speaker>
 <p>But you must not bring me
   any more pineapples! Do you hear? It is not proper. It is a gift a
   young man would present to his lady love. It makes me blush!
 </p>
</sp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <elementRef key="sp"/>
   <classRef key="model.stageLike"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element spGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( model.headLike*, ( model.global | sp | model.stageLike )+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <spGrp> (speech group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <spGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <spGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

7. Performance Texts

7.2.3. Grouped Speeches

<spGrp type="number" n="3">
 <head>By Strauss : performed by Georges Guetary, Gene Kelly, and Oscar
   Levant</head>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>The waltzes of Mittel Europa </l>
   <l>They charm you and warm you within </l>
   <l>While each day discloses </l>
   <l>What Broadway composes </l>
   <l>Is emptiness pounding on tin.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp xml:lang="de">
  <speaker>JERRY MULLIGAN: ADAM COOK:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Mein Herr! </l>
   <l>Mein Herr!</l>
   <l>Bitte, bitte!</l>
   <l>Denke, danke!</l>
   <l>Aufwiedersehen! Aufwiedersehen!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>HENRI BAUREL:</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>How can I be civil </l>
   <l>When hearing this drivel? </l>
   <l>It's only for night-clubbing souses. </l>
   <l>Oh give me the free 'n easy </l>
   <l>Waltz that is Viennes-y </l>
   <l>And go tell the band</l>
   <l>If they want a hand</l>
   <l>The waltz must be Strauss's</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>ALL</speaker>
  <lg>
   <l>Ya ya ya </l>
   <l>Give me oom pah pah...</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

<spGrp>

<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER:</speaker>
 <p> Herr Schultz! Can I believe what I see? <stage>(HERR SCHULTZ nods
     proudly)</stage> But this is — too much to accept. So rare — so costly —
   so luxurious. </p>
</sp>
<stage>(She sings)</stage>
<spGrp n="4">
 <sp>
  <l>If you bought me diamonds, If you bought me pearls,</l>
  <l>If you bought me roses like some other gents</l>
  <l>Might bring to other girls,</l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more</l>
  <l>Than the gift I see -</l>
  <stage>(She takes a large pineapple out of the bag)</stage>
  <l>A pineapple for me!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>SCHULTZ:</speaker>
  <stage>(Singing) </stage>
  <l>If, in your emotion, </l>
  <l>You began to sway, </l>
  <l>Went to get some air, </l>
  <l>Or grabbed a chair </l>
  <l>To keep from fainting dead away, </l>
  <l>It couldn't please me more </l>
  <l>Than to see you cling </l>
  <l>To the pineapple I bring.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>BOTH:</speaker>
  <l>Ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ah</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
 <stage>(They dance)</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>FRAULEIN SCHNEIDER: </speaker>
 <p>But you must not bring me
   any more pineapples! Do you hear? It is not proper. It is a gift a
   young man would present to his lady love. It makes me blush!
 </p>
</sp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
  <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
  <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.5. Speech Contents

<spGrp>
 <head>Song — Sir Joseph</head>
 <sp>
  <lg part="I">
   <l>I am the monarch of the sea,</l>
   <l>The ruler of the Queen's Navee.</l>
   <l>Whose praise Great Britain loudly chants.</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Cousin Hebe</speaker>
  <lg part="M">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Rel.</speaker>
  <lg part="F">
   <l>And we are his sisters and his cousins and his aunts!</l>
  </lg>
 </sp>
<!-- ... -->
</spGrp>

7.2.7. Simultaneous Action

<sp>
 <speaker>Mangan</speaker>
 <stage type="delivery">wildly</stage>
 <p>Look here: I'm going to take off all my clothes.</p>
 <stage type="action">he begins tearing off his coat.</stage>
</sp>
<spGrp type="simultaneous" rend="braced">
 <sp>
  <speaker>Lady Utterword</speaker>
  <p>Mr Mangan!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Captain Shotover</speaker>
  <p>Whats that?</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Hector</speaker>
  <p>Ha! ha! Do. Do.</p>
 </sp>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Ellie</speaker>
  <p>Please dont.</p>
 </sp>
 <stage type="delivery">in consternation</stage>
</spGrp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Mrs. Hushabye</speaker>
 <stage type="action">catching his arm and stopping him</stage>
 <p>Alfred: for shame! Are you mad?</p>
</sp>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<move>

<move> (movement) marks the actual movement of one or more characters. [7.2.4. Stage Directions]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
characterizes the movement, for example as an entrance or exit.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

entrance

character is entering the stage.

exit

character is exiting the stage.

onStage

character moves on stage

where where⚓︎
specifies the direction of a stage movement.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.authority separated by whitespace

Sample values include:

L

(left) stage left

R

(right) stage right

C

(center) centre stage

Note

Full blocking information will normally require combinations of values, (for example ‘UL’ for ‘upper stage left’) and may also require more detailed encoding of speed, direction etc. Full documentation of any coding system used should be provided in the header. URIs may be used as values.

perf perf⚓︎
(performance) identifies the performance or performances in which this movement occurred as specified by pointing to one or more performance elements.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Member of

model.stageLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l lg meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Example

<performance xml:id="perf1">
 <p>First performance</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="bellaf">Bellafront</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bellaf" type="enter" where="L"
  perf="#perf1"/> Enter
Bellafront mad.
</stage>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element move
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { "entrance" | "exit" | "onStage" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute where { list { teidata.authority+ } }?,
   attribute perf { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <move> (movement)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <move> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <move> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="bella">Bellafront</role>
 </castItem>
</castList>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bella" type="enter"/>
Enter Bellafront mad.
</stage>

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<castList>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="lm">Lady Macbeth</role>
 </castItem>
 <castItem>
  <role xml:id="g1">First Gentleman</role>
 </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
</castList>
<sp who="#g1">
 <speaker>Gent.</speaker>
 <p>Neither to you, nor any one; having no witness
   to confirm my speech. <move who="#lm" type="enter" where="C"/>
   Lo you! here she comes. This is her very guise; and,
   upon my life, fast asleep.</p>
</sp>

<move>

<performance xml:id="perf1">
 <p>First performance</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="bellaf">Bellafront</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- ... -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#bellaf" type="enter" where="L"
  perf="#perf1"/> Enter
Bellafront mad.
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="fr_perf1">
 <p>Première apparition</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="fr_clar">Clarence</role>
  </castItem>
 </castList>
</performance>
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#fr_clar" type="enter"
  perf="#perf1"/>(Entre Clarence,
entouré de gardes).
</stage>

<move>

<performance xml:id="zh-tw_perf1">
 <p>第一場戲</p>
 <castList>
  <castItem>
   <role xml:id="zh-tw_bellaf">楊四郎</role>
  </castItem>
<!-- 其他角色 -->
 </castList>
</performance>
<!-- ... -->
<stage type="entrance">
 <move who="#zh-tw_bellaf" type="enter"
  where="L" perf="#perf1"/>
進場：楊四郎，鬱悶思鄉。
</stage>

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C Elements

<view>

<view> (view) describes the visual context of some part of a screen play in terms of what the spectator sees, generally independent of any dialogue. [7.3.1. Technical Information 7.3. Other Types of Performance Text]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.stageLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l lg meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

A view is a particular form of stage direction.

Example

<view>
 <name>Max</name> joins his daughter
at the window. <hi>Rain</hi> sprays his
face--
</view>
<view>
 <camera>Max's POV</camera> He sees occasional
windows open, and just across from his apartment
house, a <hi>man</hi> opens the front door of
a brownstone--
</view>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<div type="shot">
 <view>BBC World symbol</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Voice Over</speaker>
  <p>Monty Python's Flying Circus tonight comes to you live
     from the Grillomat Snack Bar, Paignton.</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>Interior of a nasty snack bar. Customers around, preferably
   real people. Linkman sitting at one of the plastic tables.</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Linkman</speaker>
  <p>Hello to you live from the Grillomat Snack Bar.
  </p>
 </sp>
</div>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element view
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <view> (view)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <view> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <view> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<camera>Angle on Olivia.</camera>
<view>Ryan's wife, standing nervously alone on the sidelines,
biting her lip. She's scared and she shows it.</view>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<view>George glances at the window—and freezes.
<camera>New angle—shock cut</camera> Out the window
the body of a dead man suddenly slams into
<hi>frame</hi>. He dangles grotesquely,
held up by his coat caught on a protruding bolt.
George gasps. The train <hi>whistle</hi> screams.</view>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<view>Ext. TV control van—Early morning.
The <name>T.V. announcer</name> from the Ryan interview
stands near the Control Van, the lake in b.g.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>T.V. Announcer</speaker>
 <p>Several years ago, Jack Ryan was a highly
   successful hydroplane racer ...</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<sp>
 <speaker>TV Announcer VO</speaker>
 <p>Working with Ryan are his two coworkers—
   Strut Bowman, the mechanical engineer—
 <view>
   <camera>Angle on Strut</camera>
     standing in the tow boat, walkie-talkie in hand,
     watching Ryan carefully.</view>
   —and Roger Dalton, a rocket
   systems analyst, and one of the scientists
   from the Jet Propulsion Lab ...</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film
of hansom cabs galloping past.</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.</p>
</sp>

<view>

<view>
 <name>Max</name> joins his daughter
at the window. <hi>Rain</hi> sprays his
face--
</view>
<view>
 <camera>Max's POV</camera> He sees occasional
windows open, and just across from his apartment
house, a <hi>man</hi> opens the front door of
a brownstone--
</view>

<view>

<view>
 <p>
  <camera>Plan d'ensemble</camera> des fillettes qui regardent Mouchette. <camera>Plan
     rapproché</camera> de la main de l'institutrice pianotant nerveusement.<camera> Retour</camera> sur les fillettes qui ricanent. Mouchette, face à nous, ne peut retenir
   ses larmes. N'y tenant plus, elle prend son visage dans ses mains et hoquète de
   sanglots. <camera>Fondu enchaîné.</camera>
 </p>
</view>

<view>

<div type="plan">
 <view> Préfecture - bureau fonctionnaire - intérieur jour <camera>Plan américain</camera>
   d'un fonctionnaire assis derrière un bureau (il est vu de profil), consultant un fichier
   dans une boîte ouverte devant lui. Il sort une fiche et lève la tête. C'est un homme
   d'une quarantaine d'années, un aspect solide, concret, et un air relativement bon
   enfant. Dans son regard, pourtant, on voit passer par moments une lueur froide,
   inquiétante. </view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FONCTIONNAIRE</speaker>
  <p>Robert Klein, vous avez dit ?</p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<view>
 <name>馬克思</name>隨他女兒到窗邊。<hi>雨水</hi> 打在他臉上--
</view>
<view>
 <camera>馬克思的視點</camera> 他看見一些打開的窗戶，而就在他公寓對面，有一個<hi>男子</hi> 正打開富麗堂皇的大門。--
</view>

<view>

<div type="shot">
 <view>香港鳳凰衛視台</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>旁白</speaker>
  <p>2008北京奧運的聖火稍後即將傳遞到香港九龍，我們有最新的現場實況直播於您。</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>香港九龍街道。四處是圍觀的群眾。記者站在聖火傳遞路線旁。</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>主持人</speaker>
  <p>大家好，我現在在香港的九龍。 </p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<div type="shot">
 <view>BBC World symbol</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Voice Over</speaker>
  <p>Monty Python's Flying Circus tonight comes to you live
     from the Grillomat Snack Bar, Paignton.</p>
 </sp>
</div>
<div type="shot">
 <view>Interior of a nasty snack bar. Customers around, preferably
   real people. Linkman sitting at one of the plastic tables.</view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>Linkman</speaker>
  <p>Hello to you live from the Grillomat Snack Bar.
  </p>
 </sp>
</div>

<camera>

<view>George glances at the window—and freezes.
<camera type="cut">New angle—shock cut</camera>
Out the window the body of a dead man suddenly slams into frame
</view>

<camera>

<view>
 <camera type="plan">Plan américain (très légère plongée)</camera> de la plate-forme
bondée. <camera type="mouvement">Pano</camera> sur Klein qui se glisse dans le couloir
intérieur du véhicule, jusqu'à une jeune femme qui se tient debout.
</view>

<camera>

<view>喬治望向窗戶，凍住。 <camera type="cut">新角度—shock
   cut（凝住）</camera> 窗外一具屍體突然砰向畫面</view>

<sound>

<view>
 <camera> Plan américain</camera> serré de Zazie, en chemise de nuit, dans les vécés,
tout carrelés de clair. Au vasistas, passe un rayon de soleil matinal. Zazie réfléchit et
colle son oreille sur la cloison. La maison est tellement silencieuse qu'elle doit se
demander si elle va tirer la chasse d'eau ou non. Elle sourit et imagine qu'elle entend le
bruit de métro <sound>(bruit off)</sound>, puis, suivie en court
<camera>panoramique</camera>, elle va tirer la chasse d'eau. <sound>Bruit de démarrage
   d'une automobile, grincement de changement de vitesse</sound>. [Etonnée, Zazie
recommence. Cette fois,<sound> bruit du chariot d'une machine à écrire</sound> qui revient
à la ligne. Encore une fois : <sound>sirène de brume</sound>]. Ecœurée ou déçue, Zazie
sort des vécés.
</view>

<caption>

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film of hansom cabs
galloping past</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.
 </p>
</sp>

<caption>

<view>
 <camera>Plongée générale de la cage d'escalier (en colimaçon)</camera>. Deux lycéens,
Eric et Serge, âgés de 16 ans, en manteaux noirs, montent. <camera>En surimpression sur
   cette image, passent successivement trois cartons de générique</camera>
 <note place="foot"> Le générique complet se déroule à la fin du film</note>. <sound>Reprise de
   la musique leitmotiv. Coup de sonnette.</sound>
 <caption> 1er carton : UN FILS UNIQUE</caption>
 <caption>2e carton : UN FILM de MICHEL POLAC</caption>
 <caption> 3e carton : IMAGES ERIC DALMAT</caption>
</view>

<caption>

<camera>鏡頭拉近，畫面上雙蓋馬車奔馳而去。</camera>
<caption>1895年，倫敦。</caption>
<caption>王爾德先生的家</caption>
<sound>開始合宜別緻的音樂。</sound>
<view>畫面融接到王爾德的畫室。一群人衣冠楚楚、 高談闊論，有人手拿香檳，有人開懷大笑。</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>威爾斯王子</speaker>
 <p>恭喜你，王爾德。你最近的戲劇是個大成功。</p>
</sp>

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<camera>

<camera> (camera) describes a particular camera angle or viewpoint in a screen play. [7.3.1. Technical Information 7.3. Other Types of Performance Text]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.stageLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l lg meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<view>George glances at the window—and freezes.
<camera type="cut">New angle—shock cut</camera>
Out the window the body of a dead man suddenly slams into frame
</view>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element camera
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <camera> (camera)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <camera> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <camera> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<camera>Angle on Olivia.</camera>
<view>Ryan's wife, standing nervously alone on the sidelines,
biting her lip. She's scared and she shows it.</view>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<view>George glances at the window—and freezes.
<camera>New angle—shock cut</camera> Out the window
the body of a dead man suddenly slams into
<hi>frame</hi>. He dangles grotesquely,
held up by his coat caught on a protruding bolt.
George gasps. The train <hi>whistle</hi> screams.</view>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<sp>
 <speaker>TV Announcer VO</speaker>
 <p>Working with Ryan are his two coworkers—
   Strut Bowman, the mechanical engineer—
 <view>
   <camera>Angle on Strut</camera>
     standing in the tow boat, walkie-talkie in hand,
     watching Ryan carefully.</view>
   —and Roger Dalton, a rocket
   systems analyst, and one of the scientists
   from the Jet Propulsion Lab ...</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film
of hansom cabs galloping past.</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.</p>
</sp>

<view>

<view>
 <name>Max</name> joins his daughter
at the window. <hi>Rain</hi> sprays his
face--
</view>
<view>
 <camera>Max's POV</camera> He sees occasional
windows open, and just across from his apartment
house, a <hi>man</hi> opens the front door of
a brownstone--
</view>

<view>

<view>
 <p>
  <camera>Plan d'ensemble</camera> des fillettes qui regardent Mouchette. <camera>Plan
     rapproché</camera> de la main de l'institutrice pianotant nerveusement.<camera> Retour</camera> sur les fillettes qui ricanent. Mouchette, face à nous, ne peut retenir
   ses larmes. N'y tenant plus, elle prend son visage dans ses mains et hoquète de
   sanglots. <camera>Fondu enchaîné.</camera>
 </p>
</view>

<view>

<div type="plan">
 <view> Préfecture - bureau fonctionnaire - intérieur jour <camera>Plan américain</camera>
   d'un fonctionnaire assis derrière un bureau (il est vu de profil), consultant un fichier
   dans une boîte ouverte devant lui. Il sort une fiche et lève la tête. C'est un homme
   d'une quarantaine d'années, un aspect solide, concret, et un air relativement bon
   enfant. Dans son regard, pourtant, on voit passer par moments une lueur froide,
   inquiétante. </view>
 <sp>
  <speaker>FONCTIONNAIRE</speaker>
  <p>Robert Klein, vous avez dit ?</p>
 </sp>
</div>

<view>

<view>
 <name>馬克思</name>隨他女兒到窗邊。<hi>雨水</hi> 打在他臉上--
</view>
<view>
 <camera>馬克思的視點</camera> 他看見一些打開的窗戶，而就在他公寓對面，有一個<hi>男子</hi> 正打開富麗堂皇的大門。--
</view>

<camera>

<view>George glances at the window—and freezes.
<camera type="cut">New angle—shock cut</camera>
Out the window the body of a dead man suddenly slams into frame
</view>

<camera>

<view>
 <camera type="plan">Plan américain (très légère plongée)</camera> de la plate-forme
bondée. <camera type="mouvement">Pano</camera> sur Klein qui se glisse dans le couloir
intérieur du véhicule, jusqu'à une jeune femme qui se tient debout.
</view>

<camera>

<view>喬治望向窗戶，凍住。 <camera type="cut">新角度—shock
   cut（凝住）</camera> 窗外一具屍體突然砰向畫面</view>

<sound>

<view>
 <camera> Plan américain</camera> serré de Zazie, en chemise de nuit, dans les vécés,
tout carrelés de clair. Au vasistas, passe un rayon de soleil matinal. Zazie réfléchit et
colle son oreille sur la cloison. La maison est tellement silencieuse qu'elle doit se
demander si elle va tirer la chasse d'eau ou non. Elle sourit et imagine qu'elle entend le
bruit de métro <sound>(bruit off)</sound>, puis, suivie en court
<camera>panoramique</camera>, elle va tirer la chasse d'eau. <sound>Bruit de démarrage
   d'une automobile, grincement de changement de vitesse</sound>. [Etonnée, Zazie
recommence. Cette fois,<sound> bruit du chariot d'une machine à écrire</sound> qui revient
à la ligne. Encore une fois : <sound>sirène de brume</sound>]. Ecœurée ou déçue, Zazie
sort des vécés.
</view>

<caption>

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film of hansom cabs
galloping past</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.
 </p>
</sp>

<caption>

<view>
 <camera>Plongée générale de la cage d'escalier (en colimaçon)</camera>. Deux lycéens,
Eric et Serge, âgés de 16 ans, en manteaux noirs, montent. <camera>En surimpression sur
   cette image, passent successivement trois cartons de générique</camera>
 <note place="foot"> Le générique complet se déroule à la fin du film</note>. <sound>Reprise de
   la musique leitmotiv. Coup de sonnette.</sound>
 <caption> 1er carton : UN FILS UNIQUE</caption>
 <caption>2e carton : UN FILM de MICHEL POLAC</caption>
 <caption> 3e carton : IMAGES ERIC DALMAT</caption>
</view>

<caption>

<camera>鏡頭拉近，畫面上雙蓋馬車奔馳而去。</camera>
<caption>1895年，倫敦。</caption>
<caption>王爾德先生的家</caption>
<sound>開始合宜別緻的音樂。</sound>
<view>畫面融接到王爾德的畫室。一群人衣冠楚楚、 高談闊論，有人手拿香檳，有人開懷大笑。</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>威爾斯王子</speaker>
 <p>恭喜你，王爾德。你最近的戲劇是個大成功。</p>
</sp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<sound>

<sound> (sound) describes a sound effect or musical sequence specified within a screen play or radio script. [7.3.1. Technical Information 7.3. Other Types of Performance Text]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
categorizes the sound in some respect, e.g. as music, special effect, etc.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

discrete discrete⚓︎
indicates whether the sound overlaps the surrounding speeches or interrupts them.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Note

The value true indicates that the sound is heard between the surrounding speeches; the value false indicates that the sound overlaps one or more of the surrounding speeches.

Member of

model.stageLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l lg meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

A specialized form of stage direction.

Example

<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>Now to business.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford and Zaphod</speaker>
 <p>To business.</p>
</sp>
<sound discrete="true">Glasses clink.</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>I beg your pardon?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford</speaker>
 <p>I'm sorry, I thought you were proposing a toast.</p>
</sp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element sound
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute discrete { teidata.xTruthValue }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <sound> (sound)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <sound> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <sound> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>Now to business.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford and Zaphod</speaker>
 <p>To business.</p>
</sp>
<sound>Glasses clink.</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>I beg your pardon?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford</speaker>
 <p>I'm sorry, I thought you were proposing a toast.</p>
</sp>

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film
of hansom cabs galloping past.</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.</p>
</sp>

<sound>

<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>Now to business.</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford and Zaphod</speaker>
 <p>To business.</p>
</sp>
<sound discrete="true">Glasses clink.</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>Benjy</speaker>
 <p>I beg your pardon?</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Ford</speaker>
 <p>I'm sorry, I thought you were proposing a toast.</p>
</sp>

<sound>

<view>
 <camera> Plan américain</camera> serré de Zazie, en chemise de nuit, dans les vécés,
tout carrelés de clair. Au vasistas, passe un rayon de soleil matinal. Zazie réfléchit et
colle son oreille sur la cloison. La maison est tellement silencieuse qu'elle doit se
demander si elle va tirer la chasse d'eau ou non. Elle sourit et imagine qu'elle entend le
bruit de métro <sound>(bruit off)</sound>, puis, suivie en court
<camera>panoramique</camera>, elle va tirer la chasse d'eau. <sound>Bruit de démarrage
   d'une automobile, grincement de changement de vitesse</sound>. [Etonnée, Zazie
recommence. Cette fois,<sound> bruit du chariot d'une machine à écrire</sound> qui revient
à la ligne. Encore une fois : <sound>sirène de brume</sound>]. Ecœurée ou déçue, Zazie
sort des vécés.
</view>

<sound>

<sp>
 <speaker>班吉</speaker>
 <p>現在，說到我們的事業。</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>福特和薩豐</speaker>
 <p>敬我們的事業。</p>
</sp>
<sound discrete="true">玻璃杯敲擊聲</sound>
<sp>
 <speaker>班吉</speaker>
 <p>抱歉，您說什麼？</p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>福特</speaker>
 <p>不好意思，我以為你說乾杯。</p>
</sp>

<caption>

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film of hansom cabs
galloping past</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.
 </p>
</sp>

<caption>

<view>
 <camera>Plongée générale de la cage d'escalier (en colimaçon)</camera>. Deux lycéens,
Eric et Serge, âgés de 16 ans, en manteaux noirs, montent. <camera>En surimpression sur
   cette image, passent successivement trois cartons de générique</camera>
 <note place="foot"> Le générique complet se déroule à la fin du film</note>. <sound>Reprise de
   la musique leitmotiv. Coup de sonnette.</sound>
 <caption> 1er carton : UN FILS UNIQUE</caption>
 <caption>2e carton : UN FILM de MICHEL POLAC</caption>
 <caption> 3e carton : IMAGES ERIC DALMAT</caption>
</view>

<caption>

<camera>鏡頭拉近，畫面上雙蓋馬車奔馳而去。</camera>
<caption>1895年，倫敦。</caption>
<caption>王爾德先生的家</caption>
<sound>開始合宜別緻的音樂。</sound>
<view>畫面融接到王爾德的畫室。一群人衣冠楚楚、 高談闊論，有人手拿香檳，有人開懷大笑。</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>威爾斯王子</speaker>
 <p>恭喜你，王爾德。你最近的戲劇是個大成功。</p>
</sp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<caption>

<caption> (caption) contains the text of a caption or other text displayed as part of a film script or screenplay. [7.3.1. Technical Information 7.3. Other Types of Performance Text]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.stageLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l lg meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

A specialized form of stage direction.

Example

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film of hansom cabs
galloping past</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.
 </p>
</sp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element caption
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <caption> (caption)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <caption> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <caption> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

7.3. Other Types of Performance Text

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film
of hansom cabs galloping past.</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.</p>
</sp>

<caption>

<camera>Zoom in to overlay showing some stock film of hansom cabs
galloping past</camera>
<caption>London, 1895.</caption>
<caption>The residence of Mr Oscar Wilde.</caption>
<sound>Suitably classy music starts.</sound>
<view>Mix through to Wilde's drawing room. A crowd of suitably
dressed folk are engaged in typically brilliant conversation,
laughing affectedly and drinking champagne.</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>Prince of Wales</speaker>
 <p>My congratulations, Wilde. Your latest play is a great success.
 </p>
</sp>

<caption>

<view>
 <camera>Plongée générale de la cage d'escalier (en colimaçon)</camera>. Deux lycéens,
Eric et Serge, âgés de 16 ans, en manteaux noirs, montent. <camera>En surimpression sur
   cette image, passent successivement trois cartons de générique</camera>
 <note place="foot"> Le générique complet se déroule à la fin du film</note>. <sound>Reprise de
   la musique leitmotiv. Coup de sonnette.</sound>
 <caption> 1er carton : UN FILS UNIQUE</caption>
 <caption>2e carton : UN FILM de MICHEL POLAC</caption>
 <caption> 3e carton : IMAGES ERIC DALMAT</caption>
</view>

<caption>

<camera>鏡頭拉近，畫面上雙蓋馬車奔馳而去。</camera>
<caption>1895年，倫敦。</caption>
<caption>王爾德先生的家</caption>
<sound>開始合宜別緻的音樂。</sound>
<view>畫面融接到王爾德的畫室。一群人衣冠楚楚、 高談闊論，有人手拿香檳，有人開懷大笑。</view>
<sp>
 <speaker>威爾斯王子</speaker>
 <p>恭喜你，王爾德。你最近的戲劇是個大成功。</p>
</sp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<tech>

<tech> (technical stage direction) describes a special-purpose stage direction that is not meant for the actors. [7.3.1. Technical Information]

Module
drama — Performance Texts

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
categorizes the technical stage direction.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

light

a lighting cue

sound

a sound cue

prop

a prop cue

block

a blocking instruction

perf perf⚓︎
(performance) points to one or more performance elements documenting the performance or performances to which this technical direction applies.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Member of

model.stageLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l lg meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<tech type="light">Red spot on his face</tech>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element tech
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { "light" | "sound" | "prop" | "block" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute perf { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

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Example: <tech> (technical stage direction)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <tech> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <tech> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

7. Performance Texts

<tech>

<tech type="light">Red spot on his face</tech>

<tech>

<tech type="light">lumière rouge sur son visage</tech>

<tech>

<tech type="light">紅光打在他臉上</tech>

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C Elements

<scriptStmt>

<scriptStmt> (script statement) contains a citation giving details of the script used for a spoken text. [8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech 2.2.7. The Source Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.sourceDescPart

Contained by

header: sourceDesc

May contain

core: bibl biblStruct listBibl p

header: biblFull

linking: ab

msdescription: msDesc

Example

<scriptStmt>
 <bibl>
  <author>Craig Warner</author>
  <title>Strangers on a Train</title>
  <title type="sub">Based on the novel by Patricia Highsmith</title>
  <edition>French's acting edition</edition>
  <idno type="ISBN">978 0 573 01972 2</idno>
  <publisher>Samuel French Ltd</publisher>
 </bibl>
</scriptStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:scriptStmt"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element scriptStmt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | model.biblLike )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <scriptStmt> (script statement)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <scriptStmt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <scriptStmt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<sourceDesc>
 <scriptStmt xml:id="CNN12">
  <bibl>
   <author>CNN Network News</author>
   <title>News headlines</title>
   <date when="1991-06-12">12 Jun 91</date>
  </bibl>
 </scriptStmt>
</sourceDesc>

<scriptStmt>

<scriptStmt>
 <bibl>
  <author>Craig Warner</author>
  <title>Strangers on a Train</title>
  <title type="sub">Based on the novel by Patricia Highsmith</title>
  <edition>French's acting edition</edition>
  <idno type="ISBN">978 0 573 01972 2</idno>
  <publisher>Samuel French Ltd</publisher>
 </bibl>
</scriptStmt>

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<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt> (recording statement) describes a set of recordings used as the basis for transcription of a spoken text. [8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech 2.2.7. The Source Description]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.sourceDescPart

Contained by

header: sourceDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

spoken: recording

Example

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<recordingStmt>
 <p>Three
   distinct recordings made by hidden microphone in early February
   2001.</p>
</recordingStmt>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="recording" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element recordingStmt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | recording+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <recordingStmt> (recording statement)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <recordingStmt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <recordingStmt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="video">
  <p>U-matic recording made by college audio-visual department staff,
     available as PAL-standard VHS transfer or sound-only cassette</p>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3001">
  <date>14 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3002">
  <date>17 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3003">
  <date>22 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>
 <p>Three
   distinct recordings made by hidden microphone in early February
   2001.</p>
</recordingStmt>

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<recording>

<recording> (recording event) provides details of an audio or video recording event used as the source of a spoken text, either directly or from a public broadcast. [8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
the kind of recording.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

audio

audio recording [Default]

video

audio and video recording

Contained by

spoken: broadcast recordingStmt

May contain

core: date media p respStmt time

linking: ab

spoken: broadcast equipment

Note

The dur attribute is used to indicate the original duration of the recording.

Example

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded on a Sony TR444 walkman by unknown participants; remastered
     to digital tape at <placeName>Borehamwood Studios</placeName> by
  <orgName>Transcription Services Inc</orgName>.</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:recording"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.recordingPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element recording
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { "audio" | "video" }?,
   ( model.recordingPart | model.pLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <recording> (recording event)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <recording> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <recording> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="video">
  <p>U-matic recording made by college audio-visual department staff,
     available as PAL-standard VHS transfer or sound-only cassette</p>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3001">
  <date>14 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3002">
  <date>17 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P15M"
  xml:id="rec-3003">
  <date>22 Feb 2001</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording dur="P100M">
 <broadcast>
  <recording/>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded on a Sony TR444 walkman by unknown participants; remastered
     to digital tape at <placeName>Borehamwood Studios</placeName> by
  <orgName>Transcription Services Inc</orgName>.</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <p>
  <orgName>Harmonia Mundi</orgName> S.A., enregistré à <placeName>Boughton Aluph Saints
     Church</placeName>, <date>septembre 1977</date>.</p>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>以Sony TR444 walkman錄成，參與者不明；<orgName>中國廣播公司</orgName>在<placeName>中廣電台</placeName>以數位磁帶重製。</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

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C Elements

<equipment>

<equipment> (equipment) provides technical details of the equipment and media used for an audio or video recording used as the source for a spoken text. [8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.recordingPart

Contained by

spoken: recording

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<equipment>
 <p>"Hi-8" 8 mm NTSC camcorder with integral directional
   microphone and windshield and stereo digital sound
   recording channel.
 </p>
</equipment>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<equipment>
 <p>8-track analogue transfer mixed down to 19 cm/sec audio
   tape for cassette mastering</p>
</equipment>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:equipment"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element equipment
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   model.pLike+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <equipment> (equipment)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <equipment> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <equipment> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recordingStmt>

<recordingStmt>
 <recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Location recording by</resp>
   <name>Sound Services Ltd.</name>
  </respStmt>
  <equipment>
   <p>Multiple close microphones mixed down to stereo Digital
       Audio Tape, standard play, 44.1 KHz sampling frequency</p>
  </equipment>
  <date>12 Jan 1987</date>
 </recording>
</recordingStmt>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded on a Sony TR444 walkman by unknown participants; remastered
     to digital tape at <placeName>Borehamwood Studios</placeName> by
  <orgName>Transcription Services Inc</orgName>.</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>以Sony TR444 walkman錄成，參與者不明；<orgName>中國廣播公司</orgName>在<placeName>中廣電台</placeName>以數位磁帶重製。</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<equipment>

<equipment>
 <p>"Hi-8" 8 mm NTSC camcorder with integral directional
   microphone and windshield and stereo digital sound
   recording channel.
 </p>
</equipment>

<equipment>

<equipment>
 <p>Enregistreur numérique avec connexion USB et 512 Mo de mémoire intégrée</p>
</equipment>

<equipment>

<equipment>
 <p>enregistreur numérique 16 pistes</p>
</equipment>

<equipment>

<equipment>
 <p>內建麥克風、立體聲音響以及數位錄音聲道的"Hi-8" 的8釐米NTSC攝錄像機。</p>
</equipment>

<equipment>

<equipment>
 <p>8-track analogue transfer mixed down to 19 cm/sec audio
   tape for cassette mastering</p>
</equipment>

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<broadcast>

<broadcast> (broadcast) describes a broadcast used as the source of a spoken text. [8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.recordingPart

Contained by

spoken: recording

May contain

core: bibl biblStruct listBibl p

header: biblFull

linking: ab

msdescription: msDesc

spoken: recording

Example

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>Radio Trent</author>
  <title>Gone Tomorrow</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Presenter</resp>
   <name>Tim Maby</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Producer</resp>
   <name>Mary Kerr</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">12 June 89, 1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:broadcast"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
  <elementRef key="recording"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element broadcast
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | model.biblLike | recording )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <broadcast> (broadcast)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <broadcast> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <broadcast> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 1989</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<recording dur="P100M">
 <broadcast>
  <recording/>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>podcast</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Questions sur la souffrance et la santé au travail : pénibilité, stress,
       dépression, harcèlement, maladies et accidents...</title>
   <author>France Inter</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Présentateur</resp>
    <name>Alain Bédouet</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Personne interrogée</resp>
    <name>Marie Pezé</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>Le Téléphone sonne</title>
   </series>
   <note>Marie Pezé est Docteur en psychologie, psychanalyste, expert judiciaire ; dirige
       la consultation « souffrance et travail » à l’Hôpital de Nanterre (92), auteure de
   <title>ils ne mourraient pas tous mais tous étaient frappés</title>, Editions
       Pearson.</note>
   <note>Première diffusion le <date when="2008-09-24"> mercredi 24 septembre
         2008</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>將FM廣播重錄成數位磁帶</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>鬼話連篇</title>
   <author>中國廣播公司</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>男主持人</resp>
    <name>司馬中原</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>女主持人</resp>
    <name>常勤芬</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>鬼吹燈</title>
   </series>
   <note>首播於<date when="1989-11-27">1989年11月27日</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P10M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded from FM Radio to digital tape</p>
 </equipment>
 <broadcast>
  <bibl>
   <title>Interview on foreign policy</title>
   <author>BBC Radio 5</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewer</resp>
    <name>Robin Day</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>interviewee</resp>
    <name>Margaret Thatcher</name>
   </respStmt>
   <series>
    <title>The World Tonight</title>
   </series>
   <note>First broadcast on
   <date when="1989-11-27">27 Nov 89</date>
   </note>
  </bibl>
 </broadcast>
</recording>

<equipment>

<broadcast>
 <p>
<!-- ... -->
 </p>
</broadcast>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>Radio Trent</author>
  <title>Gone Tomorrow</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Presenter</resp>
   <name>Tim Maby</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Producer</resp>
   <name>Mary Kerr</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">12 June 89, 1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

<broadcast>

<broadcast>
 <bibl>
  <author>中國廣播公司</author>
  <title>司馬中原說鬼故事</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>司馬中原</name>
  </respStmt>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>主持人</resp>
   <name>常勤芬</name>
  </respStmt>
  <date when="1989-06-12T12:30:00">1989年6月12日1230 pm</date>
 </bibl>
</broadcast>

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C Elements

<transcriptionDesc>

<transcriptionDesc> (transcription description) describes the set of transcription conventions used, particularly for spoken material. [8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

ident ident⚓︎
supplies an identifier for the encoding convention, independent of any version number.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.name

version version⚓︎
supplies a version number for the encoding conventions used, if any.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.versionNumber

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain

core: desc label p ptr ref

linking: ab

tagdocs: listRef

Example

<transcriptionDesc ident="HIAT"
 version="2004"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.labelLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element transcriptionDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute ident { teidata.name },
   attribute version { teidata.versionNumber }?,
   ( model.labelLike | model.ptrLike | model.pLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <transcriptionDesc> (transcription description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <transcriptionDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <transcriptionDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech

<transcriptionDesc ident="HIAT"
 version="2004"/>

<transcriptionDesc>

<transcriptionDesc ident="HIAT"
 version="2004"/>

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<u>

<u> (utterance) contains a stretch of speech usually preceded and followed by silence or by a change of speaker. [8.3.1. Utterances]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.declaring

@decls

att.notated

@notation

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

trans trans⚓︎
(transition) indicates the nature of the transition between this utterance and the previous one.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

smooth

this utterance begins without unusual pause or rapidity. [Default]

latching

this utterance begins with a markedly shorter pause than normal.

overlap

this utterance begins before the previous one has finished.

pause

this utterance begins after a noticeable pause.

Member of

model.divPart.spoken model.standOffPart

Contained by

core: item note q quote said stage textLang

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

linking: standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: annotationBlock

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

transcr: metamark

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Prose and a mixture of speech elements

Although individual transcriptions may consistently use u elements for turns or other units, and although in most cases a u will be delimited by pause or change of speaker, u is not required to represent a turn or any communicative event, nor to be bounded by pauses or change of speaker. At a minimum, a u is some phonetic production by a given speaker.

Example

<u who="#spkr1">if did you set</u>
<u trans="latching" who="#spkr2">well Joe and I set it between us</u>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="spkr1"/>
 <item xml:id="spkr2"/>
</list>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element u
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   attribute trans { "smooth" | "latching" | "overlap" | "pause" }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <u> (utterance)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <u> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <u> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<unclear>

<u> ...and then <unclear reason="background-noise">Nathalie</unclear> said ... </u>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

8.3.1. Utterances

<u xml:id="ts_a1" who="#a">Have you heard the</u>
<u xml:id="ts_b1" trans="latching" who="#b">the election results? yes</u>
<u xml:id="ts_a2" trans="pause" who="#a">it's a disaster</u>
<u xml:id="ts_b2" trans="overlap" who="#b">it's a miracle</u>

8.3.1. Utterances

<u who="#a">Listen to this <shift new="reading"/>The government is
confident, he said, that the current economic problems will be
completely overcome by June<shift new="normal"/> what nonsense</u>

8.3.1. Utterances

<u who="#a">Listen to this
<incident>
  <desc>reads aloud from newspaper</desc>
 </incident> what
nonsense</u>

8.3.1. Utterances

<u who="#a">So what could I have done <vocal who="#b">
  <desc>tut-tutting</desc>
 </vocal> about it anyway?</u>

8.3.2. Pausing

<u>Okay <pause dur="PT2M"/>U-m<pause dur="PT75S"/>the scene opens up
<pause dur="PT50S"/> with <pause dur="PT20S"/> um <pause dur="PT145S"/> you see
a tree okay?</u>

8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

<u who="#jan">This is just delicious</u>
<incident>
 <desc>telephone rings</desc>
</incident>
<u who="#ann">I'll get it</u>
<u who="#tom">I used to <vocal>
  <desc>cough</desc>
 </vocal> smoke a lot</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <vocal>
  <desc>sniffs</desc>
 </vocal>He thinks he's tough
</u>
<vocal who="#ann">
 <desc>snorts</desc>
</vocal>
<!-- ... elsewhere, e.g., in the <particDesc>: -->
<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="ann">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="bob">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="jan">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="kim">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="tom">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

<u who="#ann">
 <vocal>
  <desc>snorts</desc>
 </vocal>
</u>

8.3.4. Writing

<u who="#a">look at this</u>
<writing who="#a" type="newspaper"
 gradual="false">Government claims economic problems
<soCalled>over by June</soCalled>
</writing>
<u who="#a">what nonsense!</u>

8.3.4. Writing

<sourceDesc>
<!-- ...-->
 <bibl xml:id="FOL1">Shakespeare First Folio text</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="FOL2">Shakespeare Second Folio text</bibl>
<!-- ...-->
</sourceDesc>
<!-- ...-->
<u>[...] now compare the punctuation of lines 12 and 14 in these two
versions of page 42...
<writing source="#FOL1">[...]</writing>
 <writing source="#FOL2">[...]</writing>
</u>

8.3.6. Shifts

<u>
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>Elizabeth
</u>
<u>Yes</u>
<u>
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Come and try this <pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>come on
</u>

<u>

<u who="#spkr1">if did you set</u>
<u trans="latching" who="#spkr2">well Joe and I set it between us</u>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="spkr1"/>
 <item xml:id="spkr2"/>
</list>

<u>

<u who="#fr_spkr1">si tu te déplaçais</u>
<u trans="latching" who="#fr_spkr2">Joe et moi l'aurions mis entre nous</u>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="fr_spkr1"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_spkr2"/>
</list>

<u>

<u who="#zh-tw_spkr1">假如你真的決定</u>
<u trans="latching" who="#zh-tw_spkr2">...我和小文會在我們之間做個決定</u>
<list type="speakers">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_spkr1"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_spkr2"/>
</list>

<shift>

<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>Elizabeth
</u>
<u who="#EB">Yes</u>
<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Come and try this
<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>come on
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="LB"/>
 <person xml:id="EB"/>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#fr_FL">
 <shift feature="voice" new="f"/>Non ! ... Ne bougez pas. N'allumez pas !
</u>
<u who="#fr_KL">Florence ?</u>
<u who="#fr_FL">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Oui, ... n'allumez pas surtout ! <pause/>
 <shift feature="voice" new="ff"/>Ma lettre, ... ça vous ennuie de me la restituer ?
</u>
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="fr_FL"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_KL"/>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#zh-tw_LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>伊莉莎白
</u>
<u who="#zh-tw_EB">是的</u>
<u who="#zh-tw_LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>來把這穿上<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>好嘛
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_LB"/>
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_EB"/>
</listPerson>

8.4.1. Segmentation

<u>
 <seg>we went to the pub yesterday</seg>
 <pause/>
 <seg>there was no one there</seg>
</u>
<u>
 <seg>although its an old ide´a</seg>
 <seg>it hasnt been on the mar´ket very long</seg>
</u>

8.4.1. Segmentation

<u who="#T1">
 <seg type="C">I think </seg>
 <seg type="C">this chap was writing </seg>
 <seg type="C">and he <del type="repeated">said hello</del> said </seg>
 <seg type="M">hello </seg>
 <seg type="C">and he said </seg>
 <seg type="C">I'm going to a gate
   at twenty past seven </seg>
 <seg type="C">he said </seg>
 <seg type="M">ok </seg>
 <seg type="M">right away </seg>
 <seg type="C">and so <gap extent="1 syll"/> on they went </seg>
 <seg type="C">and they were <gap extent="3 sylls"/>
   writing there </seg>
</u>

8.4.1. Segmentation

<u who="#T1"
   xmlns:ext="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
<!-- ... -->
 <seg type="C">and he said </seg>
 <seg type="C">I'm going to a
 <ext:paraphasia>gate</ext:paraphasia>
   at twenty past seven </seg>
<!-- ... -->
</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u who="#jane">have you read Vanity Fair</u>
<u trans="overlap" who="#stig">yes</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u xml:id="utt1" who="#jane">have you read Vanity <anchor synch="#utt2 #k1" xml:id="a1"/> Fair</u>
<u xml:id="utt2" who="#stig">yes</u>
<kinesic xml:id="k1" who="#lou"
 iterated="true">
 <desc>nods head vertically</desc>
</kinesic>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u xml:id="TS-U1" start="#TS-P2"
 end="#TS-P3">This is my <anchor synch="#TS-P6" xml:id="TS-P6A"/> turn</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#ts-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="ts-p1"
  absolute="12:20:01+01:00"/>
 <when synch="#ts-u1" xml:id="ts-p2"
  interval="4.5" since="#ts-p1"/>
 <when synch="#ts-x1" xml:id="ts-p6"/>
 <when synch="#ts-u1" xml:id="ts-p3"
  interval="1.5" since="#ts-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="ts-u1">This is my <anchor xml:id="ts-x1"/> turn</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-p1" absolute="12:20:01"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p2" interval="4.5"
  since="#TS-p1"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p6"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p3" interval="1.5"
  since="#TS-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="TS-u1">
 <anchor xml:id="TS-u1start"/>
This is my <anchor xml:id="TS-x1"/> turn
<anchor xml:id="TS-u1end"/>
</u>
<linkGrp type="synchronous">
 <link target="#TS-u1start #TS-p1"/>
 <link target="#TS-u1end #TS-p2"/>
 <link target="#TS-x1 #TS-p6"/>
</linkGrp>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u who="#tom">I used to smoke <anchor xml:id="TS-p10"/> a lot more than this
<anchor xml:id="TS-p20"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u start="#TS-p10" end="#TS-p20" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u who="#bob">
 <anchor synch="#TS-p10"/>You used to smoke<anchor synch="#TS-p20"/>
</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-t01" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-t01" absolute="15:33:01Z"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-t02" interval="2.5"
  since="#TS-t01"/>
</timeline>
<u who="#tom">I used to smoke
<anchor synch="#TS-t01"/>a lot more than this
<anchor synch="#TS-t02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <anchor synch="#TS-t01"/>You used to smoke<anchor synch="#TS-t02"/>
</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u start="#TS-t01" end="#TS-t02" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-T01">
 <when synch="#TS-nm1 #bob-u2"
  xml:id="TS-T01"/>
 <when synch="#TS-nm2 #bob-u2"
  xml:id="TS-T02"/>
</timeline>
<u who="#tom">I used to smoke
<anchor xml:id="TS-nm1"/>a lot more than this
<anchor xml:id="TS-nm2"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u xml:id="bob-u2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<body>
 <timeline origin="#T001">
  <when xml:id="T001"/>
  <when xml:id="T002"/>
 </timeline>
 <u who="#tom">I used to smoke
 <anchor xml:id="NM01"/>a lot more than this
 <anchor xml:id="NM02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
 <u xml:id="bob-U2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>
 <linkGrp type="synchronize">
  <link target="#T001 #NM01 #bob-U2"/>
  <link target="#T002 #NM02 #bob-U2"/>
 </linkGrp>
</body>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TSp1">
 <when synch="#TSa1 #TSb1 #TSc1"
  xml:id="TSp1"/>
 <when synch="#TSa2 #TSc2" xml:id="TSp2"/>
</timeline>
<!-- ... -->
<u who="#stig">this is <anchor xml:id="TSa1"/> my <anchor xml:id="TSa2"/> turn</u>
<u who="#jane" xml:id="TSb1">balderdash</u>
<u who="#lou" xml:id="TSc1"> no <anchor xml:id="TSc2"/> it's mine</u>

8.4.4. Prosody

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

8.4.5. Speech Management

<u>
 <del type="truncation">s</del>see
<del type="repetition">you you</del> you know
<del type="falseStart">it's</del> he's crazy
</u>

8.4.5. Speech Management

<u>...and then <unclear reason="passing-truck">marbled queen</unclear>
</u>

8.4.5. Speech Management

<u who="#P1">I proposed that <foreign xml:lang="de"> wir können
 <pause dur="PT1S"/> vielleicht </foreign> go to warsaw
and <emph>vienna</emph>
</u>

<annotationBlock>

<annotationBlock who="#SPK1" start="#T2"
 end="#T3" xml:id="ag20">
 <u xml:id="u20">
  <seg xml:id="seg37" type="utterance"
   subtype="modeless">
   <w xml:id="w46">Yeah</w>
  </seg>
 </u>
</annotationBlock>
<annotationBlock who="#SPK1" start="#T5"
 end="#T6" xml:id="ag21">
 <u xml:id="u21">
  <seg xml:id="seg38" type="utterance"
   subtype="modeless">
   <w xml:id="w47">Mhm</w>
  </seg>
 </u>
</annotationBlock>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<text>
 <body>
  <u xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a191"
   who="#tingrabu"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts373" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts430">ok
     hm for me this presentation was hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> become too fast because it's
     always the same in our architecture school euh we have not time and hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> too quickly sorry [...]</u>
  <kinesic xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a192"
   who="#romeorez"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts376" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts377"
   type="body" subtype="kinesics">
   <desc>
    <code>eat(popcorn)</code>
   </desc>
  </kinesic>
<!-- more bodily activities of avatars -->
  <post modality="written"
   generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a195"
   who="#tfrez2"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts380" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts381"
   type="chat-message">
   <p>it went too quickly?</p>
  </post>
 </body>
</text>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<div xml:id="BNC-d1" type="convers">
 <u xml:id="u2b" who="#b"> The first time in twenty five years,
   we've cooked Christmas <unclear> for a blooming great
     load of people.</unclear>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u3a" who="#a">So you're
 <anchor synch="#t1b" xml:id="t1a"/>
  <unclear>
   <anchor synch="#t2b" xml:id="t2a"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u3b" who="#b">
  <anchor xml:id="t1b"/>It will be <anchor xml:id="t2b"/>
   nice in a way, but, <anchor xml:id="t3b"/>
   be strange.<anchor xml:id="t4b"/>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u4a" who="#a">
  <anchor synch="#t3b" xml:id="t3a"/>Yeah
 <anchor synch="#t4b" xml:id="t4a"/>, yeah, cos it, its
 <anchor synch="#t5b" xml:id="t5a"/>the
 <anchor synch="#t6b" xml:id="t6a"/>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u4b" who="#b">
  <anchor xml:id="t5b"/>not<anchor xml:id="t6b"/>
 </u>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<u synch="#u02" xml:id="u01" who="#a">What?</u>
<u xml:id="u02" who="#b">No!</u>

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<u who="#a"> So you're <unclear synch="#u-b1"/>
</u>
<u who="#b">
 <seg xml:id="u-b1"> It will be </seg> nice in a way, but,
<seg synch="#u-a3"> be strange. </seg>
</u>
<u who="#a">
 <seg xml:id="u-a3"> Yeah </seg>, yeah, cos it,
its <seg synch="#u-b2"> the </seg>
</u>
<u xml:id="u-b2" who="#b"> not </u>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u exclude="#we.sun1" xml:id="we.fun1">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun1" xml:id="we.sun1">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div select="#we.fun2" type="interview">
 <u exclude="#we.sun2" xml:id="we.fun2">We had fun at the beach
   today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun2" xml:id="we.sun2">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u select="#fun3">We had
 <seg exclude="#sun3" xml:id="fun3"
   type="word">fun</seg>
  <seg exclude="#fun3" xml:id="sun3"
   type="word">sun</seg>
   at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u>We had
 <seg select="#id-f" type="word">
   <seg exclude="#id-s" xml:id="id-f"
    type="character">f</seg>
   <seg exclude="#id-f" xml:id="id-s"
    type="character">s</seg>
     un</seg>
   at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
<!-- ... -->
 <u exclude="#we.sun4 #lee.fun4"
  xml:id="we.fun4">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun4 #lee.fun4"
  xml:id="we.sun4">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun4 #we.sun4"
  xml:id="lee.fun4">Lee had fun at the beach today.</u>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<u>
 <seg exclude="#lee" xml:id="we" type="word">We</seg>
 <seg exclude="#we #sun" xml:id="lee"
  type="word">Lee</seg>
had
<seg exclude="#sun" xml:id="fun"
  type="word">fun</seg>
 <seg exclude="#fun #lee" xml:id="sun"
  type="word">sun</seg>
at the beach today.
</u>

17.8. Alternation

<div select="#we.fun5 #lee.fun5"
 type="interview">
 <u exclude="#we.sun5 #lee.fun5"
  xml:id="we.fun5">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun5 #lee.fun5"
  xml:id="we.sun5">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun5 #we.sun5"
  xml:id="lee.fun5">Lee had fun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u exclude="#lee.fun6" xml:id="we.fun6">We had fun at the beach
   today.</u>
 <u exclude="#we.fun6" xml:id="lee.fun6">Lee had fun at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u xml:id="we.had.fun">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u xml:id="we.had.sun">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
 <link type="exclusiveAlternation"
  target="#we.had.fun #we.had.sun"/>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<u xml:id="we.fun">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
<u xml:id="we.sun">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
<alt target="#we.fun #we.sun" mode="excl"
 weights="1 0"/>

17.8. Alternation

<u>
 <seg exclude="#lee2" xml:id="we2"
  type="word">We</seg>
 <seg exclude="#we2" xml:id="lee2"
  type="word">Lee</seg>
had
<seg exclude="#sun2" xml:id="fun2"
  type="word">fun</seg>
 <seg exclude="#fun2" xml:id="sun2"
  type="word">sun</seg>
at the beach today.
</u>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#we2 #lee2"/>
 <alt target="#fun2 #sun2"/>
 <alt target="#we2 #fun2" mode="incl"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#lee2 #fun2" mode="incl"
  weights="1.0 0.6"/>
</altGrp>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

<spanGrp>

<u xml:id="UU1">Can I have ten oranges and a kilo of bananas please?</u>
<u xml:id="UU2">Yes, anything else?</u>
<u xml:id="UU3">No thanks.</u>
<u xml:id="UU4">That'll be dollar forty.</u>
<u xml:id="UU5">Two dollars</u>
<u xml:id="UU6">Sixty, eighty, two dollars.
<anchor xml:id="UU6e"/>Thank you.<anchor xml:id="UU6f"/>
</u>
<spanGrp type="transactions">
 <span from="#UU1">sale request</span>
 <span from="#UU2" to="#UU3">sale compliance</span>
 <span from="#UU4">sale</span>
 <span from="#UU5" to="#UU6">purchase</span>
 <span from="#UU6e" to="#UU6f">purchase closure</span>
</spanGrp>

18.4.3. Spoken Text

<u xml:id="u1">Can I have ten oranges and a kilo of bananas please?</u>
<u xml:id="u2">Yes, anything else?</u>
<u xml:id="u3">No thanks.</u>
<u xml:id="u4">That'll be dollar forty.</u>
<u xml:id="u5">Two dollars</u>
<u xml:id="u6">Sixty, eighty, two dollars. Thank you.</u>
<spanGrp type="transactions">
 <span from="#u1">sale request</span>
 <span from="#u2" to="#u3">sale compliance</span>
 <span from="#u4">sale</span>
 <span from="#u5">purchase</span>
 <span from="#u6">purchase closure</span>
</spanGrp>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<u xml:id="CE-u1" who="#A">Have you heard the election results?</u>
<certainty target="#CE-u1" match="@who"
 locus="value" degree="0.5"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<u who="#A">Have you heard the election results?<certainty match="@who" locus="value"
  degree="0.5"/>
</u>

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C Elements

<pause>

<pause> (pause) marks a pause either between or within utterances. [8.3.2. Pausing]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.global.spoken

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: annotationBlock u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Example

<pause dur="PT42S" type="pregnant"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element pause
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <pause> (pause)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <pause> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <pause> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

8.3.2. Pausing

<u>Okay <pause dur="PT2M"/>U-m<pause dur="PT75S"/>the scene opens up
<pause dur="PT50S"/> with <pause dur="PT20S"/> um <pause dur="PT145S"/> you see
a tree okay?</u>

8.3.6. Shifts

<u>
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>Elizabeth
</u>
<u>Yes</u>
<u>
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Come and try this <pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>come on
</u>

<pause>

<pause dur="PT42S" type="pregnant"/>

<pause>

<pause dur="PT42S" type="pregnant"/>

<shift>

<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>Elizabeth
</u>
<u who="#EB">Yes</u>
<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Come and try this
<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>come on
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="LB"/>
 <person xml:id="EB"/>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#fr_FL">
 <shift feature="voice" new="f"/>Non ! ... Ne bougez pas. N'allumez pas !
</u>
<u who="#fr_KL">Florence ?</u>
<u who="#fr_FL">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Oui, ... n'allumez pas surtout ! <pause/>
 <shift feature="voice" new="ff"/>Ma lettre, ... ça vous ennuie de me la restituer ?
</u>
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="fr_FL"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_KL"/>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#zh-tw_LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>伊莉莎白
</u>
<u who="#zh-tw_EB">是的</u>
<u who="#zh-tw_LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>來把這穿上<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>好嘛
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_LB"/>
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_EB"/>
</listPerson>

8.4.1. Segmentation

<u>
 <seg>we went to the pub yesterday</seg>
 <pause/>
 <seg>there was no one there</seg>
</u>
<u>
 <seg>although its an old ide´a</seg>
 <seg>it hasnt been on the mar´ket very long</seg>
</u>

8.4.4. Prosody

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

8.4.5. Speech Management

<u who="#P1">I proposed that <foreign xml:lang="de"> wir können
 <pause dur="PT1S"/> vielleicht </foreign> go to warsaw
and <emph>vienna</emph>
</u>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<text>
 <body>
  <u xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a191"
   who="#tingrabu"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts373" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts430">ok
     hm for me this presentation was hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> become too fast because it's
     always the same in our architecture school euh we have not time and hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> too quickly sorry [...]</u>
  <kinesic xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a192"
   who="#romeorez"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts376" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts377"
   type="body" subtype="kinesics">
   <desc>
    <code>eat(popcorn)</code>
   </desc>
  </kinesic>
<!-- more bodily activities of avatars -->
  <post modality="written"
   generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a195"
   who="#tfrez2"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts380" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts381"
   type="chat-message">
   <p>it went too quickly?</p>
  </post>
 </body>
</text>

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C Elements

<vocal>

<vocal> (vocal) marks any vocalized but not necessarily lexical phenomenon, for example voiced pauses, non-lexical backchannels, etc. [8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.typed

@type

@subtype

iterated iterated⚓︎
indicates whether or not the phenomenon is repeated.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Default
false

Note

The value true indicates that the vocal effect is repeated several times rather than just occurring once.

Member of

model.global.spoken

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: annotationBlock u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: desc

Example

<vocal dur="PT12S">
 <desc>whistles</desc>
</vocal>
<vocal iterated="true">
 <desc>whistles intermittently</desc>
</vocal>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.descLike"
  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element vocal
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute iterated { teidata.xTruthValue }?,
   model.descLike*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <vocal> (vocal)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <vocal> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <vocal> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

8.3.1. Utterances

<u who="#a">So what could I have done <vocal who="#b">
  <desc>tut-tutting</desc>
 </vocal> about it anyway?</u>

8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

<u who="#jan">This is just delicious</u>
<incident>
 <desc>telephone rings</desc>
</incident>
<u who="#ann">I'll get it</u>
<u who="#tom">I used to <vocal>
  <desc>cough</desc>
 </vocal> smoke a lot</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <vocal>
  <desc>sniffs</desc>
 </vocal>He thinks he's tough
</u>
<vocal who="#ann">
 <desc>snorts</desc>
</vocal>
<!-- ... elsewhere, e.g., in the <particDesc>: -->
<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="ann">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="bob">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="jan">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="kim">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="tom">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

<u who="#ann">
 <vocal>
  <desc>snorts</desc>
 </vocal>
</u>

<vocal>

<vocal dur="PT12S">
 <desc>whistles</desc>
</vocal>
<vocal iterated="true">
 <desc>whistles intermittently</desc>
</vocal>

<vocal>

<vocal dur="PT12S">
 <desc>sifflements</desc>
</vocal>
<vocal iterated="true">
 <desc>sifflements intermittents</desc>
</vocal>

<vocal>

<vocal dur="PT12S">
 <desc>吹口哨</desc>
</vocal>
<vocal iterated="true">
 <desc>斷斷續續地吹口哨</desc>
</vocal>

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C Elements

<kinesic>

<kinesic> (kinesic) marks any communicative phenomenon, not necessarily vocalized, for example a gesture, frown, etc. [8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.typed

@type

@subtype

iterated iterated⚓︎
indicates whether or not the phenomenon is repeated.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Default
false

Note

The value true indicates that the kinesic is repeated several times rather than occurring only once.

Member of

model.global.spoken

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: annotationBlock u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: desc

Example

<kinesic dur="PT1.5S" iterated="true"
 type="reinforcing">
 <desc>nodding head vigorously</desc>
</kinesic>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.descLike"
  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element kinesic
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute iterated { teidata.xTruthValue }?,
   model.descLike*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <kinesic> (kinesic)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <kinesic> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <kinesic> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

<kinesic>

<kinesic dur="PT1.5S" iterated="true"
 type="reinforcing">
 <desc>nodding head vigorously</desc>
</kinesic>

<kinesic>

<kinesic dur="PT1.5S" iterated="true"
 type="reinforcing">
 <desc>hochant la tête vigoureusement</desc>
</kinesic>

<kinesic>

<kinesic dur="PT1.5S" iterated="true"
 type="reinforcing">
 <desc>精力旺盛地點頭</desc>
</kinesic>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u xml:id="utt1" who="#jane">have you read Vanity <anchor synch="#utt2 #k1" xml:id="a1"/> Fair</u>
<u xml:id="utt2" who="#stig">yes</u>
<kinesic xml:id="k1" who="#lou"
 iterated="true">
 <desc>nods head vertically</desc>
</kinesic>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<text>
 <body>
  <u xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a191"
   who="#tingrabu"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts373" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts430">ok
     hm for me this presentation was hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> become too fast because it's
     always the same in our architecture school euh we have not time and hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> too quickly sorry [...]</u>
  <kinesic xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a192"
   who="#romeorez"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts376" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts377"
   type="body" subtype="kinesics">
   <desc>
    <code>eat(popcorn)</code>
   </desc>
  </kinesic>
<!-- more bodily activities of avatars -->
  <post modality="written"
   generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a195"
   who="#tfrez2"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts380" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts381"
   type="chat-message">
   <p>it went too quickly?</p>
  </post>
 </body>
</text>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<incident>

<incident> (incident) marks any phenomenon or occurrence, not necessarily vocalized or communicative, for example incidental noises or other events affecting communication. [8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed

@who

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.global.spoken

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: annotationBlock u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: desc

Example

<incident>
 <desc>ceiling collapses</desc>
</incident>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.descLike"
  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element incident
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   model.descLike*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <incident> (incident)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <incident> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <incident> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

8.3.1. Utterances

<u who="#a">Listen to this
<incident>
  <desc>reads aloud from newspaper</desc>
 </incident> what
nonsense</u>

8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

<u who="#jan">This is just delicious</u>
<incident>
 <desc>telephone rings</desc>
</incident>
<u who="#ann">I'll get it</u>
<u who="#tom">I used to <vocal>
  <desc>cough</desc>
 </vocal> smoke a lot</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <vocal>
  <desc>sniffs</desc>
 </vocal>He thinks he's tough
</u>
<vocal who="#ann">
 <desc>snorts</desc>
</vocal>
<!-- ... elsewhere, e.g., in the <particDesc>: -->
<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="ann">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="bob">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="jan">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="kim">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="tom">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

<incident>

<incident>
 <desc>ceiling collapses</desc>
</incident>

<incident>

<incident>
 <desc>La vitrine s'écroule dans un grand fracas.</desc>
</incident>

<incident>

<incident>
 <desc>天花板崩塌</desc>
</incident>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<writing>

<writing> (writing) contains a passage of written text revealed to participants in the course of a spoken text. [8.3.4. Writing]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed.directed

@toWhom

att.ascribed

@who

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.typed

@type

@subtype

gradual gradual⚓︎
indicates whether the writing is revealed all at once or gradually.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Note

The value true indicates the writing is revealed gradually; the value false that the writing is revealed all at once.

Member of

model.global.spoken

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: annotationBlock u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The writing element will usually be short and most simply transcribed as a character string; the content model also allows a sequence of paragraphs and paragraph-level elements, in case the writing has enough internal structure to warrant such markup. In either case the usual phrase-level tags for written text are available.

Example

<!-- ... --><l>man in a coonskin cap</l>
<writing>coonskin</writing>
<l>in a pig pen</l>
<writing>pig pen</writing>
<l>wants eleven dollar bills</l>
<writing>20 dollar bills</writing>
<l>you only got ten</l>
<writing>10</writing>
<!-- ... -->

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element writing
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.directed.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute gradual { teidata.xTruthValue }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <writing> (writing)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <writing> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <writing> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3.4. Writing

<u who="#a">look at this</u>
<writing who="#a" type="newspaper"
 gradual="false">Government claims economic problems
<soCalled>over by June</soCalled>
</writing>
<u who="#a">what nonsense!</u>

8.3.4. Writing

<sourceDesc>
<!-- ...-->
 <bibl xml:id="FOL1">Shakespeare First Folio text</bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="FOL2">Shakespeare Second Folio text</bibl>
<!-- ...-->
</sourceDesc>
<!-- ...-->
<u>[...] now compare the punctuation of lines 12 and 14 in these two
versions of page 42...
<writing source="#FOL1">[...]</writing>
 <writing source="#FOL2">[...]</writing>
</u>

<writing>

<!-- ... --><l>man in a coonskin cap</l>
<writing>coonskin</writing>
<l>in a pig pen</l>
<writing>pig pen</writing>
<l>wants eleven dollar bills</l>
<writing>20 dollar bills</writing>
<l>you only got ten</l>
<writing>10</writing>
<!-- ... -->

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<shift>

<shift> (shift) marks the point at which some paralinguistic feature of a series of utterances by any one speaker changes. [8.3.6. Shifts]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed

@who

att.cmc

@generatedBy

feature feature⚓︎
a paralinguistic feature.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

tempo

speed of utterance.

loud

loudness.

pitch

pitch range.

tension

tension or stress pattern.

rhythm

rhythmic qualities.

voice

voice quality.

new new⚓︎
specifies the new state of the paralinguistic feature specified.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Default
normal

Note

Some possible values for this attribute are provided in section 8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap. The special value normal should be used to indicate that the feature concerned ceases to be remarkable at this point. In earlier versions of these Guidelines, a null value for this attribute was understood to have the same effect: this practice is now deprecated and will be removed at a future release.

Member of

model.global.spoken

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: annotationBlock u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Example

<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>Elizabeth
</u>
<u who="#EB">Yes</u>
<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Come and try this
<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>come on
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="LB"/>
 <person xml:id="EB"/>
</listPerson>

Show all ⚓︎

The word ‘Elizabeth’ is spoken loudly, the words ‘Yes’ and ‘Come and try this’ with normal volume, and the words ‘come on’ very loudly.

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:shift">
<sch:assert test="@new" role="warning">
The @new attribute should always be supplied; use the special value
"normal" to indicate that the feature concerned ceases to be
remarkable at this point.
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element shift
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   attribute feature
   {
      "tempo"
    | "loud"
    | "pitch"
    | "tension"
    | "rhythm"
    | "voice"
    | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   attribute new { teidata.enumerated }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <shift> (shift)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <shift> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <shift> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3.1. Utterances

<u who="#a">Listen to this <shift new="reading"/>The government is
confident, he said, that the current economic problems will be
completely overcome by June<shift new="normal"/> what nonsense</u>

8.3.6. Shifts

<u>
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>Elizabeth
</u>
<u>Yes</u>
<u>
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Come and try this <pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>come on
</u>

<shift>

<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>Elizabeth
</u>
<u who="#EB">Yes</u>
<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Come and try this
<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>come on
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="LB"/>
 <person xml:id="EB"/>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#fr_FL">
 <shift feature="voice" new="f"/>Non ! ... Ne bougez pas. N'allumez pas !
</u>
<u who="#fr_KL">Florence ?</u>
<u who="#fr_FL">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Oui, ... n'allumez pas surtout ! <pause/>
 <shift feature="voice" new="ff"/>Ma lettre, ... ça vous ennuie de me la restituer ?
</u>
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="fr_FL"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_KL"/>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#zh-tw_LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>伊莉莎白
</u>
<u who="#zh-tw_EB">是的</u>
<u who="#zh-tw_LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>來把這穿上<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>好嘛
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_LB"/>
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_EB"/>
</listPerson>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<annotationBlock>

<annotationBlock> groups together various annotations, e.g. for parallel interpretations of a spoken segment. [8.4.6. Analytic Coding]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed

@who

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

Member of

model.annotationLike model.divPart.spoken

Contained by

core: item note q quote said stage textLang

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

linking: listAnnotation standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

transcr: metamark

May contain

analysis: spanGrp

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

Example

<annotationBlock who="#SPK1" start="#T2"
 end="#T3" xml:id="ag20">
 <u xml:id="u20">
  <seg xml:id="seg37" type="utterance"
   subtype="modeless">
   <w xml:id="w46">Yeah</w>
  </seg>
 </u>
</annotationBlock>
<annotationBlock who="#SPK1" start="#T5"
 end="#T6" xml:id="ag21">
 <u xml:id="u21">
  <seg xml:id="seg38" type="utterance"
   subtype="modeless">
   <w xml:id="w47">Mhm</w>
  </seg>
 </u>
</annotationBlock>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="u"/>
  <elementRef key="spanGrp"/>
  <classRef key="model.global.spoken"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element annotationBlock
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   ( u | spanGrp | model.global.spoken )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <annotationBlock>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <annotationBlock> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <annotationBlock> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

8. Transcriptions of Speech

<annotationBlock>

<annotationBlock who="#SPK1" start="#T2"
 end="#T3" xml:id="ag20">
 <u xml:id="u20">
  <seg xml:id="seg37" type="utterance"
   subtype="modeless">
   <w xml:id="w46">Yeah</w>
  </seg>
 </u>
</annotationBlock>
<annotationBlock who="#SPK1" start="#T5"
 end="#T6" xml:id="ag21">
 <u xml:id="u21">
  <seg xml:id="seg38" type="utterance"
   subtype="modeless">
   <w xml:id="w47">Mhm</w>
  </seg>
 </u>
</annotationBlock>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotationBlock corresp="#u1">
  <spanGrp type="pos">
   <span from="#e14.w1" to="#e14.w1">CONJ</span>
   <span from="#e14.w2" to="#e14.w2">RELPRO</span>
   <span from="#e14.w3" to="#e14.w3">V</span>
  </spanGrp>
  <spanGrp type="prosody">
   <span from="#T0" to="#T1">faster</span>
  </spanGrp>
 </annotationBlock>
<!-- ... annotationBlocks for #u2 through #u27 here -->
</listAnnotation>

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C Elements

<post>

<post> a written (or spoken) contribution to a CMC interaction which has been composed (or recorded) by its author in its entirety before being transmitted over a network (e.g., the internet) and made available on the monitor or screen of the other parties en bloc. [9.3.1. CMC Posts]

Module
cmc — Computer-mediated Communication

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed

@who

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.docStatus

@status

att.fragmentable

@part

att.indentation

@indentLevel

att.timed

@start

@end

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

att.typed

@type

@subtype

modality modality⚓︎
written or spoken mode.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

written

for stretches of text and/or multimodal elements

spoken

(for audio (or audio-visual) posts)

Note

This attribute is intended to convey information about the CMC environment in which the post was created, as opposed to the MIME type of the content conveyed, which is indicated by the elements contained within the post.

replyTo replyTo⚓︎
indicates to which previous post the current post replies or refers.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

This attribute should be used to encode ‘technical’ reply information that is due to a formal reply action (such as activating a ‘reply’ button in the client software) and that is formally represented in the source, e.g. in the ‘references’ field of a Usenet message header or in the subject line of a forum post. It should not be used for inferred or interpreted reply relations based only on ambiguous signs such as linguistic discourse markers or indentation.

Member of

model.cmc

Contained by

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set

figures: figure

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic head hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media meeting mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText opener postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Even though in some CMC genres (e.g., WhatsApp), the other parties are informed by an automated alert about the fact that another party is currently composing a new post, they cannot track the process of verbalization, i.e. how the written utterance emerges in the entry form on the user interface of its author. It is not until the author performs a ‘posting’ action (e.g., by hitting the ‘enter’ key or by activating a ‘send’ button with the mouse) that the result of the composition process — the post — is made available for the other parties. From the perspective of its addressees/readers, a post is a stretch of text that has been composed in advance. Different from spoken utterances but similar to edited text, (1) the reader of a post does not have access to the verbalization process and (2) the mental processing of a post is not possible until the process of verbalization (the composition) has been finished and the posting action has been performed by the author. Posts occur in a broad range of written CMC genres: as user ‘messages’ in chats and WhatsApp dialogues, as SMS messages, as tweets in Twitter timelines, as individual comments following a status update on Facebook pages, as posts in forum threads, as contributions on Wikipedia talk pages or in the comments section of a weblog. [Element adopted from the DeRiK schema. Aspects of the model adopted from the CoMeRe Schema]. The post element is a member of the model class model.common (via model.CMC). This allows for using (and combining) occurrences of post, u, incident, and kinesicin one and the same div in order to be able to represent the combined use of written and spoken utterances and nonverbal acts on the GUI of multimodal CMC environments.

The use of the modality attribute is recommended, but not required. Its value is either written or spoken. Because spoken language differs fundamentally from written language, when the value is spoken projects may wish to limit the content of the post to character data and only those elements available in the u element, thus avoiding elements like p or head that are used for the encoding of written text.

Example

standard user postings in chat

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A05" rend="color:red">
 <p>oh ja, in die Wärme...</p>
</post>
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A03" rend="color:red">
 <p>nein, hast du nicht !!</p>
</post>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

chat message-type "system": user enters a chatroom, "system" defined in listPerson

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="system">
  <persName>system</persName>
 </person>
<!-- ... -->
</listPerson>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

action message in chat

<post type="event" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A02" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> hechtet zum Steuer </p>
</post>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

chat messages incl. interaction words (types: inflective and acronym) and an interaction phrase

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A03" rend="color:green">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">schwank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
<!-- ... -->
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW">seekrank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
 </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A02" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="acronym">lol</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w> ... </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" rend="color:black">
 <p>
  <phr type="AKW">
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
   <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> einen fallschirm <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">umbind</w>
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  </phr>
 </p>
</post>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

user posting incl. an emoticon

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" rend="color:black">
 <p> naja, der war gestrandet <w type="emoticon" subtype="ascii">:(</w>
 </p>
</post>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

Twitter: Tweet containing an addressing term and a hashtag expression

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" when="2015-11-18">
 <p>
  <ref corresp="#A02"
   target="https://twitter.com/textarchiv">
   <w type="ADRIND">@</w>
   <w type="ADR">textarchiv</w>
  </ref> Erfurter
   Europäische Welt- und Staats-Geschichte: 20 Ausgaben von 1744 aus dem MKHZ
   bereits in DTAQ <ref target="http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/dtaq/about"> http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/dtaq/about</ref>
  <ref target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dtaclarin14?src=hash">
   <w type="hashtag">#dtaclarin14</w>
  </ref>
 </p>
</post>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

example from Wikipedia discussion

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich
   selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel
   glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

Blog comment: Die Anthropodizee-Frage. Wer den Himmel leerräumt, schafft die Menschheit ab. by Volker Birk. https://scilogs.spektrum.de/natur-des-glaubens/die-anthropodizee-frage-wer-himmel/#comment-31899

<post xml:id="p5" type="comment" who="#u4"
 synch="#t005" replyTo="#p4">
 <p>“Wenn Sie diesen Gruppen also “mangelnde Bildung“ attestieren wollen, so
   verwenden Sie bereits einen bestimmten, kulturgebundenen Bildungsbegriff.”</p>
 <p>Ich hoffe doch, wir können beim Bildungsbegriff der Aufklärung bleiben. Wer das
   nicht möchte, hat die Wissenschaft verlassen.</p>
</post>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

Usenet reply that comments on material quoted in an earlier message.

<post when="1990-10-11" who="#dmerritt"
 xml:id="sgml-tei-3" replyTo="#sgml-tei-1">
 <time generatedBy="system">04:37:51 UTC</time>
 <p>
  <seg generatedBy="system">In article
  <ref target="#sgml-tei-1"><2****.**********0@m*******.***.*****.**c.uk></ref> S.*.*.*****z@e**.*****.**c.uk (Sebastian Rahtz) writes:</seg>
  <cit>
   <bibl>[for] Lou Burnard:</bibl>
   <quote>the Text Encoding Initiative document is a many-splendoured thing,
       redolent of the mysterious east, caribbean evenings and the scent of
       fresh pine in the himalayas [...]</quote>
  </cit>
 </p>
 <p>Very poetic.</p>
 <p>But really, what is it?</p>
 <signed generatedBy="human">Doug</signed>
 <signed generatedBy="template">Doug Merritt ****@e***.********y.edu (ucbvax!eris!doug) or uunet.uu.net!crossck!dougm
 </signed>
</post>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
  <elementRef key="opener"/>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <elementRef key="lg"/>
  <classRef key="model.lLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element post
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.docStatus.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.indentation.attributes,
   att.timed.attributes,
   att.duration.iso.attributes,
   att.duration.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute modality { "written" | "spoken" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute replyTo { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   (
      text
    | model.headLike
    | opener
    | model.pLike
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.global
    | lg
    | model.lLike
    | model.divBottom
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <post>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <post> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <post> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.cmc

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> geht
   in einen anderen Raum: <name type="roomname">Kreuzfahrt</name>
 </p>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="event" generatedBy="system">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A08">c_bo</name> betritt
   den Raum. </p>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 rend="color:red">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A08">c_bo</name> hat die
   Farbe gewechselt.
 </p>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="2" synch="#t00394407" who="#WU00005582">
 <p> Kurze Nachfrage: Die Hieros für den Goldnamen stammen
   auch von Beckerath gem. Literatur ? Grüße --</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">18:50, 22. Okt. 2008 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.cmc

<post type="written" generatedBy="human">
<!-- ... main content of posting ... -->
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

att.indentation

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC <post>

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t005" who="#A06"
 xml:id="cmc_post09">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc xml:lang="en">screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm"
     with the average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and
     the opening hours.</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC <post>

<post type="comment" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmc_post10" who="#u7"
 replyTo="#cmc_post09" when-iso="2015-07-29T21:44">
 <p>Es hat den Anschein, als wäre bei BER durchaus große Kompetenz am Bau, allerdings
   nicht in Form von Handwerkern….</p>
 <p>http://www.zeit.de/2015/29/imtech-flughafen-berlin-ber-verzoegerung/komplettansicht</p>
</post>
<post type="comment" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmc_post11" who="#u8"
 replyTo="#cmc_post10" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:11">
 <p>Nein Nein, an den Handwerkern kann es rein strukturel nicht gelegen haben. Niemand
   lässt seine Handwerker auf der Baustelle derart allein. Zudem gibt es höchstoffizielle
   “Abnahmen” von Bauabschnitten/phasen. Welcher Mangel auch bestanden hatte, er hätte
   Zeitnah auffallen müssen.</p>
 <p>Uuups, für Imtek hab ich mal in einer Nachunternehmerfirma gearbeitet. Imtek is
   offenbar ein universeler Bauträger, der alles baut.</p>
</post>
<post type="comment" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmc_post12" who="#u8"
 replyTo="#cmc_post11" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:26">
 <p>Stahlkunstruktionen dacht ich mal, was die bauen—oder bauen lassen.</p>
 <p>Das ist schon ein übles Ding. Die Ausschreibungenund Angebote sind unauffällig, aber
   wenn Unregelmässigkeiten auftreten (im Bauverlauf) dann gibt es die saftigen
   Rechnungen. Da steht dann der Bauherr da und fragt sich, wie er denn so schnell einen
   fähigen Ersatz herbekommt. Und diese Frage erübrigt sich meist, weil der Markt der
   Baufirmen das nicht hergibt — weil tendenziel 100 % Auslastung. (und noch schlimmer:
   Absprachen) Was auch Folge des Marktdrucks gewesen war.</p>
</post>

9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC <post>

<div type="thread" xml:id="i.10031_19">
 <head>[[WP:AUTO]]</head>
 <post indentLevel="0" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-07T03:09+00" who="#WU00010808" xml:id="cmc_post13">
  <p> I would kindly request from Mr. Meyer to allow others to edit the [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="1" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-08T03:49+00" who="#WU00010804" xml:id="cmc_post14">
  <p>I dont agree, this article is not about Dr. Meyer, [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="2" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-09-08T04:16+00" who="#WU00005520" xml:id="cmc_post15">
  <p>Why don't you read the policy. [...]</p>
 </post>
 <post indentLevel="3" modality="written"
  when-iso="2006-11-01T22:58+00" who="#WU00010815" xml:id="cmc_post16">
  <p>Because the policy makes no sense, [...]</p>
 </post>
</div>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t003" who="#A02"
 xml:id="cmc_post18" xml:lang="de"> Da kostet ein Haarschnitt 50 €
<figure type="emoji"
  generatedBy="template">
  <desc type="label" xml:lang="en">face screaming in fear</desc>
  <desc type="unicode">U+1F631</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post19" indentLevel="0" who="#u005" synch="#t005">
 <p>I'm not sure that this is a proper criterium, or even what this means. What if we set
   an explosion that breaks a comet into two pieces? What if we build a moon? Cheers,
 </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:Greenodd">Greenodd</ref> (<ref target="/wiki/User_talk:Greenodd">talk</ref>) <time>01:00, 21
     July 2011 (UTC)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written" type="tweet"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t001"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043764753502486528" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:31 </time> Heute mit super Unterstützung, wir grunzen,
wenn die Zeit vorbei ist. <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref> PS: Die beiden brauchen noch Namen. Hinweise dazu am Empfang abgeben!
<ref type="twitter-account"
  target="https://twitter.com/AndreLo79">@AndreLo79</ref>
 <figure type="image">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnwygdSW4AAoTUn.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="unspecified" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:id="cmc_post_1043769240136880128">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043767827927388160"/>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u3"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043767827927388160">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:43 </time>
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dnw1TRNXgAAKqlK.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#SYSTEM" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" ref="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

9.4.1. Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents

<teiCorpus xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<!-- a corpus, collection or dataset of CMC documents -->
 <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the corpus or CMC dataset-->
 </teiHeader>
 <TEI>
<!-- a CMC document such as a chat log or a discussion page -->
  <teiHeader>
<!-- metadata pertaining to the CMC document -->
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
   <body>
    <div>
<!-- subdivisions of the CMC document e.g. in sections or threads if applicable-->
     <post>
<!-- one post -->
     </post>
<!-- more posts -->
    </div>
   </body>
  </text>
 </TEI>
<!-- more documents -->
</teiCorpus>

9.4.2. Sequences, Sections, Threads

<div type="thread" n="0">
 <post>...</post>
 <div type="thread" n="1">
  <post> ... </post>
  <post> ... </post>
  <div type="thread" n="2">
<!-- posts -->
  </div>
 </div>
</div>

9.4.2. Sequences, Sections, Threads

<div type="thread" n="0">
 <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post01"
  who="#u7" when-iso="2015-07-29T21:44">
  <p>Es hat den Anschein, ...</p>
 </post>
 <div type="thread" n="1">
  <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post02"
   who="#u8" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:11">
   <p>Nein Nein, an den Handwerkern kann es ...</p>
  </post>
  <div type="thread" n="2">
   <post type="comment" xml:id="cmc_post03"
    who="#u8" when-iso="2015-07-30T19:26">
    <p>Stahlkunstruktionen dacht ich mal, ....</p>
   </post>
  </div>
 </div>
</div>

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<post modality="spoken" generatedBy="human"
 synch="#cmc-haircut_t004" who="#cmc-haircut_A05"
 xml:id="cmc-haircut_m9"> In Düsseldorf gibt's da so Abstufungen. Da gibt's einmal Oliver
Schmidt, Oliver Schmidt's Hair Design, also dann, ist eher also, keine Ahnung, zum
Beispiel ich war da bei dem etwas Günstigeren dann. Ich weiß nicht, ob's das in Essen auch
gibt diese Abstufungen </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t004"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A02" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m10"> Ich schau mal :) </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t005"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A06" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m11"> Ich gehe immer nach Katernberg zu Pasha’s
haarem Hahaha also die sind echt entspannt und gut und nicht teuer </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tcmc-haircut_005"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A06" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m12">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc xml:lang="en">screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm"
     with the average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and
     the opening hours. </desc>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t006"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A03" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m13"> Olivers hair und Oliver Schmidt gehören
zusammen </post>

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<text>
 <body>
  <u xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a191"
   who="#tingrabu"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts373" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts430">ok
     hm for me this presentation was hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> become too fast because it's
     always the same in our architecture school euh we have not time and hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> too quickly sorry [...]</u>
  <kinesic xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a192"
   who="#romeorez"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts376" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts377"
   type="body" subtype="kinesics">
   <desc>
    <code>eat(popcorn)</code>
   </desc>
  </kinesic>
<!-- more bodily activities of avatars -->
  <post modality="written"
   generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a195"
   who="#tfrez2"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts380" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts381"
   type="chat-message">
   <p>it went too quickly?</p>
  </post>
 </body>
</text>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <body>: --><div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post05" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="./userList.xml#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written" rend="color:black"
 who="#f2213001.A06" xml:id="cmc_post06">
 <time generatedBy="system">21:52</time>
das ist auf jedenfall krankheit

</post>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post07" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
  <date when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z">01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
 </signed>
</post>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 when="2014-04-08T01:35:00Z" who="#u006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
 </signed>
</post>

9.5.5. Timeline

<post modality="written"
 xml:id="cmc_post08" indentLevel="1" who="#u006" synch="#t006">
 <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern. </p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"> [_DELETED-SIGNATURE_]
 <date synch="#t007">[_DELETED-TIMESTAMP_]</date>
 </signed>
</post>

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

<post>
 <w pos="ADV">da</w>
 <w pos="VAFIN">bin</w>
 <w pos="PPER">ich</w>
 <w pos="PTKNEG">nicht</w>
 <w pos="ADV">so</w>
 <w pos="ADJD">empfindlich</w>
 <w pos="EMOASC">;)</w>
</post>

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#lscLB.t004" who="#lscLB.A03"
 xml:id="cmc_post21">
 <w pos="ADV">Klar</w>
 <w pos="EMOIMG">😁</w>
</post>

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

<post xml:lang="de">Da kostet ein Haarschnitt 50 € <c type="emoji" ana="#fsif"
  generatedBy="template">😱</c>
</post>

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#lscLB.t004" who="#lscLB.A03"
 xml:id="cmc_post22"> ... ich überlege noch <figure type="emoji"
  generatedBy="template">
  <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
  <desc type="gloss" xml:lang="en">see no evil monkey</desc>
  <desc type="unicode">U+1F648</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.6.2. Posts with Graphics

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t005" who="#A06"
 xml:id="cmc_post23">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc>screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm" with the
     average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and the
     opening hours. </desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.6.2. Posts with Graphics

<post type="tweet" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t006"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043823300479258624" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 16:24 </time> Bro Tri-Engel...so hab ich mir das
vorgestellt!!! @AndreLo79 #bcrn18 #wikidach @Heiko komm' mal Twitter! #Engel <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnxnwN9XsAEHXw2.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

9.6.3. Circulation

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796550101716993" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t004" xml:lang="de">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043796093786566656"/> Ich mich auch? <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dynamicduo?src=hash">#dynamicduo</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wirk%C3%BCmmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang?src=hash">#wirkümmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u2"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t003" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796093786566656">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 14:35 </time> Immer wieder gerne. Kann ich mich schon für
nächstes Jahr als Empfangs- <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Engel?src=hash">#Engel</ref> für das nächste
BarCamp bewerben <w pos="EMO">🤪</w>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <trailer>
  <fs>
   <f name="favoritecount">
    <numeric value="4"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </trailer>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.a" who="#A03.a"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.a">
 <time>00:22</time>
 <w>Bin</w>
 <w>soooooo</w>
 <w>im</w>
 <w>stress</w>
 <w>gewesen</w>
 <w>ich</w>
 <w>Armer</w>
 <w>lol</w>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.b" who="#A03.b"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.b">
 <time> 00:22 </time>
 <w>Bin</w>
 <w norm="so">soooooo</w>
 <w>im</w>
 <w norm="Stress">stress</w>
 <w>gewesen</w>
 <w>ich</w>
 <w>Armer</w>
 <w>lol</w>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post>
 <w>In</w>
 <w join="left">my</w>
 <w join="left">office</w>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post>
 <choice>
  <orig>
   <w pos="VAPPER" lemma="">hastes</w>
  </orig>
  <reg>
   <w pos="VAFIN" lemma="haben">hast</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="du">du</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="es">es</w>
  </reg>
 </choice>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.c" who="#A03.c"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.c">
 <time> 00:22 </time>
 <w lemma="sein" pos="VAFIN" xml:id="m16.t9">Bin</w>
 <w lemma="so" norm="so" pos="PTKIFG"
  xml:id="m16.t10">soooooo</w>
 <w lemma="in" pos="APPRART"
  xml:id="m16.t11">im</w>
 <w lemma="Stress" norm="Stress" pos="NN"
  xml:id="m16.t12">stress</w>
 <w lemma="sein" pos="VAPP" xml:id="m16.t13">gewesen</w>
 <w lemma="ich" pos="PPER" xml:id="m16.t14">ich</w>
 <w lemma="Armer" pos="NN" xml:id="m16.t15">Armer</w>
 <w lemma="lol" pos="AKW" xml:id="m16.t16">lol</w>
</post>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black" synch="#f2213001.t007"
 type="standard" who="#f2213001.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001.A04" type="NICK">
  <w lemma="Konstanze" pos="NE"
   xml:id="f2213001.m27.t1">Konstanze</w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
 <name ref="#f2213001.A03" type="NICK">
  <w lemma="Nasenloch" pos="NN">nasenloch</w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="die" pos="ART">den</w>
 <w lemma="Wunsch" pos="NN">wunsch</w>
 <w lemma="zu" pos="PTKZU">zu</w>
 <w lemma="erfüllen" pos="VVINF">erfüllen</w>
<!-- ... -->
</post>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001a.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001a.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001a.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001a.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_FEMALE-PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A03" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NN">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="die" pos="ART">den</w>
 <w lemma="Wunsch" pos="NN">wunsch</w>
 <w lemma="zu" pos="PTKZU">zu</w>
 <w lemma="erfüllen" pos="VVINF">erfüllen</w>
<!-- ... -->
</post>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001p.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001p.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001p.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001p.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001p.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="pseudonymization"
    unit="token" quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="pseudonymization">Kornelia</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
<!-- the rest of the post -->
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A05" rend="color:red">
 <p>oh ja, in die Wärme...</p>
</post>
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A03" rend="color:red">
 <p>nein, hast du nicht !!</p>
</post>

<post>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="system">
  <persName>system</persName>
 </person>
<!-- ... -->
</listPerson>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="event" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A02" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> hechtet zum Steuer </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A03" rend="color:green">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">schwank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
<!-- ... -->
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW">seekrank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
 </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A02" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="acronym">lol</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w> ... </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" rend="color:black">
 <p>
  <phr type="AKW">
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
   <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> einen fallschirm <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">umbind</w>
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  </phr>
 </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" rend="color:black">
 <p> naja, der war gestrandet <w type="emoticon" subtype="ascii">:(</w>
 </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" when="2015-11-18">
 <p>
  <ref corresp="#A02"
   target="https://twitter.com/textarchiv">
   <w type="ADRIND">@</w>
   <w type="ADR">textarchiv</w>
  </ref> Erfurter
   Europäische Welt- und Staats-Geschichte: 20 Ausgaben von 1744 aus dem MKHZ
   bereits in DTAQ <ref target="http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/dtaq/about"> http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/dtaq/about</ref>
  <ref target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dtaclarin14?src=hash">
   <w type="hashtag">#dtaclarin14</w>
  </ref>
 </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="3" synch="#t02622878" who="#WU00018921">
 <p> Wie du siehst hab ich die Lemma geändert, danke für den Hinweis, ich war nämlich
   selbst auch etwas unsicher bei der ganzen Sache und bin jetzt damit auch viel
   glücklicher!--</p>
 <signed rend="inline"
  generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

<post>

<post xml:id="p5" type="comment" who="#u4"
 synch="#t005" replyTo="#p4">
 <p>“Wenn Sie diesen Gruppen also “mangelnde Bildung“ attestieren wollen, so
   verwenden Sie bereits einen bestimmten, kulturgebundenen Bildungsbegriff.”</p>
 <p>Ich hoffe doch, wir können beim Bildungsbegriff der Aufklärung bleiben. Wer das
   nicht möchte, hat die Wissenschaft verlassen.</p>
</post>

<post>

<post when="1990-10-11" who="#dmerritt"
 xml:id="sgml-tei-3" replyTo="#sgml-tei-1">
 <time generatedBy="system">04:37:51 UTC</time>
 <p>
  <seg generatedBy="system">In article
  <ref target="#sgml-tei-1"><2****.**********0@m*******.***.*****.**c.uk></ref> S.*.*.*****z@e**.*****.**c.uk (Sebastian Rahtz) writes:</seg>
  <cit>
   <bibl>[for] Lou Burnard:</bibl>
   <quote>the Text Encoding Initiative document is a many-splendoured thing,
       redolent of the mysterious east, caribbean evenings and the scent of
       fresh pine in the himalayas [...]</quote>
  </cit>
 </p>
 <p>Very poetic.</p>
 <p>But really, what is it?</p>
 <signed generatedBy="human">Doug</signed>
 <signed generatedBy="template">Doug Merritt ****@e***.********y.edu (ucbvax!eris!doug) or uunet.uu.net!crossck!dougm
 </signed>
</post>

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C Elements

<superEntry>

<superEntry> (super entry) groups a sequence of entries within any kind of lexical resource, such as a dictionary or lexicon which function as a single unit, for example a set of homographs. [10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure]

Deprecated
will be removed on 2027-03-07

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.entryLike

@type

att.typed

type

@subtype

att.sortable

@sortKey

Member of

model.entryLike model.entryPart

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set

figures: figure

linking: standOff

namesdates: nym

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

May contain

dictionaries: dictScrap entry form

Example

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="form" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="entry" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <elementRef key="dictScrap"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element superEntry
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.entryLike.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   ( ( form?, entry+ ) | dictScrap )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <superEntry> (super entry)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <superEntry> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <superEntry> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>homme</orth>
  <hyph>hom|me</hyph>
  <pron>óm</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>Etre appartenant à l'espèce animale la plus évoluée de la Terre</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Etre humain mâle et (le plus souvent) adulte.</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

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C Elements

<entry>

<entry> (entry) contains a single structured entry in any kind of lexical resource, such as a dictionary or lexicon. [10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure 10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.entryLike

@type

att.typed

type

@subtype

att.sortable

@sortKey

Member of

model.entryLike model.entryPart.top

Contained by

dictionaries: entry hom re sense superEntry

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set

figures: figure

linking: standOff

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp pc span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit ellipsis gap gb index lb listBibl milestone note noteGrp pb ptr ref

dictionaries: def dictScrap entry etym form gramGrp hom lbl re sense usg xr

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: listRef

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

Like all elements, entry inherits an xml:id attribute from the class global. No restrictions are placed on the method used to construct xml:ids; one convenient method is to use the orthographic form of the headword, appending a disambiguating number where necessary. Identification codes are sometimes included on machine-readable tapes of dictionaries for in-house use.

It is recommended to use the sense element even for an entry that has only one sense to group together all parts of the definition relating to the word sense since this leads to more consistent encoding across entries.

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron>dIs"pru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="hom"/>
  <elementRef key="sense"/>
  <elementRef key="pc"/>
  <classRef key="model.entryPart.top"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element entry
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.entryLike.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   ( hom | sense | pc | model.entryPart.top | model.global | model.ptrLike )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <entry> (entry)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <entry> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <entry> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

10. Dictionaries

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="pos"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="adj"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157"/>
</listPrefixDef>
<!-- ... -->
<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="ccr:pos"
   valueDatcat="ccr:adj">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>to horrify</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>horrifier</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="zh">
  <quote>使驚嚇</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="zh">
   <quote>成本把她嚇呆了。</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>to horrify</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<body>
 <div>
  <head>English-French</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>dog</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>horse</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>French-English</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chien</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cheval</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
</body>

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<body>
 <entry>
  <form>
   <orth>manifestation</orth>
<!-- demonstration -->
  </form>
 </entry>
 <entry>
  <form>
   <orth>émeute</orth>
<!-- riot -->
  </form>
 </entry>
 <entry type="homograph">
  <entry n="1">
   <form>
    <orth>grève</orth>
<!-- strike -->
   </form>
  </entry>
  <entry n="2">
   <form>
    <orth>grève</orth>
<!-- shore -->
   </form>
  </entry>
 </entry>
</body>

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels

<entry>
 <sense n="1"/>
 <sense n="2"/>
</entry>

10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels

<entry>
 <hom n="1">
  <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom n="2">
  <sense n="1">
   <sense n="a">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
   <sense n="b">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="3">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels

<entry>
 <entry n="1" type="hom">
  <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2" type="hom">
  <sense n="1">
   <sense n="a">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
   <sense n="b">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="3">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>homme</orth>
  <hyph>hom|me</hyph>
  <pron>óm</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>Etre appartenant à l'espèce animale la plus évoluée de la Terre</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Etre humain mâle et (le plus souvent) adulte.</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron>dIs"pru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>poussin</orth>
  <pron>[pusë]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>m.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">Jeune poulet, nouvellement sorti de l'oeuf, encore couvert de duvet. La poule
   et ses poussins.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Zool. Jeune oiseau (par rapport aux adultes, aux parents). </sense>
 <sense n="3"> (êtres humains) <def n="1">Fam. Terme d'affection (enfant). </def>
  <def n="2"> Sports. Catégorie d'âge (9 ans) qui précède celle des benjamins.</def>
  <def n="3">Elève de première année dans certaines écoles (Air,
     Aéronautique).</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>證明</orth>
  <pron>zheng-meng</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>可靠的證據或事實</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>用可靠的證據或事實來表明或斷定人或事物的真實性。</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>canon</orth>
  <pron>[kanö] </pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Pièce d'artillerie servant à lancer des projectiles lourds.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Théol. Loi ecclésiastique.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>軍階名；技藝優良的人。</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>統率軍隊</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>cattleya </orth> ou <orth>catleya</orth>
  <pron>[katleja]</pron>
  <def>Orchidée épiphyte, originaire d'Amérique tropicale, et dont l'espèce la plus connue
     est très recherchée pour l'élégance de ses fleurs mauves à grand labelle en cornet
     onduleux.</def>
  <etym>1845 cattleye (BESCH.); 1893 cattleya (Gde Encyclop.). Lat. sc. cattleya, nom
     donné par John Lindley, botaniste angl. (1799-1865) à un genre d'orchidées en hommage
     au botaniste angl. W. Cattley (NED. Suppl.; DEI et Gde Encyclop.) </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
  <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
  <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
  <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
  </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">dɪsˈpru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>MTBF</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abbreviation for</lbl>
  <orth>mean time between failures</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

<form>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>zaptié</orth>
  <orth>zaptyé</orth>
 </form>
 <def>Gendarme ottoman</def>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>obverse</orth>
  <pron>'äb-`ərs</pron>,
 <pron extent="pref">äb-`</pron>, <pron extent="pref">əb-`</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>amygdale</orth>
  <pron extent="full">[ami(g)dal]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>transcription</orth>
  <pron notation="IPA">trænskrɪpʃən</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demi-dieu</orth>
  <hyph>demi|dieu</hyph>
  <pron>[d(th)midjø]</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">noun</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculine</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">nom</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculin</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">名詞</gram>
  <gram type="gen">陽性</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>noun</pos>
  <gen>masculine</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>nom</pos>
  <gen>masculin</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
  <gen>陽性</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>épousailles</orth>
  <pron>[epuzaj]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl.</number>
  <pos>n.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>複數</number>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<case>

<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitive"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<case>

<q rend="display">Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...</q>
<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitiv"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="fléchie">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">wɪts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <number>sometimes singular</number>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the ability to reason and act, esp quickly …</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verb</pos>
  <subc>intransitive</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verbe</pos>
  <subc>intransitif</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>動詞</pos>
  <subc>不及物的</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>t ind</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>trans. ind.</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>cloth（布料）</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>不可數</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>說</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>到</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <pron> … </pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <sense n="a">
   <def>a being who is part mortal, part god.</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="b">
   <def>a lesser deity.</def>
  </sense>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>a godlike person.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>compétiteur</orth>
  <hyph>com|péti|teur</hyph>
  <pron> [köpetitœR]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>Personne qui entre en compétition.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>物體受振動所發出的聲響；人口裡發出的聲響或腔調。</def>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>OAS</quote>
  <def>illegal military organization supporting French rule of
     Algeria</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abismo</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>del <lang>gr.</lang>
  <mentioned>a</mentioned> priv. y <mentioned>byssos</mentioned>,
 <gloss>fondo</gloss>
 </etym>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <etym>
  <lang>F</lang> fr. <lang>ML</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <mentioned>neuma</mentioned> fr. <lang>Gk</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <gloss>breath</gloss>
  <xr type="etym">more at <ptr target="#pneumatic"/>
  </xr>
 </etym>
 <sense>
  <def>any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant
<!-- ... -->
  </def>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="pneumatic">
 <etym>
<!-- ... -->
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. 2d <ref>-ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry> (From: Webster's Second International)

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>weekend</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="borrowing">
  <lbl>source:</lbl>
  <lang>English</lang>
  <oRef>weekend</oRef>
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>Handschuh</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="compounding">
  <oRef>Hand</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ˈhant</pRef>): <gloss>hand</gloss>,
 <etym type="metaphor">
   <oRef>Schuh</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ʃuː</pRef>): <gloss>shoe</gloss>
  </etym>
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. <ref>2d -ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>to horrify</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<entry>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>reseating</quote>
  <quote>rebottoming</quote>
  <usg type="hint">with straw</usg>
 </cit>
</entry>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>MTBF</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abbrev. for</lbl>
  <orth>mean time between failures</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>cf.</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abréviation pour</lbl>
  <orth>confer</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>台大</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>縮寫</lbl>
  <orth>台灣大學</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>glee</orth>
 </form>
 <xr>Compare <ptr target="#madrigal.1"/>
 </xr>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="madrigal.1">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry n="2">
 <form>
  <orth>rose</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="inflectedForm">
  <lbl>the past tense of</lbl>
  <ref target="#rise">rise</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="rise">
 <form>
  <orth>rise</orth>
 </form>
<!-- main entry for "rise" as verb -->
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr type="synonym">
 <lbl>syn see</lbl>
 <ref target="#adverse">adverse</ref>
</xr>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="adverse">
 <form>
  <orth>adverse</orth>
 </form>
<!-- list of synonyms for "adverse" -->
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="dom">imprim</usg>
 <def>Donner a (une ligne) une longeur convenable au moyen de
 <ref target="#blanc-2.1.3">blancs (2, sens 1, 3)</ref>
 </def>
</sense>
<entry xml:id="blanc" n="2">
<!-- ... -->
 <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  <def xml:id="blanc-2.1.3">...</def>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lavage</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>[Fr. < <mentioned>laver</mentioned>; L. <mentioned>lavare</mentioned>, to wash;
 <xr>see <ref>lather</ref>
  </xr>]. </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>clef</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. <ref>clé</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>癲</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>詩經．大雅．雲漢：<mentioned>瘨</mentioned>，病、使困苦； <xr>參見 <ref>癲</ref>
  </xr>。 </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">同義詞：請見 <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. see <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries

<entry>
 <form type="contraction">
  <orth>neither</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈnaɪðə</pron>,
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈni:ðə</pron>
 </form>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>neither foot is swollen</quote>
 </cit>
 <note type="usage">A verb following a compound subject
   that uses <hi rend="italic">neither</hi>… should be
   in the singular if both subjects are in the singular:
 <hi rend="italic">neither Jack nor John has done the work</hi>
 </note>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>neu·ral</orth>
  <pron>'n(y)ūr-əl</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>of, relating to, or affecting a nerve or the nervous system</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>neurally</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">-ə-lē</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adv</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>siphonner</orth>
  <pron>[sifóne]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>v.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>Faire fonctionner un siphon, transvaser (un liquide) au moyen d'un siphon.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>siphonnage</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">[as]</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>politique</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <def>Art de conduire les affaires de l'Etat</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>Ligne de conduite raisonnée</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <def>Habileté manifestée dans les rapports avec les autres et qui consiste essentiellement
     à amener autrui à faire ce que l'on désire, sans pour autant dévoiler ses propres
     intentions.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicisme</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>théorie selon laquelle les événements et les transformations historiques sont
       dus essentiellement à la politique et à ses évolutions</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politiciste</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>qui relève du politicisme ou lui est propre</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicomanie</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>manie de la politique</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicaille</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>politique envisagée sous un angle déprécié ou méprisable</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>kilo-</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>élém. formant</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>entrant dans la constr. de subst. désignant des unités de mesure, dans tous les
     domaines de la phys., valant mille fois l'unité de base </def> ; <xr>v. <ref>kilogramme,
       kilogrammètre, kilomètre, kilotonne, kilowatt et aussi : </ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilocalorie </orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def> unité de mesure de quantité de chaleur valant mille calories (<abbr type="symb">symb. kcal</abbr>)</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilohertz</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>Unité de mesure de fréquence valant mille hertz (<abbr type="symb">kHz</abbr>
       )</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilojoule</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de travail valant mille joules (<abbr type="symb">kJ</abbr>)
   </def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kiloparsec</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de longueur astronomique valant mille parsecs</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilovolt</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de différences de potentiel, valant mille volts (<abbr type="symb">kv</abbr>)</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>調皮</orth>
  <pron>tiau2 pi2</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>不馴順；狡猾不易對付。</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>調皮地</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">tiau2 pi2 de</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>副詞</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth> abeja </orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen> 陰性 </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> 昆蟲學</usg>,<def> 蜜蜂 </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> 忙碌的蜜蜂，工作狂 </def>。</sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> 天文學 </usg>, <def> 蒼蠅座</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>石巢蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 木匠蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o1"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 女王蜂</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o2"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 工蜂 </def> 。</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> (ento.) </usg>
  <def> bee </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> busy bee, hard worker </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> (astron.) </usg>, <def> Musca </def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o3"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o4"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> queen bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o4"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o3"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain">(ento.)</usg>
  <def>bee</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>busy bee, hard worker</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain">(astron.)</usg>, <def>Musca</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila">abeja albanila</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera">abeja carpintera</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra">abeja reina</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o1">abeja maestra</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>queen bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera">abeja neutra</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o2">abeja obrera</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>. </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth xml:id="di-o1">vag-</orth>
  <orth xml:id="di-o2">vago-</orth>
 </form>
 <def>vagus nerve</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o1" type="noHyph"/>al</quote>
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o2" type="noHyph"/>tomy</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>academy</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>The Royal <oRef type="cap"/> of Arts</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>fait-tout</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <q>Des casseroles et des "<oRef type="noHyph"/>faitouts" pour les ménagères.</q>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>學院</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>皇家藝術<oRef/>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<pRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>umfahren</orth>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren1">umf'ahren</pron>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren2">'umfahren</pron>
 </form>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul musste die Pfütze <pRef target="#umfahren1"/>, wenn er nicht nass werden wollte.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul wollte das Schild nicht absichtlich <pRef target="#umfahren2"/> und beschädigen.</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>biryani</orth>
  <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron rend="noleftparen">%bIrI"A:nI</pron>
 </form>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes … </def>
 <etym>from <lang>Urdu</lang>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"
   valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

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C Elements

<entryFree>

<entryFree> (unstructured entry) contains a single unstructured entry in any kind of lexical resource, such as a dictionary or lexicon. [10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure 10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.entryLike

@type

att.typed

type

@subtype

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.sortable

@sortKey

Member of

model.entryLike

Contained by

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set

figures: figure

linking: standOff

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth pRef per pos pron re sense subc superEntry syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain any dictionary elements in any combination.

Example

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.entryPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.morphLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element entryFree
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.entryLike.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.entryPart
    | model.morphLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <entryFree> (unstructured entry)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <entryFree> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <entryFree> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

10. Dictionaries

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<cb>

<pb/>
<cb n="1"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Well</form>, <sense>a Pit to hold Spring-Water</sense>:
<sense>In the Art of <hi rend="italic">War</hi>, a Depth the Miner
   sinks into the Ground, to find out and disappoint the Enemies Mines,
   or to prepare one</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>To <form>Welter</form>, <sense>to wallow</sense>, or
<sense>lie groveling</sense>.</entryFree>
<!-- remainder of column -->
<cb n="2"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Wey</form>, <sense>the greatest Measure for dry Things,
   containing five Chaldron</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>
 <form>Whale</form>, <sense>the greatest of
   Sea-Fishes</sense>.
</entryFree>

10. Dictionaries

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>langouste</orth>
  <pron>[lägust]</pron>
 </form>
 <pos>n.</pos>
 <gen> f. </gen>
 <sense n="1">Grand crustacé marin (Décapodes macroures) aux pattes antérieures dépourvues
   de pinces, aux antennes longues et fortes, et dont la chair est très appréciée.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Fig. et fam. (vulg.). Femme, maîtresse.</sense>
 <etym>XIIIe ; languste, v. 1120, «sauterelle»; encore dans Corneille (Hymnes, 7) ; anc.
   provençal langosta, altér. du lat. class. locusta «sauterelle». </etym>
</entryFree>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
 <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
 <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
 <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
 </etym>
</entryFree>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <hyph>demi|god</hyph>
  <pron>"demIgQd</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def>
 <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg
 <mentioned>Hercules</mentioned>
 </def>
 <pron>"h3:kjUli:z</pron>
</entryFree>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

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C Elements

<hom>

<hom> (homograph) groups information relating to one homograph within an entry. [10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.entryPart

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entry entryFree

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp pc span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: bibl biblStruct cb cit ellipsis gap gb index lb listBibl milestone note noteGrp pb

dictionaries: def dictScrap entry etym form gramGrp lbl re sense usg xr

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="sense"/>
  <elementRef key="pc"/>
  <classRef key="model.entryPart.top"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element hom
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   ( sense | pc | model.entryPart.top | model.global )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <hom> (homograph)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <hom> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <hom> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels

<entry>
 <hom n="1">
  <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom n="2">
  <sense n="1">
   <sense n="a">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
   <sense n="b">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="3">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>canon</orth>
  <pron>[kanö] </pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Pièce d'artillerie servant à lancer des projectiles lourds.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Théol. Loi ecclésiastique.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>軍階名；技藝優良的人。</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>統率軍隊</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

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C Elements

<sense>

<sense> groups together all information relating to one word sense in a dictionary entry, for example definitions, examples, and translation equivalents. [10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

level level⚓︎
gives the nesting depth of this sense.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Member of

model.entryPart

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entry entryFree hom re sense

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: def dictScrap entry etym form gramGrp lang lbl oRef pRef re sense usg xr

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain character data mixed with any other elements defined in the dictionary tag set.

Example

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="sense"/>
  <classRef key="model.entryPart.top"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element sense
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   attribute level { teidata.count }?,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | sense
    | model.entryPart.top
    | model.phrase
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <sense>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <sense> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <sense> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

10. Dictionaries

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<cb>

<pb/>
<cb n="1"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Well</form>, <sense>a Pit to hold Spring-Water</sense>:
<sense>In the Art of <hi rend="italic">War</hi>, a Depth the Miner
   sinks into the Ground, to find out and disappoint the Enemies Mines,
   or to prepare one</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>To <form>Welter</form>, <sense>to wallow</sense>, or
<sense>lie groveling</sense>.</entryFree>
<!-- remainder of column -->
<cb n="2"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Wey</form>, <sense>the greatest Measure for dry Things,
   containing five Chaldron</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>
 <form>Whale</form>, <sense>the greatest of
   Sea-Fishes</sense>.
</entryFree>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels

<entry>
 <sense n="1"/>
 <sense n="2"/>
</entry>

10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels

<entry>
 <hom n="1">
  <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom n="2">
  <sense n="1">
   <sense n="a">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
   <sense n="b">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="3">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.1. Hierarchical Levels

<entry>
 <entry n="1" type="hom">
  <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2" type="hom">
  <sense n="1">
   <sense n="a">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
   <sense n="b">
<!-- ... -->
   </sense>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
  <sense n="3">
<!-- ... -->
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>homme</orth>
  <hyph>hom|me</hyph>
  <pron>óm</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>Etre appartenant à l'espèce animale la plus évoluée de la Terre</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Etre humain mâle et (le plus souvent) adulte.</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron>dIs"pru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>poussin</orth>
  <pron>[pusë]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>m.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">Jeune poulet, nouvellement sorti de l'oeuf, encore couvert de duvet. La poule
   et ses poussins.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Zool. Jeune oiseau (par rapport aux adultes, aux parents). </sense>
 <sense n="3"> (êtres humains) <def n="1">Fam. Terme d'affection (enfant). </def>
  <def n="2"> Sports. Catégorie d'âge (9 ans) qui précède celle des benjamins.</def>
  <def n="3">Elève de première année dans certaines écoles (Air,
     Aéronautique).</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>證明</orth>
  <pron>zheng-meng</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>可靠的證據或事實</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>用可靠的證據或事實來表明或斷定人或事物的真實性。</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>langouste</orth>
  <pron>[lägust]</pron>
 </form>
 <pos>n.</pos>
 <gen> f. </gen>
 <sense n="1">Grand crustacé marin (Décapodes macroures) aux pattes antérieures dépourvues
   de pinces, aux antennes longues et fortes, et dont la chair est très appréciée.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Fig. et fam. (vulg.). Femme, maîtresse.</sense>
 <etym>XIIIe ; languste, v. 1120, «sauterelle»; encore dans Corneille (Hymnes, 7) ; anc.
   provençal langosta, altér. du lat. class. locusta «sauterelle». </etym>
</entryFree>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années.</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
   <title>Le Cid</title>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">現代</usg>
 <def>胭脂和香粉，舊時借指婦女</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>那一年頌蓮留著齊耳的短髮，用一條天藍色的緞帶箍住，她的臉是圓圓的，不施脂粉，但顯得有點蒼白。</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>蘇童</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">dɪsˈpru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">wɪts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <number>sometimes singular</number>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the ability to reason and act, esp quickly …</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <pron> … </pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <sense n="a">
   <def>a being who is part mortal, part god.</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="b">
   <def>a lesser deity.</def>
  </sense>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>a godlike person.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <etym>
  <lang>F</lang> fr. <lang>ML</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <mentioned>neuma</mentioned> fr. <lang>Gk</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <gloss>breath</gloss>
  <xr type="etym">more at <ptr target="#pneumatic"/>
  </xr>
 </etym>
 <sense>
  <def>any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant
<!-- ... -->
  </def>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="pneumatic">
 <etym>
<!-- ... -->
 </etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="colloc">
  <oRef type="cap"/> and <mentioned>any</mentioned> are used with
 <mentioned>more</mentioned>
 </usg>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>Give me <oRef/> more</quote>
  <pron extent="part">s@'mO:(r)</pron>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<sense n="a">
 <usg type="dom">Peinture</usg>
 <usg type="style">lit</usg>
 <usg type="style">fig</usg>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>palette</quote>
 </cit>
</sense>
<sense n="b">
 <usg type="dom">Boucherie</usg>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>shoulder</quote>
 </cit>
</sense>
<sense n="c">
 <sense>
  <usg type="syn">aube de roue</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>paddle</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
 <sense>
  <usg type="syn">battoir à linge</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>beetle</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Manutention</usg>
  <usg type="dom">Constr</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>pallet</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
</sense>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="dom">imprim</usg>
 <def>Donner a (une ligne) une longeur convenable au moyen de
 <ref target="#blanc-2.1.3">blancs (2, sens 1, 3)</ref>
 </def>
</sense>
<entry xml:id="blanc" n="2">
<!-- ... -->
 <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  <def xml:id="blanc-2.1.3">...</def>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>neu·ral</orth>
  <pron>'n(y)ūr-əl</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>of, relating to, or affecting a nerve or the nervous system</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>neurally</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">-ə-lē</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adv</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>siphonner</orth>
  <pron>[sifóne]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>v.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>Faire fonctionner un siphon, transvaser (un liquide) au moyen d'un siphon.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>siphonnage</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">[as]</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>politique</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <def>Art de conduire les affaires de l'Etat</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>Ligne de conduite raisonnée</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <def>Habileté manifestée dans les rapports avec les autres et qui consiste essentiellement
     à amener autrui à faire ce que l'on désire, sans pour autant dévoiler ses propres
     intentions.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicisme</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>théorie selon laquelle les événements et les transformations historiques sont
       dus essentiellement à la politique et à ses évolutions</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politiciste</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>qui relève du politicisme ou lui est propre</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicomanie</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>manie de la politique</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicaille</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>politique envisagée sous un angle déprécié ou méprisable</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>kilo-</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>élém. formant</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>entrant dans la constr. de subst. désignant des unités de mesure, dans tous les
     domaines de la phys., valant mille fois l'unité de base </def> ; <xr>v. <ref>kilogramme,
       kilogrammètre, kilomètre, kilotonne, kilowatt et aussi : </ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilocalorie </orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def> unité de mesure de quantité de chaleur valant mille calories (<abbr type="symb">symb. kcal</abbr>)</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilohertz</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>Unité de mesure de fréquence valant mille hertz (<abbr type="symb">kHz</abbr>
       )</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilojoule</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de travail valant mille joules (<abbr type="symb">kJ</abbr>)
   </def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kiloparsec</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de longueur astronomique valant mille parsecs</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilovolt</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de différences de potentiel, valant mille volts (<abbr type="symb">kv</abbr>)</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>調皮</orth>
  <pron>tiau2 pi2</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>不馴順；狡猾不易對付。</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>調皮地</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">tiau2 pi2 de</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>副詞</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth> abeja </orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen> 陰性 </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> 昆蟲學</usg>,<def> 蜜蜂 </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> 忙碌的蜜蜂，工作狂 </def>。</sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> 天文學 </usg>, <def> 蒼蠅座</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>石巢蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 木匠蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o1"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 女王蜂</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o2"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 工蜂 </def> 。</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> (ento.) </usg>
  <def> bee </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> busy bee, hard worker </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> (astron.) </usg>, <def> Musca </def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o3"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o4"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> queen bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o4"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o3"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain">(ento.)</usg>
  <def>bee</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>busy bee, hard worker</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain">(astron.)</usg>, <def>Musca</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila">abeja albanila</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera">abeja carpintera</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra">abeja reina</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o1">abeja maestra</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>queen bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera">abeja neutra</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o2">abeja obrera</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>. </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<sense n="1">
 <def>coloured
   chalk made into crayons</def>
 <def>picture drawn with coloured chalk
   made into crayons</def>
</sense>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<sense n="1">
 <def next="#d2" xml:id="d1" opt="true">picture drawn
   with</def>
 <def prev="#d1" xml:id="d2">coloured chalk made into
   crayons</def>
</sense>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<dictScrap>

<dictScrap> (dictionary scrap) encloses a part of a dictionary entry in which other phrase-level dictionary elements are freely combined. [10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure 10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.entryPart.top

Contained by

dictionaries: entry hom re sense superEntry

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth pRef per pos pron re sense subc superEntry syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain any dictionary elements in any combination.

This element is used to mark part of a dictionary entry in which lower level dictionary elements appear, but which does not itself form an identifiable structural unit.

Example

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.entryPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.morphLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element dictScrap
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.entryPart
    | model.morphLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <dictScrap> (dictionary scrap)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <dictScrap> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <dictScrap> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>cattleya </orth> ou <orth>catleya</orth>
  <pron>[katleja]</pron>
  <def>Orchidée épiphyte, originaire d'Amérique tropicale, et dont l'espèce la plus connue
     est très recherchée pour l'élégance de ses fleurs mauves à grand labelle en cornet
     onduleux.</def>
  <etym>1845 cattleye (BESCH.); 1893 cattleya (Gde Encyclop.). Lat. sc. cattleya, nom
     donné par John Lindley, botaniste angl. (1799-1865) à un genre d'orchidées en hommage
     au botaniste angl. W. Cattley (NED. Suppl.; DEI et Gde Encyclop.) </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
  <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
  <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
  <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
  </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<form>

<form> (form information group) groups all the information on the written and spoken forms of one headword. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
classifies form as simple, compound, etc.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

simple

single free lexical item

lemma

the headword itself

variant

a variant form

compound

word formed from simple lexical items

derivative

word derived from headword

inflected

word in other than usual dictionary form

phrase

multiple-word lexical item

Member of

model.entryPart model.entryPart.top model.formPart

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entry entryFree form hom re sense superEntry

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth pRef per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<form>
 <orth>zaptié</orth>
 <orth>zaptyé</orth>
</form>

Show all ⚓︎

(from TLFi)

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.formPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element form
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      "simple"
    | "lemma"
    | "variant"
    | "compound"
    | "derivative"
    | "inflected"
    | "phrase"
    | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.formPart
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <form> (form information group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <form> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <form> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

10. Dictionaries

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="pos"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="adj"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157"/>
</listPrefixDef>
<!-- ... -->
<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="ccr:pos"
   valueDatcat="ccr:adj">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>to horrify</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>horrifier</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="zh">
  <quote>使驚嚇</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="zh">
   <quote>成本把她嚇呆了。</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>to horrify</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cb>

<pb/>
<cb n="1"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Well</form>, <sense>a Pit to hold Spring-Water</sense>:
<sense>In the Art of <hi rend="italic">War</hi>, a Depth the Miner
   sinks into the Ground, to find out and disappoint the Enemies Mines,
   or to prepare one</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>To <form>Welter</form>, <sense>to wallow</sense>, or
<sense>lie groveling</sense>.</entryFree>
<!-- remainder of column -->
<cb n="2"/>
<entryFree>
 <form>Wey</form>, <sense>the greatest Measure for dry Things,
   containing five Chaldron</sense>.
</entryFree>
<entryFree>
 <form>Whale</form>, <sense>the greatest of
   Sea-Fishes</sense>.
</entryFree>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<body>
 <div>
  <head>English-French</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>dog</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>horse</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>French-English</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chien</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cheval</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
</body>

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<body>
 <entry>
  <form>
   <orth>manifestation</orth>
<!-- demonstration -->
  </form>
 </entry>
 <entry>
  <form>
   <orth>émeute</orth>
<!-- riot -->
  </form>
 </entry>
 <entry type="homograph">
  <entry n="1">
   <form>
    <orth>grève</orth>
<!-- strike -->
   </form>
  </entry>
  <entry n="2">
   <form>
    <orth>grève</orth>
<!-- shore -->
   </form>
  </entry>
 </entry>
</body>

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>homme</orth>
  <hyph>hom|me</hyph>
  <pron>óm</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>Etre appartenant à l'espèce animale la plus évoluée de la Terre</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Etre humain mâle et (le plus souvent) adulte.</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron>dIs"pru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>poussin</orth>
  <pron>[pusë]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>m.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">Jeune poulet, nouvellement sorti de l'oeuf, encore couvert de duvet. La poule
   et ses poussins.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Zool. Jeune oiseau (par rapport aux adultes, aux parents). </sense>
 <sense n="3"> (êtres humains) <def n="1">Fam. Terme d'affection (enfant). </def>
  <def n="2"> Sports. Catégorie d'âge (9 ans) qui précède celle des benjamins.</def>
  <def n="3">Elève de première année dans certaines écoles (Air,
     Aéronautique).</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>證明</orth>
  <pron>zheng-meng</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>可靠的證據或事實</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>用可靠的證據或事實來表明或斷定人或事物的真實性。</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>langouste</orth>
  <pron>[lägust]</pron>
 </form>
 <pos>n.</pos>
 <gen> f. </gen>
 <sense n="1">Grand crustacé marin (Décapodes macroures) aux pattes antérieures dépourvues
   de pinces, aux antennes longues et fortes, et dont la chair est très appréciée.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Fig. et fam. (vulg.). Femme, maîtresse.</sense>
 <etym>XIIIe ; languste, v. 1120, «sauterelle»; encore dans Corneille (Hymnes, 7) ; anc.
   provençal langosta, altér. du lat. class. locusta «sauterelle». </etym>
</entryFree>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>canon</orth>
  <pron>[kanö] </pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Pièce d'artillerie servant à lancer des projectiles lourds.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Théol. Loi ecclésiastique.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>軍階名；技藝優良的人。</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>統率軍隊</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">dɪsˈpru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>doom-laden</orth>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>soucoupe</orth>
 <pron>sukup</pron>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>area</orth>
 <hyph>ar|ea</hyph>
 <syll>ar|e|a</syll>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>brag</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>vb</pos>
</gramGrp>
<form type="inflected">
 <orth>brags</orth>
 <orth>bragging</orth>
 <orth>bragged</orth>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <gramGrp>
  <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
<!-- ... -->
 </gramGrp>
</form>
<!-- ... -->

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>MTBF</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abbreviation for</lbl>
  <orth>mean time between failures</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>biryani</orth>
 <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ</pron>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>mackle</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈmækᵊl</pron>
</form>
<form>
 <orth>macule</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈmækju:l</pron>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>hospitaller</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">US</usg>
  <orth>hospitaler</orth>
 </form>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈhɒspɪtələ</pron>
</form>

<form>

<form>
 <orth>zaptié</orth>
 <orth>zaptyé</orth>
</form>

<form>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>zaptié</orth>
  <orth>zaptyé</orth>
 </form>
 <def>Gendarme ottoman</def>
</entry>

<form>

<form>
 <orth>證明</orth>
 <orth>証明</orth>
</form>

<orth>

<form type="infl">
 <orth>brags</orth>
 <orth>bragging</orth>
 <orth>bragged</orth>
</form>

<orth>

<form>
 <orth type="standard" xml:lang="ko-Hang">치다</orth>
 <orth type="transliterated"
  xml:lang="ko-Latn">chida</orth>
</form>

<orth>

<form type="derivative">
 <orth>Déshéritement</orth>
</form>

<orth>

<form>
 <orth xml:lang="zh-Hant-TW">龍</orth>
 <orth xml:lang="zh-Hans-CN">龙</orth>
 <orth xml:lang="ja-Hani">竜</orth>
</form>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>obverse</orth>
  <pron>'äb-`ərs</pron>,
 <pron extent="pref">äb-`</pron>, <pron extent="pref">əb-`</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>amygdale</orth>
  <pron extent="full">[ami(g)dal]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>transcription</orth>
  <pron notation="IPA">trænskrɪpʃən</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demi-dieu</orth>
  <hyph>demi|dieu</hyph>
  <pron>[d(th)midjø]</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<syll>

<form>
 <orth>area</orth>
 <hyph>ar|ea</hyph>
 <syll>ar|e|a</syll>
</form>

<syll>

<form>
 <orth>chauve-souris</orth>
 <hyph>chauve|souris</hyph>
 <syll>chau|ve|sou|ris</syll>
</form>

<stress>

<form>
 <orth>alternating current</orth>
 <stress>,....'..</stress>
</form>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">noun</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculine</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">nom</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculin</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">名詞</gram>
  <gram type="gen">陽性</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>noun</pos>
  <gen>masculine</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>nom</pos>
  <gen>masculin</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
  <gen>陽性</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>épousailles</orth>
  <pron>[epuzaj]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl.</number>
  <pos>n.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>複數</number>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<case>

<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitive"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<case>

<q rend="display">Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...</q>
<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitiv"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="fléchie">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<iType>

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
</form>

<iType>

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>[óRifje] </pron>
 <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
</form>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>v</pos>
 <subc>t ind</subc>
 <colloc>de</colloc>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <gram type="pos">v</gram>
 <gram type="subc">t ind</gram>
 <gram type="collocPrep">de</gram>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>isotope</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>adj</pos>
</gramGrp>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>n</pos>
 <gen>m</gen>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">wɪts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <number>sometimes singular</number>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the ability to reason and act, esp quickly …</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verb</pos>
  <subc>intransitive</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verbe</pos>
  <subc>intransitif</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>動詞</pos>
  <subc>不及物的</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>t ind</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>trans. ind.</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>cloth（布料）</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>不可數</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>說</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>到</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <pron> … </pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <sense n="a">
   <def>a being who is part mortal, part god.</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="b">
   <def>a lesser deity.</def>
  </sense>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>a godlike person.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>compétiteur</orth>
  <hyph>com|péti|teur</hyph>
  <pron> [köpetitœR]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>Personne qui entre en compétition.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>物體受振動所發出的聲響；人口裡發出的聲響或腔調。</def>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abismo</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>del <lang>gr.</lang>
  <mentioned>a</mentioned> priv. y <mentioned>byssos</mentioned>,
 <gloss>fondo</gloss>
 </etym>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. 2d <ref>-ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry> (From: Webster's Second International)

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>weekend</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="borrowing">
  <lbl>source:</lbl>
  <lang>English</lang>
  <oRef>weekend</oRef>
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>Handschuh</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="compounding">
  <oRef>Hand</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ˈhant</pRef>): <gloss>hand</gloss>,
 <etym type="metaphor">
   <oRef>Schuh</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ʃuː</pRef>): <gloss>shoe</gloss>
  </etym>
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. <ref>2d -ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<form>
 <orth>colour</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">US</usg>
  <orth>color</orth>
 </form>
</form>

<usg>

<form>
 <orth>colour</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">U.S.</usg>
  <orth>color</orth>
 </form>
</form>

<usg>

<form>
 <orth>tuer</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="time">archaïque</usg>
  <orth>occire</orth>
 </form>
</form>

<usg>

<form>
 <orth>過</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">中國大陸</usg>
  <orth>过</orth>
 </form>
</form>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>MTBF</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abbrev. for</lbl>
  <orth>mean time between failures</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>cf.</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abréviation pour</lbl>
  <orth>confer</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>台大</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>縮寫</lbl>
  <orth>台灣大學</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>glee</orth>
 </form>
 <xr>Compare <ptr target="#madrigal.1"/>
 </xr>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="madrigal.1">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry n="2">
 <form>
  <orth>rose</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="inflectedForm">
  <lbl>the past tense of</lbl>
  <ref target="#rise">rise</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="rise">
 <form>
  <orth>rise</orth>
 </form>
<!-- main entry for "rise" as verb -->
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr type="synonym">
 <lbl>syn see</lbl>
 <ref target="#adverse">adverse</ref>
</xr>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="adverse">
 <form>
  <orth>adverse</orth>
 </form>
<!-- list of synonyms for "adverse" -->
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lavage</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>[Fr. < <mentioned>laver</mentioned>; L. <mentioned>lavare</mentioned>, to wash;
 <xr>see <ref>lather</ref>
  </xr>]. </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>clef</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. <ref>clé</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>癲</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>詩經．大雅．雲漢：<mentioned>瘨</mentioned>，病、使困苦； <xr>參見 <ref>癲</ref>
  </xr>。 </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">同義詞：請見 <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. see <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries

<entry>
 <form type="contraction">
  <orth>neither</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈnaɪðə</pron>,
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈni:ðə</pron>
 </form>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>neither foot is swollen</quote>
 </cit>
 <note type="usage">A verb following a compound subject
   that uses <hi rend="italic">neither</hi>… should be
   in the singular if both subjects are in the singular:
 <hi rend="italic">neither Jack nor John has done the work</hi>
 </note>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>neu·ral</orth>
  <pron>'n(y)ūr-əl</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>of, relating to, or affecting a nerve or the nervous system</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>neurally</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">-ə-lē</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adv</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>siphonner</orth>
  <pron>[sifóne]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>v.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>Faire fonctionner un siphon, transvaser (un liquide) au moyen d'un siphon.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>siphonnage</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">[as]</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>politique</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <def>Art de conduire les affaires de l'Etat</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>Ligne de conduite raisonnée</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <def>Habileté manifestée dans les rapports avec les autres et qui consiste essentiellement
     à amener autrui à faire ce que l'on désire, sans pour autant dévoiler ses propres
     intentions.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicisme</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>théorie selon laquelle les événements et les transformations historiques sont
       dus essentiellement à la politique et à ses évolutions</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politiciste</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>qui relève du politicisme ou lui est propre</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicomanie</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>manie de la politique</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicaille</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>politique envisagée sous un angle déprécié ou méprisable</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>kilo-</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>élém. formant</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>entrant dans la constr. de subst. désignant des unités de mesure, dans tous les
     domaines de la phys., valant mille fois l'unité de base </def> ; <xr>v. <ref>kilogramme,
       kilogrammètre, kilomètre, kilotonne, kilowatt et aussi : </ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilocalorie </orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def> unité de mesure de quantité de chaleur valant mille calories (<abbr type="symb">symb. kcal</abbr>)</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilohertz</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>Unité de mesure de fréquence valant mille hertz (<abbr type="symb">kHz</abbr>
       )</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilojoule</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de travail valant mille joules (<abbr type="symb">kJ</abbr>)
   </def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kiloparsec</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de longueur astronomique valant mille parsecs</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilovolt</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de différences de potentiel, valant mille volts (<abbr type="symb">kv</abbr>)</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>調皮</orth>
  <pron>tiau2 pi2</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>不馴順；狡猾不易對付。</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>調皮地</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">tiau2 pi2 de</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>副詞</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth> abeja </orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen> 陰性 </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> 昆蟲學</usg>,<def> 蜜蜂 </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> 忙碌的蜜蜂，工作狂 </def>。</sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> 天文學 </usg>, <def> 蒼蠅座</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>石巢蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 木匠蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o1"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 女王蜂</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o2"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 工蜂 </def> 。</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> (ento.) </usg>
  <def> bee </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> busy bee, hard worker </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> (astron.) </usg>, <def> Musca </def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o3"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o4"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> queen bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o4"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o3"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain">(ento.)</usg>
  <def>bee</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>busy bee, hard worker</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain">(astron.)</usg>, <def>Musca</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila">abeja albanila</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera">abeja carpintera</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra">abeja reina</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o1">abeja maestra</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>queen bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera">abeja neutra</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o2">abeja obrera</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>. </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth xml:id="di-o1">vag-</orth>
  <orth xml:id="di-o2">vago-</orth>
 </form>
 <def>vagus nerve</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o1" type="noHyph"/>al</quote>
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o2" type="noHyph"/>tomy</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<form>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">,aw'duhv</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron notation="ipa" xml:id="di-p2">O:r dœvr</pron>
 </form>
</form>
<form type="inflected">
 <number>pl</number>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvres</orth>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa" extent="part">'duhv(z)</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron>
   <pRef target="#di-p2"/>
  </pron>
 </form>
</form>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>academy</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>The Royal <oRef type="cap"/> of Arts</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>fait-tout</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <q>Des casseroles et des "<oRef type="noHyph"/>faitouts" pour les ménagères.</q>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>學院</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>皇家藝術<oRef/>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<pRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>umfahren</orth>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren1">umf'ahren</pron>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren2">'umfahren</pron>
 </form>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul musste die Pfütze <pRef target="#umfahren1"/>, wenn er nicht nass werden wollte.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul wollte das Schild nicht absichtlich <pRef target="#umfahren2"/> und beschädigen.</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>biryani</orth>
  <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron rend="noleftparen">%bIrI"A:nI</pron>
 </form>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes … </def>
 <etym>from <lang>Urdu</lang>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"
   valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth>delay</orth>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth norm="delayed" extent="part">-ed</orth>
  <tns norm="pst,pstp"/>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth norm="delaying" extent="part">-ing</orth>
  <tns norm="prsp"/>
 </form>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth>delay</orth>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth orig="-ed">delayed</orth>
  <tns orig="">pst</tns>
  <tns orig="">pstp</tns>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth orig="-ing">delaying</orth>
  <tns orig="">prsp</tns>
 </form>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth split="thyrostimuline, thyréostimuline">thyr(é)ostimuline</orth>
 <pron split="tiRostimylin, tiReostimylin">tiR(e)ostimylin</pron>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth xml:id="dic-o1"
  orig="thyr(é)ostimuline">thyrostimuline</orth>
 <pron xml:id="dic-p1"
  orig="tiR(e)ostimylin">tiRostimylin</pron>
</form>
<form>
 <orth mergedIn="#dic-o1">thyréostimuline</orth>
 <pron mergedIn="#dic-p1">tiReostimylin</pron>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth next="#dict-o2" xml:id="dict-o1">thyr</orth>
 <orth next="#dict-o3" prev="#dict-o1"
  xml:id="dict-o2" opt="true">é</orth>
 <orth prev="#dict-o2" xml:id="dict-o3">ostimuline</orth>
 <pron next="#dict-p2" xml:id="dict-p1">tiR</pron>
 <pron next="#dict-p3" prev="#dict-p1"
  xml:id="dict-p2" opt="true">e</pron>
 <pron prev="#dict-p2" xml:id="dict-p3">ostimylin</pron>
</form>

10.5.3.2. Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements

<form>
 <orth>pinna</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 <anchor xml:id="p01"/>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos location="#p01">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <hyph>demi|god</hyph>
  <pron>"demIgQd</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def>
 <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg
 <mentioned>Hercules</mentioned>
 </def>
 <pron>"h3:kjUli:z</pron>
</entryFree>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<listNym>
 <nym xml:id="N123">
  <form>Antony</form>
 </nym>
<!-- other nym definitions here -->
</listNym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="J451">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">Iain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="XYZ">
 <form>Bogomil</form>
 <etym>Means <gloss>favoured by God</gloss> from the <lang>Slavic</lang> elements <mentioned xml:lang="ru">bog</mentioned>
  <gloss>God</gloss> and <mentioned xml:lang="ru">mil</mentioned>
  <gloss>favour</gloss>
 </etym>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="ABC">
 <form>
  <choice>
   <seg type="morph">
    <seg>Bog</seg>
    <seg>o</seg>
    <seg>mil</seg>
   </seg>
   <seg type="morph">
    <seg>Bogo</seg>
    <seg>mil</seg>
   </seg>
  </choice>
 </form>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="B1" type="part">
 <form>bog</form>
</nym>
<nym xml:id="M1" type="part">
 <form>mil</form>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="BM1" parts="#B1 #M1">
 <form>Bogomil</form>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="J45">
 <form xml:lang="la">Iohannes</form>
 <nym xml:id="J450">
  <form xml:lang="en">John</form>
  <nym xml:id="J4501">
   <form>Johnny</form>
  </nym>
  <nym xml:id="J4502">
   <form>Jon</form>
  </nym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="J455">
  <form xml:lang="ru">Ivan</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="J453">
  <form xml:lang="fr">Jean</form>
 </nym>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd" nymRef="#LAIRG">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName> ... <nym xml:id="LAIRG">
 <form xml:lang="gd">lairig</form>
 <def>sloping hill face</def>
</nym> ...

<nym>

<nym xml:id="J452">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">Iain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

<nym>

<nym xml:id="fr_J452">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">lain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

<nym>

<nym xml:id="zh-tw_J452">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="zh-TW">歡</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="zh-CN">欢</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>Contraction of <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="fr_ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="fr_DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>contraction de <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="fr_HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_ROSE">
  <form>玫瑰</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_ORCHID">
  <form>蘭花</form>
  <etym>多年生草本植物，葉細長而尖，春天開花，味清香。</etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_HTHR">
  <form>Heather(石南屬植物)</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<orth>

<orth> (orthographic form) gives the orthographic form of a dictionary headword. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.notated

@notation

att.partials

@extent

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
gives the type of spelling.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Member of

model.entryPart model.formPart

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<form type="infl">
 <orth>brags</orth>
 <orth>bragging</orth>
 <orth>bragged</orth>
</form>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<form>
 <orth type="standard" xml:lang="ko-Hang">치다</orth>
 <orth type="transliterated"
  xml:lang="ko-Latn">chida</orth>
</form>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element orth
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.partials.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <orth> (orthographic form)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <orth> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <orth> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

10. Dictionaries

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="pos"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="adj"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157"/>
</listPrefixDef>
<!-- ... -->
<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="ccr:pos"
   valueDatcat="ccr:adj">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>to horrify</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>horrifier</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="zh">
  <quote>使驚嚇</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="zh">
   <quote>成本把她嚇呆了。</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

<cit>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>horrifier</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>to horrify</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>elle était horrifiée par la dépense</quote>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>she was horrified at the expense.</quote>
  </cit>
 </cit>
</entry>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<body>
 <div>
  <head>English-French</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>dog</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>horse</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
 <div>
  <head>French-English</head>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chat</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>chien</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
  <entry>
   <form>
    <orth>cheval</orth>
   </form>
<!-- ... -->
  </entry>
 </div>
</body>

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<body>
 <entry>
  <form>
   <orth>manifestation</orth>
<!-- demonstration -->
  </form>
 </entry>
 <entry>
  <form>
   <orth>émeute</orth>
<!-- riot -->
  </form>
 </entry>
 <entry type="homograph">
  <entry n="1">
   <form>
    <orth>grève</orth>
<!-- strike -->
   </form>
  </entry>
  <entry n="2">
   <form>
    <orth>grève</orth>
<!-- shore -->
   </form>
  </entry>
 </entry>
</body>

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>homme</orth>
  <hyph>hom|me</hyph>
  <pron>óm</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>Etre appartenant à l'espèce animale la plus évoluée de la Terre</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Etre humain mâle et (le plus souvent) adulte.</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron>dIs"pru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>poussin</orth>
  <pron>[pusë]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>m.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">Jeune poulet, nouvellement sorti de l'oeuf, encore couvert de duvet. La poule
   et ses poussins.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Zool. Jeune oiseau (par rapport aux adultes, aux parents). </sense>
 <sense n="3"> (êtres humains) <def n="1">Fam. Terme d'affection (enfant). </def>
  <def n="2"> Sports. Catégorie d'âge (9 ans) qui précède celle des benjamins.</def>
  <def n="3">Elève de première année dans certaines écoles (Air,
     Aéronautique).</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>證明</orth>
  <pron>zheng-meng</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>可靠的證據或事實</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>用可靠的證據或事實來表明或斷定人或事物的真實性。</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>langouste</orth>
  <pron>[lägust]</pron>
 </form>
 <pos>n.</pos>
 <gen> f. </gen>
 <sense n="1">Grand crustacé marin (Décapodes macroures) aux pattes antérieures dépourvues
   de pinces, aux antennes longues et fortes, et dont la chair est très appréciée.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Fig. et fam. (vulg.). Femme, maîtresse.</sense>
 <etym>XIIIe ; languste, v. 1120, «sauterelle»; encore dans Corneille (Hymnes, 7) ; anc.
   provençal langosta, altér. du lat. class. locusta «sauterelle». </etym>
</entryFree>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
 <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
 <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
 <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
 </etym>
</entryFree>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>canon</orth>
  <pron>[kanö] </pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Pièce d'artillerie servant à lancer des projectiles lourds.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Théol. Loi ecclésiastique.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>軍階名；技藝優良的人。</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>統率軍隊</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>cattleya </orth> ou <orth>catleya</orth>
  <pron>[katleja]</pron>
  <def>Orchidée épiphyte, originaire d'Amérique tropicale, et dont l'espèce la plus connue
     est très recherchée pour l'élégance de ses fleurs mauves à grand labelle en cornet
     onduleux.</def>
  <etym>1845 cattleye (BESCH.); 1893 cattleya (Gde Encyclop.). Lat. sc. cattleya, nom
     donné par John Lindley, botaniste angl. (1799-1865) à un genre d'orchidées en hommage
     au botaniste angl. W. Cattley (NED. Suppl.; DEI et Gde Encyclop.) </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
  <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
  <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
  <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
  </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">dɪsˈpru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>doom-laden</orth>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>soucoupe</orth>
 <pron>sukup</pron>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>area</orth>
 <hyph>ar|ea</hyph>
 <syll>ar|e|a</syll>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>brag</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>vb</pos>
</gramGrp>
<form type="inflected">
 <orth>brags</orth>
 <orth>bragging</orth>
 <orth>bragged</orth>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <gramGrp>
  <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
<!-- ... -->
 </gramGrp>
</form>
<!-- ... -->

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>MTBF</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abbreviation for</lbl>
  <orth>mean time between failures</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>biryani</orth>
 <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ</pron>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>mackle</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈmækᵊl</pron>
</form>
<form>
 <orth>macule</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈmækju:l</pron>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>hospitaller</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">US</usg>
  <orth>hospitaler</orth>
 </form>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈhɒspɪtələ</pron>
</form>

<form>

<form>
 <orth>zaptié</orth>
 <orth>zaptyé</orth>
</form>

<form>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>zaptié</orth>
  <orth>zaptyé</orth>
 </form>
 <def>Gendarme ottoman</def>
</entry>

<form>

<form>
 <orth>證明</orth>
 <orth>証明</orth>
</form>

<orth>

<form type="infl">
 <orth>brags</orth>
 <orth>bragging</orth>
 <orth>bragged</orth>
</form>

<orth>

<form>
 <orth type="standard" xml:lang="ko-Hang">치다</orth>
 <orth type="transliterated"
  xml:lang="ko-Latn">chida</orth>
</form>

<orth>

<form type="derivative">
 <orth>Déshéritement</orth>
</form>

<orth>

<form>
 <orth xml:lang="zh-Hant-TW">龍</orth>
 <orth xml:lang="zh-Hans-CN">龙</orth>
 <orth xml:lang="ja-Hani">竜</orth>
</form>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>obverse</orth>
  <pron>'äb-`ərs</pron>,
 <pron extent="pref">äb-`</pron>, <pron extent="pref">əb-`</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>amygdale</orth>
  <pron extent="full">[ami(g)dal]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>transcription</orth>
  <pron notation="IPA">trænskrɪpʃən</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demi-dieu</orth>
  <hyph>demi|dieu</hyph>
  <pron>[d(th)midjø]</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<syll>

<form>
 <orth>area</orth>
 <hyph>ar|ea</hyph>
 <syll>ar|e|a</syll>
</form>

<syll>

<form>
 <orth>chauve-souris</orth>
 <hyph>chauve|souris</hyph>
 <syll>chau|ve|sou|ris</syll>
</form>

<stress>

<form>
 <orth>alternating current</orth>
 <stress>,....'..</stress>
</form>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">noun</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculine</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">nom</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculin</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">名詞</gram>
  <gram type="gen">陽性</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>noun</pos>
  <gen>masculine</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>nom</pos>
  <gen>masculin</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
  <gen>陽性</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>épousailles</orth>
  <pron>[epuzaj]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl.</number>
  <pos>n.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>複數</number>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<case>

<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitive"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<case>

<q rend="display">Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...</q>
<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitiv"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="fléchie">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<iType>

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
</form>

<iType>

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>[óRifje] </pron>
 <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
</form>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>v</pos>
 <subc>t ind</subc>
 <colloc>de</colloc>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <gram type="pos">v</gram>
 <gram type="subc">t ind</gram>
 <gram type="collocPrep">de</gram>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>isotope</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>adj</pos>
</gramGrp>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>n</pos>
 <gen>m</gen>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">wɪts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <number>sometimes singular</number>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the ability to reason and act, esp quickly …</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verb</pos>
  <subc>intransitive</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verbe</pos>
  <subc>intransitif</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>動詞</pos>
  <subc>不及物的</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>t ind</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>trans. ind.</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>cloth（布料）</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>不可數</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>說</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>到</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <pron> … </pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <sense n="a">
   <def>a being who is part mortal, part god.</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="b">
   <def>a lesser deity.</def>
  </sense>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>a godlike person.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>compétiteur</orth>
  <hyph>com|péti|teur</hyph>
  <pron> [köpetitœR]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>Personne qui entre en compétition.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>物體受振動所發出的聲響；人口裡發出的聲響或腔調。</def>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abismo</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>del <lang>gr.</lang>
  <mentioned>a</mentioned> priv. y <mentioned>byssos</mentioned>,
 <gloss>fondo</gloss>
 </etym>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. 2d <ref>-ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry> (From: Webster's Second International)

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>weekend</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="borrowing">
  <lbl>source:</lbl>
  <lang>English</lang>
  <oRef>weekend</oRef>
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>Handschuh</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="compounding">
  <oRef>Hand</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ˈhant</pRef>): <gloss>hand</gloss>,
 <etym type="metaphor">
   <oRef>Schuh</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ʃuː</pRef>): <gloss>shoe</gloss>
  </etym>
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. <ref>2d -ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<form>
 <orth>colour</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">US</usg>
  <orth>color</orth>
 </form>
</form>

<usg>

<form>
 <orth>colour</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">U.S.</usg>
  <orth>color</orth>
 </form>
</form>

<usg>

<form>
 <orth>tuer</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="time">archaïque</usg>
  <orth>occire</orth>
 </form>
</form>

<usg>

<form>
 <orth>過</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">中國大陸</usg>
  <orth>过</orth>
 </form>
</form>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>MTBF</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abbrev. for</lbl>
  <orth>mean time between failures</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>cf.</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abréviation pour</lbl>
  <orth>confer</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>台大</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>縮寫</lbl>
  <orth>台灣大學</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>glee</orth>
 </form>
 <xr>Compare <ptr target="#madrigal.1"/>
 </xr>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="madrigal.1">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry n="2">
 <form>
  <orth>rose</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="inflectedForm">
  <lbl>the past tense of</lbl>
  <ref target="#rise">rise</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="rise">
 <form>
  <orth>rise</orth>
 </form>
<!-- main entry for "rise" as verb -->
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr type="synonym">
 <lbl>syn see</lbl>
 <ref target="#adverse">adverse</ref>
</xr>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="adverse">
 <form>
  <orth>adverse</orth>
 </form>
<!-- list of synonyms for "adverse" -->
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lavage</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>[Fr. < <mentioned>laver</mentioned>; L. <mentioned>lavare</mentioned>, to wash;
 <xr>see <ref>lather</ref>
  </xr>]. </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>clef</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. <ref>clé</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>癲</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>詩經．大雅．雲漢：<mentioned>瘨</mentioned>，病、使困苦； <xr>參見 <ref>癲</ref>
  </xr>。 </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">同義詞：請見 <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. see <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries

<entry>
 <form type="contraction">
  <orth>neither</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈnaɪðə</pron>,
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈni:ðə</pron>
 </form>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>neither foot is swollen</quote>
 </cit>
 <note type="usage">A verb following a compound subject
   that uses <hi rend="italic">neither</hi>… should be
   in the singular if both subjects are in the singular:
 <hi rend="italic">neither Jack nor John has done the work</hi>
 </note>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>neu·ral</orth>
  <pron>'n(y)ūr-əl</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>of, relating to, or affecting a nerve or the nervous system</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>neurally</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">-ə-lē</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adv</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>siphonner</orth>
  <pron>[sifóne]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>v.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>Faire fonctionner un siphon, transvaser (un liquide) au moyen d'un siphon.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>siphonnage</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">[as]</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>politique</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <def>Art de conduire les affaires de l'Etat</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>Ligne de conduite raisonnée</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <def>Habileté manifestée dans les rapports avec les autres et qui consiste essentiellement
     à amener autrui à faire ce que l'on désire, sans pour autant dévoiler ses propres
     intentions.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicisme</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>théorie selon laquelle les événements et les transformations historiques sont
       dus essentiellement à la politique et à ses évolutions</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politiciste</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>qui relève du politicisme ou lui est propre</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicomanie</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>manie de la politique</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicaille</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>politique envisagée sous un angle déprécié ou méprisable</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>kilo-</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>élém. formant</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>entrant dans la constr. de subst. désignant des unités de mesure, dans tous les
     domaines de la phys., valant mille fois l'unité de base </def> ; <xr>v. <ref>kilogramme,
       kilogrammètre, kilomètre, kilotonne, kilowatt et aussi : </ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilocalorie </orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def> unité de mesure de quantité de chaleur valant mille calories (<abbr type="symb">symb. kcal</abbr>)</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilohertz</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>Unité de mesure de fréquence valant mille hertz (<abbr type="symb">kHz</abbr>
       )</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilojoule</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de travail valant mille joules (<abbr type="symb">kJ</abbr>)
   </def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kiloparsec</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de longueur astronomique valant mille parsecs</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilovolt</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de différences de potentiel, valant mille volts (<abbr type="symb">kv</abbr>)</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>調皮</orth>
  <pron>tiau2 pi2</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>不馴順；狡猾不易對付。</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>調皮地</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">tiau2 pi2 de</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>副詞</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth> abeja </orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen> 陰性 </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> 昆蟲學</usg>,<def> 蜜蜂 </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> 忙碌的蜜蜂，工作狂 </def>。</sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> 天文學 </usg>, <def> 蒼蠅座</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>石巢蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 木匠蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o1"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 女王蜂</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o2"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 工蜂 </def> 。</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> (ento.) </usg>
  <def> bee </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> busy bee, hard worker </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> (astron.) </usg>, <def> Musca </def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o3"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o4"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> queen bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o4"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o3"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain">(ento.)</usg>
  <def>bee</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>busy bee, hard worker</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain">(astron.)</usg>, <def>Musca</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila">abeja albanila</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera">abeja carpintera</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra">abeja reina</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o1">abeja maestra</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>queen bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera">abeja neutra</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o2">abeja obrera</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>. </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth xml:id="di-o1">vag-</orth>
  <orth xml:id="di-o2">vago-</orth>
 </form>
 <def>vagus nerve</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o1" type="noHyph"/>al</quote>
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o2" type="noHyph"/>tomy</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<form>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">,aw'duhv</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron notation="ipa" xml:id="di-p2">O:r dœvr</pron>
 </form>
</form>
<form type="inflected">
 <number>pl</number>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvres</orth>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa" extent="part">'duhv(z)</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron>
   <pRef target="#di-p2"/>
  </pron>
 </form>
</form>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>academy</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>The Royal <oRef type="cap"/> of Arts</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>fait-tout</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <q>Des casseroles et des "<oRef type="noHyph"/>faitouts" pour les ménagères.</q>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>學院</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>皇家藝術<oRef/>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<pRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>umfahren</orth>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren1">umf'ahren</pron>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren2">'umfahren</pron>
 </form>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul musste die Pfütze <pRef target="#umfahren1"/>, wenn er nicht nass werden wollte.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul wollte das Schild nicht absichtlich <pRef target="#umfahren2"/> und beschädigen.</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>biryani</orth>
  <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron rend="noleftparen">%bIrI"A:nI</pron>
 </form>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes … </def>
 <etym>from <lang>Urdu</lang>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"
   valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth>delay</orth>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth norm="delayed" extent="part">-ed</orth>
  <tns norm="pst,pstp"/>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth norm="delaying" extent="part">-ing</orth>
  <tns norm="prsp"/>
 </form>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth>delay</orth>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth orig="-ed">delayed</orth>
  <tns orig="">pst</tns>
  <tns orig="">pstp</tns>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth orig="-ing">delaying</orth>
  <tns orig="">prsp</tns>
 </form>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth split="thyrostimuline, thyréostimuline">thyr(é)ostimuline</orth>
 <pron split="tiRostimylin, tiReostimylin">tiR(e)ostimylin</pron>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth xml:id="dic-o1"
  orig="thyr(é)ostimuline">thyrostimuline</orth>
 <pron xml:id="dic-p1"
  orig="tiR(e)ostimylin">tiRostimylin</pron>
</form>
<form>
 <orth mergedIn="#dic-o1">thyréostimuline</orth>
 <pron mergedIn="#dic-p1">tiReostimylin</pron>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth next="#dict-o2" xml:id="dict-o1">thyr</orth>
 <orth next="#dict-o3" prev="#dict-o1"
  xml:id="dict-o2" opt="true">é</orth>
 <orth prev="#dict-o2" xml:id="dict-o3">ostimuline</orth>
 <pron next="#dict-p2" xml:id="dict-p1">tiR</pron>
 <pron next="#dict-p3" prev="#dict-p1"
  xml:id="dict-p2" opt="true">e</pron>
 <pron prev="#dict-p2" xml:id="dict-p3">ostimylin</pron>
</form>

10.5.3.2. Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements

<form>
 <orth>pinna</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 <anchor xml:id="p01"/>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos location="#p01">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <hyph>demi|god</hyph>
  <pron>"demIgQd</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def>
 <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg
 <mentioned>Hercules</mentioned>
 </def>
 <pron>"h3:kjUli:z</pron>
</entryFree>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="J451">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">Iain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

<nym>

<nym xml:id="J452">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">Iain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

<nym>

<nym xml:id="fr_J452">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">lain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

<nym>

<nym xml:id="zh-tw_J452">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="zh-TW">歡</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="zh-CN">欢</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<pron>

<pron> (pronunciation) contains the pronunciation(s) of the word. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.notated

@notation

att.partials

@extent

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.entryPart model.formPart

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The values used to specify the notation may be taken from any appropriate project-defined list of values. Typical values might be IPA, Murray, for example.

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>obverse</orth>
  <pron>'äb-`ərs</pron>,
 <pron extent="pref">äb-`</pron>, <pron extent="pref">əb-`</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>transcription</orth>
  <pron notation="IPA">trænskrɪpʃən</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element pron
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.partials.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <pron> (pronunciation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <pron> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <pron> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>homme</orth>
  <hyph>hom|me</hyph>
  <pron>óm</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>Etre appartenant à l'espèce animale la plus évoluée de la Terre</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Etre humain mâle et (le plus souvent) adulte.</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron>dIs"pru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>poussin</orth>
  <pron>[pusë]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>m.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">Jeune poulet, nouvellement sorti de l'oeuf, encore couvert de duvet. La poule
   et ses poussins.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Zool. Jeune oiseau (par rapport aux adultes, aux parents). </sense>
 <sense n="3"> (êtres humains) <def n="1">Fam. Terme d'affection (enfant). </def>
  <def n="2"> Sports. Catégorie d'âge (9 ans) qui précède celle des benjamins.</def>
  <def n="3">Elève de première année dans certaines écoles (Air,
     Aéronautique).</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>證明</orth>
  <pron>zheng-meng</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>可靠的證據或事實</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>用可靠的證據或事實來表明或斷定人或事物的真實性。</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>langouste</orth>
  <pron>[lägust]</pron>
 </form>
 <pos>n.</pos>
 <gen> f. </gen>
 <sense n="1">Grand crustacé marin (Décapodes macroures) aux pattes antérieures dépourvues
   de pinces, aux antennes longues et fortes, et dont la chair est très appréciée.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Fig. et fam. (vulg.). Femme, maîtresse.</sense>
 <etym>XIIIe ; languste, v. 1120, «sauterelle»; encore dans Corneille (Hymnes, 7) ; anc.
   provençal langosta, altér. du lat. class. locusta «sauterelle». </etym>
</entryFree>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
 <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
 <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
 <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
 </etym>
</entryFree>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>canon</orth>
  <pron>[kanö] </pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Pièce d'artillerie servant à lancer des projectiles lourds.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Théol. Loi ecclésiastique.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>軍階名；技藝優良的人。</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>統率軍隊</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>cattleya </orth> ou <orth>catleya</orth>
  <pron>[katleja]</pron>
  <def>Orchidée épiphyte, originaire d'Amérique tropicale, et dont l'espèce la plus connue
     est très recherchée pour l'élégance de ses fleurs mauves à grand labelle en cornet
     onduleux.</def>
  <etym>1845 cattleye (BESCH.); 1893 cattleya (Gde Encyclop.). Lat. sc. cattleya, nom
     donné par John Lindley, botaniste angl. (1799-1865) à un genre d'orchidées en hommage
     au botaniste angl. W. Cattley (NED. Suppl.; DEI et Gde Encyclop.) </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
  <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
  <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
  <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
  </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">dɪsˈpru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>soucoupe</orth>
 <pron>sukup</pron>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <gramGrp>
  <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
<!-- ... -->
 </gramGrp>
</form>
<!-- ... -->

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>biryani</orth>
 <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ</pron>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>mackle</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈmækᵊl</pron>
</form>
<form>
 <orth>macule</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈmækju:l</pron>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>hospitaller</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">US</usg>
  <orth>hospitaler</orth>
 </form>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈhɒspɪtələ</pron>
</form>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>obverse</orth>
  <pron>'äb-`ərs</pron>,
 <pron extent="pref">äb-`</pron>, <pron extent="pref">əb-`</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>amygdale</orth>
  <pron extent="full">[ami(g)dal]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>transcription</orth>
  <pron notation="IPA">trænskrɪpʃən</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demi-dieu</orth>
  <hyph>demi|dieu</hyph>
  <pron>[d(th)midjø]</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>épousailles</orth>
  <pron>[epuzaj]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl.</number>
  <pos>n.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>複數</number>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<iType>

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
</form>

<iType>

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>[óRifje] </pron>
 <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
</form>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">wɪts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <number>sometimes singular</number>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the ability to reason and act, esp quickly …</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <pron> … </pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <sense n="a">
   <def>a being who is part mortal, part god.</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="b">
   <def>a lesser deity.</def>
  </sense>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>a godlike person.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>compétiteur</orth>
  <hyph>com|péti|teur</hyph>
  <pron> [köpetitœR]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>Personne qui entre en compétition.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>物體受振動所發出的聲響；人口裡發出的聲響或腔調。</def>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="colloc">
  <oRef type="cap"/> and <mentioned>any</mentioned> are used with
 <mentioned>more</mentioned>
 </usg>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>Give me <oRef/> more</quote>
  <pron extent="part">s@'mO:(r)</pron>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries

<entry>
 <form type="contraction">
  <orth>neither</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈnaɪðə</pron>,
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈni:ðə</pron>
 </form>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>neither foot is swollen</quote>
 </cit>
 <note type="usage">A verb following a compound subject
   that uses <hi rend="italic">neither</hi>… should be
   in the singular if both subjects are in the singular:
 <hi rend="italic">neither Jack nor John has done the work</hi>
 </note>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>neu·ral</orth>
  <pron>'n(y)ūr-əl</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>of, relating to, or affecting a nerve or the nervous system</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>neurally</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">-ə-lē</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adv</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>siphonner</orth>
  <pron>[sifóne]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>v.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>Faire fonctionner un siphon, transvaser (un liquide) au moyen d'un siphon.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>siphonnage</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">[as]</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>調皮</orth>
  <pron>tiau2 pi2</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>不馴順；狡猾不易對付。</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>調皮地</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">tiau2 pi2 de</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>副詞</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<form>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">,aw'duhv</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron notation="ipa" xml:id="di-p2">O:r dœvr</pron>
 </form>
</form>
<form type="inflected">
 <number>pl</number>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvres</orth>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa" extent="part">'duhv(z)</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron>
   <pRef target="#di-p2"/>
  </pron>
 </form>
</form>

<pRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>umfahren</orth>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren1">umf'ahren</pron>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren2">'umfahren</pron>
 </form>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul musste die Pfütze <pRef target="#umfahren1"/>, wenn er nicht nass werden wollte.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul wollte das Schild nicht absichtlich <pRef target="#umfahren2"/> und beschädigen.</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>biryani</orth>
  <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron rend="noleftparen">%bIrI"A:nI</pron>
 </form>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes … </def>
 <etym>from <lang>Urdu</lang>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth split="thyrostimuline, thyréostimuline">thyr(é)ostimuline</orth>
 <pron split="tiRostimylin, tiReostimylin">tiR(e)ostimylin</pron>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth xml:id="dic-o1"
  orig="thyr(é)ostimuline">thyrostimuline</orth>
 <pron xml:id="dic-p1"
  orig="tiR(e)ostimylin">tiRostimylin</pron>
</form>
<form>
 <orth mergedIn="#dic-o1">thyréostimuline</orth>
 <pron mergedIn="#dic-p1">tiReostimylin</pron>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth next="#dict-o2" xml:id="dict-o1">thyr</orth>
 <orth next="#dict-o3" prev="#dict-o1"
  xml:id="dict-o2" opt="true">é</orth>
 <orth prev="#dict-o2" xml:id="dict-o3">ostimuline</orth>
 <pron next="#dict-p2" xml:id="dict-p1">tiR</pron>
 <pron next="#dict-p3" prev="#dict-p1"
  xml:id="dict-p2" opt="true">e</pron>
 <pron prev="#dict-p2" xml:id="dict-p3">ostimylin</pron>
</form>

10.5.3.2. Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements

<form>
 <orth>pinna</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 <anchor xml:id="p01"/>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos location="#p01">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <hyph>demi|god</hyph>
  <pron>"demIgQd</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def>
 <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg
 <mentioned>Hercules</mentioned>
 </def>
 <pron>"h3:kjUli:z</pron>
</entryFree>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

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C Elements

<hyph>

<hyph> (hyphenation) contains a hyphenated form of a dictionary headword, or hyphenation information in some other form. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.notated

@notation

Member of

model.entryPart model.formPart

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element hyph
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <hyph> (hyphenation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <hyph> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <hyph> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>homme</orth>
  <hyph>hom|me</hyph>
  <pron>óm</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>Etre appartenant à l'espèce animale la plus évoluée de la Terre</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Etre humain mâle et (le plus souvent) adulte.</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>area</orth>
 <hyph>ar|ea</hyph>
 <syll>ar|e|a</syll>
</form>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demi-dieu</orth>
  <hyph>demi|dieu</hyph>
  <pron>[d(th)midjø]</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<hyph>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
</entry>

<syll>

<form>
 <orth>area</orth>
 <hyph>ar|ea</hyph>
 <syll>ar|e|a</syll>
</form>

<syll>

<form>
 <orth>chauve-souris</orth>
 <hyph>chauve|souris</hyph>
 <syll>chau|ve|sou|ris</syll>
</form>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>compétiteur</orth>
  <hyph>com|péti|teur</hyph>
  <pron> [köpetitœR]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>Personne qui entre en compétition.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>物體受振動所發出的聲響；人口裡發出的聲響或腔調。</def>
</entry>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <hyph>demi|god</hyph>
  <pron>"demIgQd</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def>
 <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg
 <mentioned>Hercules</mentioned>
 </def>
 <pron>"h3:kjUli:z</pron>
</entryFree>

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C Elements

<syll>

<syll> (syllabification) contains the syllabification of the headword. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.notated

@notation

Member of

model.entryPart model.formPart

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<form>
 <orth>area</orth>
 <hyph>ar|ea</hyph>
 <syll>ar|e|a</syll>
</form>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element syll
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <syll> (syllabification)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <syll> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <syll> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>area</orth>
 <hyph>ar|ea</hyph>
 <syll>ar|e|a</syll>
</form>

<syll>

<form>
 <orth>area</orth>
 <hyph>ar|ea</hyph>
 <syll>ar|e|a</syll>
</form>

<syll>

<form>
 <orth>chauve-souris</orth>
 <hyph>chauve|souris</hyph>
 <syll>chau|ve|sou|ris</syll>
</form>

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C Elements

<stress>

<stress> (stress) contains the stress pattern for a dictionary headword, if given separately. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.notated

@notation

Member of

model.formPart

Contained by

dictionaries: form

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Usually stress information is included within pronunciation information.

Example

<form>
 <orth>alternating current</orth>
 <stress>,....'..</stress>
</form>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element stress
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <stress> (stress)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <stress> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <stress> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<stress>

<form>
 <orth>alternating current</orth>
 <stress>,....'..</stress>
</form>

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<gram>

<gram> (grammatical information) within an entry in a dictionary or a terminological data file, contains grammatical information relating to a term, word, or form. [10.3.2. Grammatical Information]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
classifies grammatical information provided by gram according to some convenient and shared typology, ideally one defined in an external reference taxonomy, such as the CLARIN Concept Registry.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

pos

(part of speech) any of the word classes to which a word may be assigned in a given language, based on form, meaning, or a combination of features, e.g. noun, verb, adjective, etc.

gen

(gender) formal classification by which nouns and pronouns, and often accompanying modifiers, are grouped and inflected, or changed in form, so as to control certain syntactic relationships

num

(number) grammatical number, e.g. singular, plural, dual, …

animate

animate or inanimate

proper

proper noun or common noun

Note

The list of values for the type attribute should best come from a standardized set of container data categories.

Member of

model.morphLike

Contained by

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">noun</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculine</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element gram
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <gram> (grammatical information)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <gram> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <gram> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">noun</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculine</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">nom</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculin</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">名詞</gram>
  <gram type="gen">陽性</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <gram type="pos">v</gram>
 <gram type="subc">t ind</gram>
 <gram type="collocPrep">de</gram>
</gramGrp>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

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<gen>

<gen> (gender) identifies the morphological gender of a lexical item, as given in the dictionary. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.morphLike

Contained by

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain character data and phrase-level elements. Typical content will be masculine, feminine, neuter etc.

This element is synonymous with <gram type="gender">.

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>noun</pos>
  <gen>masculine</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element gen
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <gen> (gender)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <gen> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <gen> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>poussin</orth>
  <pron>[pusë]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>m.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">Jeune poulet, nouvellement sorti de l'oeuf, encore couvert de duvet. La poule
   et ses poussins.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Zool. Jeune oiseau (par rapport aux adultes, aux parents). </sense>
 <sense n="3"> (êtres humains) <def n="1">Fam. Terme d'affection (enfant). </def>
  <def n="2"> Sports. Catégorie d'âge (9 ans) qui précède celle des benjamins.</def>
  <def n="3">Elève de première année dans certaines écoles (Air,
     Aéronautique).</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>langouste</orth>
  <pron>[lägust]</pron>
 </form>
 <pos>n.</pos>
 <gen> f. </gen>
 <sense n="1">Grand crustacé marin (Décapodes macroures) aux pattes antérieures dépourvues
   de pinces, aux antennes longues et fortes, et dont la chair est très appréciée.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Fig. et fam. (vulg.). Femme, maîtresse.</sense>
 <etym>XIIIe ; languste, v. 1120, «sauterelle»; encore dans Corneille (Hymnes, 7) ; anc.
   provençal langosta, altér. du lat. class. locusta «sauterelle». </etym>
</entryFree>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>canon</orth>
  <pron>[kanö] </pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Pièce d'artillerie servant à lancer des projectiles lourds.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Théol. Loi ecclésiastique.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>noun</pos>
  <gen>masculine</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>nom</pos>
  <gen>masculin</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
  <gen>陽性</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<case>

<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitive"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<case>

<q rend="display">Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...</q>
<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitiv"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>isotope</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>adj</pos>
</gramGrp>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>n</pos>
 <gen>m</gen>
</gramGrp>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>politique</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <def>Art de conduire les affaires de l'Etat</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>Ligne de conduite raisonnée</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <def>Habileté manifestée dans les rapports avec les autres et qui consiste essentiellement
     à amener autrui à faire ce que l'on désire, sans pour autant dévoiler ses propres
     intentions.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicisme</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>théorie selon laquelle les événements et les transformations historiques sont
       dus essentiellement à la politique et à ses évolutions</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politiciste</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>qui relève du politicisme ou lui est propre</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicomanie</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>manie de la politique</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicaille</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>politique envisagée sous un angle déprécié ou méprisable</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth> abeja </orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen> 陰性 </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> 昆蟲學</usg>,<def> 蜜蜂 </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> 忙碌的蜜蜂，工作狂 </def>。</sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> 天文學 </usg>, <def> 蒼蠅座</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>石巢蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 木匠蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o1"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 女王蜂</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o2"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 工蜂 </def> 。</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> (ento.) </usg>
  <def> bee </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> busy bee, hard worker </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> (astron.) </usg>, <def> Musca </def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o3"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o4"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> queen bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o4"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o3"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain">(ento.)</usg>
  <def>bee</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>busy bee, hard worker</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain">(astron.)</usg>, <def>Musca</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila">abeja albanila</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera">abeja carpintera</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra">abeja reina</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o1">abeja maestra</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>queen bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera">abeja neutra</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o2">abeja obrera</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>. </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<number>

<number> (number) indicates grammatical number associated with a form, as given in a dictionary. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms 10.3.2. Grammatical Information]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.morphLike

Contained by

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

This element is synonymous with <gram type="num">.

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element number
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <number> (number)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <number> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <number> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>épousailles</orth>
  <pron>[epuzaj]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl.</number>
  <pos>n.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>複數</number>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<case>

<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitive"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<case>

<q rend="display">Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...</q>
<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitiv"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="fléchie">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">wɪts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <number>sometimes singular</number>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the ability to reason and act, esp quickly …</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<form>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">,aw'duhv</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron notation="ipa" xml:id="di-p2">O:r dœvr</pron>
 </form>
</form>
<form type="inflected">
 <number>pl</number>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvres</orth>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa" extent="part">'duhv(z)</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron>
   <pRef target="#di-p2"/>
  </pron>
 </form>
</form>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.3.2. Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements

<form>
 <orth>pinna</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 <anchor xml:id="p01"/>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos location="#p01">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<case>

<case> (case) contains grammatical case information given by a dictionary for a given form. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.morphLike

Contained by

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain character data and phrase-level elements. Typical values will be of the form nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, etc.

This element is synonymous with <gram type="case">.

Example

Taken from Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache. Veranstaltet und herausgegeben von Joachim Heinrich Campe. Erster Theil. A - bis - E. (Braunschweig 1807. In der Schulbuchhandlung):

Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...

<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitive"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element case
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <case> (case)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <case> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <case> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<case>

<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitive"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<case>

<q rend="display">Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...</q>
<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitiv"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<per>

<per> (person) contains an indication of the grammatical person (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) associated with a given inflected form in a dictionary. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.morphLike

Contained by

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

This element is synonymous with <gram type="person">.

Example

Taken from Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache. Veranstaltet und herausgegeben von Joachim Heinrich Campe. Vierter Theil. S - bis - T. (Braunschweig 1810. In der Schulbuchhandlung):

Treffen, v. unregelm. ... du triffst, ...

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element per
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <per> (person)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <per> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <per> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="fléchie">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<tns>

<tns> (tense) indicates the grammatical tense associated with a given inflected form in a dictionary. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.morphLike

Contained by

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

This element is synonymous with <gram type="tense">.

Example

Taken from Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache. Veranstaltet und herausgegeben von Joachim Heinrich Campe. Vierter Theil. S - bis - T. (Braunschweig 1810. In der Schulbuchhandlung):

Treffen, v. unregelm. ... du triffst, ...

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element tns
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <tns> (tense)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <tns> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <tns> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="fléchie">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth>delay</orth>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth norm="delayed" extent="part">-ed</orth>
  <tns norm="pst,pstp"/>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth norm="delaying" extent="part">-ing</orth>
  <tns norm="prsp"/>
 </form>
</form>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<form>
 <orth>delay</orth>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth orig="-ed">delayed</orth>
  <tns orig="">pst</tns>
  <tns orig="">pstp</tns>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <orth orig="-ing">delaying</orth>
  <tns orig="">prsp</tns>
 </form>
</form>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<mood>

<mood> (mood) contains information about the grammatical mood of verbs (e.g. indicative, subjunctive, imperative). [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.morphLike

Contained by

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

This element is synonymous with <gram type="mood">.

Example

Taken from Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache. Veranstaltet und herausgegeben von Joachim Heinrich Campe. Vierter Theil. S - bis - T. (Braunschweig 1810. In der Schulbuchhandlung):

Treffen, v. unregelm. ... du triffst, ...

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element mood
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <mood> (mood)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <mood> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <mood> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="fléchie">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

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<iType>

<iType> (inflectional class) indicates the inflectional class associated with a lexical item. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
indicates the type of indicator used to specify the inflection class, when it is necessary to distinguish between the usual abbreviated indications (e.g. inv) and other kinds of indicators, such as special codes referring to conjugation patterns, etc.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

abbrev

abbreviated indicator

verbTable

coded reference to a table of verbs

Note

This element is synonymous with <gram type='inflectional type'>.

Member of

model.morphLike

Contained by

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain character data and phrase-level elements. Typical content will be invariant, n 3 etc.

Example

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
</form>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element iType
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <iType> (inflectional class)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <iType> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <iType> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <gramGrp>
  <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
<!-- ... -->
 </gramGrp>
</form>
<!-- ... -->

<iType>

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
</form>

<iType>

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>[óRifje] </pron>
 <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
</form>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<gramGrp>

<gramGrp> (grammatical information group) groups morpho-syntactic information about a lexical item, e.g. pos, gen, number, case, or iType (inflectional class). [10.3.2. Grammatical Information]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.entryPart model.entryPart.top model.lexicalRefinement

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gramGrp hom re sense

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc gen gram gramGrp iType lang lbl mood number oRef pRef per pos subc tns usg

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verb</pos>
  <subc>intransitive</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.gramPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element gramGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.gramPart
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <gramGrp> (grammatical information group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <gramGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <gramGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

10. Dictionaries

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<gramGrp>
 <pos datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"
  valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545">NN</pos>
</gramGrp>

att.datcat

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="pos"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="adj"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157"/>
</listPrefixDef>
<!-- ... -->
<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="ccr:pos"
   valueDatcat="ccr:adj">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

att.lexicographic

<gramGrp>
 <pos expand="noun">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

att.lexicographic

<gramGrp>
 <pos expand="nom">n.</pos>
</gramGrp>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>homme</orth>
  <hyph>hom|me</hyph>
  <pron>óm</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>Etre appartenant à l'espèce animale la plus évoluée de la Terre</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Etre humain mâle et (le plus souvent) adulte.</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron>dIs"pru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>poussin</orth>
  <pron>[pusë]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>m.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">Jeune poulet, nouvellement sorti de l'oeuf, encore couvert de duvet. La poule
   et ses poussins.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Zool. Jeune oiseau (par rapport aux adultes, aux parents). </sense>
 <sense n="3"> (êtres humains) <def n="1">Fam. Terme d'affection (enfant). </def>
  <def n="2"> Sports. Catégorie d'âge (9 ans) qui précède celle des benjamins.</def>
  <def n="3">Elève de première année dans certaines écoles (Air,
     Aéronautique).</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>證明</orth>
  <pron>zheng-meng</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>可靠的證據或事實</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>用可靠的證據或事實來表明或斷定人或事物的真實性。</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>canon</orth>
  <pron>[kanö] </pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Pièce d'artillerie servant à lancer des projectiles lourds.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Théol. Loi ecclésiastique.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>軍階名；技藝優良的人。</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>統率軍隊</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">dɪsˈpru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>brag</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>vb</pos>
</gramGrp>
<form type="inflected">
 <orth>brags</orth>
 <orth>bragging</orth>
 <orth>bragged</orth>
</form>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>horrifier</orth>
 <pron>ORifje</pron>
 <gramGrp>
  <iType type="vbtable">7</iType>
<!-- ... -->
 </gramGrp>
</form>
<!-- ... -->

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>obverse</orth>
  <pron>'äb-`ərs</pron>,
 <pron extent="pref">äb-`</pron>, <pron extent="pref">əb-`</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>amygdale</orth>
  <pron extent="full">[ami(g)dal]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>transcription</orth>
  <pron notation="IPA">trænskrɪpʃən</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">noun</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculine</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">nom</gram>
  <gram type="gen">masculin</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gram>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gram type="pos">名詞</gram>
  <gram type="gen">陽性</gram>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>noun</pos>
  <gen>masculine</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>nom</pos>
  <gen>masculin</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
  <gen>陽性</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>épousailles</orth>
  <pron>[epuzaj]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl.</number>
  <pos>n.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>複數</number>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<case>

<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitive"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<case>

<q rend="display">Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...</q>
<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitiv"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="fléchie">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>v</pos>
 <subc>t ind</subc>
 <colloc>de</colloc>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <gram type="pos">v</gram>
 <gram type="subc">t ind</gram>
 <gram type="collocPrep">de</gram>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>isotope</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>adj</pos>
</gramGrp>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>n</pos>
 <gen>m</gen>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">wɪts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <number>sometimes singular</number>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the ability to reason and act, esp quickly …</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verb</pos>
  <subc>intransitive</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verbe</pos>
  <subc>intransitif</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>動詞</pos>
  <subc>不及物的</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>t ind</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>trans. ind.</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>cloth（布料）</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>不可數</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>說</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>到</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <pron> … </pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <sense n="a">
   <def>a being who is part mortal, part god.</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="b">
   <def>a lesser deity.</def>
  </sense>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>a godlike person.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>compétiteur</orth>
  <hyph>com|péti|teur</hyph>
  <pron> [köpetitœR]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>Personne qui entre en compétition.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>物體受振動所發出的聲響；人口裡發出的聲響或腔調。</def>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>neu·ral</orth>
  <pron>'n(y)ūr-əl</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>of, relating to, or affecting a nerve or the nervous system</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>neurally</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">-ə-lē</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adv</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>siphonner</orth>
  <pron>[sifóne]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>v.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>Faire fonctionner un siphon, transvaser (un liquide) au moyen d'un siphon.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>siphonnage</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">[as]</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>politique</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <def>Art de conduire les affaires de l'Etat</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>Ligne de conduite raisonnée</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <def>Habileté manifestée dans les rapports avec les autres et qui consiste essentiellement
     à amener autrui à faire ce que l'on désire, sans pour autant dévoiler ses propres
     intentions.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicisme</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>théorie selon laquelle les événements et les transformations historiques sont
       dus essentiellement à la politique et à ses évolutions</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politiciste</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>qui relève du politicisme ou lui est propre</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicomanie</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>manie de la politique</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicaille</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>politique envisagée sous un angle déprécié ou méprisable</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>kilo-</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>élém. formant</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>entrant dans la constr. de subst. désignant des unités de mesure, dans tous les
     domaines de la phys., valant mille fois l'unité de base </def> ; <xr>v. <ref>kilogramme,
       kilogrammètre, kilomètre, kilotonne, kilowatt et aussi : </ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilocalorie </orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def> unité de mesure de quantité de chaleur valant mille calories (<abbr type="symb">symb. kcal</abbr>)</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilohertz</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>Unité de mesure de fréquence valant mille hertz (<abbr type="symb">kHz</abbr>
       )</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilojoule</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de travail valant mille joules (<abbr type="symb">kJ</abbr>)
   </def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kiloparsec</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de longueur astronomique valant mille parsecs</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilovolt</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de différences de potentiel, valant mille volts (<abbr type="symb">kv</abbr>)</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>調皮</orth>
  <pron>tiau2 pi2</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>不馴順；狡猾不易對付。</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>調皮地</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">tiau2 pi2 de</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>副詞</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth> abeja </orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen> 陰性 </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> 昆蟲學</usg>,<def> 蜜蜂 </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> 忙碌的蜜蜂，工作狂 </def>。</sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> 天文學 </usg>, <def> 蒼蠅座</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>石巢蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 木匠蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o1"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 女王蜂</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o2"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 工蜂 </def> 。</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> (ento.) </usg>
  <def> bee </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> busy bee, hard worker </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> (astron.) </usg>, <def> Musca </def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o3"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o4"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> queen bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o4"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o3"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain">(ento.)</usg>
  <def>bee</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>busy bee, hard worker</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain">(astron.)</usg>, <def>Musca</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila">abeja albanila</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera">abeja carpintera</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra">abeja reina</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o1">abeja maestra</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>queen bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera">abeja neutra</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o2">abeja obrera</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>. </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"
   valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

10.5.3.2. Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements

<form>
 <orth>pinna</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 <anchor xml:id="p01"/>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos location="#p01">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <hyph>demi|god</hyph>
  <pron>"demIgQd</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def>
 <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg
 <mentioned>Hercules</mentioned>
 </def>
 <pron>"h3:kjUli:z</pron>
</entryFree>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

att.lexicographic.normalized

<gramGrp>
 <pos norm="noun">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

att.lexicographic.normalized

<gramGrp>
 <pos norm="nom">n.</pos>
</gramGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<pos>

<pos> (part of speech) indicates the part of speech assigned to a dictionary headword such as noun, verb, or adjective. [10.3.2. Grammatical Information]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.entryPart model.lexicalRefinement

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element pos
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <pos> (part of speech)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <pos> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <pos> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

10. Dictionaries

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<gramGrp>
 <pos datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"
  valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545">NN</pos>
</gramGrp>

att.datcat

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="pos"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="adj"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157"/>
</listPrefixDef>
<!-- ... -->
<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="ccr:pos"
   valueDatcat="ccr:adj">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

10. Dictionaries

att.lexicographic

<gramGrp>
 <pos expand="noun">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

att.lexicographic

<gramGrp>
 <pos expand="nom">n.</pos>
</gramGrp>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>homme</orth>
  <hyph>hom|me</hyph>
  <pron>óm</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>Etre appartenant à l'espèce animale la plus évoluée de la Terre</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Etre humain mâle et (le plus souvent) adulte.</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron>dIs"pru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>poussin</orth>
  <pron>[pusë]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>m.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">Jeune poulet, nouvellement sorti de l'oeuf, encore couvert de duvet. La poule
   et ses poussins.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Zool. Jeune oiseau (par rapport aux adultes, aux parents). </sense>
 <sense n="3"> (êtres humains) <def n="1">Fam. Terme d'affection (enfant). </def>
  <def n="2"> Sports. Catégorie d'âge (9 ans) qui précède celle des benjamins.</def>
  <def n="3">Elève de première année dans certaines écoles (Air,
     Aéronautique).</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>證明</orth>
  <pron>zheng-meng</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>可靠的證據或事實</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>用可靠的證據或事實來表明或斷定人或事物的真實性。</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>langouste</orth>
  <pron>[lägust]</pron>
 </form>
 <pos>n.</pos>
 <gen> f. </gen>
 <sense n="1">Grand crustacé marin (Décapodes macroures) aux pattes antérieures dépourvues
   de pinces, aux antennes longues et fortes, et dont la chair est très appréciée.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Fig. et fam. (vulg.). Femme, maîtresse.</sense>
 <etym>XIIIe ; languste, v. 1120, «sauterelle»; encore dans Corneille (Hymnes, 7) ; anc.
   provençal langosta, altér. du lat. class. locusta «sauterelle». </etym>
</entryFree>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>canon</orth>
  <pron>[kanö] </pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Pièce d'artillerie servant à lancer des projectiles lourds.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Théol. Loi ecclésiastique.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>軍階名；技藝優良的人。</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>統率軍隊</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">dɪsˈpru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>brag</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>vb</pos>
</gramGrp>
<form type="inflected">
 <orth>brags</orth>
 <orth>bragging</orth>
 <orth>bragged</orth>
</form>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>obverse</orth>
  <pron>'äb-`ərs</pron>,
 <pron extent="pref">äb-`</pron>, <pron extent="pref">əb-`</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>amygdale</orth>
  <pron extent="full">[ami(g)dal]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>transcription</orth>
  <pron notation="IPA">trænskrɪpʃən</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pron>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>noun</pos>
  <gen>masculine</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>nom</pos>
  <gen>masculin</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gen>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pamplemousse</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
  <gen>陽性</gen>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>épousailles</orth>
  <pron>[epuzaj]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl.</number>
  <pos>n.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<number>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron>wIts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>複數</number>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<case>

<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitive"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<case>

<q rend="display">Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...</q>
<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitiv"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>v</pos>
 <subc>t ind</subc>
 <colloc>de</colloc>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>isotope</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>adj</pos>
</gramGrp>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>n</pos>
 <gen>m</gen>
</gramGrp>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">wɪts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <number>sometimes singular</number>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the ability to reason and act, esp quickly …</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verb</pos>
  <subc>intransitive</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verbe</pos>
  <subc>intransitif</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>動詞</pos>
  <subc>不及物的</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<pos>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <pron> … </pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <sense n="a">
   <def>a being who is part mortal, part god.</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="b">
   <def>a lesser deity.</def>
  </sense>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>a godlike person.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>compétiteur</orth>
  <hyph>com|péti|teur</hyph>
  <pron> [köpetitœR]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>Personne qui entre en compétition.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>物體受振動所發出的聲響；人口裡發出的聲響或腔調。</def>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>neu·ral</orth>
  <pron>'n(y)ūr-əl</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>of, relating to, or affecting a nerve or the nervous system</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>neurally</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">-ə-lē</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adv</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>siphonner</orth>
  <pron>[sifóne]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>v.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>Faire fonctionner un siphon, transvaser (un liquide) au moyen d'un siphon.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>siphonnage</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">[as]</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>politique</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <def>Art de conduire les affaires de l'Etat</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>Ligne de conduite raisonnée</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <def>Habileté manifestée dans les rapports avec les autres et qui consiste essentiellement
     à amener autrui à faire ce que l'on désire, sans pour autant dévoiler ses propres
     intentions.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicisme</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>théorie selon laquelle les événements et les transformations historiques sont
       dus essentiellement à la politique et à ses évolutions</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politiciste</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>qui relève du politicisme ou lui est propre</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicomanie</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>manie de la politique</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicaille</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>politique envisagée sous un angle déprécié ou méprisable</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>kilo-</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>élém. formant</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>entrant dans la constr. de subst. désignant des unités de mesure, dans tous les
     domaines de la phys., valant mille fois l'unité de base </def> ; <xr>v. <ref>kilogramme,
       kilogrammètre, kilomètre, kilotonne, kilowatt et aussi : </ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilocalorie </orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def> unité de mesure de quantité de chaleur valant mille calories (<abbr type="symb">symb. kcal</abbr>)</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilohertz</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>Unité de mesure de fréquence valant mille hertz (<abbr type="symb">kHz</abbr>
       )</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilojoule</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de travail valant mille joules (<abbr type="symb">kJ</abbr>)
   </def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kiloparsec</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de longueur astronomique valant mille parsecs</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilovolt</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de différences de potentiel, valant mille volts (<abbr type="symb">kv</abbr>)</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>調皮</orth>
  <pron>tiau2 pi2</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>不馴順；狡猾不易對付。</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>調皮地</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">tiau2 pi2 de</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>副詞</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"
   valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

10.5.3.2. Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements

<form>
 <orth>pinna</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 <anchor xml:id="p01"/>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos location="#p01">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <hyph>demi|god</hyph>
  <pron>"demIgQd</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def>
 <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg
 <mentioned>Hercules</mentioned>
 </def>
 <pron>"h3:kjUli:z</pron>
</entryFree>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

att.lexicographic.normalized

<gramGrp>
 <pos norm="noun">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

att.lexicographic.normalized

<gramGrp>
 <pos norm="nom">n.</pos>
</gramGrp>

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C Elements

<subc>

<subc> (subcategorization) contains subcategorization information (transitive/intransitive, countable/non-countable, etc.) [10.3.2. Grammatical Information]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.entryPart model.lexicalRefinement

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>t ind</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element subc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

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Example: <subc> (subcategorization)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <subc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <subc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>軍階名；技藝優良的人。</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>統率軍隊</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>v</pos>
 <subc>t ind</subc>
 <colloc>de</colloc>
</gramGrp>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verb</pos>
  <subc>intransitive</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>verbe</pos>
  <subc>intransitif</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<gramGrp>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>luire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>動詞</pos>
  <subc>不及物的</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>t ind</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>trans. ind.</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<subc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>cloth（布料）</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <subc>不可數</subc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

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C Elements

<colloc>

<colloc> (collocate) contains any sequence of words that co-occur with the headword with significant frequency. [10.3.2. Grammatical Information]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.entryPart model.lexicalRefinement

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entryFree form gramGrp

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element colloc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <colloc> (collocate)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <colloc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <colloc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<form>
 <orth>médire</orth>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos>v</pos>
 <subc>t ind</subc>
 <colloc>de</colloc>
</gramGrp>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>médire</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>de</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

<colloc>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>說</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <colloc>到</colloc>
 </gramGrp>
</entry>

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C Elements

<def>

<def> (definition) contains definition text in a dictionary entry. [10.3.3.1. Definitions]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.entryPart model.entryPart.top

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entry entryFree etym hom re sense

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element def
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <def> (definition)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <def> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <def> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever ... </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom from
     control</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>homme</orth>
  <hyph>hom|me</hyph>
  <pron>óm</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>Etre appartenant à l'espèce animale la plus évoluée de la Terre</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Etre humain mâle et (le plus souvent) adulte.</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<superEntry>

<superEntry>
 <form>
  <orth>弼</orth>
  <hyph> (因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>bi4</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>輔助；矯正過失</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名詞</pos>
   <subc>可數</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>古時矯正弓的器具</def>
 </entry>
</superEntry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron>dIs"pru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>poussin</orth>
  <pron>[pusë]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>m.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">Jeune poulet, nouvellement sorti de l'oeuf, encore couvert de duvet. La poule
   et ses poussins.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Zool. Jeune oiseau (par rapport aux adultes, aux parents). </sense>
 <sense n="3"> (êtres humains) <def n="1">Fam. Terme d'affection (enfant). </def>
  <def n="2"> Sports. Catégorie d'âge (9 ans) qui précède celle des benjamins.</def>
  <def n="3">Elève de première année dans certaines écoles (Air,
     Aéronautique).</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entry>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>證明</orth>
  <pron>zheng-meng</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>可靠的證據或事實</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>用可靠的證據或事實來表明或斷定人或事物的真實性。</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
 <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
 <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
 <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
 </etym>
</entryFree>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>canon</orth>
  <pron>[kanö] </pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Pièce d'artillerie servant à lancer des projectiles lourds.</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
   <gen>m.</gen>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>Théol. Loi ecclésiastique.</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<hom>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>將</orth>
  <pron>jiang4</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>名</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>軍階名；技藝優良的人。</def>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>動詞</pos>
   <subc>及物</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>統率軍隊</def>
 </hom>
</entry>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années.</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
   <title>Le Cid</title>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">現代</usg>
 <def>胭脂和香粉，舊時借指婦女</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>那一年頌蓮留著齊耳的短髮，用一條天藍色的緞帶箍住，她的臉是圓圓的，不施脂粉，但顯得有點蒼白。</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>蘇童</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>cattleya </orth> ou <orth>catleya</orth>
  <pron>[katleja]</pron>
  <def>Orchidée épiphyte, originaire d'Amérique tropicale, et dont l'espèce la plus connue
     est très recherchée pour l'élégance de ses fleurs mauves à grand labelle en cornet
     onduleux.</def>
  <etym>1845 cattleye (BESCH.); 1893 cattleya (Gde Encyclop.). Lat. sc. cattleya, nom
     donné par John Lindley, botaniste angl. (1799-1865) à un genre d'orchidées en hommage
     au botaniste angl. W. Cattley (NED. Suppl.; DEI et Gde Encyclop.) </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
  <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
  <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
  <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
  </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>disproof</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">dɪsˈpru:f</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>facts that disprove something</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>the act of disproving</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bray</orth>
  <pron>breI</pron>
 </form>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>cry of an ass; sound of a trumpet.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vt</pos>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>make a cry or sound of this kind.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>careen</orth>
  <hyph>ca|reen</hyph>
  <pron>k@"ri:n</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>vt</pos>
  <pos>vi</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, repairing, etc.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <subc>VP6A</subc>
   <subc>VP2A</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>(cause to) tilt, lean over to one side.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.2.2. Groups and Constituents

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abandon</orth>
  <hyph>a|ban|don</hyph>
  <pron>@"band@n</pron>
 </form>
 <entry n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>v</pos>
   <subc>T1</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>to leave completely and for ever … </def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="2"/>
 </entry>
 <entry n="2">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
   <subc>U</subc>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense>
   <def>the state when one's feelings and actions are uncontrolled; freedom
       from control…</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<form>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>zaptié</orth>
  <orth>zaptyé</orth>
 </form>
 <def>Gendarme ottoman</def>
</entry>

10.3.2. Grammatical Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>wits</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">wɪts</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <number>pl</number>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <gramGrp>
   <number>sometimes singular</number>
  </gramGrp>
  <def>the ability to reason and act, esp quickly …</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <pron> … </pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <sense n="a">
   <def>a being who is part mortal, part god.</def>
  </sense>
  <sense n="b">
   <def>a lesser deity.</def>
  </sense>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <def>a godlike person.</def>
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.1. Definitions

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>rémoulade</orth>
  <pron>Remulad</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
  <gen>f</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>remoulade</quote>
  <quote>rémoulade</quote>
  <def>dressing containing mustard and herbs</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>competitor</orth>
  <hyph>com|peti|tor</hyph>
  <pron>k@m"petit@(r)</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>person who competes.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>compétiteur</orth>
  <hyph>com|péti|teur</hyph>
  <pron> [köpetitœR]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>Personne qui entre en compétition.</def>
</entry>

<def>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>音</orth>
  <hyph>( 因漢字無法以連字符號拆解，故不提供範例。)</hyph>
  <pron>yin</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>名詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>物體受振動所發出的聲響；人口裡發出的聲響或腔調。</def>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>OAS</quote>
  <def>illegal military organization supporting French rule of
     Algeria</def>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <etym>
  <lang>F</lang> fr. <lang>ML</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <mentioned>neuma</mentioned> fr. <lang>Gk</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <gloss>breath</gloss>
  <xr type="etym">more at <ptr target="#pneumatic"/>
  </xr>
 </etym>
 <sense>
  <def>any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant
<!-- ... -->
  </def>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="pneumatic">
 <etym>
<!-- ... -->
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<def>contenant un vice de forme ou passé par un <ptr target="#incapable"/>.</def>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="dom">imprim</usg>
 <def>Donner a (une ligne) une longeur convenable au moyen de
 <ref target="#blanc-2.1.3">blancs (2, sens 1, 3)</ref>
 </def>
</sense>
<entry xml:id="blanc" n="2">
<!-- ... -->
 <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  <def xml:id="blanc-2.1.3">...</def>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>neu·ral</orth>
  <pron>'n(y)ūr-əl</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>of, relating to, or affecting a nerve or the nervous system</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>neurally</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">-ə-lē</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adv</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>siphonner</orth>
  <pron>[sifóne]</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>v.</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>Faire fonctionner un siphon, transvaser (un liquide) au moyen d'un siphon.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>siphonnage</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">[as]</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n.</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>politique</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n.</pos>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <def>Art de conduire les affaires de l'Etat</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>Ligne de conduite raisonnée</def> ; </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <def>Habileté manifestée dans les rapports avec les autres et qui consiste essentiellement
     à amener autrui à faire ce que l'on désire, sans pour autant dévoiler ses propres
     intentions.</def>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicisme</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>théorie selon laquelle les événements et les transformations historiques sont
       dus essentiellement à la politique et à ses évolutions</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politiciste</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>qui relève du politicisme ou lui est propre</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicomanie</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>manie de la politique</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>politicaille</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>politique envisagée sous un angle déprécié ou méprisable</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>kilo-</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>élém. formant</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>entrant dans la constr. de subst. désignant des unités de mesure, dans tous les
     domaines de la phys., valant mille fois l'unité de base </def> ; <xr>v. <ref>kilogramme,
       kilogrammètre, kilomètre, kilotonne, kilowatt et aussi : </ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilocalorie </orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def> unité de mesure de quantité de chaleur valant mille calories (<abbr type="symb">symb. kcal</abbr>)</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilohertz</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>Unité de mesure de fréquence valant mille hertz (<abbr type="symb">kHz</abbr>
       )</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilojoule</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de travail valant mille joules (<abbr type="symb">kJ</abbr>)
   </def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kiloparsec</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de longueur astronomique valant mille parsecs</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilovolt</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de différences de potentiel, valant mille volts (<abbr type="symb">kv</abbr>)</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>調皮</orth>
  <pron>tiau2 pi2</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>形容詞</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>不馴順；狡猾不易對付。</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>調皮地</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">tiau2 pi2 de</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>副詞</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth> abeja </orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen> 陰性 </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> 昆蟲學</usg>,<def> 蜜蜂 </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> 忙碌的蜜蜂，工作狂 </def>。</sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> 天文學 </usg>, <def> 蒼蠅座</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>石巢蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 木匠蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o1"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 女王蜂</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o2"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 工蜂 </def> 。</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> (ento.) </usg>
  <def> bee </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> busy bee, hard worker </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> (astron.) </usg>, <def> Musca </def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o3"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o4"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> queen bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o4"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o3"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain">(ento.)</usg>
  <def>bee</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>busy bee, hard worker</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain">(astron.)</usg>, <def>Musca</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila">abeja albanila</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera">abeja carpintera</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra">abeja reina</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o1">abeja maestra</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>queen bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera">abeja neutra</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o2">abeja obrera</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>. </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<def>army officer above a lieutenant-<oRef/>
</def>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth xml:id="di-o1">vag-</orth>
  <orth xml:id="di-o2">vago-</orth>
 </form>
 <def>vagus nerve</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o1" type="noHyph"/>al</quote>
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o2" type="noHyph"/>tomy</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>biryani</orth>
  <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron rend="noleftparen">%bIrI"A:nI</pron>
 </form>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes … </def>
 <etym>from <lang>Urdu</lang>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<sense n="1">
 <def>coloured
   chalk made into crayons</def>
 <def>picture drawn with coloured chalk
   made into crayons</def>
</sense>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<sense n="1">
 <def next="#d2" xml:id="d1" opt="true">picture drawn
   with</def>
 <def prev="#d1" xml:id="d2">coloured chalk made into
   crayons</def>
</sense>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>demigod</orth>
  <hyph>demi|god</hyph>
  <pron>"demIgQd</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <def>one who is partly divine and partly human</def>
 <def>(in Gk myth, etc) the son of a god and a mortal woman, eg
 <mentioned>Hercules</mentioned>
 </def>
 <pron>"h3:kjUli:z</pron>
</entryFree>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd" nymRef="#LAIRG">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName> ... <nym xml:id="LAIRG">
 <form xml:lang="gd">lairig</form>
 <def>sloping hill face</def>
</nym> ...

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<etym>

<etym> (etymology) encloses the etymological information in a dictionary entry. [10.3.4. Etymological Information]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.entryPart model.entryPart.top

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entry entryFree etym hom re sense

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: def etym gramGrp lang lbl oRef pRef usg xr

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain character data mixed with any other elements defined in the dictionary tag set.

There is no consensus on the internal structure of etymologies, or even on whether such a structure is appropriate. The etym element accordingly simply contains prose, within which names of languages, cited words, or parts of words, glosses, and examples will typically be prominent. The tagging of such internal objects is optional.

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. 2d <ref>-ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry> (From: Webster's Second International)

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>Handschuh</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="compounding">
  <oRef>Hand</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ˈhant</pRef>): <gloss>hand</gloss>,
 <etym type="metaphor">
   <oRef>Schuh</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ʃuː</pRef>): <gloss>shoe</gloss>
  </etym>
 </etym>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <elementRef key="def"/>
  <elementRef key="etym"/>
  <elementRef key="gramGrp"/>
  <elementRef key="lbl"/>
  <elementRef key="usg"/>
  <elementRef key="xr"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element etym
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.global
    | model.inter
    | model.phrase
    | def
    | etym
    | gramGrp
    | lbl
    | usg
    | xr
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <etym> (etymology)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <etym> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <etym> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

10. Dictionaries

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <form>
  <orth>langouste</orth>
  <pron>[lägust]</pron>
 </form>
 <pos>n.</pos>
 <gen> f. </gen>
 <sense n="1">Grand crustacé marin (Décapodes macroures) aux pattes antérieures dépourvues
   de pinces, aux antennes longues et fortes, et dont la chair est très appréciée.</sense>
 <sense n="2">Fig. et fam. (vulg.). Femme, maîtresse.</sense>
 <etym>XIIIe ; languste, v. 1120, «sauterelle»; encore dans Corneille (Hymnes, 7) ; anc.
   provençal langosta, altér. du lat. class. locusta «sauterelle». </etym>
</entryFree>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
 <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
 <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
 <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
 </etym>
</entryFree>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>cattleya </orth> ou <orth>catleya</orth>
  <pron>[katleja]</pron>
  <def>Orchidée épiphyte, originaire d'Amérique tropicale, et dont l'espèce la plus connue
     est très recherchée pour l'élégance de ses fleurs mauves à grand labelle en cornet
     onduleux.</def>
  <etym>1845 cattleye (BESCH.); 1893 cattleya (Gde Encyclop.). Lat. sc. cattleya, nom
     donné par John Lindley, botaniste angl. (1799-1865) à un genre d'orchidées en hommage
     au botaniste angl. W. Cattley (NED. Suppl.; DEI et Gde Encyclop.) </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
  <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
  <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
  <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
  </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abismo</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>del <lang>gr.</lang>
  <mentioned>a</mentioned> priv. y <mentioned>byssos</mentioned>,
 <gloss>fondo</gloss>
 </etym>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <etym>
  <lang>F</lang> fr. <lang>ML</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <mentioned>neuma</mentioned> fr. <lang>Gk</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <gloss>breath</gloss>
  <xr type="etym">more at <ptr target="#pneumatic"/>
  </xr>
 </etym>
 <sense>
  <def>any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant
<!-- ... -->
  </def>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="pneumatic">
 <etym>
<!-- ... -->
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. 2d <ref>-ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry> (From: Webster's Second International)

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>weekend</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="borrowing">
  <lbl>source:</lbl>
  <lang>English</lang>
  <oRef>weekend</oRef>
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>Handschuh</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="compounding">
  <oRef>Hand</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ˈhant</pRef>): <gloss>hand</gloss>,
 <etym type="metaphor">
   <oRef>Schuh</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ʃuː</pRef>): <gloss>shoe</gloss>
  </etym>
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. <ref>2d -ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lavage</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>[Fr. < <mentioned>laver</mentioned>; L. <mentioned>lavare</mentioned>, to wash;
 <xr>see <ref>lather</ref>
  </xr>]. </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>癲</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>詩經．大雅．雲漢：<mentioned>瘨</mentioned>，病、使困苦； <xr>參見 <ref>癲</ref>
  </xr>。 </etym>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>biryani</orth>
  <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron rend="noleftparen">%bIrI"A:nI</pron>
 </form>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes … </def>
 <etym>from <lang>Urdu</lang>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="XYZ">
 <form>Bogomil</form>
 <etym>Means <gloss>favoured by God</gloss> from the <lang>Slavic</lang> elements <mentioned xml:lang="ru">bog</mentioned>
  <gloss>God</gloss> and <mentioned xml:lang="ru">mil</mentioned>
  <gloss>favour</gloss>
 </etym>
</nym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>Contraction of <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="fr_ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="fr_DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>contraction de <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="fr_HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_ROSE">
  <form>玫瑰</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_ORCHID">
  <form>蘭花</form>
  <etym>多年生草本植物，葉細長而尖，春天開花，味清香。</etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_HTHR">
  <form>Heather(石南屬植物)</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<lang>

<lang> (language name) contains the name of a language mentioned in etymological or other linguistic discussion. [10.3.4. Etymological Information]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

Member of

model.nameLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain character data mixed with phrase-level elements.

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. <ref>2d -ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element lang
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <lang> (language name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <lang> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <lang> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

10. Dictionaries

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

<entryFree>

<entryFree>
 <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
 <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
 <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
 <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
 </etym>
</entryFree>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron>(%bIrI"A:nI)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes ...</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

<dictScrap>

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>折羅</orth> 或 <orth>遮羅</orth>
  <pron>zhe2 luo2</pron>
  <def>Cālā (人名)</def>
  <etym>音譯自 <lang>梵文</lang>
  </etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abismo</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>del <lang>gr.</lang>
  <mentioned>a</mentioned> priv. y <mentioned>byssos</mentioned>,
 <gloss>fondo</gloss>
 </etym>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <etym>
  <lang>F</lang> fr. <lang>ML</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <mentioned>neuma</mentioned> fr. <lang>Gk</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <gloss>breath</gloss>
  <xr type="etym">more at <ptr target="#pneumatic"/>
  </xr>
 </etym>
 <sense>
  <def>any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant
<!-- ... -->
  </def>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="pneumatic">
 <etym>
<!-- ... -->
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. 2d <ref>-ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry> (From: Webster's Second International)

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>weekend</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="borrowing">
  <lbl>source:</lbl>
  <lang>English</lang>
  <oRef>weekend</oRef>
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. <ref>2d -ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>佛陀</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>從<lang>梵語</lang>
  <term>buddha</term>傳入的<lang>中古漢語</lang>音譯; </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>biryani</orth>
  <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron rend="noleftparen">%bIrI"A:nI</pron>
 </form>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes … </def>
 <etym>from <lang>Urdu</lang>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entryFree>
 <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
 <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
 <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
</entryFree>

10.6. Unstructured Entries

<entry>
 <dictScrap>
  <orth>biryani</orth> or <orth>biriani</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">(ˌbɪrɪˈa:nɪ)</pron>
  <def>any of a variety of Indian dishes …</def>
  <etym>[from <lang>Urdu</lang>]</etym>
 </dictScrap>
</entry>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="XYZ">
 <form>Bogomil</form>
 <etym>Means <gloss>favoured by God</gloss> from the <lang>Slavic</lang> elements <mentioned xml:lang="ru">bog</mentioned>
  <gloss>God</gloss> and <mentioned xml:lang="ru">mil</mentioned>
  <gloss>favour</gloss>
 </etym>
</nym>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<usg>

<usg> (usage) contains usage information in a dictionary entry. [10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
classifies the usage information using any convenient typology.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

geo

(geographic) geographic area

time

temporal, historical era (archaic, old, etc.)

dom

(domain) domain or subject matter (e.g. scientific, literary etc.)

register

(register)

style

style (figurative, literal, etc.)

plev

(preference level) preference level (chiefly, usually, etc.)

lang

(language) name of a language mentioned in etymological or other linguistic discussion.

gram

(grammatical) grammatical usage

syn

(synonym) synonym given to show use

hyper

(hypernym) hypernym given to show usage

colloc

(collocation) typical collocate of the headword.

comp

(complement) typical complement

obj

(object) typical object

subj

(subject) typical subject

verb

typical verb

hint

unclassifiable piece of information to guide sense choice

Member of

model.entryPart model.entryPart.top model.lexicalRefinement

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gramGrp hom re sense xr

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<form>
 <orth>colour</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">U.S.</usg>
  <orth>color</orth>
 </form>
</form>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element usg
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <usg> (usage)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <usg> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <usg> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

10. Dictionaries

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<!-- in the dictionary header --><encodingDesc>
 <classDecl>
  <taxonomy xml:id="domains">
<!--...-->
   <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences">
    <catDesc xml:lang="en">Medical and Health Sciences</catDesc>
    <catDesc xml:lang="pt">Ciências Médicas e da Saúde</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine"
     valueDatcat="https://vocabs.rossio.fcsh.unl.pt/pub/morais_domains/pt/page/0025">
     <catDesc xml:lang="en">
      <term>Medicine</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
     <catDesc xml:lang="pt">
      <term>Medicina</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
<!--...-->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
<!-- inside an <entry> element: -->
<usg type="domain"
 valueDatcat="#domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine">Med.</usg>

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années.</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
   <title>Le Cid</title>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

<sense>

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">現代</usg>
 <def>胭脂和香粉，舊時借指婦女</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>那一年頌蓮留著齊耳的短髮，用一條天藍色的緞帶箍住，她的臉是圓圓的，不施脂粉，但顯得有點蒼白。</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>蘇童</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<form>
 <orth>hospitaller</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">US</usg>
  <orth>hospitaler</orth>
 </form>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈhɒspɪtələ</pron>
</form>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry type="foreign">
 <form>
  <orth>havdalah</orth>
  <orth>havdoloh</orth>
  <gramGrp>
   <gram type="pos">n</gram>
  </gramGrp>
 </form>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Judaism</usg>
  <def>the ceremony marking the end of the sabbath or of a festival,
     including the blessings over wine, candles and spices</def>
 </sense>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <usg type="style">literally</usg>
  <quote>separation</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="colloc">
  <oRef type="cap"/> and <mentioned>any</mentioned> are used with
 <mentioned>more</mentioned>
 </usg>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>Give me <oRef/> more</quote>
  <pron extent="part">s@'mO:(r)</pron>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="2">
 <usg type="time">Vx.</usg>
 <def>Vaillance, bravoure (spécial., au combat)</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>La valeur n'attend pas le nombre des années</quote>
  <bibl>
   <author>Corneille</author>
  </bibl>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<form>
 <orth>colour</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">US</usg>
  <orth>color</orth>
 </form>
</form>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<sense n="a">
 <usg type="dom">Peinture</usg>
 <usg type="style">lit</usg>
 <usg type="style">fig</usg>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>palette</quote>
 </cit>
</sense>
<sense n="b">
 <usg type="dom">Boucherie</usg>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>shoulder</quote>
 </cit>
</sense>
<sense n="c">
 <sense>
  <usg type="syn">aube de roue</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>paddle</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
 <sense>
  <usg type="syn">battoir à linge</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>beetle</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
 <sense>
  <usg type="dom">Manutention</usg>
  <usg type="dom">Constr</usg>
  <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <quote>pallet</quote>
  </cit>
 </sense>
</sense>

10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels

<entry>
 <cit type="translation" xml:lang="en">
  <quote>reseating</quote>
  <quote>rebottoming</quote>
  <usg type="hint">with straw</usg>
 </cit>
</entry>

<usg>

<form>
 <orth>colour</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">U.S.</usg>
  <orth>color</orth>
 </form>
</form>

<usg>

<form>
 <orth>tuer</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="time">archaïque</usg>
  <orth>occire</orth>
 </form>
</form>

<usg>

<form>
 <orth>過</orth>
 <form>
  <usg type="geo">中國大陸</usg>
  <orth>过</orth>
 </form>
</form>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="dom">imprim</usg>
 <def>Donner a (une ligne) une longeur convenable au moyen de
 <ref target="#blanc-2.1.3">blancs (2, sens 1, 3)</ref>
 </def>
</sense>
<entry xml:id="blanc" n="2">
<!-- ... -->
 <sense n="1">
<!-- ... -->
  <def xml:id="blanc-2.1.3">...</def>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
<!-- ... -->
</entry>

10.3.6. Related Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>bevvy</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛvɪ</pron>
 </form>
 <usg type="reg">informal</usg>
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>n</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="1">
   <def>a drink, esp. an alcoholic one: we had a few bevvies last night.</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
<!-- ... sense 2 ... -->
 <hom>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>vb</pos>
  </gramGrp>
  <sense n="3">
   <def>to drink alcohol</def>
  </sense>
 </hom>
 <etym>probably from <lang>Old French</lang>
  <mentioned>bevee</mentioned>, <mentioned>buvee</mentioned>
  <gloss>drinking</gloss>
 </etym>
 <entry type="relatedEntry"
  subtype="derived">
  <form>
   <orth>bevvied</orth>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adj</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth> abeja </orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen> 陰性 </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> 昆蟲學</usg>,<def> 蜜蜂 </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> 忙碌的蜜蜂，工作狂 </def>。</sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> 天文學 </usg>, <def> 蒼蠅座</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>石巢蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 木匠蜂 </def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o1"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 女王蜂</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="zh-tw_re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#zh-tw_re-o2"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> 工蜂 </def> 。</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> (ento.) </usg>
  <def> bee </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> busy bee, hard worker </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> (astron.) </usg>, <def> Musca </def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o3"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o4"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> queen bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o4"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o3"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain">(ento.)</usg>
  <def>bee</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>busy bee, hard worker</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain">(astron.)</usg>, <def>Musca</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila">abeja albanila</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera">abeja carpintera</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra">abeja reina</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o1">abeja maestra</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>queen bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera">abeja neutra</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o2">abeja obrera</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>. </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<form>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">,aw'duhv</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron notation="ipa" xml:id="di-p2">O:r dœvr</pron>
 </form>
</form>
<form type="inflected">
 <number>pl</number>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvres</orth>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa" extent="part">'duhv(z)</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron>
   <pRef target="#di-p2"/>
  </pron>
 </form>
</form>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<usg norm="nautical" type="dom">naut.</usg>

10.5.3.1. Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views

<usg orig="naut." type="dom">nautical</usg>

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<lbl>

<lbl> (label) contains a label for a form, example, translation, or other piece of information, e.g. abbreviation for, contraction of, literally, approximately, synonyms:, etc. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms 10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents 10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
classifies the label using any convenient typology.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Member of

model.entryPart model.entryPart.top model.lexicalRefinement

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gramGrp hom re sense xr

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Labels specifically relating to usage should be tagged with the special-purpose usg element rather than with the genericlbl element.

Example

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>MTBF</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abbrev. for</lbl>
  <orth>mean time between failures</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element lbl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <lbl> (label)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <lbl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <lbl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>MTBF</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abbreviation for</lbl>
  <orth>mean time between failures</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>weekend</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="borrowing">
  <lbl>source:</lbl>
  <lang>English</lang>
  <oRef>weekend</oRef>
 </etym>
</entry>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>MTBF</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abbrev. for</lbl>
  <orth>mean time between failures</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>cf.</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>abréviation pour</lbl>
  <orth>confer</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

<lbl>

<entry>
 <form type="abbrev">
  <orth>台大</orth>
 </form>
 <form type="full">
  <lbl>縮寫</lbl>
  <orth>台灣大學</orth>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr type="syn">
 <lbl>Syn. de</lbl>
 <ref>hôtellerie (sens 1)</ref>.
</xr>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry n="2">
 <form>
  <orth>rose</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="inflectedForm">
  <lbl>the past tense of</lbl>
  <ref target="#rise">rise</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="rise">
 <form>
  <orth>rise</orth>
 </form>
<!-- main entry for "rise" as verb -->
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr type="synonym">
 <lbl>syn see</lbl>
 <ref target="#adverse">adverse</ref>
</xr>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="adverse">
 <form>
  <orth>adverse</orth>
 </form>
<!-- list of synonyms for "adverse" -->
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr>V. <ref target="#armillaire">armillaire</ref>
 <lbl type="sense-restriction">sphère</lbl>
</xr>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<xr>

<xr> (cross-reference phrase) contains a phrase, sentence, or icon referring the reader to some other location in this or another text. [10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
indicates the type of cross reference, using any convenient typology.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

syn

(synonym) cross reference for synonym information

etym

(etymological) etymological information

cf

(compare or consult) related or similar term

illus

(illustration) illustration of an object

Member of

model.entryPart model.entryPart.top

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entry entryFree etym hom re sense

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang lbl oRef pRef usg

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain character data and phrase-level elements; usually contains a ref or a ptr element.

This element encloses both the actual indication of the location referred to, which may be tagged using the ref or ptr elements, and any accompanying material which gives more information about why the reader is being referred there.

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lavage</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>[Fr. < <mentioned>laver</mentioned>; L. <mentioned>lavare</mentioned>, to wash;
 <xr>see <ref>lather</ref>
  </xr>]. </etym>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. see <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <elementRef key="usg"/>
  <elementRef key="lbl"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element xr
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | usg
    | lbl
    | model.global
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <xr> (cross-reference phrase)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <xr> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <xr> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

10.3.4. Etymological Information

<entry>
<!-- ... -->
 <etym>
  <lang>F</lang> fr. <lang>ML</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <mentioned>neuma</mentioned> fr. <lang>Gk</lang>
  <mentioned>pneuma</mentioned>
  <gloss>breath</gloss>
  <xr type="etym">more at <ptr target="#pneumatic"/>
  </xr>
 </etym>
 <sense>
  <def>any of various symbols used in the notation of Gregorian chant
<!-- ... -->
  </def>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="pneumatic">
 <etym>
<!-- ... -->
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. 2d <ref>-ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry> (From: Webster's Second International)

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publish</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>
  <lang>ME.</lang>
  <mentioned>publisshen</mentioned>,
 <lang>F.</lang>
  <mentioned>publier</mentioned>, <lang>L.</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare,
     publicatum</mentioned>. <xr>See <ref>public</ref>; cf. <ref>2d -ish</ref>.</xr>
 </etym>
</entry>

<lang>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>glee</orth>
 </form>
 <xr>Compare <ptr target="#madrigal.1"/>
 </xr>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="madrigal.1">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr type="syn">
 <lbl>Syn. de</lbl>
 <ref>hôtellerie (sens 1)</ref>.
</xr>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<entry n="2">
 <form>
  <orth>rose</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="inflectedForm">
  <lbl>the past tense of</lbl>
  <ref target="#rise">rise</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="rise">
 <form>
  <orth>rise</orth>
 </form>
<!-- main entry for "rise" as verb -->
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr type="synonym">
 <lbl>syn see</lbl>
 <ref target="#adverse">adverse</ref>
</xr>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="adverse">
 <form>
  <orth>adverse</orth>
 </form>
<!-- list of synonyms for "adverse" -->
</entry>

10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries

<xr>V. <ref target="#armillaire">armillaire</ref>
 <lbl type="sense-restriction">sphère</lbl>
</xr>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lavage</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>[Fr. < <mentioned>laver</mentioned>; L. <mentioned>lavare</mentioned>, to wash;
 <xr>see <ref>lather</ref>
  </xr>]. </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>publier</orth> ... </form>
 <etym>Emprunté au <lang>latin</lang>
  <mentioned>publicare</mentioned>
  <def>mettre à la disposition du public ; montrer au public ; publier (un livre)</def> ,
 <label>dérivé de </label>
  <mentioned>publicus</mentioned>, <xr>v.
  <ref>public1</ref>
  </xr>. La forme <mentioned>puplier</mentioned>, <mentioned>poplier</mentioned>
  <label>attesté en </label>
  <lang>anc. fr.</lang>
  <xr> (v. <ref>supra, <bibl>Grand
         dictionnaire de la langue française</bibl>. et.
   <bibl>Tobler-Lommatzsch</bibl>
   </ref>.)</xr> à côté de<mentioned> publier</mentioned>,
   que l'on trouve à partir de la <date>2e moitié du XIIIe s.</date>
  <bibl>[ms. de la <date>fin XIIIe s.</date>] </bibl>
  <bibl>(Légende de Girart de
     Roussillon, 64 dans Tobler-Lommatzsch),</bibl> est une <label>altération
     d'après</label>
  <mentioned> peuple</mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>clef</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. <ref>clé</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>癲</orth>
 </form>
 <etym>詩經．大雅．雲漢：<mentioned>瘨</mentioned>，病、使困苦； <xr>參見 <ref>癲</ref>
  </xr>。 </etym>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">同義詞：請見 <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<xr>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>lawful</orth>
 </form>
 <xr type="syn">SYN. see <ref>legal</ref>
 </xr>
</entry>

<re>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>kilo-</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>élém. formant</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense>
  <def>entrant dans la constr. de subst. désignant des unités de mesure, dans tous les
     domaines de la phys., valant mille fois l'unité de base </def> ; <xr>v. <ref>kilogramme,
       kilogrammètre, kilomètre, kilotonne, kilowatt et aussi : </ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilocalorie </orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def> unité de mesure de quantité de chaleur valant mille calories (<abbr type="symb">symb. kcal</abbr>)</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilohertz</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>Unité de mesure de fréquence valant mille hertz (<abbr type="symb">kHz</abbr>
       )</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilojoule</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de travail valant mille joules (<abbr type="symb">kJ</abbr>)
   </def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kiloparsec</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de longueur astronomique valant mille parsecs</def> ; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>kilovolt</orth> : </form>
  <sense>
   <def>unité de mesure de différences de potentiel, valant mille volts (<abbr type="symb">kv</abbr>)</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>, </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">(-ni:)</pron>
  </form> or <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">1 <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">2 <usg type="dom">zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">3 <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref target="#auricle.2">auricle (2)</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>[<date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>,
 <gloss>fin</gloss>]</etym>
</entry>
<entry xml:id="auricle.2">
 <form>
<!-- ... -->
 </form>
</entry>

10.5.1. Editorial View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth type="lat" extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth type="std" extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <lbl>another name for</lbl>
   <ref>auricle (sense 2).</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.5.2. Lexical View

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>pinna</orth>
  <pron>"pIn@</pron>
  <form type="inflected">
   <number>pl</number>
   <form>
    <orth type="lat">pinnae</orth>
    <pron>'pIni:</pron>
   </form>
   <orth type="std">pinnas</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>n</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2">
  <usg type="dom">Zoology</usg>
  <def>a feather, wing, fin, or similarly shaped part.</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="3">
  <xr type="syn">
   <ptr target="#auricle.2"/>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <etym>
  <date>C18</date>: via <lang>New Latin</lang> from <lang>Latin</lang>:
 <gloss>wing</gloss>, <gloss>feather</gloss>, <gloss>fin</gloss>
 </etym>
</entry>

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<re>

<re> (related entry) contains a dictionary entry for a lexical item related to the headword, such as a compound phrase or derived form, embedded inside a larger entry. [10.3.6. Related Entries]

Deprecated
will be removed on 2026-03-10

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.entryPart model.entryPart.top

Contained by

core: cit

dictionaries: dictScrap entry entryFree hom re sense

namesdates: nym

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: def dictScrap entry etym form gramGrp lang lbl oRef pRef re sense usg xr

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

May contain character data mixed with any other elements defined in the dictionary tag set.

Identical in sub-elements to an entry tag, and used where a dictionary has embedded information inside one entry which could have formed a separate entry. Some authorities distinguish related entries, run-on entries, and various other types of degenerate entries; no such typology is attempted here.

Example

The following example from Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam Company, 1975) shows a single related entry for which no definition is given, since its meaning is held to be readily derivable from the root entry:

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>neu·ral</orth>
  <pron>'n(y)ūr-əl</pron>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos>adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1">
  <def>of, relating to, or affecting a nerve or the nervous system</def>
 </sense>
 <sense n="2"> ... </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth>neurally</orth>
   <pron extent="suff">-ə-lē</pron>
  </form>
  <gramGrp>
   <pos>adv</pos>
  </gramGrp>
 </entry>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

The following example from Diccionario de la Universidad de Chicago Inglés-Español y Español-Inglés / The University of Chicago Spanish Dictionary, Fourth Edition, compiled by Carlos Castillo and Otto F. Bond (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987) shows a number of related entries embedded in the main entry. The original entry resembles the following:

abeja [a·bé·xa]f. bee;abejera [a·be·xé·ra]f. beehive;abejón [a·be·xóon]m. drone; bumblebee;abejorro [a·be·xó·rro]m. bumble bee.

One encoding for this entry would be:

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f. </gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain"> (ento.) </usg>
  <def> bee </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def> busy bee, hard worker </def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain"> (astron.) </usg>, <def> Musca </def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila"> abeja albanila </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera"> abeja carpintera </orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o3"
    orig="a. reina or maestra"> abeja reina </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o4"> abeja maestra </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def> queen bee </def>;</sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o4"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera"> abeja neutra </orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o3"> abeja obrera </orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>.</sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

In the much larger Simon & Schuster Spanish-English dictionary (Tana de Gámez, ed., Simon and Schuster's International Dictionary (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973).) these derived forms of abeja are treated as separate main entries, but there are other embedded phrases shown as res in its main entry for abeja:

abeja, f. 1. (ento.) bee. 2. busy bee, hard worker. 3. (astron.) A., Musca. — a. albanila, mason bee; a. carpintera, carpenter bee; a. reina or maestra, queen bee; a. neutra or obrera, worker bee.

This entry may be encoded thus:

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>abeja</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <gen>f.</gen>
 </gramGrp>
 <sense n="1.">
  <usg type="domain">(ento.)</usg>
  <def>bee</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="2.">
  <def>busy bee, hard worker</def>. </sense>
 <sense n="3.">
  <usg orig="A." type="domain">(astron.)</usg>, <def>Musca</def> — </sense>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. albanila">abeja albanila</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>mason bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth orig="a. carpintera">abeja carpintera</orth>, </form>
  <sense>
   <def>carpenter bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o1"
    orig="a. reina or maestra">abeja reina</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o1">abeja maestra</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>queen bee</def>; </sense>
 </entry>
 <entry type="relatedEntry">
  <form>
   <orth xml:id="re-o2"
    orig="a. neutra or obrera">abeja neutra</orth>
   <orth mergedIn="#re-o2">abeja obrera</orth>
  </form>
  <sense>
   <def>worker bee</def>. </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="sense"/>
  <classRef key="model.entryPart.top"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element re
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | sense
    | model.entryPart.top
    | model.phrase
    | model.global
   )*
}

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Example: <re> (related entry)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <re> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <re> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<oRef>

<oRef> (orthographic-form reference) in a dictionary example, indicates a reference to the orthographic form(s) of the headword. [10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.notated

@notation

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
indicates the kind of typographic modification made to the headword in the reference.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

cap

(capital) indicates first letter is given as capital

noHyph

(no hyphen) indicates that the headword, though a prefix or suffix, loses its hyphen

Member of

model.ptrLike.form

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

dictionaries: oRef

gaiji: g

character data

Example

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>academy</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>The Royal <oRef type="cap"/> of Arts</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="oRef"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element oRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( text | model.gLike | oRef )*
}

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Example: <oRef> (orthographic-form reference)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <oRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <oRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<case>

<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitive"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<case>

<q rend="display">Das Evangelium, des Evangelii, ...</q>
<entry>
 <form type="lemma">
  <gramGrp>
   <pos value="noun"/>
   <gen value="n"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>Das</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>Evangelium</orth>,</form>
 </form>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <case value="genitiv"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="determiner">
   <orth>des</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>Evangelii</oRef>,</orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<per>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<tns>

<entry>
 <form type="flexion">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="inflected">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singular"/>
   <tns value="present"/>
   <mood value="indicative"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="personalpronoun">
   <orth>du</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="headword">
   <orth>
    <oRef>triffst</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

<mood>

<entry>
 <form type="fléchie">
  <gramGrp>
   <per value="2"/>
   <number value="singulier"/>
   <tns value="présent"/>
   <mood value="indicatif"/>
  </gramGrp>
  <form type="pronom_personnel">
   <orth>tu</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="entrée">
   <orth>
    <oRef>vas</oRef>
   </orth>
  </form>
 </form>
</entry>

10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents

<entry n="1">
 <form>
  <orth>dresser</orth>
 </form>
 <sense n="a">
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Theat</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>habilleur</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>-euse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="dom">Comm</usg>
   <form type="compound">
    <orth>window <oRef/>
    </orth>
   </form>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>étalagiste</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>mf</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <cit type="example">
   <quote>she's a stylish <oRef/>
   </quote>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>elle s'habille avec chic</quote>
   </cit>
  </cit>
  <xr type="see">V. <ref target="#hair">hair</ref>
  </xr>
 </sense>
 <sense n="b">
  <usg type="category">tool</usg>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for wood</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>raboteuse</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>f</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
  <sense>
   <usg type="hint">for stone</usg>
   <cit type="translation" xml:lang="fr">
    <quote>rabotin</quote>
    <gramGrp>
     <gen>m</gen>
    </gramGrp>
   </cit>
  </sense>
 </sense>
</entry>
<!-- ... -->
<entry xml:id="hair">
 <sense>
<!-- ... -->
 </sense>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>weekend</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="borrowing">
  <lbl>source:</lbl>
  <lang>English</lang>
  <oRef>weekend</oRef>
 </etym>
</entry>

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>Handschuh</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="compounding">
  <oRef>Hand</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ˈhant</pRef>): <gloss>hand</gloss>,
 <etym type="metaphor">
   <oRef>Schuh</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ʃuː</pRef>): <gloss>shoe</gloss>
  </etym>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.3.5.1. Examples

<sense n="4">
 <usg type="colloc">
  <oRef type="cap"/> and <mentioned>any</mentioned> are used with
 <mentioned>more</mentioned>
 </usg>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>Give me <oRef/> more</quote>
  <pron extent="part">s@'mO:(r)</pron>
 </cit>
</sense>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<def>army officer above a lieutenant-<oRef/>
</def>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<q>The Royal <oRef type="cap"/> of Arts</q>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth xml:id="di-o1">vag-</orth>
  <orth xml:id="di-o2">vago-</orth>
 </form>
 <def>vagus nerve</def>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o1" type="noHyph"/>al</quote>
  <quote>
   <oRef target="#di-o2" type="noHyph"/>tomy</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<cit type="example">
 <quote>Mr Burton <oRef type="pt">took</oRef> us for French</quote>
</cit>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<cit type="example">
 <quote>was quite <oRef type="pp">
   <oRef/>n</oRef> with him</quote>
</cit>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<cit type="example">
 <quote>it's easy to <oRef next="#ov2" xml:id="ov1">mix</oRef>
   her <oRef prev="#ov1" xml:id="ov2">up</oRef> with her sister</quote>
</cit>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>academy</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>The Royal <oRef type="cap"/> of Arts</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>fait-tout</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>
   <q>Des casseroles et des "<oRef type="noHyph"/>faitouts" pour les ménagères.</q>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

<oRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>學院</orth>
 </form>
 <cit type="example">
  <quote>皇家藝術<oRef/>
  </quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

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C Elements

<pRef>

<pRef> (pronunciation reference) in a dictionary example, indicates a reference to the pronunciation(s) of the headword. [10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.lexicographic

@expand

@split

@value

@location

@mergedIn

@opt

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.notated

@notation

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

Member of

model.ptrLike.form

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth pRef per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

dictionaries: pRef

gaiji: g

character data

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="pRef"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element pRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | pRef )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <pRef> (pronunciation reference)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <pRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <pRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

10. Dictionaries

10. Dictionaries

<etym>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>Handschuh</orth> ... </form>
 <etym type="compounding">
  <oRef>Hand</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ˈhant</pRef>): <gloss>hand</gloss>,
 <etym type="metaphor">
   <oRef>Schuh</oRef> (<pRef notation="ipa">ʃuː</pRef>): <gloss>shoe</gloss>
  </etym>
 </etym>
</entry>

10.4. Headword and Pronunciation References

<form>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">,aw'duhv</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron notation="ipa" xml:id="di-p2">O:r dœvr</pron>
 </form>
</form>
<form type="inflected">
 <number>pl</number>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvres</orth>
 <orth>hors d'oeuvre</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa" extent="part">'duhv(z)</pron>
 <form>
  <usg type="lang">Fr</usg>
  <pron>
   <pRef target="#di-p2"/>
  </pron>
 </form>
</form>

<pRef>

<entry>
 <form>
  <orth>umfahren</orth>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren1">umf'ahren</pron>
  <pron xml:id="umfahren2">'umfahren</pron>
 </form>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul musste die Pfütze <pRef target="#umfahren1"/>, wenn er nicht nass werden wollte.</quote>
 </cit>
 <cit>
  <quote>Paul wollte das Schild nicht absichtlich <pRef target="#umfahren2"/> und beschädigen.</quote>
 </cit>
</entry>

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C Elements

<msDesc>

<msDesc> (manuscript description) contains a description of a single identifiable manuscript or other text-bearing object such as an early printed book. [11.1. Overview]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.docStatus

@status

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.biblLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add cit corr del desc emph head hi item l listBibl meeting note orig p q quote ref reg relatedItem said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage taxonomy

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout msItem musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: climate event location object occupation org person personGrp persona place population state terrain trait

spoken: broadcast scriptStmt u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: head p

linking: ab

msdescription: additional history msContents msFrag msIdentifier msPart physDesc

Note

Although the msDesc has primarily been designed with a view to encoding manuscript descriptions, it may also be used for other objects such as early printed books, fascicles, epigraphs, or any text-bearing objects that require substantial description. If an object is not text-bearing or the reasons for describing the object is not primarily the textual content, the more general object may be more suitable.

Example

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:msContents|tei:physDesc|tei:history|tei:additional">

<!-- Note: This rule applies to <msContents>, <physDesc>, <history>, and <additional> wherever they occur. Luckily they are only allowed in places where they are constrained to 0 or 1 occurrence. If that changes someday, this constraint may will likely need to be updated, too. -->

<!-- Also worth noting that a) if &amp; when we can use abstract patterns, this would be better handled as a single abstract rule somewhere, and concrete rules in the individual <elementSpec>s; and b) I did not test for the existence of "../*[name(.) eq $gi][2]" because then an error would be generated for each of the multiple occurrences of $gi. -->
<sch:let name="gi" value="name(.)"/>
<sch:report test="preceding-sibling::*[ name(.) eq $gi ] and not( following-sibling::*[ name(.) eq $gi ] )"> Only one <sch:name/> is allowed as a child of <sch:value-of select="name(..)"/>.
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="msIdentifier"/>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="msContents"/>
    <elementRef key="physDesc"/>
    <elementRef key="history"/>
    <elementRef key="additional"/>
    <elementRef key="msPart"/>
    <elementRef key="msFrag"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element msDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.docStatus.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      msIdentifier,
      model.headLike*,
      (
         model.pLike+
       | ( msContents | physDesc | history | additional | msPart | msFrag )*
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <msDesc> (manuscript description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <msDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <msDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <p>In Latin, on parchment: written in more than one hand of the 13th cent. in
   England: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns: with a few coloured
   capitals.</p>
 <p>'Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,' the De origine et gestis Regum Angliae of
   Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis: beg. 'Cum mecum multa &amp; de
   multis.'</p>
 <p>On fol. 54v very faint is 'Iste liber est fratris guillelmi de buria de ...
   Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],' 14th cent. (?): 'hanauilla' is written
   at the foot of the page (15th cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March
   17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>Beljakovski sbornik</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">Middle Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">
   <ref target="#DN17">Dujchev N 17</ref>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->
<msDesc xml:id="DN17">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Faraway</settlement>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- ... -->
</msDesc>

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<msDesc xml:id="Gg">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Cambridge</settlement>
  <repository>University Library</repository>
  <idno>Gg.1. 27</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- further description of the manuscript here -->
</msDesc>

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C Elements

<catchwords>

<catchwords> (catchwords) describes the system used to ensure correct ordering of the quires or similar making up a codex, incunable, or other object typically by means of annotations at the foot of the page. [11.3.7. Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<catchwords>Vertical catchwords in the hand of the scribe placed along
the inner bounding line, reading from top to bottom.</catchwords>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:catchwords">
<sch:assert test="ancestor::tei:msDesc or ancestor::tei:egXML">The <sch:name/> element should not be used outside of msDesc.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element catchwords
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <catchwords> (catchwords)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <catchwords> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <catchwords> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.7. Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio

<catchwords>Quires signed on the
last leaf verso in roman numerals.</catchwords>

11.3.7. Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio

<catchwords>Vertical catchwords in the hand of the scribe placed along the inner
bounding line, reading from top to bottom.</catchwords>

<catchwords>

<catchwords>Vertical catchwords in the hand of the scribe placed along
the inner bounding line, reading from top to bottom.</catchwords>

<collation>

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8 9.10, 11.2
     (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
  <catchwords>Catchwords are written horizontally in center or towards the right lower
     margin in various manners: in red ink for quires 1-6 (which are also signed in red ink
     with letters of the alphabet and arabic numerals); quires 7-9 in ink of text within
     yellow decorated frames; quire 10 in red decorated frame; quire 12 in ink of text;
     quire 13 with red decorative slashes; quire 14 added in cursive hand.</catchwords>
 </p>
</collation>

<collation>

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text)
     7-8.8 9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
  <catchwords>Catchwords are written horizontally in center
     or towards the right lower margin in various manners:
     in red ink for quires 1-6 (which are also signed in red
     ink with letters of the alphabet and arabic numerals);
     quires 7-9 in ink of text within yellow decorated frames;
     quire 10 in red decorated frame; quire 12 in ink of text;
     quire 13 with red decorative slashes; quire 14 added in
     cursive hand.</catchwords>
 </p>
</collation>

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C Elements

<dimensions>

<dimensions> (dimensions) contains a dimensional specification. [11.3.4. Dimensions]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
indicates which aspect of the object is being measured.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

leaves

dimensions relate to one or more leaves (e.g. a single leaf, a gathering, or a separately bound part)

ruled

dimensions relate to the area of a leaf which has been ruled in preparation for writing.

pricked

dimensions relate to the area of a leaf which has been pricked out in preparation for ruling (used where this differs significantly from the ruled area, or where the ruling is not measurable).

written

dimensions relate to the area of a leaf which has been written, with the height measured from the top of the minims on the top line of writing, to the bottom of the minims on the bottom line of writing.

miniatures

dimensions relate to the miniatures within the manuscript

binding

dimensions relate to the binding in which the codex or manuscript is contained

box

dimensions relate to the box or other container in which the manuscript is stored.

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

msdescription: depth dim height width

Note

Contains no more than one of each of the specialized elements used to express a three-dimensional object's height, width, and depth, combined with any number of other kinds of dimensional specification.

Example

<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width>105</width>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="ruled">
 <height scope="most">90</height>
 <width scope="most">48</width>
</dimensions>
<dimensions unit="in">
 <height>12</height>
 <width>10</width>
</dimensions>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

This element may be used to record the dimensions of any text-bearing object, not necessarily a codex. For example:

<dimensions type="panels">
 <height scope="all">7004</height>
 <width scope="all">1803</width>
 <dim type="relief" unit="mm">345</dim>
</dimensions>

Show all ⚓︎

This might be used to show that the inscribed panels on some (imaginary) monument are all the same size (7004 by 1803 cm) and stand out from the rest of the monument by 345 mm.

Example

When simple numeric quantities are involved, they may be expressed on the quantity attribute of any or all of the child elements, as in the following example:

<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="ruled">
 <height unit="cm" scope="most"
  quantity="90"/>
 <width unit="cm" scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
</dimensions>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:dimensions">
<sch:report test="count(tei:width) gt 1"> The element <sch:name/> may appear once only
</sch:report>
<sch:report test="count(tei:height) gt 1"> The element <sch:name/> may appear once only
</sch:report>
<sch:report test="count(tei:depth) gt 1"> The element <sch:name/> may appear once only
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="dim"/>
  <classRef key="model.dimLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element dimensions
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( dim | model.dimLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <dimensions> (dimensions)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <dimensions> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <dimensions> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.3.4. Dimensions

<dimensions type="ruled" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"
  unit="mm"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48" unit="mm"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height min="157" max="160" unit="mm"/>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</dimensions>

11.3.4. Dimensions

<dimensions unit="cm">
 <dim type="circumference" quantity="48"
  unit="mm"/>
 <height quantity="90" unit="mm"/>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width>105</width>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="ruled">
 <height scope="most">90</height>
 <width scope="most">48</width>
</dimensions>
<dimensions unit="in">
 <height>12</height>
 <width>10</width>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">328 (336)</height>
 <width unit="mm">203</width>
 <depth unit="mm">74</depth>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">170</height>
 <width unit="mm">98</width>
 <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">168</height>
 <width unit="mm">106</width>
 <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="panels">
 <height scope="all">7004</height>
 <width scope="all">1803</width>
 <dim type="relief" unit="mm">345</dim>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="ruled">
 <height unit="cm" scope="most"
  quantity="90"/>
 <width unit="cm" scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
</dimensions>

11.7.1.2. Extent

<extent>ii + 321 leaves <dimensions unit="cm">
  <height>35</height>
  <width>27</width>
 </dimensions>
</extent>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">168</height>
    <width unit="mm">106</width>
    <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Rouleau de parchemin avec des rubans de<material>soie</material>.</support>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">155</height>
    <width unit="mm">95</width>
    <depth unit="mm">31</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

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C Elements

<dim>

<dim> contains any single measurement forming part of a dimensional specification of some sort. [11.3.4. Dimensions]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.measureLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure measureGrp meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote dimensions explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

gaiji: g

character data

Note

The specific elements width, height, and depth should be used in preference to this generic element wherever appropriate.

Example

<dim type="circumference" extent="4.67 in"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element dim
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.xtext
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <dim>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <dim> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <dim> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.4. Dimensions

<dimensions unit="cm">
 <dim type="circumference" quantity="48"
  unit="mm"/>
 <height quantity="90" unit="mm"/>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="panels">
 <height scope="all">7004</height>
 <width scope="all">1803</width>
 <dim type="relief" unit="mm">345</dim>
</dimensions>

<dim>

<dim type="circumference" extent="4.67 in"/>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.2. Indications of Precision

<dim xml:id="dim1" type="avgLineLength"
 unit="chars" quantity="62.4"/>
<precision target="#dim1" stdDeviation="4"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<height>

<height> (height) contains a measurement measured along the axis at a right angle to the bottom of the object. [11.3.4. Dimensions]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

Member of

model.dimLike model.measureLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure measureGrp meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote dimensions explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

gaiji: g

character data

Example

<height unit="in" quantity="7"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element height
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   macro.xtext
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <height> (height)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <height> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <height> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.dimensions

<height extent="half the page"/>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="leaves" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="ruledArea" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="box" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="leaves" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="ruledArea" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="box" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="頁面" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="直行或橫隔部份" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="盒" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.3.4. Dimensions

<height unit="line" scope="most"
 atLeast="20"/>

11.3.4. Dimensions

<height unit="line" scope="all" min="12"
 max="30"/>

11.3.4. Dimensions

<dimensions type="ruled" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"
  unit="mm"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48" unit="mm"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height min="157" max="160" unit="mm"/>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</dimensions>

11.3.4. Dimensions

<dimensions unit="cm">
 <dim type="circumference" quantity="48"
  unit="mm"/>
 <height quantity="90" unit="mm"/>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width>105</width>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="ruled">
 <height scope="most">90</height>
 <width scope="most">48</width>
</dimensions>
<dimensions unit="in">
 <height>12</height>
 <width>10</width>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">328 (336)</height>
 <width unit="mm">203</width>
 <depth unit="mm">74</depth>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">170</height>
 <width unit="mm">98</width>
 <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">168</height>
 <width unit="mm">106</width>
 <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="panels">
 <height scope="all">7004</height>
 <width scope="all">1803</width>
 <dim type="relief" unit="mm">345</dim>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="ruled">
 <height unit="cm" scope="most"
  quantity="90"/>
 <width unit="cm" scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
</dimensions>

<height>

<height unit="in" quantity="7"/>

<height>

<height unit="in" quantity="7"/>

11.7.1.2. Extent

<extent>ii + 321 leaves <dimensions unit="cm">
  <height>35</height>
  <width>27</width>
 </dimensions>
</extent>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">168</height>
    <width unit="mm">106</width>
    <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Rouleau de parchemin avec des rubans de<material>soie</material>.</support>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">155</height>
    <width unit="mm">95</width>
    <depth unit="mm">31</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<depth>

<depth> (depth) contains a measurement from the front to the back of an object, perpendicular to the measurement given by the width element. [11.3.4. Dimensions]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

Member of

model.dimLike model.measureLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure measureGrp meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote dimensions explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

gaiji: g

character data

Example

<depth unit="in" quantity="4"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element depth
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   macro.xtext
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <depth> (depth)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <depth> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <depth> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="leaves" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="ruledArea" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="box" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="leaves" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="ruledArea" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="box" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="頁面" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="直行或橫隔部份" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="盒" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">328 (336)</height>
 <width unit="mm">203</width>
 <depth unit="mm">74</depth>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">170</height>
 <width unit="mm">98</width>
 <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">168</height>
 <width unit="mm">106</width>
 <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
</dimensions>

<depth>

<depth unit="in" quantity="4"/>

<depth>

<depth unit="mm">64</depth>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">168</height>
    <width unit="mm">106</width>
    <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Rouleau de parchemin avec des rubans de<material>soie</material>.</support>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">155</height>
    <width unit="mm">95</width>
    <depth unit="mm">31</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<width>

<width> (width) contains a measurement of an object along the axis parallel to its bottom, e.g. perpendicular to the spine of a book or codex. [11.3.4. Dimensions]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

Member of

model.dimLike model.measureLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure measureGrp meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote dimensions explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

gaiji: g

character data

Note

If used to specify the depth of a non text-bearing portion of some object, for example a monument, this element conventionally refers to the axis facing the observer, and perpendicular to that indicated by the ‘depth’ axis.

Example

<width unit="in">4</width>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element width
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   macro.xtext
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <width> (width)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <width> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <width> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="leaves" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="ruledArea" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="box" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="leaves" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="ruledArea" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="box" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

<measureGrp>

<measureGrp type="頁面" unit="mm">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="直行或橫隔部份" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</measureGrp>
<measureGrp type="盒" unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
 <depth quantity="6"/>
</measureGrp>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.3.4. Dimensions

<width extent="6 cubit">six
cubits</width>

11.3.4. Dimensions

<width quantity="270" unit="cm">six cubits</width>

11.3.4. Dimensions

<width atLeast="250" atMost="300" unit="cm">six cubits</width>

11.3.4. Dimensions

<dimensions type="ruled" unit="mm">
 <height scope="most" quantity="90"
  unit="mm"/>
 <width scope="most" quantity="48" unit="mm"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height min="157" max="160" unit="mm"/>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width>105</width>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="ruled">
 <height scope="most">90</height>
 <width scope="most">48</width>
</dimensions>
<dimensions unit="in">
 <height>12</height>
 <width>10</width>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">328 (336)</height>
 <width unit="mm">203</width>
 <depth unit="mm">74</depth>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">170</height>
 <width unit="mm">98</width>
 <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="binding">
 <height unit="mm">168</height>
 <width unit="mm">106</width>
 <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="panels">
 <height scope="all">7004</height>
 <width scope="all">1803</width>
 <dim type="relief" unit="mm">345</dim>
</dimensions>

<dimensions>

<dimensions type="leaves">
 <height scope="range">157-160</height>
 <width quantity="105"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions type="ruled">
 <height unit="cm" scope="most"
  quantity="90"/>
 <width unit="cm" scope="most" quantity="48"/>
</dimensions>
<dimensions unit="in">
 <height quantity="12"/>
 <width quantity="10"/>
</dimensions>

<width>

<width unit="in">4</width>

<width>

<width unit="mm">240</width>

11.7.1.2. Extent

<extent>ii + 321 leaves <dimensions unit="cm">
  <height>35</height>
  <width>27</width>
 </dimensions>
</extent>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">168</height>
    <width unit="mm">106</width>
    <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Rouleau de parchemin avec des rubans de<material>soie</material>.</support>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">155</height>
    <width unit="mm">95</width>
    <depth unit="mm">31</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.2. Indications of Precision

<width atLeast="10" atMost="30" unit="cm"
 scope="all"/>

22.2. Indications of Precision

<width xml:id="w00t" atLeast="10"
 atMost="30" unit="cm" scope="all"/>
<precision target="#w00t" match="@atMost"
 precision="low"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<heraldry>

<heraldry> (heraldry) contains a heraldic formula or phrase, typically found as part of a blazon, coat of arms, etc. [11.3.8. Heraldry]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<p>Ownership stamp (xvii cent.) on i recto with the arms
<heraldry>A bull passant within a bordure bezanty,
   in chief a crescent for difference</heraldry> [Cole],
crest, and the legend <q>Cole Deum</q>.</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element heraldry
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <heraldry> (heraldry)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <heraldry> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <heraldry> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.8. Heraldry

<p>Ownership stamp (xvii cent.) on i recto with the arms <heraldry>A bull
   passant within a bordure bezanty, in chief a crescent for difference</heraldry>
[Cole], crest, and the legend <quote>Cole Deum</quote>.</p>
<!-- ... -->
<p>A c. 8r fregio su due lati, <heraldry>stemma e imprese medicee</heraldry>
racchiudono l'inizio dell'epistolario di Paolino.</p>

<heraldry>

<p>Ownership stamp (xvii cent.) on i recto with the arms
<heraldry>A bull passant within a bordure bezanty,
   in chief a crescent for difference</heraldry> [Cole],
crest, and the legend <q>Cole Deum</q>.</p>

<heraldry>

<p>Barbey, en Normandie : <heraldry>d'azur, à deux bars adossés d'argent ; au chef cousu de
   gueules, chargé de trois tourteaux d'or.</heraldry>.</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<locus>

<locus> (locus) defines a location within a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object typically as a (possibly discontinuous) sequence of folio references. [11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

scheme scheme⚓︎
(scheme) identifies the foliation scheme in terms of which the location is being specified by pointing to some foliation element defining it, or to some other equivalent resource.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

from from⚓︎
(from) specifies the starting point of the location in a normalized form, typically a page number.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.word

to to⚓︎
(to) specifies the end-point of the location in a normalized form, typically as a page number.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.word

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout locus locusGrp material msItem msItemStruct musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: hi

gaiji: g

msdescription: locus

character data

Note

The target attribute should only be used to point to elements that contain or indicate a transcription of the locus being described, as in the ‘Ben Jonson’ example.

To associate a locus element with a page image or other comparable representation, the global facs attribute should be used, as shown in the ‘Birds Praise of Love’ example. The facs attribute may be used to indicate one or more image files, as in that example, or alternatively it may point to one or more appropriate XML elements, such as the surface, zone, graphic, or binaryObject elements.

When a single page is being cited, use the from and to attributes with an identical value. When no clear endpoint is provided, the from attribute may be used without to; for example a citation such as ‘p. 3ff’ might be encoded <locus from="3">p. 3ff</locus>.

Example

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

Show all ⚓︎

Example

The facs attribute is available globally when the transcr module is included in a schema. It may be used to point directly to an image file, as in the following example:

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="locus"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element locus
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute scheme { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute from { teidata.word }?,
   attribute to { teidata.word }?,
   ( text | model.gLike | hi | locus )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <locus> (locus)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <locus> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <locus> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus>ff. 1-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus from="1r" to="24r">ff. 1-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus>ff. 1-12v, 18-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="1r" to="12v">ff. 1-12v</locus>
  <locus from="18" to="24r">ff. 18-24r</locus>
 </locusGrp>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="1r" to="12v"/>
  <locus from="18" to="24r"/>
 </locusGrp>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<decoDesc>
 <p>Several of the miniatures in this section have been damaged and overpainted
   at a later date (e.g. the figure of Christ on <locus facs="http://www.example.com/images.fr#F33R">fol. 33r</locus>; the face of the
   Shepherdess on <locus facs="http://www.example.com/images.fr#F59V">fol.
     59v</locus>, etc.).</p>
</decoDesc>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<locus scheme="#original">XCIII</locus>
<locus scheme="#modern">135</locus>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<locusGrp scheme="#original">
 <locus>XCIII</locus>
 <locus>CC-CCII</locus>
</locusGrp>
<locusGrp scheme="#modern">
 <locus>135</locus>
 <locus>197-204</locus>
</locusGrp>

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

<locus>

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

<locus>

<locus target="#zh-tw_P12 #zh-tw_P13 #zh-tw_P14 #zh-tw_P16">fols 12-14, 16r</locus>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="zh-tw_P12"/>
<pb xml:id="zh-tw_P13"/>
<pb xml:id="zh-tw_P14"/>
<pb xml:id="zh-tw_P15"/>
<pb xml:id="zh-tw_P16"/>

<locus>

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

<locusGrp>

<msItem>
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="13" to="26">Bl. 13--26</locus>
  <locus from="37" to="58">37--58</locus>
  <locus from="82" to="96">82--96</locus>
 </locusGrp>
 <note>Stücke von Daniel Ecklin’s Reise ins h. Land</note>
</msItem>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r -7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v -8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="fr">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v -11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation
     throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <summary>A collection of Lollard sermons</summary>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fol. 4r-8r</locus>
  <title>3rd Sunday Before Lent</title>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fol. 9r-16v</locus>
  <title>Sexagesima</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <locus>f. 1-223</locus>
  <author>Radulphus Flaviacensis</author>
  <title>Expositio super Leviticum </title>
  <incipit>
   <locus>f. 1r</locus> Forte Hervei monachi</incipit>
  <explicit>
   <locus>f. 223v</locus> Benedictio salis et aquae</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msItem defective="true">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title type="uniform">Ágrip af Noregs konunga sǫgum</title>
 <incipit defective="true">
  <lb/>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> seti ho<gap reason="illegible" quantity="7"
   unit="mm"/>
  <lb/>sc heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit defective="true">h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex> þa buit hesta .ij.
 <lb/>annan viþ fé en h<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> annan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
</msItem>

11.6.4. Filiation

<msItem>
 <locus>118rb</locus>
 <incipit>Ecce morior cum nichil horum ... <ref>[Dn 13, 43]</ref>. Verba ista
   dixit Susanna de illis</incipit>
 <explicit>ut bonum comune conservatur.</explicit>
 <bibl>Schneyer 3, 436 (Johannes Contractus OFM)</bibl>
 <filiation>weitere Überl. Uppsala C 181, 35r.</filiation>
</msItem>

11.6.5. Text Classification

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1" defective="false"
  class="#law">
  <locus from="1v" to="71v">1v-71v</locus>
  <title type="uniform">Jónsbók</title>
  <incipit>Magnus m<ex>ed</ex> guds miskun Noregs k<ex>onungu</ex>r</incipit>
  <explicit>en<ex>n</ex> u<ex>ir</ex>da þo t<ex>il</ex> fullra aura</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 109-119</locus>
  <title>金剛般若經依天親菩薩論贊略釋秦本義記卷上</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 120-129</locus>
  <title xml:lang="zh-TW">金剛經疏</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 1-1070</locus>
  <title>大般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第5冊</title>
   <biblScope>1070</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 771-775</locus>
  <title>佛說能斷金剛般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 752-757</locus>
  <bibl>
   <title>金剛般若波羅蜜經</title>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 1-8</locus>
  <title>梁朝傅大士頌金剛經</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r-7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v-8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="frm">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v-11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msItem class="#saga">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title>Agrip af Noregs konunga sögum</title>
 <incipit>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> setiho
 <gap reason="illegible" extent="7"/>sc
   heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit>h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex>þa buit hesta .ij. aNan viþ
   fé enh<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> aNan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="non">Old Norse/Icelandic</textLang>
</msItem>

<msItem>

<msItem>
 <locus>f.495</locus>
 <title>台灣隨筆</title>
 <incipit>幾荷蘭人由洋中來，假地日本，久而不帰，遂築城而有之。</incipit>
 <explicit>惟商舶可以航海，凡使節往來咸藉之。</explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItem>
<!-- http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155367 -->

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>
 <locus from="1" to="4">pp.1-4</locus>
 <author>不詳</author>
 <title xml:lang="zh-TW">麻薯舊社屯外委潘清章等立招給墾批總約字</title>
 <rubric>4號，第九例。</rubric>
 <finalRubric>代筆社記</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155368">數位典藏聯合目錄</ref>，國立臺灣大學圖書館管理</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<rubric>

<rubric>Nu koma Skyckiu Rym<ex>ur</ex>.</rubric>
<rubric>Incipit liber de consciencia humana a beatissimo Bernardo editus.</rubric>
<rubric>
 <locus>16. f. 28v in margin: </locus>Dicta Cassiodori
</rubric>

<rubric>

<rubric>Nu koma Skyckiu Rym<ex>ur</ex>.</rubric>
<rubric>Incipit liber de consciencia humana a beatissimo Bernardo editus.</rubric>
<rubric>
 <locus>16. f. 28v in margin: </locus>Dicta Cassiodori
</rubric>

<rubric>

<rubric>華亭徐懷祖燕公著</rubric>
<rubric>代筆社記</rubric>
<rubric>
 <locus>第一頁右緣空白：</locus>4號 第九例
</rubric>

11.7.1.3. Collation

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-3:8, 4:6, 5-13:8</formula>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>There are now four gatherings, the first, second and fourth originally
   consisting of eight leaves, the third of seven. A fifth gathering thought to
   have followed has left no trace. <list>
   <item>Gathering I consists of 7 leaves, a first leaf, originally conjoint with
   <locus>fol. 7</locus>, having been cut away leaving only a narrow strip along
       the gutter; the others, <locus>fols 1</locus> and <locus>6</locus>,
   <locus>2</locus> and <locus>5</locus>, and <locus>3</locus> and
   <locus>4</locus>, are bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering II consists of 8 leaves, 4 bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering III consists of 7 leaves; <locus>fols 16</locus> and
   <locus>22</locus> are conjoint, the others singletons.</item>
   <item>Gathering IV consists of 2 leaves, a bifolium.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>I (1, 2+9, 3+8, 4+7, 5+6, 10); II (11, 12+17, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18,
   19).</p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8
     9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
 </p>
</collation>

11.7.1.4. Foliation

<foliation xml:id="original">
 <p>Original foliation in red roman numerals in the
   middle of the outer margin of each recto</p>
</foliation>
<foliation xml:id="modern">
 <p>Foliated in pencil in the top right corner of each
   recto page.</p>
</foliation>
<!-- ... -->
<locus scheme="#modern">ff 1-20</locus>

11.7.1.6. Layout Description

<layoutDesc>
 <layout ruledLines="25 32">
  <p>On <locus from="1r" to="202v">fols 1r-200v</locus> and <locus from="210r" to="212v">fols 210r-212v</locus> there are between 25 and 32 ruled lines.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout ruledLines="34 50">
  <p>On <locus from="203r" to="209v">fols 203r-209v</locus> there are between 34
     and 50 ruled lines.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc hands="3">
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-1" scope="minor">
  <p>The first part of the manuscript, <locus from="1v" to="72v:4">fols
       1v-72v:4</locus>, is written in a practised Icelandic Gothic bookhand. This hand
     is not found elsewhere.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-2" scope="major">
  <p>The second part of the manuscript, <locus from="72v:4" to="194v">fols
       72v:4-194</locus>, is written in a hand contemporary with the first; it can also
     be found in a fragment of <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>, <ref>AM 20b II
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-3" scope="minor">
  <p>The third hand has written the majority of the chapter headings. This hand
     has been identified as the one also found in <ref>AM 221
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
</handDesc>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniatures">
  <p>Fourteen large miniatures with arched tops, above five lines of text: <list>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 14r</locus>Pericopes. <term>St. John writing on Patmos</term>,
         with the Eagle holding his ink-pot and pen-case; some flaking of pigment,
         especially in the sky</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 26r</locus>Hours of the Virgin, Matins.
    <term>Annunciation</term>; Gabriel and the Dove to the right</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 60r</locus>Prime. <term>Nativity</term>; the <term>Virgin and
           Joseph adoring the Child</term>
    </item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 66r</locus>Terce. <term>Annunciation to the Shepherds</term>,
         one with <term>bagpipes</term>
    </item>
<!-- ... -->
   </list>
  </p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Spaces for initials and chapter headings were left by the scribe but not
   filled in. A later, probably fifteenth-century, hand has added initials and
   chapter headings in greenish-coloured ink on fols <locus>8r</locus>,
 <locus>8v</locus>, <locus>9r</locus>, <locus>10r</locus> and <locus>11r</locus>.
   Although a few of these chapter headings are now rather difficult to read, most
   can be made out, e.g. fol. <locus>8rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">floti ast<ex>ri</ex>d<ex>ar</ex>
  </quote>; fol.
 <locus>9rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">v<ex>m</ex> olaf conung</quote>, and fol.
 <locus>10ra</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">Gipti<ex>n</ex>g ol<ex>a</ex>fs
     k<ex>onun</ex>gs</quote>.</p>
 <p>The manuscript contains the following marginalia: <list>
   <item>Fol. <locus>4v</locus>, left margin: <quote xml:lang="is">hialmadr
    <ex>ok</ex>
     <lb/>brynjadr</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, imitating an addition made
       to the text by the scribe at this point.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>5r</locus>, lower margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þ<ex>e</ex>tta
         þiki m<ex>er</ex> v<ex>er</ex>a gott blek en<ex>n</ex>da kan<ex>n</ex> ek icki
         betr sia</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, probably the same as that on the
       previous page.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>9v</locus>, bottom margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þessa bok
         uilda eg <sic>gæt</sic> lært med
    <lb/>an Gud gefe myer Gott ad
    <lb/>læra</quote>; seventeenth-century hand.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
 <p>There are in addition a number of illegible scribbles in a later hand (or
   hands) on fols <locus>2r</locus>, <locus>3r</locus>, <locus>5v</locus> and
 <locus>19r</locus>.</p>
</additions>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/> 2 columns of 42 lines pricked and ruled in ink, with
     central rule between the columns.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>Prickings for three columns are visible.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/>兩欄共42行以墨水圈選、標誌，欄間有直線分隔。</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>小孔的三欄可見.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/>
     2 columns of 42 lines pricked and ruled in ink, with
     central rule between the columns.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>Prickings for three columns are visible.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

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C Elements

<locusGrp>

<locusGrp> (locus group) groups a number of locations which together form a distinct but discontinuous item within a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object. [11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

scheme scheme⚓︎
(scheme) identifies the foliation scheme in terms of which all the locations contained by the group are specified by pointing to some foliation element defining it, or to some other equivalent resource.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem msItemStruct musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

msdescription: locus

Example

<msItem>
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="13" to="26">Bl. 13--26</locus>
  <locus from="37" to="58">37--58</locus>
  <locus from="82" to="96">82--96</locus>
 </locusGrp>
 <note>Stücke von Daniel Ecklin’s Reise ins h. Land</note>
</msItem>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="locus" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element locusGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute scheme { teidata.pointer }?,
   locus+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <locusGrp> (locus group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <locusGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <locusGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="1r" to="12v">ff. 1-12v</locus>
  <locus from="18" to="24r">ff. 18-24r</locus>
 </locusGrp>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="1r" to="12v"/>
  <locus from="18" to="24r"/>
 </locusGrp>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<locusGrp scheme="#original">
 <locus>XCIII</locus>
 <locus>CC-CCII</locus>
</locusGrp>
<locusGrp scheme="#modern">
 <locus>135</locus>
 <locus>197-204</locus>
</locusGrp>

<locusGrp>

<msItem>
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="13" to="26">Bl. 13--26</locus>
  <locus from="37" to="58">37--58</locus>
  <locus from="82" to="96">82--96</locus>
 </locusGrp>
 <note>Stücke von Daniel Ecklin’s Reise ins h. Land</note>
</msItem>

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C Elements

<material>

<material> (material) contains a word or phrase describing the material of which the object being described is composed. [11.3.2. Material and Object Type]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

function function⚓︎
describes the function or use of the material in relation to the object as a whole.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

binding

covering material of a codex

endband

sewing at the head or tail of the codex spine to strengthen the binding, often decorative

slipcase

removable protective cover for a set of one or more codices

support

the surface for writing

tie

a ribbon or string used to bind or close a codex or rolled scroll

Note

The sample values here are for descriptive bibliography. Other sets of sample values might include armrests, legs, tabletop, pan, and back for furniture; or wall, floor, window, column, ceiling, roof, stairs, chimney for architecture.

target target⚓︎
identifies one or more elements to which the metamark applies.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The ref attribute may be used to point to one or more items within a taxonomy of types of material, defined either internally or externally.

Example

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <material>Parchment</material> leaves with a
 <material>sharkskin</material> binding.</p>
</physDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element material
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute function { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute target { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <material> (material)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <material> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <material> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.3.2. Material and Object Type

<binding>
 <p>Brown <material>calfskin</material>, previously with two clasps.</p>
</binding>

11.3.2. Material and Object Type

<support>
 <p>
  <material function="support">Parchment</material>
  <objectType>codex</objectType> with half <material function="binding">goat-leather</material>
   binding.</p>
</support>

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

<support>
 <material>Rag
   paper</material> with <watermark>anchor</watermark> watermark
</support>

<material>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <material>Parchment</material> leaves with a
 <material>sharkskin</material> binding.</p>
</physDesc>

<material>

<p>
 <index indexName="typo_decor">
  <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
 </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé
</p>

<material>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <material>羊皮</material> 頁面用
 <material>鯊魚皮</material>
   捆綁</p>
</physDesc>

<watermark>

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Rag paper</material> with <watermark>anchor</watermark> watermark</p>
</support>

<watermark>

<support>
 <p>
  <material>布漿紙</material>上有 <watermark>錨點</watermark>水印</p>
</support>

11.7.1. Object Description

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc>
  <p>Mostly <material>paper</material>, with watermarks
  <watermark>unicorn</watermark> (<ref>Briquet 9993</ref>) and
  <watermark>ox</watermark> (close to <ref>Briquet 2785</ref>). The first and last
     leaf of each quire, with the exception of quires xvi and xviii, are constituted
     by bifolia of parchment, and all seven miniatures have been painted on inserted
     singletons of parchment.</p>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

11.7.1.1. Support

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Paper</material> with watermark: <watermark>anchor in a circle with
     star on top</watermark>, <watermark>countermark B-B with trefoil</watermark>
   similar to <ref>Mošin, Anchor N 1680</ref>
  <date>1570-1585</date>.</p>
</support>

11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions

<binding>
 <p>Bound, s. XVIII (?), in <material>diced russia leather</material>
   retaining most of the original 15th century metal ornaments (but with some
   replacements) as well as the heavy wooden boards.</p>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On each cover: alternating circular stamps of the Holy Monogram, a
     sunburst, and a flower.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On the cornerpieces, one of which is missing, a rectangular stamp
     of the Agnus Dei.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <condition>Front and back leather inlaid panels very badly worn.</condition>
 <p>Rebacked during the 19th century.</p>
</binding>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>Early modern
  <material>parchment</material> and
  <material>paper</material>.</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>現代早期 <material>羊皮紙</material>與<material>白紙</material>。</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<supportDesc>

<supportDesc>
 <support> Parchment roll with <material>silk</material> ribbons.
 </support>
</supportDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc form="roll">
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Parchment roll with <material>silk</material> ribbons.
  </support>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Rouleau de parchemin avec des rubans de<material>soie</material>.</support>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">155</height>
    <width unit="mm">95</width>
    <depth unit="mm">31</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc form="roll">
 <supportDesc>
  <support> 羊毛紙以<material>絲質</material>緞帶捆綁。</support>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Décor mosaïqué, avec formes géométriques à répétition</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> citron</p>
  <decoNote type="plats">à décor mosaïqué dit à répétition, dont l’effet de dallage est
     obtenu par des pièces polylobées de maroquin noir, ornée chacune d’une composition de
     petits fers plein or, cantonnées de petits disques de maroquin rouge ponctué chacun
     d’un cercle plein or, le tout serti de filets dorés courbes.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 5 nerfs à décor analogue (pièce polylobée de maroquin noir
     avec composition identique, cantonnée de quatre disques rouges, ponctués du même
     cercle plein or) ; filets dorés sur les nerfs ; pièce de titre rouge dans le 2e
     caisson, soulignée de deux lignes de points dorés identiques à celle portée en tête et
     queue du dos, sur une bande de maroquin noir.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples droites, tricolores (noir, bleu et
     rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes dorées, proposant en alternance un filet simple et une
     succession de traits obliques.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes">Signet de soie rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées sur marbrure à motif caillouté, dans les tons
     bleu et rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées d’une roulette à motif de zigzag.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier plein or et gardes blanches (1 + 1), sans
     filigrane.<watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition/>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>
  <index indexName="typo_reliure">
   <term>Reliure à la grecque, sur ais</term>
  </index>
  <index indexName="typo_decor">
   <term>Décor de rinceaux</term>
  </index> Reliure à la grecque en <material>maroquin</material> orange</p>
 <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes de Henri II dorées sur une pièce de maroquin olive
   découpée à la forme exacte des armes (104 mm), mosaïquée dans un rectangle central aux
   angles orné d'un léger motif de rinceaux peints en noir, le tout encadré d'une large
   bordure mosaïquée de maroquin rouge, à plein décor de rinceaux dorés (incluant un
   croissant dans les angles) dessinés en réserve sur un fond pointillé doré.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Au plat supérieur, titre <q>i • schonerii • opera •</q> doré
   au-dessus du bloc armorial.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos long à décor analogue avec pièces losangées de maroquin rouge et
   brun mosaïquées, respectivement au centre et aux deux extrémités du dos, ornées d'un
   décor de rinceaux doré en réserve sur un fond doré pointillé, avec fer azuré au chapeau
   à chaque extrémité ; chaque pièce de maroquin est redessinée par un encadrement argenté,
   lui-même complété de rinceaux sur les côtés et relevé par des traits tracés de plume à
   effet de rayures.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles doubles bicolores : points droits sur chevrons,
   bleus et jaunes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Chants des ais rainurés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes">Traces de petits boulons aux angles du rectangle intérieur ;
   traces des quatre lanières tressées d'origine sur les deux plats ; pas de traces de
   sabots.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées, ciselées et peintes (teinte rosée), à décor de
   rinceaux incluant des éléments de l'héraldique royale : triple croissant en tête, grand
   H couronné associé à un croissant en gouttière, chiffre HH en queue.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Absence de chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure"/>
 <condition/>
</binding>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Compartiments espacés</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> rouge sombre</p>
  <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes du chancelier Pierre Séguier, à décor de compartiments
     complétés de fers filigranés, parmi lesquels un fer à la petite tête (type B).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 6 nerfs, à décor filigrané analogue ; palette ornée sur les
     nerfs et en tête et queue du dos ; titrage dans le 2e caisson.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles à chapiteau tricolore (bleu, blanc et rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes ornées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes"/>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats">Contregardes en papier marbré à petit peigne, dans les tons
     bleu, blanc, jaune, rouge et blanc.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">
   <watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition>Quelques taches sombres
<!--surla --> sur le plat supérieur et larges
     éraflures du cuir au plat inférieur. Restauration en queue du mors inférieur (bande de
     cuir).</condition>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

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§

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C Elements

<objectType>

<objectType> (object type) contains a word or phrase describing the type of object being referred to. [11.3.2. Material and Object Type]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The ref attribute may be used to point to one or more items within a taxonomy of types of object, defined either internally or externally.

Example

<physDesc>
 <p> Paper and vellum <objectType>codex</objectType> in modern cloth binding.</p>
</physDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<physDesc>
 <p>Fragment of a re-used marble <objectType>funerary stele</objectType>.
 </p>
</physDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element objectType
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <objectType> (object type)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <objectType> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <objectType> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.2. Material and Object Type

<support>
 <p>
  <material function="support">Parchment</material>
  <objectType>codex</objectType> with half <material function="binding">goat-leather</material>
   binding.</p>
</support>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p> Paper and vellum <objectType>codex</objectType> in modern cloth binding.</p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p>Fragment of a re-used marble <objectType>funerary stele</objectType>.
 </p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <objectType>Codex</objectType> avec feuilles de parchemin colorées avec la pourpre du murex.
 </p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <objectType>Socle</objectType> fragmentaire d'Aphrodite Anadyomène en terre cuite.</p>
</physDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<origDate>

<origDate> (origin date) contains any form of date, used to identify the date of origin for a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object. [11.3.1. Origination]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.calendarSystem

@calendar

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<origDate notBefore="-0300"
 notAfter="-0200">3rd century BCE</origDate>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element origDate
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.calendarSystem.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.global )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <origDate> (origin date)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <origDate> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <origDate> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<origDate>

<origDate notBefore="-0300"
 notAfter="-0200">3rd century BCE</origDate>

<origDate>

<origDate notBefore="-0300"
 notAfter="-0200">3rd century BCE</origDate>

<origDate>

<origDate notBefore="-0300"
 notAfter="-0200">西元前三世紀</origDate>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>Durham</origPlace> during <origDate notBefore="1125"
    notAfter="1175">the mid-twelfth
       century</origDate>.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval catalogues of the books belonging to
  <name type="org">Durham Priory</name>, made in <date>1391</date> and
  <date>1405</date>.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to <name type="person">W. Olleyf</name> by <name type="person">William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)</name> and later belonged to
  <name type="person">Henry Dalton</name>, Prior of Holy Island (<name type="place">Lindisfarne</name>) according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to <name type="org">Trinity College</name> in
  <date>1738</date> by <name type="person">Thomas Gale</name> and his son <name type="person">Roger</name>.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<msPart>

<msPart>
 <msIdentifier>
  <idno>A</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Becker</collection>
   <idno>48, Nr. 145</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Wiener Liste</collection>
   <idno>4°5</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <head>
  <title xml:lang="la">Gregorius: Homiliae in Ezechielem</title>
  <origPlace key="tgn_7008085">Weissenburg (?)</origPlace>
  <origDate notBefore="0801"
   notAfter="0815">IX. Jh., Anfang</origDate>
 </head>
</msPart>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Home

C Elements

<origPlace>

<origPlace> (origin place) contains any form of place name, used to identify the place of origin for a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object. [11.3.1. Origination]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The type attribute may be used to distinguish different kinds of ‘origin’, for example original place of publication, as opposed to original place of printing.

Example

<origPlace>Birmingham</origPlace>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element origPlace
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <origPlace> (origin place)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <origPlace> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <origPlace> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<origPlace>

<origPlace>Birmingham</origPlace>

<origPlace>

<origPlace>Birmingham</origPlace>

<origPlace>

<origPlace>伯明罕</origPlace>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>Durham</origPlace> during <origDate notBefore="1125"
    notAfter="1175">the mid-twelfth
       century</origDate>.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval catalogues of the books belonging to
  <name type="org">Durham Priory</name>, made in <date>1391</date> and
  <date>1405</date>.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to <name type="person">W. Olleyf</name> by <name type="person">William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)</name> and later belonged to
  <name type="person">Henry Dalton</name>, Prior of Holy Island (<name type="place">Lindisfarne</name>) according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to <name type="org">Trinity College</name> in
  <date>1738</date> by <name type="person">Thomas Gale</name> and his son <name type="person">Roger</name>.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<msPart>

<msPart>
 <msIdentifier>
  <idno>A</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Becker</collection>
   <idno>48, Nr. 145</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Wiener Liste</collection>
   <idno>4°5</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <head>
  <title xml:lang="la">Gregorius: Homiliae in Ezechielem</title>
  <origPlace key="tgn_7008085">Weissenburg (?)</origPlace>
  <origDate notBefore="0801"
   notAfter="0815">IX. Jh., Anfang</origDate>
 </head>
</msPart>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<secFol>

<secFol> (second folio) marks the word or words taken from a fixed point in a codex (typically the beginning of the second leaf) in order to provide a unique identifier for it. [11.3.7. Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<secFol>(con-)versio morum</secFol>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:secFol">
<sch:assert test="ancestor::tei:msDesc or ancestor::tei:egXML">The <sch:name/> element should not be used outside of msDesc.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element secFol
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <secFol> (second folio)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <secFol> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <secFol> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.7. Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio

<secFol>(ando-)ssene in una villa</secFol>

<secFol>

<secFol>(con-)versio morum</secFol>

<secFol>

<secFol>(con-)versio morum</secFol>

<secFol>

<secFol>当臥遊適</secFol>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<signatures>

<signatures> (signatures) contains discussion of the leaf or quire signatures found within a codex or similar object. [11.3.7. Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<signatures>Quire and leaf signatures in letters, [b]-v, and roman
numerals; those in quires 10 (1) and 17 (s) in red ink and different
from others; every third quire also signed with red crayon in arabic
numerals in the center lower margin of the first leaf recto: "2" for
quire 4 (f. 19), "3" for quire 7 (f. 43); "4," barely visible, for
quire 10 (f. 65), "5," in a later hand, for quire 13 (f. 89), "6," in
a later hand, for quire 16 (f. 113).</signatures>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:signatures">
<sch:assert test="ancestor::tei:msDesc or ancestor::tei:egXML">The <sch:name/> element should not be used outside of msDesc.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element signatures
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <signatures> (signatures)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <signatures> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <signatures> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.7. Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio

<signatures>At the bottom of the
first four leaves of quires 1-14 are the remains of a series of quire signatures
a-o plus roman figures in a cursive hand of the fourteenth century.</signatures>

11.3.7. Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio

<signatures>Quire and leaf
signatures in letters, [b]-v, and roman numerals; those in quires 10 (1) and 17
(s) in red ink and different from others; every third quire also signed with red
crayon in arabic numerals in the centre lower margin of the first leaf recto:
"2" for quire 4 (f. 19), "3" for quire 7 (f. 43); "4", barely visible, for quire
10 (f. 65), "5", in a later hand, for quire 13 (f. 89), "6", in a later hand,
for quire 16 (f. 113).</signatures>

<signatures>

<signatures>Quire and leaf signatures in letters, [b]-v, and roman
numerals; those in quires 10 (1) and 17 (s) in red ink and different
from others; every third quire also signed with red crayon in arabic
numerals in the center lower margin of the first leaf recto: "2" for
quire 4 (f. 19), "3" for quire 7 (f. 43); "4," barely visible, for
quire 10 (f. 65), "5," in a later hand, for quire 13 (f. 89), "6," in
a later hand, for quire 16 (f. 113).</signatures>

<signatures>

<signatures>Quire and leaf signatures in letters, [b]-v, and roman numerals; those in quires
10 (1) and 17 (s) in red ink and different from others; every third quire also signed with
red crayon in arabic numerals in the center lower margin of the first leaf recto: "2" for
quire 4 (f. 19), "3" for quire 7 (f. 43); "4," barely visible, for quire 10 (f. 65), "5,"
in a later hand, for quire 13 (f. 89), "6," in a later hand, for quire 16 (f.
113).</signatures>

<signatures>

<signatures>正文前有朱紅藏印: 「武陵人」朱文橢圓印、「國立中央圖/書館收藏」朱文長方印、「奕/修」朱文方印、「約/齋」朱文雙{234245}方印。</signatures>

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C Elements

<stamp>

<stamp> (stamp) contains a word or phrase describing a stamp or similar device. [11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<rubric>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV<lb/>
SI NON LICET<lb/>
NOBIS RO<lb/>
manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element stamp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <stamp> (stamp)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <stamp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <stamp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

<rubric>
 <lb/>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV
<lb/>SI NON LICET
<lb/>NOBIS RO
<lb/>manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

<binding>
 <p>Modern calf recasing with original armorial stamp <stamp>with legend
  <mentioned xml:lang="la">Ex Bibliotheca J. Richard
       D.M.</mentioned>
  </stamp>
 </p>
</binding>

<stamp>

<rubric>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV<lb/>
SI NON LICET<lb/>
NOBIS RO<lb/>
manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

<stamp>

<rubric>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV<lb/> SI NON LICET<lb/> NOBIS RO<lb/>
manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

<stamp>

<rubric>乾隆御覽之寶<stamp>清乾隆玉璽</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

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<watermark>

<watermark> (watermark) contains a word or phrase describing a watermark or similar device. [11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.pPart.msdesc

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Rag paper</material> with <watermark>anchor</watermark> watermark</p>
</support>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element watermark
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <watermark> (watermark)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <watermark> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <watermark> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

<support>
 <material>Rag
   paper</material> with <watermark>anchor</watermark> watermark
</support>

<watermark>

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Rag paper</material> with <watermark>anchor</watermark> watermark</p>
</support>

<watermark>

<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)--><decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>

<watermark>

<support>
 <p>
  <material>布漿紙</material>上有 <watermark>錨點</watermark>水印</p>
</support>

11.7.1. Object Description

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc>
  <p>Mostly <material>paper</material>, with watermarks
  <watermark>unicorn</watermark> (<ref>Briquet 9993</ref>) and
  <watermark>ox</watermark> (close to <ref>Briquet 2785</ref>). The first and last
     leaf of each quire, with the exception of quires xvi and xviii, are constituted
     by bifolia of parchment, and all seven miniatures have been painted on inserted
     singletons of parchment.</p>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

11.7.1.1. Support

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Paper</material> with watermark: <watermark>anchor in a circle with
     star on top</watermark>, <watermark>countermark B-B with trefoil</watermark>
   similar to <ref>Mošin, Anchor N 1680</ref>
  <date>1570-1585</date>.</p>
</support>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Décor mosaïqué, avec formes géométriques à répétition</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> citron</p>
  <decoNote type="plats">à décor mosaïqué dit à répétition, dont l’effet de dallage est
     obtenu par des pièces polylobées de maroquin noir, ornée chacune d’une composition de
     petits fers plein or, cantonnées de petits disques de maroquin rouge ponctué chacun
     d’un cercle plein or, le tout serti de filets dorés courbes.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 5 nerfs à décor analogue (pièce polylobée de maroquin noir
     avec composition identique, cantonnée de quatre disques rouges, ponctués du même
     cercle plein or) ; filets dorés sur les nerfs ; pièce de titre rouge dans le 2e
     caisson, soulignée de deux lignes de points dorés identiques à celle portée en tête et
     queue du dos, sur une bande de maroquin noir.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples droites, tricolores (noir, bleu et
     rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes dorées, proposant en alternance un filet simple et une
     succession de traits obliques.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes">Signet de soie rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées sur marbrure à motif caillouté, dans les tons
     bleu et rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées d’une roulette à motif de zigzag.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier plein or et gardes blanches (1 + 1), sans
     filigrane.<watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition/>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>
  <index indexName="typo_reliure">
   <term>Reliure à la grecque, sur ais</term>
  </index>
  <index indexName="typo_decor">
   <term>Décor de rinceaux</term>
  </index> Reliure à la grecque en <material>maroquin</material> orange</p>
 <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes de Henri II dorées sur une pièce de maroquin olive
   découpée à la forme exacte des armes (104 mm), mosaïquée dans un rectangle central aux
   angles orné d'un léger motif de rinceaux peints en noir, le tout encadré d'une large
   bordure mosaïquée de maroquin rouge, à plein décor de rinceaux dorés (incluant un
   croissant dans les angles) dessinés en réserve sur un fond pointillé doré.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Au plat supérieur, titre <q>i • schonerii • opera •</q> doré
   au-dessus du bloc armorial.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos long à décor analogue avec pièces losangées de maroquin rouge et
   brun mosaïquées, respectivement au centre et aux deux extrémités du dos, ornées d'un
   décor de rinceaux doré en réserve sur un fond doré pointillé, avec fer azuré au chapeau
   à chaque extrémité ; chaque pièce de maroquin est redessinée par un encadrement argenté,
   lui-même complété de rinceaux sur les côtés et relevé par des traits tracés de plume à
   effet de rayures.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles doubles bicolores : points droits sur chevrons,
   bleus et jaunes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Chants des ais rainurés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes">Traces de petits boulons aux angles du rectangle intérieur ;
   traces des quatre lanières tressées d'origine sur les deux plats ; pas de traces de
   sabots.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées, ciselées et peintes (teinte rosée), à décor de
   rinceaux incluant des éléments de l'héraldique royale : triple croissant en tête, grand
   H couronné associé à un croissant en gouttière, chiffre HH en queue.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Absence de chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure"/>
 <condition/>
</binding>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Compartiments espacés</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> rouge sombre</p>
  <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes du chancelier Pierre Séguier, à décor de compartiments
     complétés de fers filigranés, parmi lesquels un fer à la petite tête (type B).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 6 nerfs, à décor filigrané analogue ; palette ornée sur les
     nerfs et en tête et queue du dos ; titrage dans le 2e caisson.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles à chapiteau tricolore (bleu, blanc et rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes ornées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes"/>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats">Contregardes en papier marbré à petit peigne, dans les tons
     bleu, blanc, jaune, rouge et blanc.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">
   <watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition>Quelques taches sombres
<!--surla --> sur le plat supérieur et larges
     éraflures du cuir au plat inférieur. Restauration en queue du mors inférieur (bande de
     cuir).</condition>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier> (manuscript identifier) contains the information required to identify the manuscript or similar object being described. [11.4. The Manuscript Identifier]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.biblPart

Contained by

core: bibl

msdescription: msDesc msFrag msPart

May contain

header: idno

msdescription: altIdentifier collection institution msName repository

namesdates: bloc country district geogName objectName placeName region settlement

Example

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</msIdentifier>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:msIdentifier">
<sch:report test="not( parent::tei:msPart ) and ( child::*[1]/self::idno or child::*[1]/self::altIdentifier or normalize-space(.) eq '')">An msIdentifier must contain either a repository or location.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <sequence>
   <classRef key="model.placeNamePart"
    expand="sequenceOptional"/>
   <elementRef key="institution"
    minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="repository"
    minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="collection"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <elementRef key="idno" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="msName"/>
   <elementRef key="objectName"/>
   <elementRef key="altIdentifier"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element msIdentifier
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      (
         placeName?,
         bloc?,
         country?,
         region?,
         settlement?,
         district?,
         geogName?,
         institution?,
         repository?,
         collection*,
         idno*
      ),
      ( msName | objectName | altIdentifier )*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <msIdentifier> (manuscript identifier)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <msIdentifier> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <msIdentifier> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <p>In Latin, on parchment: written in more than one hand of the 13th cent. in
   England: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns: with a few coloured
   capitals.</p>
 <p>'Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,' the De origine et gestis Regum Angliae of
   Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis: beg. 'Cum mecum multa &amp; de
   multis.'</p>
 <p>On fol. 54v very faint is 'Iste liber est fratris guillelmi de buria de ...
   Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],' 14th cent. (?): 'hanauilla' is written
   at the foot of the page (15th cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March
   17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>El</collection>
 <idno>26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Hungary</country>
 <settlement>Budapest</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr"> Bibliothèque de l'Académie des Sciences de Hongrie </repository>
 <collection>Oriental Collection</collection>
 <collection>Sandor Kégl Bequest</collection>
 <idno>MS 1265</idno>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>New Jersey</region>
 <settlement>Princeton</settlement>
 <repository>Princeton University Library</repository>
 <collection>Scheide Library</collection>
 <idno>MS 71</idno>
 <msName>Blickling Homiliary</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Danmark</country>
 <settlement>København</settlement>
 <repository>Det Arnamagnæanske Institut</repository>
 <idno>AM 45 fol.</idno>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Frisianus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="is">Fríssbók</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Rossano</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="it">Biblioteca arcivescovile</repository>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Rossanensis</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex purpureus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="en">The Rossano Gospels</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Madrid</settlement>
 <repository>Biblioteca Nacional</repository>
 <idno>MS 10237</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <region>Andalucia</region>
  <settlement>Osuna</settlement>
  <repository>Duque de Osuna</repository>
  <idno>II-M-5</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Berkeley</settlement>
 <institution>University of California</institution>
 <repository>Bancroft Library</repository>
 <idno>UCB 16</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>2MS BS1145 I8</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
 <altIdentifier type="SC">
  <idno>2297</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>France</country>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
 <idno>B- 73</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>B-121</idno>
  <note> Cote de la bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe siècle (inscrite à l'encre, sur la
     doublure de tabis).</note>
 </altIdentifier>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>Double de B. 274. A (Réserve)</idno>
  <note>Cote inscrite face à la page de titre, en remplacement de la cote "1541",
     barrée</note>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>台北</settlement>
 <repository>故宮博物院</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<institution>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<repository>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<collection>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>Ellesmere</collection>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>Beljakovski sbornik</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">Middle Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">
   <ref target="#DN17">Dujchev N 17</ref>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->
<msDesc xml:id="DN17">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Faraway</settlement>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- ... -->
</msDesc>

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msPart>
 <msIdentifier>
  <idno>A</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Becker</collection>
   <idno>48, Nr. 145</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Wiener Liste</collection>
   <idno>4°5</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <head>
  <title xml:lang="la">Gregorius: Homiliae in Ezechielem</title>
  <origPlace key="tgn_7008085">Weissenburg (?)</origPlace>
  <origDate notBefore="0801"
   notAfter="0815">IX. Jh., Anfang</origDate>
 </head>
</msPart>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<msDesc xml:id="Gg">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Cambridge</settlement>
  <repository>University Library</repository>
  <idno>Gg.1. 27</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- further description of the manuscript here -->
</msDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Home

C Elements

<institution>

<institution> (institution) contains the name of an organization such as a university or library, with which a manuscript or other object is identified, generally its holding institution. [11.4. The Manuscript Identifier]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Contained by

msdescription: altIdentifier msIdentifier

namesdates: objectIdentifier

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element institution
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <institution> (institution)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <institution> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <institution> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Berkeley</settlement>
 <institution>University of California</institution>
 <repository>Bancroft Library</repository>
 <idno>UCB 16</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>2MS BS1145 I8</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<institution>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<repository>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <region>Oxfordshire</region>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
 <collection>English Treasures</collection>
 <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
 <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
 <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
</objectIdentifier>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<repository>

<repository> (repository) contains the name of a repository within which manuscripts or other objects are stored, possibly forming part of an institution. [11.4. The Manuscript Identifier]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

Contained by

msdescription: altIdentifier msIdentifier

namesdates: objectIdentifier

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element repository
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <repository> (repository)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <repository> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <repository> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <p>In Latin, on parchment: written in more than one hand of the 13th cent. in
   England: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns: with a few coloured
   capitals.</p>
 <p>'Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,' the De origine et gestis Regum Angliae of
   Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis: beg. 'Cum mecum multa &amp; de
   multis.'</p>
 <p>On fol. 54v very faint is 'Iste liber est fratris guillelmi de buria de ...
   Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],' 14th cent. (?): 'hanauilla' is written
   at the foot of the page (15th cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March
   17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>El</collection>
 <idno>26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Hungary</country>
 <settlement>Budapest</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr"> Bibliothèque de l'Académie des Sciences de Hongrie </repository>
 <collection>Oriental Collection</collection>
 <collection>Sandor Kégl Bequest</collection>
 <idno>MS 1265</idno>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>New Jersey</region>
 <settlement>Princeton</settlement>
 <repository>Princeton University Library</repository>
 <collection>Scheide Library</collection>
 <idno>MS 71</idno>
 <msName>Blickling Homiliary</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Danmark</country>
 <settlement>København</settlement>
 <repository>Det Arnamagnæanske Institut</repository>
 <idno>AM 45 fol.</idno>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Frisianus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="is">Fríssbók</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Rossano</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="it">Biblioteca arcivescovile</repository>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Rossanensis</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex purpureus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="en">The Rossano Gospels</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Madrid</settlement>
 <repository>Biblioteca Nacional</repository>
 <idno>MS 10237</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <region>Andalucia</region>
  <settlement>Osuna</settlement>
  <repository>Duque de Osuna</repository>
  <idno>II-M-5</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Berkeley</settlement>
 <institution>University of California</institution>
 <repository>Bancroft Library</repository>
 <idno>UCB 16</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>2MS BS1145 I8</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
 <altIdentifier type="SC">
  <idno>2297</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>France</country>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
 <idno>B- 73</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>B-121</idno>
  <note> Cote de la bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe siècle (inscrite à l'encre, sur la
     doublure de tabis).</note>
 </altIdentifier>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>Double de B. 274. A (Réserve)</idno>
  <note>Cote inscrite face à la page de titre, en remplacement de la cote "1541",
     barrée</note>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>台北</settlement>
 <repository>故宮博物院</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<institution>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<repository>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<collection>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>Ellesmere</collection>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <settlement>台北市中正區</settlement>
 <repository>國立歷史博物館</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</altIdentifier>

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<msDesc xml:id="Gg">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Cambridge</settlement>
  <repository>University Library</repository>
  <idno>Gg.1. 27</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- further description of the manuscript here -->
</msDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <region>Oxfordshire</region>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
 <collection>English Treasures</collection>
 <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
 <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
 <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
</objectIdentifier>

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C Elements

<collection>

<collection> (collection) contains the name of a collection of manuscripts or other objects, not necessarily located within a single repository. [11.4. The Manuscript Identifier]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

msdescription: altIdentifier msIdentifier

namesdates: objectIdentifier

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>Ellesmere</collection>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element collection
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Home

C Elements

Example: <collection> (collection)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <collection> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <collection> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>El</collection>
 <idno>26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<collection>El</collection>
<idno>El 26 C 9</idno>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<collection>Ellesmere</collection>
<idno>El 26 C 9</idno>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Hungary</country>
 <settlement>Budapest</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr"> Bibliothèque de l'Académie des Sciences de Hongrie </repository>
 <collection>Oriental Collection</collection>
 <collection>Sandor Kégl Bequest</collection>
 <idno>MS 1265</idno>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>New Jersey</region>
 <settlement>Princeton</settlement>
 <repository>Princeton University Library</repository>
 <collection>Scheide Library</collection>
 <idno>MS 71</idno>
 <msName>Blickling Homiliary</msName>
</msIdentifier>

<collection>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>Ellesmere</collection>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

<msPart>

<msPart>
 <msIdentifier>
  <idno>A</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Becker</collection>
   <idno>48, Nr. 145</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Wiener Liste</collection>
   <idno>4°5</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <head>
  <title xml:lang="la">Gregorius: Homiliae in Ezechielem</title>
  <origPlace key="tgn_7008085">Weissenburg (?)</origPlace>
  <origDate notBefore="0801"
   notAfter="0815">IX. Jh., Anfang</origDate>
 </head>
</msPart>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <region>Oxfordshire</region>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
 <collection>English Treasures</collection>
 <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
 <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
 <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
</objectIdentifier>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier> (alternative identifier) contains an alternative or former structured identifier used for a manuscript or other object, such as a former catalogue number. [11.4. The Manuscript Identifier]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

msdescription: msFrag msIdentifier

namesdates: objectIdentifier

May contain

core: note

header: idno

msdescription: collection institution repository

namesdates: bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement

Note

An identifying number of some kind must be supplied if known; if it is not known, this should be stated.

Example

<altIdentifier>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</altIdentifier>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.placeNamePart"
   expand="sequenceOptional"/>
  <elementRef key="institution"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="repository"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="collection"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="idno"/>
  <elementRef key="note" minOccurs="0"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element altIdentifier
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      placeName?,
      bloc?,
      country?,
      region?,
      settlement?,
      district?,
      geogName?,
      institution?,
      repository?,
      collection?,
      idno,
      note?
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <altIdentifier> (alternative identifier)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <altIdentifier> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <altIdentifier> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <p>In Latin, on parchment: written in more than one hand of the 13th cent. in
   England: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns: with a few coloured
   capitals.</p>
 <p>'Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,' the De origine et gestis Regum Angliae of
   Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis: beg. 'Cum mecum multa &amp; de
   multis.'</p>
 <p>On fol. 54v very faint is 'Iste liber est fratris guillelmi de buria de ...
   Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],' 14th cent. (?): 'hanauilla' is written
   at the foot of the page (15th cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March
   17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Madrid</settlement>
 <repository>Biblioteca Nacional</repository>
 <idno>MS 10237</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <region>Andalucia</region>
  <settlement>Osuna</settlement>
  <repository>Duque de Osuna</repository>
  <idno>II-M-5</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Berkeley</settlement>
 <institution>University of California</institution>
 <repository>Bancroft Library</repository>
 <idno>UCB 16</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>2MS BS1145 I8</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
 <altIdentifier type="SC">
  <idno>2297</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>France</country>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
 <idno>B- 73</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>B-121</idno>
  <note> Cote de la bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe siècle (inscrite à l'encre, sur la
     doublure de tabis).</note>
 </altIdentifier>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>Double de B. 274. A (Réserve)</idno>
  <note>Cote inscrite face à la page de titre, en remplacement de la cote "1541",
     barrée</note>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <idno>B 106</idno>
 <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe siècle.</note>
</altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <settlement>台北市中正區</settlement>
 <repository>國立歷史博物館</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</altIdentifier>

<msPart>

<msPart>
 <msIdentifier>
  <idno>A</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Becker</collection>
   <idno>48, Nr. 145</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Wiener Liste</collection>
   <idno>4°5</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <head>
  <title xml:lang="la">Gregorius: Homiliae in Ezechielem</title>
  <origPlace key="tgn_7008085">Weissenburg (?)</origPlace>
  <origDate notBefore="0801"
   notAfter="0815">IX. Jh., Anfang</origDate>
 </head>
</msPart>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<msName>

<msName> (manuscript name) contains a proper noun or noun phrase used for a manuscript, or other object, as opposed to a formal identification number or classmark. [11.4. The Manuscript Identifier]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

msdescription: msIdentifier

namesdates: objectIdentifier

May contain

core: name rs

gaiji: g

character data

Example

<msName>The Vercelli Book</msName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="rs"/>
  <elementRef key="name"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element msName
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | rs | name )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <msName> (manuscript name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <msName> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <msName> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>El</collection>
 <idno>26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>New Jersey</region>
 <settlement>Princeton</settlement>
 <repository>Princeton University Library</repository>
 <collection>Scheide Library</collection>
 <idno>MS 71</idno>
 <msName>Blickling Homiliary</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Danmark</country>
 <settlement>København</settlement>
 <repository>Det Arnamagnæanske Institut</repository>
 <idno>AM 45 fol.</idno>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Frisianus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="is">Fríssbók</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Rossano</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="it">Biblioteca arcivescovile</repository>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Rossanensis</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex purpureus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="en">The Rossano Gospels</msName>
</msIdentifier>

<collection>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>Ellesmere</collection>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

<msName>

<msName>The Vercelli Book</msName>

<msName>

<msName>The Vercelli Book</msName>
<!--NOTE : LA TRADUCTION DE MSNAME EST A REPRENDRE-->

<msName>

<msName>心經</msName>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<colophon>

<colophon> (colophon) contains the colophon of an item: that is, a statement providing information regarding the date, place, agency, or reason for production of the manuscript or other object. [11.6.1. The msItem and msItemStruct Elements]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.msExcerpt

@defective

Member of

model.msQuoteLike

Contained by

msdescription: msItem msItemStruct

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<colophon>Ricardus Franciscus Scripsit Anno Domini
1447.</colophon>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<colophon>Explicit expliceat/scriptor ludere eat.</colophon>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<colophon>Explicit venenum viciorum domini illius, qui comparavit Anno
domini Millessimo Trecentesimo nonagesimo primo, Sabbato in festo
sancte Marthe virginis gloriose. Laus tibi criste quia finitur
libellus iste.</colophon>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element colophon
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.msExcerpt.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <colophon> (colophon)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <colophon> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <colophon> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<colophon>

<colophon>Ricardus Franciscus Scripsit Anno Domini
1447.</colophon>

<colophon>

<colophon>Orate pro scriba que scripsit hunc librum : Nomen ejus Elisabeth.</colophon>

<colophon>

<colophon>Explicit expliceat/scriptor ludere eat.</colophon>

<colophon>

<colophon>Explicit venenum viciorum domini illius, qui comparavit Anno domini Millessimo
Trecentesimo nonagesimo primo, Sabbato in festo sancte Marthe virginis gloriose. Laus tibi
criste quia finitur libellus iste.</colophon>

<colophon>

<colophon>大明萬曆甲寅夏季月。西蜀輔慈沙門明昱書</colophon>

<colophon>

<colophon>宋咸淳五年歲在己巳八月上日。四明福泉沙門志磐寓東湖月波山。謹序。</colophon>

<colophon>

<colophon>Explicit expliceat/scriptor ludere eat.</colophon>

<colophon>

<colophon>Explicit venenum viciorum domini illius, qui comparavit Anno
domini Millessimo Trecentesimo nonagesimo primo, Sabbato in festo
sancte Marthe virginis gloriose. Laus tibi criste quia finitur
libellus iste.</colophon>

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<explicit>

<explicit> (explicit) contains the explicit of a item, that is, the closing words of the text proper, exclusive of any rubric or colophon which might follow it. [11.6.1. The msItem and msItemStruct Elements]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.msExcerpt

@defective

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.biblPart model.msQuoteLike

Contained by

core: bibl

msdescription: msItem msItemStruct

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<explicit>sed libera nos a malo.</explicit>
<rubric>Hic explicit oratio qui dicitur dominica.</rubric>
<explicit type="defective">ex materia quasi et forma sibi
proporti<gap/>
</explicit>
<explicit type="reverse">saued be shulle that doome of day the at
</explicit>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element explicit
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.msExcerpt.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <explicit> (explicit)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <explicit> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <explicit> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <locus>f. 1-223</locus>
  <author>Radulphus Flaviacensis</author>
  <title>Expositio super Leviticum </title>
  <incipit>
   <locus>f. 1r</locus> Forte Hervei monachi</incipit>
  <explicit>
   <locus>f. 223v</locus> Benedictio salis et aquae</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msItem defective="true">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title type="uniform">Ágrip af Noregs konunga sǫgum</title>
 <incipit defective="true">
  <lb/>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> seti ho<gap reason="illegible" quantity="7"
   unit="mm"/>
  <lb/>sc heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit defective="true">h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex> þa buit hesta .ij.
 <lb/>annan viþ fé en h<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> annan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
</msItem>

11.6.4. Filiation

<msItem>
 <locus>118rb</locus>
 <incipit>Ecce morior cum nichil horum ... <ref>[Dn 13, 43]</ref>. Verba ista
   dixit Susanna de illis</incipit>
 <explicit>ut bonum comune conservatur.</explicit>
 <bibl>Schneyer 3, 436 (Johannes Contractus OFM)</bibl>
 <filiation>weitere Überl. Uppsala C 181, 35r.</filiation>
</msItem>

11.6.5. Text Classification

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1" defective="false"
  class="#law">
  <locus from="1v" to="71v">1v-71v</locus>
  <title type="uniform">Jónsbók</title>
  <incipit>Magnus m<ex>ed</ex> guds miskun Noregs k<ex>onungu</ex>r</incipit>
  <explicit>en<ex>n</ex> u<ex>ir</ex>da þo t<ex>il</ex> fullra aura</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<explicit>

<explicit>sed libera nos a malo.</explicit>
<rubric>Hic explicit oratio qui dicitur dominica.</rubric>
<explicit type="defective">ex materia quasi et forma sibi
proporti<gap/>
</explicit>
<explicit type="reverse">saued be shulle that doome of day the at
</explicit>

<explicit>

<explicit>sed libera nos a malo.</explicit>
<rubric>Hic explicit oratio qui dicitur dominica.</rubric>
<explicit type="defective">ex materia quasi et forma sibi proporti<gap/>
</explicit>
<explicit type="reverse">saued be shulle that doome of day the at</explicit>

<explicit>

<explicit>佛說是經已。諸比丘聞佛所說。歡喜奉行。</explicit>

<msItem>

<msItem class="#saga">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title>Agrip af Noregs konunga sögum</title>
 <incipit>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> setiho
 <gap reason="illegible" extent="7"/>sc
   heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit>h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex>þa buit hesta .ij. aNan viþ
   fé enh<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> aNan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="non">Old Norse/Icelandic</textLang>
</msItem>

<msItem>

<msItem>
 <locus>f.495</locus>
 <title>台灣隨筆</title>
 <incipit>幾荷蘭人由洋中來，假地日本，久而不帰，遂築城而有之。</incipit>
 <explicit>惟商舶可以航海，凡使節往來咸藉之。</explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItem>
<!-- http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155367 -->

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C Elements

<filiation>

<filiation> (filiation) contains information concerning the manuscript or other object's filiation, i.e. its relationship to other surviving manuscripts or other objects of the same text or contents, its protographs, antigraphs and apographs. [11.6.1. The msItem and msItemStruct Elements]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.msItemPart

Contained by

msdescription: msItem msItemStruct

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>Beljakovski sbornik</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">Middle Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">
   <ref target="#DN17">Dujchev N 17</ref>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->
<msDesc xml:id="DN17">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Faraway</settlement>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- ... -->
</msDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

In this example, the reference to ‘Dujchev N17’ includes a link to some other manuscript description which has the identifier DN17.

Example

<msItem>
 <title>Guan-ben</title>
 <filiation>
  <p>The "Guan-ben" was widely current among mathematicians in the
     Qing dynasty, and "Zhao Qimei version" was also read. It is
     therefore difficult to know the correct filiation path to follow.
     The study of this era is much indebted to Li Di. We explain the
     outline of his conclusion here. Kong Guangsen
     (1752-1786)(17) was from the same town as Dai Zhen, so he obtained
     "Guan-ben" from him and studied it(18). Li Huang (d. 1811)
     (19) took part in editing Si Ku Quan Shu, so he must have had
     "Guan-ben". Then Zhang Dunren (1754-1834) obtained this version,
     and studied "Da Yan Zong Shu Shu" (The General Dayan
     Computation). He wrote Jiu Yi Suan Shu (Mathematics
     Searching for One, 1803) based on this version of Shu Xue Jiu
     Zhang (20).</p>
  <p>One of the most important persons in restoring our knowledge
     concerning the filiation of these books was Li Rui (1768(21)
     -1817)(see his biography). ... only two volumes remain of this
     manuscript, as far as chapter 6 (chapter 3 part 2) p.13, that is,
     question 2 of "Huan Tian San Ji" (square of three loops),
     which later has been lost.</p>
 </filiation>
</msItem>
<!--http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~jochi/ed1.htm-->

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element filiation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <filiation> (filiation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <filiation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <filiation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.6.4. Filiation

<msItem>
 <locus>118rb</locus>
 <incipit>Ecce morior cum nichil horum ... <ref>[Dn 13, 43]</ref>. Verba ista
   dixit Susanna de illis</incipit>
 <explicit>ut bonum comune conservatur.</explicit>
 <bibl>Schneyer 3, 436 (Johannes Contractus OFM)</bibl>
 <filiation>weitere Überl. Uppsala C 181, 35r.</filiation>
</msItem>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>Beljakovski sbornik</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">Middle Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">
   <ref target="#DN17">Dujchev N 17</ref>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->
<msDesc xml:id="DN17">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Faraway</settlement>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- ... -->
</msDesc>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>元豐類稿</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">元大德八年丁思敬南豐刊本</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">王文進《文祿堂訪書記》</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">清內府《天祿琳琅書目》
  <ref target="#zh-tw_DN17"/>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->

<filiation>

<msItem>
 <title>明藏</title>
 <filiation>
  <p>明藏有四︰在南京刻的稱南藏，在北京刻的稱北藏，在浙江武林刻的稱武林藏，在徑山等處刻過的稱徑山或嘉興藏。徑山藏，是會合南北藏本而以北本為主的；日本的黃檗藏就是徑山藏的翻刻本，而卍字藏復淵源于黃檗藏，可見徑山藏給與日本的影響了。</p>
  <p>明藏因年代較近，國內外還有完整的存本；惟武林藏本，卻已全佚，其特點是始改梵夾為方冊。</p>
 </filiation>
</msItem>
<!--http://www.cbeta.org/data/budadata/hisutra.htm-->

<filiation>

<msItem>
 <title>Guan-ben</title>
 <filiation>
  <p>The "Guan-ben" was widely current among mathematicians in the
     Qing dynasty, and "Zhao Qimei version" was also read. It is
     therefore difficult to know the correct filiation path to follow.
     The study of this era is much indebted to Li Di. We explain the
     outline of his conclusion here. Kong Guangsen
     (1752-1786)(17) was from the same town as Dai Zhen, so he obtained
     "Guan-ben" from him and studied it(18). Li Huang (d. 1811)
     (19) took part in editing Si Ku Quan Shu, so he must have had
     "Guan-ben". Then Zhang Dunren (1754-1834) obtained this version,
     and studied "Da Yan Zong Shu Shu" (The General Dayan
     Computation). He wrote Jiu Yi Suan Shu (Mathematics
     Searching for One, 1803) based on this version of Shu Xue Jiu
     Zhang (20).</p>
  <p>One of the most important persons in restoring our knowledge
     concerning the filiation of these books was Li Rui (1768(21)
     -1817)(see his biography). ... only two volumes remain of this
     manuscript, as far as chapter 6 (chapter 3 part 2) p.13, that is,
     question 2 of "Huan Tian San Ji" (square of three loops),
     which later has been lost.</p>
 </filiation>
</msItem>
<!--http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~jochi/ed1.htm-->

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<finalRubric>

<finalRubric> (final rubric) contains the string of words that denotes the end of a text division, often with an assertion as to its author and title, usually set off from the text itself by red ink, by a different size or type of script, or by some other such visual device. [11.6.1. The msItem and msItemStruct Elements]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.msExcerpt

@defective

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.msQuoteLike

Contained by

msdescription: msItem msItemStruct

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<finalRubric>Explicit le romans de la Rose ou l'art
d'amours est toute enclose.</finalRubric>
<finalRubric>ok lúkv ver þar Brennu-Nials savgv</finalRubric>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element finalRubric
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.msExcerpt.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <finalRubric> (final rubric)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <finalRubric> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <finalRubric> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<finalRubric>

<finalRubric>Explicit le romans de la Rose ou l'art
d'amours est toute enclose.</finalRubric>
<finalRubric>ok lúkv ver þar Brennu-Nials savgv</finalRubric>

<finalRubric>

<finalRubric>Explicit le romans de la Rose ou l'art d'amours est toute enclose.</finalRubric>
<finalRubric>Ci falt la geste que Turoldus declinet. </finalRubric>

<finalRubric>

<finalRubric>黃幼莘貢俚</finalRubric>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>
 <locus from="1" to="4">pp.1-4</locus>
 <author>不詳</author>
 <title xml:lang="zh-TW">麻薯舊社屯外委潘清章等立招給墾批總約字</title>
 <rubric>4號，第九例。</rubric>
 <finalRubric>代筆社記</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155368">數位典藏聯合目錄</ref>，國立臺灣大學圖書館管理</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

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C Elements

<incipit>

<incipit> contains the incipit of a manuscript or similar object item, that is the opening words of the text proper, exclusive of any rubric which might precede it, of sufficient length to identify the work uniquely; such incipits were, in former times, frequently used a means of reference to a work, in place of a title. [11.6.1. The msItem and msItemStruct Elements]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.msExcerpt

@defective

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.biblPart model.msQuoteLike

Contained by

core: bibl

msdescription: msItem msItemStruct

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<incipit>Pater noster qui es in celis</incipit>
<incipit defective="true">tatem dedit hominibus alleluia.</incipit>
<incipit type="biblical">Ghif ons huden onse dagelix broet</incipit>
<incipit>O ongehoerde gewerdighe christi</incipit>
<incipit type="lemma">Firmiter</incipit>
<incipit>Ideo dicit firmiter quia ordo fidei nostre probari non potest</incipit>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element incipit
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.msExcerpt.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <incipit>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <incipit> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <incipit> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <locus>f. 1-223</locus>
  <author>Radulphus Flaviacensis</author>
  <title>Expositio super Leviticum </title>
  <incipit>
   <locus>f. 1r</locus> Forte Hervei monachi</incipit>
  <explicit>
   <locus>f. 223v</locus> Benedictio salis et aquae</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msItem defective="true">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title type="uniform">Ágrip af Noregs konunga sǫgum</title>
 <incipit defective="true">
  <lb/>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> seti ho<gap reason="illegible" quantity="7"
   unit="mm"/>
  <lb/>sc heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit defective="true">h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex> þa buit hesta .ij.
 <lb/>annan viþ fé en h<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> annan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
</msItem>

11.6.4. Filiation

<msItem>
 <locus>118rb</locus>
 <incipit>Ecce morior cum nichil horum ... <ref>[Dn 13, 43]</ref>. Verba ista
   dixit Susanna de illis</incipit>
 <explicit>ut bonum comune conservatur.</explicit>
 <bibl>Schneyer 3, 436 (Johannes Contractus OFM)</bibl>
 <filiation>weitere Überl. Uppsala C 181, 35r.</filiation>
</msItem>

11.6.5. Text Classification

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1" defective="false"
  class="#law">
  <locus from="1v" to="71v">1v-71v</locus>
  <title type="uniform">Jónsbók</title>
  <incipit>Magnus m<ex>ed</ex> guds miskun Noregs k<ex>onungu</ex>r</incipit>
  <explicit>en<ex>n</ex> u<ex>ir</ex>da þo t<ex>il</ex> fullra aura</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<incipit>

<incipit>Pater noster qui es in celis</incipit>
<incipit defective="true">tatem dedit hominibus alleluia.</incipit>
<incipit type="biblical">Ghif ons huden onse dagelix broet</incipit>
<incipit>O ongehoerde gewerdighe christi</incipit>
<incipit type="lemma">Firmiter</incipit>
<incipit>Ideo dicit firmiter quia ordo fidei nostre probari non potest</incipit>

<incipit>

<incipit>Pater noster qui es in celis</incipit>
<incipit defective="true">tatem dedit hominibus alleluia.</incipit>
<incipit type="biblical">Ghif ons huden onse dagelix broet</incipit>
<incipit>O ongehoerde gewerdighe christi</incipit>
<incipit type="lemma">Firmiter</incipit>
<incipit>Ideo dicit firmiter quia ordo fidei nostre probari non potest</incipit>

<incipit>

<incipit>大學之道在明明德</incipit>

<msItem>

<msItem class="#saga">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title>Agrip af Noregs konunga sögum</title>
 <incipit>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> setiho
 <gap reason="illegible" extent="7"/>sc
   heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit>h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex>þa buit hesta .ij. aNan viþ
   fé enh<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> aNan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="non">Old Norse/Icelandic</textLang>
</msItem>

<msItem>

<msItem>
 <locus>f.495</locus>
 <title>台灣隨筆</title>
 <incipit>幾荷蘭人由洋中來，假地日本，久而不帰，遂築城而有之。</incipit>
 <explicit>惟商舶可以航海，凡使節往來咸藉之。</explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItem>
<!-- http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155367 -->

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<msContents>

<msContents> (manuscript contents) describes the intellectual content of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object either as a series of paragraphs or as a series of structured manuscript items. [11.6. Intellectual Content]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.msClass

@class

att.msExcerpt

@defective

Contained by

msdescription: msDesc msFrag msPart

namesdates: object

May contain

core: p textLang

linking: ab

msdescription: msItem msItemStruct summary

textstructure: titlePage

Note

Unless it contains a simple prose description, this element should contain at least one of the elements summary, msItem, or msItemStruct. This constraint is not currently enforced by the schema.

Example

<msContents class="#sermons">
 <p>A collection of Lollard sermons</p>
</msContents>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r-7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v-8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="frm">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v-11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="textLang" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="titlePage"
    minOccurs="0"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="msItem"/>
    <elementRef key="msItemStruct"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element msContents
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.msClass.attributes,
   att.msExcerpt.attributes,
   (
      model.pLike+
    | ( summary?, textLang?, titlePage?, ( msItem | msItemStruct )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Home

C Elements

Example: <msContents> (manuscript contents)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <msContents> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <msContents> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <p>A collection of Lollard sermons</p>
</msContents>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <p>Atlas of the world from Western Europe and Africa to Indochina, containing 27
   maps and 26 tables</p>
</msContents>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <p>Biblia sacra: Antiguo y Nuevo Testamento, con prefacios, prólogos y
   argumentos de san Jerónimo y de otros. Interpretaciones de los nombres
   hebreos.</p>
</msContents>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r -7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v -8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="fr">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v -11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation
     throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <summary>A collection of Lollard sermons</summary>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fol. 4r-8r</locus>
  <title>3rd Sunday Before Lent</title>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fol. 9r-16v</locus>
  <title>Sexagesima</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <locus>f. 1-223</locus>
  <author>Radulphus Flaviacensis</author>
  <title>Expositio super Leviticum </title>
  <incipit>
   <locus>f. 1r</locus> Forte Hervei monachi</incipit>
  <explicit>
   <locus>f. 223v</locus> Benedictio salis et aquae</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.5. Text Classification

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1" defective="false"
  class="#law">
  <locus from="1v" to="71v">1v-71v</locus>
  <title type="uniform">Jónsbók</title>
  <incipit>Magnus m<ex>ed</ex> guds miskun Noregs k<ex>onungu</ex>r</incipit>
  <explicit>en<ex>n</ex> u<ex>ir</ex>da þo t<ex>il</ex> fullra aura</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>Beljakovski sbornik</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">Middle Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">
   <ref target="#DN17">Dujchev N 17</ref>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->
<msDesc xml:id="DN17">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Faraway</settlement>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- ... -->
</msDesc>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>元豐類稿</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">元大德八年丁思敬南豐刊本</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">王文進《文祿堂訪書記》</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">清內府《天祿琳琅書目》
  <ref target="#zh-tw_DN17"/>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->

<msContents>

<msContents class="#sermons">
 <p>A collection of Lollard sermons</p>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <p>金剛般若波羅蜜經</p>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 109-119</locus>
  <title>金剛般若經依天親菩薩論贊略釋秦本義記卷上</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 120-129</locus>
  <title xml:lang="zh-TW">金剛經疏</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 1-1070</locus>
  <title>大般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第5冊</title>
   <biblScope>1070</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 771-775</locus>
  <title>佛說能斷金剛般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 752-757</locus>
  <bibl>
   <title>金剛般若波羅蜜經</title>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 1-8</locus>
  <title>梁朝傅大士頌金剛經</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r-7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v-8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="frm">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v-11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<msItem>

<msItem> (manuscript item) describes an individual work or item within the intellectual content of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object. [11.6.1. The msItem and msItemStruct Elements]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.msClass

@class

att.msExcerpt

@defective

Member of

model.msItemPart

Contained by

msdescription: msContents msItem

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: author bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb cit editor ellipsis gap gb graphic index lb listBibl meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb quote respStmt textLang title

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: biblFull funder idno principal sponsor

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: colophon decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric incipit locus locusGrp msDesc msItem msItemStruct rubric

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: argument byline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph imprimatur titlePart

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<msItem class="#saga">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title>Agrip af Noregs konunga sögum</title>
 <incipit>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> setiho
 <gap reason="illegible" extent="7"/>sc
   heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit>h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex>þa buit hesta .ij. aNan viþ
   fé enh<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> aNan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="non">Old Norse/Icelandic</textLang>
</msItem>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="locus"/>
   <elementRef key="locusGrp"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.titlepagePart"/>
    <classRef key="model.msItemPart"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element msItem
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.msClass.attributes,
   att.msExcerpt.attributes,
   (
      ( locus | locusGrp )*,
      (
         model.pLike+
       | ( model.titlepagePart | model.msItemPart | model.global )+
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <msItem> (manuscript item)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <msItem> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <msItem> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus>ff. 1-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus from="1r" to="24r">ff. 1-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus>ff. 1-12v, 18-24r</locus>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="1r" to="12v">ff. 1-12v</locus>
  <locus from="18" to="24r">ff. 18-24r</locus>
 </locusGrp>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="1r" to="12v"/>
  <locus from="18" to="24r"/>
 </locusGrp>
 <title>Apocalypsis beati Ioannis Apostoli</title>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

<locus>

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

<locus>

<msItem>
 <locus facs="images/08v.jpg images/09r.jpg images/09v.jpg images/10r.jpg images/10v.jpg">fols. 8v-10v</locus>
 <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
 <bibl>
  <title>IMEV</title>
  <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
 </bibl>
</msItem>

<locusGrp>

<msItem>
 <locusGrp>
  <locus from="13" to="26">Bl. 13--26</locus>
  <locus from="37" to="58">37--58</locus>
  <locus from="82" to="96">82--96</locus>
 </locusGrp>
 <note>Stücke von Daniel Ecklin’s Reise ins h. Land</note>
</msItem>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r -7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v -8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="fr">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v -11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation
     throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <summary>A collection of Lollard sermons</summary>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fol. 4r-8r</locus>
  <title>3rd Sunday Before Lent</title>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fol. 9r-16v</locus>
  <title>Sexagesima</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <locus>f. 1-223</locus>
  <author>Radulphus Flaviacensis</author>
  <title>Expositio super Leviticum </title>
  <incipit>
   <locus>f. 1r</locus> Forte Hervei monachi</incipit>
  <explicit>
   <locus>f. 223v</locus> Benedictio salis et aquae</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msItem defective="true">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title type="uniform">Ágrip af Noregs konunga sǫgum</title>
 <incipit defective="true">
  <lb/>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> seti ho<gap reason="illegible" quantity="7"
   unit="mm"/>
  <lb/>sc heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit defective="true">h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex> þa buit hesta .ij.
 <lb/>annan viþ fé en h<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> annan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
</msItem>

11.6.4. Filiation

<msItem>
 <locus>118rb</locus>
 <incipit>Ecce morior cum nichil horum ... <ref>[Dn 13, 43]</ref>. Verba ista
   dixit Susanna de illis</incipit>
 <explicit>ut bonum comune conservatur.</explicit>
 <bibl>Schneyer 3, 436 (Johannes Contractus OFM)</bibl>
 <filiation>weitere Überl. Uppsala C 181, 35r.</filiation>
</msItem>

11.6.5. Text Classification

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1" defective="false"
  class="#law">
  <locus from="1v" to="71v">1v-71v</locus>
  <title type="uniform">Jónsbók</title>
  <incipit>Magnus m<ex>ed</ex> guds miskun Noregs k<ex>onungu</ex>r</incipit>
  <explicit>en<ex>n</ex> u<ex>ir</ex>da þo t<ex>il</ex> fullra aura</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.5. Text Classification

<msItem class="#law #war">
 <p>A treatise on Clausewitz</p>
<!-- details of the item here -->
</msItem>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>Beljakovski sbornik</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">Middle Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">
   <ref target="#DN17">Dujchev N 17</ref>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->
<msDesc xml:id="DN17">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Faraway</settlement>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- ... -->
</msDesc>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>元豐類稿</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">元大德八年丁思敬南豐刊本</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">王文進《文祿堂訪書記》</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">清內府《天祿琳琅書目》
  <ref target="#zh-tw_DN17"/>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->

<filiation>

<msItem>
 <title>明藏</title>
 <filiation>
  <p>明藏有四︰在南京刻的稱南藏，在北京刻的稱北藏，在浙江武林刻的稱武林藏，在徑山等處刻過的稱徑山或嘉興藏。徑山藏，是會合南北藏本而以北本為主的；日本的黃檗藏就是徑山藏的翻刻本，而卍字藏復淵源于黃檗藏，可見徑山藏給與日本的影響了。</p>
  <p>明藏因年代較近，國內外還有完整的存本；惟武林藏本，卻已全佚，其特點是始改梵夾為方冊。</p>
 </filiation>
</msItem>
<!--http://www.cbeta.org/data/budadata/hisutra.htm-->

<filiation>

<msItem>
 <title>Guan-ben</title>
 <filiation>
  <p>The "Guan-ben" was widely current among mathematicians in the
     Qing dynasty, and "Zhao Qimei version" was also read. It is
     therefore difficult to know the correct filiation path to follow.
     The study of this era is much indebted to Li Di. We explain the
     outline of his conclusion here. Kong Guangsen
     (1752-1786)(17) was from the same town as Dai Zhen, so he obtained
     "Guan-ben" from him and studied it(18). Li Huang (d. 1811)
     (19) took part in editing Si Ku Quan Shu, so he must have had
     "Guan-ben". Then Zhang Dunren (1754-1834) obtained this version,
     and studied "Da Yan Zong Shu Shu" (The General Dayan
     Computation). He wrote Jiu Yi Suan Shu (Mathematics
     Searching for One, 1803) based on this version of Shu Xue Jiu
     Zhang (20).</p>
  <p>One of the most important persons in restoring our knowledge
     concerning the filiation of these books was Li Rui (1768(21)
     -1817)(see his biography). ... only two volumes remain of this
     manuscript, as far as chapter 6 (chapter 3 part 2) p.13, that is,
     question 2 of "Huan Tian San Ji" (square of three loops),
     which later has been lost.</p>
 </filiation>
</msItem>
<!--http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~jochi/ed1.htm-->

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 109-119</locus>
  <title>金剛般若經依天親菩薩論贊略釋秦本義記卷上</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 120-129</locus>
  <title xml:lang="zh-TW">金剛經疏</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第85冊</title>
   <biblScope>10</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 1-1070</locus>
  <title>大般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第5冊</title>
   <biblScope>1070</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 771-775</locus>
  <title>佛說能斷金剛般若波羅蜜多經</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 752-757</locus>
  <bibl>
   <title>金剛般若波羅蜜經</title>
   <title>大正新脩大藏經第8冊</title>
   <biblScope>6</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 1-8</locus>
  <title>梁朝傅大士頌金剛經</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fols. 5r-7v</locus>
  <title>An ABC</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>239</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fols. 7v-8v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="frm">Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>3747</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="3">
  <locus>fol. 8v</locus>
  <title>Truth</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>809</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="4">
  <locus>fols. 8v-10v</locus>
  <title>Birds Praise of Love</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>1506</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="5">
  <locus>fols. 10v-11v</locus>
  <title xml:lang="la">De amico ad amicam</title>
  <title xml:lang="la">Responcio</title>
  <bibl>
   <title>IMEV</title>
   <biblScope>16 &amp; 19</biblScope>
  </bibl>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="6">
  <locus>fols. 14r-126v</locus>
  <title>Troilus and Criseyde</title>
  <note>Bk. 1:71-Bk. 5:1701, with additional losses due to mutilation throughout</note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msItem class="#saga">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title>Agrip af Noregs konunga sögum</title>
 <incipit>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> setiho
 <gap reason="illegible" extent="7"/>sc
   heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit>h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex>þa buit hesta .ij. aNan viþ
   fé enh<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> aNan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="non">Old Norse/Icelandic</textLang>
</msItem>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msItem>
 <locus>f.495</locus>
 <title>台灣隨筆</title>
 <incipit>幾荷蘭人由洋中來，假地日本，久而不帰，遂築城而有之。</incipit>
 <explicit>惟商舶可以航海，凡使節往來咸藉之。</explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItem>
<!-- http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155367 -->

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct> (structured manuscript item) contains a structured description for an individual work or item within the intellectual content of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object. [11.6.1. The msItem and msItemStruct Elements]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.msClass

@class

att.msExcerpt

@defective

Member of

model.msItemPart

Contained by

msdescription: msContents msItem msItemStruct

May contain

core: author bibl biblStruct listBibl note noteGrp p respStmt textLang title

linking: ab

msdescription: colophon decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric incipit locus locusGrp msItemStruct rubric

Example

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0">
   <elementRef key="locus"/>
   <elementRef key="locusGrp"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <sequence>
    <elementRef key="author" minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="respStmt"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="title" minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="rubric" minOccurs="0"/>
    <elementRef key="incipit" minOccurs="0"/>
    <elementRef key="msItemStruct"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="explicit"
     minOccurs="0"/>
    <elementRef key="finalRubric"
     minOccurs="0"/>
    <elementRef key="colophon"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="decoNote"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="listBibl"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <elementRef key="bibl"/>
     <elementRef key="biblStruct"/>
    </alternate>
    <elementRef key="filiation"
     minOccurs="0"/>
    <classRef key="model.noteLike"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <elementRef key="textLang"
     minOccurs="0"/>
   </sequence>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element msItemStruct
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.msClass.attributes,
   att.msExcerpt.attributes,
   (
      ( locus | locusGrp )?,
      (
         model.pLike+
       | (
            author*,
            respStmt*,
            title*,
            rubric?,
            incipit?,
            msItemStruct*,
            explicit?,
            finalRubric?,
            colophon*,
            decoNote*,
            listBibl*,
            ( bibl | biblStruct )*,
            filiation?,
            model.noteLike*,
            textLang?
         )
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <msItemStruct> (structured manuscript item)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <msItemStruct> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <msItemStruct> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>
 <locus from="1" to="4">pp.1-4</locus>
 <author>不詳</author>
 <title xml:lang="zh-TW">麻薯舊社屯外委潘清章等立招給墾批總約字</title>
 <rubric>4號，第九例。</rubric>
 <finalRubric>代筆社記</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155368">數位典藏聯合目錄</ref>，國立臺灣大學圖書館管理</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<rubric>

<rubric> (rubric) contains the text of any rubric or heading attached to a particular manuscript item, that is, a string of words through which a manuscript or other object signals the beginning of a text division, often with an assertion as to its author and title, which is in some way set off from the text itself, typically in red ink, or by use of different size or type of script, or some other such visual device. [11.6.1. The msItem and msItemStruct Elements]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.msExcerpt

@defective

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.msQuoteLike

Contained by

msdescription: msItem msItemStruct

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<rubric>Nu koma Skyckiu Rym<ex>ur</ex>.</rubric>
<rubric>Incipit liber de consciencia humana a beatissimo Bernardo editus.</rubric>
<rubric>
 <locus>16. f. 28v in margin: </locus>Dicta Cassiodori
</rubric>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element rubric
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.msExcerpt.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <rubric> (rubric)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <rubric> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <rubric> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

<rubric>
 <lb/>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV
<lb/>SI NON LICET
<lb/>NOBIS RO
<lb/>manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#f1r #f1v #f2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics">
  <lb/> An Ode
 <lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="f2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<!-- within ms description --><msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#F1r #F1v #F2r" from="1r"
  to="2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<!-- within transcription ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1r"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F1v"/>
<!-- ... -->
<pb xml:id="F2r"/>
<!-- ... -->

<locus>

<msItem n="1">
 <locus target="#fr_F1r #fr_F1v #fr_F2r">ff. 1r-2r</locus>
 <author>Ben Jonson</author>
 <title>Ode to himself</title>
 <rubric rend="italics"> An Ode<lb/> to him selfe.</rubric>
 <incipit>Com leaue the loathed stage</incipit>
 <explicit>And see his chariot triumph ore his wayne.</explicit>
 <bibl>
  <name>Beal</name>, <title>Index 1450-1625</title>, JnB 380</bibl>
</msItem>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1r"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F1v"/>
<pb xml:id="fr_F2r"/>

<stamp>

<rubric>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV<lb/>
SI NON LICET<lb/>
NOBIS RO<lb/>
manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

<stamp>

<rubric>Apologyticu TTVLLIANI AC IGNORATIA IN XPO IHV<lb/> SI NON LICET<lb/> NOBIS RO<lb/>
manii imperii <stamp>Bodleian stamp</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

<stamp>

<rubric>乾隆御覽之寶<stamp>清乾隆玉璽</stamp>
 <lb/>
</rubric>

<explicit>

<explicit>sed libera nos a malo.</explicit>
<rubric>Hic explicit oratio qui dicitur dominica.</rubric>
<explicit type="defective">ex materia quasi et forma sibi
proporti<gap/>
</explicit>
<explicit type="reverse">saued be shulle that doome of day the at
</explicit>

<explicit>

<explicit>sed libera nos a malo.</explicit>
<rubric>Hic explicit oratio qui dicitur dominica.</rubric>
<explicit type="defective">ex materia quasi et forma sibi proporti<gap/>
</explicit>
<explicit type="reverse">saued be shulle that doome of day the at</explicit>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>
 <locus from="1" to="4">pp.1-4</locus>
 <author>不詳</author>
 <title xml:lang="zh-TW">麻薯舊社屯外委潘清章等立招給墾批總約字</title>
 <rubric>4號，第九例。</rubric>
 <finalRubric>代筆社記</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155368">數位典藏聯合目錄</ref>，國立臺灣大學圖書館管理</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<rubric>

<rubric>Nu koma Skyckiu Rym<ex>ur</ex>.</rubric>
<rubric>Incipit liber de consciencia humana a beatissimo Bernardo editus.</rubric>
<rubric>
 <locus>16. f. 28v in margin: </locus>Dicta Cassiodori
</rubric>

<rubric>

<rubric>Nu koma Skyckiu Rym<ex>ur</ex>.</rubric>
<rubric>Incipit liber de consciencia humana a beatissimo Bernardo editus.</rubric>
<rubric>
 <locus>16. f. 28v in margin: </locus>Dicta Cassiodori
</rubric>

<rubric>

<rubric>華亭徐懷祖燕公著</rubric>
<rubric>代筆社記</rubric>
<rubric>
 <locus>第一頁右緣空白：</locus>4號 第九例
</rubric>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<summary>

<summary> contains an overview of the available information concerning some aspect of an item or object (for example, its intellectual content, history, layout, typography etc.) as a complement or alternative to the more detailed information carried by more specific elements. [11.6. Intellectual Content]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: decoDesc handDesc history layoutDesc msContents scriptDesc sealDesc typeDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<summary>This item consists of three books with a prologue and an epilogue.
</summary>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</summary>
 <typeNote>Antiqua typeface, showing influence of Jenson's Venetian
   fonts.</typeNote>
 <typeNote>The black letter face is a variant of Schwabacher.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element summary
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <summary>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <summary> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <summary> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.6. Intellectual Content

<msContents>
 <summary>A collection of Lollard sermons</summary>
 <msItem n="1">
  <locus>fol. 4r-8r</locus>
  <title>3rd Sunday Before Lent</title>
 </msItem>
 <msItem n="2">
  <locus>fol. 9r-16v</locus>
  <title>Sexagesima</title>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<summary>

<summary>This item consists of three books with a prologue and an epilogue.
</summary>

<summary>

<summary> Cet item est formé de trois livres, d'un prologue et d'un épilogue.</summary>

<summary>

<summary> 此物件包含三冊以及序與跋。</summary>

<summary>

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</summary>
 <typeNote>Antiqua typeface, showing influence of Jenson's Venetian
   fonts.</typeNote>
 <typeNote>The black letter face is a variant of Schwabacher.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</summary>
 <typeNote>Antiqua typeface, showing influence of Jenson's Venetian
   fonts.</typeNote>
 <typeNote>The black letter face is a variant of Schwabacher.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

<typeDesc>

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Contains a mixture of blackletter and Roman (antiqua) typefaces</summary>
 <typeNote xml:id="Frak1">Blackletter face, showing
   similarities to those produced in Wuerzburg after 1470.</typeNote>
 <typeNote xml:id="Rom1">Roman face of Venetian origins.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

<scriptDesc>

<scriptDesc>
 <summary>Contains two distinct styles of scripts </summary>
 <scriptNote xml:id="style-1">.</scriptNote>
 <scriptNote xml:id="style-2">.</scriptNote>
</scriptDesc>

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<textLang>

<textLang> (text language) describes the languages and writing systems identified within the bibliographic work being described, rather than its description. [3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information 11.6.6. Languages and Writing Systems]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

mainLang mainLang⚓︎
(main language) supplies a code which identifies the chief language used in the bibliographic work.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.language

otherLangs otherLangs⚓︎
(other languages) one or more codes identifying any other languages used in the bibliographic work.

Status
Optional

Datatype
0–∞ occurrences of teidata.language separated by whitespace

Member of

model.biblPart model.msItemPart

Contained by

core: analytic bibl monogr series

msdescription: msContents msItem msItemStruct

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

This element should not be used to document the languages or writing systems used for the bibliographic or manuscript description itself: as for all other TEI elements, such information should be provided by means of the global xml:lang attribute attached to the element containing the description.

In all cases, languages should be identified by means of a standardized ‘language tag’ generated according to BCP 47. Additional documentation for the language may be provided by a language element in the TEI header.

Example

<textLang mainLang="en" otherLangs="la"> Predominantly in English with Latin
glosses</textLang>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element textLang
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute mainLang { teidata.language }?,
   attribute otherLangs { list { teidata.language* } }?,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <textLang> (text language)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <textLang> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <textLang> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language

<textLang>Latin, with some glosses in Anglo-Saxon and French</textLang>

3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language

<textLang mainLang="la" otherLangs="ang fr">Latin, with some glosses in Anglo-Saxon and French</textLang>

3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language

<textLang xml:lang="fr" mainLang="de"
 otherLangs="la">allemand et latin</textLang>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.6.6. Languages and Writing Systems

<textLang>Old Church Slavonic, written in Cyrillic script.</textLang>

11.6.6. Languages and Writing Systems

<textLang mainLang="cu">Old Church Slavonic</textLang>

11.6.6. Languages and Writing Systems

<textLang mainLang="cu" otherLangs="ru grc">Mostly Old Church Slavonic, with
some Russian and Greek material</textLang>

11.6.6. Languages and Writing Systems

<textLang mainLang="cu-Cyrs">Old Church Slavonic in Cyrillic script</textLang>

11.6.6. Languages and Writing Systems

<textLang xml:lang="fr" mainLang="de"
 otherLangs="la">allemand et
latin</textLang>

<msItem>

<msItem class="#saga">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title>Agrip af Noregs konunga sögum</title>
 <incipit>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> setiho
 <gap reason="illegible" extent="7"/>sc
   heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit>h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex>þa buit hesta .ij. aNan viþ
   fé enh<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> aNan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="non">Old Norse/Icelandic</textLang>
</msItem>

<msItem>

<msItem>
 <locus>f.495</locus>
 <title>台灣隨筆</title>
 <incipit>幾荷蘭人由洋中來，假地日本，久而不帰，遂築城而有之。</incipit>
 <explicit>惟商舶可以航海，凡使節往來咸藉之。</explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItem>
<!-- http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155367 -->

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>
 <locus from="1" to="4">pp.1-4</locus>
 <author>不詳</author>
 <title xml:lang="zh-TW">麻薯舊社屯外委潘清章等立招給墾批總約字</title>
 <rubric>4號，第九例。</rubric>
 <finalRubric>代筆社記</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=2155368">數位典藏聯合目錄</ref>，國立臺灣大學圖書館管理</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="zh-tw">繁體中文</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<textLang>

<textLang mainLang="en" otherLangs="la"> Predominantly in English with Latin
glosses</textLang>

<textLang>

<textLang mainLang="en" otherLangs="la"> En français essentiellement, avec des gloses en
latin.</textLang>

<textLang>

<textLang mainLang="en" otherLangs="la"> 主要為英文，摻以拉丁字彙。</textLang>

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<physDesc>

<physDesc> (physical description) contains a full physical description of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object optionally subdivided using more specialized elements from the model.physDescPart class. [11.7. Physical Description]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: msDesc msFrag msPart

namesdates: object

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: accMat additions bindingDesc decoDesc handDesc musicNotation objectDesc scriptDesc sealDesc typeDesc

Example

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.physDescPart"
   expand="sequenceOptional"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element physDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      model.pLike*,
      objectDesc?,
      handDesc?,
      typeDesc?,
      scriptDesc?,
      musicNotation?,
      decoDesc?,
      additions?,
      bindingDesc?,
      sealDesc?,
      accMat?
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <physDesc> (physical description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <physDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <physDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<material>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <material>Parchment</material> leaves with a
 <material>sharkskin</material> binding.</p>
</physDesc>

<material>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <material>羊皮</material> 頁面用
 <material>鯊魚皮</material>
   捆綁</p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p> Paper and vellum <objectType>codex</objectType> in modern cloth binding.</p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p>Fragment of a re-used marble <objectType>funerary stele</objectType>.
 </p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <objectType>Codex</objectType> avec feuilles de parchemin colorées avec la pourpre du murex.
 </p>
</physDesc>

<objectType>

<physDesc>
 <p>
  <objectType>Socle</objectType> fragmentaire d'Aphrodite Anadyomène en terre cuite.</p>
</physDesc>

11.7. Physical Description

<physDesc>
 <p>Generic descriptive prose...</p>
<!-- other generic elements here -->
 <objectDesc form="codex">
<!-- ... -->
 </objectDesc>
<!-- other specific elements here -->
</physDesc>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc> (object description) contains a description of the physical components making up the object which is being described. [11.7.1. Object Description]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

form form⚓︎
(form) a short project-specific name identifying the physical form of the carrier, for example as a codex, roll, fragment, partial leaf, cutting etc.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Note

Definitions for the terms used may typically be provided by a valList element in the project schema specification.

Member of

model.physDescPart

Contained by

msdescription: physDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: layoutDesc supportDesc

Example

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>Early modern
  <material>parchment</material> and
  <material>paper</material>.</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="supportDesc"
    minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="layoutDesc"
    minOccurs="0"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element objectDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute form { teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( supportDesc?, layoutDesc? ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <objectDesc> (object description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <objectDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <objectDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

11.7. Physical Description

<physDesc>
 <p>Generic descriptive prose...</p>
<!-- other generic elements here -->
 <objectDesc form="codex">
<!-- ... -->
 </objectDesc>
<!-- other specific elements here -->
</physDesc>

11.7.1. Object Description

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc>
  <p>Mostly <material>paper</material>, with watermarks
  <watermark>unicorn</watermark> (<ref>Briquet 9993</ref>) and
  <watermark>ox</watermark> (close to <ref>Briquet 2785</ref>). The first and last
     leaf of each quire, with the exception of quires xvi and xviii, are constituted
     by bifolia of parchment, and all seven miniatures have been painted on inserted
     singletons of parchment.</p>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>Early modern
  <material>parchment</material> and
  <material>paper</material>.</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">168</height>
    <width unit="mm">106</width>
    <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>現代早期 <material>羊皮紙</material>與<material>白紙</material>。</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc form="roll">
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Parchment roll with <material>silk</material> ribbons.
  </support>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Rouleau de parchemin avec des rubans de<material>soie</material>.</support>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">155</height>
    <width unit="mm">95</width>
    <depth unit="mm">31</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc form="roll">
 <supportDesc>
  <support> 羊毛紙以<material>絲質</material>緞帶捆綁。</support>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

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C Elements

<supportDesc>

<supportDesc> (support description) groups elements describing the physical support for the written part of a manuscript or other object. [11.7.1. Object Description]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

material material⚓︎
(material) a short project-defined name for the material composing the majority of the support.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

paper

parch

(parchment)

mixed

Contained by

msdescription: objectDesc

May contain

core: p

header: extent

linking: ab

msdescription: collation condition foliation support

Example

<supportDesc>
 <support> Parchment roll with <material>silk</material> ribbons.
 </support>
</supportDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="support" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="extent" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="foliation"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <elementRef key="collation"
    minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="condition"
    minOccurs="0"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element supportDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute material { "paper" | "parch" | "mixed" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( support?, extent?, foliation*, collation?, condition? ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <supportDesc> (support description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <supportDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <supportDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.7.1. Object Description

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc>
  <p>Mostly <material>paper</material>, with watermarks
  <watermark>unicorn</watermark> (<ref>Briquet 9993</ref>) and
  <watermark>ox</watermark> (close to <ref>Briquet 2785</ref>). The first and last
     leaf of each quire, with the exception of quires xvi and xviii, are constituted
     by bifolia of parchment, and all seven miniatures have been painted on inserted
     singletons of parchment.</p>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

11.7.1.5. Condition

<supportDesc>
 <condition>
  <p>The manuscript shows signs of damage from water and mould on its
     outermost leaves.</p>
 </condition>
</supportDesc>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>Early modern
  <material>parchment</material> and
  <material>paper</material>.</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">168</height>
    <width unit="mm">106</width>
    <depth unit="mm">22</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>現代早期 <material>羊皮紙</material>與<material>白紙</material>。</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<supportDesc>

<supportDesc>
 <support> Parchment roll with <material>silk</material> ribbons.
 </support>
</supportDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc form="roll">
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Parchment roll with <material>silk</material> ribbons.
  </support>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Rouleau de parchemin avec des rubans de<material>soie</material>.</support>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">155</height>
    <width unit="mm">95</width>
    <depth unit="mm">31</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc form="roll">
 <supportDesc>
  <support> 羊毛紙以<material>絲質</material>緞帶捆綁。</support>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<support>

<support> (support) contains a description of the materials etc. which make up the physical support for the written part of a manuscript or other object. [11.7.1. Object Description]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: supportDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<objectDesc form="roll">
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Parchment roll with <material>silk</material> ribbons.
  </support>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element support
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <support> (support)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <support> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <support> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.3.2. Material and Object Type

<support>
 <p>
  <material function="support">Parchment</material>
  <objectType>codex</objectType> with half <material function="binding">goat-leather</material>
   binding.</p>
</support>

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

<support>
 <material>Rag
   paper</material> with <watermark>anchor</watermark> watermark
</support>

<watermark>

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Rag paper</material> with <watermark>anchor</watermark> watermark</p>
</support>

<watermark>

<support>
 <p>
  <material>布漿紙</material>上有 <watermark>錨點</watermark>水印</p>
</support>

11.7.1.1. Support

<support>
 <p>
  <material>Paper</material> with watermark: <watermark>anchor in a circle with
     star on top</watermark>, <watermark>countermark B-B with trefoil</watermark>
   similar to <ref>Mošin, Anchor N 1680</ref>
  <date>1570-1585</date>.</p>
</support>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<supportDesc>

<supportDesc>
 <support> Parchment roll with <material>silk</material> ribbons.
 </support>
</supportDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc form="roll">
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Parchment roll with <material>silk</material> ribbons.
  </support>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc>
 <supportDesc>
  <support> Rouleau de parchemin avec des rubans de<material>soie</material>.</support>
  <extent>
   <dimensions type="binding">
    <height unit="mm">155</height>
    <width unit="mm">95</width>
    <depth unit="mm">31</depth>
   </dimensions>
  </extent>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

<support>

<objectDesc form="roll">
 <supportDesc>
  <support> 羊毛紙以<material>絲質</material>緞帶捆綁。</support>
 </supportDesc>
</objectDesc>

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C Elements

<collation>

<collation> (collation) contains a description of how the leaves, bifolia, or similar objects are physically arranged. [11.7.1. Object Description]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: supportDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<collation>The written leaves preceded by an original flyleaf,
conjoint with the pastedown.</collation>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text)
     7-8.8 9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
  <catchwords>Catchwords are written horizontally in center
     or towards the right lower margin in various manners:
     in red ink for quires 1-6 (which are also signed in red
     ink with letters of the alphabet and arabic numerals);
     quires 7-9 in ink of text within yellow decorated frames;
     quire 10 in red decorated frame; quire 12 in ink of text;
     quire 13 with red decorative slashes; quire 14 added in
     cursive hand.</catchwords>
 </p>
</collation>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element collation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <collation> (collation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <collation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <collation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.1.3. Collation

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-3:8, 4:6, 5-13:8</formula>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>There are now four gatherings, the first, second and fourth originally
   consisting of eight leaves, the third of seven. A fifth gathering thought to
   have followed has left no trace. <list>
   <item>Gathering I consists of 7 leaves, a first leaf, originally conjoint with
   <locus>fol. 7</locus>, having been cut away leaving only a narrow strip along
       the gutter; the others, <locus>fols 1</locus> and <locus>6</locus>,
   <locus>2</locus> and <locus>5</locus>, and <locus>3</locus> and
   <locus>4</locus>, are bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering II consists of 8 leaves, 4 bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering III consists of 7 leaves; <locus>fols 16</locus> and
   <locus>22</locus> are conjoint, the others singletons.</item>
   <item>Gathering IV consists of 2 leaves, a bifolium.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>I (1, 2+9, 3+8, 4+7, 5+6, 10); II (11, 12+17, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18,
   19).</p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8
     9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
 </p>
</collation>

<collation>

<collation>The written leaves preceded by an original flyleaf,
conjoint with the pastedown.</collation>

<collation>

<collation>The written leaves preceded by an original flyleaf, conjoint with the
pastedown.</collation>

<collation>

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8 9.10, 11.2
     (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
  <catchwords>Catchwords are written horizontally in center or towards the right lower
     margin in various manners: in red ink for quires 1-6 (which are also signed in red ink
     with letters of the alphabet and arabic numerals); quires 7-9 in ink of text within
     yellow decorated frames; quire 10 in red decorated frame; quire 12 in ink of text;
     quire 13 with red decorative slashes; quire 14 added in cursive hand.</catchwords>
 </p>
</collation>

<collation>

<collation>經板分為內外兩層，外層上下各一塊紅漆木質經板，其正面有「唵嘛呢叭咪吽」六個梵文金字。</collation>

<collation>

<collation>
 <p>此物屬「沓姆」，即用西雙版納傣文書寫的佛經，頁面打折；打折是為了讓一頁變為多頁並折疊成一冊，其折出的每一頁的寬度和長度皆與作為書寫介質的貝葉相當。</p>
</collation>

<collation>

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text)
     7-8.8 9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
  <catchwords>Catchwords are written horizontally in center
     or towards the right lower margin in various manners:
     in red ink for quires 1-6 (which are also signed in red
     ink with letters of the alphabet and arabic numerals);
     quires 7-9 in ink of text within yellow decorated frames;
     quire 10 in red decorated frame; quire 12 in ink of text;
     quire 13 with red decorative slashes; quire 14 added in
     cursive hand.</catchwords>
 </p>
</collation>

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C Elements

<foliation>

<foliation> (foliation) describes the numbering system or systems used to count the leaves or pages in a codex or similar object. [11.7.1.4. Foliation]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: supportDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<foliation>Contemporary foliation in red
roman numerals in the centre
of the outer margin.</foliation>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element foliation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <foliation> (foliation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <foliation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <foliation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.1.4. Foliation

<foliation>
 <p>Neuere Foliierung, die auch das Vorsatzblatt mitgezählt
   hat.</p>
</foliation>
<foliation>
 <p>Folio numbers were added in brown ink by Árni Magnússon ca.
   1720-1730 in the upper right corner of all recto-pages.</p>
</foliation>

11.7.1.4. Foliation

<foliation xml:id="original">
 <p>Original foliation in red roman numerals in the
   middle of the outer margin of each recto</p>
</foliation>
<foliation xml:id="modern">
 <p>Foliated in pencil in the top right corner of each
   recto page.</p>
</foliation>
<!-- ... -->
<locus scheme="#modern">ff 1-20</locus>

<foliation>

<foliation>Contemporary foliation in red
roman numerals in the centre
of the outer margin.</foliation>

<foliation>

<foliation>Contemporary foliation in red roman numerals in the centre of the outer
margin.</foliation>

<foliation>

<foliation>頁邊空白的中心有以紅色羅馬數字標示的當代編張數號</foliation>

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C Elements

<condition>

<condition> (condition) contains a description of the physical condition of the manuscript or object. [11.7.1.5. Condition]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: binding bindingDesc sealDesc supportDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<condition>
 <p>There are lacunae in three places in this
   manuscript. After 14v two
   leaves has been cut out and narrow strips leaves remains in the spine. After
   68v one gathering is missing and after 101v at least one gathering of 8 leaves
   has been lost. </p>
 <p>Several leaves are damaged with tears or holes or have a
   irregular shape. Some of the damages do not allow the lines to be of full
   length and they are apparently older than the script. There are tears on fol.
   2r-v, 9r-v, 10r-v, 15r-18v, 19r-v, 20r-22v, 23r-v, 24r-28v, 30r-v, 32r-35v,
   37r-v, 38r-v, 40r-43v, 45r-47v, 49r-v, 51r-v, 53r-60v, 67r-v, 68r-v, 70r-v,
   74r-80v, 82r-v, 86r-v, 88r-v, 89r-v, 95r-v, 97r-98v 99r-v, 100r-v. On fol. 98
   the corner has been torn off. Several leaves are in a bad condition due to
   moist and wear, and have become dark, bleached or
   wrinkled. </p>
 <p>The script has been
   touched up in the 17th century with black ink. The touching up on the following
   fols. was done by
 <name>Bishop Brynjólf Sveinsson</name>: 1v, 3r, 4r, 5r,
   6v, 8v,9r, 10r, 14r, 14v, 22r,30v, 36r-52v, 72v, 77r,78r,103r, 104r,. An
   AM-note says according to the lawman
 <name>Sigurður Björnsson</name> that the rest of the
   touching up was done by himself and another lawman
 <name>Sigurður Jónsson</name>.
 <name>Sigurður Björnsson</name> did the touching up
   on the following fols.: 46v, 47r, 48r, 49r-v, 50r, 52r-v.
 <name>Sigurður Jónsson</name> did the rest of the
   touching up in the section 36r-59r containing
 <title>Bretasögur</title>
 </p>
</condition>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element condition
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Home

C Elements

Example: <condition> (condition)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <condition> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <condition> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.7.1.5. Condition

<supportDesc>
 <condition>
  <p>The manuscript shows signs of damage from water and mould on its
     outermost leaves.</p>
 </condition>
</supportDesc>

11.7.1.5. Condition

<condition>
 <p>Despite tears on many of the leaves the codex is reasonably well
   preserved. The top and the bottom of f. 1 is damaged, and only a thin slip is
   left of the original second leaf (now foliated as 1bis). The lower margin of f.
   92 has been cut away. There is a lacuna of one leaf between ff. 193 and 194. The
   manuscript ends defectively (there are approximately six leaves
   missing).</p>
</condition>

11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions

<binding>
 <p>Bound, s. XVIII (?), in <material>diced russia leather</material>
   retaining most of the original 15th century metal ornaments (but with some
   replacements) as well as the heavy wooden boards.</p>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On each cover: alternating circular stamps of the Holy Monogram, a
     sunburst, and a flower.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On the cornerpieces, one of which is missing, a rectangular stamp
     of the Agnus Dei.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <condition>Front and back leather inlaid panels very badly worn.</condition>
 <p>Rebacked during the 19th century.</p>
</binding>

<condition>

<condition>
 <p>There are lacunae in three places in this
   manuscript. After 14v two
   leaves has been cut out and narrow strips leaves remains in the spine. After
   68v one gathering is missing and after 101v at least one gathering of 8 leaves
   has been lost. </p>
 <p>Several leaves are damaged with tears or holes or have a
   irregular shape. Some of the damages do not allow the lines to be of full
   length and they are apparently older than the script. There are tears on fol.
   2r-v, 9r-v, 10r-v, 15r-18v, 19r-v, 20r-22v, 23r-v, 24r-28v, 30r-v, 32r-35v,
   37r-v, 38r-v, 40r-43v, 45r-47v, 49r-v, 51r-v, 53r-60v, 67r-v, 68r-v, 70r-v,
   74r-80v, 82r-v, 86r-v, 88r-v, 89r-v, 95r-v, 97r-98v 99r-v, 100r-v. On fol. 98
   the corner has been torn off. Several leaves are in a bad condition due to
   moist and wear, and have become dark, bleached or
   wrinkled. </p>
 <p>The script has been
   touched up in the 17th century with black ink. The touching up on the following
   fols. was done by
 <name>Bishop Brynjólf Sveinsson</name>: 1v, 3r, 4r, 5r,
   6v, 8v,9r, 10r, 14r, 14v, 22r,30v, 36r-52v, 72v, 77r,78r,103r, 104r,. An
   AM-note says according to the lawman
 <name>Sigurður Björnsson</name> that the rest of the
   touching up was done by himself and another lawman
 <name>Sigurður Jónsson</name>.
 <name>Sigurður Björnsson</name> did the touching up
   on the following fols.: 46v, 47r, 48r, 49r-v, 50r, 52r-v.
 <name>Sigurður Jónsson</name> did the rest of the
   touching up in the section 36r-59r containing
 <title>Bretasögur</title>
 </p>
</condition>

<condition>

<condition> Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des feuillets,
qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat inférieur. </condition>
<condition>Eraflures sur les deux plats, tache d'humidité dans la partie supérieure du plat
inférieur ; mors fendus en tête et en queue avec zones restaurées (minces bandes de
maroquin).</condition>

<condition>

<condition>
 <p>輕度破損，本案第27至30頁缺頁。</p>
</condition>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Décor mosaïqué, avec formes géométriques à répétition</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> citron</p>
  <decoNote type="plats">à décor mosaïqué dit à répétition, dont l’effet de dallage est
     obtenu par des pièces polylobées de maroquin noir, ornée chacune d’une composition de
     petits fers plein or, cantonnées de petits disques de maroquin rouge ponctué chacun
     d’un cercle plein or, le tout serti de filets dorés courbes.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 5 nerfs à décor analogue (pièce polylobée de maroquin noir
     avec composition identique, cantonnée de quatre disques rouges, ponctués du même
     cercle plein or) ; filets dorés sur les nerfs ; pièce de titre rouge dans le 2e
     caisson, soulignée de deux lignes de points dorés identiques à celle portée en tête et
     queue du dos, sur une bande de maroquin noir.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples droites, tricolores (noir, bleu et
     rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes dorées, proposant en alternance un filet simple et une
     succession de traits obliques.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes">Signet de soie rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées sur marbrure à motif caillouté, dans les tons
     bleu et rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées d’une roulette à motif de zigzag.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier plein or et gardes blanches (1 + 1), sans
     filigrane.<watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition/>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>
  <index indexName="typo_reliure">
   <term>Reliure à la grecque, sur ais</term>
  </index>
  <index indexName="typo_decor">
   <term>Décor de rinceaux</term>
  </index> Reliure à la grecque en <material>maroquin</material> orange</p>
 <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes de Henri II dorées sur une pièce de maroquin olive
   découpée à la forme exacte des armes (104 mm), mosaïquée dans un rectangle central aux
   angles orné d'un léger motif de rinceaux peints en noir, le tout encadré d'une large
   bordure mosaïquée de maroquin rouge, à plein décor de rinceaux dorés (incluant un
   croissant dans les angles) dessinés en réserve sur un fond pointillé doré.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Au plat supérieur, titre <q>i • schonerii • opera •</q> doré
   au-dessus du bloc armorial.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos long à décor analogue avec pièces losangées de maroquin rouge et
   brun mosaïquées, respectivement au centre et aux deux extrémités du dos, ornées d'un
   décor de rinceaux doré en réserve sur un fond doré pointillé, avec fer azuré au chapeau
   à chaque extrémité ; chaque pièce de maroquin est redessinée par un encadrement argenté,
   lui-même complété de rinceaux sur les côtés et relevé par des traits tracés de plume à
   effet de rayures.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles doubles bicolores : points droits sur chevrons,
   bleus et jaunes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Chants des ais rainurés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes">Traces de petits boulons aux angles du rectangle intérieur ;
   traces des quatre lanières tressées d'origine sur les deux plats ; pas de traces de
   sabots.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées, ciselées et peintes (teinte rosée), à décor de
   rinceaux incluant des éléments de l'héraldique royale : triple croissant en tête, grand
   H couronné associé à un croissant en gouttière, chiffre HH en queue.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Absence de chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure"/>
 <condition/>
</binding>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Compartiments espacés</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> rouge sombre</p>
  <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes du chancelier Pierre Séguier, à décor de compartiments
     complétés de fers filigranés, parmi lesquels un fer à la petite tête (type B).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 6 nerfs, à décor filigrané analogue ; palette ornée sur les
     nerfs et en tête et queue du dos ; titrage dans le 2e caisson.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles à chapiteau tricolore (bleu, blanc et rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes ornées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes"/>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats">Contregardes en papier marbré à petit peigne, dans les tons
     bleu, blanc, jaune, rouge et blanc.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">
   <watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition>Quelques taches sombres
<!--surla --> sur le plat supérieur et larges
     éraflures du cuir au plat inférieur. Restauration en queue du mors inférieur (bande de
     cuir).</condition>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc> (layout description) collects the set of layout descriptions applicable to a manuscript or other object. [11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: objectDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: layout summary

Example

<layoutDesc>
 <p>Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled in lead.</p>
</layoutDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/>
     2 columns of 42 lines pricked and ruled in ink, with
     central rule between the columns.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>Prickings for three columns are visible.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="layout" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element layoutDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( summary?, layout+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <layoutDesc> (layout description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <layoutDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <layoutDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.7.1.6. Layout Description

<layoutDesc>
 <layout ruledLines="25 32">
  <p>On <locus from="1r" to="202v">fols 1r-200v</locus> and <locus from="210r" to="212v">fols 210r-212v</locus> there are between 25 and 32 ruled lines.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout ruledLines="34 50">
  <p>On <locus from="203r" to="209v">fols 203r-209v</locus> there are between 34
     and 50 ruled lines.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>Early modern
  <material>parchment</material> and
  <material>paper</material>.</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>現代早期 <material>羊皮紙</material>與<material>白紙</material>。</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <p>Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled in lead.</p>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <p>Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled in lead.</p>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/> 2 columns of 42 lines pricked and ruled in ink, with
     central rule between the columns.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>Prickings for three columns are visible.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <p>每頁14行，每行40到43字不等；有 註文小字雙行，字數不等。</p>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/>兩欄共42行以墨水圈選、標誌，欄間有直線分隔。</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>小孔的三欄可見.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/>
     2 columns of 42 lines pricked and ruled in ink, with
     central rule between the columns.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>Prickings for three columns are visible.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

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<layout>

<layout> (layout) describes how text is laid out on the page or surface of the object, including information about any ruling, pricking, or other evidence of page-preparation techniques. [11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

columns columns⚓︎
(columns) specifies the number of columns per page.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–2 occurrences of teidata.count separated by whitespace

Note

If a single number is given, all pages referenced have this number of columns. If two numbers are given, the number of columns per page varies between the values supplied. Where columns is omitted the number is assumed to be 1.

Columns may be independent of page orientation or reading direction, and a single textual stream may have one or more columns.

streams streams⚓︎
(textual streams) indicates the number of streams per page, each of which contains an independent textual stream.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–2 occurrences of teidata.count separated by whitespace

Note

If a single number is given, all pages referenced have this number of textual streams. If two numbers are given, the number of textual streams per page varies between the values supplied. Where streams is omitted the number is assumed to be 1 and unless specified elsewhere the script orientation of the source is identical to that used in the TEI document.

ruledLines ruledLines⚓︎
(ruled lines) specifies the number of ruled lines per column.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–2 occurrences of teidata.count separated by whitespace

Note

If a single number is given, all columns have this number of ruled lines. If two numbers are given, the number of ruled lines per column varies between the values supplied.

writtenLines writtenLines⚓︎
(written lines) specifies the number of written lines per column.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–2 occurrences of teidata.count separated by whitespace

Note

If a single number is given, all columns have this number of written lines. If two numbers are given, the number of written lines per column varies between the values supplied.

Contained by

msdescription: layoutDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<layout columns="1" ruledLines="25 32">Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled in lead.</layout>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
 <p>2 columns of 42 lines ruled in ink, with central rule
   between the columns.</p>
</layout>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<layout columns="1 2" writtenLines="40 50">
 <p>Some pages have 2 columns, with central rule
   between the columns; each column with between 40 and 50 lines of writing.</p>
</layout>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<layout streams="3" columns="3"/>
<!-- Further down in document body -->
<div type="page">
 <ab>
  <pb/>
   一二三<cb type="top-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="mid-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="bottom-stream"/>
<!-- cb here for demo purposes -->
 </ab>
</div>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element layout
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute columns { list { teidata.count, teidata.count? } }?,
   attribute streams { list { teidata.count, teidata.count? } }?,
   attribute ruledLines { list { teidata.count, teidata.count? } }?,
   attribute writtenLines { list { teidata.count, teidata.count? } }?,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <layout> (layout)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <layout> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <layout> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.7.1.6. Layout Description

<layout ruledLines="25 32">
 <p>Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled in lead.</p>
</layout>
<layout columns="1" writtenLines="24">
 <p>Written in one column throughout; 24 lines per page.</p>
</layout>
<layout>
 <p>Written in 3 columns, with 8 lines of text and interlinear glosses in
   the centre, and up to 26 lines of gloss in the outer two columns. Double
   vertical bounding lines ruled in hard point on hair side. Text lines ruled
   faintly in lead. Remains of prickings in upper, lower, and outer (for 8 lines of
   text only) margins.</p>
</layout>

11.7.1.6. Layout Description

<layoutDesc>
 <layout ruledLines="25 32">
  <p>On <locus from="1r" to="202v">fols 1r-200v</locus> and <locus from="210r" to="212v">fols 210r-212v</locus> there are between 25 and 32 ruled lines.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout ruledLines="34 50">
  <p>On <locus from="203r" to="209v">fols 203r-209v</locus> there are between 34
     and 50 ruled lines.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>Early modern
  <material>parchment</material> and
  <material>paper</material>.</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<objectDesc>

<objectDesc form="codex">
 <supportDesc material="mixed">
  <p>現代早期 <material>羊皮紙</material>與<material>白紙</material>。</p>
 </supportDesc>
 <layoutDesc>
  <layout ruledLines="25 32"/>
 </layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/> 2 columns of 42 lines pricked and ruled in ink, with
     central rule between the columns.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>Prickings for three columns are visible.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/>兩欄共42行以墨水圈選、標誌，欄間有直線分隔。</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>小孔的三欄可見.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>

<layoutDesc>
 <layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
  <p>
   <locus from="f12r" to="f15v"/>
     2 columns of 42 lines pricked and ruled in ink, with
     central rule between the columns.</p>
 </layout>
 <layout columns="3">
  <p>
   <locus from="f16"/>Prickings for three columns are visible.</p>
 </layout>
</layoutDesc>

<layout>

<layout columns="1" ruledLines="25 32">Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled in lead.</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="1" ruledLines="25 32"> Most pages have between 25 and 32 long lines ruled
in lead.</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
 <p>2 columns of 42 lines ruled in ink, with central rule between the columns.</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="1 2" writtenLines="40 50">
 <p>Some pages have 2 columns, with central rule between the columns; each column with
   between 40 and 50 lines of writing.</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="1" ruledLines="25 32">頁面大多有25到32行的鉛字橫線。</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
 <p>兩欄共42行油墨橫線，欄間有直線分隔。</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="1 2" writtenLines="40 50">
 <p>有些頁面有兩欄，欄間有直線分隔；每欄有40至50行的字。</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="2" ruledLines="42">
 <p>2 columns of 42 lines ruled in ink, with central rule
   between the columns.</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout columns="1 2" writtenLines="40 50">
 <p>Some pages have 2 columns, with central rule
   between the columns; each column with between 40 and 50 lines of writing.</p>
</layout>

<layout>

<layout streams="3" columns="3"/>
<!-- Further down in document body -->
<div type="page">
 <ab>
  <pb/>
   一二三<cb type="top-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="mid-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="bottom-stream"/>
<!-- cb here for demo purposes -->
 </ab>
</div>

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<handDesc>

<handDesc> (description of hands) contains a description of all the different hands used in a manuscript or other object. [11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

hands hands⚓︎
(hands) specifies the number of distinct hands identified within the manuscript.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Member of

model.physDescPart

Contained by

msdescription: physDesc

May contain

core: p

header: handNote

linking: ab

msdescription: summary

Example

<handDesc>
 <handNote scope="major">Written throughout in <term>angelicana formata</term>.</handNote>
</handDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<handDesc hands="2">
 <p>The manuscript is written in two contemporary hands, otherwise
   unknown, but clearly those of practised scribes. Hand I writes
   ff. 1r-22v and hand II ff. 23 and 24. Some scholars, notably
   Verner Dahlerup and Hreinn Benediktsson, have argued for a third hand
   on f. 24, but the evidence for this is insubstantial.</p>
</handDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="handNote" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element handDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute hands { teidata.count }?,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( summary?, handNote+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <handDesc> (description of hands)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <handDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <handDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc>
 <p>Written in a <term>late Caroline minuscule</term>; versals in a form of
 <term>rustic capitals</term>; although the marginal and interlinear gloss is
   written in varying shades of ink that are not those of the main text, text and
   gloss appear to have been copied during approximately the same time span.</p>
</handDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc hands="2">
 <p>The manuscript is written in two contemporary hands, otherwise unknown, but
   clearly those of practised scribes. Hand I writes ff. 1r-22v and hand II ff. 23
   and 24. Some scholars, notably Verner Dahlerup and Hreinn Benediktsson, have
   argued for a third hand on f. 24, but the evidence for this is
   insubstantial.</p>
</handDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<handDesc hands="3">
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-1" scope="minor">
  <p>The first part of the manuscript, <locus from="1v" to="72v:4">fols
       1v-72v:4</locus>, is written in a practised Icelandic Gothic bookhand. This hand
     is not found elsewhere.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-2" scope="major">
  <p>The second part of the manuscript, <locus from="72v:4" to="194v">fols
       72v:4-194</locus>, is written in a hand contemporary with the first; it can also
     be found in a fragment of <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>, <ref>AM 20b II
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="Eirsp-3" scope="minor">
  <p>The third hand has written the majority of the chapter headings. This hand
     has been identified as the one also found in <ref>AM 221
       fol.</ref>.</p>
 </handNote>
</handDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<typeDesc>
 <typeNote xml:id="TSET">Authorial typescript, probably produced on Eliot's own
   Remington. </typeNote>
</typeDesc>
<handDesc>
 <handNote xml:id="EP" medium="red-ink">Ezra Pound's annotations.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="TSE" medium="black-ink">Commentary in Eliot's hand.</handNote>
</handDesc>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc>
 <handNote scope="major">Written throughout in <term>angelicana formata</term>.</handNote>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc>
 <handNote scope="major">Written throughout in <term>angelicana formata</term>.</handNote>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc hands="2">
 <p>The manuscript is written in two contemporary hands, otherwise unknown, but clearly
   those of practised scribes. Hand I writes ff. 1r-22v and hand II ff. 23 and 24. Some
   scholars, notably Verner Dahlerup and Hreinn Benediktsson, have argued for a third hand
   on f. 24, but the evidence for this is insubstantial.</p>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc hands="2">
 <handNote xml:id="fr_TSE"
  medium="typescript">Authorial typescript </handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="fr_EP" medium="red-ink">Ezra Pound's annotations</handNote>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc hands="1">
 <p>手稿由田代安定一人控稿，同行者包括鳥居龍藏（帝國大學人類學調查員）；上領小太郎（舊民政局殖產課員）；三宅驥（帝國大學職務調查員）；小笠原富次郎（總統府技手殖產課員）。</p>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc hands="2">
 <handNote xml:id="zh-tw_TSE"
  medium="typescript">作者打字稿</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="zh-tw_SM"
  medium="red-ink">三毛的註解</handNote>
</handDesc>

<handDesc>

<handDesc hands="2">
 <p>The manuscript is written in two contemporary hands, otherwise
   unknown, but clearly those of practised scribes. Hand I writes
   ff. 1r-22v and hand II ff. 23 and 24. Some scholars, notably
   Verner Dahlerup and Hreinn Benediktsson, have argued for a third hand
   on f. 24, but the evidence for this is insubstantial.</p>
</handDesc>

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<typeDesc>

<typeDesc> (typeface description) contains a description of the typefaces or other aspects of the printing of an incunable or other printed source. [11.7.2.1. Writing]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.physDescPart

Contained by

msdescription: physDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: summary typeNote

Example

<typeDesc>
 <p>Uses an unidentified black letter font, probably from the
   15th century</p>
</typeDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Contains a mixture of blackletter and Roman (antiqua) typefaces</summary>
 <typeNote xml:id="Frak1">Blackletter face, showing
   similarities to those produced in Wuerzburg after 1470.</typeNote>
 <typeNote xml:id="Rom1">Roman face of Venetian origins.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="typeNote" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element typeDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( summary?, typeNote+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <typeDesc> (typeface description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <typeDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <typeDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<summary>

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</summary>
 <typeNote>Antiqua typeface, showing influence of Jenson's Venetian
   fonts.</typeNote>
 <typeNote>The black letter face is a variant of Schwabacher.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<typeDesc>
 <p>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</p>
</typeDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</summary>
 <typeNote>Antiqua typeface, showing influence of Jenson's Venetian
   fonts.</typeNote>
 <typeNote>The black letter face is a variant of Schwabacher.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<typeDesc>
 <typeNote xml:id="TSET">Authorial typescript, probably produced on Eliot's own
   Remington. </typeNote>
</typeDesc>
<handDesc>
 <handNote xml:id="EP" medium="red-ink">Ezra Pound's annotations.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="TSE" medium="black-ink">Commentary in Eliot's hand.</handNote>
</handDesc>

<typeDesc>

<typeDesc>
 <p>Uses an unidentified black letter font, probably from the
   15th century</p>
</typeDesc>

<typeDesc>

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Contains a mixture of blackletter and Roman (antiqua) typefaces</summary>
 <typeNote xml:id="Frak1">Blackletter face, showing
   similarities to those produced in Wuerzburg after 1470.</typeNote>
 <typeNote xml:id="Rom1">Roman face of Venetian origins.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

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C Elements

<typeNote>

<typeNote> (typographic note) describes a particular font or other significant typographic feature distinguished within the description of a printed resource. [11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.handFeatures

@scribe

@scribeRef

@script

@scriptRef

@medium

att.scope

@scope

Contained by

msdescription: typeDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<typeNote scope="sole"> Printed in an Antiqua typeface showing strong Italianate influence.
</typeNote>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element typeNote
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.handFeatures.attributes,
   att.scope.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <typeNote> (typographic note)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <typeNote> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <typeNote> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<summary>

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</summary>
 <typeNote>Antiqua typeface, showing influence of Jenson's Venetian
   fonts.</typeNote>
 <typeNote>The black letter face is a variant of Schwabacher.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Uses a mixture of Roman and Black Letter types.</summary>
 <typeNote>Antiqua typeface, showing influence of Jenson's Venetian
   fonts.</typeNote>
 <typeNote>The black letter face is a variant of Schwabacher.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

11.7.2.1. Writing

<typeDesc>
 <typeNote xml:id="TSET">Authorial typescript, probably produced on Eliot's own
   Remington. </typeNote>
</typeDesc>
<handDesc>
 <handNote xml:id="EP" medium="red-ink">Ezra Pound's annotations.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="TSE" medium="black-ink">Commentary in Eliot's hand.</handNote>
</handDesc>

<typeDesc>

<typeDesc>
 <summary>Contains a mixture of blackletter and Roman (antiqua) typefaces</summary>
 <typeNote xml:id="Frak1">Blackletter face, showing
   similarities to those produced in Wuerzburg after 1470.</typeNote>
 <typeNote xml:id="Rom1">Roman face of Venetian origins.</typeNote>
</typeDesc>

<typeNote>

<typeNote scope="sole"> Printed in an Antiqua typeface showing strong Italianate influence.
</typeNote>

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C Elements

<scriptDesc>

<scriptDesc> (script description) contains a description of the scripts used in a manuscript or other object. [11.7.2.1. Writing]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.physDescPart

Contained by

msdescription: physDesc

May contain

core: p

header: scriptNote

linking: ab

msdescription: summary

Example

<scriptDesc>
 <p/>
</scriptDesc>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<scriptDesc>
 <summary>Contains two distinct styles of scripts </summary>
 <scriptNote xml:id="style-1">.</scriptNote>
 <scriptNote xml:id="style-2">.</scriptNote>
</scriptDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="scriptNote"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element scriptDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( summary?, scriptNote+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <scriptDesc> (script description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <scriptDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <scriptDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<scriptDesc>

<scriptDesc>
 <p/>
</scriptDesc>

<scriptDesc>

<scriptDesc>
 <summary>Contains two distinct styles of scripts </summary>
 <scriptNote xml:id="style-1">.</scriptNote>
 <scriptNote xml:id="style-2">.</scriptNote>
</scriptDesc>

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<scriptNote>

<scriptNote> describes a particular script distinguished within the description of a manuscript or similar resource. [11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.handFeatures

@scribe

@scribeRef

@script

@scriptRef

@medium

att.scope

@scope

Contained by

msdescription: scriptDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<scriptNote scope="sole"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element scriptNote
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.handFeatures.attributes,
   att.scope.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <scriptNote>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <scriptNote> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <scriptNote> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<scriptDesc>

<scriptDesc>
 <summary>Contains two distinct styles of scripts </summary>
 <scriptNote xml:id="style-1">.</scriptNote>
 <scriptNote xml:id="style-2">.</scriptNote>
</scriptDesc>

<scriptNote>

<scriptNote scope="sole"/>

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C Elements

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation> (music notation) contains description of type of musical notation. [11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.physDescPart

Contained by

msdescription: physDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<musicNotation>
 <p>Square notation of 4-line red staves.</p>
</musicNotation>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<musicNotation>Neumes in <term>campo aperto</term> of the St. Gall type.
</musicNotation>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element musicNotation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <musicNotation> (music notation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <musicNotation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <musicNotation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.2.3. Musical Notation

<musicNotation>
 <p>Square notation on 4-line red staves.</p>
</musicNotation>

11.7.2.3. Musical Notation

<musicNotation>
 <p>Neumes in campo aperto of the St. Gall type.</p>
</musicNotation>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>
 <p>Square notation of 4-line red staves.</p>
</musicNotation>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>
 <p>Les clés se placent au commencement de la portée. Elles servent à fixer le nom des
   notes et à indiquer en même temps la place que celles-ci occupent dans l'échelle
   musicale.</p>
</musicNotation>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>Même, si l'on voulait démontrer que les livres de chants ont été
<term>neumés</term> dés le IXe siècle, il ne faudrait pas oublier que des livres de chants
sans <term>neumes</term> ont été écrits jusqu'au Xe siècle. </musicNotation>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>
 <p>紅色四線譜記號法</p>
</musicNotation>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>St. Gall式的<term>campo aperto</term>記譜法。</musicNotation>

<musicNotation>

<musicNotation>Neumes in <term>campo aperto</term> of the St. Gall type.
</musicNotation>

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C Elements

<decoDesc>

<decoDesc> (decoration description) contains a description of the decoration of a manuscript or other object, either as in paragraphs, or as one or more decoNote elements. [11.7.3. Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.physDescPart

Contained by

msdescription: physDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: decoNote summary

Example

<decoDesc>
 <p>The start of each book of the Bible with a 10-line historiated
   illuminated initial; prefaces decorated with 6-line blue initials with red
   penwork flourishing; chapters marked by 3-line plain red initials; verses
   with 1-line initials, alternately blue or red.</p>
</decoDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="decoNote" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element decoDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( summary?, decoNote+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Home

C Elements

Example: <decoDesc> (decoration description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <decoDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <decoDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.3.5. References to Locations within a Manuscript

<decoDesc>
 <p>Several of the miniatures in this section have been damaged and overpainted
   at a later date (e.g. the figure of Christ on <locus facs="http://www.example.com/images.fr#F33R">fol. 33r</locus>; the face of the
   Shepherdess on <locus facs="http://www.example.com/images.fr#F59V">fol.
     59v</locus>, etc.).</p>
</decoDesc>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <p>The decoration comprises two full page miniatures, perhaps added by the
   original owner, or slightly later; the original major decoration consists of
   twenty-three large miniatures, illustrating the divisions of the Passion
   narrative and the start of the major texts, and the major divisions of the
   Hours; seventeen smaller miniatures, illustrating the suffrages to saints; and
   seven historiated initials, illustrating the pericopes and major prayers.</p>
</decoDesc>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniature">
  <p>One full-page miniature, facing the beginning of the first Penitential
     Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>One seven-line historiated initial, commencing the first Penitential
     Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>Six four-line decorated initials, commencing the second through the seventh
     Penitential Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>Some three hundred two-line versal initials with pen-flourishes, commencing
     the psalm verses.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="border">
  <p>Four-sided border decoration surrounding the miniatures and three-sided
     border decoration accompanying the historiated and decorated initials.</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniatures">
  <p>Fourteen large miniatures with arched tops, above five lines of text: <list>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 14r</locus>Pericopes. <term>St. John writing on Patmos</term>,
         with the Eagle holding his ink-pot and pen-case; some flaking of pigment,
         especially in the sky</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 26r</locus>Hours of the Virgin, Matins.
    <term>Annunciation</term>; Gabriel and the Dove to the right</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 60r</locus>Prime. <term>Nativity</term>; the <term>Virgin and
           Joseph adoring the Child</term>
    </item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 66r</locus>Terce. <term>Annunciation to the Shepherds</term>,
         one with <term>bagpipes</term>
    </item>
<!-- ... -->
   </list>
  </p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

<physDesc>

<physDesc>
 <objectDesc form="codex">
  <supportDesc material="perg">
   <support>Parchment.</support>
   <extent>i + 55 leaves
   <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
     unit="inch">
     <height>7¼</height>
     <width>5⅜</width>
    </dimensions>
   </extent>
  </supportDesc>
  <layoutDesc>
   <layout columns="2">In double columns.</layout>
  </layoutDesc>
 </objectDesc>
 <handDesc>
  <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
 </handDesc>
 <decoDesc>
  <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </decoDesc>
</physDesc>

<decoDesc>

<decoDesc>
 <p>The start of each book of the Bible with a 10-line historiated
   illuminated initial; prefaces decorated with 6-line blue initials with red
   penwork flourishing; chapters marked by 3-line plain red initials; verses
   with 1-line initials, alternately blue or red.</p>
</decoDesc>

<decoDesc>

<decoDesc>
 <p>Les miracles de la Vierge, par Gautier de Coinci ; un volume in-fol. de 285 feuilles,
   orné d'initiales en or et en couleur,...</p>
</decoDesc>

<decoDesc>

<decoDesc>
 <p>每本聖經的第一個字母都是十行大小，飾以歷史圖案；引言部份的第一個字母是六行大小，並以紅筆花飾；章節的第一個字母是三行大小，紅的；韻文的第一個字母一行大小，有時是紅色有時是藍色的。</p>
</decoDesc>

<decoNote>

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>The start of each book of the Bible with
     a 10-line historiated illuminated initial;
     prefaces decorated with 6-line blue initials
     with red penwork flourishing; chapters marked by
     3-line plain red initials; verses with 1-line initials,
     alternately blue or red.</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

<decoNote>

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>每本聖經的第一個字母都是十行大小，飾以歷史圖案；引言部份的第一個字母是六行大小，並以紅筆花飾；章節的第一個字母是三行大小，紅的；韻文的第一個字母一行大小，有時是紅色有時是藍色的。</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<decoNote>

<decoNote> (note on decoration) contains a note describing either a decorative component of a manuscript or other object, or a fairly homogenous class of such components. [11.7.3. Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.biblPart model.msItemPart

Contained by

core: bibl

msdescription: binding bindingDesc decoDesc msItem msItemStruct seal sealDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>The start of each book of the Bible with
     a 10-line historiated illuminated initial;
     prefaces decorated with 6-line blue initials
     with red penwork flourishing; chapters marked by
     3-line plain red initials; verses with 1-line initials,
     alternately blue or red.</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element decoNote
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <decoNote> (note on decoration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <decoNote> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <decoNote> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<watermark>

<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)--><decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniature">
  <p>One full-page miniature, facing the beginning of the first Penitential
     Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>One seven-line historiated initial, commencing the first Penitential
     Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>Six four-line decorated initials, commencing the second through the seventh
     Penitential Psalm.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>Some three hundred two-line versal initials with pen-flourishes, commencing
     the psalm verses.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="border">
  <p>Four-sided border decoration surrounding the miniatures and three-sided
     border decoration accompanying the historiated and decorated initials.</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

11.7.2.2. Decoration

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="miniatures">
  <p>Fourteen large miniatures with arched tops, above five lines of text: <list>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 14r</locus>Pericopes. <term>St. John writing on Patmos</term>,
         with the Eagle holding his ink-pot and pen-case; some flaking of pigment,
         especially in the sky</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 26r</locus>Hours of the Virgin, Matins.
    <term>Annunciation</term>; Gabriel and the Dove to the right</item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 60r</locus>Prime. <term>Nativity</term>; the <term>Virgin and
           Joseph adoring the Child</term>
    </item>
    <item>
     <locus>fol. 66r</locus>Terce. <term>Annunciation to the Shepherds</term>,
         one with <term>bagpipes</term>
    </item>
<!-- ... -->
   </list>
  </p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions

<binding>
 <p>Bound, s. XVIII (?), in <material>diced russia leather</material>
   retaining most of the original 15th century metal ornaments (but with some
   replacements) as well as the heavy wooden boards.</p>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On each cover: alternating circular stamps of the Holy Monogram, a
     sunburst, and a flower.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On the cornerpieces, one of which is missing, a rectangular stamp
     of the Agnus Dei.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <condition>Front and back leather inlaid panels very badly worn.</condition>
 <p>Rebacked during the 19th century.</p>
</binding>

<decoNote>

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>The start of each book of the Bible with
     a 10-line historiated illuminated initial;
     prefaces decorated with 6-line blue initials
     with red penwork flourishing; chapters marked by
     3-line plain red initials; verses with 1-line initials,
     alternately blue or red.</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

<decoNote>

<bindingDesc>
 <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
   rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean Grolier
 <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas du plat
   supérieur. </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra viventivm</q>
   dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque nerf et
   en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes"/>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
   pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
 </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat inférieur
   (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
</bindingDesc>

<decoNote>

<decoDesc>
 <decoNote type="initial">
  <p>每本聖經的第一個字母都是十行大小，飾以歷史圖案；引言部份的第一個字母是六行大小，並以紅筆花飾；章節的第一個字母是三行大小，紅的；韻文的第一個字母一行大小，有時是紅色有時是藍色的。</p>
 </decoNote>
</decoDesc>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Décor mosaïqué, avec formes géométriques à répétition</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> citron</p>
  <decoNote type="plats">à décor mosaïqué dit à répétition, dont l’effet de dallage est
     obtenu par des pièces polylobées de maroquin noir, ornée chacune d’une composition de
     petits fers plein or, cantonnées de petits disques de maroquin rouge ponctué chacun
     d’un cercle plein or, le tout serti de filets dorés courbes.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 5 nerfs à décor analogue (pièce polylobée de maroquin noir
     avec composition identique, cantonnée de quatre disques rouges, ponctués du même
     cercle plein or) ; filets dorés sur les nerfs ; pièce de titre rouge dans le 2e
     caisson, soulignée de deux lignes de points dorés identiques à celle portée en tête et
     queue du dos, sur une bande de maroquin noir.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples droites, tricolores (noir, bleu et
     rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes dorées, proposant en alternance un filet simple et une
     succession de traits obliques.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes">Signet de soie rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées sur marbrure à motif caillouté, dans les tons
     bleu et rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées d’une roulette à motif de zigzag.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier plein or et gardes blanches (1 + 1), sans
     filigrane.<watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition/>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>
  <index indexName="typo_reliure">
   <term>Reliure à la grecque, sur ais</term>
  </index>
  <index indexName="typo_decor">
   <term>Décor de rinceaux</term>
  </index> Reliure à la grecque en <material>maroquin</material> orange</p>
 <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes de Henri II dorées sur une pièce de maroquin olive
   découpée à la forme exacte des armes (104 mm), mosaïquée dans un rectangle central aux
   angles orné d'un léger motif de rinceaux peints en noir, le tout encadré d'une large
   bordure mosaïquée de maroquin rouge, à plein décor de rinceaux dorés (incluant un
   croissant dans les angles) dessinés en réserve sur un fond pointillé doré.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Au plat supérieur, titre <q>i • schonerii • opera •</q> doré
   au-dessus du bloc armorial.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos long à décor analogue avec pièces losangées de maroquin rouge et
   brun mosaïquées, respectivement au centre et aux deux extrémités du dos, ornées d'un
   décor de rinceaux doré en réserve sur un fond doré pointillé, avec fer azuré au chapeau
   à chaque extrémité ; chaque pièce de maroquin est redessinée par un encadrement argenté,
   lui-même complété de rinceaux sur les côtés et relevé par des traits tracés de plume à
   effet de rayures.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles doubles bicolores : points droits sur chevrons,
   bleus et jaunes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Chants des ais rainurés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes">Traces de petits boulons aux angles du rectangle intérieur ;
   traces des quatre lanières tressées d'origine sur les deux plats ; pas de traces de
   sabots.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées, ciselées et peintes (teinte rosée), à décor de
   rinceaux incluant des éléments de l'héraldique royale : triple croissant en tête, grand
   H couronné associé à un croissant en gouttière, chiffre HH en queue.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Absence de chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure"/>
 <condition/>
</binding>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Compartiments espacés</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> rouge sombre</p>
  <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes du chancelier Pierre Séguier, à décor de compartiments
     complétés de fers filigranés, parmi lesquels un fer à la petite tête (type B).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 6 nerfs, à décor filigrané analogue ; palette ornée sur les
     nerfs et en tête et queue du dos ; titrage dans le 2e caisson.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles à chapiteau tricolore (bleu, blanc et rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes ornées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes"/>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats">Contregardes en papier marbré à petit peigne, dans les tons
     bleu, blanc, jaune, rouge et blanc.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">
   <watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition>Quelques taches sombres
<!--surla --> sur le plat supérieur et larges
     éraflures du cuir au plat inférieur. Restauration en queue du mors inférieur (bande de
     cuir).</condition>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

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C Elements

<additions>

<additions> (additions) contains a description of any significant additions found within a manuscript or other object, such as marginalia or other annotations. [11.7.2. Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.physDescPart

Contained by

msdescription: physDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<additions>
 <p>There are several marginalia in this manuscript. Some consist of
   single characters and others are figurative. On 8v is to be found a drawing of
   a mans head wearing a hat. At times sentences occurs: On 5v:
 <q xml:lang="is">Her er skrif andres isslendin</q>,
   on 19r: <q xml:lang="is">þeim go</q>,
   on 21r: <q xml:lang="is">amen med aund ok munn halla rei knar hofud summu all huad
     batar þad mælgi ok mal</q>,
   On 21v: some runic letters and the sentence <q xml:lang="la">aue maria gracia plena dominus</q>.</p>
</additions>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element additions
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <additions> (additions)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <additions> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <additions> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Doodles on most leaves, possibly by children, and often quite
   amusing.</p>
</additions>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p xml:lang="fr">Quelques annotations marginales des XVIe et XVIIe s.</p>
</additions>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>The text of this manuscript is not interpolated with sentences from Royal
   decrees promulgated in 1294, 1305 and 1314. In the margins, however, another
   somewhat later scribe has added the relevant paragraphs of these decrees, see
   pp. 8, 24, 44, 47 etc.</p>
 <p>As a humorous gesture the scribe in one opening of the manuscript, pp. 36 and
   37, has prolonged the lower stems of one letter f and five letters þ and has
   them drizzle down the margin.</p>
</additions>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Spaces for initials and chapter headings were left by the scribe but not
   filled in. A later, probably fifteenth-century, hand has added initials and
   chapter headings in greenish-coloured ink on fols <locus>8r</locus>,
 <locus>8v</locus>, <locus>9r</locus>, <locus>10r</locus> and <locus>11r</locus>.
   Although a few of these chapter headings are now rather difficult to read, most
   can be made out, e.g. fol. <locus>8rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">floti ast<ex>ri</ex>d<ex>ar</ex>
  </quote>; fol.
 <locus>9rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">v<ex>m</ex> olaf conung</quote>, and fol.
 <locus>10ra</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">Gipti<ex>n</ex>g ol<ex>a</ex>fs
     k<ex>onun</ex>gs</quote>.</p>
 <p>The manuscript contains the following marginalia: <list>
   <item>Fol. <locus>4v</locus>, left margin: <quote xml:lang="is">hialmadr
    <ex>ok</ex>
     <lb/>brynjadr</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, imitating an addition made
       to the text by the scribe at this point.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>5r</locus>, lower margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þ<ex>e</ex>tta
         þiki m<ex>er</ex> v<ex>er</ex>a gott blek en<ex>n</ex>da kan<ex>n</ex> ek icki
         betr sia</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, probably the same as that on the
       previous page.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>9v</locus>, bottom margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þessa bok
         uilda eg <sic>gæt</sic> lært med
    <lb/>an Gud gefe myer Gott ad
    <lb/>læra</quote>; seventeenth-century hand.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
 <p>There are in addition a number of illegible scribbles in a later hand (or
   hands) on fols <locus>2r</locus>, <locus>3r</locus>, <locus>5v</locus> and
 <locus>19r</locus>.</p>
</additions>

<additions>

<additions>
 <p>There are several marginalia in this manuscript. Some consist of
   single characters and others are figurative. On 8v is to be found a drawing of
   a mans head wearing a hat. At times sentences occurs: On 5v:
 <q xml:lang="is">Her er skrif andres isslendin</q>,
   on 19r: <q xml:lang="is">þeim go</q>,
   on 21r: <q xml:lang="is">amen med aund ok munn halla rei knar hofud summu all huad
     batar þad mælgi ok mal</q>,
   On 21v: some runic letters and the sentence <q xml:lang="la">aue maria gracia plena dominus</q>.</p>
</additions>

<additions>

<additions>
 <p>There are several marginalia in this manuscript. Some consist of single characters and
   others are figurative. On 8v is to be found a drawing of a mans head wearing a hat. At
   times sentences occurs: On 5v:<q xml:lang="is">Her er skrif andres isslendin</q>, on
   19r: <q xml:lang="is">þeim go</q>, on 21r: <q xml:lang="is">amen med aund ok munn halla
     rei knar hofud summu all huad batar þad mælgi ok mal</q>, On 21v: some runic letters
   and the sentence <q xml:lang="la">aue maria gracia plena dominus</q>.</p>
</additions>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc> (binding description) describes the present and former bindings of a manuscript or other object, either as a series of paragraphs or as a series of distinct binding elements, one for each binding of the manuscript. [11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.physDescPart

Contained by

msdescription: physDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: binding condition decoNote

Example

<bindingDesc>
 <p>Sewing not visible; tightly rebound over
   19th-cent. pasteboards, reusing panels of 16th-cent. brown leather with
   gilt tooling à la fanfare, Paris c. 1580-90, the centre of each
   cover inlaid with a 17th-cent. oval medallion of red morocco tooled in
   gilt (perhaps replacing the identifying mark of a previous owner); the
   spine similarly tooled, without raised bands or title-piece; coloured
   endbands; the edges of the leaves and boards gilt.Boxed.</p>
</bindingDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <elementRef key="decoNote"/>
   <elementRef key="condition"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="binding" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element bindingDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( ( model.pLike | decoNote | condition )+ | binding+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <bindingDesc> (binding description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <bindingDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <bindingDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions

<bindingDesc>
 <p>Sewing not visible; tightly rebound over 19th-century pasteboards, reusing
   panels of 16th-century brown leather with gilt tooling à la fanfare, Paris c.
   1580-90, the centre of each cover inlaid with a 17th-century oval medallion of
   red morocco tooled in gilt (perhaps replacing the identifying mark of a previous
   owner); the spine similarly tooled, without raised bands or title-piece;
   coloured endbands; the edges of the leaves and boards gilt. Boxed.</p>
</bindingDesc>

<decoNote>

<bindingDesc>
 <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
   rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean Grolier
 <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas du plat
   supérieur. </decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra viventivm</q>
   dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque nerf et
   en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes"/>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
   pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
 </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat inférieur
   (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
</bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <p>Sewing not visible; tightly rebound over
   19th-cent. pasteboards, reusing panels of 16th-cent. brown leather with
   gilt tooling à la fanfare, Paris c. 1580-90, the centre of each
   cover inlaid with a 17th-cent. oval medallion of red morocco tooled in
   gilt (perhaps replacing the identifying mark of a previous owner); the
   spine similarly tooled, without raised bands or title-piece; coloured
   endbands; the edges of the leaves and boards gilt.Boxed.</p>
</bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Décor mosaïqué, avec formes géométriques à répétition</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> citron</p>
  <decoNote type="plats">à décor mosaïqué dit à répétition, dont l’effet de dallage est
     obtenu par des pièces polylobées de maroquin noir, ornée chacune d’une composition de
     petits fers plein or, cantonnées de petits disques de maroquin rouge ponctué chacun
     d’un cercle plein or, le tout serti de filets dorés courbes.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 5 nerfs à décor analogue (pièce polylobée de maroquin noir
     avec composition identique, cantonnée de quatre disques rouges, ponctués du même
     cercle plein or) ; filets dorés sur les nerfs ; pièce de titre rouge dans le 2e
     caisson, soulignée de deux lignes de points dorés identiques à celle portée en tête et
     queue du dos, sur une bande de maroquin noir.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples droites, tricolores (noir, bleu et
     rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes dorées, proposant en alternance un filet simple et une
     succession de traits obliques.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes">Signet de soie rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées sur marbrure à motif caillouté, dans les tons
     bleu et rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées d’une roulette à motif de zigzag.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier plein or et gardes blanches (1 + 1), sans
     filigrane.<watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition/>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <p>內外兩層經板將經葉含夾以後，以絲質經索綑紮，並附上白色哈達，然後以黃綾經衣包裹，就成了完整一函的經篋。</p>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Compartiments espacés</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> rouge sombre</p>
  <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes du chancelier Pierre Séguier, à décor de compartiments
     complétés de fers filigranés, parmi lesquels un fer à la petite tête (type B).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 6 nerfs, à décor filigrané analogue ; palette ornée sur les
     nerfs et en tête et queue du dos ; titrage dans le 2e caisson.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles à chapiteau tricolore (bleu, blanc et rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes ornées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes"/>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats">Contregardes en papier marbré à petit peigne, dans les tons
     bleu, blanc, jaune, rouge et blanc.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">
   <watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition>Quelques taches sombres
<!--surla --> sur le plat supérieur et larges
     éraflures du cuir au plat inférieur. Restauration en queue du mors inférieur (bande de
     cuir).</condition>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p> 使用與書寫的貝葉非同時代的樹條捆住</p>
 </binding>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>以十九世紀的不知名棉繩重綁；裁切邊緣並鍍金</p>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>Quarter bound by the Phillipps' binder, Bretherton, with his sticker on the front
     pastedown.</p>
 </binding>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>Rebound by an unknown 19th c. company; edges cropped and gilt.</p>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<binding>

<binding> (binding) contains a description of one binding, i.e. type of covering, boards, etc. applied to a manuscript or other object. [11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

contemporary contemporary⚓︎
(contemporary) specifies whether or not the binding is contemporary with the majority of its contents.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Note

The value true indicates that the binding is contemporaneous with its contents; the value false that it is not. The value unknown should be used when the date of either binding or manuscript is unknown

Contained by

msdescription: bindingDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: condition decoNote

Example

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>Contemporary blind stamped leather over wooden boards with evidence of a fore edge clasp
   closing to the back cover.</p>
</binding>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>Quarter bound by the Phillipps' binder, Bretherton, with his sticker on the front
     pastedown.</p>
 </binding>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>Rebound by an unknown 19th c. company; edges cropped and gilt.</p>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
  <elementRef key="condition"/>
  <elementRef key="decoNote"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element binding
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   attribute contemporary { teidata.xTruthValue }?,
   ( model.pLike | condition | decoNote )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <binding> (binding)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <binding> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <binding> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.3.2. Material and Object Type

<binding>
 <p>Brown <material>calfskin</material>, previously with two clasps.</p>
</binding>

11.3.3. Watermarks and Stamps

<binding>
 <p>Modern calf recasing with original armorial stamp <stamp>with legend
  <mentioned xml:lang="la">Ex Bibliotheca J. Richard
       D.M.</mentioned>
  </stamp>
 </p>
</binding>

11.7.3.1. Binding Descriptions

<binding>
 <p>Bound, s. XVIII (?), in <material>diced russia leather</material>
   retaining most of the original 15th century metal ornaments (but with some
   replacements) as well as the heavy wooden boards.</p>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On each cover: alternating circular stamps of the Holy Monogram, a
     sunburst, and a flower.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <decoNote>
  <p>On the cornerpieces, one of which is missing, a rectangular stamp
     of the Agnus Dei.</p>
 </decoNote>
 <condition>Front and back leather inlaid panels very badly worn.</condition>
 <p>Rebacked during the 19th century.</p>
</binding>

<bindingDesc>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Décor mosaïqué, avec formes géométriques à répétition</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> citron</p>
  <decoNote type="plats">à décor mosaïqué dit à répétition, dont l’effet de dallage est
     obtenu par des pièces polylobées de maroquin noir, ornée chacune d’une composition de
     petits fers plein or, cantonnées de petits disques de maroquin rouge ponctué chacun
     d’un cercle plein or, le tout serti de filets dorés courbes.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 5 nerfs à décor analogue (pièce polylobée de maroquin noir
     avec composition identique, cantonnée de quatre disques rouges, ponctués du même
     cercle plein or) ; filets dorés sur les nerfs ; pièce de titre rouge dans le 2e
     caisson, soulignée de deux lignes de points dorés identiques à celle portée en tête et
     queue du dos, sur une bande de maroquin noir.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples droites, tricolores (noir, bleu et
     rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes dorées, proposant en alternance un filet simple et une
     succession de traits obliques.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes">Signet de soie rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées sur marbrure à motif caillouté, dans les tons
     bleu et rose.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées d’une roulette à motif de zigzag.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier plein or et gardes blanches (1 + 1), sans
     filigrane.<watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition/>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>Contemporary blind stamped leather over wooden boards with evidence of a fore edge clasp
   closing to the back cover.</p>
</binding>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>
  <index indexName="typo_reliure">
   <term>Reliure à la grecque, sur ais</term>
  </index>
  <index indexName="typo_decor">
   <term>Décor de rinceaux</term>
  </index> Reliure à la grecque en <material>maroquin</material> orange</p>
 <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes de Henri II dorées sur une pièce de maroquin olive
   découpée à la forme exacte des armes (104 mm), mosaïquée dans un rectangle central aux
   angles orné d'un léger motif de rinceaux peints en noir, le tout encadré d'une large
   bordure mosaïquée de maroquin rouge, à plein décor de rinceaux dorés (incluant un
   croissant dans les angles) dessinés en réserve sur un fond pointillé doré.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_sup">Au plat supérieur, titre <q>i • schonerii • opera •</q> doré
   au-dessus du bloc armorial.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
 <decoNote type="dos">Dos long à décor analogue avec pièces losangées de maroquin rouge et
   brun mosaïquées, respectivement au centre et aux deux extrémités du dos, ornées d'un
   décor de rinceaux doré en réserve sur un fond doré pointillé, avec fer azuré au chapeau
   à chaque extrémité ; chaque pièce de maroquin est redessinée par un encadrement argenté,
   lui-même complété de rinceaux sur les côtés et relevé par des traits tracés de plume à
   effet de rayures.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles doubles bicolores : points droits sur chevrons,
   bleus et jaunes.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="coupes">Chants des ais rainurés.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="annexes">Traces de petits boulons aux angles du rectangle intérieur ;
   traces des quatre lanières tressées d'origine sur les deux plats ; pas de traces de
   sabots.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées, ciselées et peintes (teinte rosée), à décor de
   rinceaux incluant des éléments de l'héraldique royale : triple croissant en tête, grand
   H couronné associé à un croissant en gouttière, chiffre HH en queue.</decoNote>
 <decoNote type="contreplats"/>
 <decoNote type="chasses">Absence de chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
 <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes (3+2), filigrane <watermark>B</watermark>. </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
 <decoNote type="structure"/>
 <condition/>
</binding>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="true">
  <p>
   <index indexName="typo_reliure">
    <term>Reliure à décor</term>
   </index>
   <index indexName="typo_decor">
    <term>Compartiments espacés</term>
   </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> rouge sombre</p>
  <decoNote type="plats"> aux armes du chancelier Pierre Séguier, à décor de compartiments
     complétés de fers filigranés, parmi lesquels un fer à la petite tête (type B).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="plat_sup"/>
  <decoNote type="plat_inf"/>
  <decoNote type="dos">Dos à 6 nerfs, à décor filigrané analogue ; palette ornée sur les
     nerfs et en tête et queue du dos ; titrage dans le 2e caisson.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles à chapiteau tricolore (bleu, blanc et rose).</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="coupes">Coupes ornées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="annexes"/>
  <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="contreplats">Contregardes en papier marbré à petit peigne, dans les tons
     bleu, blanc, jaune, rouge et blanc.</decoNote>
  <decoNote type="chasses">Chasses ornées.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
  <decoNote type="gardes">
   <watermark/>
  </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
  <decoNote type="structure"/>
  <condition>Quelques taches sombres
<!--surla --> sur le plat supérieur et larges
     éraflures du cuir au plat inférieur. Restauration en queue du mors inférieur (bande de
     cuir).</condition>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<binding contemporary="true">
 <p>使用與內容物同時代的皮革包覆木版，背面有以前緣扣子扣住的跡象。</p>
</binding>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p> 使用與書寫的貝葉非同時代的樹條捆住</p>
 </binding>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>以十九世紀的不知名棉繩重綁；裁切邊緣並鍍金</p>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

<binding>

<bindingDesc>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>Quarter bound by the Phillipps' binder, Bretherton, with his sticker on the front
     pastedown.</p>
 </binding>
 <binding contemporary="false">
  <p>Rebound by an unknown 19th c. company; edges cropped and gilt.</p>
 </binding>
</bindingDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<sealDesc>

<sealDesc> (seal description) describes the seals or similar items related to the object described, either as a series of paragraphs or as a series of seal elements. [11.7.3.2. Seals]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.physDescPart

Contained by

msdescription: physDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: condition decoNote seal summary

Example

<sealDesc>
 <seal type="pendant" contemporary="true">
  <p>Green wax vertical oval seal attached at base.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<sealDesc>
 <p>Parchment strip for seal in place; seal missing.</p>
</sealDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="decoNote"/>
    <elementRef key="seal"/>
    <elementRef key="condition"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element sealDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( summary?, ( decoNote | seal | condition )+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <sealDesc> (seal description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <sealDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <sealDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.3.2. Seals

<sealDesc>
 <seal n="1" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>Round seal of <name>Anders Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         930</ref>
   </bibl>. Parchment tag, on which is written: <quote>pertinere nos
       predictorum placiti nostri iusticarii precessorum dif</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
 <seal n="2" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         1061</ref>
   </bibl>. Legend: <quote>S IOHANNES OLAVI</quote>. Parchment tag on
     which is written: <quote>Woldorp Iohanne G</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

<sealDesc>

<sealDesc>
 <seal type="pendant" contemporary="true">
  <p>Green wax vertical oval seal attached at base.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

<sealDesc>

<sealDesc>
 <p>Parchment strip for seal in place; seal missing.</p>
</sealDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<seal>

<seal> (seal) contains a description of one seal or similar applied to the object described. [11.7.3.2. Seals]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.typed

@type

@subtype

contemporary contemporary⚓︎
(contemporary) specifies whether or not the seal is contemporary with the item to which it is affixed

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Contained by

msdescription: sealDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: decoNote

Example

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax.
   (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S IOHANNES OLAVI</q>.
   Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
  <elementRef key="decoNote"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element seal
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute contemporary { teidata.xTruthValue }?,
   ( model.pLike | decoNote )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <seal> (seal)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <seal> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <seal> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.3.2. Seals

<sealDesc>
 <seal n="1" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>Round seal of <name>Anders Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         930</ref>
   </bibl>. Parchment tag, on which is written: <quote>pertinere nos
       predictorum placiti nostri iusticarii precessorum dif</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
 <seal n="2" type="pendant"
  subtype="cauda_duplex">
  <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax: <bibl>
    <ref>DAS
         1061</ref>
   </bibl>. Legend: <quote>S IOHANNES OLAVI</quote>. Parchment tag on
     which is written: <quote>Woldorp Iohanne G</quote>.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

<sealDesc>

<sealDesc>
 <seal type="pendant" contemporary="true">
  <p>Green wax vertical oval seal attached at base.</p>
 </seal>
</sealDesc>

<seal>

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax.
   (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S IOHANNES OLAVI</q>.
   Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

<seal>

<seal n="2" type="pendant"
 subtype="cauda_duplex">
 <p>The seal of <name>Jens Olufsen</name> in black wax. (<ref>DAS 1061</ref>). Legend: <q>S
     IOHANNES OLAVI</q>. Parchment tag on which is written: <q>Woldorp Iohanne G</q>.</p>
</seal>

<seal>

<seal>
 <p>清<name>乾隆</name>皇帝的「古稀天子之寶」玉璽，是選用整塊碧玉琢製而成，印面以正方形，雙龍鈕繫黃條，印面琢三行六字篆書，為乾隆年登70歲之印。</p>
</seal>

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C Elements

<accMat>

<accMat> (accompanying material) contains details of any significant additional material which may be closely associated with the manuscript or object being described, such as non-contemporaneous documents or fragments bound in with it at some earlier historical period. [11.7.3.3. Accompanying Material]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.physDescPart

Contained by

msdescription: physDesc

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<accMat>A copy of a tax form from 1947 is included in the envelope
with the letter. It is not catalogued separately.</accMat>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element accMat
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <accMat> (accompanying material)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <accMat> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <accMat> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.3.3. Accompanying Material

<accMat>
 <p>A slip in Árni Magnússon's hand has been stuck to the pastedown on the inside
   front cover; the text reads: <quote xml:lang="is">Þidreks Søgu þessa hefi eg
     feiged af Sekreterer Wielandt Anno 1715 i Kaupmanna høfn. Hun er, sem eg sie,
     Copia af Austfirda bókinni (Eidagás) en<ex>n</ex> ecki progenies Brædratungu
     bokarinnar. Og er þar fyrer eigi i allan<ex>n</ex> máta samhlioda
     þ<ex>eir</ex>re er Sr Jon Erlendz son hefer ritad fyrer Mag. Bryniolf. Þesse
     Þidreks Saga mun vera komin fra Sr Vigfuse á Helgafelle.</quote>
 </p>
</accMat>

<accMat>

<accMat>A copy of a tax form from 1947 is included in the envelope
with the letter. It is not catalogued separately.</accMat>

<accMat>

<accMat>A copy of a tax form from 1947 is included in the envelope with the letter. It is
not catalogued separately.</accMat>

<accMat>

<accMat>有張1947年的稅單一同與此信件放於信封裡，不單獨分類。</accMat>

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C Elements

<history>

<history> (history) groups elements describing the full history of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object. [11.8. History]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: msDesc msFrag msPart

namesdates: object

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: acquisition origin provenance summary

Example

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in Durham during the mid twelfth
     century.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval
     catalogues of the books belonging to Durham Priory, made in 1391 and
     1405.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to W. Olleyf by William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)
     and later belonged to Henry Dalton, Prior of Holy Island (Lindisfarne)
     according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to Trinity College in 1738 by
     Thomas Gale and his son Roger.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="origin" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="provenance"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <elementRef key="acquisition"
    minOccurs="0"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element history
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( summary?, origin?, provenance*, acquisition? ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <history> (history)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <history> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <history> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>Durham</origPlace> during <origDate notBefore="1125"
    notAfter="1175">the mid-twelfth
       century</origDate>.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval catalogues of the books belonging to
  <name type="org">Durham Priory</name>, made in <date>1391</date> and
  <date>1405</date>.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to <name type="person">W. Olleyf</name> by <name type="person">William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)</name> and later belonged to
  <name type="person">Henry Dalton</name>, Prior of Holy Island (<name type="place">Lindisfarne</name>) according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to <name type="org">Trinity College</name> in
  <date>1738</date> by <name type="person">Thomas Gale</name> and his son <name type="person">Roger</name>.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin notBefore="1225" notAfter="1275"> Written in Spain or Portugal in the
   middle of the 13th century (the date 1042, given in a marginal note on f. 97v,
   cannot be correct.)</origin>
 <provenance>The Spanish scholar <name type="person">Benito Arias Montano</name>
   (1527-1598) has written his name on f. 97r, and may be presumed to have owned
   the manuscript. </provenance>
 <provenance>It came somehow into the possession of <foreign xml:lang="da">etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Holger Parsberg</name> (1636-1692), who has written his name
   twice, once on the front pastedown and once on f. 1r, the former dated
 <date>1680</date> and the latter <date>1682</date>.</provenance>
 <provenance>Following Parsberg's death the manuscript was bought by
 <foreign>etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Jens Rosenkrantz</name> (1640-1695) when Parsberg's library
   was auctioned off (23 October 1693).</provenance>
 <acquisition notBefore="1696"
  notAfter="1697">The manuscript was acquired by
   Árni Magnússon from the estate of Jens Rosenkrantz, presumably at auction (the
   auction lot number 468 is written in red chalk on the flyleaf), either in 1696
   or 97.</acquisition>
</history>

<history>

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in Durham during the mid twelfth
     century.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval
     catalogues of the books belonging to Durham Priory, made in 1391 and
     1405.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to W. Olleyf by William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)
     and later belonged to Henry Dalton, Prior of Holy Island (Lindisfarne)
     according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to Trinity College in 1738 by
     Thomas Gale and his son Roger.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<history>

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>最早由迦葉尊者以梵文手寫。</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>後由菩提達摩傳給慧思禪師，再經由小野妹子於推古天皇十七年（西元609年）傳入日本。</p>
  <p>淨嚴和尚於1694年以梵文悉曇體手寫抄錄。</p>
  <p>穆勒（Max Muller）於1884年轉寫成天城體及羅馬拼音，傳至歐美國家。</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>現收藏於東京博物館。</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<origin>

<origin> (origin) contains any descriptive or other information concerning the origin of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object. [11.8. History]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

Contained by

msdescription: history

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<origin notBefore="1802" notAfter="1845"
 evidence="internal" resp="#AMH">Copied in <name type="origPlace">Derby</name>, probably from an
old Flemish original, between 1802 and 1845, according to <persName xml:id="AMH">Anne-Mette Hansen</persName>.
</origin>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element origin
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <origin> (origin)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <origin> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <origin> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>Durham</origPlace> during <origDate notBefore="1125"
    notAfter="1175">the mid-twelfth
       century</origDate>.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval catalogues of the books belonging to
  <name type="org">Durham Priory</name>, made in <date>1391</date> and
  <date>1405</date>.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to <name type="person">W. Olleyf</name> by <name type="person">William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)</name> and later belonged to
  <name type="person">Henry Dalton</name>, Prior of Holy Island (<name type="place">Lindisfarne</name>) according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to <name type="org">Trinity College</name> in
  <date>1738</date> by <name type="person">Thomas Gale</name> and his son <name type="person">Roger</name>.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin notBefore="1225" notAfter="1275"> Written in Spain or Portugal in the
   middle of the 13th century (the date 1042, given in a marginal note on f. 97v,
   cannot be correct.)</origin>
 <provenance>The Spanish scholar <name type="person">Benito Arias Montano</name>
   (1527-1598) has written his name on f. 97r, and may be presumed to have owned
   the manuscript. </provenance>
 <provenance>It came somehow into the possession of <foreign xml:lang="da">etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Holger Parsberg</name> (1636-1692), who has written his name
   twice, once on the front pastedown and once on f. 1r, the former dated
 <date>1680</date> and the latter <date>1682</date>.</provenance>
 <provenance>Following Parsberg's death the manuscript was bought by
 <foreign>etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Jens Rosenkrantz</name> (1640-1695) when Parsberg's library
   was auctioned off (23 October 1693).</provenance>
 <acquisition notBefore="1696"
  notAfter="1697">The manuscript was acquired by
   Árni Magnússon from the estate of Jens Rosenkrantz, presumably at auction (the
   auction lot number 468 is written in red chalk on the flyleaf), either in 1696
   or 97.</acquisition>
</history>

<history>

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in Durham during the mid twelfth
     century.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval
     catalogues of the books belonging to Durham Priory, made in 1391 and
     1405.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to W. Olleyf by William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)
     and later belonged to Henry Dalton, Prior of Holy Island (Lindisfarne)
     according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to Trinity College in 1738 by
     Thomas Gale and his son Roger.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<history>

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>最早由迦葉尊者以梵文手寫。</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>後由菩提達摩傳給慧思禪師，再經由小野妹子於推古天皇十七年（西元609年）傳入日本。</p>
  <p>淨嚴和尚於1694年以梵文悉曇體手寫抄錄。</p>
  <p>穆勒（Max Muller）於1884年轉寫成天城體及羅馬拼音，傳至歐美國家。</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>現收藏於東京博物館。</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<origin>

<origin notBefore="1802" notAfter="1845"
 evidence="internal" resp="#AMH">Copied in <name type="origPlace">Derby</name>, probably from an
old Flemish original, between 1802 and 1845, according to <persName xml:id="AMH">Anne-Mette Hansen</persName>.
</origin>

<origin>

<origin notBefore="1802" notAfter="1845"
 evidence="internal" resp="#fr_AMH"> Copied in <name type="origPlace">Derby</name>, probably from an old Flemish original, between 1802 and
1845, according to <persName xml:id="fr_AMH">Anne-Mette Hansen</persName>.</origin>

<origin>

<origin notBefore="1802" notAfter="1845"
 evidence="internal" resp="#zh-tw_HDM">抄寫於 <name type="origPlace">印度</name>，可能源自巴利文，時間介於1802至1845年間，由<persName xml:id="zh-tw_HDM">黃大鳴</persName>提供。</origin>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

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C Elements

<provenance>

<provenance> (provenance) contains any descriptive or other information concerning a single identifiable episode during the history of a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object after its creation but before its acquisition. [11.8. History]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

msdescription: history

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<provenance>Listed as the property of Lawrence Sterne in 1788.</provenance>
<provenance>Sold at Sothebys in 1899.</provenance>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element provenance
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <provenance> (provenance)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <provenance> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <provenance> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>Durham</origPlace> during <origDate notBefore="1125"
    notAfter="1175">the mid-twelfth
       century</origDate>.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval catalogues of the books belonging to
  <name type="org">Durham Priory</name>, made in <date>1391</date> and
  <date>1405</date>.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to <name type="person">W. Olleyf</name> by <name type="person">William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)</name> and later belonged to
  <name type="person">Henry Dalton</name>, Prior of Holy Island (<name type="place">Lindisfarne</name>) according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to <name type="org">Trinity College</name> in
  <date>1738</date> by <name type="person">Thomas Gale</name> and his son <name type="person">Roger</name>.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin notBefore="1225" notAfter="1275"> Written in Spain or Portugal in the
   middle of the 13th century (the date 1042, given in a marginal note on f. 97v,
   cannot be correct.)</origin>
 <provenance>The Spanish scholar <name type="person">Benito Arias Montano</name>
   (1527-1598) has written his name on f. 97r, and may be presumed to have owned
   the manuscript. </provenance>
 <provenance>It came somehow into the possession of <foreign xml:lang="da">etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Holger Parsberg</name> (1636-1692), who has written his name
   twice, once on the front pastedown and once on f. 1r, the former dated
 <date>1680</date> and the latter <date>1682</date>.</provenance>
 <provenance>Following Parsberg's death the manuscript was bought by
 <foreign>etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Jens Rosenkrantz</name> (1640-1695) when Parsberg's library
   was auctioned off (23 October 1693).</provenance>
 <acquisition notBefore="1696"
  notAfter="1697">The manuscript was acquired by
   Árni Magnússon from the estate of Jens Rosenkrantz, presumably at auction (the
   auction lot number 468 is written in red chalk on the flyleaf), either in 1696
   or 97.</acquisition>
</history>

<history>

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in Durham during the mid twelfth
     century.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval
     catalogues of the books belonging to Durham Priory, made in 1391 and
     1405.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to W. Olleyf by William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)
     and later belonged to Henry Dalton, Prior of Holy Island (Lindisfarne)
     according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to Trinity College in 1738 by
     Thomas Gale and his son Roger.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<history>

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>最早由迦葉尊者以梵文手寫。</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>後由菩提達摩傳給慧思禪師，再經由小野妹子於推古天皇十七年（西元609年）傳入日本。</p>
  <p>淨嚴和尚於1694年以梵文悉曇體手寫抄錄。</p>
  <p>穆勒（Max Muller）於1884年轉寫成天城體及羅馬拼音，傳至歐美國家。</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>現收藏於東京博物館。</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<provenance>

<provenance>Listed as the property of Lawrence Sterne in 1788.</provenance>
<provenance>Sold at Sothebys in 1899.</provenance>

<provenance>

<provenance>Listed as the property of Lawrence Sterne in 1788.</provenance>
<provenance>Sold at Sothebys in 1899.</provenance>

<provenance>

<provenance>1020年列為范寬的財產。</provenance>
<provenance>1024年於洛陽賣出。</provenance>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<acquisition>

<acquisition> (acquisition) contains any descriptive or other information concerning the process by which a manuscript or manuscript part or other object entered the holding institution. [11.8. History]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

Contained by

msdescription: history

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<acquisition>Left to the <name type="place">Bodleian</name> by
<name type="person">Richard Rawlinson</name> in 1755.
</acquisition>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element acquisition
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <acquisition> (acquisition)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <acquisition> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <acquisition> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>Durham</origPlace> during <origDate notBefore="1125"
    notAfter="1175">the mid-twelfth
       century</origDate>.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval catalogues of the books belonging to
  <name type="org">Durham Priory</name>, made in <date>1391</date> and
  <date>1405</date>.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to <name type="person">W. Olleyf</name> by <name type="person">William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)</name> and later belonged to
  <name type="person">Henry Dalton</name>, Prior of Holy Island (<name type="place">Lindisfarne</name>) according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to <name type="org">Trinity College</name> in
  <date>1738</date> by <name type="person">Thomas Gale</name> and his son <name type="person">Roger</name>.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

11.8. History

<history>
 <origin notBefore="1225" notAfter="1275"> Written in Spain or Portugal in the
   middle of the 13th century (the date 1042, given in a marginal note on f. 97v,
   cannot be correct.)</origin>
 <provenance>The Spanish scholar <name type="person">Benito Arias Montano</name>
   (1527-1598) has written his name on f. 97r, and may be presumed to have owned
   the manuscript. </provenance>
 <provenance>It came somehow into the possession of <foreign xml:lang="da">etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Holger Parsberg</name> (1636-1692), who has written his name
   twice, once on the front pastedown and once on f. 1r, the former dated
 <date>1680</date> and the latter <date>1682</date>.</provenance>
 <provenance>Following Parsberg's death the manuscript was bought by
 <foreign>etatsråd</foreign>
  <name type="person">Jens Rosenkrantz</name> (1640-1695) when Parsberg's library
   was auctioned off (23 October 1693).</provenance>
 <acquisition notBefore="1696"
  notAfter="1697">The manuscript was acquired by
   Árni Magnússon from the estate of Jens Rosenkrantz, presumably at auction (the
   auction lot number 468 is written in red chalk on the flyleaf), either in 1696
   or 97.</acquisition>
</history>

<history>

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>Written in Durham during the mid twelfth
     century.</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>Recorded in two medieval
     catalogues of the books belonging to Durham Priory, made in 1391 and
     1405.</p>
 </provenance>
 <provenance>
  <p>Given to W. Olleyf by William Ebchester, Prior (1446-56)
     and later belonged to Henry Dalton, Prior of Holy Island (Lindisfarne)
     according to inscriptions on ff. 4v and 5.</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>Presented to Trinity College in 1738 by
     Thomas Gale and his son Roger.</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<history>

<history>
 <origin>
  <p>最早由迦葉尊者以梵文手寫。</p>
 </origin>
 <provenance>
  <p>後由菩提達摩傳給慧思禪師，再經由小野妹子於推古天皇十七年（西元609年）傳入日本。</p>
  <p>淨嚴和尚於1694年以梵文悉曇體手寫抄錄。</p>
  <p>穆勒（Max Muller）於1884年轉寫成天城體及羅馬拼音，傳至歐美國家。</p>
 </provenance>
 <acquisition>
  <p>現收藏於東京博物館。</p>
 </acquisition>
</history>

<acquisition>

<acquisition>Left to the <name type="place">Bodleian</name> by
<name type="person">Richard Rawlinson</name> in 1755.
</acquisition>

<acquisition>

<acquisition>Left to the <name type="place">Bodleian</name> by<name type="person">Richard
   Rawlinson</name> in 1755.</acquisition>

<acquisition>

<acquisition>1998年9 月30 日，<name type="institution">CBETA</name> 與<name type="institution">日本大藏出版株式會社</name>簽約授權使用。</acquisition>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<additional>

<additional> (additional) groups additional information, combining bibliographic information about a manuscript or other object, or surrogate copies of it, with curatorial or administrative information. [11.9. Additional Information]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: msDesc msFrag msPart

namesdates: object

May contain

core: listBibl p

linking: ab

msdescription: adminInfo surrogates

Example

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- record history here -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- custodial history here -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- information about surrogates here -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- full bibliography here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="adminInfo"
    minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="surrogates"
    minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="listBibl" minOccurs="0"/>
  </sequence>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element additional
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( ( adminInfo?, surrogates?, listBibl? ) | model.pLike+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <additional> (additional)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <additional> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <additional> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- record history here -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- custodial history here -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- information about surrogates here -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- full bibliography here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- 檔案歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- 保管歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- 代用品資訊 -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- 完整參考書目 -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo> (administrative information) contains information about the present custody and availability of the manuscript or other object, and also about the record description itself. [11.9.1. Administrative Information]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: additional

May contain

core: note noteGrp

header: availability

msdescription: custodialHist recordHist

Example

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Record created <date>1 Aug 2004</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>Until 2015 permission to photocopy some materials from this
     collection has been limited at the request of the donor. Please ask repository staff for details
     if you are interested in obtaining photocopies from Series 1:
     Correspondence.</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>Collection donated to the Manuscript Library by the Estate of
     Edgar Holden in 1993. Donor number: 1993-034.</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="recordHist"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="availability"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="custodialHist"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <classRef key="model.noteLike"
   minOccurs="0"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element adminInfo
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( recordHist?, availability?, custodialHist?, model.noteLike? )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <adminInfo> (administrative information)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <adminInfo> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <adminInfo> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- record history here -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- custodial history here -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- information about surrogates here -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- full bibliography here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- 檔案歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- 保管歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- 代用品資訊 -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- 完整參考書目 -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Record created <date>1 Aug 2004</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>Until 2015 permission to photocopy some materials from this
     collection has been limited at the request of the donor. Please ask repository staff for details
     if you are interested in obtaining photocopies from Series 1:
     Correspondence.</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>Collection donated to the Manuscript Library by the Estate of
     Edgar Holden in 1993. Donor number: 1993-034.</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
  <change when="2009-10-05" who="Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5
       octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure de la
     Réserve des livres rares</change>
  <change when="2009-06-01" who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er juin
       2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
  <change when="2009-06-25" who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
       juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
 </recordHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>紀錄建立於<date>2004年8月1日</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>2015年以前，非經贈與此書者同意，不得翻印。若對內容有興趣，請洽藏書單位。</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>此收藏1993年捐贈於故宮博物院。贈與編號：1993-034。</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<recordHist>

<recordHist> (recorded history) provides information about the source and revision status of the parent manuscript or object description itself. [11.9.1. Administrative Information]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: adminInfo

May contain

core: p

header: change

linking: ab

msdescription: source

Example

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research
     by P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor)
   checked examples against DTD version 3.6
 </change>
</recordHist>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="source"/>
   <elementRef key="change" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element recordHist
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( source, change* ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <recordHist> (recorded history)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <recordHist> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <recordHist> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- record history here -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- custodial history here -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- information about surrogates here -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- full bibliography here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- 檔案歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- 保管歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- 代用品資訊 -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- 完整參考書目 -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
    <title>The index of Middle English
         verse</title>
    <biblScope>123</biblScope>
   </bibl>.</p>
 </source>
</recordHist>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Record created <date>1 Aug 2004</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>Until 2015 permission to photocopy some materials from this
     collection has been limited at the request of the donor. Please ask repository staff for details
     if you are interested in obtaining photocopies from Series 1:
     Correspondence.</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>Collection donated to the Manuscript Library by the Estate of
     Edgar Holden in 1993. Donor number: 1993-034.</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
  <change when="2009-10-05" who="Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5
       octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure de la
     Réserve des livres rares</change>
  <change when="2009-06-01" who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er juin
       2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
  <change when="2009-06-25" who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
       juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
 </recordHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>紀錄建立於<date>2004年8月1日</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>2015年以前，非經贈與此書者同意，不得翻印。若對內容有興趣，請洽藏書單位。</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>此收藏1993年捐贈於故宮博物院。贈與編號：1993-034。</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research
     by P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor)
   checked examples against DTD version 3.6
 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#fr_IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research by
     P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor) checked examples against DTD version
   3.6 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>源自<ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref>及P.M.W.羅賓森的附加研究。</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (編輯) 檢查不符DTD 3.6版本的範例</change>
</recordHist>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<source>

<source> (source) describes the original source for the information contained with a manuscript or object description. [11.9.1.1. Record History]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: recordHist

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<source>Derived from <ref>Stanley (1960)</ref>
</source>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element source
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <source> (source)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <source> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <source> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<source>
 <p>Directly catalogued from the original manuscript.</p>
</source>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
    <title>The index of Middle English
         verse</title>
    <biblScope>123</biblScope>
   </bibl>.</p>
 </source>
</recordHist>

11.9.1.1. Record History

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <source>
    <p>Information transcribed from <bibl>
      <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV</ref>
           123</bibl>.</p>
   </source>
  </recordHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="IMEV">
   <author>Carleton Brown</author> and <author>Rossell Hope Robbins</author>
   <title level="m">The index of Middle English verse</title>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <date>1943</date>
  </bibl>
<!-- other bibliographic records relating to this manuscript here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Record created <date>1 Aug 2004</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>Until 2015 permission to photocopy some materials from this
     collection has been limited at the request of the donor. Please ask repository staff for details
     if you are interested in obtaining photocopies from Series 1:
     Correspondence.</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>Collection donated to the Manuscript Library by the Estate of
     Edgar Holden in 1993. Donor number: 1993-034.</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
  <change when="2009-10-05" who="Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5
       octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure de la
     Réserve des livres rares</change>
  <change when="2009-06-01" who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er juin
       2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
  <change when="2009-06-25" who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
       juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
 </recordHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>紀錄建立於<date>2004年8月1日</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>2015年以前，非經贈與此書者同意，不得翻印。若對內容有興趣，請洽藏書單位。</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>此收藏1993年捐贈於故宮博物院。贈與編號：1993-034。</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research
     by P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor)
   checked examples against DTD version 3.6
 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>Derived from <ref target="#fr_IMEV">IMEV 123</ref> with additional research by
     P.M.W.Robinson</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (editor) checked examples against DTD version
   3.6 </change>
</recordHist>

<recordHist>

<recordHist>
 <source>
  <p>源自<ref target="#IMEV">IMEV 123</ref>及P.M.W.羅賓森的附加研究。</p>
 </source>
 <change when="1999-06-23">
  <name>LDB</name> (編輯) 檢查不符DTD 3.6版本的範例</change>
</recordHist>

<source>

<source>Derived from <ref>Stanley (1960)</ref>
</source>

<source>

<source>Derived from <ref>Stanley (1960)</ref>
</source>

<source>

<source>來自 <ref>Stanley (1960)</ref>
</source>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<custodialHist>

<custodialHist> (custodial history) contains a description of a manuscript or other object's custodial history, either as running prose or as a series of dated custodial events. [11.9.1.2. Availability and Custodial History]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: adminInfo

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

msdescription: custEvent

Example

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02">Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at
   Birgitte Dalls Konserveringsværksted.</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">Photographed in
   May 1988 by AMI/FA.</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">Dispatched to Iceland
   13 November 1989.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="custEvent" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element custodialHist
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | custEvent+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <custodialHist> (custodial history)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <custodialHist> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <custodialHist> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- record history here -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- custodial history here -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- information about surrogates here -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- full bibliography here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- 檔案歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- 保管歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- 代用品資訊 -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- 完整參考書目 -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.1.2. Availability and Custodial History

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03-01" notAfter="1963-02-28">
  <p>Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at Birgitte Dalls
     Konserveringsværksted.</p>
 </custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">
  <p>Photographed in May 1988 by AMI/FA.</p>
 </custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">
  <p>Dispatched to Iceland 13 November 1989.</p>
 </custEvent>
</custodialHist>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>Record created <date>1 Aug 2004</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>Until 2015 permission to photocopy some materials from this
     collection has been limited at the request of the donor. Please ask repository staff for details
     if you are interested in obtaining photocopies from Series 1:
     Correspondence.</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>Collection donated to the Manuscript Library by the Estate of
     Edgar Holden in 1993. Donor number: 1993-034.</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<adminInfo>

<adminInfo>
 <recordHist>
  <source>紀錄建立於<date>2004年8月1日</date>
  </source>
 </recordHist>
 <availability>
  <p>2015年以前，非經贈與此書者同意，不得翻印。若對內容有興趣，請洽藏書單位。</p>
 </availability>
 <custodialHist>
  <p>此收藏1993年捐贈於故宮博物院。贈與編號：1993-034。</p>
 </custodialHist>
</adminInfo>

<custodialHist>

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02">Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at
   Birgitte Dalls Konserveringsværksted.</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">Photographed in
   May 1988 by AMI/FA.</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">Dispatched to Iceland
   13 November 1989.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>

<custodialHist>

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02"> Conserved between
   March 1961 and February 1963 at Birgitte Dalls Konserveringsværksted.</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30"> Photographed
   in May 1988 by AMI/FA.</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13"> Dispatched to Iceland 13 November 1989.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>

<custodialHist>

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02"> 1961年3月至1963年2月保存於北京國家文物典藏館</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">1988年5月由國家攝影協會攝製</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13"> 1989年11月13日發送至冰島</custEvent>
</custodialHist>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<custEvent>

<custEvent> (custodial event) describes a single event during the custodial history of a manuscript or other object. [11.9.1.2. Availability and Custodial History]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

msdescription: custodialHist

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<custEvent type="photography">Photographed by David Cooper on <date>12 Dec 1964</date>
</custEvent>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element custEvent
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <custEvent> (custodial event)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <custEvent> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <custEvent> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

11. Manuscript Description

11.9.1.2. Availability and Custodial History

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03-01" notAfter="1963-02-28">
  <p>Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at Birgitte Dalls
     Konserveringsværksted.</p>
 </custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">
  <p>Photographed in May 1988 by AMI/FA.</p>
 </custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">
  <p>Dispatched to Iceland 13 November 1989.</p>
 </custEvent>
</custodialHist>

<custodialHist>

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02">Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at
   Birgitte Dalls Konserveringsværksted.</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">Photographed in
   May 1988 by AMI/FA.</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">Dispatched to Iceland
   13 November 1989.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>

<custodialHist>

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02"> Conserved between
   March 1961 and February 1963 at Birgitte Dalls Konserveringsværksted.</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30"> Photographed
   in May 1988 by AMI/FA.</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13"> Dispatched to Iceland 13 November 1989.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>

<custodialHist>

<custodialHist>
 <custEvent type="conservation"
  notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02"> 1961年3月至1963年2月保存於北京國家文物典藏館</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="photography"
  notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">1988年5月由國家攝影協會攝製</custEvent>
 <custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
  notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13"> 1989年11月13日發送至冰島</custEvent>
</custodialHist>

<custEvent>

<custEvent type="photography">Photographed by David Cooper on <date>12 Dec 1964</date>
</custEvent>

<custEvent>

<custEvent type="photography">Photographed by David Cooper on <date>12 Dec
   1964</date>
</custEvent>

<custEvent>

<custEvent type="photography">大衛．庫柏攝於<date>1964年12月12日</date>
</custEvent>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

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C Elements

<surrogates>

<surrogates> (surrogates) contains information about any representations of the manuscript or other object being described which may exist in the holding institution or elsewhere. [11.9. Additional Information]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

msdescription: additional

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element surrogates
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <surrogates> (surrogates)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <surrogates> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <surrogates> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- record history here -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- custodial history here -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- information about surrogates here -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- full bibliography here -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- ... -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- ... -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</additional>

<additional>

<additional>
 <adminInfo>
  <recordHist>
   <p>
<!-- 檔案歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </recordHist>
  <custodialHist>
   <p>
<!-- 保管歷史紀錄 -->
   </p>
  </custodialHist>
 </adminInfo>
 <surrogates>
  <p>
<!-- 代用品資訊 -->
  </p>
 </surrogates>
 <listBibl>
  <bibl>
<!-- ... -->
  </bibl>
<!-- 完整參考書目 -->
 </listBibl>
</additional>

11.9.2. Surrogates

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (master)</title>
  <idno>G.neg. 160</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">microfilm (archive)</title>
  <idno>G.pos. 186</idno>
   n.d.</bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 795 4to</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-27">27 January 1999</date>
  <note>copy of G.pos.
     186</note>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>reg.nr. 75</idno>
  <date when="1999-01-25">25 January 1999</date>
  <note>photographs of the spine, outside covers, stitching etc.</note>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <p>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">diapositive</title>
   <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>May 1984</date>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <title type="gmd">b/w prints</title>
   <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
   <date>1972</date>
  </bibl>
 </p>
</surrogates>

<surrogates>

<surrogates>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">透明正片</title>
  <idno>AM 74 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>May 1984</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl>
  <title type="gmd">黑白輸出</title>
  <idno>AM 75 a, fol.</idno>
  <date>1972</date>
 </bibl>
</surrogates>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<msPart>

<msPart> (manuscript part) contains information about an originally distinct manuscript or part of a manuscript, which is now part of a composite manuscript. [11.10. Manuscript Parts]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

msdescription: msDesc msPart

May contain

core: head p

linking: ab

msdescription: additional history msContents msIdentifier msPart physDesc

Note

As this last example shows, for compatibility reasons the identifier of a manuscript part may be supplied as a simple altIdentifier rather than using the more structured msIdentifier element. This usage is however deprecated.

Example

<msPart>
 <msIdentifier>
  <idno>A</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Becker</collection>
   <idno>48, Nr. 145</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Wiener Liste</collection>
   <idno>4°5</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <head>
  <title xml:lang="la">Gregorius: Homiliae in Ezechielem</title>
  <origPlace key="tgn_7008085">Weissenburg (?)</origPlace>
  <origDate notBefore="0801"
   notAfter="0815">IX. Jh., Anfang</origDate>
 </head>
</msPart>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="msIdentifier"/>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="msContents"/>
    <elementRef key="physDesc"/>
    <elementRef key="history"/>
    <elementRef key="additional"/>
    <elementRef key="msPart"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element msPart
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      msIdentifier,
      model.headLike*,
      (
         model.pLike+
       | ( msContents | physDesc | history | additional | msPart )*
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <msPart> (manuscript part)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <msPart> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <msPart> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msPart>
 <msIdentifier>
  <idno>A</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Becker</collection>
   <idno>48, Nr. 145</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
  <altIdentifier type="catalog">
   <collection>Wiener Liste</collection>
   <idno>4°5</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <head>
  <title xml:lang="la">Gregorius: Homiliae in Ezechielem</title>
  <origPlace key="tgn_7008085">Weissenburg (?)</origPlace>
  <origDate notBefore="0801"
   notAfter="0815">IX. Jh., Anfang</origDate>
 </head>
</msPart>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<msFrag>

<msFrag> (manuscript fragment) contains information about a fragment described in relation to a prior context, typically as a description of a virtual reconstruction of a manuscript or other object whose fragments were catalogued separately. [11.11. Manuscript Fragments]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

msdescription: msDesc

May contain

core: head p

linking: ab

msdescription: additional altIdentifier history msContents msIdentifier physDesc

Example

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="altIdentifier"/>
   <elementRef key="msIdentifier"/>
  </alternate>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="msContents"/>
    <elementRef key="physDesc"/>
    <elementRef key="history"/>
    <elementRef key="additional"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element msFrag
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( altIdentifier | msIdentifier ),
      model.headLike*,
      ( model.pLike+ | ( msContents | physDesc | history | additional )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <msFrag> (manuscript fragment)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <msFrag> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <msFrag> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

11. Manuscript Description

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<facsimile>

<facsimile> contains a representation of some written source in the form of a set of images rather than as transcribed or encoded text. [12.1. Digital Facsimiles]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

Member of

model.resource

Contained by

core: teiCorpus

textstructure: TEI

transcr: facsimile

May contain

core: binaryObject graphic media

figures: formula

textstructure: back front

transcr: facsimile surface surfaceGrp

Example

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <surface>
  <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
 </surface>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:facsimile//tei:line | tei:facsimile//tei:zone">
<sch:report test="child::text()[ normalize-space(.) ne '']"> A facsimile element represents a text with images, thus
transcribed text should not be present within it.
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="front" minOccurs="0"/>
  <alternate>
   <alternate minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
    <elementRef key="surface"/>
    <elementRef key="surfaceGrp"/>
   </alternate>
   <elementRef key="facsimile"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="back" minOccurs="0"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element facsimile
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   (
      front?,
      ( ( model.graphicLike | surface | surfaceGrp )+ | facsimile+ ),
      back?
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <facsimile>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <facsimile> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <facsimile> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

12. Representation of Primary Sources

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="400" lry="280">
  <zone points="220,100 300,210 170,250 123,234">
   <graphic url="handwriting.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<graphic>

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

<graphic>

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1" xml:id="spi001">
  <surface xml:id="spi001r">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
  </surface>
  <surface xml:id="spi001v">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <zone xml:id="spi001v_detail01">
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/normal/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

4. Default Text Structure

<TEI>

<TEI version="2.9.1" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A TEI Document containing four page images </title>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>Unpublished demonstration file.</p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>No source: this is an original work.</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <facsimile>
  <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2.png"/>
  <graphic url="page3.png"/>
  <graphic url="page4.png"/>
 </facsimile>
</TEI>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <graphic url="page2.png"/>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <surface>
  <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
 </surface>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
  <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="210" lry="280">
<!-- left hand page -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="240" uly="25" lrx="400"
   lry="280">
<!-- right hand page -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="90" uly="40" lrx="200" lry="225">
<!--- written part of left hand page -->
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  <zone ulx="25" uly="25" lrx="180" lry="60">
<!-- contains the title -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178"/>
<!-- contains the paragraph in italics -->
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160"/>
<!-- contains the figure -->
  <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60" lry="130"/>
<!-- contains the word "pendans" -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  <zone points="4.8,31.0 5.4,30.7 5.5,32.2 5.8,32.8 6.1,33.4 5.5,33.7 5.1,33.3 4.6,32.2"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone xml:id="B49r" ulx="0" uly="0"
   lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
  <zone xml:id="B49rHead" ulx="25" uly="25"
   lrx="180" lry="60"/>
<!-- contains the title -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rPara2" ulx="28" uly="75"
   lrx="175" lry="178"/>
<!-- contains the first paragraph in italics -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rFig1" ulx="105" uly="76"
   lrx="175" lry="160"/>
<!-- contains the figure -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rW457" ulx="45" uly="125"
   lrx="60" lry="130"/>
<!-- contains the word "pendans" -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface start="#PB49R">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
<!-- ... -->
   <pb xml:id="PB49R"/>
   <fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<!-- ... -->
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

<facsimile>

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <surface>
  <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
 </surface>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

<facsimile>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

<surface>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

<zone>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="graphic.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
<!-- ... -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

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C Elements

<sourceDoc>

<sourceDoc> contains a transcription or other representation of a single source document potentially forming part of a dossier génétique or collection of sources. [12.1. Digital Facsimiles 12.2.2. Embedded Transcription]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

Member of

model.resource

Contained by

core: teiCorpus

textstructure: TEI

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: binaryObject cb ellipsis gap gb graphic index lb media milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin surface surfaceGrp

Note

This element may be used as an alternative to facsimile for TEI documents containing only page images, or for documents containing both images and transcriptions. Transcriptions may be provided within the surface elements making up a source document, in parallel with them as part of a text element, or in both places if the encoder wishes to distinguish these two modes of transcription.

Example

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface facs="page1.png">
   <zone>All the writing on page 1</zone>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
   <zone>
    <line>A line of writing on page 2</line>
    <line>Another line of writing on page 2</line>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
  <elementRef key="surface"/>
  <elementRef key="surfaceGrp"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element sourceDoc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   ( model.global | model.graphicLike | surface | surfaceGrp )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <sourceDoc>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <sourceDoc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <sourceDoc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

<sourceDoc>

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface facs="page1.png">
   <zone>All the writing on page 1</zone>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
   <zone>
    <line>A line of writing on page 2</line>
    <line>Another line of writing on page 2</line>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

<surfaceGrp>

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp>
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200"
   lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200"
   lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49v.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

<sourceDoc>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
<!-- ... -->
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178">
   <line>LEs cloches ont quasi
       fi</line>
   <line>gures de rondes pyra</line>
   <line>mides imperfaictes &amp;
   </line>
   <line> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se</line>
   <line> fait par reigle geometrique. Com</line>
   <line>me si les deux cloches C
       &amp; D </line>
   <line> sont <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60"
     lry="130">pendans</zone> à ung mesme axe</line>
   <line> ou essieu A B: je dis que
       leur ac</line>
   <line>cord se fera en cõtraires parties</line>
   <line> cõme
       voyez icy figuré. Car quãd </line>
   <line> lune sera en hault, laultre
       declinera embas. Aultrement si elles declinent toutes deux ensembles en une
       mesme partie, elles seront discord,</line>
   <line> &amp; sera leur sonnerie
       mal plaisante à oyr.</line>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>

12.4. Aspects of Layout

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp type="quire" n="1">
  <surfaceGrp type="leaf" n="1">
   <surface type="recto" n="1r">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
   <surface type="verso" n="1v">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
  </surfaceGrp>
  <surfaceGrp type="leaf" n="2">
   <surface type="recto" n="2r">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
   <surface type="verso" n="2v">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
  </surfaceGrp>
<!-- other leaves in first quire -->
 </surfaceGrp>
<!-- other quires here -->
</sourceDoc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<surface>

<surface> defines a written surface as a two-dimensional coordinate space, optionally grouping one or more graphic representations of that space, zones of interest within that space, and, when using an embedded transcription approach, transcriptions of the writing within them. [12.1. Digital Facsimiles 12.2.2. Embedded Transcription]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.coordinated

@start

@ulx

@uly

@lrx

@lry

@points

att.declaring

@decls

att.typed

@type

@subtype

attachment attachment⚓︎
describes the method by which this surface is or was connected to the main surface.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

glued

glued in place

pinned

pinned or stapled in place

sewn

sewn in place

flipping flipping⚓︎
indicates whether the surface is attached and folded in such a way as to provide two writing surfaces.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Contained by

transcr: facsimile sourceDoc surface surfaceGrp zone

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: binaryObject cb desc ellipsis gap gb graphic index label lb media milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw line listTranspose metamark path space substJoin surface surfaceGrp zone

Note

The surface element represents any two-dimensional space on some physical surface forming part of the source material, such as a piece of paper, a face of a monument, a billboard, a scroll, a leaf etc.

The coordinate space defined by this element may be thought of as a grid lrx - ulx units wide and uly - lry units high.

The surface element may contain graphic representations or transcriptions of written zones, or both. The coordinate values used by every zone element contained by this element are to be understood with reference to the same grid.

Where it is useful or meaningful to do so, any grouping of multiple surface elements may be indicated using the surfaceGrp element.

Example

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <classRef key="model.labelLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <alternate>
    <elementRef key="zone"/>
    <elementRef key="line"/>
    <elementRef key="path"/>
    <elementRef key="surface"/>
    <elementRef key="surfaceGrp"/>
   </alternate>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element surface
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.coordinated.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute attachment { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute flipping { teidata.truthValue }?,
   (
      ( model.global | model.labelLike | model.graphicLike )*,
      ( ( ( zone | line | path | surface | surfaceGrp ), model.global* )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <surface>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <surface> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <surface> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

12. Representation of Primary Sources

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="400" lry="280">
  <zone points="220,100 300,210 170,250 123,234">
   <graphic url="handwriting.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<graphic>

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

<graphic>

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1" xml:id="spi001">
  <surface xml:id="spi001r">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
  </surface>
  <surface xml:id="spi001v">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <zone xml:id="spi001v_detail01">
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/normal/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <surface>
  <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
 </surface>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
  <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="210" lry="280">
<!-- left hand page -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="240" uly="25" lrx="400"
   lry="280">
<!-- right hand page -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="90" uly="40" lrx="200" lry="225">
<!--- written part of left hand page -->
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  <zone ulx="25" uly="25" lrx="180" lry="60">
<!-- contains the title -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178"/>
<!-- contains the paragraph in italics -->
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160"/>
<!-- contains the figure -->
  <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60" lry="130"/>
<!-- contains the word "pendans" -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  <zone points="4.8,31.0 5.4,30.7 5.5,32.2 5.8,32.8 6.1,33.4 5.5,33.7 5.1,33.3 4.6,32.2"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="443" lry="272">
 <graphic url="facs-fig3.jpg"/>
 <path points="74,73 171,244"
  xml:id="balan"/>
 <path points="71,203 173,116"
  xml:id="dindan"/>
</surface>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="411" lry="652">
 <graphic url="sterne.png"/>
 <path points="65,511 88,510 92,517 100,521 107,520 112,516 116,512 117,511 152,512 156,508 162,505 169,505 174,506 178,509 179,512 236,514 136,479 208,493 270,512 328,513 336,525 339,528 339,536 331,539 328,535 329,530 334,526 342,521 345,519 350,512 397,514 402,498 414,515 425,515 435,531 440,513 475,513 475,518 477,520 479,521 481,522 483,521 484,518 486,516 486,514 491,512 494,514 496,520 496,529 493,535 494,539 497,543 501,543 504,543 507,540 508,537 507,526 505,518 502,510 501,508 501,503 503,501 506,500 510,500 512,503 513,507 511,513 543,516 552,513 552,501 550,496 549,490 552,486 562,487 564,468 559,465 557,462 556,457 558,453 562,450 570,451 573,446 579,433"/>
</surface>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone xml:id="B49r" ulx="0" uly="0"
   lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
  <zone xml:id="B49rHead" ulx="25" uly="25"
   lrx="180" lry="60"/>
<!-- contains the title -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rPara2" ulx="28" uly="75"
   lrx="175" lry="178"/>
<!-- contains the first paragraph in italics -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rFig1" ulx="105" uly="76"
   lrx="175" lry="160"/>
<!-- contains the figure -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rW457" ulx="45" uly="125"
   lrx="60" lry="130"/>
<!-- contains the word "pendans" -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface start="#PB49R">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
<!-- ... -->
   <pb xml:id="PB49R"/>
   <fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<!-- ... -->
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

<facsimile>

<facsimile>
 <graphic url="page1.png"/>
 <surface>
  <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
  <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
 </surface>
 <graphic url="page3.png"/>
 <graphic url="page4.png"/>
</facsimile>

<facsimile>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

<sourceDoc>

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface facs="page1.png">
   <zone>All the writing on page 1</zone>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
   <zone>
    <line>A line of writing on page 2</line>
    <line>Another line of writing on page 2</line>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

<surface>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

<surfaceGrp>

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp>
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200"
   lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200"
   lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49v.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

<zone>

<surface ulx="14.54" uly="16.14" lrx="0"
 lry="0">
 <graphic url="stone.jpg"/>
 <zone points="4.6,6.3 5.25,5.85 6.2,6.6 8.19222,7.4125 9.89222,6.5875 10.9422,6.1375 11.4422,6.7125 8.21722,8.3125 6.2,7.65"/>
</surface>

<zone>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="graphic.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

<path>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="443" lry="272">
 <graphic url="facs-fig3.jpg"/>
 <path points="74,73 171,244"/>
 <path points="71,203 173,116"/>
</surface>

12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

<sourceDoc>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
<!-- ... -->
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178">
   <line>LEs cloches ont quasi
       fi</line>
   <line>gures de rondes pyra</line>
   <line>mides imperfaictes &amp;
   </line>
   <line> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se</line>
   <line> fait par reigle geometrique. Com</line>
   <line>me si les deux cloches C
       &amp; D </line>
   <line> sont <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60"
     lry="130">pendans</zone> à ung mesme axe</line>
   <line> ou essieu A B: je dis que
       leur ac</line>
   <line>cord se fera en cõtraires parties</line>
   <line> cõme
       voyez icy figuré. Car quãd </line>
   <line> lune sera en hault, laultre
       declinera embas. Aultrement si elles declinent toutes deux ensembles en une
       mesme partie, elles seront discord,</line>
   <line> &amp; sera leur sonnerie
       mal plaisante à oyr.</line>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>

12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>Spring has just set in here, and the weather[...] a steamer </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">2</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>"The shores on either side of the Sound are... The In- </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">3</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="50" lry="50">
 <zone ulx="1" uly="1" lrx="10" lry="10">
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone ulx="4" uly="4" lrx="20" lry="20">
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>Spring has just set in here, and the weather[...] a steamer </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">2</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="50" lry="50">
 <zone ulx="1" uly="1" lrx="10" lry="10">
  <line>Poem</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone ulx="4" uly="4" lrx="20" lry="20">
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="100"
   lry="100">
   <zone ulx="10" uly="10" lrx="90" lry="95"> Spring has just set in here, and the
       weather [...] a steamer </zone>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="229" lry="160">
 <graphic url="whitman-02.jpg"/>
 <zone xml:id="entered"
  points="142,122 155,113 178,122 208,144 198,154 178,139"/>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface xml:id="badge" ulx="14.54"
 uly="16.14" lrx="0" lry="0">
 <graphic url="stone.jpg"/>
 <zone xml:id="county"
  points="4.6,6.3 5.25,5.85 6.2,6.6 8.2,7.4 9.9,6.6 10.9,6.1 11.4,6.7 8.2,8.3 6.2,7.6"/>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
<!-- ... -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used" target="#X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

12.4. Aspects of Layout

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp type="quire" n="1">
  <surfaceGrp type="leaf" n="1">
   <surface type="recto" n="1r">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
   <surface type="verso" n="1v">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
  </surfaceGrp>
  <surfaceGrp type="leaf" n="2">
   <surface type="recto" n="2r">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
   <surface type="verso" n="2v">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
  </surfaceGrp>
<!-- other leaves in first quire -->
 </surfaceGrp>
<!-- other quires here -->
</sourceDoc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<line>

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
</surface>

<line>

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Hope you enjoyed</line>
  <line>Wales, as they
     said</line>
  <line>to Mrs FitzHerbert</line>
  <line>Mama</line>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <line>Printed in England</line>
 </zone>
</surface>

<metamark>

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="zone-X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used"
  target="#zone-X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

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C Elements

<surfaceGrp>

<surfaceGrp> (surface group) defines any kind of useful grouping of written surfaces, for example the recto and verso of a single leaf, which the encoder wishes to treat as a single unit. [12.1. Digital Facsimiles]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

transcr: facsimile sourceDoc surface surfaceGrp

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb ellipsis gap gb index lb milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin surface surfaceGrp

Note

Where it is useful or meaningful to do so, any grouping of multiple surface elements may be indicated using the surfaceGrp elements.

Example

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp>
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200"
   lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200"
   lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49v.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <elementRef key="surface"/>
  <elementRef key="surfaceGrp"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element surfaceGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( model.global | surface | surfaceGrp )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <surfaceGrp> (surface group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <surfaceGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <surfaceGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

12. Representation of Primary Sources

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<graphic>

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

<graphic>

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1" xml:id="spi001">
  <surface xml:id="spi001r">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
  </surface>
  <surface xml:id="spi001v">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <zone xml:id="spi001v_detail01">
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/normal/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page1.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

<sourceDoc>

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface facs="page1.png">
   <zone>All the writing on page 1</zone>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
   <zone>
    <line>A line of writing on page 2</line>
    <line>Another line of writing on page 2</line>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

<surfaceGrp>

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp>
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200"
   lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </surface>
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200"
   lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49v.png"/>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

12.4. Aspects of Layout

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp type="quire" n="1">
  <surfaceGrp type="leaf" n="1">
   <surface type="recto" n="1r">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
   <surface type="verso" n="1v">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
  </surfaceGrp>
  <surfaceGrp type="leaf" n="2">
   <surface type="recto" n="2r">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
   <surface type="verso" n="2v">
<!-- ... -->
   </surface>
  </surfaceGrp>
<!-- other leaves in first quire -->
 </surfaceGrp>
<!-- other quires here -->
</sourceDoc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<zone>

<zone> defines any two-dimensional area within a surface element. [12.1. Digital Facsimiles 12.2.2. Embedded Transcription]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.coordinated

@start

@ulx

@uly

@lrx

@lry

@points

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

rotate rotate⚓︎
indicates the amount by which this zone has been rotated clockwise, with respect to the normal orientation of the parent surface element as implied by the dimensions given in the msDesc element or by the coordinates of the surface itself. The orientation is expressed in arc degrees.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

Default
0

Member of

model.linePart model.standOffPart

Contained by

linking: standOff

transcr: line surface zone

May contain

analysis: c interp interpGrp pc span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: add binaryObject cb choice del ellipsis gap gb graphic hi index lb media milestone note noteGrp pb q unclear

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damage damageSpan delSpan fw handShift line listTranspose metamark mod path redo restore retrace space substJoin surface undo zone

character data

Note

The position of every zone for a given surface is always defined by reference to the coordinate system defined for that surface.

A graphic element contained by a zone represents the whole of the zone.

A zone may be of any shape. The attribute points may be used to define a polygonal zone, using the coordinate system defined by its parent surface.

A zone is always a closed polygon. Repeating the initial coordinate at the end of the sequence is optional. To encode an unclosed path, use the path element.

Example

<surface ulx="14.54" uly="16.14" lrx="0"
 lry="0">
 <graphic url="stone.jpg"/>
 <zone points="4.6,6.3 5.25,5.85 6.2,6.6 8.19222,7.4125 9.89222,6.5875 10.9422,6.1375 11.4422,6.7125 8.21722,8.3125 6.2,7.65"/>
</surface>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This example defines a non-rectangular zone: see the illustration in section 12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of surface and zone.

Example

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="graphic.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This example defines a zone which has been defined as larger than its parent surface in order to match the dimensions of the graphic it contains.

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <elementRef key="surface"/>
  <classRef key="model.linePart"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element zone
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.coordinated.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   attribute rotate { teidata.numeric }?,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.graphicLike
    | model.global
    | surface
    | model.linePart
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <zone>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <zone> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <zone> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

12. Representation of Primary Sources

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="400" lry="280">
  <zone points="220,100 300,210 170,250 123,234">
   <graphic url="handwriting.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<graphic>

<facsimile>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1" xml:id="spi001">
  <surface xml:id="spi001r">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001r.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001r.jpg"/>
  </surface>
  <surface xml:id="spi001v">
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal" subtype="low-res"
    url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="normal"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/normal/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="low-res" url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <graphic type="high-contrast"
    subtype="high-res" url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v.jpg"/>
   <zone xml:id="spi001v_detail01">
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="thumbnail" url="spi/thumb/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/normal/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="normal"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/normal/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="low-res"
     url="spi/contrast/lowRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
    <graphic type="high-contrast"
     subtype="high-res"
     url="spi/contrast/highRes/001v-detail01.jpg"/>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</facsimile>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="210" lry="280">
<!-- left hand page -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="240" uly="25" lrx="400"
   lry="280">
<!-- right hand page -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="90" uly="40" lrx="200" lry="225">
<!--- written part of left hand page -->
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  <zone ulx="25" uly="25" lrx="180" lry="60">
<!-- contains the title -->
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178"/>
<!-- contains the paragraph in italics -->
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160"/>
<!-- contains the figure -->
  <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60" lry="130"/>
<!-- contains the word "pendans" -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  <zone points="4.8,31.0 5.4,30.7 5.5,32.2 5.8,32.8 6.1,33.4 5.5,33.7 5.1,33.3 4.6,32.2"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175" lry="160">
 <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
</zone>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone xml:id="B49r" ulx="0" uly="0"
   lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
  <zone xml:id="B49rHead" ulx="25" uly="25"
   lrx="180" lry="60"/>
<!-- contains the title -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rPara2" ulx="28" uly="75"
   lrx="175" lry="178"/>
<!-- contains the first paragraph in italics -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rFig1" ulx="105" uly="76"
   lrx="175" lry="160"/>
<!-- contains the figure -->
  <zone xml:id="B49rW457" ulx="45" uly="125"
   lrx="60" lry="130"/>
<!-- contains the word "pendans" -->
 </surface>
</facsimile>

<sourceDoc>

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface facs="page1.png">
   <zone>All the writing on page 1</zone>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
   <zone>
    <line>A line of writing on page 2</line>
    <line>Another line of writing on page 2</line>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

<zone>

<surface ulx="14.54" uly="16.14" lrx="0"
 lry="0">
 <graphic url="stone.jpg"/>
 <zone points="4.6,6.3 5.25,5.85 6.2,6.6 8.19222,7.4125 9.89222,6.5875 10.9422,6.1375 11.4422,6.7125 8.21722,8.3125 6.2,7.65"/>
</surface>

<zone>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="graphic.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

<sourceDoc>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
<!-- ... -->
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178">
   <line>LEs cloches ont quasi
       fi</line>
   <line>gures de rondes pyra</line>
   <line>mides imperfaictes &amp;
   </line>
   <line> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se</line>
   <line> fait par reigle geometrique. Com</line>
   <line>me si les deux cloches C
       &amp; D </line>
   <line> sont <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60"
     lry="130">pendans</zone> à ung mesme axe</line>
   <line> ou essieu A B: je dis que
       leur ac</line>
   <line>cord se fera en cõtraires parties</line>
   <line> cõme
       voyez icy figuré. Car quãd </line>
   <line> lune sera en hault, laultre
       declinera embas. Aultrement si elles declinent toutes deux ensembles en une
       mesme partie, elles seront discord,</line>
   <line> &amp; sera leur sonnerie
       mal plaisante à oyr.</line>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>

12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>Spring has just set in here, and the weather[...] a steamer </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">2</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>"The shores on either side of the Sound are... The In- </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">3</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="50" lry="50">
 <zone ulx="1" uly="1" lrx="10" lry="10">
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone ulx="4" uly="4" lrx="20" lry="20">
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>Spring has just set in here, and the weather[...] a steamer </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">2</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="50" lry="50">
 <zone ulx="1" uly="1" lrx="10" lry="10">
  <line>Poem</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone ulx="4" uly="4" lrx="20" lry="20">
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="100"
   lry="100">
   <zone ulx="10" uly="10" lrx="90" lry="95"> Spring has just set in here, and the
       weather [...] a steamer </zone>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="229" lry="160">
 <graphic url="whitman-02.jpg"/>
 <zone xml:id="entered"
  points="142,122 155,113 178,122 208,144 198,154 178,139"/>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface xml:id="badge" ulx="14.54"
 uly="16.14" lrx="0" lry="0">
 <graphic url="stone.jpg"/>
 <zone xml:id="county"
  points="4.6,6.3 5.25,5.85 6.2,6.6 8.2,7.4 9.9,6.6 10.9,6.1 11.4,6.7 8.2,8.3 6.2,7.6"/>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="50" uly="20" lrx="400"
  lry="280">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="500" lry="321">
   <graphic url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Handschrift.karlsruhe.blb.jpg"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<delSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L3"/>
<metamark function="flag" target="#zone-1"
 change="#L2">lege</metamark>
<zone xml:id="zone-1" change="#L1">Ock en schullen de bruwere des hilgen dages
nicht over setten noch uppe den stillen fridach bruwen.</zone>
<addSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L2"/>
<zone>Noch nymande over setten, se en sehin denne erst, dat uppe den bonen neyn
stro noch, huw noch flaß ligghe, by pine eyner halven roden, deme bruwere so
wol alse dem bruwheren to murende.</zone>
<anchor xml:id="endDel"/>

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used" target="#X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<line>

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
</surface>

<line>

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Hope you enjoyed</line>
  <line>Wales, as they
     said</line>
  <line>to Mrs FitzHerbert</line>
  <line>Mama</line>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <line>Printed in England</line>
 </zone>
</surface>

<metamark>

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="zone-X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used"
  target="#zone-X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<path>

<path> (path) defines any line passing through two or more points within a surface element. [12.1. Digital Facsimiles 12.2.2. Embedded Transcription]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.coordinated

@start

@ulx

@uly

@lrx

@lry

@points

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

points points⚓︎
identifies a line within the container or bounding box specified by the parent element by means of a series of two or more pairs of numbers, each of which gives the x,y coordinates of a point on the line.

Status
Optional

Datatype
2–∞ occurrences of teidata.point separated by whitespace

Member of

model.linePart

Contained by

transcr: line surface zone

May contain
Empty element

Note

Although the simplest form of a path is a straight line between two points, a line with more than two points may bend at any point. The order of coordinates in points is significant, because the line follows the coordinate sequence.

To specify a closed polygon, use the zone element rather than the path element.

Example

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="443" lry="272">
 <graphic url="facs-fig3.jpg"/>
 <path points="74,73 171,244"/>
 <path points="71,203 173,116"/>
</surface>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron
Since a path represents a line with distinct start and end points, the last coordinate should not be the same as the first coordinate.

<sch:rule context="tei:path[@points]">
<sch:let name="firstPair"
 value="tokenize( normalize-space( @points ), ' ')[1]"/>
<sch:let name="lastPair"
 value="tokenize( normalize-space( @points ), ' ')[last()]"/>
<sch:let name="firstX"
 value="xs:float( substring-before( $firstPair, ',') )"/>
<sch:let name="firstY"
 value="xs:float( substring-after( $firstPair, ',') )"/>
<sch:let name="lastX"
 value="xs:float( substring-before( $lastPair, ',') )"/>
<sch:let name="lastY"
 value="xs:float( substring-after( $lastPair, ',') )"/>
<sch:report test="$firstX eq $lastX and $firstY eq $lastY">The first and
last elements of this path are the same. To specify a closed polygon, use
the zone element rather than the path element. </sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element path
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.coordinated.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   attribute points { list { teidata.point, teidata.point, teidata.point* } }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <path> (path)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <path> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <path> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="443" lry="272">
 <graphic url="facs-fig3.jpg"/>
 <path points="74,73 171,244"
  xml:id="balan"/>
 <path points="71,203 173,116"
  xml:id="dindan"/>
</surface>

12.1. Digital Facsimiles

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="411" lry="652">
 <graphic url="sterne.png"/>
 <path points="65,511 88,510 92,517 100,521 107,520 112,516 116,512 117,511 152,512 156,508 162,505 169,505 174,506 178,509 179,512 236,514 136,479 208,493 270,512 328,513 336,525 339,528 339,536 331,539 328,535 329,530 334,526 342,521 345,519 350,512 397,514 402,498 414,515 425,515 435,531 440,513 475,513 475,518 477,520 479,521 481,522 483,521 484,518 486,516 486,514 491,512 494,514 496,520 496,529 493,535 494,539 497,543 501,543 504,543 507,540 508,537 507,526 505,518 502,510 501,508 501,503 503,501 506,500 510,500 512,503 513,507 511,513 543,516 552,513 552,501 550,496 549,490 552,486 562,487 564,468 559,465 557,462 556,457 558,453 562,450 570,451 573,446 579,433"/>
</surface>

<path>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="443" lry="272">
 <graphic url="facs-fig3.jpg"/>
 <path points="74,73 171,244"/>
 <path points="71,203 173,116"/>
</surface>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<addSpan>

<addSpan> (added span of text) marks the beginning of a longer sequence of text added by an author, scribe, annotator or corrector (see also add). [12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.global.edit

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

Both the beginning and the end of the added material must be marked; the beginning by the addSpan element itself, the end by the spanTo attribute.

Example

<handNote xml:id="HEOL"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added_gathering" hand="#HEOL"
  spanTo="#P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:addSpan">
<sch:assert test="@spanTo">The @spanTo attribute of <sch:name/> is required.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:addSpan">
<sch:assert test="@spanTo">L'attribut spanTo est requis.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element addSpan
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <addSpan> (added span of text)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <addSpan> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <addSpan> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<handNote xml:id="heol"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added gathering" hand="#heol"
  spanTo="#p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<delSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L3"/>
<metamark function="flag" target="#zone-1"
 change="#L2">lege</metamark>
<zone xml:id="zone-1" change="#L1">Ock en schullen de bruwere des hilgen dages
nicht over setten noch uppe den stillen fridach bruwen.</zone>
<addSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L2"/>
<zone>Noch nymande over setten, se en sehin denne erst, dat uppe den bonen neyn
stro noch, huw noch flaß ligghe, by pine eyner halven roden, deme bruwere so
wol alse dem bruwheren to murende.</zone>
<anchor xml:id="endDel"/>

<addSpan>

<handNote xml:id="HEOL"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added_gathering" hand="#HEOL"
  spanTo="#P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<damage>

<damage> (damage) contains an area of damage to the text witness. [12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.damaged

@agent

@degree

@group

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.written

@hand

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.linePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Since damage to text witnesses frequently makes them harder to read, the damage element will often contain an unclear element. If the damaged area is not continuous (e.g. a stain affecting several strings of text), the group attribute may be used to group together several related damage elements; alternatively the join element may be used to indicate which damage and unclear elements are part of the same physical phenomenon.

The damage, gap, del, unclear and supplied elements may be closely allied in use. See section 12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination for discussion of which element is appropriate for which circumstance.

Example

<l>The Moving Finger wri<damage agent="water" group="1">es; and</damage> having writ,</l>
<l>Moves <damage agent="water" group="1">
  <supplied>on: nor all your</supplied>
 </damage> Piety nor Wit</l>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element damage
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.damaged.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <damage> (damage)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <damage> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <damage> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

um aldr
d<damage>aga</damage> yndisniota

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

<l> The Moving Finger wri<damage agent="water" group="1">es; and</damage> having writ,</l>
<l>Moves <damage agent="water" group="1">on: nor all your</damage> Piety nor
Wit</l>
<l>
 <damageSpan agent="water" group="1"
  spanTo="#washOut"/>Shall lure it back to
cancel half a Line,
</l>
<l>Nor all your Tears wash <anchor xml:id="washOut"/> out a Word of it</l>

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

um aldr d<damage agent="rubbing">
 <unclear>aga</unclear>
</damage> yndisniota

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

um aldr d<damage agent="rubbing">
 <supplied source="#msm">aga</supplied>
</damage>
yndisniota

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

<damage agent="smoke">
 <unclear>and the proof of this is</unclear>
 <gap/>
 <unclear>margin</unclear>
</damage>

<damage>

<l>The Moving Finger wri<damage agent="water" group="1">es; and</damage> having writ,</l>
<l>Moves <damage agent="water" group="1">
  <supplied>on: nor all your</supplied>
 </damage> Piety nor Wit</l>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<damageSpan>

<damageSpan> (damaged span of text) marks the beginning of a longer sequence of text which is damaged in some way but still legible. [12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.damaged

@agent

@degree

@group

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.written

@hand

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.global.edit

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

Both the beginning and ending of the damaged sequence must be marked: the beginning by the damageSpan element, the ending by the target of the spanTo attribute: if no other element available, the anchor element may be used for this purpose.

The damaged text must be at least partially legible, in order for the encoder to be able to transcribe it. If it is not legible at all, the damageSpan element should not be used. Rather, the gap or unclear element should be employed, with the value of the reason attribute giving the cause. See further sections 12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text and 12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination.

Example

<p>Paragraph partially damaged. This is the undamaged
portion <damageSpan spanTo="#a34"/>and this the damaged
portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>This paragraph is entirely damaged.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially damaged; in the middle of this
paragraph the damage ends and the anchor point marks
the start of the <anchor xml:id="a34"/> undamaged part of the text. ...</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:damageSpan">
<sch:assert test="@spanTo">The @spanTo attribute of <sch:name/> is required.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:damageSpan">
<sch:assert test="@spanTo">L'attribut spanTo est requis.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element damageSpan
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.damaged.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <damageSpan> (damaged span of text)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <damageSpan> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <damageSpan> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <pb n="5r"/>
 <damageSpan agent="rubbing"
  extent="whole leaf" spanTo="#damageEnd"/>
</p>
<p> [...] </p>
<p> [...] <pb n="5v" xml:id="damageEnd"/>
</p>

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

<l> The Moving Finger wri<damage agent="water" group="1">es; and</damage> having writ,</l>
<l>Moves <damage agent="water" group="1">on: nor all your</damage> Piety nor
Wit</l>
<l>
 <damageSpan agent="water" group="1"
  spanTo="#washOut"/>Shall lure it back to
cancel half a Line,
</l>
<l>Nor all your Tears wash <anchor xml:id="washOut"/> out a Word of it</l>

<damageSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially damaged. This is the undamaged
portion <damageSpan spanTo="#a34"/>and this the damaged
portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>This paragraph is entirely damaged.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially damaged; in the middle of this
paragraph the damage ends and the anchor point marks
the start of the <anchor xml:id="a34"/> undamaged part of the text. ...</p>

<damageSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially damaged. This is the undamaged portion <damageSpan spanTo="#fr_a34"/>and
this the damaged portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>This paragraph is entirely damaged.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially damaged; in the middle of this paragraph the damage ends and the
anchor point marks the start of the <anchor xml:id="fr_a34"/> undamaged part of the text.
...</p>

<damageSpan>

<p>此段部份毀損。這裡是完好的部份，<damageSpan spanTo="#zh-tw_a34"/>而此為毀損的部份。</p>
<p>此段全部毀損。</p>
<p>段落有部份毀損，損壞處止於段落的中間，以屬性anchor標示<anchor xml:id="zh-tw_a34"/>未損內文的重新出現處。</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<delSpan>

<delSpan> (deleted span of text) marks the beginning of a longer sequence of text deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise signaled as superfluous or spurious by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector. [12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.global.edit

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

Both the beginning and ending of the deleted sequence must be marked: the beginning by the delSpan element, the ending by the target of the spanTo attribute.

The text deleted must be at least partially legible, in order for the encoder to be able to transcribe it. If it is not legible at all, the delSpan tag should not be used. Rather, the gap tag should be employed to signal that text cannot be transcribed, with the value of the reason attribute giving the cause for the omission from the transcription as deletion. If it is not fully legible, the unclear element should be used to signal the areas of text which cannot be read with confidence. See further sections 12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription and, for the close association of the delSpan tag with the gap, damage, unclear and supplied elements, 12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination.

The delSpan tag should not be used for deletions made by editors or encoders. In these cases, either the corr tag or the gap tag should be used.

Example

<p>Paragraph partially deleted. This is the undeleted
portion <delSpan spanTo="#a23"/>and this the deleted
portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph deleted together with adjacent material.</p>
<p>Second fully deleted paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially deleted; in the middle of this
paragraph the deletion ends and the anchor point marks
the resumption <anchor xml:id="a23"/> of the text. ...</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:delSpan">
<sch:assert test="@spanTo">The @spanTo attribute of <sch:name/> is required.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:delSpan">
<sch:assert test="@spanTo">L'attribut spanTo est requis.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element delSpan
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <delSpan> (deleted span of text)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <delSpan> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <delSpan> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<l>Flowed up the hill and down King William Street,</l>
<delSpan spanTo="#EPdelEnd" resp="#EP"
 rend="strikethrough"/>
<l>To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the time,</l>
<l>With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine.</l>
<anchor xml:id="EPdelEnd"/>
<l>There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying "Stetson!</l>...

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend01"/> Tis moonlight
<del>upon</del>
 <add>over</add> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend01"/>
</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend02"/> Tis moonlight
<subst>
  <del>upon</del>
  <add>over</add>
 </subst> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend02"/>
</l>

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<delSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L3"/>
<metamark function="flag" target="#zone-1"
 change="#L2">lege</metamark>
<zone xml:id="zone-1" change="#L1">Ock en schullen de bruwere des hilgen dages
nicht over setten noch uppe den stillen fridach bruwen.</zone>
<addSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L2"/>
<zone>Noch nymande over setten, se en sehin denne erst, dat uppe den bonen neyn
stro noch, huw noch flaß ligghe, by pine eyner halven roden, deme bruwere so
wol alse dem bruwheren to murende.</zone>
<anchor xml:id="endDel"/>

<delSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially deleted. This is the undeleted
portion <delSpan spanTo="#a23"/>and this the deleted
portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph deleted together with adjacent material.</p>
<p>Second fully deleted paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially deleted; in the middle of this
paragraph the deletion ends and the anchor point marks
the resumption <anchor xml:id="a23"/> of the text. ...</p>

<delSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially deleted. This is the undeleted portion <delSpan spanTo="#fr_a23"/>and
this the deleted portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph deleted together with adjacent material.</p>
<p>Second fully deleted paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially deleted; in the middle of this paragraph the deletion ends and the
anchor point marks the resumption <anchor xml:id="fr_a23"/> of the text. ...</p>

<delSpan>

<p>此段部份刪除。這裡是保留的， <delSpan spanTo="#zh-tw_a23"/>而此為刪除的部份。</p>
<p>此段落以及與它相關的資料一同被刪除。</p>
<p>第二個完全刪除的段落。</p>
<p>段落有部份被刪除，刪去處止於段落的中間，以屬性anchor標示 <anchor xml:id="zh-tw_a23"/>內文重新出現的位置。</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<ex>

<ex> (editorial expansion) contains a sequence of letters added by an editor or transcriber when expanding an abbreviation. [12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

Member of

model.choicePart model.pPart.editorial

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

gaiji: g

character data

Example

The address is Southmoor <choice>
 <expan>R<ex>oa</ex>d</expan>
 <abbr>Rd</abbr>
</choice>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element ex
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   macro.xtext
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <ex> (editorial expansion)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <ex> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <ex> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<lg>
 <l>Amıgas sey eu be<ex>n</ex> dunha molher</l>
 <l>Que se trabalha de uosco buscar</l>
 <l>Mal a uossamigo polo matar</l>
 <l>Mays todaquestamiga ela q<ex>ue</ex>r</l>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l>Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
 <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>E buscalhi co<ex>n</ex> uosco q<ex>ua</ex>nto mal</l>
 <l>Ela mays pode aq<ex>ue</ex>sto sei eu</l>
 <l>E todaq<ex>ue</ex>stela faz polo seu</l>
 <l>E p<ex>or</ex>este p<unclear>ẏ</unclear>te non por al</l>
 <lb/>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l rend="nobreak" part="I">Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca</l>
 <ellipsis>
  <metamark rend="nobreak"
   function="ellipsis">·:—</metamark>
  <supplied>
   <l rend="nobreak" part="F">co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
   <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
  </supplied>
 </ellipsis>
</lg>

<expan>

<choice xml:lang="la">
 <abbr>Imp</abbr>
 <expan>Imp<ex>erator</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

11.6.3. Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

<msItem defective="true">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title type="uniform">Ágrip af Noregs konunga sǫgum</title>
 <incipit defective="true">
  <lb/>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> seti ho<gap reason="illegible" quantity="7"
   unit="mm"/>
  <lb/>sc heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit defective="true">h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex> þa buit hesta .ij.
 <lb/>annan viþ fé en h<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> annan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
</msItem>

11.6.5. Text Classification

<msContents>
 <msItem n="1" defective="false"
  class="#law">
  <locus from="1v" to="71v">1v-71v</locus>
  <title type="uniform">Jónsbók</title>
  <incipit>Magnus m<ex>ed</ex> guds miskun Noregs k<ex>onungu</ex>r</incipit>
  <explicit>en<ex>n</ex> u<ex>ir</ex>da þo t<ex>il</ex> fullra aura</explicit>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msItem class="#saga">
 <locus>ff. 1r-24v</locus>
 <title>Agrip af Noregs konunga sögum</title>
 <incipit>regi oc h<ex>ann</ex> setiho
 <gap reason="illegible" extent="7"/>sc
   heim se<ex>m</ex> þio</incipit>
 <explicit>h<ex>on</ex> hev<ex>er</ex>
  <ex>oc</ex>þa buit hesta .ij. aNan viþ
   fé enh<ex>on</ex>o<ex>m</ex> aNan til
   reiþ<ex>ar</ex>
 </explicit>
 <textLang mainLang="non">Old Norse/Icelandic</textLang>
</msItem>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<rubric>

<rubric>Nu koma Skyckiu Rym<ex>ur</ex>.</rubric>
<rubric>Incipit liber de consciencia humana a beatissimo Bernardo editus.</rubric>
<rubric>
 <locus>16. f. 28v in margin: </locus>Dicta Cassiodori
</rubric>

<rubric>

<rubric>Nu koma Skyckiu Rym<ex>ur</ex>.</rubric>
<rubric>Incipit liber de consciencia humana a beatissimo Bernardo editus.</rubric>
<rubric>
 <locus>16. f. 28v in margin: </locus>Dicta Cassiodori
</rubric>

11.7.2.4. Additions and Marginalia

<additions>
 <p>Spaces for initials and chapter headings were left by the scribe but not
   filled in. A later, probably fifteenth-century, hand has added initials and
   chapter headings in greenish-coloured ink on fols <locus>8r</locus>,
 <locus>8v</locus>, <locus>9r</locus>, <locus>10r</locus> and <locus>11r</locus>.
   Although a few of these chapter headings are now rather difficult to read, most
   can be made out, e.g. fol. <locus>8rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">floti ast<ex>ri</ex>d<ex>ar</ex>
  </quote>; fol.
 <locus>9rb</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">v<ex>m</ex> olaf conung</quote>, and fol.
 <locus>10ra</locus>
  <quote xml:lang="is">Gipti<ex>n</ex>g ol<ex>a</ex>fs
     k<ex>onun</ex>gs</quote>.</p>
 <p>The manuscript contains the following marginalia: <list>
   <item>Fol. <locus>4v</locus>, left margin: <quote xml:lang="is">hialmadr
    <ex>ok</ex>
     <lb/>brynjadr</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, imitating an addition made
       to the text by the scribe at this point.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>5r</locus>, lower margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þ<ex>e</ex>tta
         þiki m<ex>er</ex> v<ex>er</ex>a gott blek en<ex>n</ex>da kan<ex>n</ex> ek icki
         betr sia</quote>, in a fifteenth-century hand, probably the same as that on the
       previous page.</item>
   <item>Fol. <locus>9v</locus>, bottom margin: <quote xml:lang="is">þessa bok
         uilda eg <sic>gæt</sic> lært med
    <lb/>an Gud gefe myer Gott ad
    <lb/>læra</quote>; seventeenth-century hand.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
 <p>There are in addition a number of illegible scribbles in a later hand (or
   hands) on fols <locus>2r</locus>, <locus>3r</locus>, <locus>5v</locus> and
 <locus>19r</locus>.</p>
</additions>

11.7.3.3. Accompanying Material

<accMat>
 <p>A slip in Árni Magnússon's hand has been stuck to the pastedown on the inside
   front cover; the text reads: <quote xml:lang="is">Þidreks Søgu þessa hefi eg
     feiged af Sekreterer Wielandt Anno 1715 i Kaupmanna høfn. Hun er, sem eg sie,
     Copia af Austfirda bókinni (Eidagás) en<ex>n</ex> ecki progenies Brædratungu
     bokarinnar. Og er þar fyrer eigi i allan<ex>n</ex> máta samhlioda
     þ<ex>eir</ex>re er Sr Jon Erlendz son hefer ritad fyrer Mag. Bryniolf. Þesse
     Þidreks Saga mun vera komin fra Sr Vigfuse á Helgafelle.</quote>
 </p>
</accMat>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<expan>eu<ex>er</ex>y</expan>
<expan>
 <ex>per</ex>sone
</expan> ...

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

eu<choice>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>
 <ex>er</ex>
</choice>y <choice>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>
 <ex>per</ex>
</choice>sone ...

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

For alle the while
that I had good<ex xml:id="exp01">e</ex> I was welbeloued

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

For alle the while that I
had good<ex resp="#mp" cert="high">e</ex> I was welbeloued

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

For alle the while that I had
<choice>
 <sic>goo<abbr>ɗ</abbr>
 </sic>
 <expan resp="#mp" cert="high">good<ex>e</ex>
 </expan>
</choice> I was
welbeloued

<ex>

The address is Southmoor <choice>
 <expan>R<ex>oa</ex>d</expan>
 <abbr>Rd</abbr>
</choice>

<ex>

Il habite au 15 <choice>
 <expan>b<ex>oulevard</ex>d</expan>
 <abbr>bd</abbr>
</choice>Clemenceau.

<ex>

這裡是<choice>
 <expan>清<ex>華</ex>大<ex>學</ex>
 </expan>
 <abbr>清大</abbr>
</choice>

<am>

<choice>
 <abbr>Aug<am>g</am>
 </abbr>
 <expan>Aug<ex>ustorum duo</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfectio<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfecti<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="f105" source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="r105" source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>
<!-- ... <note> appearing elsewhere in the document ... -->
<note target="#r105 #f105">Furnivall's expansion implies that the bar
is an abbreviation for 'u'. There are no certain instances of
this mark as an abbreviation for 'u' in these manuscripts and it is
widely used as an abbreviation for 'n'. Ruggiers' expansion is to
be accepted.</note>

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C Elements

<fw>

<fw> (forme work) contains a running head (e.g. a header, footer), catchword, or similar material appearing on the current page. [12.6. Headers, Footers, and Similar Matter]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.placement

@place

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

type type⚓︎
classifies the material encoded according to some useful typology.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

header

a running title at the top of the page

footer

a running title at the bottom of the page

pageNum

(page number) a page number or foliation symbol

lineNum

(line number) a line number, either of prose or poetry

sig

(signature) a signature or gathering symbol

catch

(catchword) a catch-word

Member of

model.milestoneLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list listBibl measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc subst supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Where running heads are consistent throughout a chapter or section, it is usually more convenient to relate them to the chapter or section, e.g. by use of the rend attribute. The fw element is intended for cases where the running head changes from page to page, or where details of page layout and the internal structure of the running heads are of paramount importance.

Example

<fw type="sig" place="bottom">C3</fw>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fw
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

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Example: <fw> (forme work)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fw> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fw> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<facsimile>
 <surface start="#PB49R">
  <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
 </surface>
</facsimile>
<text>
 <body>
  <div>
<!-- ... -->
   <pb xml:id="PB49R"/>
   <fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<!-- ... -->
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

12.6. Headers, Footers, and Similar Matter

<fw type="head" place="top-centre">Poëms.</fw>
<fw type="pageNum" place="top-right">29</fw>
<fw type="sig" place="bot-centre">E3</fw>
<fw type="catch" place="bot-right">TEMPLE</fw>

<fw>

<fw type="sig" place="bottom">C3</fw>

<fw>

<fw type="sig" place="bot">C3</fw>

<fw>

<fw type="sig" place="bot">徐閱</fw>

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C Elements

<handNotes>

<handNotes> contains one or more handNote elements documenting the different hands identified within the source texts. [12.3.2.1. Document Hands]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.profileDescPart

Contained by

header: profileDesc

May contain

header: handNote

Example

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="H1" script="copperplate"
  medium="brown-ink">Carefully written with regular descenders</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="H2" script="print"
  medium="pencil">Unschooled scrawl</handNote>
</handNotes>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="handNote" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element handNotes
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   handNote+
}

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Example: <handNotes>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <handNotes> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <handNotes> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

12. Representation of Primary Sources

2. The TEI Header

<handNote>

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.major_hand"
  scope="major" medium="brown_ink" scribe="author"
  scribeRef="#KL">Handwriting of the copyist Karol Libelt, brown ink, in German cursive script.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.pencil"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="annotator">A note, pencil, unknown author.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.pencil2"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="archivist">Writer of the title page Józef Łepkowski, pencil.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yien.pencil3"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="archivist2"
  scribeRef="#BJK">Note on the title page, pencil, by Józef Korzeniowski.</handNote>
</handNotes>

<handNote>

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="yide.major_hand"
  scope="major" medium="brown_ink" scribe="author"
  scribeRef="#KL">Hand des Nachschreibers Karol Libelt, braune Tinte, vorwiegend in Kurrentschrift.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yide.pencil"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="annotator">Eine Anmerkung, Bleistift, unbekannter Verfasser.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yide.pencil2"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="archivist">Schreiber des Titelblattes Józef Łepkowski, Bleistift.</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="yide.pencil3"
  scope="minor" medium="pencil" scribe="archivist2"
  scribeRef="#BJK">Anmerkung auf dem Titelblatt, Bleistift, von Józef Korzeniowski.</handNote>
</handNotes>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.2.1. Document Hands

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="h1" script="copperplate"
  medium="brown-ink">Carefully written
   with regular descenders</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="h2" script="print"
  medium="pencil">Unschooled
   scrawl</handNote>
</handNotes>

<handNotes>

<handNotes>
 <handNote xml:id="H1" script="copperplate"
  medium="brown-ink">Carefully written with regular descenders</handNote>
 <handNote xml:id="H2" script="print"
  medium="pencil">Unschooled scrawl</handNote>
</handNotes>

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<handShift>

<handShift> (handwriting shift) marks the beginning of a sequence of text written in a new hand, or the beginning of a scribal stint. [12.3.2.1. Document Hands]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.handFeatures

@scribe

@scribeRef

@script

@scriptRef

@medium

att.scope

@scope

new new⚓︎
indicates a handNote element describing the hand concerned.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

This attribute serves the same function as the hand attribute provided for those elements which are members of the att.transcriptional class. It may be renamed at a subsequent major release.

Member of

model.linePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

The handShift element may be used either to denote a shift in the document hand (as from one scribe to another, on one writing style to another). Or, it may indicate a shift within a document hand, as a change of writing style, character or ink. Like other milestone elements, it should appear at the point of transition from some other state to the state which it describes.

Example

<l>When wolde the cat dwelle in his ynne</l>
<handShift medium="greenish-ink"/>
<l>And if the cattes skynne be slyk <handShift medium="black-ink"/> and gaye</l>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element handShift
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.handFeatures.attributes,
   att.scope.attributes,
   attribute new { teidata.pointer }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <handShift> (handwriting shift)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <handShift> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <handShift> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.2.1. Document Hands

<l>When wolde the cat dwelle in his ynne</l>
<handShift medium="greenish-ink"/>
<l>And if the cattes skynne be slyk <handShift medium="black-ink"/> and
gaye</l>

12.3.2.1. Document Hands

<handShift new="#h1" resp="#das"/>... and that good Order Decency and regular worship may be once
more introduced and Established in this Parish according to the Rules and
Ceremonies of the Church of England and as under a good Consciencious and sober
Curate there would and ought to be <handShift new="#h2" resp="#das"/> and for that
purpose the parishioners pray

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<handShift>

<l>When wolde the cat dwelle in his ynne</l>
<handShift medium="greenish-ink"/>
<l>And if the cattes skynne be slyk <handShift medium="black-ink"/> and gaye</l>

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<am>

<am> (abbreviation marker) contains a sequence of letters or signs present in an abbreviation which are omitted or replaced in the expanded form of the abbreviation. [12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.choicePart model.pPart.editorial

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: add corr del orig reg sic unclear

gaiji: g

transcr: damage handShift mod redo restore retrace secl supplied surplus undo

character data

Example

do you <abbr>Mr<am>.</am>
</abbr> Jones?

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<choice>
 <abbr>Aug<am>g</am>
 </abbr>
 <expan>Aug<ex>ustorum duo</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<abbr>eu<am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>sone

</abbr> ...

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.pPart.transcriptional"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element am
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.pPart.transcriptional )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <am> (abbreviation marker)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <am> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <am> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

11. Manuscript Description

11.6.1. The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

<msContents>
 <msItem defective="true">
  <locus from="1r" to="9v">1r-9v</locus>
  <title>Knýtlinga saga</title>
  <msItem n="1.1">
   <locus from="1r:1" to="2v:30">1r:1-2v:30</locus>
   <incipit defective="true">dan<ex>n</ex>a a engl<ex>an</ex>di</incipit>
   <explicit defective="true">en meðan <expan>haraldr</expan> hein hafði
       k<ex>onung</ex>r v<am>
     <g ref="http://www.example.com/abbrevs.xml#er"/>
    </am>it
       yf<ex>ir</ex> danmork</explicit>
  </msItem>
<!-- msItems 1.2 to 1.4 -->
 </msItem>
</msContents>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

<abbr>eu<am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>sone
</abbr> ...

12.3.1.2. Abbreviation and Expansion

eu<choice>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>
 <ex>er</ex>
</choice>y <choice>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>
 <ex>per</ex>
</choice>sone ...

<am>

do you <abbr>Mr<am>.</am>
</abbr> Jones?

<am>

<choice>
 <abbr>Aug<am>g</am>
 </abbr>
 <expan>Aug<ex>ustorum duo</ex>
 </expan>
</choice>

<am>

<abbr>eu<am>
  <g ref="#b-er"/>
 </am>y</abbr>
<abbr>
 <am>
  <g ref="#b-per"/>
 </am>sone

</abbr> ...

<am>

Le <abbr>Dr<am>.</am>
</abbr>
Pasquier se prit à marcher de long en large, les mains glissées dans la
ceinture de sa blouse.

13. Critical Apparatus

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfectio<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfecti<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="f105" source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="r105" source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>
<!-- ... <note> appearing elsewhere in the document ... -->
<note target="#r105 #f105">Furnivall's expansion implies that the bar
is an abbreviation for 'u'. There are no certain instances of
this mark as an abbreviation for 'u' in these manuscripts and it is
widely used as an abbreviation for 'n'. Ruggiers' expansion is to
be accepted.</note>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<ab style="text-align: center;">
 <lb/>SACRED
<lb/>to the memory of
<lb/>
 <abbr>M<hi rend="superscript">rs</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> ALICE HUTTON
<lb/>born at Che<g ref="#long-s">s</g>terfield in
<lb/>Great Britain,
<lb/>
 <abbr>Jan<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>25<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1722:
<lb/>and died in Carolina
<lb/>
 <abbr>Sept<hi rend="superscript">r</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>26<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1777.
<lb/>This <g ref="#long-s">s</g>tone
<lb/>is placed by her only Child
<lb/>ANN BOOTH POLLOK
</ab>

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<restore>

<restore> (restore) indicates restoration of text to an earlier state by cancellation of an editorial or authorial marking or instruction. [12.3.1.6. Cancellation of Deletions and Other Markings]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.linePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

On this element, the type attribute categorizes the way that the cancelled intervention has been indicated in some way, for example by means of a marginal note, over-inking, additional markup, etc.

Example

For I hate this
<restore hand="#dhl"
 type="marginalStetNote">
 <del>my</del>
</restore> body

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element restore
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <restore> (restore)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <restore> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <restore> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.6. Cancellation of Deletions and Other Markings

For I hate this <restore hand="#dhl"
 type="marginalStetNote">
 <del>my</del>
</restore> body

<restore>

For I hate this
<restore hand="#dhl"
 type="marginalStetNote">
 <del>my</del>
</restore> body

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<space>

<space> (space) indicates the location of a significant space in the text. [12.4.1. Space]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.typed

@type

@subtype

dim dim⚓︎
(dimension) indicates whether the space is horizontal or vertical.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

horizontal

the space is horizontal.

vertical

the space is vertical.

Note

For irregular shapes in two dimensions, the value for this attribute should reflect the more important of the two dimensions. In conventional left-right scripts, a space with both vertical and horizontal components should be classed as vertical.

resp resp⚓︎
(responsible party) indicates the individual responsible for identifying and measuring the space.

Status
Optional

Member of

model.global.edit

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: desc

Note

This element should be used wherever it is desired to record an unusual space in the source text, e.g. space left for a word to be filled in later, for later rubrication, etc. It is not intended to be used to mark normal inter-word space or the like.

Example

By god if wommen had writen storyes
As <space quantity="7" unit="minims"/> han within her oratoryes

Show all ⚓︎

Example

στρατηλάτ<space quantity="1" unit="chars"/>ου

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.certLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element space
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute dim { "horizontal" | "vertical" }?,
   attribute resp { text }?,
   ( model.descLike | model.certLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <space> (space)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <space> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <space> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.4.1. Space

By
god if wommen had writen storyes As <space quantity="7" unit="chars"/> han within her
oratoryes

<space>

By god if wommen had writen storyes
As <space quantity="7" unit="minims"/> han within her oratoryes

<space>

στρατηλάτ<space quantity="1" unit="chars"/>ου

<space>

Lettre à lettre,
un texte se forme, s'affirme, s'affermit, se fixe, se fige : une ligne assez strictement
horizontale se dépose sur la <space quantity="3" unit="lignes"/>feuille blanche.

<space>

夕陽西下<space quantity="1" unit="minims"/>斷腸人在天涯

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<subst>

<subst> (substitution) groups one or more deletions (or surplus text) with one or more additions when the combination is to be regarded as a single intervention in the text. [12.3.1.5. Substitutions]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.pPart.editorial

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: add cb del gb lb milestone pb

linking: anchor

transcr: fw surplus

Example

... are all included. <del hand="#RG">It is</del>
<subst>
 <add>T</add>
 <del>t</del>
</subst>he expressed

Show all ⚓︎

Example

that he and his Sister Miſs D — <lb/>who always lived with him, wd. be <subst>
 <del>very</del>
 <lb/>
 <add>principally</add>
</subst> remembered in her Will.

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<ab>τ<subst>
  <add place="above">ῶν</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
συνκυρόντ<subst>
  <add place="above">ων</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
ἐργαστηρί<subst>
  <add place="above">ων</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
</ab>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<subst>
 <del>
  <gap reason="illegible" quantity="5"
   unit="character"/>
 </del>
 <add>apple</add>
</subst>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:subst">
<sch:assert test="child::tei:add and (child::tei:del or child::tei:surplus)">
 <sch:name/> must have at least one child add and at least one child del or surplus</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="add"/>
  <elementRef key="surplus"/>
  <elementRef key="del"/>
  <classRef key="model.milestoneLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element subst
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   ( add | surplus | del | model.milestoneLike )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <subst> (substitution)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <subst> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <subst> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

... are all included. <del hand="#RG">It is</del>
<subst>
 <add>T</add>
 <del>t</del>
</subst>he expressed

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend02"/> Tis moonlight
<subst>
  <del>upon</del>
  <add>over</add>
 </subst> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend02"/>
</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

One must have lived longer
with <subst>
 <del seq="1">this</del>
 <del seq="2">
  <add seq="1">such a</add>
 </del>
 <add seq="2">a</add>
</subst> system, to appreciate its advantages.

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

<l>And towards our distant rest began to trudge,</l>
<l>
 <subst>
  <del>Helping the worst amongst us</del>
  <add>Dragging the worst amongt
     us</add>
 </subst>, who'd no boots
</l>
<l>But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; <subst>
  <del status="shortEnd">half-</del>
  <add>all</add>
 </subst> blind;</l>
<l>Drunk with fatigue ; deaf even to the hoots</l>
<l>Of tired, outstripped <del>fif</del> five-nines that dropped
behind.</l>

12.3.3.2. Use of the <gap>, <del>, <damage>, <unclear>, and <supplied> Elements in Combination

sum<subst>
 <del>
  <gap extent="2 characters"/>
 </del>
 <add place="inline">mo</add>
</subst>ns

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<subst>

... are all included. <del hand="#RG">It is</del>
<subst>
 <add>T</add>
 <del>t</del>
</subst>he expressed

<subst>

that he and his Sister Miſs D — <lb/>who always lived with him, wd. be <subst>
 <del>very</del>
 <lb/>
 <add>principally</add>
</subst> remembered in her Will.

<subst>

<ab>τ<subst>
  <add place="above">ῶν</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
συνκυρόντ<subst>
  <add place="above">ων</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
ἐργαστηρί<subst>
  <add place="above">ων</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
</ab>

<subst>

<subst>
 <del>
  <gap reason="illegible" quantity="5"
   unit="character"/>
 </del>
 <add>apple</add>
</subst>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<substJoin>

<substJoin> (substitution join) identifies a series of possibly fragmented additions, deletions, or other revisions on a manuscript that combine to make up a single intervention in the text. [12.3.1.5. Substitutions]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: desc

Example

While <del xml:id="r112">pondering</del> thus <add xml:id="r113">she mus'd</add>, her pinions fann'd
<substJoin target="#r112 #r113"/>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.certLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element substJoin
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   ( model.descLike | model.certLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <substJoin> (substitution join)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <substJoin> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <substJoin> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

While <del xml:id="change1">pondering</del> thus <add xml:id="change2">she mus'd</add>, her pinions
fann'd
<substJoin target="#change1 #change2"/>

<substJoin>

While <del xml:id="r112">pondering</del> thus <add xml:id="r113">she mus'd</add>, her pinions fann'd
<substJoin target="#r112 #r113"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<supplied>

<supplied> (supplied) signifies text supplied by the transcriber or editor for any reason; for example because the original cannot be read due to physical damage, or because of an obvious omission by the author or scribe. [12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

reason reason⚓︎
one or more words indicating why the text has had to be supplied, e.g. overbinding, faded-ink, lost-folio, omitted-in-original.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Member of

model.choicePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del distinct editor ellipsis email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The damage, gap, del, unclear and supplied elements may be closely allied in use. See section 12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination for discussion of which element is appropriate for which circumstance.

Example

I am dr Sr yr
<supplied reason="illegible"
 source="#amanuensis_copy">very humble Servt</supplied>
Sydney Smith

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<supplied reason="omitted-in-original">Dedication</supplied> to the duke of Bejar

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element supplied
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   attribute reason { list { teidata.enumerated+ } }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <supplied> (supplied)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <supplied> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <supplied> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<table rows="3" cols="2">
 <head>Tent supplies</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>nylon tent</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>steel stakes</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>6</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>fiberglass poles</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <ellipsis>
    <metamark function="ellipsis">"</metamark>
    <supplied>
     <num>6</num>
    </supplied>
   </ellipsis>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<lg>
 <l>Amıgas sey eu be<ex>n</ex> dunha molher</l>
 <l>Que se trabalha de uosco buscar</l>
 <l>Mal a uossamigo polo matar</l>
 <l>Mays todaquestamiga ela q<ex>ue</ex>r</l>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l>Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
 <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>E buscalhi co<ex>n</ex> uosco q<ex>ua</ex>nto mal</l>
 <l>Ela mays pode aq<ex>ue</ex>sto sei eu</l>
 <l>E todaq<ex>ue</ex>stela faz polo seu</l>
 <l>E p<ex>or</ex>este p<unclear>ẏ</unclear>te non por al</l>
 <lb/>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l rend="nobreak" part="I">Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca</l>
 <ellipsis>
  <metamark rend="nobreak"
   function="ellipsis">·:—</metamark>
  <supplied>
   <l rend="nobreak" part="F">co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
   <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
  </supplied>
 </ellipsis>
</lg>

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>You think you’ve lost your love </l>
 <l>Well, I saw her yesterday </l>
 <l>It’s you she's thinking of </l>
 <l>And she told me what to say</l>
</lg>
<lg xml:id="chorus">
 <label>[Refrain]</label>
 <l>She says she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know that can’t be bad </l>
 <l>Yes, she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know you should be glad</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>She said you hurt her so </l>
 <l>She almost lost her mind </l>
 <l>But now she said she knows </l>
 <l>You’re not the hurting kind</l>
</lg>
<ellipsis>
 <metamark>******</metamark>
 <supplied copyOf="#chorus"/>
</ellipsis>

<head>

<div type="subsection">
 <head place="margin">Secunda conclusio</head>
 <p>
  <lb n="1251"/>
  <hi rend="large">Potencia: habitus: et actus: recipiunt speciem ab obiectis<supplied>.</supplied>
  </hi>
  <lb n="1252"/>Probatur sic. Omne importans necessariam habitudinem ad proprium
   [...]
 </p>
</div>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001a.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001a.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001a.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001a.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_FEMALE-PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A03" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NN">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="die" pos="ART">den</w>
 <w lemma="Wunsch" pos="NN">wunsch</w>
 <w lemma="zu" pos="PTKZU">zu</w>
 <w lemma="erfüllen" pos="VVINF">erfüllen</w>
<!-- ... -->
</post>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001p.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001p.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001p.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001p.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001p.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="pseudonymization"
    unit="token" quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="pseudonymization">Kornelia</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
<!-- the rest of the post -->
</post>

11. Manuscript Description

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus
   in apoka<lb/>lipsin eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i
   Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS
   QVA<ex>M</ex> EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S.
   DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO. FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct>

<msItemStruct n="2" defective="false"
 class="#biblComm">
 <locus from="24v" to="97v">24v-97v</locus>
 <author>Apringius de Beja</author>
 <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">Tractatus in Apocalypsin</title>
 <rubric>Incipit Trac<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>tus in apoka<lb/>lipsin
   eruditissimi uiri <lb/> Apringi ep<ex>iscop</ex>i Pacensis eccl<ex>esi</ex>e</rubric>
 <finalRubric>EXPLIC<ex>IT</ex> EXPO<lb/>SITIO APOCALIPSIS QVA<ex>M</ex>
   EXPOSVIT DOM<lb/>NVS APRINGIUS EP<ex>ISCOPU</ex>S. DEO GR<ex>ACI</ex>AS AGO.
   FI<lb/>NITO LABORE ISTO.</finalRubric>
 <bibl>
  <ref target="http://amiBibl.xml#Apringius1900">Apringius</ref>, ed. Férotin</bibl>
 <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
</msItemStruct>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

You see that I avoid
the word create for we create nothing <supplied>we</supplied> develope.

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

I am dr Sr yr
<supplied reason="illegible" resp="#msm"
 source="#Ry2">very humble
Servt</supplied> Sydney Smith

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

um aldr d<supplied reason="rubbing" resp="#finjon">aga</supplied>
yndisniota

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

um aldr d<damage agent="rubbing">
 <supplied source="#msm">aga</supplied>
</damage>
yndisniota

12.4.1. Space

By god if wommen had writen storyes As
<supplied reason="space" resp="#ETD"
 source="#Hg">preestes</supplied> han within
her oratoryes

<damage>

<l>The Moving Finger wri<damage agent="water" group="1">es; and</damage> having writ,</l>
<l>Moves <damage agent="water" group="1">
  <supplied>on: nor all your</supplied>
 </damage> Piety nor Wit</l>

<supplied>

I am dr Sr yr
<supplied reason="illegible"
 source="#amanuensis_copy">very humble Servt</supplied>
Sydney Smith

<supplied>

Je reste votre ts he de svt <supplied reason="illegible"
 source="#amanuensis_copy">très humble et très dévoué serviteur
</supplied>Jean Martin

<supplied>

回首向來蕭瑟處，歸<supplied reason="faded-ink"
 source="#amanuensis_copy">去，</supplied>
也無風雨也無晴。

<supplied>

<supplied reason="omitted-in-original">Dedication</supplied> to the duke of Bejar

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.4.2. xpath()

<div xml:lang="la" type="edition"
 xml:space="preserve"><ab> <lb n="1" xml:id="line1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied> non <choice><reg>habui</reg><orig>abui</orig></choice> quidquam vaco  <lb n="2"/>si<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>b<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>    cohort<unclear>e</unclear> mi rescribas  <lb n="3"/><unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in <choice><reg>mente</reg><orig>mentem</orig></choice>    <choice><reg>habe</reg><orig>abe</orig></choice> supra res  <lb n="4"/>scriptas<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"
 unit="character"/>  <lb n="5"/>auge et opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas</ab>
</div>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc01">
 <name>C. Colin Backslash</name>
 <resp>transcription</resp>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="prf01">
 <name>Erin Spelling</name>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<p>Θερινὴ τροπή
<lb/>
 <foreign xml:lang="hbo" xml:id="mp0a8"> ת
 <supplied reason="undefined">קו</supplied>
  <unclear>פ</unclear>
   ת תמוז
 </foreign>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere: -->
<respons target="#mp0a8" locus="name value"
 resp="#prf01"/>

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C Elements

<surplus>

<surplus> (surplus) marks text present in the source which the editor believes to be superfluous or redundant. [12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

reason reason⚓︎
one or more words indicating why this text is believed to be superfluous, e.g. repeated, interpolated etc.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

Member of

model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl subst supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

I am dr Sr yrs
<surplus reason="repeated">yrs</surplus>
Sydney Smith

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element surplus
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   attribute reason { list { teidata.word+ } }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <surplus> (surplus)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <surplus> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <surplus> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

dedika<surplus>ra</surplus>runt

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<l n="4">a darmi morte, poi m'avete preso <surplus reason="interpolated">a
   tradimento</surplus>
</l>
<l n="5">sì com' l'uccellator prende l'uccello</l>
<gap/>
<l n="43">e lettere dintorno che diriano <surplus reason="interpolated">in questa
   guisa</surplus>
</l>
<l n="44">Più v'amo, dëa, che non faccio Deo</l>

<surplus>

I am dr Sr yrs
<surplus reason="repeated">yrs</surplus>
Sydney Smith

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<secl>

<secl> (secluded text) Secluded. Marks text present in the source which the editor believes to be genuine but out of its original place (which is unknown). [12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

reason reason⚓︎
one or more words indicating why this text has been secluded, e.g. interpolated etc.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Member of

model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<rdg source="#Pescani">
 <secl>
  <l n="15" xml:id="l15">Alphesiboea suos ulta est pro coniuge fratres,</l>
  <l n="16" xml:id="l16">sanguinis et cari vincula rupit amor.</l>
 </secl>
</rdg>
<note>secl. Pescani</note>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element secl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   attribute reason { list { teidata.enumerated+ } }?,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <secl> (secluded text)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <secl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <secl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<sp>   <ab>     <lb n="545"/>Great praise and thanks be to Perfidy as she     <lb n="546"/>deserves, since by our swindles, tricks, and clever moves, relying      <lb n="547"/>on the daring of our shoulder blades and the excellence of our      <lb n="548"/>forearms who went against cattle-prods, hot iron-blades,      <lb n="549-550"/>crosses and shackles, neck-irons, chains, prisons, collars, fetters,      <lb n="551"/>and yokes, the fiercest painters fully acquainted with our backs      <lb n="552"/><secl>who have often before put scars on our shoulder blades</secl>     ...   </ab> </sp>            

<secl>

<rdg source="#Pescani">
 <secl>
  <l n="15" xml:id="l15">Alphesiboea suos ulta est pro coniuge fratres,</l>
  <l n="16" xml:id="l16">sanguinis et cari vincula rupit amor.</l>
 </secl>
</rdg>
<note>secl. Pescani</note>

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<line>

<line> contains the transcription of a topographic line in the source document. [12.2.2. Embedded Transcription]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.coordinated

@start

@ulx

@uly

@lrx

@lry

@points

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.linePart

Contained by

transcr: line surface zone

May contain

analysis: c interp interpGrp pc span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: add cb choice del ellipsis gap gb hi index lb milestone note noteGrp pb q unclear

figures: figure notatedMusic

gaiji: g

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damage damageSpan delSpan fw handShift line listTranspose metamark mod path redo restore retrace space substJoin undo zone

character data

Note

This element should be used only to mark up writing which is topographically organized as a series of lines, horizontal or vertical. It should not be used to mark lines of verse (for which use l) nor to mark line beginnings within text which has been encoded using structural elements such as p (for which use lb).

Example

This example shows topographical lines as a means of preserving the visual appearance of a poem:

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
</surface>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Hope you enjoyed</line>
  <line>Wales, as they
     said</line>
  <line>to Mrs FitzHerbert</line>
  <line>Mama</line>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <line>Printed in England</line>
 </zone>
</surface>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.linePart"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element line
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.coordinated.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   ( text | model.global | model.gLike | model.linePart )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <line>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <line> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <line> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

<sourceDoc>

<sourceDoc>
 <surfaceGrp n="leaf1">
  <surface facs="page1.png">
   <zone>All the writing on page 1</zone>
  </surface>
  <surface>
   <graphic url="page2-highRes.png"/>
   <graphic url="page2-lowRes.png"/>
   <zone>
    <line>A line of writing on page 2</line>
    <line>Another line of writing on page 2</line>
   </zone>
  </surface>
 </surfaceGrp>
</sourceDoc>

12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

<sourceDoc>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
  <zone ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="200" lry="300">
   <graphic url="Bovelles-49r.png"/>
  </zone>
<!-- ... -->
  <zone ulx="28" uly="75" lrx="175" lry="178">
   <line>LEs cloches ont quasi
       fi</line>
   <line>gures de rondes pyra</line>
   <line>mides imperfaictes &amp;
   </line>
   <line> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se</line>
   <line> fait par reigle geometrique. Com</line>
   <line>me si les deux cloches C
       &amp; D </line>
   <line> sont <zone ulx="45" uly="125" lrx="60"
     lry="130">pendans</zone> à ung mesme axe</line>
   <line> ou essieu A B: je dis que
       leur ac</line>
   <line>cord se fera en cõtraires parties</line>
   <line> cõme
       voyez icy figuré. Car quãd </line>
   <line> lune sera en hault, laultre
       declinera embas. Aultrement si elles declinent toutes deux ensembles en une
       mesme partie, elles seront discord,</line>
   <line> &amp; sera leur sonnerie
       mal plaisante à oyr.</line>
  </zone>
  <zone ulx="105" uly="76" lrx="175"
   lry="160">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>

12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>Spring has just set in here, and the weather[...] a steamer </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">2</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>"The shores on either side of the Sound are... The In- </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">3</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="50" lry="50">
 <zone ulx="1" uly="1" lrx="10" lry="10">
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone ulx="4" uly="4" lrx="20" lry="20">
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>Spring has just set in here, and the weather[...] a steamer </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">2</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="50" lry="50">
 <zone ulx="1" uly="1" lrx="10" lry="10">
  <line>Poem</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone ulx="4" uly="4" lrx="20" lry="20">
  <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="100"
   lry="100">
   <zone ulx="10" uly="10" lrx="90" lry="95"> Spring has just set in here, and the
       weather [...] a steamer </zone>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.3.4.1. Generic Modification

<line>words words words <mod rend="wavy-underlining"
  spanTo="#enduw"/>words with wavy
underline</line> <!-- more lines here -->
<line>wavy underlining finishes
here<anchor xml:id="enduw"/> more words</line>

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used" target="#X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

<line xml:id="ib3">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">2.)</metamark> thi da er du med Himmelen i Pagt; —
</line>
<line xml:id="ib4">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">1.)</metamark> da kan du
Folkets Jøkelhjerter tine;
</line>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib4"/>
  <ptr target="#ib3"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<line change="#firstStage">This is a <add change="#secondStage">house</add>
mouse.</line>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<line change="#firstStage">This is a <mod type="subst" change="#secondStage">
  <del>house</del>
  <add>mouse</add>
 </mod>.</line>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<line>

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
</surface>

<line>

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Hope you enjoyed</line>
  <line>Wales, as they
     said</line>
  <line>to Mrs FitzHerbert</line>
  <line>Mama</line>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <line>Printed in England</line>
 </zone>
</surface>

<metamark>

<line>
 <seg xml:id="tp-ib01">bör</seg>
 <metamark rend="underline"
  function="transposition" target="#tp-ib01" place="above">2.</metamark>
og <seg xml:id="tp-ib02">hör</seg>
 <metamark rend="underline"
  function="transposition" target="#tp-ib02" place="above">1.</metamark>
</line>

<metamark>

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="zone-X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used"
  target="#zone-X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

<redo>

<line>
 <redo hand="#g_t" target="#redo-1"
  cause="fix"/>
 <mod xml:id="redo-1" rend="strikethrough"
  spanTo="#anchor-1" hand="#g_bl"/>Ihr hagren, triſten, krummgezog<mod rend="strikethrough">nen</mod>ener Nacken
</line>
<line>Wenn ihr nur piepſet iſt die Welt ſchon matt.<anchor xml:id="anchor-1"/>
</line>

<retrace>

<line>... Sku<retrace cause="unclear">l</retrace>dren </line>

<undo>

<line>This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
  <seg xml:id="undo-a">just some</seg>
   sample <seg xml:id="undo-b">text</seg>,
   we need</del>
 <add change="#s2">not</add>
a real example.</line>
<undo target="#undo-a #undo-b"
 rend="dotted" change="#s3"/>

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C Elements

<listChange>

<listChange> groups a number of change descriptions associated with either the creation of a source text or the revision of an encoded text. [2.6. The Revision Description 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

ordered ordered⚓︎
indicates whether the ordering of its child change elements is to be considered significant or not.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Default
true

Member of

model.standOffPart

Contained by

header: creation listChange revisionDesc

linking: standOff

May contain

core: desc

header: change listChange

Note

When this element appears within the creation element it documents the set of revision campaigns or stages identified during the evolution of the original text. When it appears within the revisionDesc element, it documents only changes made during the evolution of the encoded representation of that text.

Example

<revisionDesc>
 <listChange>
  <change when="1991-11-11" who="#LB"> deleted chapter 10 </change>
  <change when="1991-11-02" who="#MSM"> completed first draft </change>
 </listChange>
</revisionDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="CHG-1">First stage, written in ink by a writer</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-2">Second stage, written in Goethe's hand using pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-3">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by
       Goethe using ink</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-4">Addition of another stanza in a different hand,
       probably at a later stage</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="listChange"/>
   <elementRef key="change"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listChange
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute ordered { teidata.truthValue }?,
   ( desc*, ( listChange | change )+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <listChange>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listChange> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listChange> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

12. Representation of Primary Sources

2. The TEI Header

<change>

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT1">First draft in pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT2"
    notBefore="1880-12-09">First revision, mostly
       using green ink</change>
   <change xml:id="DRAFT3"
    notBefore="1881-02-13">Final corrections as
       supplied to printer.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="ST-1">First stage, written in ink </change>
   <change xml:id="ST-2">Second stage, with revisions written in the author's hand
       using pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="ST-3">Fixation of the pencilled revisions together with further
       revisions in the author's hand using ink</change>
   <change xml:id="ST-4">Additions in a different hand, probably at a later
       stage</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange>
   <change xml:id="o">An unrelated change note</change>
   <listChange xml:id="m">
    <change xml:id="m1">Alterations on one manuscript page, certainly
         related</change>
    <change xml:id="m2">Alterations on another manuscript page, certainly
         related</change>
   </listChange>
   <change xml:id="p">Another unrelated change note</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<listChange ordered="true">
 <change xml:id="ST1">The first stage</change>
 <listChange ordered="false">
<!-- We have no information about the order of these changes, except that they both followed ST1 and preceded STX -->
  <change xml:id="ST-rev1">A revision of the first stage</change>
  <change xml:id="ST-rev2">Another revision of the first stage</change>
 </listChange>
 <change xml:id="STX">The last stage</change>
</listChange>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <date notAfter="1816-07-18"/>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="mod1" when="1816-07-16">The first draft of
   <title>Persuasion</title>, completed by the date <date>July 16 1816</date>
       which is written after the word <q>Finis</q> at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>.</change>
   <change xml:id="mod2"
    notBefore="1816-07-16">After the <date>16th of July</date>
       Austen starts revision of the two final chapters, by rewriting the end and
       adding a new zone (<ref target="#transp-1">pages 32-35</ref>) to be inserted at
   <ref target="#insertion-p1">page 19</ref>. This stage is documented by the
       deletion of the date (<date>July 16 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-30">page
         30</ref>, and the addition of more text and of a new date (<date>July 18.
         1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-31">page 31</ref>
   </change>
   <change notBefore="1816-07-18">Before publication, after <date>July 18th,
         1816</date> chapters 10-11 were broken into three chapters, 10, 11, 12, as
       witnessed by the print.</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<listChange>

<revisionDesc>
 <listChange>
  <change when="1991-11-11" who="#LB"> deleted chapter 10 </change>
  <change when="1991-11-02" who="#MSM"> completed first draft </change>
 </listChange>
</revisionDesc>

<listChange>

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change xml:id="CHG-1">First stage, written in ink by a writer</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-2">Second stage, written in Goethe's hand using pencil</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-3">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by
       Goethe using ink</change>
   <change xml:id="CHG-4">Addition of another stanza in a different hand,
       probably at a later stage</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>

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<listTranspose>

<listTranspose> supplies a list of transpositions, each of which is indicated at some point in a document typically by means of metamarks. [12.3.4.5. Transpositions]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.global.meta model.profileDescPart

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal profileDesc scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: desc

transcr: transpose

Example

<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib02"/>
  <ptr target="#ib01"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This example might be used for a source document which indicates in some way that the elements identified by ib02 and code ib01 should be read in that order (ib02 followed by ib01), rather than in the reading order in which they are presented in the source.

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="transpose" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listTranspose
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( desc*, transpose+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <listTranspose>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listTranspose> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listTranspose> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

<seg xml:id="ib01">bör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib01" place="above">2.</metamark> og
<seg xml:id="ib02">hör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib02" place="above">1.</metamark>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib02"/>
  <ptr target="#ib01"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

<line xml:id="ib3">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">2.)</metamark> thi da er du med Himmelen i Pagt; —
</line>
<line xml:id="ib4">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">1.)</metamark> da kan du
Folkets Jøkelhjerter tine;
</line>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib4"/>
  <ptr target="#ib3"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

<listTranspose>

<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib02"/>
  <ptr target="#ib01"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

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<metamark>

<metamark> contains or describes any kind of graphic or written signal within a document the function of which is to determine how it should be read rather than forming part of the actual content of the document. [12.3.4.2. Metamarks]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.placement

@place

att.spanning

@spanTo

function function⚓︎
describes the function (for example status, insertion, deletion, transposition) of the metamark.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.word

target target⚓︎
identifies one or more elements to which the metamark applies.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Member of

model.global

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor ellipsis email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="zone-X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used"
  target="#zone-X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element metamark
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   attribute function { teidata.word }?,
   attribute target { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <metamark>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <metamark> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <metamark> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

12. Representation of Primary Sources

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<table rows="3" cols="2">
 <head>Tent supplies</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>nylon tent</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>steel stakes</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>6</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>fiberglass poles</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <ellipsis>
    <metamark function="ellipsis">"</metamark>
    <supplied>
     <num>6</num>
    </supplied>
   </ellipsis>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<p>I leave Dublin to-morrow for M<ellipsis>
  <metamark>——</metamark>
 </ellipsis> house. It is situated in the county of <ellipsis>
  <metamark>——</metamark>
 </ellipsis>, on the north-west coast of <placeName>Connaught</placeName>, which I am told is the classic ground of <placeName>Ireland</placeName>.</p>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<lg>
 <l>Amıgas sey eu be<ex>n</ex> dunha molher</l>
 <l>Que se trabalha de uosco buscar</l>
 <l>Mal a uossamigo polo matar</l>
 <l>Mays todaquestamiga ela q<ex>ue</ex>r</l>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l>Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
 <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>E buscalhi co<ex>n</ex> uosco q<ex>ua</ex>nto mal</l>
 <l>Ela mays pode aq<ex>ue</ex>sto sei eu</l>
 <l>E todaq<ex>ue</ex>stela faz polo seu</l>
 <l>E p<ex>or</ex>este p<unclear>ẏ</unclear>te non por al</l>
 <lb/>
 <metamark function="signalChorus">꜒</metamark>
 <l rend="nobreak" part="I">Por q<ex>ue</ex> nu<ex>n</ex>ca</l>
 <ellipsis>
  <metamark rend="nobreak"
   function="ellipsis">·:—</metamark>
  <supplied>
   <l rend="nobreak" part="F">co<ex>n</ex> el pode poer</l>
   <l>Queo podesse por amigauer</l>
  </supplied>
 </ellipsis>
</lg>

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>What projects men make—what queer turns they take,</l>
 <l>Since <emph>steam</emph> has improved our condition;</l>
 <l>They never are still, but must cure or must kill</l>
 <l>With steam physic or steam ammunition.</l>
 <l>But a short time ago, to a quack you would go,</l>
 <l>To steam a fat man to a thinner;</l>
 <l>Now changed from all that, if you wish to get <emph>fat</emph>,</l>
 <l>Come to Barton’s and eat a <emph>steam dinner!</emph>
 </l>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>You may sleep, you may dream, you may travel by steam,</l>
 <l>For the outcry is still to go faster;</l>
 <l>And what does it reck, should you e’en break your neck,</l>
 <l>If ’tis <emph>steam</emph> that brings on the disaster?</l>
 <ellipsis resp="#ChambersEdnbrghJrnl1880">
  <metamark function="multilineEllipsis"> * * * * </metamark>
  <desc resp="#teiProjectEditor2021">The printer omits four lines here,
     skipping the second half of the second octave, before the refrain.</desc>
 </ellipsis>
 <l>Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem—</l>
 <l>I’m sure ’twill succeed if you make it by steam.</l>
</lg>

<ellipsis>

<lg>
 <l>You think you’ve lost your love </l>
 <l>Well, I saw her yesterday </l>
 <l>It’s you she's thinking of </l>
 <l>And she told me what to say</l>
</lg>
<lg xml:id="chorus">
 <label>[Refrain]</label>
 <l>She says she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know that can’t be bad </l>
 <l>Yes, she loves you </l>
 <l>And you know you should be glad</l>
</lg>
<lg>
 <l>She said you hurt her so </l>
 <l>She almost lost her mind </l>
 <l>But now she said she knows </l>
 <l>You’re not the hurting kind</l>
</lg>
<ellipsis>
 <metamark>******</metamark>
 <supplied copyOf="#chorus"/>
</ellipsis>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.2.2. Embedded Transcription

<surface>
 <zone>
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>Spring has just set in here, and the weather[...] a steamer </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">2</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
 <zone>
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>"The shores on either side of the Sound are... The In- </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">3</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.2.2.1. Advanced Uses of <surface> and <zone>

<surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="50" lry="50">
 <zone ulx="1" uly="1" lrx="10" lry="10">
  <line>Poem</line>
  <line>As in Visions of — at</line>
  <line>night —</line>
  <line>All sorts of fancies running through</line>
  <line>the head</line>
 </zone>
 <zone ulx="4" uly="4" lrx="20" lry="20">
  <surface type="newsprint"
   attachment="glue" flipping="false">
   <zone>Spring has just set in here, and the weather[...] a steamer </zone>
   <metamark function="sequence">2</metamark>
  </surface>
 </zone>
</surface>

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<delSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L3"/>
<metamark function="flag" target="#zone-1"
 change="#L2">lege</metamark>
<zone xml:id="zone-1" change="#L1">Ock en schullen de bruwere des hilgen dages
nicht over setten noch uppe den stillen fridach bruwen.</zone>
<addSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L2"/>
<zone>Noch nymande over setten, se en sehin denne erst, dat uppe den bonen neyn
stro noch, huw noch flaß ligghe, by pine eyner halven roden, deme bruwere so
wol alse dem bruwheren to murende.</zone>
<anchor xml:id="endDel"/>

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used" target="#X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

<seg xml:id="ib01">bör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib01" place="above">2.</metamark> og
<seg xml:id="ib02">hör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib02" place="above">1.</metamark>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib02"/>
  <ptr target="#ib01"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

<line xml:id="ib3">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">2.)</metamark> thi da er du med Himmelen i Pagt; —
</line>
<line xml:id="ib4">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">1.)</metamark> da kan du
Folkets Jøkelhjerter tine;
</line>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib4"/>
  <ptr target="#ib3"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

<metamark>

<line>
 <seg xml:id="tp-ib01">bör</seg>
 <metamark rend="underline"
  function="transposition" target="#tp-ib01" place="above">2.</metamark>
og <seg xml:id="tp-ib02">hör</seg>
 <metamark rend="underline"
  function="transposition" target="#tp-ib02" place="above">1.</metamark>
</line>

<metamark>

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="zone-X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used"
  target="#zone-X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

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<mod>

<mod> represents any kind of modification identified within a single document. [12.3.4.1. Generic Modification]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.linePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<mod type="subst">
 <add>pleasing</add>
 <del>agreable</del>
</mod>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element mod
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <mod>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <mod> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <mod> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.4.1. Generic Modification

<line>words words words <mod rend="wavy-underlining"
  spanTo="#enduw"/>words with wavy
underline</line> <!-- more lines here -->
<line>wavy underlining finishes
here<anchor xml:id="enduw"/> more words</line>

12.3.4.7. Instant Corrections

<del instant="true">T</del>
<mod type="subst">
 <del>The</del>
 <add place="above">
  <del rend="overstrike">His</del>
 </add>
</mod>
<mod type="subst">
 <del rend="overwritten">i</del>
 <add place="superimposed">I</add>
</mod>ron necklace

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<line change="#firstStage">This is a <mod type="subst" change="#secondStage">
  <del>house</del>
  <add>mouse</add>
 </mod>.</line>

<mod>

<mod type="subst">
 <add>pleasing</add>
 <del>agreable</del>
</mod>

<redo>

<line>
 <redo hand="#g_t" target="#redo-1"
  cause="fix"/>
 <mod xml:id="redo-1" rend="strikethrough"
  spanTo="#anchor-1" hand="#g_bl"/>Ihr hagren, triſten, krummgezog<mod rend="strikethrough">nen</mod>ener Nacken
</line>
<line>Wenn ihr nur piepſet iſt die Welt ſchon matt.<anchor xml:id="anchor-1"/>
</line>

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<redo>

<redo> indicates one or more cancelled interventions in a document which have subsequently been marked as reaffirmed or repeated. [12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

target target⚓︎
points to one or more elements representing the interventions which are being reasserted.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Member of

model.linePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Example

<line>
 <redo hand="#g_t" target="#redo-1"
  cause="fix"/>
 <mod xml:id="redo-1" rend="strikethrough"
  spanTo="#anchor-1" hand="#g_bl"/>Ihr hagren, triſten, krummgezog<mod rend="strikethrough">nen</mod>ener Nacken
</line>
<line>Wenn ihr nur piepſet iſt die Welt ſchon matt.<anchor xml:id="anchor-1"/>
</line>

Show all ⚓︎

This encoding represents the following sequence of events:

"Ihr hagren, triſten, krummgezog nenener Nacken/ Wenn ihr nur piepſet iſt die Welt ſchon matt." is written

the redundant letters "nen" in "nenener" are deleted

the whole passage is deleted by hand g_bl using strikethrough

the deletion is reasserted by another hand (identified here as g_t)

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element redo
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   attribute target { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <redo>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <redo> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <redo> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

<redo>

<line>
 <redo hand="#g_t" target="#redo-1"
  cause="fix"/>
 <mod xml:id="redo-1" rend="strikethrough"
  spanTo="#anchor-1" hand="#g_bl"/>Ihr hagren, triſten, krummgezog<mod rend="strikethrough">nen</mod>ener Nacken
</line>
<line>Wenn ihr nur piepſet iſt die Welt ſchon matt.<anchor xml:id="anchor-1"/>
</line>

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C Elements

<retrace>

<retrace> contains a sequence of writing which has been retraced, for example by over-inking, to clarify or fix it. [12.3.4.3. Fixation and Clarification]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.linePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

Multiple retraces are indicated by nesting one retrace within another. In principle, a retrace differs from a substitution in that second and subsequent rewrites do not materially alter the content of an element. Where minor changes have been made during the retracing action however these may be marked up using del, add, etc. with an appropriate value for the change attribute.

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element retrace
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <retrace>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <retrace> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <retrace> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used" target="#X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

12.3.4.3. Fixation and Clarification

Sku<retrace cause="unclear">l</retrace>dren

12.3.4.3. Fixation and Clarification

ved Bæg<retrace cause="unclear" change="#stage2">
 <retrace cause="unclear" change="#stage1">er</retrace>
</retrace> ...

12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions

<profileDesc>
 <creation>
  <listChange ordered="true">
   <change target="#zone_1 #subst_3">First stage, written in ink by a
       scribe</change>
   <change target="#zone_2 #mod_1 #line_1 #line_2 #subst_1 #subst_2 #subst_4 #delSpan_1">Revised by Goethe using pencil</change>
   <change target="#redo_1 #redo_2 #redo_3 #subst_1 #subst_2 #delSpan_1 #add_1">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using
       ink</change>
  </listChange>
 </creation>
</profileDesc>
<sourceDoc>
 <surface>
  <zone xml:id="zone_1">
   <line xml:id="line_1">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_1">Nun</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>
    <handShift new="#jo_t"/>Ihr wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</line>
   <line xml:id="line_2">
    <handShift new="#g_bl"/>
    <retrace hand="#g_t" xml:id="redo_2">feiſt</retrace>
   </line>
   <line>Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel ſatt.</line> [...] </zone>
 </surface>
</sourceDoc>
<text>
 <body>
  <l n="11656">
   <subst xml:id="subst_1">
    <del>Ihr</del>
    <add>Nun</add>
   </subst> wanſtige Schuften mit den Feuerbacken</l>
  <l n="11657">Ihr glüht ſo recht vom Höllen Schwefel <subst xml:id="subst_2">
    <del>ſatt</del>
    <add>feiſt</add>
   </subst>.</l>
 </body>
</text>

<metamark>

<surface>
 <metamark function="used" rend="line"
  target="#X2"/>
 <zone xml:id="zone-X2">
  <line>I am that halfgrown <add>angry</add> boy, fallen asleep</line>
  <line>The tears of foolish passion yet undried</line>
  <line>upon my cheeks.</line>
<!-- ... -->
  <line>I pass through <add>the</add> travels and <del>fortunes</del> of
  <retrace>thirty</retrace>
  </line>
  <line>years and become old,</line>
  <line>Each in its due order comes and goes,</line>
  <line>And thus a message for me comes.</line>
  <line>The</line>
 </zone>
 <metamark function="used"
  target="#zone-X2">Entered - Yes</metamark>
</surface>

<retrace>

<line>... Sku<retrace cause="unclear">l</retrace>dren </line>

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C Elements

<transpose>

<transpose> describes a single textual transposition as an ordered list of at least two pointers specifying the order in which the elements indicated should be re-combined. [12.3.4.5. Transpositions]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

transcr: listTranspose

May contain

core: ptr

Note

Transposition is usually indicated in a document by a metamark such as a wavy line or numbering.

The order in which ptr elements appear within a transpose element should correspond with the desired order, as indicated by the metamark.

Example

<transpose>
 <ptr target="#ib02"/>
 <ptr target="#ib01"/>
</transpose>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

The transposition recorded here indicates that the content of the element with identifier ib02 should appear before the content of the element with identifier ib01.

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="ptr" minOccurs="2"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element transpose
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( ptr, ptr, ptr* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <transpose>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <transpose> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <transpose> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

<seg xml:id="ib01">bör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib01" place="above">2.</metamark> og
<seg xml:id="ib02">hör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib02" place="above">1.</metamark>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib02"/>
  <ptr target="#ib01"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

<line xml:id="ib3">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">2.)</metamark> thi da er du med Himmelen i Pagt; —
</line>
<line xml:id="ib4">
 <metamark function="transposition"
  place="margin-left">1.)</metamark> da kan du
Folkets Jøkelhjerter tine;
</line>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib4"/>
  <ptr target="#ib3"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

<listTranspose>

<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib02"/>
  <ptr target="#ib01"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

<transpose>

<transpose>
 <ptr target="#ib02"/>
 <ptr target="#ib01"/>
</transpose>

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C Elements

<undo>

<undo> indicates one or more marked-up interventions in a document which have subsequently been marked for cancellation. [12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.spanning

@spanTo

att.transcriptional

@status

@cause

@seq

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

target target⚓︎
points to one or more elements representing the interventions which are to be reverted or undone.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Member of

model.linePart model.pPart.transcriptional

Contained by

analysis: cl pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label lg measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: am damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Example

<line>This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
  <seg xml:id="undo-a">just some</seg>
   sample <seg xml:id="undo-b">text</seg>,
   we need</del>
 <add change="#s2">not</add>
a real example.</line>
<undo target="#undo-a #undo-b"
 rend="dotted" change="#s3"/>

Show all ⚓︎

This encoding represents the following sequence of events:

"This is just some sample text, we need a real example" is written

At stage s2, "just some sample text, we need" is deleted by overstriking, and "not" is added

At stage s3, parts of the deletion are cancelled by underdotting, thus reinstating the words "just some" and "text".

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element undo
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.spanning.attributes,
   att.transcriptional.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   attribute target { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <undo>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <undo> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <undo> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications

This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
 <undo spanTo="#Xa" rend="dotted"
  change="#s3"/>just some <anchor xml:id="Xa"/> sample <undo spanTo="#Xb" rend="dotted"
  change="#s3"/>text, <anchor xml:id="Xb"/> we need
</del>
<add change="#s2">not</add> a real example.

12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications

This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
 <seg xml:id="X-a">just some</seg> sample <seg xml:id="X-b">text</seg>, we
need
</del>
<add change="#s2">not</add> a real example.

<undo target="#X-a #X-b" rend="dotted"
 change="#s3"/>

<undo>

<line>This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
  <seg xml:id="undo-a">just some</seg>
   sample <seg xml:id="undo-b">text</seg>,
   we need</del>
 <add change="#s2">not</add>
a real example.</line>
<undo target="#undo-a #undo-b"
 rend="dotted" change="#s3"/>

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C Elements

<app>

<app> (apparatus entry) contains one entry in a critical apparatus, with an optional lemma and usually one or more readings or notes on the relevant passage. [13.1.1. The Apparatus Entry]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
classifies the variation contained in this element according to some convenient typology.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

from from⚓︎
identifies the beginning of the lemma in the base text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

This attribute should be used when either the double-end point method of apparatus markup, or the location-referenced method with a URL rather than canonical reference, are used.

to to⚓︎
identifies the endpoint of the lemma in the base text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

This attribute is only used when the double-end point method of apparatus markup is used, when the encoded apparatus is not embedded in-line in the base-text.

loc loc⚓︎
(location) indicates the location of the variation, when the location-referenced method of apparatus markup is used.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

Note

This attribute is used only when the location-referenced encoding method is used. It supplies a string containing a canonical reference for the passage to which the variation applies.

Member of

model.global.edit

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem listApp rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: note noteGrp

textcrit: lem rdg rdgGrp wit witDetail

Example

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<app loc="1">
 <rdg resp="#SEG">TIMΩΔA</rdg>
</app>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<app loc="1-6">
 <note>Too badly worn to yield a text</note>
</app>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<choice xml:id="choice3">
 <reg>σύμπαντα</reg>
 <orig>ΣΙΝΠΑΤΑΝ</orig>
</choice>
<!-- ... -->
<app from="#choice3">
 <note>Mommsen's fanciful normalization, reproduced here, has not been accepted by all recent editions</note>
</app>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="lem" minOccurs="0"/>
  <alternate maxOccurs="unbounded"
   minOccurs="0">
   <classRef key="model.rdgLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
   <elementRef key="witDetail"/>
   <elementRef key="wit"/>
   <elementRef key="rdgGrp"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element app
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute from { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute to { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute loc { list { teidata.word+ } }?,
   ( lem?, ( model.rdgLike | model.noteLike | witDetail | wit | rdgGrp )* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <app> (apparatus entry)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <app> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <app> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

And of so parfit wis a <app>
 <rdg wit="#Hg">wight</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ln #Ry2 #Ld">wright</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Gg">wyf</rdg>
</app>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

And of so parfit wis a <app>
 <rdg wit="#Hg">wight</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ln #Ry2 #Ld">
  <corr resp="#ETD">wright</corr>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Gg">
  <corr resp="#mp">wyf</corr>
 </rdg>
</app>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

One must have lived longer with <app>
 <rdg varSeq="1">
  <del>this</del>
 </rdg>
 <rdg varSeq="2">
  <del>
   <add>such a</add>
  </del>
 </rdg>
 <rdg varSeq="3">
  <add>a</add>
 </rdg>
</app> system, to appreciate its advantages.

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.1. The Apparatus Entry

<app>
 <rdg wit="#El">Experience though noon Auctoritee</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment thouh noon Auctoritee</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment though none auctorite</rdg>
</app>

<app>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

<app>

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<app>

<app loc="1">
 <rdg resp="#SEG">TIMΩΔA</rdg>
</app>

<app>

<app loc="1-6">
 <note>Too badly worn to yield a text</note>
</app>

<app>

<choice xml:id="choice3">
 <reg>σύμπαντα</reg>
 <orig>ΣΙΝΠΑΤΑΝ</orig>
</choice>
<!-- ... -->
<app from="#choice3">
 <note>Mommsen's fanciful normalization, reproduced here, has not been accepted by all recent editions</note>
</app>

<listApp>

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

13.1.2. Readings

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.1.2. Readings

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="orthographic">thouh</rdg>
</app>

13.1.2. Readings

<app>
 <rdg wit="#La" varSeq="1">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" cause="abbreviation_loss"
  varSeq="2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.1.2. Readings

<l>Swaz hi gât umbe</l>
<l>daz sint alle megede,</l>
<l>die wellent ân man</l>
<l>
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" varSeq="1" hand="#m1">alle</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" cause="nachgetragen"
   varSeq="2" hand="#m2">allen</rdg>
 </app>
disen sumer gân.
</l>

13.1.2. Readings

<l>se ðe on
<app>
  <rdg wit="#Kl">hea(um) h(æþ)e</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#ms" source="#Z">heaðo hlæwe</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#ms" source="#Cha">heaum hope</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>hord beweotode,</l>

13.1.2. Readings

<l n="2207a">syððan <app>
  <lem>Beowulfe</lem>
  <note source="#Kl">Fol. 179a <mentioned>beowulfe</mentioned>.
     Folio 179, with the last page (Fol. 198b), is the worst part of the
     entire MS. It has been freshened up by a later hand, but not always
     correctly. Information on doubtful readings is in the notes of
     Zupitza and Chambers.</note>
 </app>
</l>
<l n="2207b">brade rice</l>

<lem>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#La">thogh</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Hg">thouh</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app n="a1" type="substantive">
 <rdg wit="#El #Hg #Ha4">
  <app n="a2" type="orthographic">
   <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Cp #Ld1 #La">
  <app n="a3" type="orthographic">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">
  <app n="a4" type="orthographic">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="sequence">
  <rdgGrp varSeq="1" type="subvariants">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
  <rdgGrp varSeq="2"
   cause="abbreviation_loss">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#Hg">thogh</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#La">thouhe</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#fr_wit1">comte</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#fr_wit2">cante</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#fr_wit3">contes</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">壓</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#Hg">壓</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#La">压</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

<app type="substantive">
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <witDetail wit="#El">Ornamental capital.</witDetail>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
</app>

13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

<l>Swaz hi gât umbe</l>
<l>daz sint alle megede,</l>
<l>die wellent ân man</l>
<l>
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m1">alle</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m2">allen</rdg>
  <witDetail wit="#Mu">
   <mentioned>n</mentioned> nachgetragen.
  </witDetail>
 </app>
disen sumer gân.
</l>

<witDetail>

<app type="substantive">
 <lem xml:id="W026x" wit="#El #HG">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 <witDetail target="#W026x" resp="#PR"
  wit="#El" type="presentation">Ornamental capital.</witDetail>
</app>

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" xml:id="rdg1.1nundum"
  ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <witDetail wit="#G" target="#rdg1.1nundum">corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>
 </witDetail>
</app>

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <wit>
  <ref target="#G">G</ref>(corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>)<ref target="#P">P</ref>
 </wit>
</app>

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <lacunaEnd/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2 #X">
  <lacunaEnd wit="#X"/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <witStart/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

<witStart>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <witStart/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

<witEnd>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <witEnd/>
 </rdg>
</app>

<lacunaStart>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <lacunaStart/>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<app loc="WBP 1">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<variantEncoding method="location-referenced"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">Experience
<app>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
though noon Auctoritee</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee
<app>
  <rdg wit="#La"> Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2"> Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee
<app>
  <lem wit="#El">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<app from="#WBP.1" to="#WBP-A2">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1" xml:id="wbp.1">Experience
<app from="#wbp.1">
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
though noon Auctoritee</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<app from="#WBP.1" to="#WBP-A2">
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<l xml:id="WBP.117" n="117"> And
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.1"/> of so parfit
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.2"/> wys
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.3"/> a wight
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.4"/> ywroght
<app from="#WBP-A117.1" to="#WBP-A117.3">
  <lem wit="#Hg">of so parfit wys</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">in what wise was</rdg>
 </app>
 <app from="#WBP-A117.2" to="#WBP-A117.4">
  <lem wit="#Hg">wys a wight</lem>
  <rdg wit="#El #Ha4">was a wight</rdg>
 </app>
</l>

13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method

<variantEncoding method="parallel-segmentation"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">
 <app>
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method

<l n="1">
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Chi3">Auctoritee, though none experience</rdg>
  <rdg>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Hg">Experience</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
   </app>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Ra2">though</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#Hg">thogh</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La">thouh</rdg>
   </app>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Hg">noon Auctorite</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">none auctorite</rdg>
   </app>
  </rdg>
 </app>
</l>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1">
 <seg xml:id="WBP-so.1.1">Experience</seg> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="example.xml#WBP-so.1.1">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1">
 <anchor xml:id="WBP-so.1.1a"/> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="http://www.example.com/example.xml#WBP-so.1.1a">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1" xml:id="WP.1a">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="example.xml#string-range(WP.1a,0,10)">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfectio<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfecti<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="f105" source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="r105" source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>
<!-- ... <note> appearing elsewhere in the document ... -->
<note target="#r105 #f105">Furnivall's expansion implies that the bar
is an abbreviation for 'u'. There are no certain instances of
this mark as an abbreviation for 'u' in these manuscripts and it is
widely used as an abbreviation for 'n'. Ruggiers' expansion is to
be accepted.</note>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="d1e372">
 <lem xml:id="d1e373" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="18">Hypsipyle uacuo constitit in thalamo:</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e376" wit="#J"
  cause="homeoarchon"/>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="app-lem-l25-l26"
 exclude="#app-rdg-Housman-l25-26">
 <lem xml:id="d1e462" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="25" xml:id="l25">desine iam reuocare tuis periuria verbis,</l>
  <l n="26" xml:id="l26">Cynthia, et oblitos parce movere deos;</l>
 </lem>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="app-rdg-Housman-l25-26"
 exclude="#app-lem-l25-l26">
 <rdg xml:id="d1e603" source="#Housman">
  <l copyOf="#l25"/>
  <l copyOf="#l26"/>
 </rdg>
 <note target="#d1e603">Housman put these lines after 32.</note>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="d1e275">
 <lem xml:id="d1e277" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="8">
   <app xml:id="d1e280">
    <lem xml:id="d1e281" wit="#N #Λ">ut</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e283" wit="#A">et</rdg>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e285" source="#Nodell">ac</rdg>
    <note target="#d1e287">perhaps</note>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e287" source="#Heyworth"
     cert="low">quam</rdg>
   </app> formosa nouo quae parat ire uiro.</l>
  <l n="9">
   <app xml:id="d1e294">
    <lem xml:id="d1e295">at</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e297" wit="#A">et</rdg>
   </app> non sic, Ithaci digressu <app xml:id="d1e300">
    <lem xml:id="d1e301">mota</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e303" source="#Graevius">immota</rdg>
   </app>, Calypso</l>
  <l n="10">desertis olim fleuerat aequoribus:</l>
  <l n="11">multos illa dies incomptis maesta capillis</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e314" wit="#C"
  cause="homoeoteleuton"/>
 <note target="#d1e314">omits lines 8-11 because of homoeoteleuton.</note>
</app>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

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C Elements

<listApp>

<listApp> (list of apparatus entries) contains a list of apparatus entries. [13.2. Linking the Apparatus to the Text]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.listLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem listApp rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc head

textcrit: app listApp

Note

listApp elements would normally be located in the back part of a document, but they may appear elsewhere.

Example

In the following example from the exegetical Yasna, the base text is encoded in the body of the document, and two separate listApp elements are used in the back, containing variant readings written in different scripts.

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:listApp"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="app"/>
   <elementRef key="listApp"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listApp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( model.headLike*, desc*, ( app | listApp )+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <listApp> (list of apparatus entries)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listApp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listApp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

<listApp>

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

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C Elements

<lem>

<lem> (lemma) contains the lemma, or base text, of a textual variation. [13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.textCritical

@type

@cause

@varSeq

@require

att.typed

type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

att.witnessed

@wit

Contained by

textcrit: app rdgGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList epilogue move performance prologue set sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app lacunaEnd lacunaStart listApp listWit wit witDetail witEnd witStart

textstructure: argument byline div docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText imprimatur titlePage titlePart

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The term lemma is used in text criticism to describe the reading given in the main text, which may be used as a heading in the apparatus itself. This usage connects it to mathematics (where a lemma is a proven proposition used as a step in a proof, a "given") and natural-language processing (where a lemma is the dictionary headword associated with an inflected form in the running text).

Example

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.divLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.divPart"/>
  <elementRef key="titlePage"/>
  <elementRef key="argument"/>
  <elementRef key="byline"/>
  <elementRef key="docAuthor"/>
  <elementRef key="docDate"/>
  <elementRef key="docEdition"/>
  <elementRef key="docImprint"/>
  <elementRef key="docTitle"/>
  <elementRef key="epigraph"/>
  <elementRef key="imprimatur"/>
  <elementRef key="titlePart"/>
  <elementRef key="epilogue"/>
  <elementRef key="performance"/>
  <elementRef key="prologue"/>
  <elementRef key="set"/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <classRef key="model.rdgPart"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element lem
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.textCritical.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.witnessed.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.divLike
    | model.divPart
    | titlePage
    | argument
    | byline
    | docAuthor
    | docDate
    | docEdition
    | docImprint
    | docTitle
    | epigraph
    | imprimatur
    | titlePart
    | epilogue
    | performance
    | prologue
    | set
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.global
    | model.rdgPart
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <lem> (lemma)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <lem> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <lem> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

13. Critical Apparatus

<app>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

<app>

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.2. Readings

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.1.2. Readings

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="orthographic">thouh</rdg>
</app>

13.1.2. Readings

<l n="2207a">syððan <app>
  <lem>Beowulfe</lem>
  <note source="#Kl">Fol. 179a <mentioned>beowulfe</mentioned>.
     Folio 179, with the last page (Fol. 198b), is the worst part of the
     entire MS. It has been freshened up by a later hand, but not always
     correctly. Information on doubtful readings is in the notes of
     Zupitza and Chambers.</note>
 </app>
</l>
<l n="2207b">brade rice</l>

<lem>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#La">thogh</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Hg">thouh</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app n="a1" type="substantive">
 <rdg wit="#El #Hg #Ha4">
  <app n="a2" type="orthographic">
   <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Cp #Ld1 #La">
  <app n="a3" type="orthographic">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">
  <app n="a4" type="orthographic">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="sequence">
  <rdgGrp varSeq="1" type="subvariants">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
  <rdgGrp varSeq="2"
   cause="abbreviation_loss">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#Hg">thogh</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#La">thouhe</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#fr_wit1">comte</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#fr_wit2">cante</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#fr_wit3">contes</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">壓</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#Hg">壓</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#La">压</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

<app type="substantive">
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <witDetail wit="#El">Ornamental capital.</witDetail>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
</app>

<witDetail>

<app type="substantive">
 <lem xml:id="W026x" wit="#El #HG">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 <witDetail target="#W026x" resp="#PR"
  wit="#El" type="presentation">Ornamental capital.</witDetail>
</app>

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" xml:id="rdg1.1nundum"
  ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <witDetail wit="#G" target="#rdg1.1nundum">corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>
 </witDetail>
</app>

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <wit>
  <ref target="#G">G</ref>(corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>)<ref target="#P">P</ref>
 </wit>
</app>

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <lacunaEnd/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2 #X">
  <lacunaEnd wit="#X"/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <witStart/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

<witStart>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <witStart/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

<witEnd>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <witEnd/>
 </rdg>
</app>

<lacunaStart>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <lacunaStart/>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee
<app>
  <lem wit="#El">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<app from="#WBP.1" to="#WBP-A2">
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<l xml:id="WBP.117" n="117"> And
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.1"/> of so parfit
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.2"/> wys
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.3"/> a wight
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.4"/> ywroght
<app from="#WBP-A117.1" to="#WBP-A117.3">
  <lem wit="#Hg">of so parfit wys</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">in what wise was</rdg>
 </app>
 <app from="#WBP-A117.2" to="#WBP-A117.4">
  <lem wit="#Hg">wys a wight</lem>
  <rdg wit="#El #Ha4">was a wight</rdg>
 </app>
</l>

13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method

<variantEncoding method="parallel-segmentation"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">
 <app>
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1">
 <anchor xml:id="WBP-so.1.1a"/> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="http://www.example.com/example.xml#WBP-so.1.1a">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1" xml:id="WP.1a">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="example.xml#string-range(WP.1a,0,10)">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="d1e372">
 <lem xml:id="d1e373" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="18">Hypsipyle uacuo constitit in thalamo:</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e376" wit="#J"
  cause="homeoarchon"/>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="app-lem-l25-l26"
 exclude="#app-rdg-Housman-l25-26">
 <lem xml:id="d1e462" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="25" xml:id="l25">desine iam reuocare tuis periuria verbis,</l>
  <l n="26" xml:id="l26">Cynthia, et oblitos parce movere deos;</l>
 </lem>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="d1e275">
 <lem xml:id="d1e277" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="8">
   <app xml:id="d1e280">
    <lem xml:id="d1e281" wit="#N #Λ">ut</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e283" wit="#A">et</rdg>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e285" source="#Nodell">ac</rdg>
    <note target="#d1e287">perhaps</note>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e287" source="#Heyworth"
     cert="low">quam</rdg>
   </app> formosa nouo quae parat ire uiro.</l>
  <l n="9">
   <app xml:id="d1e294">
    <lem xml:id="d1e295">at</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e297" wit="#A">et</rdg>
   </app> non sic, Ithaci digressu <app xml:id="d1e300">
    <lem xml:id="d1e301">mota</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e303" source="#Graevius">immota</rdg>
   </app>, Calypso</l>
  <l n="10">desertis olim fleuerat aequoribus:</l>
  <l n="11">multos illa dies incomptis maesta capillis</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e314" wit="#C"
  cause="homoeoteleuton"/>
 <note target="#d1e314">omits lines 8-11 because of homoeoteleuton.</note>
</app>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<rdg>

<rdg> (reading) contains a single reading within a textual variation. [13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.textCritical

@type

@cause

@varSeq

@require

att.typed

type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

att.witnessed

@wit

Member of

model.rdgLike

Contained by

textcrit: app rdgGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList epilogue move performance prologue set sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app lacunaEnd lacunaStart listApp listWit wit witDetail witEnd witStart

textstructure: argument byline div docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText imprimatur titlePage titlePart

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.divLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.divPart"/>
  <elementRef key="titlePage"/>
  <elementRef key="argument"/>
  <elementRef key="byline"/>
  <elementRef key="docAuthor"/>
  <elementRef key="docDate"/>
  <elementRef key="docEdition"/>
  <elementRef key="docImprint"/>
  <elementRef key="docTitle"/>
  <elementRef key="epigraph"/>
  <elementRef key="imprimatur"/>
  <elementRef key="titlePart"/>
  <elementRef key="epilogue"/>
  <elementRef key="performance"/>
  <elementRef key="prologue"/>
  <elementRef key="set"/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <classRef key="model.rdgPart"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element rdg
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.textCritical.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   att.witnessed.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.divLike
    | model.divPart
    | titlePage
    | argument
    | byline
    | docAuthor
    | docDate
    | docEdition
    | docImprint
    | docTitle
    | epigraph
    | imprimatur
    | titlePart
    | epilogue
    | performance
    | prologue
    | set
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.global
    | model.rdgPart
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <rdg> (reading)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <rdg> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <rdg> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

And of so parfit wis a <app>
 <rdg wit="#Hg">wight</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ln #Ry2 #Ld">wright</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Gg">wyf</rdg>
</app>

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

And of so parfit wis a <app>
 <rdg wit="#Hg">wight</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ln #Ry2 #Ld">
  <corr resp="#ETD">wright</corr>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Gg">
  <corr resp="#mp">wyf</corr>
 </rdg>
</app>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

One must have lived longer with <app>
 <rdg varSeq="1">
  <del>this</del>
 </rdg>
 <rdg varSeq="2">
  <del>
   <add>such a</add>
  </del>
 </rdg>
 <rdg varSeq="3">
  <add>a</add>
 </rdg>
</app> system, to appreciate its advantages.

<secl>

<rdg source="#Pescani">
 <secl>
  <l n="15" xml:id="l15">Alphesiboea suos ulta est pro coniuge fratres,</l>
  <l n="16" xml:id="l16">sanguinis et cari vincula rupit amor.</l>
 </secl>
</rdg>
<note>secl. Pescani</note>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.1. The Apparatus Entry

<app>
 <rdg wit="#El">Experience though noon Auctoritee</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment thouh noon Auctoritee</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment though none auctorite</rdg>
</app>

<app>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

<app>

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<app>

<app loc="1">
 <rdg resp="#SEG">TIMΩΔA</rdg>
</app>

<listApp>

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

13.1.2. Readings

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.1.2. Readings

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="orthographic">thouh</rdg>
</app>

13.1.2. Readings

<app>
 <rdg wit="#La" varSeq="1">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" cause="abbreviation_loss"
  varSeq="2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.1.2. Readings

<l>Swaz hi gât umbe</l>
<l>daz sint alle megede,</l>
<l>die wellent ân man</l>
<l>
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" varSeq="1" hand="#m1">alle</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" cause="nachgetragen"
   varSeq="2" hand="#m2">allen</rdg>
 </app>
disen sumer gân.
</l>

13.1.2. Readings

<l>se ðe on
<app>
  <rdg wit="#Kl">hea(um) h(æþ)e</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#ms" source="#Z">heaðo hlæwe</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#ms" source="#Cha">heaum hope</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>hord beweotode,</l>

<lem>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La" type="substantive">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2" type="substantive">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

<rdg>

<rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>

<rdg>

<rdg wit="#fr_wit1">cuens</rdg>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#La">thogh</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Hg">thouh</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app n="a1" type="substantive">
 <rdg wit="#El #Hg #Ha4">
  <app n="a2" type="orthographic">
   <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Cp #Ld1 #La">
  <app n="a3" type="orthographic">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">
  <app n="a4" type="orthographic">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </app>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="sequence">
  <rdgGrp varSeq="1" type="subvariants">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
  <rdgGrp varSeq="2"
   cause="abbreviation_loss">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#Hg">thogh</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#La">thouhe</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#fr_wit1">comte</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#fr_wit2">cante</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#fr_wit3">contes</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">壓</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#Hg">壓</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#La">压</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

<app type="substantive">
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <witDetail wit="#El">Ornamental capital.</witDetail>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
</app>

13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

<l>Swaz hi gât umbe</l>
<l>daz sint alle megede,</l>
<l>die wellent ân man</l>
<l>
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m1">alle</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m2">allen</rdg>
  <witDetail wit="#Mu">
   <mentioned>n</mentioned> nachgetragen.
  </witDetail>
 </app>
disen sumer gân.
</l>

<witDetail>

<app type="substantive">
 <lem xml:id="W026x" wit="#El #HG">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 <witDetail target="#W026x" resp="#PR"
  wit="#El" type="presentation">Ornamental capital.</witDetail>
</app>

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" xml:id="rdg1.1nundum"
  ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <witDetail wit="#G" target="#rdg1.1nundum">corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>
 </witDetail>
</app>

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <wit>
  <ref target="#G">G</ref>(corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>)<ref target="#P">P</ref>
 </wit>
</app>

<wit>

<rdg wit="#El #Hg">Experience</rdg>
<wit>Ellesmere, Hengwryt</wit>

<wit>

<rdg wit="#fr_El #fr_Hg">Experience</rdg>
<wit>Ellesmere, Hengwryt</wit>
<!-- EX. A TROUVER A VALIDER A COMPLETER-->

<wit>

<rdg wit="#El #Hg">經驗</rdg>
<wit>郝仁</wit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<rdg wit="#Con">Experiment</rdg>

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <lacunaEnd/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2 #X">
  <lacunaEnd wit="#X"/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <witStart/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

<witStart>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <witStart/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

<witEnd>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <witEnd/>
 </rdg>
</app>

<lacunaStart>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <lacunaStart/>
 </rdg>
</app>

<lacunaEnd>

<rdg wit="#X">
 <lacunaEnd/>auctorite
</rdg>

<lacunaEnd>

<rdg wit="#fr_X">
 <lacunaEnd/>auctorite
</rdg>

<lacunaEnd>

<rdg wit="#X">
 <lacunaEnd/>傀
</rdg>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<app loc="WBP 1">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<variantEncoding method="location-referenced"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">Experience
<app>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
though noon Auctoritee</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee
<app>
  <rdg wit="#La"> Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2"> Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<l n="1">Experience though noon Auctoritee
<app>
  <lem wit="#El">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<app from="#WBP.1" to="#WBP-A2">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1" xml:id="wbp.1">Experience
<app from="#wbp.1">
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
though noon Auctoritee</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<app from="#WBP.1" to="#WBP-A2">
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<l xml:id="WBP.117" n="117"> And
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.1"/> of so parfit
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.2"/> wys
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.3"/> a wight
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.4"/> ywroght
<app from="#WBP-A117.1" to="#WBP-A117.3">
  <lem wit="#Hg">of so parfit wys</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">in what wise was</rdg>
 </app>
 <app from="#WBP-A117.2" to="#WBP-A117.4">
  <lem wit="#Hg">wys a wight</lem>
  <rdg wit="#El #Ha4">was a wight</rdg>
 </app>
</l>

13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method

<variantEncoding method="parallel-segmentation"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">
 <app>
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method

<l n="1">
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Chi3">Auctoritee, though none experience</rdg>
  <rdg>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Hg">Experience</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
   </app>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Ra2">though</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#Hg">thogh</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La">thouh</rdg>
   </app>
   <app>
    <rdg wit="#El #Hg">noon Auctorite</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">none auctorite</rdg>
   </app>
  </rdg>
 </app>
</l>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1">
 <seg xml:id="WBP-so.1.1">Experience</seg> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="example.xml#WBP-so.1.1">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1">
 <anchor xml:id="WBP-so.1.1a"/> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="http://www.example.com/example.xml#WBP-so.1.1a">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1" xml:id="WP.1a">Experience though noon Auctoritee</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="example.xml#string-range(WP.1a,0,10)">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfectio<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>

13.3. Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions

Virginite is grete
<app>
 <rdg source="#ES">perfecti<am>
   <g ref="#ii"/>
  </am>
 </rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="f105" source="#FJF">perfectio<ex>u</ex>n</rdg>
 <rdg xml:id="r105" source="#PGR">perfectiou<ex>n</ex>
 </rdg>
</app>
<!-- ... <note> appearing elsewhere in the document ... -->
<note target="#r105 #f105">Furnivall's expansion implies that the bar
is an abbreviation for 'u'. There are no certain instances of
this mark as an abbreviation for 'u' in these manuscripts and it is
widely used as an abbreviation for 'n'. Ruggiers' expansion is to
be accepted.</note>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="d1e372">
 <lem xml:id="d1e373" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="18">Hypsipyle uacuo constitit in thalamo:</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e376" wit="#J"
  cause="homeoarchon"/>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="app-rdg-Housman-l25-26"
 exclude="#app-lem-l25-l26">
 <rdg xml:id="d1e603" source="#Housman">
  <l copyOf="#l25"/>
  <l copyOf="#l26"/>
 </rdg>
 <note target="#d1e603">Housman put these lines after 32.</note>
</app>

13. Critical Apparatus

<app xml:id="d1e275">
 <lem xml:id="d1e277" source="#Heyworth">
  <l n="8">
   <app xml:id="d1e280">
    <lem xml:id="d1e281" wit="#N #Λ">ut</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e283" wit="#A">et</rdg>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e285" source="#Nodell">ac</rdg>
    <note target="#d1e287">perhaps</note>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e287" source="#Heyworth"
     cert="low">quam</rdg>
   </app> formosa nouo quae parat ire uiro.</l>
  <l n="9">
   <app xml:id="d1e294">
    <lem xml:id="d1e295">at</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e297" wit="#A">et</rdg>
   </app> non sic, Ithaci digressu <app xml:id="d1e300">
    <lem xml:id="d1e301">mota</lem>
    <rdg xml:id="d1e303" source="#Graevius">immota</rdg>
   </app>, Calypso</l>
  <l n="10">desertis olim fleuerat aequoribus:</l>
  <l n="11">multos illa dies incomptis maesta capillis</l>
 </lem>
 <rdg xml:id="d1e314" wit="#C"
  cause="homoeoteleuton"/>
 <note target="#d1e314">omits lines 8-11 because of homoeoteleuton.</note>
</app>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<rdgGrp>

<rdgGrp> (reading group) within a textual variation, groups two or more readings perceived to have a genetic relationship or other affinity. [13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.textCritical

@type

@cause

@varSeq

@require

att.typed

type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Contained by

textcrit: app rdgGrp

May contain

core: note noteGrp

textcrit: lem rdg rdgGrp wit witDetail

Note

May contain readings and nested reading groups.

Usually, only one lem element should appear within a single apparatus entry, whether it appears outside a rdgGrp element or within it.

Example

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#Hg">thogh</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#La">thouhe</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:rdgGrp">
<sch:assert test="count(tei:lem) lt 2">Only one <lem> element may appear within a <rdgGrp></sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="lem" minOccurs="0"/>
  <alternate maxOccurs="unbounded"
   minOccurs="0">
   <classRef key="model.rdgLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
   <elementRef key="witDetail"/>
   <elementRef key="wit"/>
   <elementRef key="rdgGrp"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element rdgGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.textCritical.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   ( lem?, ( model.rdgLike | model.noteLike | witDetail | wit | rdgGrp )* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <rdgGrp> (reading group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <rdgGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <rdgGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

<app>

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#La">thogh</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Hg">thouh</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

13.1.3. Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries

<app type="substantive">
 <rdgGrp type="subvariants">
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
 <rdgGrp type="sequence">
  <rdgGrp varSeq="1" type="subvariants">
   <lem wit="#Cp #Ld1">Experiment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#La">Ex<g ref="#per"/>iment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
  <rdgGrp varSeq="2"
   cause="abbreviation_loss">
   <lem resp="#ed2013">Eriment</lem>
   <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
  </rdgGrp>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">though</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#Hg">thogh</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#La">thouhe</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#fr_wit1">comte</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#fr_wit2">cante</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#fr_wit3">contes</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

<rdgGrp>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Ra2">壓</lem>
 <rdgGrp type="orthographic">
  <rdg wit="#Hg">壓</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#La">压</rdg>
 </rdgGrp>
</app>

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C Elements

<witDetail>

<witDetail> (witness detail) gives further information about a particular witness, or witnesses, to a particular reading. [13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.placement

@place

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

wit wit⚓︎
(witnesses) indicates the sigil or sigla identifying the witness or witnesses to which the detail refers.

Status
Required

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

type type⚓︎
describes the type of information given about the witness.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Member of

model.global.edit

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: app lem rdg rdgGrp wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl binaryObject cb choice corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q ref reg rs ruby sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The witDetail element was formerly permitted anywhere that note could appear, but since it should only be used in association with lem and rdg, it is recommended that it be placed immediately following the reading that it modifies, in the same app. A witDetail without a target attribute should be assumed to refer to the closest preceding lem or rdg.

Example

<app type="substantive">
 <lem xml:id="W026x" wit="#El #HG">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 <witDetail target="#W026x" resp="#PR"
  wit="#El" type="presentation">Ornamental capital.</witDetail>
</app>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <elementRef key="bibl"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element witDetail
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute wit { list { teidata.pointer+ } },
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.global | bibl )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <witDetail> (witness detail)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <witDetail> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <witDetail> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

<app type="substantive">
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <witDetail wit="#El">Ornamental capital.</witDetail>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
</app>

13.1.4.1. Witness Detail Information

<l>Swaz hi gât umbe</l>
<l>daz sint alle megede,</l>
<l>die wellent ân man</l>
<l>
 <app>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m1">alle</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Mu" hand="#m2">allen</rdg>
  <witDetail wit="#Mu">
   <mentioned>n</mentioned> nachgetragen.
  </witDetail>
 </app>
disen sumer gân.
</l>

<witDetail>

<app type="substantive">
 <lem xml:id="W026x" wit="#El #HG">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Experiens</rdg>
 <witDetail target="#W026x" resp="#PR"
  wit="#El" type="presentation">Ornamental capital.</witDetail>
</app>

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" xml:id="rdg1.1nundum"
  ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <witDetail wit="#G" target="#rdg1.1nundum">corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>
 </witDetail>
</app>

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C Elements

<wit>

<wit> (wit) contains a list of one or more sigla of witnesses attesting a given reading, in a textual variation. [13.1.4. Witness Information]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.rdgPart

@wit

Member of

model.rdgPart

Contained by

textcrit: app lem rdg rdgGrp

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

This element represents the same information as that provided by the wit attribute of the reading; it may be used to record the exact form of the sigla given in the source edition, when that is of interest.

Example

<rdg wit="#El #Hg">Experience</rdg>
<wit>Ellesmere, Hengwryt</wit>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element wit
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.rdgPart.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <wit> (wit)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <wit> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <wit> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.2. Witness Information in the Source

<app>
 <lem>Nondum</lem>
 <rdg wit="#G #P" ana="#orthographical">nundum</rdg>
 <wit>
  <ref target="#G">G</ref>(corr. <ref target="#G1">G<hi rend="super">1</hi>
  </ref>)<ref target="#P">P</ref>
 </wit>
</app>

<wit>

<rdg wit="#El #Hg">Experience</rdg>
<wit>Ellesmere, Hengwryt</wit>

<wit>

<rdg wit="#fr_El #fr_Hg">Experience</rdg>
<wit>Ellesmere, Hengwryt</wit>
<!-- EX. A TROUVER A VALIDER A COMPLETER-->

<wit>

<rdg wit="#El #Hg">經驗</rdg>
<wit>郝仁</wit>

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C Elements

<listWit>

<listWit> (witness list) lists definitions for all the witnesses referred to by a critical apparatus, optionally grouped hierarchically. [13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.sortable

@sortKey

Member of

model.listLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem listWit rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc head

textcrit: listWit witness

Note

May contain a series of witness or listWit elements.

The provision of a listWit element simplifies the automatic processing of the apparatus, e.g. the reconstruction of the readings for all witnesses from an exhaustive apparatus.

Situations commonly arise where there are many more or less fragmentary witnesses, such that there may be quite distinct groups of witnesses for different parts of a text or collection of texts. Such groups may be given separately, or nested within a single listWit element at the beginning of the file listing all the witnesses, partial and complete, for the text, with the attestation of fragmentary witnesses indicated within the apparatus by use of the witStart and witEnd elements described in section 13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses.

Note however that a given witness can only be defined once, and can therefore only appear within a single listWit element.

Example

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="HL26">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="PN392">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="RP149">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="witness"/>
   <elementRef key="listWit"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listWit
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   ( model.headLike?, desc*, ( witness | listWit )+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <listWit> (witness list)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listWit> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listWit> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="Chi3"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ha4"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ju"/>
 <witness xml:id="K"/>
 <witness xml:id="Kb"/>
 <witness xml:id="Kl"/>
 <witness xml:id="Kv"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ld"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ld1"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ln"/>
 <witness xml:id="Mu"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ry2"/>
 <witness xml:id="Wa"/>
 <witness xml:id="X"/>
</listWit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="El">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="Hg">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="Ra2">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="http://example.com/msDescs#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="A">die sog. <soCalled>Kleine (oder alte)
     Heidelberger Liederhandschrift</soCalled>.
 <bibl>Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg col. pal.
     germ. 357. Pergament, 45 Fll. 18,5 × 13,5 cm.</bibl>
   Wahrscheinlich die älteste der drei großen Hss. Sie
 <quote>datiert aus dem 13. Jahrhundert, etwa um 1275. Ihre Sprache
     weist ins Elsaß, evtl. nach Straßburg. Man geht wohl nicht
     fehl, in ihr eine Sammlung aus dem Stadtpatriziat zu sehen</quote>
   (<bibl>
   <author>Blank</author>, [vgl. <ref>Lit. z. Hss. Bd. 2,
       S. 39</ref>] S. 14</bibl>). Sie enthält 34 namentlich
   genannte Dichter. <quote>Zu den Vorzügen von A gehört, daß
     sie kaum je bewußt geändert hat, so daß sie für
     manche Dichter ... oft den besten Text liefert</quote> (so wohl mit
   Recht <bibl>
   <author>v. Kraus</author>
  </bibl>).</witness>
 <witness xml:id="a">Bezeichnung <bibl>
   <author>Lachmann</author>
  </bibl>s für die von einer 2. Hand auf bl. 40–43
   geschriebenen Strophen der Hs. A.</witness>
 <witness xml:id="B">die <soCalled>Weingartner (Stuttgarter)
     Liederhandschrift</soCalled>. <bibl>Württembergische
     Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, HB XIII poetae germanici 1.
     Pergament, 156 Bll. 15 × 11,5 cm; 25 teils ganzseitig,
     teils halbseitige Miniaturen.</bibl> Kaum vor 1306 in Konstanz
   geschrieben. Sie enthält Lieder von 25 namentlich genannten
   Dichtern. (Dazu kommen Gedichte von einigen ungenannten
   bzw. unbekannten Dichtern, ein Marienlobpreis und eine
   Minnelehre.)</witness>
</listWit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="Ellesmere">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
<!-- ... -->
 <listWit xml:id="Con">
  <head>Constant Group C</head>
  <witness xml:id="Cp">Corpus Christi Oxford MS 198</witness>
  <witness xml:id="La">British Library Lansdowne 851</witness>
  <witness xml:id="Sl2">British Library Sloane MS 1686</witness>
 </listWit>
</listWit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<witness xml:id="Σ">Servius (<abbr type="siglum">Σ</abbr>) = ΔΓ
<listWit>
  <witness xml:id="Δ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Δ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="J">
     <abbr type="siglum">J</abbr> = Metens. Bibl. mun. 292, s. IX </witness>
    <witness xml:id="L">
     <abbr type="siglum">L</abbr> = Leid. Bibl. der Rijksuniv. B.P.L. 52, s. VIII / IX</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
  <witness xml:id="Γ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Γ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="θ">
     <abbr type="siglum">θ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Α">
       <abbr type="siglum">A</abbr> = Caroliruh. Bad. Landesbibl. Aug. CXVI, s. IX2 (Reichenau); de codice A derivati:
      <listWit>
        <witness xml:id="S">
         <abbr type="siglum">S</abbr> = Sangall. Stiftsbibl. 861 + 862, s. IX / X</witness>
        <witness xml:id="Guelf">
         <abbr type="siglum">Guelf.</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2546 (44.23 Aug. fol.), s. XV</witness>
       </listWit>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="O">
       <abbr type="siglum">O</abbr> = Oxon. Bodl. Laud lat. 117, s. XI<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="τ">
     <abbr type="siglum">τ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Pa">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pa</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7959, s. IX (Tours)</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pc">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pc</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7961, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Q">
       <abbr type="siglum">Q</abbr>Flor. BML Plut. 45.14, s. IX</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Lb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Lb</abbr> = corrector cod. <ref target="#L">L</ref> (sup.)</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="γ">
     <abbr type="siglum">γ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="E">
       <abbr type="siglum">E</abbr> = Escorial. Bibl. S. Lorenzo T.II.17, s. IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi> (Ital. septentrion.) </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pb</abbr>Paris. BnF lat. 16236, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Y">
       <abbr type="siglum">Y</abbr> = Trident. Bib. com. 3388 (olim Vind. 72), s.
             IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="M">
       <abbr type="siglum">M</abbr> = Monac. Bay. Staatsbibl. Clm 6394, s. XI
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="σ">
     <abbr type="siglum">σ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="W">
       <abbr type="siglum">W</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2091, s. XIII<hi rend="superscript">ex.</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Ν">
       <abbr type="siglum">N</abbr> = Neap. Bibl. naz. lat. 5 (olim Vind. 27), s.
             X<hi rend="superscript">1</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="U">
       <abbr type="siglum">U</abbr> = Berolin. Staatsbibl. lat. quart. 219, s. XII</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="ο">
     <abbr type="siglum">º</abbr> classis codicum de Γ defluentium quibus lectiones faciliores in contextum contaminatione inferre valde placuit (= PaPcγσ in A. 9.1-10.190, 10.397-12.162; PaPcγU in A. 12.162-320; PaPcγ in A. 12.320-522); cf. praef. n. 30.</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
 </listWit>
</witness>

<listWit>

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="HL26">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="PN392">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="RP149">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

<witness>

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="EL">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="HG">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="RA2">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="http://www.examples.com/MSdescs#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

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C Elements

<witness>

<witness> (witness) contains either a description of a single witness referred to within the critical apparatus, or a list of witnesses which is to be referred to by a single sigil. [13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.sortable

@sortKey

Contained by

textcrit: listWit

May contain

core: abbr address bibl biblStruct choice cit date desc distinct email emph expan foreign gloss hi label list listBibl measure measureGrp mentioned name note num ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: table

header: biblFull idno

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink object objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef tag val

textcrit: listApp listWit

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: am ex subst

character data

Note

The content of the witness element may give bibliographic information about the witness or witness group, or it may be empty.

Example

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="EL">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="HG">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="RA2">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="http://www.examples.com/MSdescs#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.limitedPhrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <elementRef key="note"/>
  <elementRef key="object"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element witness
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   ( text | model.limitedPhrase | model.inter | note | object )*
}

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C Elements

Example: <witness> (witness)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <witness> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <witness> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="Chi3"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ha4"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ju"/>
 <witness xml:id="K"/>
 <witness xml:id="Kb"/>
 <witness xml:id="Kl"/>
 <witness xml:id="Kv"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ld"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ld1"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ln"/>
 <witness xml:id="Mu"/>
 <witness xml:id="Ry2"/>
 <witness xml:id="Wa"/>
 <witness xml:id="X"/>
</listWit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="El">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="Hg">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="Ra2">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="http://example.com/msDescs#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="A">die sog. <soCalled>Kleine (oder alte)
     Heidelberger Liederhandschrift</soCalled>.
 <bibl>Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg col. pal.
     germ. 357. Pergament, 45 Fll. 18,5 × 13,5 cm.</bibl>
   Wahrscheinlich die älteste der drei großen Hss. Sie
 <quote>datiert aus dem 13. Jahrhundert, etwa um 1275. Ihre Sprache
     weist ins Elsaß, evtl. nach Straßburg. Man geht wohl nicht
     fehl, in ihr eine Sammlung aus dem Stadtpatriziat zu sehen</quote>
   (<bibl>
   <author>Blank</author>, [vgl. <ref>Lit. z. Hss. Bd. 2,
       S. 39</ref>] S. 14</bibl>). Sie enthält 34 namentlich
   genannte Dichter. <quote>Zu den Vorzügen von A gehört, daß
     sie kaum je bewußt geändert hat, so daß sie für
     manche Dichter ... oft den besten Text liefert</quote> (so wohl mit
   Recht <bibl>
   <author>v. Kraus</author>
  </bibl>).</witness>
 <witness xml:id="a">Bezeichnung <bibl>
   <author>Lachmann</author>
  </bibl>s für die von einer 2. Hand auf bl. 40–43
   geschriebenen Strophen der Hs. A.</witness>
 <witness xml:id="B">die <soCalled>Weingartner (Stuttgarter)
     Liederhandschrift</soCalled>. <bibl>Württembergische
     Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, HB XIII poetae germanici 1.
     Pergament, 156 Bll. 15 × 11,5 cm; 25 teils ganzseitig,
     teils halbseitige Miniaturen.</bibl> Kaum vor 1306 in Konstanz
   geschrieben. Sie enthält Lieder von 25 namentlich genannten
   Dichtern. (Dazu kommen Gedichte von einigen ungenannten
   bzw. unbekannten Dichtern, ein Marienlobpreis und eine
   Minnelehre.)</witness>
</listWit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="Ellesmere">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
<!-- ... -->
 <listWit xml:id="Con">
  <head>Constant Group C</head>
  <witness xml:id="Cp">Corpus Christi Oxford MS 198</witness>
  <witness xml:id="La">British Library Lansdowne 851</witness>
  <witness xml:id="Sl2">British Library Sloane MS 1686</witness>
 </listWit>
</listWit>

13.1.4.3. The Witness List

<witness xml:id="Σ">Servius (<abbr type="siglum">Σ</abbr>) = ΔΓ
<listWit>
  <witness xml:id="Δ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Δ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="J">
     <abbr type="siglum">J</abbr> = Metens. Bibl. mun. 292, s. IX </witness>
    <witness xml:id="L">
     <abbr type="siglum">L</abbr> = Leid. Bibl. der Rijksuniv. B.P.L. 52, s. VIII / IX</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
  <witness xml:id="Γ">
   <abbr type="siglum">Γ</abbr>
   <listWit>
    <witness xml:id="θ">
     <abbr type="siglum">θ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Α">
       <abbr type="siglum">A</abbr> = Caroliruh. Bad. Landesbibl. Aug. CXVI, s. IX2 (Reichenau); de codice A derivati:
      <listWit>
        <witness xml:id="S">
         <abbr type="siglum">S</abbr> = Sangall. Stiftsbibl. 861 + 862, s. IX / X</witness>
        <witness xml:id="Guelf">
         <abbr type="siglum">Guelf.</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2546 (44.23 Aug. fol.), s. XV</witness>
       </listWit>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="O">
       <abbr type="siglum">O</abbr> = Oxon. Bodl. Laud lat. 117, s. XI<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="τ">
     <abbr type="siglum">τ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="Pa">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pa</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7959, s. IX (Tours)</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pc">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pc</abbr> = Paris. BnF lat. 7961, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Q">
       <abbr type="siglum">Q</abbr>Flor. BML Plut. 45.14, s. IX</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Lb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Lb</abbr> = corrector cod. <ref target="#L">L</ref> (sup.)</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="γ">
     <abbr type="siglum">γ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="E">
       <abbr type="siglum">E</abbr> = Escorial. Bibl. S. Lorenzo T.II.17, s. IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi> (Ital. septentrion.) </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Pb">
       <abbr type="siglum">Pb</abbr>Paris. BnF lat. 16236, s. X / XI</witness>
      <witness xml:id="Y">
       <abbr type="siglum">Y</abbr> = Trident. Bib. com. 3388 (olim Vind. 72), s.
             IX<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="M">
       <abbr type="siglum">M</abbr> = Monac. Bay. Staatsbibl. Clm 6394, s. XI
      </witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="σ">
     <abbr type="siglum">σ</abbr>
     <listWit>
      <witness xml:id="W">
       <abbr type="siglum">W</abbr> = Guelf. HAB 2091, s. XIII<hi rend="superscript">ex.</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="Ν">
       <abbr type="siglum">N</abbr> = Neap. Bibl. naz. lat. 5 (olim Vind. 27), s.
             X<hi rend="superscript">1</hi>
      </witness>
      <witness xml:id="U">
       <abbr type="siglum">U</abbr> = Berolin. Staatsbibl. lat. quart. 219, s. XII</witness>
     </listWit>
    </witness>
    <witness xml:id="ο">
     <abbr type="siglum">º</abbr> classis codicum de Γ defluentium quibus lectiones faciliores in contextum contaminatione inferre valde placuit (= PaPcγσ in A. 9.1-10.190, 10.397-12.162; PaPcγU in A. 12.162-320; PaPcγ in A. 12.320-522); cf. praef. n. 30.</witness>
   </listWit>
  </witness>
 </listWit>
</witness>

<listWit>

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="HL26">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="PN392">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="RP149">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

<witness>

<listWit>
 <witness xml:id="EL">Ellesmere, Huntingdon Library 26.C.9</witness>
 <witness xml:id="HG">Hengwrt, National Library of Wales,
   Aberystwyth, Peniarth 392D</witness>
 <witness xml:id="RA2">Bodleian Library Rawlinson Poetic 149
   (see further <ptr target="http://www.examples.com/MSdescs#MSRP149"/>)</witness>
</listWit>

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C Elements

<witStart>

<witStart> (fragmented witness start) indicates the beginning, or resumption, of the text of a fragmentary witness. [13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.rdgPart

@wit

Member of

model.rdgPart

Contained by

textcrit: lem rdg

May contain
Empty element

Example

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <witStart/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element witStart
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.rdgPart.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <witStart> (fragmented witness start)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <witStart> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <witStart> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <witStart/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

<witStart>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <witStart/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

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C Elements

<witEnd>

<witEnd> (fragmented witness end) indicates the end, or suspension, of the text of a fragmentary witness. [13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.rdgPart

@wit

Member of

model.rdgPart

Contained by

textcrit: lem rdg

May contain
Empty element

Example

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <witEnd/>
 </rdg>
</app>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element witEnd
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.rdgPart.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <witEnd> (fragmented witness end)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <witEnd> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <witEnd> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

<witEnd>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <witEnd/>
 </rdg>
</app>

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C Elements

<lacunaStart>

<lacunaStart> (lacuna start) indicates the beginning of a lacuna in the text of a mostly complete textual witness. [13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.rdgPart

@wit

Member of

model.rdgPart

Contained by

textcrit: lem rdg

May contain
Empty element

Example

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <lacunaStart/>
 </rdg>
</app>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element lacunaStart
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.rdgPart.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <lacunaStart> (lacuna start)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <lacunaStart> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <lacunaStart> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

<lacunaStart>

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#Ha4">Ex<g ref="#per"/>
  <lacunaStart/>
 </rdg>
</app>

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C Elements

<lacunaEnd>

<lacunaEnd> (lacuna end) indicates the end of a lacuna in a mostly complete textual witness. [13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.rdgPart

@wit

Member of

model.rdgPart

Contained by

textcrit: lem rdg

May contain
Empty element

Example

<rdg wit="#X">
 <lacunaEnd/>auctorite
</rdg>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element lacunaEnd
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.rdgPart.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <lacunaEnd> (lacuna end)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <lacunaEnd> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <lacunaEnd> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2">auctorite</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#X">
  <lacunaEnd/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses

<app>
 <lem wit="#El #Hg">Auctoritee</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La #Ra2 #X">
  <lacunaEnd wit="#X"/>auctorite</rdg>
</app>

<lacunaEnd>

<rdg wit="#X">
 <lacunaEnd/>auctorite
</rdg>

<lacunaEnd>

<rdg wit="#fr_X">
 <lacunaEnd/>auctorite
</rdg>

<lacunaEnd>

<rdg wit="#X">
 <lacunaEnd/>傀
</rdg>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<variantEncoding>

<variantEncoding> (variant encoding) declares the method used to encode text-critical variants. [13.1.1. The Apparatus Entry]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

method method⚓︎
indicates which method is used to encode the apparatus of variants.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

location-referenced

apparatus uses line numbers or other canonical reference scheme referenced in a base text.

double-end-point

apparatus indicates the precise locations of the beginning and ending of each lemma relative to a base text.

parallel-segmentation

alternate readings of a passage are given in parallel in the text; no notion of a base text is necessary.

Note

The value ‘parallel-segmentation’ requires in-line encoding of the apparatus.

location location⚓︎
indicates whether the apparatus appears within the running text or external to it.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:variantEncoding">
<sch:report test="@location eq 'external' and @method eq 'parallel-segmentation'"> The @location value "external" is inconsistent with the
parallel-segmentation method of apparatus markup.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Legal values are:

internal

apparatus appears within the running text.

external

apparatus appears outside the base text.

Note

The value ‘external’ is inconsistent with the parallel-segmentation method of apparatus markup.

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

May contain
Empty element

Example

<variantEncoding method="location-referenced"
 location="external"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element variantEncoding
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute method
   {
      "location-referenced" | "double-end-point" | "parallel-segmentation"
   },
   attribute location { "internal" | "external" },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <variantEncoding> (variant encoding)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <variantEncoding> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <variantEncoding> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

13. Critical Apparatus

13. Critical Apparatus

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<variantEncoding method="location-referenced"
 location="external"/>

13.2.1. The Location-referenced Method

<variantEncoding method="location-referenced"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">Experience
<app>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
though noon Auctoritee</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="external"/>
<!-- ... -->
<div n="WBP" type="prologue">
 <head>The Prologe ... </head>
 <l n="1" xml:id="WBP.1">Experience<anchor xml:id="WBP-A2"/> though noon Auctoritee</l>
 <l>Were in this world ...</l>
</div>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1" xml:id="wbp.1">Experience
<app from="#wbp.1">
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app>
though noon Auctoritee</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

13.2.3. The Parallel Segmentation Method

<variantEncoding method="parallel-segmentation"
 location="internal"/>
<!-- ... -->
<l n="1">
 <app>
  <lem wit="#El #Hg">Experience</lem>
  <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
 </app> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<l>Were in this world ...</l>

<variantEncoding>

<variantEncoding method="location-referenced"
 location="external"/>

<variantEncoding>

<variantEncoding method="location-referenced"
 location="external"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<orgName>

<orgName> (organization name) contains an organizational name. [14.2.2. Organizational Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.nameLike.agent

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp respStmt rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose setting

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

About a year back, a question of considerable interest was agitated in the <orgName key="PAS1" type="voluntary">
 <placeName key="PEN">Pennsyla.</placeName> Abolition Society
</orgName> [...]

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element orgName
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <orgName> (organization name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <orgName> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <orgName> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

2. The TEI Header

2.2.6. The Notes Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>…</title>
 <respStmt>
  <persName>Mark Cohen</persName>
  <resp>historical commentary</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <orgName>University of Toronto</orgName>
  <resp>OCR scanning</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<author>

<author>British Broadcasting Corporation</author>
<author>La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de (1634–1693)</author>
<author>Anonymous</author>
<author>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</author>
<author>
 <persName>Beaumont, Francis</persName>
and
<persName>John Fletcher</persName>
</author>
<author>
 <orgName key="BBC">British Broadcasting
   Corporation</orgName>: Radio 3 Network
</author>

<author>

<author>La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de (1634–1693)</author>
<author>Anonyme</author>
<author>Erckmann-Chatrian</author>
<author>
 <orgName key="ARTE">Association relative à la télévision européenne</orgName>
</author>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">US</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">6885550</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.uspto.gov/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-04-26">April 26, 2005</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information

<biblStruct type="patent"
 status="publication">
 <monogr>
  <authority>
   <orgName type="national">EP</orgName>
  </authority>
  <idno type="docNumber">1558513</idno>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">A1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2005-08-03"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <imprint>
   <classCode scheme="http://www.epo.org/">B1</classCode>
   <date type="publicationDate"
    when="2009-09-09"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded on a Sony TR444 walkman by unknown participants; remastered
     to digital tape at <placeName>Borehamwood Studios</placeName> by
  <orgName>Transcription Services Inc</orgName>.</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <p>
  <orgName>Harmonia Mundi</orgName> S.A., enregistré à <placeName>Boughton Aluph Saints
     Church</placeName>, <date>septembre 1977</date>.</p>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>以Sony TR444 walkman錄成，參與者不明；<orgName>中國廣播公司</orgName>在<placeName>中廣電台</placeName>以數位磁帶重製。</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.2. Organizational Names

About a year back, a question of considerable interest
was agitated in the <orgName type="voluntary"
 ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PAS1">Pennsyla. Abolition
Society</orgName>

14.2.2. Organizational Names

Mr Frost will be able to earn an
extra fee from <orgName type="acronym">BSkyB</orgName> rather than the
<orgName type="acronym">BBC</orgName>

14.2.2. Organizational Names

The feeling in
<country>Canada</country> is one of strong aversion to the <orgName type="phrase">United States Government</orgName>,
and of predilection for self-government under the
<orgName type="phrase">English Crown</orgName>

14.2.2. Organizational Names

<orgName>The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu</orgName>

14.2.2. Organizational Names

<orgName type="partnerNames">
 <surname>Ernst</surname> &amp; <surname>Young</surname>
</orgName>

14.2.2. Organizational Names

A spokesman from <orgName type="regional">
 <orgName>IBM</orgName>
 <country>UK</country>
</orgName> said ...

14.2.2. Organizational Names

THE TICKET which you will
receive herewith has been formed by the <orgName>Democratic Whig <name type="role">party</name>
</orgName> after the most careful deliberation, with a reference to all the great objects of NATIONAL, STATE, COUNTY and
CITY concern, and with a single eye to the <hi>Welfare and Best Interests of the Community</hi>.

14.2.2. Organizational Names

<orgName>
 <orgName>Department of Modern History</orgName>
 <orgName>
  <name type="city">Glasgow</name>
  <name type="role">University</name>
 </orgName>
</orgName>

<orgName>

About a year back, a question of considerable interest was agitated in the <orgName key="PAS1" type="voluntary">
 <placeName key="PEN">Pennsyla.</placeName> Abolition Society
</orgName> [...]

<orgName>

<orgName key="ssav" type="regional">Société savoisienne de <placeName key="GRE">Grenoble</placeName>
</orgName>

<orgName>

大約一年前，在<placeName key="PEN">賓州</placeName>的<orgName key="PAS1" type="voluntary">廢止黑奴協會</orgName>，有一場轟動的激辯。

14.2.5. Object Names

<p>The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#AlfredJewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.</p>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<org xml:id="fab4">
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName from="1960-08">The Beatles</orgName>
</org>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<org xml:id="FAB4">
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<org xml:id="OUCS">
 <orgName>Oxford University Computing Services</orgName>
 <org xml:id="OUCSisg">
  <orgName>Information and Support Group</orgName>
 </org>
 <org xml:id="OUCSig">
  <orgName>Infrastructure Group</orgName>
  <org xml:id="OUCSig.nt">
   <orgName>Networking Team</orgName>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="OUCSig.sdt">
   <orgName>System Development Team</orgName>
  </org>
 </org>
 <org xml:id="OUCSltg">
  <orgName>Learning Technologies Group</orgName>
 </org>
</org>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<p>The TEI institutional hosts are: <listOrg>
  <org xml:id="bu">
   <orgName>Brown University</orgName>
   <desc>The host contribution is made jointly by the <name type="project">Brown University Women Writers
         Project</name> and the <orgName>Brown University Library's Center for Digital Initiatives</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="na">
   <orgName>Nancy</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by a group of institutions located in Nancy, France, coordinated by
   <orgName>Loria</orgName> and also including <orgName>ATILF</orgName> and <orgName>INIST</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="ou">
   <orgName>Oxford University</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by the <orgName>Research Technologies Service</orgName> at <orgName>Oxford University
         Computing Services</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="uv">
   <orgName>University of Virginia</orgName>
   <desc>Virginia's host support comes jointly from the <orgName>Institute for Advanced Technology in the
         Humanities</orgName> and the <orgName>University of Virginia Library</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
 </listOrg>
</p>

<affiliation>

<affiliation notAfter="1960-01-01"
 notBefore="1957-02-28">Paid up member of the
<orgName>Australian Journalists Association</orgName>
</affiliation>

<affiliation>

<affiliation>associé étranger de <name type="org">l'Académie des Inscriptions et
   Belles-Lettres</name>
</affiliation>
<affiliation notAfter="1960-01-01"
 notBefore="1957-02-28">Chargé de cours, puis professeur
d’archéologie (1949-1981) et doyen (1958-1961) <orgName>à la Faculté des lettres
   d’Ankara</orgName>.</affiliation>

<affiliation>

<affiliation>
 <name type="org">國際獅子會</name>台灣區理監事

</affiliation>
<affiliation notAfter="1960-01-01"
 notBefore="1957-02-28">
 <orgName>澳洲記者協會</orgName>的付費會員
</affiliation>

<listOrg>

<listOrg>
 <head>Libyans</head>
 <org>
  <orgName>Adyrmachidae</orgName>
  <desc>These people have, in most points, the same customs as the Egyptians, but
     use the costume of the Libyans. Their women wear on each leg a ring made of
     bronze [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Nasamonians</orgName>
  <desc>In summer they leave their flocks and herds upon the sea-shore, and go up
     the country to a place called Augila, where they gather the dates from the
     palms [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Garamantians</orgName>
  <desc>[...] avoid all society or intercourse with their fellow-men, have no
     weapon of war, and do not know how to defend themselves. [...]</desc>
<!-- ... -->
 </org>
</listOrg>

<org>

<org xml:id="JAMs">
 <orgName>Justified Ancients of Mummu</orgName>
 <desc>An underground anarchist collective spearheaded by
 <persName>Hagbard Celine</persName>, who fight the Illuminati
   from a golden submarine, the <name>Leif Ericson</name>
 </desc>
 <bibl>
  <author>Robert Shea</author>
  <author>Robert Anton Wilson</author>
  <title>The Illuminatus! Trilogy</title>
 </bibl>
</org>

<state>

<org>
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
 <listEvent>
  <event when="1713"
   ref="https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832/2">
   <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
<!-- The following example presupposes that the editors of the TEI document decided to understand legislation or a treaty as an <gi>event</gi>, which itself may be considered a shortcut for several events that led up to the existence or validity of the law or treaty (e.g. the signing of a treaty could also be modeled as an event, and the result on paper could be encoded as an <gi>object</gi> or <gi>bibl</gi>). -->
   <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay Company</orgName> territories in
   <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>, <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and
       recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
       North American possessions, including
   <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName>
       (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward Island</placeName>)...</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
   <label>Quebec Act</label>
   <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith and restored use of the
       French Civil Code for private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been expanded in territory
       following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
   <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
   <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty
       between the newly formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this case, the
   <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<objectName>

<p>
The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#AlfredJewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<persName>

<persName> (personal name) contains a proper noun or proper-noun phrase referring to a person, possibly including one or more of the person's forenames, surnames, honorifics, added names, etc. [14.2.1. Personal Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.nameLike.agent model.persStateLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp respStmt rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose setting

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element persName
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <persName> (personal name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <persName> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <persName> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

att.scoping

Elizabeth went to <persName xml:id="ESSEX">Essex</persName>
<certainty target="#ESSEX" locus="name"
 degree="0.6"/>

2. The TEI Header

2.2.6. The Notes Statement

<titleStmt>
 <title>…</title>
 <respStmt>
  <persName>Mark Cohen</persName>
  <resp>historical commentary</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt>
  <orgName>University of Toronto</orgName>
  <resp>OCR scanning</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspContext>
 <ref type="prev" target="#CLF0102">Previous letter of <persName>Chamisso</persName> to <persName>de La
     Foye</persName>: <date when="1807-01-16">16 January 1807</date>
 </ref>
 <ref type="next" target="#CLF0104">Next letter of <persName>Chamisso</persName> to <persName>de La Foye</persName>:
 <date when="1810-05-07">07 May 1810</date>
 </ref>
</correspContext>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>Adelbert von Chamisso</persName>
 <placeName>Vertus</placeName>
 <date when="1807-01-29"/>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received">
 <persName>Louis de La Foye</persName>
 <placeName>Caen</placeName>
 <date>unknown</date>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="received">
 <persName>Hermann Hesse</persName>
 <persName>Ninon Hesse</persName>
 <placeName>Montagnola</placeName>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>PN0001</persName>
 <date when="1999-06-02"/>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="to">
 <persName>PN0002</persName>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="to">
 <persName>PN0003</persName>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received" subtype="cc">
 <persName>PN0004</persName>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspDesc xml:id="message1">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>John Gneisenau Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName xml:id="JTH">Julius Temple House</persName>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>
<correspDesc xml:id="message2">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Enid Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName sameAs="#JTH"/>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>

<correspDesc>

<correspDesc>
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
  <settlement>Dresden</settlement>
  <date when="1817-06-23">23 June 1817</date>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>
  <settlement>Prag</settlement>
 </correspAction>
 <correspContext>
  <ref type="prev"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041209">Previous letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
     to <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date from="1817-06-19" to="1817-06-20">June 19/20, 1817</date>
  </ref>
  <ref type="next"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041217">Next letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date when="1817-06-27">June 27, 1817</date>
  </ref>
 </correspContext>
</correspDesc>

<correspAction>

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>Adelbert von Chamisso</persName>
 <settlement>Vertus</settlement>
 <date when="1807-01-29"/>
</correspAction>

<correspContext>

<correspContext>
 <ref type="prev"
  target="http://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A040962"> Previous letter of
 <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
 <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
 <date when="1816-12-30">December 30, 1816</date>
 </ref>
 <ref type="next"
  target="http://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041003"> Next letter of
 <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
 <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
 <date when="1817-01-05">January 5, 1817</date>
 </ref>
</correspContext>

2.6. The Revision Description

<titleStmt>
 <title>The Amorous Prince, or, the Curious Husband, 1671</title>
 <author>
  <persName ref="#abehn.aeh">Behn, Aphra</persName>
 </author>
 <respStmt xml:id="pcaton.xzc">
  <persName>Caton, Paul</persName>
  <resp>electronic publication editor</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="wgui.ner">
  <persName>Gui, Weihsin</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
 <respStmt xml:id="jwernimo.lrv">
  <persName>Wernimont, Jacqueline</persName>
  <resp>encoder</resp>
 </respStmt>
</titleStmt>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said who="#Ado" toWhom="#Alb">— Alors, Albert, quoi de neuf?</said>
<said who="#Alb" toWhom="#Ado">— Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said who="#Rob">— Il fait beau,</said> dit Robert.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document -->
<standOff>
 <listPerson type="speakers">
  <person xml:id="Ado">
   <persName>Adolphe</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Alb">
   <persName>Albert</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Rob">
   <persName>Robert</persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<respStmt>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
 <persName from="1994-02" to="1994-05">Ashley Cross</persName>
 <persName from="1994-06" to="1994-10">Loren Noveck</persName>
</respStmt>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<respStmt>
 <persName>Erica Dillon</persName>
 <resp when="2000-08">annotated uncredited citations</resp>
 <resp when="2001-03">encoded named entities</resp>
</respStmt>

<author>

<author>British Broadcasting Corporation</author>
<author>La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de (1634–1693)</author>
<author>Anonymous</author>
<author>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</author>
<author>
 <persName>Beaumont, Francis</persName>
and
<persName>John Fletcher</persName>
</author>
<author>
 <orgName key="BBC">British Broadcasting
   Corporation</orgName>: Radio 3 Network
</author>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>transcribed from original ms</resp>
 <persName>Claus Huitfeldt</persName>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>Nouvelle édition originale</resp>
 <persName>Geneviève Hasenohr</persName>
</respStmt>

<respStmt>

<respStmt>
 <resp>謄寫自原始手稿</resp>
 <persName>徐大明</persName>
</respStmt>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Ninth International Conference on Middle High German Textual Criticism, Aachen,
   June 1998.</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>List of Participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>Colloque international : Duras, marges et transgressions, Nancy, 1er et 2 avril
   2005</meeting>
 <list type="attendance">
  <head>liste des participants</head>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>...</persName>
  </item>
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

<meeting>

<div>
 <meeting>2007第三屆亞太藝術教育國際研討會</meeting>
 <list type="參與者">
  <head>與會者名單</head>
  <item>
   <persName>馬桂順 </persName>
  </item>
  <item>
   <persName>仲瀨律久</persName>
  </item>
<!--...-->
 </list>
 <p>...</p>
</div>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

<post>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="system">
  <persName>system</persName>
 </person>
<!-- ... -->
</listPerson>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.6. Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

<person xml:id="HOC001">
 <persName>
  <surname>Hoccleve</surname>
  <forename>Thomas</forename>
 </persName>
 <birth notBefore="1368"/>
 <occupation>poet</occupation>
<!-- other personal data -->
</person>

<origin>

<origin notBefore="1802" notAfter="1845"
 evidence="internal" resp="#AMH">Copied in <name type="origPlace">Derby</name>, probably from an
old Flemish original, between 1802 and 1845, according to <persName xml:id="AMH">Anne-Mette Hansen</persName>.
</origin>

<origin>

<origin notBefore="1802" notAfter="1845"
 evidence="internal" resp="#fr_AMH"> Copied in <name type="origPlace">Derby</name>, probably from an old Flemish original, between 1802 and
1845, according to <persName xml:id="fr_AMH">Anne-Mette Hansen</persName>.</origin>

<origin>

<origin notBefore="1802" notAfter="1845"
 evidence="internal" resp="#zh-tw_HDM">抄寫於 <name type="origPlace">印度</name>，可能源自巴利文，時間介於1802至1845年間，由<persName xml:id="zh-tw_HDM">黃大鳴</persName>提供。</origin>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.1. Personal Names

That silly man <persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DPB1">David Paul
Brown</persName> has suffered ...

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>, <forename>Franklin</forename>
 <forename>Delano</forename>
</persName>
<persName>
 <forename>Franklin</forename>
 <forename>Delano</forename>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename type="first">Franklin</forename>
 <forename type="middle">Delano</forename>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>
</persName>
<persName>
 <forename type="given">Margaret</forename>
 <forename type="unused">Hilda</forename>
 <surname type="birth">Roberts</surname>
 <surname type="married">Thatcher</surname>
</persName>
<persName type="religious">Muhammad Ali</persName>
<persName>
 <forename>Norman</forename>
 <surname type="complex">St John Stevas</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Johan</forename>
 <surname type="toponymic" ref="#dystvold">Dystvold</surname>
</persName>
<!-- ... -->
<placeName xml:id="dystvold">Dystvold</placeName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Kara</forename>
 <surname type="complex">
  <surname type="paternal">Hattersley</surname>- <surname type="maternal">Smith</surname>
 </surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename full="abb">Maggie</forename>
 <surname>Thatcher</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<s>
 <persName>
  <forename>Peter</forename>
  <surname>son of Herbert</surname>
 </persName> gives the king 40 m. for having custody of the land and heir of
<persName>
  <forename>John</forename>
  <surname>son of Hugh</surname>
 </persName>...
</s>

14.2.1. Personal Names

... but it remained for <persName>
 <forename>Snorri</forename>
 <forename>Sturluson</forename>
</persName> to combine the two traditions in cyclic form.

14.2.1. Personal Names

Even <persName>
 <forename>Finnur</forename>
 <surname>Jonsson</surname>
</persName> acknowledged the artificiality of the procedure...

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Egill</forename>
 <addName type="patronym">Skallagrmsson</addName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:pn9">
 <forename sort="2">Sergei</forename>
 <forename sort="3" type="patronym">Mikhailovic</forename>
 <surname sort="1">Uspensky</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:HEMA1">
 <surname>Marques</surname>
 <genName>Junior</genName>, <forename>Henrique</forename>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Charles</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName xml:lang="de">
 <forename>Rudolf</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
 <surname>von Habsburg</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <surname>Smith</surname>
 <genName>Minor</genName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DUDO1">
 <roleName type="honorific" full="abb">Mme</roleName>
 <nameLink>de la</nameLink>
 <surname>Rochefoucault</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Walter</forename>
 <surname>de la Mare</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PGK1">
 <roleName type="nobility">Princess</roleName>
 <forename>Grace</forename>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GRMO1"
 type="pseudo">
 <addName type="honorific">Grandma</addName>
 <surname>Moses</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:SLWICL1">
 <roleName type="office">President</roleName>
 <forename>Bill</forename>
 <surname>Clinton</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:MOGA1">
 <roleName type="military">Colonel</roleName>
 <surname>Gaddafi</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:FRTG1">
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <addName type="epithet">the Great</addName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:EGBR1">
 <roleName type="office">Governor</roleName>
 <forename sort="2">Edmund</forename>
 <forename full="init" sort="3">G.</forename>
 <addName type="nick">Jerry</addName>
 <addName type="epithet">Moonbeam</addName>
 <surname sort="1">Brown</surname>
 <genName full="abb">Jr</genName>.
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <surname>Poncet</surname>
 <forename>Olivier</forename>
 <roleName>professeur d'archivistique et diplomatique moderne</roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Joseph</forename>
 <addName type="stagename">Le Pétomane</addName>
 <surname>Pujol</surname>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Catherine</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>, <addName type="epithet"> la Grande</addName>, <roleName>impératrice de Russie</roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>夏爾</forename>
 <forename>皮耶</forename>
 <surname>波特萊爾</surname>，<roleName>
  <placeName>法國</placeName>象徵派詩人 </roleName>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>Ex-President</roleName>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname>Bush</surname>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>Ex-Président</roleName>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname>Bush</surname>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>先總統</roleName>
 <forename>中正</forename>
 <surname>蔣</surname>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <forename>Charles</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <forename>Louis</forename>
 <genName>XIV</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <surname>Louis X</surname>
 <genName type="epithet">Le Hutin</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <forename>查爾斯</forename>
 <genName>二世</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <surname>彼特</surname>
 <genName>小的</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <surname>Pitt</surname>
 <genName>the Younger</genName>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <nameLink>van der</nameLink>
 <surname>Tronck</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <nameLink>van der</nameLink>
 <surname>Tronck</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Alfred</forename>
 <nameLink>de</nameLink>
 <surname>Musset</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Alfred</forename>
 <nameLink>de</nameLink>
 <surname>Musset</surname>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <addName type="epithet">the Great</addName>
 <roleName>Emperor of Prussia</roleName>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>Catherine</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>, <addName type="epithet"> la
   Grande</addName>, <roleName>impératrice de Russie</roleName>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>政</forename>
 <surname>嬴</surname>
 <addName type="epithet">趙政</addName>
 <roleName>秦始皇</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>William</forename>
 <surname>Poulteny</surname>
 <roleName>Earl of Bath</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>Joachim</forename>
 <surname>Murat</surname>, <roleName>roi de Naples</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>溥儀</forename>
 <surname>愛新覺羅</surname>
 <roleName>滿清末代皇帝</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<p>
 <persName ref="#NJF">
  <roleName role="solicitor_general">Solicitor General</roleName> Noel J. Francisco</persName>,
representing the administration, asserted in rebuttal that there was nothing to disavow (...)
<persName ref="#NJF">Francisco</persName> had violated the scrupulous standard of candor about the facts and
the law that <roleName role="solicitor_general">S.G.s</roleName>, in Republican and Democratic administrations
alike, have repeatedly said they must honor.
</p>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.2. The Person Element

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>Miss Major</forename>
  <surname>Griffin-Gracy</surname>
 </persName>
 <birth when="1940-10-25"/>
 <gender value="transWoman"
  evidence="selfIdentification">trans woman</gender>
 <persPronouns value="she"
  evidence="selfIdentification"/>
 <note>
  <p>Veteran of the Stonewall Riots. Founder of the
     Griffin-Gracy Educational Retreat and Historical
     Center (the House of GG). Activist and advocate for
     transgender and gender-nonconforming people of
     color.</p>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person xml:id="ArnMag">
 <persName xml:lang="is">Árni Magnússon</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="da">Arne Magnusson</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Arnas Magnæus</persName>
</person>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person xml:id="simon_son_of_richard2">
 <persName>Simon, son of Richard</persName>
 <residence>
  <placeName>
   <region>Essex</region>
  </placeName>
 </residence>
 <floruit notBefore="1219" notAfter="1223">1219-1223</floruit>
</person>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="DB">
 <persName notAfter="1966">David Jones</persName>
 <persName notBefore="1966">David Bowie</persName>
</person>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<org xml:id="FAB4">
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="Atl" type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<floruit>

<person>
 <persName>François Villon</persName>
 <floruit notBefore="1457" notAfter="1463"/>
</person>

<location>

<place type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<org>

<org xml:id="JAMs">
 <orgName>Justified Ancients of Mummu</orgName>
 <desc>An underground anarchist collective spearheaded by
 <persName>Hagbard Celine</persName>, who fight the Illuminati
   from a golden submarine, the <name>Leif Ericson</name>
 </desc>
 <bibl>
  <author>Robert Shea</author>
  <author>Robert Anton Wilson</author>
  <title>The Illuminatus! Trilogy</title>
 </bibl>
</org>

<person>

<person sex="intersex" role="god"
 age="immortal">
 <persName>Hermaphroditos</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="grc">Ἑρμαφρόδιτος</persName>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="fr_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italie</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Roumanie</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="zh-tw_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="zh-TW">奧維德</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 西元前43年3月20日<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">義大利</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">西元後17或18年<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">羅馬尼亞</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="Ovi01" sex="M" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italy</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Romania</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="ariel" gender="U">
 <persName>Ariel</persName>
 <note>Character in <title level="m">The Tempest</title>.</note>
</person>

<person>

<person age="G2" role="author"
 xml:id="W0212" sex="F">
 <birth when="1787"/>
 <death when="1855"/>
 <persName type="main">Mitford, Mary Russell (1787–1855)</persName>
 <persName resp="#Nicoll">MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL</persName>
 <listBibl type="lacyTitles">
  <desc>Lacy's Acting Editions</desc>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1280">Foscari</ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1337">Rienzi</ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
 <listRef type="seeAlso">
  <ref target="https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1386">ATCL</ref>
  <ref target="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18859">ODNB</ref>
  <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford">Wikipedia</ref>
  <ref target="https://digitalmitford.org">Digital Mitford</ref>
 </listRef>
</person>

<persona>

<person sex="M" age="adult">
 <persona sex="M">
  <persName>Dr Henry Jekyll</persName>
 </persona>
 <persona sex="M" age="youth">
  <persName>Edward Hyde</persName>
 </persona>
</person>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

<persPronouns>

<docAuthor>
 <persName>Lal Zimman</persName>
 <persPronouns value="he">(he/him/his)</persPronouns>
 <ref target="#Name">(FAQ)</ref>
 <persName type="IPA">[lɑɫ ˈzimn̩]</persName>
 <email>zimman at ucsb dot edu</email>
 <roleName>Assistant Professor of Linguistics</roleName>
 <roleName>Affiliated Faculty in Feminist Studies</roleName>
 <address>
  <addrLine>South Hall 3518</addrLine>
  <addrLine>University of California, Santa Barbara</addrLine>
 </address>
</docAuthor>

<state>

<org>
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<forename nymRef="#N123" ref="#BLT">Tony</forename>
<!-- ... -->
<person xml:id="BLT">
 <persName>Tony Blair</persName>
 <occupation>politician</occupation>
</person>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

<annotation>

<annotation xml:id="ann1"
 motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#lifecycle-information and https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#agents -->
 <respStmt xml:id="fred">
  <resp>creator</resp>
  <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
 </respStmt>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change status="created"
   when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#fred"/>
  <change status="modified"
   when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#fred"/>
 </revisionDesc>
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#rights-information -->
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Multiple bodies -->
<!-- Pointers to sections of text in the same document -->
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
</annotation>

att.global.linking

<!-- In a placeography called "places.xml" --><place xml:id="LOND1"
 corresp="people.xml#LOND2 people.xml#GENI1">
 <placeName>London</placeName>
 <desc>The city of London...</desc>
</place>
<!-- In a literary personography called "people.xml" -->
<person xml:id="LOND2"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #GENI1">
 <persName type="lit">London</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Allegorical character representing the city of <placeName ref="places.xml#LOND1">London</placeName>.</p>
 </note>
</person>
<person xml:id="GENI1"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #LOND2">
 <persName type="lit">London’s Genius</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Personification of London’s genius. Appears as an
     allegorical character in mayoral shows.
  </p>
 </note>
</person>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName>Essex</placeName>. She had always liked <placeName>Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM">It is not
clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. -MSM</note>

22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName xml:id="CE-p1a">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-p1b">Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM"
 target="#CE-p1a #CE-p1b">It
is not clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. If the latter,
it should be tagged as a personal name. -<name xml:id="MSM">Michael</name>
</note>

22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions

Ernest went to <anchor xml:id="CE-a1"/> old <persName xml:id="CE-p2">Saybrook</persName>.

<certainty xml:id="cert1" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#CE-p2" locus="start"
 given="#cert1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert2" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="name" assertedValue="placeName" degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#CE-p2" locus="start"
 given="#cert2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert3" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#CE-a1" given="#cert1"
 degree="0.1"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert4" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#CE-a1" given="#cert2"
 degree="0.5"/>

22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions

Ernest went to old <persName>Saybrook</persName>. (0.6 * 0.9, or 0.54)
Ernest went to old <placeName>Saybrook</placeName>. (0.4 * 0.5, or 0.20)
Ernest went to <placeName>old Saybrook</placeName>. (0.4 * 0.5, or 0.20)

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<persName resp="#LB">Essex
<certainty match="@resp" locus="value"
  degree="0.2"/>
</persName>

<certainty>

Ernest went to <anchor xml:id="A1"/> old
<persName xml:id="SYB">Saybrook</persName>.

<certainty xml:id="c1" target="#SYB"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 given="#c1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="C-c2" target="#SYB"
 locus="name" assertedValue="persName" degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 given="#C-c2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 assertedValue="#a1" given="#c1" degree="0.5"/>

<certainty>

Ernest est allé au <anchor xml:id="fr_A1"/> vieux
<persName xml:id="fr_SYB">Saybrook</persName>.
<certainty xml:id="fr_c1" target="#fr_SYB"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#fr_SYB" locus="start"
 given="#c1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="fr_C-c2"
 target="#fr_SYB" locus="name" assertedValue="persName"
 degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#fr_SYB" locus="start"
 given="#C-c2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty target="#fr_SYB" locus="start"
 assertedValue="#a1" given="#c1" degree="0.5"/>

<certainty>

張先生去看<persName xml:id="zh-tw_JZZ">江子翠</persName>那邊有什麼活動。

<certainty target="#zh-tw_JZZ" locus="name"
 degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_JZZ" locus="name"
 assertedValue="placeName" degree="0.4"/>

<certainty>

王先生找到<anchor xml:id="zh-tw_A1"/>小<persName xml:id="zh-tw_lin">林</persName>，感動極了。

<certainty xml:id="zh-tw_c1"
 target="#zh-tw_lin" locus="name" degree="0.8"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_lin" given="#c1"
 locus="start" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="zh-tw_c2"
 target="#zh-tw_lin" locus="name" assertedValue="placeName"
 degree="0.2"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_lin" given="#c2"
 locus="start" degree="0.1"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_lin" given="#c2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#a1" degree="0.9"/>

22.3. Attribution of Responsibility

Ernest went to old
<persName xml:id="CE-p5" rend="it">Saybrook</persName>.

<!-- ... -->
<respons target="#CE-p5" locus="value"
 resp="#RC"/>
<respons target="#CE-p5"
 locus="name location" resp="#PMWR"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="PMWR"/>
 <item xml:id="RC"/>
</list>

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<surname>

<surname> (surname) contains a family (inherited) name, as opposed to a given, baptismal, or nick name. [14.2.1. Personal Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.persNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<surname type="combine">St John Stevas</surname>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element surname
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <surname> (surname)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <surname> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <surname> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl type="article"
 subtype="magazine_article" xml:id="beaupaire_1911">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Beaupaire</surname>
     (<forename>Edmond</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">A propos de la rue de la Femme-sans-Tête</title>,
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="j">La Cité</title>,
 <date when="1911-01">janvier 1911</date>, pp. <biblScope unit="page" from="5" to="17">5-17</biblScope>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<bibl>

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.6. Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

<person xml:id="HOC001">
 <persName>
  <surname>Hoccleve</surname>
  <forename>Thomas</forename>
 </persName>
 <birth notBefore="1368"/>
 <occupation>poet</occupation>
<!-- other personal data -->
</person>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

<msItem>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <surname>Longus</surname>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Les amours pastorales de Daphnis et Chloé</titlePart>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>[Jacques Quillau]</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1718">1718</docDate>
  <note>in-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire réglé.</note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30831232s">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>, <forename>Franklin</forename>
 <forename>Delano</forename>
</persName>
<persName>
 <forename>Franklin</forename>
 <forename>Delano</forename>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename type="first">Franklin</forename>
 <forename type="middle">Delano</forename>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>
</persName>
<persName>
 <forename type="given">Margaret</forename>
 <forename type="unused">Hilda</forename>
 <surname type="birth">Roberts</surname>
 <surname type="married">Thatcher</surname>
</persName>
<persName type="religious">Muhammad Ali</persName>
<persName>
 <forename>Norman</forename>
 <surname type="complex">St John Stevas</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Johan</forename>
 <surname type="toponymic" ref="#dystvold">Dystvold</surname>
</persName>
<!-- ... -->
<placeName xml:id="dystvold">Dystvold</placeName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Kara</forename>
 <surname type="complex">
  <surname type="paternal">Hattersley</surname>- <surname type="maternal">Smith</surname>
 </surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename full="abb">Maggie</forename>
 <surname>Thatcher</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<s>
 <persName>
  <forename>Peter</forename>
  <surname>son of Herbert</surname>
 </persName> gives the king 40 m. for having custody of the land and heir of
<persName>
  <forename>John</forename>
  <surname>son of Hugh</surname>
 </persName>...
</s>

14.2.1. Personal Names

Even <persName>
 <forename>Finnur</forename>
 <surname>Jonsson</surname>
</persName> acknowledged the artificiality of the procedure...

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:pn9">
 <forename sort="2">Sergei</forename>
 <forename sort="3" type="patronym">Mikhailovic</forename>
 <surname sort="1">Uspensky</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:HEMA1">
 <surname>Marques</surname>
 <genName>Junior</genName>, <forename>Henrique</forename>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName xml:lang="de">
 <forename>Rudolf</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
 <surname>von Habsburg</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <surname>Smith</surname>
 <genName>Minor</genName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DUDO1">
 <roleName type="honorific" full="abb">Mme</roleName>
 <nameLink>de la</nameLink>
 <surname>Rochefoucault</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Walter</forename>
 <surname>de la Mare</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GRMO1"
 type="pseudo">
 <addName type="honorific">Grandma</addName>
 <surname>Moses</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:SLWICL1">
 <roleName type="office">President</roleName>
 <forename>Bill</forename>
 <surname>Clinton</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:MOGA1">
 <roleName type="military">Colonel</roleName>
 <surname>Gaddafi</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:EGBR1">
 <roleName type="office">Governor</roleName>
 <forename sort="2">Edmund</forename>
 <forename full="init" sort="3">G.</forename>
 <addName type="nick">Jerry</addName>
 <addName type="epithet">Moonbeam</addName>
 <surname sort="1">Brown</surname>
 <genName full="abb">Jr</genName>.
</persName>

14.2.2. Organizational Names

<orgName type="partnerNames">
 <surname>Ernst</surname> &amp; <surname>Young</surname>
</orgName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <surname>Poncet</surname>
 <forename>Olivier</forename>
 <roleName>professeur d'archivistique et diplomatique moderne</roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Joseph</forename>
 <addName type="stagename">Le Pétomane</addName>
 <surname>Pujol</surname>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>夏爾</forename>
 <forename>皮耶</forename>
 <surname>波特萊爾</surname>，<roleName>
  <placeName>法國</placeName>象徵派詩人 </roleName>
</persName>

<surname>

<surname type="combine">St John Stevas</surname>

<surname>

<surname type="combine">Sidonie Gabrielle Colette</surname>

<surname>

<surname type="combine">歐陽</surname>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>Ex-President</roleName>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname>Bush</surname>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>Ex-Président</roleName>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname>Bush</surname>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>先總統</roleName>
 <forename>中正</forename>
 <surname>蔣</surname>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <surname>Louis X</surname>
 <genName type="epithet">Le Hutin</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <surname>彼特</surname>
 <genName>小的</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <surname>Pitt</surname>
 <genName>the Younger</genName>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <nameLink>van der</nameLink>
 <surname>Tronck</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <nameLink>van der</nameLink>
 <surname>Tronck</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Alfred</forename>
 <nameLink>de</nameLink>
 <surname>Musset</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Alfred</forename>
 <nameLink>de</nameLink>
 <surname>Musset</surname>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>政</forename>
 <surname>嬴</surname>
 <addName type="epithet">趙政</addName>
 <roleName>秦始皇</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>William</forename>
 <surname>Poulteny</surname>
 <roleName>Earl of Bath</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>Joachim</forename>
 <surname>Murat</surname>, <roleName>roi de Naples</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>溥儀</forename>
 <surname>愛新覺羅</surname>
 <roleName>滿清末代皇帝</roleName>
</persName>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>Miss Major</forename>
  <surname>Griffin-Gracy</surname>
 </persName>
 <birth when="1940-10-25"/>
 <gender value="transWoman"
  evidence="selfIdentification">trans woman</gender>
 <persPronouns value="she"
  evidence="selfIdentification"/>
 <note>
  <p>Veteran of the Stonewall Riots. Founder of the
     Griffin-Gracy Educational Retreat and Historical
     Center (the House of GG). Activist and advocate for
     transgender and gender-nonconforming people of
     color.</p>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<forename>

<forename> (forename) contains a forename, given or baptismal name. [14.2.1. Personal Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.persNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<persName>
 <roleName>Ex-President</roleName>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname>Bush</surname>
</persName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element forename
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <forename> (forename)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <forename> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <forename> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Edward</forename>
    <forename full="init">R.</forename>
    <surname>Tufte</surname>
   </persName>
   <idno type="scopus">6506403994</idno>
   <idno type="lcaf">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50012763.html</idno>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Envisioning Information</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>Cheshire, Conn.</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Graphics Press</publisher>
   <date when="1990"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References

<listBibl>    <head>Bibliography</head>    <biblStruct xml:id="NELSON80">       <analytic>         <author>           <persName>             <surname>Nelson</surname>             <forename>Theodore</forename>             <forename>Holm</forename>           </persName>         </author>         <title level="a">Replacing the printed word:              a complete literary system</title>       </analytic>       <monogr>          <title level="m">Information Processing '80:  Proceedings of the IFIPS              Congress, October 1980</title>          <editor>            <persName>              <forename>Simon</forename>              <forename>H.</forename>              <surname>Lavington</surname>            </persName>          </editor>          <imprint>             <publisher>North-Holland</publisher>             <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>             <date when="1980"/>          </imprint>          <biblScope unit="page" from="1013"
 to="1023">1013–23</biblScope>       </monogr>       <note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of            <title level="m">Literary Machines</title>.</note>    </biblStruct>      <bibl xml:id="NELSON88"><author><persName><forename>Ted</forename> <surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author>:  <title level="u">Literary Machines</title> (privately published,  <date when="1987">1987</date>).</bibl>      <bibl xml:id="BAXTER88"><author><persName><surname>Baxter</surname>,  <forename>Glen</forename></persName></author>: <title level="m">Glen Baxter His Life: the years of struggle</title>  <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Thames and Hudson</publisher>,  <date when="1988">1988</date>.</bibl> </listBibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl type="article"
 subtype="magazine_article" xml:id="beaupaire_1911">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Beaupaire</surname>
     (<forename>Edmond</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">A propos de la rue de la Femme-sans-Tête</title>,
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="j">La Cité</title>,
 <date when="1911-01">janvier 1911</date>, pp. <biblScope unit="page" from="5" to="17">5-17</biblScope>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Thaller</surname>
    <forename>Manfred</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">A Draft Proposal for a Standard for the
     Coding of Machine Readable Sources</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Historical Social Research</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1986-10">October 1986</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="46">3-46</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <monogr>
  <title level="m">Modelling Historical Data:
     Towards a Standard for Encoding and
     Exchanging Machine-Readable Texts</title>
  <editor>
   <persName>
    <forename>Daniel</forename>
    <forename full="init">I.</forename>
    <surname>Greenstein</surname>
   </persName>
  </editor>
  <imprint xml:lang="de">
   <pubPlace>St. Katharinen</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte
       In Kommission bei
       Scripta Mercaturae Verlag</publisher>
   <date when="1991"/>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series xml:lang="de">
  <title level="s">Halbgraue Reihe
     zur Historischen Fachinformatik</title>
  <respStmt>
   <resp>Herausgegeben von</resp>
   <name type="person">Manfred Thaller</name>
   <name type="org">Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</name>
  </respStmt>
  <title level="s">Serie A: Historische Quellenkunden</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>James</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Coombs</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Allen</forename>
   <surname>Renear</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Steven</forename>
   <forename>J.</forename>
   <surname>DeRose</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Markup Systems and The Future of Scholarly Text
     Processing</title>
  <idno type="DOI">10.1145/32206.32209</idno>
  <ref target="http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/coombs.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">Communications of the ACM</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1987</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">30</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">933–947</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels

<bibl xml:id="NELSON_80">
 <author>
  <persName>
   <surname>Nelson</surname>,
  <forename>T.</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
  </persName>
 </author>
 <date when="1980">1980</date>.
<title level="a">Replacing the printed word: a complete literary
   system</title>. In <title level="m">Information Processing '80: Proceedings of the
   IFIPS Congress, October 1980</title>,
ed.
<editor>
  <persName>
   <forename>Simon</forename>
   <forename>H.</forename>
   <surname>Lavington</surname>
  </persName>
 </editor>,
<biblScope unit="page">1013-23</biblScope>.
<pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>: <publisher>North-
   Holland</publisher>. (<note>Apparently a draft of section 4 of
 <ref target="#NELSON_88">
   <title level="m">Literary
       Machines</title>
  </ref>.</note>)

</bibl>

<monogr>

<biblStruct type="book">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Leo Joachim</forename>
    <surname>Frachtenberg</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title type="main" level="m">Lower Umpqua Texts</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Columbia University Press</publisher>
   <date>1914</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title type="main" level="s">Columbia University Contributions to
     Anthropology</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author ref="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2001067434">
   <persName>
    <forename>Lucy</forename>
    <forename>Allen</forename>
    <surname>Paton</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title>Notes on Manuscripts of the
  <title level="m" xml:lang="fr">Prophécies de Merlin</title>
  </title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">PMLA</title>
  <imprint>
   <date>1913</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">122</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.3. Document Identifiers

<biblStruct>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <forename>John</forename>
   <surname>Downame</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="short">Foure treatises tending to disswade all Christians from foure no lesse hainous then common sinnes</title>
  <idno type="stc2ndEd">7141</idno>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>At London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Imprinted by Felix Kyngston, for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Greyhound</publisher>
   <date when="1609">1609</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Wrigley</surname>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Parish registers and the historian</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">D.</forename>
    <forename full="init">J.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steel</surname>
    <forename full="init">A.</forename>
    <forename full="init">E.</forename>
    <forename full="init">F.</forename>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">General sources of births, marriages and deaths before 1837</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Society of Genealogists</publisher>
   <date when="1968"/>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="page" from="155" to="167">155–167</biblScope>
 </monogr>
 <series>
  <title level="s">National index of parish registers</title>
  <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
 </series>
</biblStruct>

<bibl>

<bibl type="article" subtype="book_chapter"
 xml:id="carlin_2003">
 <author>
  <name>
   <surname>Carlin</surname>
     (<forename>Claire</forename>)</name>
 </author>,
<title level="a">The Staging of Impotence : France’s last
   congrès</title> dans
<bibl type="monogr">
  <title level="m">Theatrum mundi : studies in honor of Ronald W.
     Tobin</title>, éd.
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Claire</forename>
    <surname>Carlin</surname>
   </name>
  </editor> et
 <editor>
   <name>
    <forename>Kathleen</forename>
    <surname>Wine</surname>
   </name>
  </editor>,
 <pubPlace>Charlottesville, Va.</pubPlace>,
 <publisher>Rookwood Press</publisher>,
 <date when="2003">2003</date>.
 </bibl>
</bibl>

<biblStruct>

<biblStruct type="newspaper">
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>David</forename>
   <surname>Barstow</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Susanne</forename>
   <surname>Craig</surname>
  </author>
  <author>
   <forename>Russ</forename>
   <surname>Buettner</surname>
  </author>
  <title type="main">Trump Took Part in Suspect Schemes to Evade Tax Bills</title>
  <title type="sub">Behind the Myth of a Self-Made Billionaire, a Vast Inheritance From His Father</title>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">The New York Times</title>
  <imprint>
   <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
   <publisher>A. G. Sulzberger</publisher>
   <date when="2018-10-03">Wednesday, October 3, 2018</date>
  </imprint>
  <biblScope unit="volume">CLXVIII</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="issue">58,104</biblScope>
  <biblScope unit="page">1</biblScope>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct>
 <analytic>
  <author>
   <forename>Suzana</forename>
   <surname>Sukovic</surname>
  </author>
  <title level="a">Beyond the Scriptorium: The Role of the Library in Text
     Encoding</title>
  <ref target="https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html">https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/sukovic/01sukovic.html</ref>
 </analytic>
 <monogr>
  <title level="j">D-Lib</title>
  <imprint>
   <biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope>
   <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
   <date>2002</date>
  </imprint>
 </monogr>
</biblStruct>

3.12.3. Bibliographic Pointers

<biblStruct type="manifestation">
 <monogr>
  <author>
   <persName>
    <forename>Germain</forename>
    <surname>Brice</surname>
   </persName>
  </author>
  <title level="m">Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu’elle contient de plus remarquable, par Germain Brice ; enrichie d’un nouveau plan et de figures dessinées et gravées correctement. 7e édition, revue et augmentée par l’auteur</title>
  <imprint>
   <date when="1717">1717</date>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>F. Fournier</publisher>
  </imprint>
  <extent>In-12</extent>
 </monogr>
 <ptr type="catBnf"
  target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30160624f/"/>
</biblStruct>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.3.6. Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

<person xml:id="HOC001">
 <persName>
  <surname>Hoccleve</surname>
  <forename>Thomas</forename>
 </persName>
 <birth notBefore="1368"/>
 <occupation>poet</occupation>
<!-- other personal data -->
</person>

<msContents>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Guillaume de Lorris </forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docAuthor>
   <forename>Jean de Meung</forename>
  </docAuthor>
  <docTitle>
   <titlePart type="main">Le Rommant de la rose</titlePart>
   <titlePart type="sub"/>
  </docTitle>
  <docImprint>
   <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
   <publisher>Antoine Vérard</publisher>
  </docImprint>
  <docDate when="1497">1497 ou 1498</docDate>
  <note>
   <date notBefore="1497-01-01"
    notAfter="1498-12-31"/>
  </note>
  <note>in-2°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
  <note>Exemplaire sur vélin, enluminé, « vraisemblablement dans l’atelier d’Antoine
     Vérard » <ref target="#fr_bib06">(Charon 1988, n° 3)</ref>
  </note>
  <note>
   <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb305575966">Notice bibliographique
       dans le Catalogue général</ref>
  </note>
 </msItem>
</msContents>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>, <forename>Franklin</forename>
 <forename>Delano</forename>
</persName>
<persName>
 <forename>Franklin</forename>
 <forename>Delano</forename>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename type="first">Franklin</forename>
 <forename type="middle">Delano</forename>
 <surname>Roosevelt</surname>
</persName>
<persName>
 <forename type="given">Margaret</forename>
 <forename type="unused">Hilda</forename>
 <surname type="birth">Roberts</surname>
 <surname type="married">Thatcher</surname>
</persName>
<persName type="religious">Muhammad Ali</persName>
<persName>
 <forename>Norman</forename>
 <surname type="complex">St John Stevas</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Johan</forename>
 <surname type="toponymic" ref="#dystvold">Dystvold</surname>
</persName>
<!-- ... -->
<placeName xml:id="dystvold">Dystvold</placeName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Kara</forename>
 <surname type="complex">
  <surname type="paternal">Hattersley</surname>- <surname type="maternal">Smith</surname>
 </surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename full="abb">Maggie</forename>
 <surname>Thatcher</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<s>
 <persName>
  <forename>Peter</forename>
  <surname>son of Herbert</surname>
 </persName> gives the king 40 m. for having custody of the land and heir of
<persName>
  <forename>John</forename>
  <surname>son of Hugh</surname>
 </persName>...
</s>

14.2.1. Personal Names

... but it remained for <persName>
 <forename>Snorri</forename>
 <forename>Sturluson</forename>
</persName> to combine the two traditions in cyclic form.

14.2.1. Personal Names

Even <persName>
 <forename>Finnur</forename>
 <surname>Jonsson</surname>
</persName> acknowledged the artificiality of the procedure...

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Egill</forename>
 <addName type="patronym">Skallagrmsson</addName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:pn9">
 <forename sort="2">Sergei</forename>
 <forename sort="3" type="patronym">Mikhailovic</forename>
 <surname sort="1">Uspensky</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:HEMA1">
 <surname>Marques</surname>
 <genName>Junior</genName>, <forename>Henrique</forename>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Charles</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName xml:lang="de">
 <forename>Rudolf</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
 <surname>von Habsburg</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Walter</forename>
 <surname>de la Mare</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PGK1">
 <roleName type="nobility">Princess</roleName>
 <forename>Grace</forename>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:SLWICL1">
 <roleName type="office">President</roleName>
 <forename>Bill</forename>
 <surname>Clinton</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:FRTG1">
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <addName type="epithet">the Great</addName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:EGBR1">
 <roleName type="office">Governor</roleName>
 <forename sort="2">Edmund</forename>
 <forename full="init" sort="3">G.</forename>
 <addName type="nick">Jerry</addName>
 <addName type="epithet">Moonbeam</addName>
 <surname sort="1">Brown</surname>
 <genName full="abb">Jr</genName>.
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <surname>Poncet</surname>
 <forename>Olivier</forename>
 <roleName>professeur d'archivistique et diplomatique moderne</roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Joseph</forename>
 <addName type="stagename">Le Pétomane</addName>
 <surname>Pujol</surname>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Catherine</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>, <addName type="epithet"> la Grande</addName>, <roleName>impératrice de Russie</roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>夏爾</forename>
 <forename>皮耶</forename>
 <surname>波特萊爾</surname>，<roleName>
  <placeName>法國</placeName>象徵派詩人 </roleName>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>Ex-President</roleName>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname>Bush</surname>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>Ex-Président</roleName>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname>Bush</surname>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>先總統</roleName>
 <forename>中正</forename>
 <surname>蔣</surname>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <forename>Charles</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <forename>Louis</forename>
 <genName>XIV</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <forename>查爾斯</forename>
 <genName>二世</genName>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <nameLink>van der</nameLink>
 <surname>Tronck</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <nameLink>van der</nameLink>
 <surname>Tronck</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Alfred</forename>
 <nameLink>de</nameLink>
 <surname>Musset</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Alfred</forename>
 <nameLink>de</nameLink>
 <surname>Musset</surname>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <addName type="epithet">the Great</addName>
 <roleName>Emperor of Prussia</roleName>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>Catherine</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>, <addName type="epithet"> la
   Grande</addName>, <roleName>impératrice de Russie</roleName>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>政</forename>
 <surname>嬴</surname>
 <addName type="epithet">趙政</addName>
 <roleName>秦始皇</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>William</forename>
 <surname>Poulteny</surname>
 <roleName>Earl of Bath</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>Joachim</forename>
 <surname>Murat</surname>, <roleName>roi de Naples</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>溥儀</forename>
 <surname>愛新覺羅</surname>
 <roleName>滿清末代皇帝</roleName>
</persName>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>Miss Major</forename>
  <surname>Griffin-Gracy</surname>
 </persName>
 <birth when="1940-10-25"/>
 <gender value="transWoman"
  evidence="selfIdentification">trans woman</gender>
 <persPronouns value="she"
  evidence="selfIdentification"/>
 <note>
  <p>Veteran of the Stonewall Riots. Founder of the
     Griffin-Gracy Educational Retreat and Historical
     Center (the House of GG). Activist and advocate for
     transgender and gender-nonconforming people of
     color.</p>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<forename nymRef="#N123">Tony</forename> Blair

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<forename nymRef="#N123" ref="#BLT">Tony</forename>
<!-- ... -->
<person xml:id="BLT">
 <persName>Tony Blair</persName>
 <occupation>politician</occupation>
</person>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<genName>

<genName> (generational name component) contains a name component used to distinguish otherwise similar names on the basis of the relative ages or generations of the persons named. [14.2.1. Personal Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.persNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<persName>
 <forename>Charles</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
</persName>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<persName>
 <surname>Pitt</surname>
 <genName>the Younger</genName>
</persName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element genName
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <genName> (generational name component)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <genName> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <genName> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:HEMA1">
 <surname>Marques</surname>
 <genName>Junior</genName>, <forename>Henrique</forename>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Charles</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName xml:lang="de">
 <forename>Rudolf</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
 <surname>von Habsburg</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <surname>Smith</surname>
 <genName>Minor</genName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:EGBR1">
 <roleName type="office">Governor</roleName>
 <forename sort="2">Edmund</forename>
 <forename full="init" sort="3">G.</forename>
 <addName type="nick">Jerry</addName>
 <addName type="epithet">Moonbeam</addName>
 <surname sort="1">Brown</surname>
 <genName full="abb">Jr</genName>.
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Catherine</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>, <addName type="epithet"> la Grande</addName>, <roleName>impératrice de Russie</roleName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <forename>Charles</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <forename>Louis</forename>
 <genName>XIV</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <surname>Louis X</surname>
 <genName type="epithet">Le Hutin</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <forename>查爾斯</forename>
 <genName>二世</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <surname>彼特</surname>
 <genName>小的</genName>
</persName>

<genName>

<persName>
 <surname>Pitt</surname>
 <genName>the Younger</genName>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>Catherine</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>, <addName type="epithet"> la
   Grande</addName>, <roleName>impératrice de Russie</roleName>
</persName>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<nameLink>

<nameLink> (name link) contains a connecting phrase or link used within a name but not regarded as part of it, such as van der or of. [14.2.1. Personal Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.persNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <nameLink>van der</nameLink>
 <surname>Tronck</surname>
</persName>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<persName>
 <forename>Alfred</forename>
 <nameLink>de</nameLink>
 <surname>Musset</surname>
</persName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element nameLink
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <nameLink> (name link)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <nameLink> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <nameLink> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DUDO1">
 <roleName type="honorific" full="abb">Mme</roleName>
 <nameLink>de la</nameLink>
 <surname>Rochefoucault</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <nameLink>van der</nameLink>
 <surname>Tronck</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <nameLink>van der</nameLink>
 <surname>Tronck</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Alfred</forename>
 <nameLink>de</nameLink>
 <surname>Musset</surname>
</persName>

<nameLink>

<persName>
 <forename>Alfred</forename>
 <nameLink>de</nameLink>
 <surname>Musset</surname>
</persName>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<addName>

<addName> (additional name) contains an additional name component, such as a nickname, epithet, or alias, or any other descriptive phrase used within a personal name. [14.2.1. Personal Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.persNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <addName type="epithet">the Great</addName>
 <roleName>Emperor of Prussia</roleName>
</persName>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element addName
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <addName> (additional name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <addName> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <addName> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Egill</forename>
 <addName type="patronym">Skallagrmsson</addName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GRMO1"
 type="pseudo">
 <addName type="honorific">Grandma</addName>
 <surname>Moses</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:FRTG1">
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <addName type="epithet">the Great</addName>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:EGBR1">
 <roleName type="office">Governor</roleName>
 <forename sort="2">Edmund</forename>
 <forename full="init" sort="3">G.</forename>
 <addName type="nick">Jerry</addName>
 <addName type="epithet">Moonbeam</addName>
 <surname sort="1">Brown</surname>
 <genName full="abb">Jr</genName>.
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Joseph</forename>
 <addName type="stagename">Le Pétomane</addName>
 <surname>Pujol</surname>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Catherine</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>, <addName type="epithet"> la Grande</addName>, <roleName>impératrice de Russie</roleName>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <addName type="epithet">the Great</addName>
 <roleName>Emperor of Prussia</roleName>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>Catherine</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>, <addName type="epithet"> la
   Grande</addName>, <roleName>impératrice de Russie</roleName>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>政</forename>
 <surname>嬴</surname>
 <addName type="epithet">趙政</addName>
 <roleName>秦始皇</roleName>
</persName>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<roleName>

<roleName> (role name) contains a name component which indicates that the referent has a particular role or position in society, such as an official title or rank. [14.2.1. Personal Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.persNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

A roleName may be distinguished from an addName by virtue of the fact that, like a title, it typically exists independently of its holder.

Example

<persName>
 <forename>William</forename>
 <surname>Poulteny</surname>
 <roleName>Earl of Bath</roleName>
</persName>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<p>The <roleName role="solicitor_general">S.G.</roleName> is the only national public official,
including the Supreme Court justices, required by statute to be “learned in the law.”</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<p>
 <persName ref="#NJF">
  <roleName role="solicitor_general">Solicitor General</roleName> Noel J. Francisco</persName>,
representing the administration, asserted in rebuttal that there was nothing to disavow (...)
<persName ref="#NJF">Francisco</persName> had violated the scrupulous standard of candor about the facts and
the law that <roleName role="solicitor_general">S.G.s</roleName>, in Republican and Democratic administrations
alike, have repeatedly said they must honor.
</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element roleName
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <roleName> (role name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <roleName> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <roleName> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:DUDO1">
 <roleName type="honorific" full="abb">Mme</roleName>
 <nameLink>de la</nameLink>
 <surname>Rochefoucault</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PGK1">
 <roleName type="nobility">Princess</roleName>
 <forename>Grace</forename>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:SLWICL1">
 <roleName type="office">President</roleName>
 <forename>Bill</forename>
 <surname>Clinton</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:MOGA1">
 <roleName type="military">Colonel</roleName>
 <surname>Gaddafi</surname>
</persName>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:EGBR1">
 <roleName type="office">Governor</roleName>
 <forename sort="2">Edmund</forename>
 <forename full="init" sort="3">G.</forename>
 <addName type="nick">Jerry</addName>
 <addName type="epithet">Moonbeam</addName>
 <surname sort="1">Brown</surname>
 <genName full="abb">Jr</genName>.
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <surname>Poncet</surname>
 <forename>Olivier</forename>
 <roleName>professeur d'archivistique et diplomatique moderne</roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Catherine</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>, <addName type="epithet"> la Grande</addName>, <roleName>impératrice de Russie</roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>夏爾</forename>
 <forename>皮耶</forename>
 <surname>波特萊爾</surname>，<roleName>
  <placeName>法國</placeName>象徵派詩人 </roleName>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>Ex-President</roleName>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname>Bush</surname>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>Ex-Président</roleName>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname>Bush</surname>
</persName>

<forename>

<persName>
 <roleName>先總統</roleName>
 <forename>中正</forename>
 <surname>蔣</surname>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>Frederick</forename>
 <addName type="epithet">the Great</addName>
 <roleName>Emperor of Prussia</roleName>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>Catherine</forename>
 <genName>II</genName>, <addName type="epithet"> la
   Grande</addName>, <roleName>impératrice de Russie</roleName>
</persName>

<addName>

<persName>
 <forename>政</forename>
 <surname>嬴</surname>
 <addName type="epithet">趙政</addName>
 <roleName>秦始皇</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>William</forename>
 <surname>Poulteny</surname>
 <roleName>Earl of Bath</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>Joachim</forename>
 <surname>Murat</surname>, <roleName>roi de Naples</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<persName>
 <forename>溥儀</forename>
 <surname>愛新覺羅</surname>
 <roleName>滿清末代皇帝</roleName>
</persName>

<roleName>

<p>The <roleName role="solicitor_general">S.G.</roleName> is the only national public official,
including the Supreme Court justices, required by statute to be “learned in the law.”</p>

<roleName>

<p>
 <persName ref="#NJF">
  <roleName role="solicitor_general">Solicitor General</roleName> Noel J. Francisco</persName>,
representing the administration, asserted in rebuttal that there was nothing to disavow (...)
<persName ref="#NJF">Francisco</persName> had violated the scrupulous standard of candor about the facts and
the law that <roleName role="solicitor_general">S.G.s</roleName>, in Republican and Democratic administrations
alike, have repeatedly said they must honor.
</p>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

<persPronouns>

<docAuthor>
 <persName>Lal Zimman</persName>
 <persPronouns value="he">(he/him/his)</persPronouns>
 <ref target="#Name">(FAQ)</ref>
 <persName type="IPA">[lɑɫ ˈzimn̩]</persName>
 <email>zimman at ucsb dot edu</email>
 <roleName>Assistant Professor of Linguistics</roleName>
 <roleName>Affiliated Faculty in Feminist Studies</roleName>
 <address>
  <addrLine>South Hall 3518</addrLine>
  <addrLine>University of California, Santa Barbara</addrLine>
 </address>
</docAuthor>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<placeName>

<placeName> (place name) contains an absolute or relative place name. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeNamePart model.settingPart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose setting

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage unitDef

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions altIdentifier catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msIdentifier musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<placeName>
 <settlement>Rochester</settlement>
 <region>New York</region>
</placeName>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<placeName>
 <geogName>Arrochar Alps</geogName>
 <region>Argylshire</region>
</placeName>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<placeName>
 <measure>10 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northeast of</offset>
 <settlement>Attica</settlement>
</placeName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element placeName
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <placeName> (place name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <placeName> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <placeName> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

8. Transcriptions of Speech

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.6. XML Whitespace

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

att.datable.w3c

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <placeName>Dorchester, Village,</placeName>
  <date when="1828-03-02">March 2d. 1828.</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>To
   Mrs. Cornell,</salute> Sunday <time when="12:00:00">noon.</time>
</opener>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.9. The Unit Declaration

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="keel" type="weight">
   <label>keel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 20" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#chalder"
    toUnit="#keel" formula="$fromUnit * 16" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Keel was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 20 chalders from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 16 chalders from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="chalder" type="weight">
   <label>chalder</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 32" from="1421"
    to="1676"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#bushel"
    toUnit="#chalder" formula="$fromUnit * 36" from="1676"
    to="1824"/>
   <desc>Chalder was a unit measuring weight of coal. It had been equal to 32 bushels from 1421 to 1676, and it was made to be equivalent to 36 bushels from 1676 to 1824.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="bushel" type="weight">
   <label>bushel</label>
   <placeName ref="#england"/>
   <desc>Bushel was a unit measuring weight of coal.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unitDef>

<unitDecl>
 <unitDef xml:id="pechys" type="length">
  <label>πῆχυς</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <conversion fromUnit="#daktylos"
   toUnit="#pechys" formula="$fromUnit div 24"/>
  <desc>Equivalent to a cubit or 24 daktyloi.</desc>
 </unitDef>
 <unitDef xml:id="daktylos" type="length">
  <label>δάκτυλος</label>
  <placeName ref="#athens"/>
  <desc>A basic unit of length equivalent to one finger (or the size of a thumb) in ancient Greece.</desc>
 </unitDef>
</unitDecl>

att.formula

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="stadium" type="linear">
   <label>stadium</label>
   <placeName ref="#rome"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#pes"
    toUnit="#stadium" formula="$fromUnit * 625"/>
   <desc>The stadium was a Roman unit of linear measurement equivalent to 625 pedes, or Roman feet.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>Adelbert von Chamisso</persName>
 <placeName>Vertus</placeName>
 <date when="1807-01-29"/>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received">
 <persName>Louis de La Foye</persName>
 <placeName>Caen</placeName>
 <date>unknown</date>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspAction type="received">
 <persName>Hermann Hesse</persName>
 <persName>Ninon Hesse</persName>
 <placeName>Montagnola</placeName>
</correspAction>

2.4.6. Correspondence Description

<correspDesc xml:id="message1">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>John Gneisenau Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName xml:id="JTH">Julius Temple House</persName>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>
<correspDesc xml:id="message2">
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Enid Neihardt</persName>
  <placeName>Branson (Montgomery)</placeName>
  <date when="1932-12-17"/>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName sameAs="#JTH"/>
  <placeName>New York</placeName>
 </correspAction>
</correspDesc>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<desc>

<place xml:id="KERG2">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<p>I leave Dublin to-morrow for M<ellipsis>
  <metamark>——</metamark>
 </ellipsis> house. It is situated in the county of <ellipsis>
  <metamark>——</metamark>
 </ellipsis>, on the north-west coast of <placeName>Connaught</placeName>, which I am told is the classic ground of <placeName>Ireland</placeName>.</p>

<measure>

<measure type="weight">
 <num>2</num> pounds of flesh
</measure>
<measure type="currency">£10-11-6d</measure>
<measure type="area" unitRef="#merk">2 <unit>merks</unit> of old extent</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="merk" type="area">
   <label>merk</label>
   <placeName ref="#Scotland"/>
   <desc>A merk was an area of land determined variably by its agricultural
       productivity.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<unit>

<measure>
 <num>3</num>
 <unit unitRef="#ell">ells</unit>
</measure>
<!-- In the TEI Header: -->
<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="ell">
   <label>ell</label>
   <placeName ref="#iceland"/>
   <desc>A unit of measure for cloth, roughly equivalent to 18 inches, or from an adult male’s elbow to the tip of the middle finger.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

4. Default Text Structure

4.2.3. Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<postscript>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occurred on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded on a Sony TR444 walkman by unknown participants; remastered
     to digital tape at <placeName>Borehamwood Studios</placeName> by
  <orgName>Transcription Services Inc</orgName>.</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <p>
  <orgName>Harmonia Mundi</orgName> S.A., enregistré à <placeName>Boughton Aluph Saints
     Church</placeName>, <date>septembre 1977</date>.</p>
</recording>

<recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>以Sony TR444 walkman錄成，參與者不明；<orgName>中國廣播公司</orgName>在<placeName>中廣電台</placeName>以數位磁帶重製。</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<placeName period="#christian">Stauropolis</placeName>

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<event xml:id="eMBB" from="1955-12-01"
 to="1956-12-20">
 <label>Montgomery Bus Boycott</label>
 <desc>A political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of
   the city of <placeName ref="#MONT">Montgomery</placeName>.</desc>
</event>

14.2.1. Personal Names

<persName>
 <forename>Johan</forename>
 <surname type="toponymic" ref="#dystvold">Dystvold</surname>
</persName>
<!-- ... -->
<placeName xml:id="dystvold">Dystvold</placeName>

<orgName>

About a year back, a question of considerable interest was agitated in the <orgName key="PAS1" type="voluntary">
 <placeName key="PEN">Pennsyla.</placeName> Abolition Society
</orgName> [...]

<orgName>

<orgName key="ssav" type="regional">Société savoisienne de <placeName key="GRE">Grenoble</placeName>
</orgName>

<orgName>

大約一年前，在<placeName key="PEN">賓州</placeName>的<orgName key="PAS1" type="voluntary">廢止黑奴協會</orgName>，有一場轟動的激辯。

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

<persName>

<persName>
 <forename>夏爾</forename>
 <forename>皮耶</forename>
 <surname>波特萊爾</surname>，<roleName>
  <placeName>法國</placeName>象徵派詩人 </roleName>
</persName>

14.2.3. Place Names

After spending some time in our <placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1">modern <placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:BA1">Babylon</placeName>
</placeName>, <placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1">New York</placeName>, I have proceeded
to the <placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PH1">City of Brotherly Love</placeName>.

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName>Rochester, NY</placeName>

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName>
 <settlement type="city">Rochester</settlement>, <region type="state">New York</region>
</placeName>

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LSEA1">
 <country type="nation">Laos</country>, <bloc type="sub-continent">Southeast Asia</bloc>
</placeName>

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName>
 <district type="arondissement">6ème</district>
 <settlement type="city">Paris, </settlement>
 <country>France</country>
</placeName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NRPA1">
 <offset>near the top of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName>
 <measure>20 km</measure>
 <offset>north of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Duncan">
 <measure unit="km" quantity="17.7">11 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northwest of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Providence</settlement>, <region type="state">RI</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>Rochester</settlement>
 <region>New York</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>Bordeaux</settlement>
 <region>Gironde</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>Le Massif Armoricain</geogName>
 <region>Bretagne</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>2,5 milles</measure>
 <offset>à l'ouest de la </offset>
 <settlement>Pointe du Raz</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>曼徹斯特</settlement>
 <region>紐約</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>天池</geogName>
 <region>新疆</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>烏魯木齊</settlement>
 <offset>北邊</offset>
 <measure>十哩</measure>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>Arrochar Alps</geogName>
 <region>Argylshire</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>10 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northeast of</offset>
 <settlement>Attica</settlement>
</placeName>

<region>

<placeName>
 <region type="state" n="IL">Illinois</region>
</placeName>

<region>

<placeName>
 <region type="state" n="IL">Illinois</region>
</placeName>

<region>

<placeName>
 <region type="state" n="IL">依利諾</region>
</placeName>

<settlement>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">Glasgow</settlement>
 <region>Scotland</region>
</placeName>

<settlement>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">Brest</settlement>
 <region>Bretagne</region>
</placeName>

<settlement>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">淡水</settlement>
 <region>台北縣</region>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">Jericho</district>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">La Castellane</district>
 <settlement>Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">Rive gauche</district>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">中環</district>
 <settlement>香港</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">南邊</district>
 <settlement>廣州</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">South Side</district>
 <settlement>Chicago</settlement>
</placeName>

<offset>

<placeName key="NRPA1">
 <offset>50 metres below the summit of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

<eventName>

<listEvent>
 <event from="1939-09-01" to="1945-09-02">
  <eventName xml:lang="de">Zweiter Weltkrieg</eventName>
  <eventName xml:lang="en">World War II</eventName>
  <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079167-1</idno>
  <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362</idno>
  <event from="1939-09-01" to="1939-10-06"
   xml:id="UeberfallAufPolen">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="en">Invasion of Poland</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175002-0</idno>
   <idno type="LOC">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148341</idno>
   <listPlace type="affected">
    <place>
     <placeName xml:lang="pl">Gdańsk</placeName>
     <location>
      <geo>54.350556 18.652778</geo>
     </location>
    </place>
   </listPlace>
  </event>
  <event from="1941-06-22" to="1945-05-09">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076906-9</idno>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189266</idno>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<eventName>

<p>Mit dem <eventName ref="#UeberfallAufPolen">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
begann der <eventName>Zweite Weltkrieg</eventName>, der in manchen Nachfolgestaaten
der <placeName>Sowjetunion</placeName> auch als <eventName>Großer Vaterländischer Krieg</eventName>
(<eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>) bekannt ist.</p>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.2.5. Object Names

<p>The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#AlfredJewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.</p>

14.3.1. Basic Principles

<place xml:id="Rome">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>41.891775 12.486137</geo>
 </location>
 <idno type="Pleiades">423025</idno>
 <note>capital of the Roman Empire</note>
</place>

14.3.2. The Person Element

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person xml:id="simon_son_of_richard2">
 <persName>Simon, son of Richard</persName>
 <residence>
  <placeName>
   <region>Essex</region>
  </placeName>
 </residence>
 <floruit notBefore="1219" notAfter="1223">1219-1223</floruit>
</person>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="LYON1" type="city">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>45.769559 4.834843</geo>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="LYON2">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <bloc>EU</bloc>
  <country>France</country>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="BGbldg" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="Atl" type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="MYF">
 <placeName notAfter="1969">Yasgur's Farm</placeName>
 <placeName notBefore="1969">Woodstock Festival Site</placeName>
 <location>
  <measure>one mile</measure>
  <offset>north west of</offset>
  <settlement>Bethel</settlement>
  <region>New York</region>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locCA" type="cemetery">
 <placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
 <placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
 <location type="geopolitical">
  <country>Italy</country>
  <settlement>Rome</settlement>
  <district>Testaccio</district>
 </location>
 <location type="address">
  <address>
   <addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
   <addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
  </address>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locLyon" type="city"
   xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>
   <gml:Polygon>
    <gml:exterior>
     <gml:LinearRing> 45.256 -110.45 46.46 -109.48 43.84 -109.86 45.8 -109.2 45.256 -110.45 </gml:LinearRing>
    </gml:exterior>
   </gml:Polygon>
  </geo>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="locMascarenes"
 type="islandGroup">
 <placeName>Mascarene Islands</placeName>
 <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
  <listPlace type="offshoreIslands">
   <place>
    <placeName>La roche qui pleure</placeName>
   </place>
   <place>
    <placeName>Île aux cerfs</placeName>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </place>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="wales" type="country">
 <placeName xml:lang="cy">Cymru</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Wales</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallie</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallia</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="fro">Le Waleis</placeName>
 <place xml:id="carmarthenshire"
  type="region">
  <region type="county" xml:lang="en"
   notBefore="1284">Carmarthenshire</region>
  <place xml:id="carmarthen"
   type="settlement">
   <placeName xml:lang="en">Carmarthen</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="la"
    notBefore="1090" notAfter="1300">Kaermerdin</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="cy">Caerfyrddin</placeName>
   <place xml:id="carmarthen_castle"
    type="castle">
    <settlement>castle of Carmarthen</settlement>
   </place>
  </place>
 </place>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="pl-c-H" type="county">
 <placeName>Herefordshire</placeName>
 <listPlace type="villages">
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AD">
   <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AB">
   <placeName>Acton Beauchamp</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
 <listPlace type="towns">
  <place xml:id="pl-t-H">
   <placeName>Hereford</placeName>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-t-L">
   <placeName>Leominster</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
</place>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="greece">
 <placeName>Greece</placeName>
 <climate>
  <desc>Greece's climate is divided into three well defined classes:</desc>
  <climate>
   <label>Mediterranean</label>
   <desc>It features mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures rarely reach extremes, although snowfalls
       do occur occasionally even in <placeName>Athens</placeName>, <placeName>Cyclades</placeName> or
   <placeName>Crete</placeName> during the winter.</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Alpine</label>
   <desc>It is found primarily in <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Greece</placeName>
       (<placeName>Epirus</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> Greece</placeName>,
   <placeName>Thessaly</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as well as
       central parts of <placeName>Peloponnesus</placeName> like <placeName>Achaea</placeName>,
   <placeName>Arcadia</placeName> and parts of <placeName>Laconia</placeName> where the Alpine range pass
       by)</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Temperate</label>
   <desc>It is found in <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> and <offset>Eastern</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as
       well as in <placeName>Thrace</placeName> at places like <placeName>Komotini</placeName>,
   <placeName>Xanthi</placeName> and <placeName>
     <offset>northern</offset> Evros</placeName>. It features cold,
       damp winters and hot, dry summers.</desc>
  </climate>
 </climate>
</place>

14.3.4.4. Relations Between Places

<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="MASC">
  <placeName>Mascarene islands</placeName>
  <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="MRU">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 </place>
 <place xml:id="ROD">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="REN">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
 <relation name="contains" active="#MASC"
  passive="#ROD #MRU #REN"/>
</listPlace>

14.3.4.4. Relations Between Places

<place type="country" xml:id="FRA">
 <placeName>France</placeName>
</place>

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<listPlace>

<listPlace type="offshoreIslands">
 <place>
  <placeName>La roche qui pleure</placeName>
 </place>
 <place>
  <placeName>Ile aux cerfs</placeName>
 </place>
</listPlace>

<location>

<place>
 <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
 </location>
</place>

<location>

<place xml:id="BGbuilding" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<location>

<place type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<person>

<person xml:id="fr_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italie</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Roumanie</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="zh-tw_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="zh-TW">奧維德</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 西元前43年3月20日<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">義大利</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">西元後17或18年<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">羅馬尼亞</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="Ovi01" sex="M" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italy</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Romania</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Ecosse</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">台北東區帝寶大廈</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>沙鹿</settlement>
  <region>台中</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Scotland</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<terrain>

<place xml:id="KERG">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
 <listEvent>
  <event when="1713"
   ref="https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832/2">
   <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
<!-- The following example presupposes that the editors of the TEI document decided to understand legislation or a treaty as an <gi>event</gi>, which itself may be considered a shortcut for several events that led up to the existence or validity of the law or treaty (e.g. the signing of a treaty could also be modeled as an event, and the result on paper could be encoded as an <gi>object</gi> or <gi>bibl</gi>). -->
   <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay Company</orgName> territories in
   <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>, <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and
       recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
       North American possessions, including
   <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName>
       (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward Island</placeName>)...</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
   <label>Quebec Act</label>
   <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith and restored use of the
       French Civil Code for private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been expanded in territory
       following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
   <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
   <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty
       between the newly formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this case, the
   <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
</standOff>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<objectName>

<p>
The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#AlfredJewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

16. Language Corpora

<setting>

<setting>
 <placeName>New York City, US</placeName>
 <date>1989</date>
 <locale>on a park bench</locale>
 <activity>feeding birds</activity>
</setting>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

att.global.linking

<!-- In a placeography called "places.xml" --><place xml:id="LOND1"
 corresp="people.xml#LOND2 people.xml#GENI1">
 <placeName>London</placeName>
 <desc>The city of London...</desc>
</place>
<!-- In a literary personography called "people.xml" -->
<person xml:id="LOND2"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #GENI1">
 <persName type="lit">London</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Allegorical character representing the city of <placeName ref="places.xml#LOND1">London</placeName>.</p>
 </note>
</person>
<person xml:id="GENI1"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #LOND2">
 <persName type="lit">London’s Genius</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Personification of London’s genius. Appears as an
     allegorical character in mayoral shows.
  </p>
 </note>
</person>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName>Essex</placeName>. She had always liked <placeName>Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM">It is not
clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. -MSM</note>

22.1.1. Using Notes to Record Uncertainty

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName xml:id="CE-p1a">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-p1b">Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM"
 target="#CE-p1a #CE-p1b">It
is not clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. If the latter,
it should be tagged as a personal name. -<name xml:id="MSM">Michael</name>
</note>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

Elizabeth went to
<placeName xml:id="CE-pl1">Essex</placeName>.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document ... -->
<certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name">
 <desc>possibly not a placename</desc>
</certainty>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

Elizabeth went to
<placeName>Essex
<certainty locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
</placeName>.

22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions

Elizabeth went to <placeName xml:id="CE-PL1">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-PL2">Essex</placeName>.

<!-- ... -->
<!-- 60% chance that P1 is a placename, 40% chance a personal name. -->
<certainty xml:id="cert-1" target="#CE-PL1"
 locus="name" degree="0.6">
 <desc>probably a placename, but possibly not"</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty xml:id="cert-2" target="#CE-PL1"
 locus="name" assertedValue="persName" degree="0.4">
 <desc>may refer to the Earl of Essex"</desc>
</certainty>
<!-- 60% chance that P2 is a placename, 40% chance a personal name. 100% chance that it agrees with P1. -->
<certainty target="#CE-PL2" locus="name"
 given="#cert-1" degree="1.0">
 <desc>if CE-PL1 is a placename, CE-PL2 certainly is"</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty target="#CE-PL2" locus="name"
 assertedValue="persName" degree="1.0" given="#cert-2">
 <desc>if CE-PL1 is a personal name, then so is CE-PL2</desc>
</certainty>

22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions

Ernest went to old <persName>Saybrook</persName>. (0.6 * 0.9, or 0.54)
Ernest went to old <placeName>Saybrook</placeName>. (0.4 * 0.5, or 0.20)
Ernest went to <placeName>old Saybrook</placeName>. (0.4 * 0.5, or 0.20)

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<bloc>

<bloc> (bloc) contains the name of a geo-political unit consisting of two or more nation states or countries. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage unitDef

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions altIdentifier catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msIdentifier musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<bloc type="union">the European Union</bloc>
<bloc type="continent">Africa</bloc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element bloc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <bloc> (bloc)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <bloc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <bloc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LSEA1">
 <country type="nation">Laos</country>, <bloc type="sub-continent">Southeast Asia</bloc>
</placeName>

<bloc>

<bloc type="union">the European Union</bloc>
<bloc type="continent">Africa</bloc>

<bloc>

<bloc type="union">Pays Baltes</bloc>
<bloc type="continent">Europe</bloc>

<bloc>

<bloc type="union">歐盟</bloc>
<bloc type="continent">非洲</bloc>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="LYON2">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <bloc>EU</bloc>
  <country>France</country>
 </location>
</place>

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C Elements

<country>

<country> (country) contains the name of a geo-political unit, such as a nation, country, colony, or commonwealth, larger than or administratively superior to a region and smaller than a bloc. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage unitDef

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions altIdentifier catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msIdentifier musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The recommended source for codes to represent coded country names is ISO 3166.

Example

<country key="DK">Denmark</country>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element country
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <country> (country)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <country> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <country> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <settlement>Bologna</settlement>
 <country>Italy</country>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <country key="FR"/>
 <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
 <postCode>69002</postCode>
 <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
 <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
 <street>
  <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</street>
</address>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.1. Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data

<sourceDesc>
 <biblFull>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Twitter Sample</title>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Twitter International Company</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>1 Cumberland Place</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Fenian Street</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Dublin 2</addrLine>
    <postCode>D02 AX07</postCode>
    <country>Ireland</country>
   </address>
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/"/>
   <date when="2024-04-27"/>
  </publicationStmt>
 </biblFull>
</sourceDesc>

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

11. Manuscript Description

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>El</collection>
 <idno>26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Hungary</country>
 <settlement>Budapest</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr"> Bibliothèque de l'Académie des Sciences de Hongrie </repository>
 <collection>Oriental Collection</collection>
 <collection>Sandor Kégl Bequest</collection>
 <idno>MS 1265</idno>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>New Jersey</region>
 <settlement>Princeton</settlement>
 <repository>Princeton University Library</repository>
 <collection>Scheide Library</collection>
 <idno>MS 71</idno>
 <msName>Blickling Homiliary</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Danmark</country>
 <settlement>København</settlement>
 <repository>Det Arnamagnæanske Institut</repository>
 <idno>AM 45 fol.</idno>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Frisianus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="is">Fríssbók</msName>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>France</country>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
 <idno>B- 73</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>B-121</idno>
  <note> Cote de la bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe siècle (inscrite à l'encre, sur la
     doublure de tabis).</note>
 </altIdentifier>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>Double de B. 274. A (Réserve)</idno>
  <note>Cote inscrite face à la page de titre, en remplacement de la cote "1541",
     barrée</note>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<collection>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>Ellesmere</collection>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.2. Organizational Names

The feeling in
<country>Canada</country> is one of strong aversion to the <orgName type="phrase">United States Government</orgName>,
and of predilection for self-government under the
<orgName type="phrase">English Crown</orgName>

14.2.2. Organizational Names

A spokesman from <orgName type="regional">
 <orgName>IBM</orgName>
 <country>UK</country>
</orgName> said ...

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LSEA1">
 <country type="nation">Laos</country>, <bloc type="sub-continent">Southeast Asia</bloc>
</placeName>

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName>
 <district type="arondissement">6ème</district>
 <settlement type="city">Paris, </settlement>
 <country>France</country>
</placeName>

<country>

<country key="DK">Denmark</country>

<country>

<country key="DK">Danemark</country>

<country>

<country key="DK">丹麥</country>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="LYON2">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <bloc>EU</bloc>
  <country>France</country>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="BGbldg" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locCA" type="cemetery">
 <placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
 <placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
 <location type="geopolitical">
  <country>Italy</country>
  <settlement>Rome</settlement>
  <district>Testaccio</district>
 </location>
 <location type="address">
  <address>
   <addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
   <addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
  </address>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="locLith">
 <country>Lithuania</country>
 <country xml:lang="lt">Lietuva</country>
 <place>
  <settlement>Vilnius</settlement>
 </place>
 <place>
  <settlement>Kaunas</settlement>
 </place>
</place>

<location>

<place xml:id="BGbuilding" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<person>

<person xml:id="fr_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italie</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Roumanie</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="zh-tw_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="zh-TW">奧維德</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 西元前43年3月20日<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">義大利</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">西元後17或18年<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">羅馬尼亞</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="Ovi01" sex="M" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italy</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Romania</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<place>

<place>
 <country>Lithuania</country>
 <country xml:lang="lt">Lietuva</country>
 <place>
  <settlement>Vilnius</settlement>
 </place>
 <place>
  <settlement>Kaunas</settlement>
 </place>
</place>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-longerIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the main English name for the legendary
   sword of King Arthur. In Welsh it is called
 <mentioned>Caledfwlch</mentioned>, in Cornish it is called
 <mentioned>Calesvol</mentioned>, in Breton it is called
 <mentioned>Kaledvoulc'h</mentioned>, and in Latin it is
   called <mentioned>Caliburnus</mentioned>. In some versions
   of the legend, Excalibur’s blade was engraved with phrases on opposite
   sides: <q>Take me up</q> and <q>Cast me away</q> (or similar).</p>
</object>

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <region>Oxfordshire</region>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
 <collection>English Treasures</collection>
 <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
 <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
 <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
</objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>

<object xml:id="Excalibur-MultipleNames">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur, in Welsh it is called Caledfwlch,
   in Cornish it is called Calesvol, in Breton it is called Kaledvoulc'h, and in Latin it is called Caliburnus.
   In some versions Excalibur's blade was engraved with phrases on opposite sides which in translation read:
   "Take me up" and "Cast me away" (or similar).</p>
</object>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<region>

<region> (region) contains the name of an administrative unit such as a state, province, or county, larger than a settlement, but smaller than a country. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage unitDef

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions altIdentifier catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msIdentifier musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<placeName>
 <region type="state" n="IL">Illinois</region>
</placeName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element region
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <region> (region)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <region> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <region> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

11. Manuscript Description

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>El</collection>
 <idno>26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>New Jersey</region>
 <settlement>Princeton</settlement>
 <repository>Princeton University Library</repository>
 <collection>Scheide Library</collection>
 <idno>MS 71</idno>
 <msName>Blickling Homiliary</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Madrid</settlement>
 <repository>Biblioteca Nacional</repository>
 <idno>MS 10237</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <region>Andalucia</region>
  <settlement>Osuna</settlement>
  <repository>Duque de Osuna</repository>
  <idno>II-M-5</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<collection>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>Ellesmere</collection>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName>
 <settlement type="city">Rochester</settlement>, <region type="state">New York</region>
</placeName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Duncan">
 <measure unit="km" quantity="17.7">11 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northwest of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Providence</settlement>, <region type="state">RI</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>Rochester</settlement>
 <region>New York</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>Bordeaux</settlement>
 <region>Gironde</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>Le Massif Armoricain</geogName>
 <region>Bretagne</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>曼徹斯特</settlement>
 <region>紐約</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>天池</geogName>
 <region>新疆</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>Arrochar Alps</geogName>
 <region>Argylshire</region>
</placeName>

<region>

<placeName>
 <region type="state" n="IL">Illinois</region>
</placeName>

<region>

<placeName>
 <region type="state" n="IL">Illinois</region>
</placeName>

<region>

<placeName>
 <region type="state" n="IL">依利諾</region>
</placeName>

<settlement>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">Glasgow</settlement>
 <region>Scotland</region>
</placeName>

<settlement>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">Brest</settlement>
 <region>Bretagne</region>
</placeName>

<settlement>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">淡水</settlement>
 <region>台北縣</region>
</placeName>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person xml:id="simon_son_of_richard2">
 <persName>Simon, son of Richard</persName>
 <residence>
  <placeName>
   <region>Essex</region>
  </placeName>
 </residence>
 <floruit notBefore="1219" notAfter="1223">1219-1223</floruit>
</person>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="MYF">
 <placeName notAfter="1969">Yasgur's Farm</placeName>
 <placeName notBefore="1969">Woodstock Festival Site</placeName>
 <location>
  <measure>one mile</measure>
  <offset>north west of</offset>
  <settlement>Bethel</settlement>
  <region>New York</region>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="wales" type="country">
 <placeName xml:lang="cy">Cymru</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Wales</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallie</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallia</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="fro">Le Waleis</placeName>
 <place xml:id="carmarthenshire"
  type="region">
  <region type="county" xml:lang="en"
   notBefore="1284">Carmarthenshire</region>
  <place xml:id="carmarthen"
   type="settlement">
   <placeName xml:lang="en">Carmarthen</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="la"
    notBefore="1090" notAfter="1300">Kaermerdin</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="cy">Caerfyrddin</placeName>
   <place xml:id="carmarthen_castle"
    type="castle">
    <settlement>castle of Carmarthen</settlement>
   </place>
  </place>
 </place>
</place>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Ecosse</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">台北東區帝寶大廈</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>沙鹿</settlement>
  <region>台中</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Scotland</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <region>Oxfordshire</region>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
 <collection>English Treasures</collection>
 <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
 <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
 <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
</objectIdentifier>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<settlement>

<settlement> (settlement) contains the name of a settlement such as a city, town, or village identified as a single geo-political or administrative unit. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage unitDef

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions altIdentifier catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msIdentifier musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">Glasgow</settlement>
 <region>Scotland</region>
</placeName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element settlement
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <settlement> (settlement)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <settlement> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <settlement> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<correspDesc>

<correspDesc>
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
  <settlement>Dresden</settlement>
  <date when="1817-06-23">23 June 1817</date>
 </correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>
  <settlement>Prag</settlement>
 </correspAction>
 <correspContext>
  <ref type="prev"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041209">Previous letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName>
     to <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date from="1817-06-19" to="1817-06-20">June 19/20, 1817</date>
  </ref>
  <ref type="next"
   target="http://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/A041217">Next letter of
  <persName>Carl Maria von Weber</persName> to
  <persName>Caroline Brandt</persName>:
  <date when="1817-06-27">June 27, 1817</date>
  </ref>
 </correspContext>
</correspDesc>

<correspAction>

<correspAction type="sent">
 <persName>Adelbert von Chamisso</persName>
 <settlement>Vertus</settlement>
 <date when="1807-01-29"/>
</correspAction>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.6.2. Addresses

<address>
 <street>110 Southmoor Road</street>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <postCode>OX2 6RB</postCode>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <street>via Marsala 24</street>
 <postCode>40126</postCode>
 <settlement>Bologna</settlement>
 <country>Italy</country>
</address>

<address>

<address>
 <country key="FR"/>
 <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
 <postCode>69002</postCode>
 <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
 <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
 <street>
  <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</street>
</address>

11. Manuscript Description

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <p>In Latin, on parchment: written in more than one hand of the 13th cent. in
   England: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns: with a few coloured
   capitals.</p>
 <p>'Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,' the De origine et gestis Regum Angliae of
   Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis: beg. 'Cum mecum multa &amp; de
   multis.'</p>
 <p>On fol. 54v very faint is 'Iste liber est fratris guillelmi de buria de ...
   Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],' 14th cent. (?): 'hanauilla' is written
   at the foot of the page (15th cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March
   17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <p>
   <quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,</quote> the <title>De origine et gestis
       Regum Angliae</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
  <quote>Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis.</quote> In Latin.</p>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <material function="support">Parchment</material>: written in
     more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., i + 55 leaves, in double columns:
     with a few coloured capitals.</p>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate>13th
       cent.</origDate> On fol. 54v very faint is <quote>Iste liber est fratris
       guillelmi de buria de ... Roberti ordinis fratrum Pred[icatorum],</quote> 14th
     cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is written at the foot of the page (15th
     cent.). Bought from the rev. W. D. Macray on March 17, 1863, for £1 10s.</p>
 </history>
</msDesc>

11.2. The Manuscript Description Element

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno>MS. Add. A. 61</idno>
  <altIdentifier type="SC">
   <idno>28843</idno>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author xml:lang="en">Geoffrey of Monmouth</author>
   <author xml:lang="la">Galfridus Monumetensis</author>
   <title type="uniform" xml:lang="la">De origine et gestis Regum Angliae</title>
   <rubric xml:lang="la">Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie</rubric>
   <incipit xml:lang="la">Cum mecum multa &amp; de multis</incipit>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="codex">
   <supportDesc material="perg">
    <support>
     <p>Parchment.</p>
    </support>
    <extent>i + 55 leaves <dimensions scope="all" type="leaf"
      unit="inch">
      <height>7¼</height>
      <width>5⅜</width>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
   <layoutDesc>
    <layout columns="2">
     <p>In double columns.</p>
    </layout>
   </layoutDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <handDesc>
   <p>Written in more than one hand.</p>
  </handDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <p>With a few coloured capitals.</p>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin>
   <p>Written in <origPlace>England</origPlace> in the <origDate notAfter="1300"
     notBefore="1200">13th cent.</origDate>
   </p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p>On fol. 54v very faint is <quote xml:lang="la">Iste liber est fratris
         guillelmi de buria de <gap/> Roberti ordinis fratrum
         Pred<ex>icatorum</ex>
    </quote>, 14th cent. (?): <quote>hanauilla</quote> is
       written at the foot of the page (15th cent.).</p>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition>
   <p>Bought from the rev. <name key="MCRAYWD">W. D. Macray</name> on <date when="1863-03-17">March 17, 1863</date>, for £1 10s.</p>
  </acquisition>
 </history>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
  <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
  <idno type="Bod">MS Poet. Rawl. D. 169.</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>Geoffrey Chaucer</author>
   <title>The Canterbury Tales</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>A parchment codex of 136 folios, measuring approx
       28 by 19 inches, and containing 24 quires.</p>
   <p>The pages are margined and ruled throughout.</p>
   <p>Four hands have been identified in the manuscript: the first 44
       folios being written in two cursive anglicana scripts, while the
       remainder is for the most part in a mixed secretary hand.</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <country>France</country>
  <settlement>Paris</settlement>
  <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
  <idno>RES P- YC- 1275</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
  <altIdentifier>
   <idno>Y. 1341</idno>
   <note>Cote de la Bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe s. (Catalogue de 1750).</note>
  </altIdentifier>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
<!-- pour le traitement des recueils la solution possible est de répéter l'élément <msItem> -->
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Juvénal</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docAuthor>
    <forename>Perse</forename>
   </docAuthor>
   <docTitle>
    <titlePart type="main"/>
    <titlePart type="sub"/>
   </docTitle>
   <docImprint>
    <pubPlace>Venise</pubPlace>
    <publisher>F. Torresani</publisher>
<!-- dans le Catalogue général: "in aedibus haeredum Aldi et Andreae soceri" -->
    <publisher>G.-F. Torresani</publisher>
   </docImprint>
   <docDate when="1535">1535</docDate>
   <note>In-8°.</note>
<!-- in-32°; in-24°; in-16°; in-8°; in-4°; in-folio; gr. folio -->
   <note>Exemplaire avec rehauts peints en argent, or et bleu.</note>
   <note>
    <ref target="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31088624r">Notice bibliographique
         dans le Catalogue général</ref>
   </note>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <p>
   <ref target="http://bnf.fr/ark://">Image de la reliure dans l'iconothèque</ref>
<!-- RC-B-05225 (plat sup.) -->
  </p>
  <objectDesc>
   <supportDesc>
    <extent>
     <dimensions type="binding">
      <height unit="mm">170</height>
      <width unit="mm">98</width>
      <depth unit="mm">15</depth>
     </dimensions>
    </extent>
   </supportDesc>
  </objectDesc>
  <bindingDesc>
   <binding contemporary="true">
    <p>
     <index indexName="typo_reliure">
      <term>Reliure à décor</term>
     </index>
     <index indexName="typo_decor">
      <term>Entrelacs géométriques</term>
     </index> Reliure en <material>maroquin</material> brun jaspé</p>
    <decoNote type="plats"> à décor d’entrelacs géométriques (structure de losange et
         rectangle) complété de fers évidés.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_sup">Titre <q>ivvenalis. persivs</q> et ex-libris de Jean
         Grolier <q>io. grolierii et amicorvm.</q> dorés respectivement au centre et au bas
         du plat supérieur. </decoNote>
    <decoNote type="plat_inf">Devise de Jean Grolier<q>portio mea sit in terra
           viventivm</q> dorée au centre du plat inférieur.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="dos">Dos à cinq nerfs, sans décor ; simple filet doré sur chaque
         nerf et en encadrement des caissons ; passages de chaînette marqués de même.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="tranchefiles">Tranchefiles simples unicolores, vert foncé.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="coupes">Filet doré sur les coupes.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="annexes"/>
    <decoNote type="tranches">Tranches dorées.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="contreplats">Contreplats en vélin.</decoNote>
    <decoNote type="chasses">Filet doré sur les chasses.</decoNote>
<!-- Description des gardes : gardes blanches ; gardes couleurs (marbrées, gaufrées, peintes, dominotées, etc.) généralement suivies de gardes blanches ; dans tous les cas, spécifier le nombre de gardes (début + fin du volume)-->
    <decoNote type="gardes">Gardes en papier et vélin (2+1+2 / 2+1+2) ; filigrane au
         pot.<ref>Briquet N° XX</ref>
    </decoNote>
<!-- Élément qui inclut aussi bien des remarques sur la couture que les charnières, claies ou modes d'attaches des plats : tous éléments de la structure dont la description est jugée utile à la description et l'identification de la reliure-->
    <decoNote type="structure">Defet manuscrit utilisé comme claie au contreplat
         inférieur (visible par transparence, sous la contregarde en vélin).</decoNote>
    <condition>Traces de mouillures anciennes plus ou moins importantes au bas des
         feuillets, qui n'ont pas affecté la reliure ; éraflure en tête du plat
         inférieur.</condition>
   </binding>
  </bindingDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin notBefore="1540-01-01"
   notAfter="1547-09-15">
   <p>Reliure exécutée pour Jean Grolier par Jean Picard, Paris, entre 1540 et 1547.</p>
  </origin>
  <provenance>
   <p/>
  </provenance>
  <acquisition notBefore="1680-12-31"
   notAfter="1724-12-31">Estampille n° 1, utilisée de
     la fin du XVIIe siècle à 1724 (page de titre).</acquisition>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <recordHist>
    <source>Notice établie à partir du document original</source>
    <change when="2009-10-05"
     who="#Markova">Description mise à jour le <date type="crea">5 octobre 2009 </date>en vue de l'encodage en TEI des descriptions des reliure
         de la Réserve des livres rares</change>
    <change when="2009-06-01"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description revue le <date type="maj">1er
           juin 2009 </date> par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
    <change when="2009-06-25"
     who="#Le_Bars">Description validée le<date type="valid">25
           juin 2009</date>par Fabienne Le Bars</change>
   </recordHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</msDesc>

<msDesc>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>台北</settlement>
  <repository>CBETA</repository>
  <idno type="cbeta">Taisho Tripitaka Vol. T08, No. 230</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <msItem>
   <author>唐玄奘</author>
   <title>大般若波羅蜜多經電子版本</title>
  </msItem>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>總共有600卷</p>
   <p>亦收錄於高麗藏、嘉興藏、永樂北藏、永樂南藏、乾隆藏、佛教大藏經、中華藏...等。</p>
   <p>唯獨新纂卍續藏未收錄此經</p>
  </objectDesc>
 </physDesc>
</msDesc>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>El</collection>
 <idno>26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Hungary</country>
 <settlement>Budapest</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr"> Bibliothèque de l'Académie des Sciences de Hongrie </repository>
 <collection>Oriental Collection</collection>
 <collection>Sandor Kégl Bequest</collection>
 <idno>MS 1265</idno>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>New Jersey</region>
 <settlement>Princeton</settlement>
 <repository>Princeton University Library</repository>
 <collection>Scheide Library</collection>
 <idno>MS 71</idno>
 <msName>Blickling Homiliary</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <country>Danmark</country>
 <settlement>København</settlement>
 <repository>Det Arnamagnæanske Institut</repository>
 <idno>AM 45 fol.</idno>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Frisianus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="is">Fríssbók</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Rossano</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="it">Biblioteca arcivescovile</repository>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Rossanensis</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="la">Codex purpureus</msName>
 <msName xml:lang="en">The Rossano Gospels</msName>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Madrid</settlement>
 <repository>Biblioteca Nacional</repository>
 <idno>MS 10237</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <region>Andalucia</region>
  <settlement>Osuna</settlement>
  <repository>Duque de Osuna</repository>
  <idno>II-M-5</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Berkeley</settlement>
 <institution>University of California</institution>
 <repository>Bancroft Library</repository>
 <idno>UCB 16</idno>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>2MS BS1145 I8</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

11.4. The Manuscript Identifier

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
 <altIdentifier type="SC">
  <idno>2297</idno>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>France</country>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
 <repository xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France. Réserve des livres rares></repository>
 <idno>B- 73</idno>
<!-- dans le cas des recueils : cote uniquement sans les sous-cotes -->
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>B-121</idno>
  <note> Cote de la bibliothèque royale au XVIIIe siècle (inscrite à l'encre, sur la
     doublure de tabis).</note>
 </altIdentifier>
 <altIdentifier>
  <idno>Double de B. 274. A (Réserve)</idno>
  <note>Cote inscrite face à la page de titre, en remplacement de la cote "1541",
     barrée</note>
 </altIdentifier>
</msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>台北</settlement>
 <repository>故宮博物院</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<institution>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<repository>

<msIdentifier>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Bodleian Library</repository>
 <idno>MS. Bodley 406</idno>
</msIdentifier>

<collection>

<msIdentifier>
 <country>USA</country>
 <region>California</region>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <collection>Ellesmere</collection>
 <idno>El 26 C 9</idno>
 <msName>The Ellesmere Chaucer</msName>
</msIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <settlement>San Marino</settlement>
 <repository>Huntington Library</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>

<altIdentifier>
 <settlement>台北市中正區</settlement>
 <repository>國立歷史博物館</repository>
 <idno>MS.El.26.C.9</idno>
</altIdentifier>

<filiation>

<msContents>
 <msItem>
  <title>Beljakovski sbornik</title>
  <filiation type="protograph">Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="antigraph">Middle Bulgarian</filiation>
  <filiation type="apograph">
   <ref target="#DN17">Dujchev N 17</ref>
  </filiation>
 </msItem>
</msContents>
<!-- ... -->
<msDesc xml:id="DN17">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Faraway</settlement>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- ... -->
</msDesc>

11.10. Manuscript Parts

<msDesc xml:id="KBR_ms_10066-77"
 xml:lang="en" type="composite">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement key="tgn_7007868">Brussels</settlement>
  <repository>Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België / Bibliothèque royale de
     Belgique</repository>
  <idno>ms. 10066-77</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary xml:lang="la">Miscellany of various texts; Prudentius,
     Psychomachia; Physiologus de natura animantium</summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 112r-139r</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
</msDesc>

<msPart>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Amiens</settlement>
  <repository>Bibliothèque Municipale</repository>
  <idno>MS 3</idno>
  <msName>Maurdramnus Bible</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msContents>
  <summary>
   <list>
    <item xml:lang="en">Miscellany of various texts;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Prudentius, Psychomachia;</item>
    <item xml:lang="la">Physiologus de natura animantium</item>
   </list>
  </summary>
  <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
 </msContents>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc form="composite_manuscript"/>
 </physDesc>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <idno>ms. 10066-77 ff. 140r-156v</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary xml:lang="la">Physiologus</summary>
   <textLang mainLang="la">Latin</textLang>
  </msContents>
 </msPart>
 <msPart>
  <msIdentifier>
   <altIdentifier>
    <idno>MS 6</idno>
   </altIdentifier>
  </msIdentifier>
<!-- other information specific to this part here -->
 </msPart>
<!-- more parts here -->
</msDesc>

11.11. Manuscript Fragments

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName xml:lang="la">Codex Suprasliensis</msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Ljubljana</settlement>
   <repository>Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica</repository>
   <idno>MS Kopitar 2</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <summary>Contains ff. 10 to 42 only</summary>
  </msContents>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Warszawa</settlement>
   <repository>Biblioteka Narodowa</repository>
   <idno>BO 3.201</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <settlement>Sankt-Peterburg</settlement>
   <repository>Rossiiskaia natsional'naia biblioteka</repository>
   <idno>Q.p.I.72</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

<msFrag>

<msDesc>
 <msIdentifier>
  <msName>Letter of Carl Maria von Weber to Caroline Brandt. Dresden, 21st to 23rd May 1817 </msName>
 </msIdentifier>
 <history>
  <p>The second part of the letter (Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9) was given to Friedrich Jähns by Caroline von Weber,
     the widow of Carl Maria von Weber. Jähns then handed this fragment over to the Berlin state library in 1881,
     whereas the first part (Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96) remained with the family estate and found its way into the library not until 1956.
     Yet, the identification was already obvious to Jähns who noted <quote>Zu No. 50. 21. Mai 1817 gehörig</quote>
     at the top of his fragment.</p>
 </history>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Mus.ep. Weber, C. M. v. 96</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One double leaf, four written pages without address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
 <msFrag>
  <msIdentifier>
   <country>D</country>
   <settlement>Berlin</settlement>
   <repository>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz</repository>
   <idno>Weberiana Cl.II A a 2, 9</idno>
  </msIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <objectDesc>
    <supportDesc>
     <p>One leaf, two written pages including address.</p>
    </supportDesc>
   </objectDesc>
  </physDesc>
 </msFrag>
</msDesc>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.3. Correction and Conjecture

<msDesc xml:id="Gg">
 <msIdentifier>
  <settlement>Cambridge</settlement>
  <repository>University Library</repository>
  <idno>Gg.1. 27</idno>
 </msIdentifier>
<!-- further description of the manuscript here -->
</msDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName>
 <settlement type="city">Rochester</settlement>, <region type="state">New York</region>
</placeName>

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName>
 <district type="arondissement">6ème</district>
 <settlement type="city">Paris, </settlement>
 <country>France</country>
</placeName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName>
 <measure>20 km</measure>
 <offset>north of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Duncan">
 <measure unit="km" quantity="17.7">11 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northwest of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Providence</settlement>, <region type="state">RI</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>Rochester</settlement>
 <region>New York</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>Bordeaux</settlement>
 <region>Gironde</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>2,5 milles</measure>
 <offset>à l'ouest de la </offset>
 <settlement>Pointe du Raz</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>曼徹斯特</settlement>
 <region>紐約</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>烏魯木齊</settlement>
 <offset>北邊</offset>
 <measure>十哩</measure>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>10 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northeast of</offset>
 <settlement>Attica</settlement>
</placeName>

<settlement>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">Glasgow</settlement>
 <region>Scotland</region>
</placeName>

<settlement>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">Brest</settlement>
 <region>Bretagne</region>
</placeName>

<settlement>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">淡水</settlement>
 <region>台北縣</region>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">Jericho</district>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">La Castellane</district>
 <settlement>Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">Rive gauche</district>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">中環</district>
 <settlement>香港</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">南邊</district>
 <settlement>廣州</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">South Side</district>
 <settlement>Chicago</settlement>
</placeName>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="BGbldg" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="MYF">
 <placeName notAfter="1969">Yasgur's Farm</placeName>
 <placeName notBefore="1969">Woodstock Festival Site</placeName>
 <location>
  <measure>one mile</measure>
  <offset>north west of</offset>
  <settlement>Bethel</settlement>
  <region>New York</region>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locCA" type="cemetery">
 <placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
 <placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
 <location type="geopolitical">
  <country>Italy</country>
  <settlement>Rome</settlement>
  <district>Testaccio</district>
 </location>
 <location type="address">
  <address>
   <addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
   <addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
  </address>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="locLith">
 <country>Lithuania</country>
 <country xml:lang="lt">Lietuva</country>
 <place>
  <settlement>Vilnius</settlement>
 </place>
 <place>
  <settlement>Kaunas</settlement>
 </place>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="wales" type="country">
 <placeName xml:lang="cy">Cymru</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Wales</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallie</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallia</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="fro">Le Waleis</placeName>
 <place xml:id="carmarthenshire"
  type="region">
  <region type="county" xml:lang="en"
   notBefore="1284">Carmarthenshire</region>
  <place xml:id="carmarthen"
   type="settlement">
   <placeName xml:lang="en">Carmarthen</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="la"
    notBefore="1090" notAfter="1300">Kaermerdin</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="cy">Caerfyrddin</placeName>
   <place xml:id="carmarthen_castle"
    type="castle">
    <settlement>castle of Carmarthen</settlement>
   </place>
  </place>
 </place>
</place>

<location>

<place xml:id="BGbuilding" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<person>

<person xml:id="fr_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italie</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Roumanie</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="zh-tw_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="zh-TW">奧維德</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 西元前43年3月20日<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">義大利</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">西元後17或18年<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">羅馬尼亞</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="Ovi01" sex="M" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italy</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Romania</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<place>

<place>
 <country>Lithuania</country>
 <country xml:lang="lt">Lietuva</country>
 <place>
  <settlement>Vilnius</settlement>
 </place>
 <place>
  <settlement>Kaunas</settlement>
 </place>
</place>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Ecosse</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">台北東區帝寶大廈</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>沙鹿</settlement>
  <region>台中</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Scotland</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <region>Oxfordshire</region>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
 <collection>English Treasures</collection>
 <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
 <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
 <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
</objectIdentifier>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<district>

<district> (district) contains the name of any kind of subdivision of a settlement, such as a parish, ward, or other administrative or geographic unit. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage unitDef

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions altIdentifier catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msIdentifier musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">Jericho</district>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<placeName>
 <district type="area">South Side</district>
 <settlement>Chicago</settlement>
</placeName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element district
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <district> (district)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <district> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <district> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<address>

<address>
 <country key="FR"/>
 <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
 <postCode>69002</postCode>
 <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
 <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
 <street>
  <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</street>
</address>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.3.1. Geo-political Place Names

<placeName>
 <district type="arondissement">6ème</district>
 <settlement type="city">Paris, </settlement>
 <country>France</country>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">Jericho</district>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">La Castellane</district>
 <settlement>Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">Rive gauche</district>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">中環</district>
 <settlement>香港</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">南邊</district>
 <settlement>廣州</settlement>
</placeName>

<district>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">South Side</district>
 <settlement>Chicago</settlement>
</placeName>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="BGbldg" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locCA" type="cemetery">
 <placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
 <placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
 <location type="geopolitical">
  <country>Italy</country>
  <settlement>Rome</settlement>
  <district>Testaccio</district>
 </location>
 <location type="address">
  <address>
   <addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
   <addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
  </address>
 </location>
</place>

<location>

<place xml:id="BGbuilding" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<offset>

<offset> (offset) marks that part of a relative temporal or spatial expression which indicates the direction of the offset between the two place names, dates, or times involved in the expression. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.offsetLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<placeName key="NRPA1">
 <offset>50 metres below the summit of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element offset
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <offset> (offset)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <offset> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <offset> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NRPA1">
 <offset>near the top of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName>
 <measure>20 km</measure>
 <offset>north of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Duncan">
 <measure unit="km" quantity="17.7">11 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northwest of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Providence</settlement>, <region type="state">RI</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>2,5 milles</measure>
 <offset>à l'ouest de la </offset>
 <settlement>Pointe du Raz</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>烏魯木齊</settlement>
 <offset>北邊</offset>
 <measure>十哩</measure>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>10 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northeast of</offset>
 <settlement>Attica</settlement>
</placeName>

<offset>

<placeName key="NRPA1">
 <offset>50 metres below the summit of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="Atl" type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="MYF">
 <placeName notAfter="1969">Yasgur's Farm</placeName>
 <placeName notBefore="1969">Woodstock Festival Site</placeName>
 <location>
  <measure>one mile</measure>
  <offset>north west of</offset>
  <settlement>Bethel</settlement>
  <region>New York</region>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="greece">
 <placeName>Greece</placeName>
 <climate>
  <desc>Greece's climate is divided into three well defined classes:</desc>
  <climate>
   <label>Mediterranean</label>
   <desc>It features mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures rarely reach extremes, although snowfalls
       do occur occasionally even in <placeName>Athens</placeName>, <placeName>Cyclades</placeName> or
   <placeName>Crete</placeName> during the winter.</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Alpine</label>
   <desc>It is found primarily in <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Greece</placeName>
       (<placeName>Epirus</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> Greece</placeName>,
   <placeName>Thessaly</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as well as
       central parts of <placeName>Peloponnesus</placeName> like <placeName>Achaea</placeName>,
   <placeName>Arcadia</placeName> and parts of <placeName>Laconia</placeName> where the Alpine range pass
       by)</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Temperate</label>
   <desc>It is found in <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> and <offset>Eastern</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as
       well as in <placeName>Thrace</placeName> at places like <placeName>Komotini</placeName>,
   <placeName>Xanthi</placeName> and <placeName>
     <offset>northern</offset> Evros</placeName>. It features cold,
       damp winters and hot, dry summers.</desc>
  </climate>
 </climate>
</place>

<location>

<place type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

<date when="1786-12-11">
 <date dur="P14D">A fortnight</date>
 <offset>before</offset>
 <date when="1786-12-25" type="holiday">Christmas 1786</date>
</date>

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

I reached the station <time when="14:15:00">
 <time dur="PT30M0S">precisely half an hour</time>
 <offset>after</offset>
 <time when="13:45:00" type="occasion">the departure of the afternoon train to Boston</time>
</time>

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

<date when="--12-02">
 <date>A week</date>
 <offset>before</offset>
 <date when="--12-09">
  <date type="occasion">my birthday</date> on <date>9th December</date>
 </date>
</date>

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

<date when="--12-09">
 <date>A week</date>
 <offset>before</offset>
 <date type="occasion" when="--12-16">my birthday</date> on <date>9th December</date>
</date>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<geogName>

<geogName> (geographical name) identifies a name associated with some geographical feature such as Windrush Valley or Mount Sinai. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeNamePart

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage unitDef

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions altIdentifier catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msIdentifier musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<geogName>
 <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
 <name>Sinai</name>
</geogName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element geogName
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Home

C Elements

Example: <geogName> (geographical name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <geogName> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <geogName> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.3.2. Geographic Names

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:MIRI1"
 type="river">Mississippi River</geogName>

14.2.3.2. Geographic Names

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:MIRI1"
 type="river">
 <name>Mississippi</name>
 <geogFeat>River</geogFeat>
</geogName>

14.2.3.2. Geographic Names

The isolated ridge separates two great corridors which run from <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GLCO1"
 type="place">Glencoe</name> into <geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GLET1"
 type="glen">
 <geogFeat>Glen</geogFeat>
 <name>Etive</name>
</geogName>, the <geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAGA1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Gartain</name>
</geogName> and the
<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NRPA1">
 <offset>near the top of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>Le Massif Armoricain</geogName>
 <region>Bretagne</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>天池</geogName>
 <region>新疆</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>Arrochar Alps</geogName>
 <region>Argylshire</region>
</placeName>

<offset>

<placeName key="NRPA1">
 <offset>50 metres below the summit of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

<geogName>

<geogName>
 <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
 <name>Sinai</name>
</geogName>

<geogName>

<geogName>
 <geogFeat>Dune</geogFeat>du <name>Pilat</name>
</geogName>

<geogName>

<geogName>
 <geogFeat>山峰</geogFeat>
 <name>廬山</name>
</geogName>

<geogFeat>

<geogName>The <geogFeat>vale</geogFeat> of White Horse</geogName>

<geogFeat>

<geogName> le <geogFeat>delta</geogFeat> du Rhône</geogName>

<geogFeat>

<geogName> 玉山<geogFeat>山腳</geogFeat>
</geogName>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd" nymRef="#LAIRG">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName> ... <nym xml:id="LAIRG">
 <form xml:lang="gd">lairig</form>
 <def>sloping hill face</def>
</nym> ...

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<geogFeat>

<geogFeat> (geographical feature name) contains a common noun identifying some geographical feature contained within a geographic name, such as valley, mount, etc. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.offsetLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<geogName>The <geogFeat>vale</geogFeat> of White Horse</geogName>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element geogFeat
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <geogFeat> (geographical feature name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <geogFeat> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <geogFeat> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.3.2. Geographic Names

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:MIRI1"
 type="river">
 <name>Mississippi</name>
 <geogFeat>River</geogFeat>
</geogName>

14.2.3.2. Geographic Names

The isolated ridge separates two great corridors which run from <name ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GLCO1"
 type="place">Glencoe</name> into <geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:GLET1"
 type="glen">
 <geogFeat>Glen</geogFeat>
 <name>Etive</name>
</geogName>, the <geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAGA1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Gartain</name>
</geogName> and the
<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName>

14.2.3.3. Relative Place Names

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NRPA1">
 <offset>near the top of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

<offset>

<placeName key="NRPA1">
 <offset>50 metres below the summit of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

<geogName>

<geogName>
 <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
 <name>Sinai</name>
</geogName>

<geogName>

<geogName>
 <geogFeat>Dune</geogFeat>du <name>Pilat</name>
</geogName>

<geogName>

<geogName>
 <geogFeat>山峰</geogFeat>
 <name>廬山</name>
</geogName>

<geogFeat>

<geogName>The <geogFeat>vale</geogFeat> of White Horse</geogName>

<geogFeat>

<geogName> le <geogFeat>delta</geogFeat> du Rhône</geogName>

<geogFeat>

<geogName> 玉山<geogFeat>山腳</geogFeat>
</geogName>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd" nymRef="#LAIRG">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName> ... <nym xml:id="LAIRG">
 <form xml:lang="gd">lairig</form>
 <def>sloping hill face</def>
</nym> ...

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<eventName>

<eventName> (name of an event) contains a proper noun or noun phrase used to refer to an event. [14.2.4. Event Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.nameLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<listEvent>
 <event from="1939-09-01" to="1945-09-02">
  <eventName xml:lang="de">Zweiter Weltkrieg</eventName>
  <eventName xml:lang="en">World War II</eventName>
  <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079167-1</idno>
  <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362</idno>
  <event from="1939-09-01" to="1939-10-06"
   xml:id="UeberfallAufPolen">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="en">Invasion of Poland</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175002-0</idno>
   <idno type="LOC">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148341</idno>
   <listPlace type="affected">
    <place>
     <placeName xml:lang="pl">Gdańsk</placeName>
     <location>
      <geo>54.350556 18.652778</geo>
     </location>
    </place>
   </listPlace>
  </event>
  <event from="1941-06-22" to="1945-05-09">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076906-9</idno>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189266</idno>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<p>On <date when="1719-03-19">Monday</date>, <rs type="person">she</rs> was writing about the
<eventName ref="#SecondDefPrague">1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName> which initiated the
<rs type="event" ref="#ThirtyYearsWar">long war</rs>.</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element eventName
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <eventName> (name of an event)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <eventName> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <eventName> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.4. Event Names

<p>On <date when="1719-03-19">Monday</date>, <rs type="person">she</rs> was writing about the
<eventName ref="#SecondDefPrague">1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName> which initiated the
<rs type="event" ref="#ThirtyYearsWar">long war</rs>.</p>

<eventName>

<listEvent>
 <event from="1939-09-01" to="1945-09-02">
  <eventName xml:lang="de">Zweiter Weltkrieg</eventName>
  <eventName xml:lang="en">World War II</eventName>
  <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079167-1</idno>
  <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362</idno>
  <event from="1939-09-01" to="1939-10-06"
   xml:id="UeberfallAufPolen">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="en">Invasion of Poland</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175002-0</idno>
   <idno type="LOC">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148341</idno>
   <listPlace type="affected">
    <place>
     <placeName xml:lang="pl">Gdańsk</placeName>
     <location>
      <geo>54.350556 18.652778</geo>
     </location>
    </place>
   </listPlace>
  </event>
  <event from="1941-06-22" to="1945-05-09">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076906-9</idno>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189266</idno>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<eventName>

<p>Mit dem <eventName ref="#UeberfallAufPolen">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
begann der <eventName>Zweite Weltkrieg</eventName>, der in manchen Nachfolgestaaten
der <placeName>Sowjetunion</placeName> auch als <eventName>Großer Vaterländischer Krieg</eventName>
(<eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>) bekannt ist.</p>

<eventName>

<p>On <date when="1719-03-19">Monday</date>, <rs type="person">she</rs> was writing about the
<eventName ref="#SecondDefPrague">1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName> which initiated the
<rs type="event" ref="#ThirtyYearsWar">long war</rs>.</p>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<affiliation>

<affiliation> (affiliation) contains an informal description of a person's present or past affiliation with some organization, for example an employer or sponsor. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

sponsor

recommend

discredit

pledged

Member of

model.addressLike model.persStateLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

If included, the name of an organization may be tagged using either the name element as above, or the more specific orgName element.

Example

<affiliation>Junior project officer for the US <name type="org">National Endowment for
   the Humanities</name>
</affiliation>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

This example indicates that the person was affiliated with the Australian Journalists Association at some point between the dates listed.

<affiliation notAfter="1960-01-01"
 notBefore="1957-02-28">Paid up member of the
<orgName>Australian Journalists Association</orgName>
</affiliation>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

This example indicates that the person was affiliated with Mount Holyoke College throughout the entire span of the date range listed.

<affiliation from="1902-01-01"
 to="1906-01-01">Was an assistant professor at Mount Holyoke College.</affiliation>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element affiliation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <affiliation> (affiliation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <affiliation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <affiliation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

9. Computer-mediated Communication

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<affiliation>

<affiliation>Junior project officer for the US <name type="org">National Endowment for
   the Humanities</name>
</affiliation>

<affiliation>

<affiliation notAfter="1960-01-01"
 notBefore="1957-02-28">Paid up member of the
<orgName>Australian Journalists Association</orgName>
</affiliation>

<affiliation>

<affiliation from="1902-01-01"
 to="1906-01-01">Was an assistant professor at Mount Holyoke College.</affiliation>

<affiliation>

<affiliation>associé étranger de <name type="org">l'Académie des Inscriptions et
   Belles-Lettres</name>
</affiliation>
<affiliation notAfter="1960-01-01"
 notBefore="1957-02-28">Chargé de cours, puis professeur
d’archéologie (1949-1981) et doyen (1958-1961) <orgName>à la Faculté des lettres
   d’Ankara</orgName>.</affiliation>

<affiliation>

<affiliation>
 <name type="org">國際獅子會</name>台灣區理監事

</affiliation>
<affiliation notAfter="1960-01-01"
 notBefore="1957-02-28">
 <orgName>澳洲記者協會</orgName>的付費會員
</affiliation>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<age>

<age> (age) specifies the age of a person. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

western

sui

subjective

objective

inWorld

(in world) age of a fictional character at the time the story takes place, rather than at the time the story is told

chronological

biological

psychological

functional

value value⚓︎
supplies a numeric code representing the age or age group.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Note

This attribute may be used to complement a more detailed discussion of a person's age in the content of the element

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

As with other culturally-constructed traits such as sex, the way in which this concept is described in different cultural contexts may vary. The normalizing attributes are provided as a means of simplifying that variety to Western European norms and should not be used where that is inappropriate. The content of the element may be used to describe the intended concept in more detail, using plain text.

Example

<age value="2" notAfter="1986">under 20 in the early eighties</age>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element age
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute value { teidata.count }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <age> (age)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <age> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <age> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<age>

<age value="2" notAfter="1986">under 20 in the early eighties</age>

<age>

<age value="2" notAfter="1986">ayant une vingtaine d'années au début des années 70</age>

<age>

<age value="2" notAfter="1986">在八○年代早期不到二十歲</age>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<birth>

<birth> (birth) contains information about a person's birth, such as its date and place. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

caesarean

(caesarean section)

vaginal

(vaginal delivery)

exNihilo

(ex nihilo)

incorporated

founded

established

Member of

model.personPart

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<birth>Before 1920, Midlands region.</birth>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<birth when="1960-12-10">In a small cottage near <name type="place">Aix-la-Chapelle</name>,
early in the morning of <date>10 Dec 1960</date>
</birth>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element birth
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <birth> (birth)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <birth> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <birth> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.6. Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

<person xml:id="HOC001">
 <persName>
  <surname>Hoccleve</surname>
  <forename>Thomas</forename>
 </persName>
 <birth notBefore="1368"/>
 <occupation>poet</occupation>
<!-- other personal data -->
</person>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<birth when="1857-03-15">15 March 1857.</birth>

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<birth notBefore="1857-03-01"
 notAfter="1857-04-30">Some time in March or April of 1857.</birth>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>Miss Major</forename>
  <surname>Griffin-Gracy</surname>
 </persName>
 <birth when="1940-10-25"/>
 <gender value="transWoman"
  evidence="selfIdentification">trans woman</gender>
 <persPronouns value="she"
  evidence="selfIdentification"/>
 <note>
  <p>Veteran of the Stonewall Riots. Founder of the
     Griffin-Gracy Educational Retreat and Historical
     Center (the House of GG). Activist and advocate for
     transgender and gender-nonconforming people of
     color.</p>
 </note>
</person>

<birth>

<birth>Before 1920, Midlands region.</birth>

<birth>

<birth>Années 20, dans les Pouilles.</birth>

<birth>

<birth when="1901-01-16"> Elle est née le<date> 16 janvier 1901</date> à <name type="place">Louvres</name>, alors commune de <name type="place">Seine-et-Oise</name> (aujourd'hui
dans le <name type="place">Val-d'Oise</name>), au nord-ouest de l'actuel aéroport de<name type="place"> Roissy</name>. </birth>

<birth>

<birth>早於1920的上海租界</birth>

<birth>

<birth when="1960-12-10">
 <date>1960年12月10日</date>早晨，在一個靠近<name type="place">龍山寺</name>的小平房裡
</birth>

<birth>

<birth when="1960-12-10">In a small cottage near <name type="place">Aix-la-Chapelle</name>,
early in the morning of <date>10 Dec 1960</date>
</birth>

<person>

<person xml:id="fr_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italie</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Roumanie</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="zh-tw_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="zh-TW">奧維德</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 西元前43年3月20日<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">義大利</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">西元後17或18年<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">羅馬尼亞</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="Ovi01" sex="M" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italy</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Romania</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person age="G2" role="author"
 xml:id="W0212" sex="F">
 <birth when="1787"/>
 <death when="1855"/>
 <persName type="main">Mitford, Mary Russell (1787–1855)</persName>
 <persName resp="#Nicoll">MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL</persName>
 <listBibl type="lacyTitles">
  <desc>Lacy's Acting Editions</desc>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1280">Foscari</ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1337">Rienzi</ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
 <listRef type="seeAlso">
  <ref target="https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1386">ATCL</ref>
  <ref target="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18859">ODNB</ref>
  <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford">Wikipedia</ref>
  <ref target="https://digitalmitford.org">Digital Mitford</ref>
 </listRef>
</person>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

16. Language Corpora

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<climate>

<climate> (climate) contains information about the physical climate of a place. [14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeStateLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc climate country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: precision

core: bibl biblStruct desc head label listBibl note noteGrp p

header: biblFull

linking: ab

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: climate

Example

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="precision" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <classRef key="model.labelLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="climate" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element climate
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      precision*,
      model.headLike*,
      ( model.pLike+ | model.labelLike+ ),
      ( model.noteLike | model.biblLike )*,
      climate*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <climate> (climate)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <climate> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <climate> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="greece">
 <placeName>Greece</placeName>
 <climate>
  <desc>Greece's climate is divided into three well defined classes:</desc>
  <climate>
   <label>Mediterranean</label>
   <desc>It features mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures rarely reach extremes, although snowfalls
       do occur occasionally even in <placeName>Athens</placeName>, <placeName>Cyclades</placeName> or
   <placeName>Crete</placeName> during the winter.</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Alpine</label>
   <desc>It is found primarily in <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Greece</placeName>
       (<placeName>Epirus</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> Greece</placeName>,
   <placeName>Thessaly</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as well as
       central parts of <placeName>Peloponnesus</placeName> like <placeName>Achaea</placeName>,
   <placeName>Arcadia</placeName> and parts of <placeName>Laconia</placeName> where the Alpine range pass
       by)</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Temperate</label>
   <desc>It is found in <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> and <offset>Eastern</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as
       well as in <placeName>Thrace</placeName> at places like <placeName>Komotini</placeName>,
   <placeName>Xanthi</placeName> and <placeName>
     <offset>northern</offset> Evros</placeName>. It features cold,
       damp winters and hot, dry summers.</desc>
  </climate>
 </climate>
</place>

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

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C Elements

<death>

<death> (death) contains information about a person's death, such as its date and place. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

proclaimed

assumed

verified

clinical

brain

natural

unnatural

fragmentation

dissolution

Note

This attribute is not intended to express the cause of death.

Member of

model.personPart

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<death when="1902-10-01"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<death when="1960-12-10">Passed away near <name type="place">Aix-la-Chapelle</name>, after suffering from cerebral palsy. </death>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element death
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <death> (death)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <death> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <death> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<death notBefore="1579-08-22"
 notAfter="1582-03-28"/>

<death>

<death when="1902-10-01"/>

<death>

<death when="1902-10-01"/>

<death>

<death when="1953-04-07">Ma mère est morte le 7 avril.</death>

<death>

<death when="1960-12-10">在<name type="place">北大教堂</name>附近死於腦性麻痺</death>

<death>

<death when="1960-12-10">Passed away near <name type="place">Aix-la-Chapelle</name>, after suffering from cerebral palsy. </death>

<person>

<person xml:id="fr_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italie</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Roumanie</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="zh-tw_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="zh-TW">奧維德</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 西元前43年3月20日<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">義大利</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">西元後17或18年<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">羅馬尼亞</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="Ovi01" sex="M" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italy</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Romania</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person age="G2" role="author"
 xml:id="W0212" sex="F">
 <birth when="1787"/>
 <death when="1855"/>
 <persName type="main">Mitford, Mary Russell (1787–1855)</persName>
 <persName resp="#Nicoll">MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL</persName>
 <listBibl type="lacyTitles">
  <desc>Lacy's Acting Editions</desc>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1280">Foscari</ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1337">Rienzi</ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
 <listRef type="seeAlso">
  <ref target="https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1386">ATCL</ref>
  <ref target="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18859">ODNB</ref>
  <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford">Wikipedia</ref>
  <ref target="https://digitalmitford.org">Digital Mitford</ref>
 </listRef>
</person>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<education>

<education> (education) contains a description of the educational experience of a person. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

primary

secondary

undergraduate

graduate

residency

apprenticeship

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<education>Left school at age 16</education>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<education from="1986-01-01"
 to="1990-06-30">Attended <name>Cherwell School</name>
</education>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<education notBefore="1685-07"
 notAfter="1690-06">Anthony Hammond
smuggled her into the University of Cambridge, where she was
disguised as his male cousin, Jack. She remained there for some
months learning grammar, logic, rhetoric, and ethics</education>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element education
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <education> (education)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <education> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <education> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<education>

<education>Left school at age 16</education>

<education>

<education from="1986-01-01"
 to="1990-06-30">Attended <name>Cherwell School</name>
</education>

<education>

<education notBefore="1685-07"
 notAfter="1690-06">Anthony Hammond
smuggled her into the University of Cambridge, where she was
disguised as his male cousin, Jack. She remained there for some
months learning grammar, logic, rhetoric, and ethics</education>

<education>

<education>quitte l'école à 16 ans</education>
<education notBefore="1986-01-01"
 notAfter="1990-06-30">intègre la <name>Cherwell School</name>
</education>

<education>

<education>16歲離開學校</education>
<education notBefore="1986-01-01"
 notAfter="1990-06-30">就讀<name>清華大學</name>
</education>

16. Language Corpora

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<event>

<event> (event) contains data relating to anything of significance that happens in time. [14.3.1. Basic Principles]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.locatable

@where

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.eventLike

Contained by

namesdates: event listEvent org person personGrp persona place

May contain

core: bibl biblStruct desc head label listBibl note noteGrp p ptr ref

header: biblFull idno

linking: ab link linkGrp

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: event eventName listEvent listObject listPerson listPlace listRelation object org person personGrp place relation

tagdocs: listRef

Example

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<person>
 <event type="mat" when="1972-10-12">
  <label>matriculation</label>
 </event>
 <event type="grad" when="1975-06-23">
  <label>graduation</label>
 </event>
</person>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="idno" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <classRef key="model.labelLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <elementRef key="eventName"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
   <elementRef key="linkGrp"/>
   <elementRef key="link"/>
   <elementRef key="idno"/>
  </alternate>
  <classRef key="model.eventLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.personLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="listPerson"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.placeLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="listPlace"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
  <classRef key="model.objectLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="relation" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="listRelation"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element event
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.locatable.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      idno*,
      model.headLike*,
      ( model.pLike+ | model.labelLike+ | eventName+ ),
      (
         model.noteLike
       | model.biblLike
       | model.ptrLike
       | linkGrp
       | link
       | idno
      )*,
      model.eventLike*,
      ( model.personLike | listPerson )*,
      ( model.placeLike | listPlace )*,
      model.objectLike*,
      ( relation | listRelation )*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <event> (event)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <event> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <event> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datable.custom

<event xml:id="FIRE1"
 datingMethod="#julian" from-custom="1666-09-02"
 to-custom="1666-09-05">
 <head>The Great Fire of London</head>
 <p>The Great Fire of London burned through a large part
   of the city of London.</p>
</event>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<event xml:id="eMBB" from="1955-12-01"
 to="1956-12-20">
 <label>Montgomery Bus Boycott</label>
 <desc>A political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of
   the city of <placeName ref="#MONT">Montgomery</placeName>.</desc>
</event>

<eventName>

<listEvent>
 <event from="1939-09-01" to="1945-09-02">
  <eventName xml:lang="de">Zweiter Weltkrieg</eventName>
  <eventName xml:lang="en">World War II</eventName>
  <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079167-1</idno>
  <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362</idno>
  <event from="1939-09-01" to="1939-10-06"
   xml:id="UeberfallAufPolen">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="en">Invasion of Poland</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175002-0</idno>
   <idno type="LOC">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148341</idno>
   <listPlace type="affected">
    <place>
     <placeName xml:lang="pl">Gdańsk</placeName>
     <location>
      <geo>54.350556 18.652778</geo>
     </location>
    </place>
   </listPlace>
  </event>
  <event from="1941-06-22" to="1945-05-09">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076906-9</idno>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189266</idno>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<event type="birth" resp="#XYZ" cert="high">
 <p>Born in <name type="place">Brixton</name> on 8 January
   1947.</p>
</event>
<event type="birth" resp="#ABC" cert="low">
 <p>Born in <name type="place">Berkhamsted</name> on 9 January
   1947.</p>
</event>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<person>
 <event type="mat" when="1972-10-12">
  <label>matriculation</label>
 </event>
 <event type="grad" when="1975-06-23">
  <label>graduation</label>
 </event>
</person>

<event>

<person>
 <event type="mat" when="1972-10-12">
  <label>inscription</label>
 </event>
 <event type="grad" when="1975-06-23">
  <label>diplômé</label>
 </event>
</person>

<event>

<person>
 <event type="mat" when="1972-10-12">
  <label>入學</label>
 </event>
 <event type="grad" when="1975-06-23">
  <label>畢業</label>
 </event>
</person>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<listEvent>

<listEvent>
 <head>Battles of the American Civil War: Kentucky</head>
 <event xml:id="event01" when="1861-09-19">
  <label>Barbourville</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Barbourville was one of the early engagements of
     the American Civil War. It occurred September 19, 1861, in Knox
     County, Kentucky during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate
     Offensive. The battle is considered the first Confederate victory in
     the commonwealth, and threw a scare into Federal commanders, who
     rushed troops to central Kentucky in an effort to repel the invasion,
     which was finally thwarted at the <ref target="#event02">Battle of
       Camp Wildcat</ref> in October.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event02" when="1861-10-21">
  <label>Camp Wild Cat</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Camp Wildcat (also known as Wildcat Mountain and Camp
     Wild Cat) was one of the early engagements of the American Civil
     War. It occurred October 21, 1861, in northern Laurel County, Kentucky
     during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate Offensive. The
     battle is considered one of the very first Union victories, and marked
     the first engagement of troops in the commonwealth of Kentucky.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event03" from="1864-06-11"
  to="1864-06-12">
  <label>Cynthiana</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Cynthiana (or Kellar’s Bridge) was an engagement
     during the American Civil War that was fought on June 11 and 12, 1864,
     in Harrison County, Kentucky, near the town of Cynthiana. A part of
     Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan's 1864 Raid into
     Kentucky, the battle resulted in a victory by Union forces over the
     raiders and saved the town from capture.</desc>
 </event>
</listEvent>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
 <listEvent>
  <event when="1713"
   ref="https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832/2">
   <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
<!-- The following example presupposes that the editors of the TEI document decided to understand legislation or a treaty as an <gi>event</gi>, which itself may be considered a shortcut for several events that led up to the existence or validity of the law or treaty (e.g. the signing of a treaty could also be modeled as an event, and the result on paper could be encoded as an <gi>object</gi> or <gi>bibl</gi>). -->
   <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay Company</orgName> territories in
   <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>, <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and
       recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
       North American possessions, including
   <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName>
       (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward Island</placeName>)...</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
   <label>Quebec Act</label>
   <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith and restored use of the
       French Civil Code for private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been expanded in territory
       following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
   <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
   <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty
       between the newly formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this case, the
   <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
</standOff>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.5. Events

<event type="meeting" when="2007-05-29">
 <desc>All day meeting to resolve content models</desc>
 <event type="preamble" notAfter="13:00:00">
  <desc>first part</desc>
 </event>
 <event type="conclusions"
  notBefore="13:00:00">
  <desc>second part</desc>
 </event>
</event>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<faith>

<faith> (faith) specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

practicing

clandestine

patrilineal

matrilineal

convert

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<faith>protestant</faith>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<faith ref="http://dbpedia.org/page/Manichaeism">Manichaeism</faith>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element faith
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <faith> (faith)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <faith> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <faith> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<faith>

<faith>protestant</faith>

<faith>

<faith ref="http://dbpedia.org/page/Manichaeism">Manichaeism</faith>

<faith>

<faith>protestant</faith>

<faith>

<faith>清教徒</faith>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<floruit>

<floruit> (floruit) contains information about a person's period of activity. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<floruit notBefore="1066" notAfter="1100"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element floruit
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <floruit> (floruit)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <floruit> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <floruit> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person xml:id="simon_son_of_richard2">
 <persName>Simon, son of Richard</persName>
 <residence>
  <placeName>
   <region>Essex</region>
  </placeName>
 </residence>
 <floruit notBefore="1219" notAfter="1223">1219-1223</floruit>
</person>

<floruit>

<floruit notBefore="1066" notAfter="1100"/>

<floruit>

<person>
 <persName>François Villon</persName>
 <floruit notBefore="1457" notAfter="1463"/>
</person>

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C Elements

<gender>

<gender> (gender) specifies the gender identity of a person, persona, or character. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

value value⚓︎
supplies a coded value for gender identity.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.gender separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

As with other culturally-constructed traits such as age and sex, the way in which this concept is described in different cultural contexts varies. The normalizing attributes are provided only as an optional means of simplifying that variety for purposes of interoperability or project-internal taxonomies for consistency, and should not be used where that is inappropriate or unhelpful. The content of the element may be used to describe the intended concept in more detail.

Example

<gender value="W">woman</gender>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<gender value="NB">non-binary</gender>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element gender
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute value { list { teidata.gender+ } }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <gender> (gender)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <gender> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <gender> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>Miss Major</forename>
  <surname>Griffin-Gracy</surname>
 </persName>
 <birth when="1940-10-25"/>
 <gender value="transWoman"
  evidence="selfIdentification">trans woman</gender>
 <persPronouns value="she"
  evidence="selfIdentification"/>
 <note>
  <p>Veteran of the Stonewall Riots. Founder of the
     Griffin-Gracy Educational Retreat and Historical
     Center (the House of GG). Activist and advocate for
     transgender and gender-nonconforming people of
     color.</p>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<sex value="F">female</sex>
<gender value="W">woman</gender>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<sex value="F"/>
<gender value="W"/>

<gender>

<gender value="W">woman</gender>

<gender>

<gender value="NB">non-binary</gender>

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C Elements

<geo>

<geo> (geographical coordinates) contains any expression of a set of geographic coordinates, representing a point, line, or area on the surface of the earth in some notation. [14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

Member of

model.measureLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure measureGrp meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Character data only

Note

Uses of geo can be associated with a coordinate system, defined by a geoDecl element supplied in the TEI header, using the decls attribute. If no such link is made, the assumption is that the content of each geo element will be a pair of numbers separated by whitespace, to be interpreted as latitude followed by longitude according to the World Geodetic System.

Example

<geoDecl xml:id="WGS" datum="WGS84">World Geodetic System</geoDecl>
<geoDecl xml:id="OS" datum="OSGB36">Ordnance Survey</geoDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<location>
 <desc>A tombstone plus six lines of
   Anglo-Saxon text, built into the west tower (on the south side
   of the archway, at 8 ft. above the ground) of the
   Church of St. Mary-le-Wigford in Lincoln.</desc>
 <geo decls="#WGS">53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <geo decls="#OS">SK 97481 70947</geo>
</location>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<geo>41.687142 -74.870109</geo>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element geo
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   text
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <geo> (geographical coordinates)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <geo> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <geo> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<listEvent>
 <event from="1939-09-01" to="1945-09-02">
  <eventName xml:lang="de">Zweiter Weltkrieg</eventName>
  <eventName xml:lang="en">World War II</eventName>
  <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079167-1</idno>
  <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362</idno>
  <event from="1939-09-01" to="1939-10-06"
   xml:id="UeberfallAufPolen">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="en">Invasion of Poland</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175002-0</idno>
   <idno type="LOC">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148341</idno>
   <listPlace type="affected">
    <place>
     <placeName xml:lang="pl">Gdańsk</placeName>
     <location>
      <geo>54.350556 18.652778</geo>
     </location>
    </place>
   </listPlace>
  </event>
  <event from="1941-06-22" to="1945-05-09">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076906-9</idno>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189266</idno>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.1. Basic Principles

<place xml:id="Rome">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>41.891775 12.486137</geo>
 </location>
 <idno type="Pleiades">423025</idno>
 <note>capital of the Roman Empire</note>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="LYON1" type="city">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>45.769559 4.834843</geo>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locLyon" type="city"
   xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>
   <gml:Polygon>
    <gml:exterior>
     <gml:LinearRing> 45.256 -110.45 46.46 -109.48 43.84 -109.86 45.8 -109.2 45.256 -110.45 </gml:LinearRing>
    </gml:exterior>
   </gml:Polygon>
  </geo>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<location>
 <geo>53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <bibl>
  <title>Roman Inscriptions of Britain</title>, <idno>262</idno>
 </bibl>
</location>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="pl-c-H" type="county">
 <placeName>Herefordshire</placeName>
 <listPlace type="villages">
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AD">
   <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AB">
   <placeName>Acton Beauchamp</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
 <listPlace type="towns">
  <place xml:id="pl-t-H">
   <placeName>Hereford</placeName>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-t-L">
   <placeName>Leominster</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
</place>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<geo>

<geoDecl xml:id="WGS" datum="WGS84">World Geodetic System</geoDecl>
<geoDecl xml:id="OS" datum="OSGB36">Ordnance Survey</geoDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<location>
 <desc>A tombstone plus six lines of
   Anglo-Saxon text, built into the west tower (on the south side
   of the archway, at 8 ft. above the ground) of the
   Church of St. Mary-le-Wigford in Lincoln.</desc>
 <geo decls="#WGS">53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <geo decls="#OS">SK 97481 70947</geo>
</location>

<geo>

<geo>41.687142 -74.870109</geo>

<geo>

<geo decls="#BYDEGREES">W 8°37'--W 6°00'/N 34°00'--N 31°57'</geo>

<location>

<place>
 <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

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C Elements

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge> (language knowledge) summarizes the state of a person's linguistic knowledge, either as prose or by a list of langKnown elements. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

listening

speaking

reading

writing

tags tags⚓︎
supplies one or more valid language tags for the languages specified.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.language separated by whitespace

Note

This attribute should be supplied only if the element contains no langKnown children. Its values are language ‘tags’ as defined in RFC 4646 or its successor

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

certainty: precision

core: p

linking: ab

namesdates: langKnown

Example

<langKnowledge tags="en-GB fr">
 <p>British English and French</p>
</langKnowledge>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<langKnowledge>
 <langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">British English</langKnown>
 <langKnown tag="fr" level="M">French</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="precision" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <elementRef key="langKnown"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element langKnowledge
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute tags { list { teidata.language+ } }?,
   ( precision*, ( model.pLike | langKnown+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <langKnowledge> (language knowledge)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <langKnowledge> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <langKnowledge> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<langKnowledge tags="ff fr wo en">
 <p>Speaks fluent Fulani, Wolof, and French. Some knowledge of
   English.</p>
</langKnowledge>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<langKnowledge>
 <langKnown level="fluent" tag="ff">Fulani</langKnown>
 <langKnown level="fluent" tag="wo">Wolof</langKnown>
 <langKnown level="fluent" tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 <langKnown level="basic" tag="en">English</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge tags="en-GB fr">
 <p>British English and French</p>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge tags="en-GB fr">
 <p>Anglais britannique et français</p>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>
 <langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">Anglais britannique </langKnown>
 <langKnown tag="fr" level="M">Français</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge tags="en-GB fr">
 <p>英式英文與法文</p>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>
 <langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">英式英文</langKnown>
 <langKnown tag="fr" level="M">法文</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>
 <langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">British English</langKnown>
 <langKnown tag="fr" level="M">French</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnown>

<person sex="m" role="speaker collaborator">
<!-- other details omitted -->
 <langKnowledge>
  <langKnown tag="mix">Mixtepec-Mixtec</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="es">Spanish</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
</person>

16. Language Corpora

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<langKnown>

<langKnown> (language known) summarizes the state of a person's linguistic competence, i.e., knowledge of a single language. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

tag tag⚓︎
supplies a valid language tag for the language concerned.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.language

Note

The value for this attribute should be a language ‘tag’ as defined in BCP 47.

level level⚓︎
a code indicating the person's level of knowledge for this language.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.word

Contained by

namesdates: langKnowledge

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">British English</langKnown>
<langKnown tag="fr" level="M">French</langKnown>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<person sex="m" role="speaker collaborator">
<!-- other details omitted -->
 <langKnowledge>
  <langKnown tag="mix">Mixtepec-Mixtec</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="es">Spanish</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
</person>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element langKnown
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   attribute tag { teidata.language },
   attribute level { teidata.word }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <langKnown> (language known)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <langKnown> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <langKnown> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<langKnowledge>
 <langKnown level="fluent" tag="ff">Fulani</langKnown>
 <langKnown level="fluent" tag="wo">Wolof</langKnown>
 <langKnown level="fluent" tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 <langKnown level="basic" tag="en">English</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>
 <langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">Anglais britannique </langKnown>
 <langKnown tag="fr" level="M">Français</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>
 <langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">英式英文</langKnown>
 <langKnown tag="fr" level="M">法文</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>

<langKnowledge>
 <langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">British English</langKnown>
 <langKnown tag="fr" level="M">French</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>

<langKnown>

<langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">British English</langKnown>
<langKnown tag="fr" level="M">French</langKnown>

<langKnown>

<person sex="m" role="speaker collaborator">
<!-- other details omitted -->
 <langKnowledge>
  <langKnown tag="mix">Mixtepec-Mixtec</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="es">Spanish</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
</person>

<langKnown>

<langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">Anglais britannique</langKnown>
<langKnown tag="fr" level="M">Français</langKnown>

<langKnown>

<langKnown tag="en-GB" level="H">英式英文</langKnown>
<langKnown tag="fr" level="M">法文</langKnown>

16. Language Corpora

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<listOrg>

<listOrg> (list of organizations) contains a list of elements, each of which provides information about an identifiable organization. [14.2.2. Organizational Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declarable

@default

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.listLike model.orgPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

corpus: particDesc

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: listOrg occupation org

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc head

namesdates: listOrg listRelation org relation

Note

The type attribute may be used to distinguish lists of organizations of a particular type if convenient.

Example

<listOrg>
 <head>Libyans</head>
 <org>
  <orgName>Adyrmachidae</orgName>
  <desc>These people have, in most points, the same customs as the Egyptians, but
     use the costume of the Libyans. Their women wear on each leg a ring made of
     bronze [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Nasamonians</orgName>
  <desc>In summer they leave their flocks and herds upon the sea-shore, and go up
     the country to a place called Augila, where they gather the dates from the
     palms [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Garamantians</orgName>
  <desc>[...] avoid all society or intercourse with their fellow-men, have no
     weapon of war, and do not know how to defend themselves. [...]</desc>
<!-- ... -->
 </org>
</listOrg>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:listOrg"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="relation" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="listRelation"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <alternate minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="org" minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listOrg" minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="relation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listRelation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listOrg
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.headLike*,
      desc*,
      ( relation | listRelation )*,
      ( ( ( org | listOrg )+, ( relation | listRelation )* )+ )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <listOrg> (list of organizations)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listOrg> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listOrg> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<p>The TEI institutional hosts are: <listOrg>
  <org xml:id="bu">
   <orgName>Brown University</orgName>
   <desc>The host contribution is made jointly by the <name type="project">Brown University Women Writers
         Project</name> and the <orgName>Brown University Library's Center for Digital Initiatives</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="na">
   <orgName>Nancy</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by a group of institutions located in Nancy, France, coordinated by
   <orgName>Loria</orgName> and also including <orgName>ATILF</orgName> and <orgName>INIST</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="ou">
   <orgName>Oxford University</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by the <orgName>Research Technologies Service</orgName> at <orgName>Oxford University
         Computing Services</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="uv">
   <orgName>University of Virginia</orgName>
   <desc>Virginia's host support comes jointly from the <orgName>Institute for Advanced Technology in the
         Humanities</orgName> and the <orgName>University of Virginia Library</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
 </listOrg>
</p>

<listOrg>

<listOrg>
 <head>Libyans</head>
 <org>
  <orgName>Adyrmachidae</orgName>
  <desc>These people have, in most points, the same customs as the Egyptians, but
     use the costume of the Libyans. Their women wear on each leg a ring made of
     bronze [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Nasamonians</orgName>
  <desc>In summer they leave their flocks and herds upon the sea-shore, and go up
     the country to a place called Augila, where they gather the dates from the
     palms [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Garamantians</orgName>
  <desc>[...] avoid all society or intercourse with their fellow-men, have no
     weapon of war, and do not know how to defend themselves. [...]</desc>
<!-- ... -->
 </org>
</listOrg>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<listEvent>

<listEvent> (list of events) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable event. [14.3.1. Basic Principles]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declarable

@default

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.eventLike model.listLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: event listEvent occupation org person personGrp persona place

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc head

namesdates: event listEvent listRelation relation

Example

<listEvent>
 <head>Battles of the American Civil War: Kentucky</head>
 <event xml:id="event01" when="1861-09-19">
  <label>Barbourville</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Barbourville was one of the early engagements of
     the American Civil War. It occurred September 19, 1861, in Knox
     County, Kentucky during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate
     Offensive. The battle is considered the first Confederate victory in
     the commonwealth, and threw a scare into Federal commanders, who
     rushed troops to central Kentucky in an effort to repel the invasion,
     which was finally thwarted at the <ref target="#event02">Battle of
       Camp Wildcat</ref> in October.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event02" when="1861-10-21">
  <label>Camp Wild Cat</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Camp Wildcat (also known as Wildcat Mountain and Camp
     Wild Cat) was one of the early engagements of the American Civil
     War. It occurred October 21, 1861, in northern Laurel County, Kentucky
     during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate Offensive. The
     battle is considered one of the very first Union victories, and marked
     the first engagement of troops in the commonwealth of Kentucky.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event03" from="1864-06-11"
  to="1864-06-12">
  <label>Cynthiana</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Cynthiana (or Kellar’s Bridge) was an engagement
     during the American Civil War that was fought on June 11 and 12, 1864,
     in Harrison County, Kentucky, near the town of Cynthiana. A part of
     Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan's 1864 Raid into
     Kentucky, the battle resulted in a victory by Union forces over the
     raiders and saved the town from capture.</desc>
 </event>
</listEvent>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:listEvent"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="relation" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="listRelation"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.eventLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="relation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listRelation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listEvent
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.headLike*,
      desc*,
      ( relation | listRelation )*,
      ( ( model.eventLike+, ( relation | listRelation )* )+ )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <listEvent> (list of events)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listEvent> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listEvent> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<listEvent>
 <event from="1939-09-01" to="1945-09-02">
  <eventName xml:lang="de">Zweiter Weltkrieg</eventName>
  <eventName xml:lang="en">World War II</eventName>
  <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079167-1</idno>
  <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362</idno>
  <event from="1939-09-01" to="1939-10-06"
   xml:id="UeberfallAufPolen">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="en">Invasion of Poland</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175002-0</idno>
   <idno type="LOC">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148341</idno>
   <listPlace type="affected">
    <place>
     <placeName xml:lang="pl">Gdańsk</placeName>
     <location>
      <geo>54.350556 18.652778</geo>
     </location>
    </place>
   </listPlace>
  </event>
  <event from="1941-06-22" to="1945-05-09">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076906-9</idno>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189266</idno>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<listEvent>

<listEvent>
 <head>Battles of the American Civil War: Kentucky</head>
 <event xml:id="event01" when="1861-09-19">
  <label>Barbourville</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Barbourville was one of the early engagements of
     the American Civil War. It occurred September 19, 1861, in Knox
     County, Kentucky during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate
     Offensive. The battle is considered the first Confederate victory in
     the commonwealth, and threw a scare into Federal commanders, who
     rushed troops to central Kentucky in an effort to repel the invasion,
     which was finally thwarted at the <ref target="#event02">Battle of
       Camp Wildcat</ref> in October.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event02" when="1861-10-21">
  <label>Camp Wild Cat</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Camp Wildcat (also known as Wildcat Mountain and Camp
     Wild Cat) was one of the early engagements of the American Civil
     War. It occurred October 21, 1861, in northern Laurel County, Kentucky
     during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate Offensive. The
     battle is considered one of the very first Union victories, and marked
     the first engagement of troops in the commonwealth of Kentucky.</desc>
 </event>
 <event xml:id="event03" from="1864-06-11"
  to="1864-06-12">
  <label>Cynthiana</label>
  <desc>The Battle of Cynthiana (or Kellar’s Bridge) was an engagement
     during the American Civil War that was fought on June 11 and 12, 1864,
     in Harrison County, Kentucky, near the town of Cynthiana. A part of
     Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan's 1864 Raid into
     Kentucky, the battle resulted in a victory by Union forces over the
     raiders and saved the town from capture.</desc>
 </event>
</listEvent>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
 <listEvent>
  <event when="1713"
   ref="https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832/2">
   <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
<!-- The following example presupposes that the editors of the TEI document decided to understand legislation or a treaty as an <gi>event</gi>, which itself may be considered a shortcut for several events that led up to the existence or validity of the law or treaty (e.g. the signing of a treaty could also be modeled as an event, and the result on paper could be encoded as an <gi>object</gi> or <gi>bibl</gi>). -->
   <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay Company</orgName> territories in
   <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>, <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and
       recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
       North American possessions, including
   <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName>
       (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward Island</placeName>)...</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
   <label>Quebec Act</label>
   <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith and restored use of the
       French Civil Code for private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been expanded in territory
       following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
   <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
   <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty
       between the newly formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this case, the
   <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
</standOff>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<listPerson>

<listPerson> (list of persons) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable person or a group of people, for example the participants in a language interaction, or the people referred to in a historical source. [14.3.2. The Person Element 16.2. Contextual Information 2.4. The Profile Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declarable

@default

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.listLike model.orgPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

corpus: particDesc

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: event listPerson occupation org

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc head

namesdates: listPerson listRelation org person personGrp relation

Note

The type attribute may be used to distinguish lists of people of a particular type if convenient.

Example

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#P1234 #P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:listPerson"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="relation" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="listRelation"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <alternate minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.personLike"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listPerson"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="relation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listRelation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listPerson
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.headLike*,
      desc*,
      ( relation | listRelation )*,
      ( ( ( model.personLike | listPerson )+, ( relation | listRelation )* )+ )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <listPerson> (list of persons)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listPerson> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listPerson> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said who="#Ado" toWhom="#Alb">— Alors, Albert, quoi de neuf?</said>
<said who="#Alb" toWhom="#Ado">— Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said who="#Rob">— Il fait beau,</said> dit Robert.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document -->
<standOff>
 <listPerson type="speakers">
  <person xml:id="Ado">
   <persName>Adolphe</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Alb">
   <persName>Albert</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Rob">
   <persName>Robert</persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

<u who="#jan">This is just delicious</u>
<incident>
 <desc>telephone rings</desc>
</incident>
<u who="#ann">I'll get it</u>
<u who="#tom">I used to <vocal>
  <desc>cough</desc>
 </vocal> smoke a lot</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <vocal>
  <desc>sniffs</desc>
 </vocal>He thinks he's tough
</u>
<vocal who="#ann">
 <desc>snorts</desc>
</vocal>
<!-- ... elsewhere, e.g., in the <particDesc>: -->
<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="ann">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="bob">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="jan">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="kim">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="tom">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>Elizabeth
</u>
<u who="#EB">Yes</u>
<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Come and try this
<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>come on
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="LB"/>
 <person xml:id="EB"/>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#fr_FL">
 <shift feature="voice" new="f"/>Non ! ... Ne bougez pas. N'allumez pas !
</u>
<u who="#fr_KL">Florence ?</u>
<u who="#fr_FL">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Oui, ... n'allumez pas surtout ! <pause/>
 <shift feature="voice" new="ff"/>Ma lettre, ... ça vous ennuie de me la restituer ?
</u>
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="fr_FL"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_KL"/>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#zh-tw_LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>伊莉莎白
</u>
<u who="#zh-tw_EB">是的</u>
<u who="#zh-tw_LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>來把這穿上<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>好嘛
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_LB"/>
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_EB"/>
</listPerson>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="stig">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="lou">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="jane">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

8.4.4. Prosody

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

<post>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="system">
  <persName>system</persName>
 </person>
<!-- ... -->
</listPerson>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="RG">
<!-- information about Robert Graves here -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.2. The Person Element

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<listPerson>

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#P1234 #P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listPerson>

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="fr_PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#fr_P1234 #fr_P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="pp1">
<!-- data about person pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="pp2">
<!-- data about person pp1 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (pp3, pp4) elements here -->
 <listRelation type="personal">
  <relation name="parent"
   active="#pp1 #pp2" passive="#pp3 #pp4"/>
  <relation name="spouse"
   mutual="#pp1 #pp2"/>
 </listRelation>
 <listRelation type="social">
  <relation name="employer" active="#pp1"
   passive="#pp3 #pp5 #pp6 #pp7"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="en_pp1">
<!-- data about person en_pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="en_pp2">
<!-- data about person en_pp2 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (en_pp3, en_pp4) elements here -->
</listPerson>
<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="en_pl1">
<!-- data about place en_pl1 -->
 </place>
<!-- more place (en_pl2, en_pl3) elements here -->
</listPlace>
<listRelation>
 <relation name="residence"
  active="#en_pp1 #en_pp2" passive="#en_pl1"/>
</listRelation>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_pp1">
<!-- 第一人的資料 -->
 </person>
<!-- 更多關於此人的元素 -->
</listPerson>
<listRelation type="personal">
 <relation name="parent"
  active="#zh-tw_pp1 #zh-tw_pp2" passive="#p3 #p4"/>
 <relation name="spouse"
  mutual="#zh-tw_pp1 #zh-tw_pp2"/>
</listRelation>
<listRelation type="social">
 <relation name="employer"
  active="#zh-tw_pp1" passive="#p3 #p5 #p6 #p7"/>
</listRelation>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<listPlace>

<listPlace> (list of places) contains a list of places, optionally followed by a list of relationships (other than containment) defined amongst them. [2.2.7. The Source Description 14.3.4. Places]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declarable

@default

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.listLike model.orgPart

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

corpus: settingDesc

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: event listPlace occupation org place

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc head

namesdates: listPlace listRelation place relation

Example

<listPlace type="offshoreIslands">
 <place>
  <placeName>La roche qui pleure</placeName>
 </place>
 <place>
  <placeName>Ile aux cerfs</placeName>
 </place>
</listPlace>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:listPlace"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="relation" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="listRelation"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <alternate minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.placeLike"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listPlace"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="relation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listRelation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listPlace
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.headLike*,
      desc*,
      ( relation | listRelation )*,
      ( ( ( model.placeLike | listPlace )+, ( relation | listRelation )* )+ )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <listPlace> (list of places)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listPlace> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listPlace> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<listEvent>
 <event from="1939-09-01" to="1945-09-02">
  <eventName xml:lang="de">Zweiter Weltkrieg</eventName>
  <eventName xml:lang="en">World War II</eventName>
  <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079167-1</idno>
  <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362</idno>
  <event from="1939-09-01" to="1939-10-06"
   xml:id="UeberfallAufPolen">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="en">Invasion of Poland</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175002-0</idno>
   <idno type="LOC">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148341</idno>
   <listPlace type="affected">
    <place>
     <placeName xml:lang="pl">Gdańsk</placeName>
     <location>
      <geo>54.350556 18.652778</geo>
     </location>
    </place>
   </listPlace>
  </event>
  <event from="1941-06-22" to="1945-05-09">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076906-9</idno>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189266</idno>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="locMascarenes"
 type="islandGroup">
 <placeName>Mascarene Islands</placeName>
 <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
  <listPlace type="offshoreIslands">
   <place>
    <placeName>La roche qui pleure</placeName>
   </place>
   <place>
    <placeName>Île aux cerfs</placeName>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </place>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="pl-c-H" type="county">
 <placeName>Herefordshire</placeName>
 <listPlace type="villages">
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AD">
   <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AB">
   <placeName>Acton Beauchamp</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
 <listPlace type="towns">
  <place xml:id="pl-t-H">
   <placeName>Hereford</placeName>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-t-L">
   <placeName>Leominster</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
</place>

14.3.4.4. Relations Between Places

<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="MASC">
  <placeName>Mascarene islands</placeName>
  <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="MRU">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 </place>
 <place xml:id="ROD">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="REN">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
 <relation name="contains" active="#MASC"
  passive="#ROD #MRU #REN"/>
</listPlace>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<listPlace>

<listPlace type="offshoreIslands">
 <place>
  <placeName>La roche qui pleure</placeName>
 </place>
 <place>
  <placeName>Ile aux cerfs</placeName>
 </place>
</listPlace>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="en_pp1">
<!-- data about person en_pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="en_pp2">
<!-- data about person en_pp2 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (en_pp3, en_pp4) elements here -->
</listPerson>
<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="en_pl1">
<!-- data about place en_pl1 -->
 </place>
<!-- more place (en_pl2, en_pl3) elements here -->
</listPlace>
<listRelation>
 <relation name="residence"
  active="#en_pp1 #en_pp2" passive="#en_pl1"/>
</listRelation>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<listRelation>

<listRelation> provides information about relationships identified amongst people, places, and organizations, either informally as prose or as formally expressed relation links. [14.3.2.3. Personal Relationships]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.biblPart model.listLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add bibl corr del desc emph head hi item l listBibl meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: event listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc head p

linking: ab

namesdates: listRelation relation

Note

May contain a prose description organized as paragraphs, or a sequence of relation elements.

Example

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="pp1">
<!-- data about person pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="pp2">
<!-- data about person pp1 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (pp3, pp4) elements here -->
 <listRelation type="personal">
  <relation name="parent"
   active="#pp1 #pp2" passive="#pp3 #pp4"/>
  <relation name="spouse"
   mutual="#pp1 #pp2"/>
 </listRelation>
 <listRelation type="social">
  <relation name="employer" active="#pp1"
   passive="#pp3 #pp5 #pp6 #pp7"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

The persons with identifiers pp1 and pp2 are the parents of pp3 and pp4; they are also married to each other; pp1 is the employer of pp3, pp5, pp6, and pp7.

Example

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="en_pp1">
<!-- data about person en_pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="en_pp2">
<!-- data about person en_pp2 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (en_pp3, en_pp4) elements here -->
</listPerson>
<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="en_pl1">
<!-- data about place en_pl1 -->
 </place>
<!-- more place (en_pl2, en_pl3) elements here -->
</listPlace>
<listRelation>
 <relation name="residence"
  active="#en_pp1 #en_pp2" passive="#en_pl1"/>
</listRelation>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

The persons with identifiers en_pp1 and en_pp2 live in en_pl1.

Example

<listRelation>
 <p>All speakers are members of the Ceruli family, born in Naples.</p>
</listRelation>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="relation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listRelation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listRelation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( model.headLike*, desc*, ( model.pLike | ( relation | listRelation )+ ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <listRelation>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listRelation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listRelation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.2.3. Personal Relationships

<listRelation>
 <relation name="parent" active="#P1 #P2"
  passive="#P3 #P4"/>
 <relation name="spouse" mutual="#P1 #P2"/>
 <relation type="social" name="employer"
  active="#P1" passive="#P3 #P4"/>
</listRelation>

<listPerson>

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#P1234 #P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listPerson>

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="fr_PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#fr_P1234 #fr_P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="pp1">
<!-- data about person pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="pp2">
<!-- data about person pp1 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (pp3, pp4) elements here -->
 <listRelation type="personal">
  <relation name="parent"
   active="#pp1 #pp2" passive="#pp3 #pp4"/>
  <relation name="spouse"
   mutual="#pp1 #pp2"/>
 </listRelation>
 <listRelation type="social">
  <relation name="employer" active="#pp1"
   passive="#pp3 #pp5 #pp6 #pp7"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="en_pp1">
<!-- data about person en_pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="en_pp2">
<!-- data about person en_pp2 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (en_pp3, en_pp4) elements here -->
</listPerson>
<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="en_pl1">
<!-- data about place en_pl1 -->
 </place>
<!-- more place (en_pl2, en_pl3) elements here -->
</listPlace>
<listRelation>
 <relation name="residence"
  active="#en_pp1 #en_pp2" passive="#en_pl1"/>
</listRelation>

<listRelation>

<listRelation>
 <p>Tous les locuteurs sont membres de la famille Ceruli, et sont nés à Naples.</p>
</listRelation>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_pp1">
<!-- 第一人的資料 -->
 </person>
<!-- 更多關於此人的元素 -->
</listPerson>
<listRelation type="personal">
 <relation name="parent"
  active="#zh-tw_pp1 #zh-tw_pp2" passive="#p3 #p4"/>
 <relation name="spouse"
  mutual="#zh-tw_pp1 #zh-tw_pp2"/>
</listRelation>
<listRelation type="social">
 <relation name="employer"
  active="#zh-tw_pp1" passive="#p3 #p5 #p6 #p7"/>
</listRelation>

<listRelation>

<listRelation>
 <p>所有說話者都是林家的人，生於台北板橋。</p>
</listRelation>

<listRelation>

<listRelation>
 <p>All speakers are members of the Ceruli family, born in Naples.</p>
</listRelation>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<location>

<location> (location) defines the location of a place as a set of geographical coordinates, in terms of other named geo-political entities, or as an address. [14.3.4. Places]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeStateLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: precision

core: address bibl biblStruct desc email label listBibl measure measureGrp note noteGrp num unit

header: biblFull

msdescription: depth dim height msDesc width

namesdates: affiliation bloc country district geo geogFeat geogName offset placeName region settlement

Example

<place>
 <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
 </location>
</place>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<place xml:id="BGbuilding" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<place type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="precision"/>
  <classRef key="model.labelLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.placeNamePart"/>
  <classRef key="model.offsetLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.measureLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.addressLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element location
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      precision
    | model.labelLike
    | model.placeNamePart
    | model.offsetLike
    | model.measureLike
    | model.addressLike
    | model.noteLike
    | model.biblLike
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <location> (location)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <location> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <location> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<listEvent>
 <event from="1939-09-01" to="1945-09-02">
  <eventName xml:lang="de">Zweiter Weltkrieg</eventName>
  <eventName xml:lang="en">World War II</eventName>
  <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079167-1</idno>
  <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362</idno>
  <event from="1939-09-01" to="1939-10-06"
   xml:id="UeberfallAufPolen">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="en">Invasion of Poland</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175002-0</idno>
   <idno type="LOC">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148341</idno>
   <listPlace type="affected">
    <place>
     <placeName xml:lang="pl">Gdańsk</placeName>
     <location>
      <geo>54.350556 18.652778</geo>
     </location>
    </place>
   </listPlace>
  </event>
  <event from="1941-06-22" to="1945-05-09">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076906-9</idno>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189266</idno>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.1. Basic Principles

<place xml:id="Rome">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>41.891775 12.486137</geo>
 </location>
 <idno type="Pleiades">423025</idno>
 <note>capital of the Roman Empire</note>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="LYON1" type="city">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>45.769559 4.834843</geo>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="LYON2">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <bloc>EU</bloc>
  <country>France</country>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="BGbldg" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="Atl" type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="MYF">
 <placeName notAfter="1969">Yasgur's Farm</placeName>
 <placeName notBefore="1969">Woodstock Festival Site</placeName>
 <location>
  <measure>one mile</measure>
  <offset>north west of</offset>
  <settlement>Bethel</settlement>
  <region>New York</region>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locCA" type="cemetery">
 <placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
 <placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
 <location type="geopolitical">
  <country>Italy</country>
  <settlement>Rome</settlement>
  <district>Testaccio</district>
 </location>
 <location type="address">
  <address>
   <addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
   <addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
  </address>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locLyon" type="city"
   xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>
   <gml:Polygon>
    <gml:exterior>
     <gml:LinearRing> 45.256 -110.45 46.46 -109.48 43.84 -109.86 45.8 -109.2 45.256 -110.45 </gml:LinearRing>
    </gml:exterior>
   </gml:Polygon>
  </geo>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<location>
 <geo>53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <bibl>
  <title>Roman Inscriptions of Britain</title>, <idno>262</idno>
 </bibl>
</location>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="pl-c-H" type="county">
 <placeName>Herefordshire</placeName>
 <listPlace type="villages">
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AD">
   <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AB">
   <placeName>Acton Beauchamp</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
 <listPlace type="towns">
  <place xml:id="pl-t-H">
   <placeName>Hereford</placeName>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-t-L">
   <placeName>Leominster</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
</place>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<geo>

<geoDecl xml:id="WGS" datum="WGS84">World Geodetic System</geoDecl>
<geoDecl xml:id="OS" datum="OSGB36">Ordnance Survey</geoDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<location>
 <desc>A tombstone plus six lines of
   Anglo-Saxon text, built into the west tower (on the south side
   of the archway, at 8 ft. above the ground) of the
   Church of St. Mary-le-Wigford in Lincoln.</desc>
 <geo decls="#WGS">53.226658 -0.541254</geo>
 <geo decls="#OS">SK 97481 70947</geo>
</location>

<location>

<place>
 <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
 </location>
</place>

<location>

<place xml:id="BGbuilding" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<location>

<place type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

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C Elements

<nationality>

<nationality> (nationality) contains an informal description of a person's present or past nationality or citizenship. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

birth

naturalised

self-assigned

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<nationality key="US" notBefore="1966"> Obtained US Citizenship in 1966</nationality>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element nationality
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <nationality> (nationality)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <nationality> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <nationality> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<nationality notBefore="2002-01-15">American citizen from 15 January 2002.</nationality>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<nationality notBefore="2002-01-15"
 key="US"/>

<nationality>

<nationality key="US" notBefore="1966"> Obtained US Citizenship in 1966</nationality>

<nationality>

<nationality key="US" notBefore="1966"> Citoyenneté américaine obtenue en 1966</nationality>

<nationality>

<nationality key="US" notBefore="1966">1966年得到美國公民身份</nationality>

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C Elements

<occupation>

<occupation> (occupation) contains an informal description of a person's trade, profession or occupation. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

primary

other

paid

unpaid

scheme scheme⚓︎
indicates the classification system or taxonomy in use, for example by supplying the identifier of a taxonomy element, or pointing to some other resource.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

code code⚓︎
identifies an occupation code defined within the classification system or taxonomy defined by the scheme attribute.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The content of this element may be used as an alternative to the more formal specification made possible by its attributes; it may also be used to supplement the formal specification with commentary or clarification.

Example

<occupation>accountant</occupation>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<occupation scheme="#occupationtaxonomy"
 code="#acc">accountant</occupation>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element occupation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute scheme { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute code { teidata.pointer }?,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <occupation> (occupation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <occupation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <occupation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.6. Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

<person xml:id="HOC001">
 <persName>
  <surname>Hoccleve</surname>
  <forename>Thomas</forename>
 </persName>
 <birth notBefore="1368"/>
 <occupation>poet</occupation>
<!-- other personal data -->
</person>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<occupation>

<occupation>accountant</occupation>

<occupation>

<occupation>Comptable</occupation>

<occupation>

<occupation scheme="#fr_rg" code="#acc">Comptable</occupation>

<occupation>

<occupation scheme="#fr_rg" code="#acc">Comptable spécialisé dans l'industrie
pétrolière</occupation>

<occupation>

<occupation>會計師</occupation>

<occupation>

<occupation scheme="#zh-tw_rg" code="#acc">擅長油業的會計師</occupation>

<occupation>

<occupation scheme="#occupationtaxonomy"
 code="#acc">accountant</occupation>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<forename nymRef="#N123" ref="#BLT">Tony</forename>
<!-- ... -->
<person xml:id="BLT">
 <persName>Tony Blair</persName>
 <occupation>politician</occupation>
</person>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

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<org>

<org> (organization) provides information about an identifiable organization such as a business, a tribe, or any other grouping of people. [14.3.3. Organizational Data]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

role role⚓︎
specifies a primary role or classification for the organization.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, using arbitrary keywords such as artist, employer, familyGroup, or politicalParty, each of which should be associated with a definition. Such local definitions will typically be provided by a desc for each valItem element in the schema specification of the project's customization.

Member of

model.personLike

Contained by

corpus: particDesc

namesdates: event listOrg listPerson org

May contain

core: bibl biblStruct cb desc gb head label lb listBibl milestone name note noteGrp p pb ptr ref rs

dictionaries: lang

header: biblFull idno

linking: ab anchor link linkGrp

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: addName bloc climate country district event eventName forename genName geogFeat geogName listEvent listOrg listPerson listPlace location nameLink objectName offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp place placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: listRef

transcr: fw

Example

<org xml:id="JAMs">
 <orgName>Justified Ancients of Mummu</orgName>
 <desc>An underground anarchist collective spearheaded by
 <persName>Hagbard Celine</persName>, who fight the Illuminati
   from a golden submarine, the <name>Leif Ericson</name>
 </desc>
 <bibl>
  <author>Robert Shea</author>
  <author>Robert Anton Wilson</author>
  <title>The Illuminatus! Trilogy</title>
 </bibl>
</org>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.labelLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.nameLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.placeLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.orgPart"/>
    <classRef key="model.milestoneLike"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
   <elementRef key="linkGrp"/>
   <elementRef key="link"/>
  </alternate>
  <classRef key="model.personLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element org
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute role { list { teidata.enumerated+ } }?,
   (
      model.headLike*,
      (
         model.pLike*
       | (
            model.labelLike
          | model.nameLike
          | model.placeLike
          | model.orgPart
          | model.milestoneLike
         )*
      ),
      ( model.noteLike | model.biblLike | model.ptrLike | linkGrp | link )*,
      model.personLike*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <org> (organization)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <org> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <org> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<org xml:id="fab4">
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName from="1960-08">The Beatles</orgName>
</org>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<org xml:id="FAB4">
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<org xml:id="OUCS">
 <orgName>Oxford University Computing Services</orgName>
 <org xml:id="OUCSisg">
  <orgName>Information and Support Group</orgName>
 </org>
 <org xml:id="OUCSig">
  <orgName>Infrastructure Group</orgName>
  <org xml:id="OUCSig.nt">
   <orgName>Networking Team</orgName>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="OUCSig.sdt">
   <orgName>System Development Team</orgName>
  </org>
 </org>
 <org xml:id="OUCSltg">
  <orgName>Learning Technologies Group</orgName>
 </org>
</org>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<p>The TEI institutional hosts are: <listOrg>
  <org xml:id="bu">
   <orgName>Brown University</orgName>
   <desc>The host contribution is made jointly by the <name type="project">Brown University Women Writers
         Project</name> and the <orgName>Brown University Library's Center for Digital Initiatives</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="na">
   <orgName>Nancy</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by a group of institutions located in Nancy, France, coordinated by
   <orgName>Loria</orgName> and also including <orgName>ATILF</orgName> and <orgName>INIST</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="ou">
   <orgName>Oxford University</orgName>
   <desc>Hosting is provided by the <orgName>Research Technologies Service</orgName> at <orgName>Oxford University
         Computing Services</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
  <org xml:id="uv">
   <orgName>University of Virginia</orgName>
   <desc>Virginia's host support comes jointly from the <orgName>Institute for Advanced Technology in the
         Humanities</orgName> and the <orgName>University of Virginia Library</orgName>.</desc>
  </org>
 </listOrg>
</p>

<listOrg>

<listOrg>
 <head>Libyans</head>
 <org>
  <orgName>Adyrmachidae</orgName>
  <desc>These people have, in most points, the same customs as the Egyptians, but
     use the costume of the Libyans. Their women wear on each leg a ring made of
     bronze [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Nasamonians</orgName>
  <desc>In summer they leave their flocks and herds upon the sea-shore, and go up
     the country to a place called Augila, where they gather the dates from the
     palms [...]</desc>
 </org>
 <org>
  <orgName>Garamantians</orgName>
  <desc>[...] avoid all society or intercourse with their fellow-men, have no
     weapon of war, and do not know how to defend themselves. [...]</desc>
<!-- ... -->
 </org>
</listOrg>

<org>

<org xml:id="JAMs">
 <orgName>Justified Ancients of Mummu</orgName>
 <desc>An underground anarchist collective spearheaded by
 <persName>Hagbard Celine</persName>, who fight the Illuminati
   from a golden submarine, the <name>Leif Ericson</name>
 </desc>
 <bibl>
  <author>Robert Shea</author>
  <author>Robert Anton Wilson</author>
  <title>The Illuminatus! Trilogy</title>
 </bibl>
</org>

<state>

<org>
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

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<person>

<person> (person) provides information about an identifiable individual, for example a participant in a language interaction, or a person referred to in a historical source. [14.3.2. The Person Element 16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.sortable

@sortKey

role role⚓︎
specifies a primary role or classification for the person.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, using arbitrary keywords such as artist, employer, author, relative, or servant, each of which should be associated with a definition. Such local definitions will typically be provided by a valList element in the project schema specification.

sex sex⚓︎
specifies the sex of the person.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.sex separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be defined locally by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

gender gender⚓︎
specifies the gender of the person.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.gender separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be defined locally by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

age age⚓︎
specifies an age group for the person.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, using arbitrary keywords such as infant, child, teen, adult, or senior, each of which should be associated with a definition. Such local definitions will typically be provided by a valList element in the project schema specification.

Member of

model.personLike

Contained by

corpus: particDesc

namesdates: event listPerson org

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: bibl biblStruct cb ellipsis gap gb index lb listBibl milestone name note noteGrp p pb ptr ref

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: affiliation age birth death education event faith floruit gender langKnowledge listEvent nationality occupation persName persPronouns persona residence sex socecStatus state trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: listRef

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

May contain either a prose description organized as paragraphs, or a sequence of more specific demographic elements drawn from the model.personPart class.

Example

<person sex="F" age="adult">
 <p>Female respondent, well-educated, born in Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently. Socio-Economic
   status B2.</p>
</person>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<person sex="intersex" role="god"
 age="immortal">
 <persName>Hermaphroditos</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="grc">Ἑρμαφρόδιτος</persName>
</person>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<person xml:id="Ovi01" sex="M" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italy</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Romania</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

The following exemplifies an adaptation of the vCard standard to indicate an unknown gender for a fictional character.

<person xml:id="ariel" gender="U">
 <persName>Ariel</persName>
 <note>Character in <title level="m">The Tempest</title>.</note>
</person>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

This example demonstrates the use of a ref element to provide more information about a person.

<person age="G2" role="author"
 xml:id="W0212" sex="F">
 <birth when="1787"/>
 <death when="1855"/>
 <persName type="main">Mitford, Mary Russell (1787–1855)</persName>
 <persName resp="#Nicoll">MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL</persName>
 <listBibl type="lacyTitles">
  <desc>Lacy's Acting Editions</desc>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1280">Foscari</ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1337">Rienzi</ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
 <listRef type="seeAlso">
  <ref target="https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1386">ATCL</ref>
  <ref target="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18859">ODNB</ref>
  <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford">Wikipedia</ref>
  <ref target="https://digitalmitford.org">Digital Mitford</ref>
 </listRef>
</person>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.personPart"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
  </alternate>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element person
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   attribute role { list { teidata.enumerated+ } }?,
   attribute sex { list { teidata.sex+ } }?,
   attribute gender { list { teidata.gender+ } }?,
   attribute age { teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( model.personPart | model.global | model.ptrLike )* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <person> (person)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <person> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <person> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said who="#Ado" toWhom="#Alb">— Alors, Albert, quoi de neuf?</said>
<said who="#Alb" toWhom="#Ado">— Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said who="#Rob">— Il fait beau,</said> dit Robert.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document -->
<standOff>
 <listPerson type="speakers">
  <person xml:id="Ado">
   <persName>Adolphe</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Alb">
   <persName>Albert</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Rob">
   <persName>Robert</persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

8.3.3. Vocal, Kinesic, Incident

<u who="#jan">This is just delicious</u>
<incident>
 <desc>telephone rings</desc>
</incident>
<u who="#ann">I'll get it</u>
<u who="#tom">I used to <vocal>
  <desc>cough</desc>
 </vocal> smoke a lot</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <vocal>
  <desc>sniffs</desc>
 </vocal>He thinks he's tough
</u>
<vocal who="#ann">
 <desc>snorts</desc>
</vocal>
<!-- ... elsewhere, e.g., in the <particDesc>: -->
<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="ann">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="bob">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="jan">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="kim">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="tom">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>Elizabeth
</u>
<u who="#EB">Yes</u>
<u who="#LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Come and try this
<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>come on
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="LB"/>
 <person xml:id="EB"/>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#fr_FL">
 <shift feature="voice" new="f"/>Non ! ... Ne bougez pas. N'allumez pas !
</u>
<u who="#fr_KL">Florence ?</u>
<u who="#fr_FL">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>Oui, ... n'allumez pas surtout ! <pause/>
 <shift feature="voice" new="ff"/>Ma lettre, ... ça vous ennuie de me la restituer ?
</u>
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="fr_FL"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_KL"/>
</listPerson>

<shift>

<u who="#zh-tw_LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="f"/>伊莉莎白
</u>
<u who="#zh-tw_EB">是的</u>
<u who="#zh-tw_LB">
 <shift feature="loud" new="normal"/>來把這穿上<pause/>
 <shift feature="loud" new="ff"/>好嘛
</u>
<!-- ... -->
<listPerson type="speakers">
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_LB"/>
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_EB"/>
</listPerson>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="stig">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="lou">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="jane">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

8.4.4. Prosody

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="cwn">
  <p>Customer WN</p>
 </person>
 <person xml:id="aj">
  <p>Assistant K</p>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... within the <text>: -->
<div n="Lod E-03" type="exchange">
 <note>C is with a friend</note>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <unclear>Excuse me<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
  <pause/> You dont have some
   aesthetic<g ref="#short"/>
  <pause/>
  <unclear>specially on early</unclear>
   aesthetics terminology <g ref="#lr"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <pause/>No<g ref="#lf"/>
  <gap extent="2 beats"/> I'm
   afraid<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#cwn"> No<g ref="#lr"/>
  <unclear>Well</unclear> thanks<g ref="#lr"/>
  <pause/> Oh<g ref="#short"/>
  <unclear>you couldnt<g ref="#short"/> can we</unclear> kind of<g ref="#long"/>
  <pause/>I mean ask you to order it for us<g ref="#long"/>
  <g ref="#fr"/>
 </u>
 <u trans="latching" who="#aj"> Yes<g ref="#fr"/> if you know the title<g ref="#lf"/> Yeah<g ref="#lf"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#cwn">
  <gap extent="4 beats"/>
 </u>
 <u who="#aj"> Yes thats fine. <unclear>just as soon as it comes in we'll send
     you a postcard<g ref="#lf"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
</div>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

<post>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="system">
  <persName>system</persName>
 </person>
<!-- ... -->
</listPerson>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:navy">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A07">Interseb</name> betritt den Raum.</p>
</post>

11. Manuscript Description

11.3.6. Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

<person xml:id="HOC001">
 <persName>
  <surname>Hoccleve</surname>
  <forename>Thomas</forename>
 </persName>
 <birth notBefore="1368"/>
 <occupation>poet</occupation>
<!-- other personal data -->
</person>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="RG">
<!-- information about Robert Graves here -->
 </person>
</listPerson>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.2. The Person Element

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>Miss Major</forename>
  <surname>Griffin-Gracy</surname>
 </persName>
 <birth when="1940-10-25"/>
 <gender value="transWoman"
  evidence="selfIdentification">trans woman</gender>
 <persPronouns value="she"
  evidence="selfIdentification"/>
 <note>
  <p>Veteran of the Stonewall Riots. Founder of the
     Griffin-Gracy Educational Retreat and Historical
     Center (the House of GG). Activist and advocate for
     transgender and gender-nonconforming people of
     color.</p>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person xml:id="ArnMag">
 <persName xml:lang="is">Árni Magnússon</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="da">Arne Magnusson</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Arnas Magnæus</persName>
</person>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person xml:id="simon_son_of_richard2">
 <persName>Simon, son of Richard</persName>
 <residence>
  <placeName>
   <region>Essex</region>
  </placeName>
 </residence>
 <floruit notBefore="1219" notAfter="1223">1219-1223</floruit>
</person>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="WM">
<!-- ... -->
 <event type="marriage" when="1859-04-26">
  <label>Marriage</label>
  <desc>
   <name type="person" ref="#WM">William Morris</name> and <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Burden">Jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">St
       Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was
     conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#RWD">R. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#CBF">Charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#RB">Robert Burden</name>. According to the account that <name type="person"
    ref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones">Burne-Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#JWM">Mackail</name>
   <quote>M. said to Dixon beforehand <said>Mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in
     the Register reads: <quote>William Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd.
       Gentleman. Jane Burden, minor, spinster, 65 Holywell Street, d. of Robert Burden, Groom.</quote> The witnesses
     were Jane's parents and Faulkner. None of Morris's family attended the ceremony. Morris presented Jane with a
     plain gold ring bearing the London hallmark for 1858. She gave her husband a double-handled antique silver
     cup.</desc>
  <bibl>J. W. Mackail, <title>The Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl>
 </event>
</person>
<person xml:id="RB">
 <persName>Robert Burden</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="RWD">
 <persName>R.W. Dixon</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="CBF">
 <persName>Charles Faulkner</persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="EBJ">
 <persName>
  <forename>Edward</forename>
  <surname>Burne-Jones</surname>
 </persName>
</person>
<person xml:id="JWM">
 <persName>J.W. Mackail</persName>
</person>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<person xml:id="DB">
 <persName notAfter="1966">David Jones</persName>
 <persName notBefore="1966">David Bowie</persName>
</person>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<person>
 <event type="mat" when="1972-10-12">
  <label>matriculation</label>
 </event>
 <event type="grad" when="1975-06-23">
  <label>graduation</label>
 </event>
</person>

<event>

<person>
 <event type="mat" when="1972-10-12">
  <label>inscription</label>
 </event>
 <event type="grad" when="1975-06-23">
  <label>diplômé</label>
 </event>
</person>

<event>

<person>
 <event type="mat" when="1972-10-12">
  <label>入學</label>
 </event>
 <event type="grad" when="1975-06-23">
  <label>畢業</label>
 </event>
</person>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<floruit>

<person>
 <persName>François Villon</persName>
 <floruit notBefore="1457" notAfter="1463"/>
</person>

<langKnown>

<person sex="m" role="speaker collaborator">
<!-- other details omitted -->
 <langKnowledge>
  <langKnown tag="mix">Mixtepec-Mixtec</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="es">Spanish</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
</person>

<listPerson>

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#P1234 #P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listPerson>

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="fr_PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#fr_P1234 #fr_P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="pp1">
<!-- data about person pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="pp2">
<!-- data about person pp1 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (pp3, pp4) elements here -->
 <listRelation type="personal">
  <relation name="parent"
   active="#pp1 #pp2" passive="#pp3 #pp4"/>
  <relation name="spouse"
   mutual="#pp1 #pp2"/>
 </listRelation>
 <listRelation type="social">
  <relation name="employer" active="#pp1"
   passive="#pp3 #pp5 #pp6 #pp7"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="en_pp1">
<!-- data about person en_pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="en_pp2">
<!-- data about person en_pp2 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (en_pp3, en_pp4) elements here -->
</listPerson>
<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="en_pl1">
<!-- data about place en_pl1 -->
 </place>
<!-- more place (en_pl2, en_pl3) elements here -->
</listPlace>
<listRelation>
 <relation name="residence"
  active="#en_pp1 #en_pp2" passive="#en_pl1"/>
</listRelation>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_pp1">
<!-- 第一人的資料 -->
 </person>
<!-- 更多關於此人的元素 -->
</listPerson>
<listRelation type="personal">
 <relation name="parent"
  active="#zh-tw_pp1 #zh-tw_pp2" passive="#p3 #p4"/>
 <relation name="spouse"
  mutual="#zh-tw_pp1 #zh-tw_pp2"/>
</listRelation>
<listRelation type="social">
 <relation name="employer"
  active="#zh-tw_pp1" passive="#p3 #p5 #p6 #p7"/>
</listRelation>

<person>

<person sex="F" age="adult">
 <p>Female respondent, well-educated, born in Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently. Socio-Economic
   status B2.</p>
</person>

<person>

<person sex="intersex" role="god"
 age="immortal">
 <persName>Hermaphroditos</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="grc">Ἑρμαφρόδιτος</persName>
</person>

<person>

<person sex="F" age="adult">
 <p>Personne interrogée, de sexe féminin, instruite, née à Shropshire, au ROYAUME-UNI le 12
   Janvier 1950, d'occupation inconnue. Parle le français couramment. Statut
   socio-économique B2.</p>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="fr_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italie</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Roumanie</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person sex="F" age="adult">
 <p>女性被告。1950年1月12日生於西藏，受過良好教育，職業不明。能說流利漢語，中產階級。</p>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="zh-tw_Ovi01" sex="M"
 role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="zh-TW">奧維德</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 西元前43年3月20日<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">義大利</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">西元後17或18年<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">羅馬尼亞</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="Ovi01" sex="M" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italy</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Romania</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person>

<person xml:id="ariel" gender="U">
 <persName>Ariel</persName>
 <note>Character in <title level="m">The Tempest</title>.</note>
</person>

<person>

<person age="G2" role="author"
 xml:id="W0212" sex="F">
 <birth when="1787"/>
 <death when="1855"/>
 <persName type="main">Mitford, Mary Russell (1787–1855)</persName>
 <persName resp="#Nicoll">MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL</persName>
 <listBibl type="lacyTitles">
  <desc>Lacy's Acting Editions</desc>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1280">Foscari</ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1337">Rienzi</ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
 <listRef type="seeAlso">
  <ref target="https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1386">ATCL</ref>
  <ref target="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18859">ODNB</ref>
  <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford">Wikipedia</ref>
  <ref target="https://digitalmitford.org">Digital Mitford</ref>
 </listRef>
</person>

<persona>

<person sex="M" age="adult">
 <persona sex="M">
  <persName>Dr Henry Jekyll</persName>
 </persona>
 <persona sex="M" age="youth">
  <persName>Edward Hyde</persName>
 </persona>
</person>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<forename nymRef="#N123" ref="#BLT">Tony</forename>
<!-- ... -->
<person xml:id="BLT">
 <persName>Tony Blair</persName>
 <occupation>politician</occupation>
</person>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

att.global.linking

<!-- In a placeography called "places.xml" --><place xml:id="LOND1"
 corresp="people.xml#LOND2 people.xml#GENI1">
 <placeName>London</placeName>
 <desc>The city of London...</desc>
</place>
<!-- In a literary personography called "people.xml" -->
<person xml:id="LOND2"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #GENI1">
 <persName type="lit">London</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Allegorical character representing the city of <placeName ref="places.xml#LOND1">London</placeName>.</p>
 </note>
</person>
<person xml:id="GENI1"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #LOND2">
 <persName type="lit">London’s Genius</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Personification of London’s genius. Appears as an
     allegorical character in mayoral shows.
  </p>
 </note>
</person>

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<persona>

<persona> provides information about one of the personalities identified for a given individual, where an individual has multiple personalities. [14.3.2. The Person Element]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.sortable

@sortKey

role role⚓︎
specifies a primary role or classification for the persona.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, using arbitrary keywords such as artist, employer, author, relative, or servant, each of which should be associated with a definition. Such local definitions will typically be provided by a valList element in the project schema specification.

sex sex⚓︎
specifies the sex of the persona.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.sex separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, or may refer to an external standard.

gender gender⚓︎
specifies the gender of the persona.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.gender separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

age age⚓︎
specifies an age group for the persona.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, using arbitrary keywords such as infant, child, teen, adult, or senior, each of which should be associated with a definition. Such local definitions will typically be provided by a valList element in the project schema specification.

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: bibl biblStruct cb ellipsis gap gb index lb listBibl milestone name note noteGrp p pb

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: affiliation age birth death education event faith floruit gender langKnowledge listEvent nationality occupation persName persPronouns persona residence sex socecStatus state trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

Note that a persona is not the same as a role. A role may be assumed by different people on different occasions, whereas a persona is unique to a particular person, even though it may resemble others. Similarly, when an actor takes on or enacts the role of a historical person, they do not thereby acquire a new persona.

Example

<person sex="M" age="adult">
 <persona sex="M">
  <persName>Dr Henry Jekyll</persName>
 </persona>
 <persona sex="M" age="youth">
  <persName>Edward Hyde</persName>
 </persona>
</person>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.personPart"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element persona
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   attribute role { list { teidata.enumerated+ } }?,
   attribute sex { list { teidata.sex+ } }?,
   attribute gender { list { teidata.gender+ } }?,
   attribute age { teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( model.personPart | model.global )* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <persona>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <persona> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <persona> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<persona>

<person sex="M" age="adult">
 <persona sex="M">
  <persName>Dr Henry Jekyll</persName>
 </persona>
 <persona sex="M" age="youth">
  <persName>Edward Hyde</persName>
 </persona>
</person>

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<personGrp>

<personGrp> (personal group) describes a group of individuals treated as a single person for analytic purposes. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.sortable

@sortKey

role role⚓︎
specifies the role of this group of participants in the interaction.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, using arbitrary keywords such as movement, employers, relatives, or servants, each of which should be associated with a definition. Such local definitions will typically be provided by a valList element in the project schema specification.

sex sex⚓︎
specifies the sex of the participant group.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.sex separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be defined locally by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

gender gender⚓︎
specifies the gender of the participant group.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.gender separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be defined locally by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

age age⚓︎
specifies the age group of the participants.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, using arbitrary keywords such as infant, child, teen, adult, or senior, each of which should be associated with a definition. Such local definitions will typically be provided by a valList element in the project schema specification.

size size⚓︎
describes informally the size or approximate size of the group for example by means of a number and an indication of accuracy e.g. approx 200.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

Member of

model.personLike

Contained by

corpus: particDesc

namesdates: event listPerson org

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: bibl biblStruct cb ellipsis gap gb index lb listBibl milestone name note noteGrp p pb

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: affiliation age birth death education event faith floruit gender langKnowledge listEvent nationality occupation persName persPronouns persona residence sex socecStatus state trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

May contain a prose description organized as paragraphs, or any sequence of demographic elements in any combination.

The global xml:id attribute should be used to identify each speaking participant in a spoken text if the who attribute is specified on individual utterances.

Example

<personGrp xml:id="pg1" role="audience"
 sex="mixed" size="approx 50"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.personPart"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element personGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   attribute role { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute sex { list { teidata.sex+ } }?,
   attribute gender { list { teidata.gender+ } }?,
   attribute age { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute size { list { teidata.word+ } }?,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( model.personPart | model.global )* )
}

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Example: <personGrp> (personal group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <personGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <personGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<listPerson>

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#P1234 #P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listPerson>

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="fr_PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#fr_P1234 #fr_P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<personGrp>

<personGrp xml:id="pg1" role="audience"
 sex="mixed" size="approx 50"/>

<personGrp>

<personGrp xml:id="fr_pg1" role="audience"
 sex="mixed" age="teen" size="approx 50"/>

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<persPronouns>

<persPronouns> (personal pronouns) indicates the personal pronouns used, or assumed to be used, by the individual being described. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

instant instant⚓︎

Status
Optional

evidence evidence⚓︎
(evidence) indicates support for the listed personal pronouns.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

conjecture

(conjecture) The given value was selected based on assumptions by someone besides the person to whom this pronoun applies. As a result, the value may be erroneous.

selfIdentification

(self identification) The given value has been explicitly stated or confirmed by the person to whom this pronoun applies.

trustedThirdParty

(trusted third party) The given value has been supplied by another individual trusted by the encoder to know the preferences of the person to whom this pronoun applies.

value value⚓︎
(value) supplies a regularized value for personal pronouns.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Sample values include:

e

(e) e/eirs

he

(he) he/him/his

she

(she) she/her/hers

they

(they) they/them/theirs

Note

The sample values list shown here is intended to be reflective of English usage. There is nothing restricting users from defining lists reflective of other languages, e.g. elle, il, and ils.

Member of

model.persNamePart model.persStateLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<docAuthor>
 <persName>Lal Zimman</persName>
 <persPronouns value="he">(he/him/his)</persPronouns>
 <ref target="#Name">(FAQ)</ref>
 <persName type="IPA">[lɑɫ ˈzimn̩]</persName>
 <email>zimman at ucsb dot edu</email>
 <roleName>Assistant Professor of Linguistics</roleName>
 <roleName>Affiliated Faculty in Feminist Studies</roleName>
 <address>
  <addrLine>South Hall 3518</addrLine>
  <addrLine>University of California, Santa Barbara</addrLine>
 </address>
</docAuthor>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element persPronouns
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute instant { text }?,
   attribute evidence
   {
      "conjecture"
    | "selfIdentification"
    | "trustedThirdParty"
    | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   attribute value { list { teidata.enumerated+ } }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

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Example: <persPronouns> (personal pronouns)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <persPronouns> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <persPronouns> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>Miss Major</forename>
  <surname>Griffin-Gracy</surname>
 </persName>
 <birth when="1940-10-25"/>
 <gender value="transWoman"
  evidence="selfIdentification">trans woman</gender>
 <persPronouns value="she"
  evidence="selfIdentification"/>
 <note>
  <p>Veteran of the Stonewall Riots. Founder of the
     Griffin-Gracy Educational Retreat and Historical
     Center (the House of GG). Activist and advocate for
     transgender and gender-nonconforming people of
     color.</p>
 </note>
</person>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<div type="email">
 <opener>
  <salute>Dear all,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>With apologies for length. I'm expanding a schema …</p>
<!-- ... -->
 <closer>
  <lb/>
  <persName>Diane Jakacki, Ph.D.</persName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Digital Scholarship Coordinator</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Affiliate Faculty in Comparative &amp; Digital Humanities</roleName>
  <lb/>
  <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <email>d…@….edu</email>
  <lb/>(<persPronouns>she/her/hers</persPronouns>)
 <lb/>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Principal Investigator</roleName>,
 <lb/>
  <orgName>LAB Cooperative</orgName> and <orgName>REED London Online</orgName>
  <lb/>
  <roleName>Chair</roleName>, <orgName>ADHO Conference Coordinating Committee</orgName>
 </closer>
</div>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

<persPronouns>

<docAuthor>
 <persName>Lal Zimman</persName>
 <persPronouns value="he">(he/him/his)</persPronouns>
 <ref target="#Name">(FAQ)</ref>
 <persName type="IPA">[lɑɫ ˈzimn̩]</persName>
 <email>zimman at ucsb dot edu</email>
 <roleName>Assistant Professor of Linguistics</roleName>
 <roleName>Affiliated Faculty in Feminist Studies</roleName>
 <address>
  <addrLine>South Hall 3518</addrLine>
  <addrLine>University of California, Santa Barbara</addrLine>
 </address>
</docAuthor>

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<place>

<place> (place) contains data about a geographic location. [14.3.4. Places]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeLike

Contained by

corpus: settingDesc

namesdates: event listPlace org place

May contain

core: bibl biblStruct desc head label listBibl name note noteGrp p ptr ref

header: biblFull idno

linking: ab link linkGrp

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: bloc climate country district event geogName listEvent listPlace location place placeName population region settlement state terrain trait

tagdocs: listRef

Example

<place>
 <country>Lithuania</country>
 <country xml:lang="lt">Lietuva</country>
 <place>
  <settlement>Vilnius</settlement>
 </place>
 <place>
  <settlement>Kaunas</settlement>
 </place>
</place>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.labelLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.placeStateLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.eventLike"/>
    <elementRef key="name"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
   <elementRef key="idno"/>
   <elementRef key="linkGrp"/>
   <elementRef key="link"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.placeLike"/>
   <elementRef key="listPlace"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element place
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.headLike*,
      (
         model.pLike*
       | ( model.labelLike | model.placeStateLike | model.eventLike | name )*
      ),
      (
         model.noteLike
       | model.biblLike
       | model.ptrLike
       | idno
       | linkGrp
       | link
      )*,
      ( model.placeLike | listPlace )*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <place> (place)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <place> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <place> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<desc>

<place xml:id="KERG2">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<listEvent>
 <event from="1939-09-01" to="1945-09-02">
  <eventName xml:lang="de">Zweiter Weltkrieg</eventName>
  <eventName xml:lang="en">World War II</eventName>
  <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079167-1</idno>
  <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362</idno>
  <event from="1939-09-01" to="1939-10-06"
   xml:id="UeberfallAufPolen">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Überfall auf Polen</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="en">Invasion of Poland</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175002-0</idno>
   <idno type="LOC">https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148341</idno>
   <listPlace type="affected">
    <place>
     <placeName xml:lang="pl">Gdańsk</placeName>
     <location>
      <geo>54.350556 18.652778</geo>
     </location>
    </place>
   </listPlace>
  </event>
  <event from="1941-06-22" to="1945-05-09">
   <eventName xml:lang="de">Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg</eventName>
   <eventName xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война</eventName>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076906-9</idno>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189266</idno>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.1. Basic Principles

<place xml:id="Rome">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>41.891775 12.486137</geo>
 </location>
 <idno type="Pleiades">423025</idno>
 <note>capital of the Roman Empire</note>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="LYON1" type="city">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>45.769559 4.834843</geo>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="LYON2">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <bloc>EU</bloc>
  <country>France</country>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="BGbldg" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="Atl" type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="MYF">
 <placeName notAfter="1969">Yasgur's Farm</placeName>
 <placeName notBefore="1969">Woodstock Festival Site</placeName>
 <location>
  <measure>one mile</measure>
  <offset>north west of</offset>
  <settlement>Bethel</settlement>
  <region>New York</region>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locCA" type="cemetery">
 <placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
 <placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
 <location type="geopolitical">
  <country>Italy</country>
  <settlement>Rome</settlement>
  <district>Testaccio</district>
 </location>
 <location type="address">
  <address>
   <addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
   <addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
  </address>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.1. Varieties of Location

<place xml:id="locLyon" type="city"
   xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0640">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>
   <gml:Polygon>
    <gml:exterior>
     <gml:LinearRing> 45.256 -110.45 46.46 -109.48 43.84 -109.86 45.8 -109.2 45.256 -110.45 </gml:LinearRing>
    </gml:exterior>
   </gml:Polygon>
  </geo>
 </location>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="locLith">
 <country>Lithuania</country>
 <country xml:lang="lt">Lietuva</country>
 <place>
  <settlement>Vilnius</settlement>
 </place>
 <place>
  <settlement>Kaunas</settlement>
 </place>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="locMascarenes"
 type="islandGroup">
 <placeName>Mascarene Islands</placeName>
 <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
  <listPlace type="offshoreIslands">
   <place>
    <placeName>La roche qui pleure</placeName>
   </place>
   <place>
    <placeName>Île aux cerfs</placeName>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </place>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="wales" type="country">
 <placeName xml:lang="cy">Cymru</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Wales</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallie</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallia</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="fro">Le Waleis</placeName>
 <place xml:id="carmarthenshire"
  type="region">
  <region type="county" xml:lang="en"
   notBefore="1284">Carmarthenshire</region>
  <place xml:id="carmarthen"
   type="settlement">
   <placeName xml:lang="en">Carmarthen</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="la"
    notBefore="1090" notAfter="1300">Kaermerdin</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="cy">Caerfyrddin</placeName>
   <place xml:id="carmarthen_castle"
    type="castle">
    <settlement>castle of Carmarthen</settlement>
   </place>
  </place>
 </place>
</place>

14.3.4.2. Multiple Places

<place xml:id="pl-c-H" type="county">
 <placeName>Herefordshire</placeName>
 <listPlace type="villages">
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AD">
   <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-v-AB">
   <placeName>Acton Beauchamp</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
 <listPlace type="towns">
  <place xml:id="pl-t-H">
   <placeName>Hereford</placeName>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="pl-t-L">
   <placeName>Leominster</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- ... -->
 </listPlace>
</place>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="greece">
 <placeName>Greece</placeName>
 <climate>
  <desc>Greece's climate is divided into three well defined classes:</desc>
  <climate>
   <label>Mediterranean</label>
   <desc>It features mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures rarely reach extremes, although snowfalls
       do occur occasionally even in <placeName>Athens</placeName>, <placeName>Cyclades</placeName> or
   <placeName>Crete</placeName> during the winter.</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Alpine</label>
   <desc>It is found primarily in <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Greece</placeName>
       (<placeName>Epirus</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> Greece</placeName>,
   <placeName>Thessaly</placeName>, <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as well as
       central parts of <placeName>Peloponnesus</placeName> like <placeName>Achaea</placeName>,
   <placeName>Arcadia</placeName> and parts of <placeName>Laconia</placeName> where the Alpine range pass
       by)</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Temperate</label>
   <desc>It is found in <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> and <offset>Eastern</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as
       well as in <placeName>Thrace</placeName> at places like <placeName>Komotini</placeName>,
   <placeName>Xanthi</placeName> and <placeName>
     <offset>northern</offset> Evros</placeName>. It features cold,
       damp winters and hot, dry summers.</desc>
  </climate>
 </climate>
</place>

14.3.4.4. Relations Between Places

<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="MASC">
  <placeName>Mascarene islands</placeName>
  <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="MRU">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 </place>
 <place xml:id="ROD">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="REN">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
 <relation name="contains" active="#MASC"
  passive="#ROD #MRU #REN"/>
</listPlace>

14.3.4.4. Relations Between Places

<place type="country" xml:id="FRA">
 <placeName>France</placeName>
</place>

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

<event>

<listEvent>
 <event when="1618-05-23"
  xml:id="SecondDefPrague" where="#Prague">
  <eventName>1618 Defenestration of Prague</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365740</idno>
  <listPerson type="defenstrated">
   <person>
    <persName>Jaroslav Bořita z Martinic</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/116810998</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Vilém Slavata z Chlumu a Košumberka</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/1018376615</idno>
   </person>
   <person>
    <persName>Filip Fabricius</persName>
    <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/133946118</idno>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <place xml:id="Prague">
   <placeName>Prague</placeName>
  </place>
 </event>
 <event from="1618" to="1648"
  xml:id="ThirtyYearsWar">
  <eventName>Thirty Years’ War</eventName>
  <idno>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487</idno>
  <event when="1643-03-19"
   xml:id="BattleofRocroi" where="#Rocroi">
   <eventName>Battle of Rocroi</eventName>
   <idno type="Wikidata">https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728480</idno>
   <idno type="GND">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202901-6</idno>
   <place xml:id="Rocroi">
    <placeName>Rocroi</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo decls="#WGS">49.926111 4.522222</geo>
    </location>
   </place>
  </event>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<event>

<listEvent type="generated">
 <event xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001"
  ref="https://mrp.oeaw.ac.at/pages/show.html?directory=editions&amp;document=MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001.xml" type="session">
  <head>Nr. 1 Ministerrat, Wien, 1. April 1848</head>
  <label>Ministerratssitzung <date when="1848-04-01">1848-04-01</date>, aus Band 1 1/1, März 1848–21. November 1848</label>
  <listEvent type="agenda_items">
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_1">
    <label>I. Enthebung Baron Karl Friedrich v. Kübecks als Finanzminister und Ernennung des Freiherrn Philipp v. Krauß zu seinem Nachfolger</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_2">
    <label>II. Ernennung FML. Peter Zaninis zum Kriegsminister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_3">
    <label>III. Öffentliche Erklärung über die konstitutionellen Grundsätze; Umformung des Staatsrates</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_4">
    <label>IV. Kriegserklärung Sardiniens; Vorgehen Radetzkys; Bestellung eines Hofkommissärs für Lombardo-Venetien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_5">
    <label>V. Beeidigung der Minister</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_6">
    <label>VI. Tumulte im Kärntnertortheater</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_7">
    <label>VII. Bewegung der tschechischen demokratischen Partei; Berufung Paul Josef Safaiřiks nach Wien</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_8">
    <label>VIII. Behandlung der aus Lombardo-Venetien vertriebenen Justiz- und politischen Beamten</label>
   </event>
   <event type="agenda_item"
    xml:id="mrp-events-MRP-1-1-01-0-18480401-P-0001-top_1_1_1_9">
    <label>IX. Besetzung der Landeschef- und Ständepräsidentenposten in Prag; böhmische Deputation in Wien</label>
   </event>
  </listEvent>
  <listPerson type="attendants">
   <person role="chair">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8145">
     <surname>Ficquelmont</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8154">
     <surname>Taaffe</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8148">
     <surname>Pillersdorf</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="attendant">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8151">
     <surname>Sommaruga</surname>
    </persName>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/8141">
     <surname>Kolowrat</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
   <person role="signed-protocol">
    <persName ref="https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/entity/9251">
     <surname>Franz Karl</surname>
    </persName>
    <note>BdE. <date when="1848-04-02">2. 4.</date>
    </note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Wien">
    <placeName xml:lang="de">Wien</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Vienna</placeName>
    <location>
     <geo>48.208199 16.37169</geo>
    </location>
    <idno type="GeoNames">https://sws.geonames.org/2761369</idno>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </event>
<!-- ... -->
</listEvent>

<listPlace>

<listPlace type="offshoreIslands">
 <place>
  <placeName>La roche qui pleure</placeName>
 </place>
 <place>
  <placeName>Ile aux cerfs</placeName>
 </place>
</listPlace>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="en_pp1">
<!-- data about person en_pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="en_pp2">
<!-- data about person en_pp2 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (en_pp3, en_pp4) elements here -->
</listPerson>
<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="en_pl1">
<!-- data about place en_pl1 -->
 </place>
<!-- more place (en_pl2, en_pl3) elements here -->
</listPlace>
<listRelation>
 <relation name="residence"
  active="#en_pp1 #en_pp2" passive="#en_pl1"/>
</listRelation>

<location>

<place>
 <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
 </location>
</place>

<location>

<place xml:id="BGbuilding" type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">
   <num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<location>

<place type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<place>

<place>
 <country>Lithuania</country>
 <country xml:lang="lt">Lietuva</country>
 <place>
  <settlement>Vilnius</settlement>
 </place>
 <place>
  <settlement>Kaunas</settlement>
 </place>
</place>

<terrain>

<place xml:id="KERG">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

att.global.linking

<!-- In a placeography called "places.xml" --><place xml:id="LOND1"
 corresp="people.xml#LOND2 people.xml#GENI1">
 <placeName>London</placeName>
 <desc>The city of London...</desc>
</place>
<!-- In a literary personography called "people.xml" -->
<person xml:id="LOND2"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #GENI1">
 <persName type="lit">London</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Allegorical character representing the city of <placeName ref="places.xml#LOND1">London</placeName>.</p>
 </note>
</person>
<person xml:id="GENI1"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #LOND2">
 <persName type="lit">London’s Genius</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Personification of London’s genius. Appears as an
     allegorical character in mayoral shows.
  </p>
 </note>
</person>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<population>

<population> (population) contains information about the population of a place. [14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeStateLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName population region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: precision

core: bibl biblStruct desc head label listBibl note noteGrp p

header: biblFull

linking: ab

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: population

Example

<population when="2001-04" resp="#UKCensus">
 <population type="white">
  <desc>54153898</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="asian">
  <desc>11811423</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="black">
  <desc>1148738</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="mixed">
  <desc>677117</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="chinese">
  <desc>247403</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="other">
  <desc>230615</desc>
 </population>
</population>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="precision" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <alternate>
    <classRef key="model.pLike"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <classRef key="model.labelLike"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </alternate>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
  <elementRef key="population"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element population
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      precision*,
      model.headLike*,
      (
         (
            ( model.pLike+ | model.labelLike+ ),
            ( model.noteLike | model.biblLike )*
         )?
      ),
      population*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <population> (population)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <population> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <population> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<population type="squirrel"
 notBefore="1901" notAfter="1902-01-11" resp="#strabo">
 <population type="red" when="1901-01-10">
  <population type="female">
   <desc>12</desc>
  </population>
  <population type="male">
   <desc>15</desc>
  </population>
 </population>
 <population type="gray" when="1902-01-10"
  cert="high">
  <population type="female">
   <desc>23</desc>
  </population>
  <population type="male" cert="low"
   resp="#biber">
   <desc>45</desc>
  </population>
 </population>
</population>

<population>

<population when="2001-04" resp="#UKCensus">
 <population type="white">
  <desc>54153898</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="asian">
  <desc>11811423</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="black">
  <desc>1148738</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="mixed">
  <desc>677117</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="chinese">
  <desc>247403</desc>
 </population>
 <population type="other">
  <desc>230615</desc>
 </population>
</population>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<relation>

<relation> (relationship) describes any kind of relationship or linkage amongst a specified group of places, events, persons, objects or other items. [14.3.2.3. Personal Relationships]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

name name⚓︎
supplies a name for the kind of relationship of which this is an instance.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

active active⚓︎
identifies the ‘active’ participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

mutual mutual⚓︎
supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

passive passive⚓︎
identifies the ‘passive’ participants in a non-mutual relationship.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Contained by

core: listBibl

namesdates: event listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

May contain

core: desc

Note

Only one of the attributes active and mutual may be supplied; the attribute passive may be supplied only if the attribute active is supplied. Not all of these constraints can be enforced in all schema languages.

Example

<relation type="social" name="supervisor"
 active="#p1" passive="#p2 #p3 #p4"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This indicates that the person with identifier p1 is supervisor of persons p2, p3, and p4.

Example

<relation type="personal" name="friends"
 mutual="#p2 #p3 #p4"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This indicates that p2, p3, and p4 are all friends.

Example

<relation type="CRM"
 name="P89_falls_within"
 active="http://id.clarosnet.org/places/metamorphoses/place/italy-orvieto"
 passive="http://id.clarosnet.org/places/metamorphoses/country/IT"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This indicates that there is a relation, defined by CIDOC CRM, between two resources identified by URLs.

Example

<relation resp="http://viaf.org/viaf/44335536/"
 ref="http://purl.org/saws/ontology#isVariantOf"
 active="http://www.ancientwisdoms.ac.uk/cts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg3017.Syno298.sawsGrc01:divedition.divsection1.o14.a107"
 passive="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg002.perseus-grc1:9.35"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This example records a relationship, defined by the SAWS ontology, between a passage of text identified by a CTS URN, and a variant passage of text in the Perseus Digital Library, and assigns the identification of the relationship to a particular editor (all using resolvable URIs).

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:relation">
<sch:assert test="@ref or @key or @name">One of the attributes @name, @ref or @key must be supplied</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:relation">
<sch:report test="@active and @mutual">Only one of the attributes @active and @mutual may be supplied</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:relation">
<sch:report test="@passive and not(@active)">the attribute @passive may be supplied only if the attribute @active is supplied</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element relation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute name { teidata.enumerated }?,
   (
      attribute active { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?
    | attribute mutual { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?
   ),
   attribute passive { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   desc?
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <relation> (relationship)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <relation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <relation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

14.3.2.2. Personal Events

<relation name="spouse" mutual="#WM #JBM"/>
<relation name="friend" mutual="#WM #RWD"/>
<relation name="parent" active="#RB"
 passive="#JBM"/>

14.3.2.3. Personal Relationships

<listRelation>
 <relation name="parent" active="#P1 #P2"
  passive="#P3 #P4"/>
 <relation name="spouse" mutual="#P1 #P2"/>
 <relation type="social" name="employer"
  active="#P1" passive="#P3 #P4"/>
</listRelation>

14.3.4.4. Relations Between Places

<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="MASC">
  <placeName>Mascarene islands</placeName>
  <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="MRU">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 </place>
 <place xml:id="ROD">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="REN">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
 <relation name="contains" active="#MASC"
  passive="#ROD #MRU #REN"/>
</listPlace>

14.3.4.4. Relations Between Places

<relation name="partOf" active="#REN"
 passive="#FRA #MASC"/>

<listPerson>

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#P1234 #P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listPerson>

<listPerson type="respondents">
 <personGrp xml:id="fr_PXXX"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_P1234" sex="2" age="mid"/>
 <person xml:id="fr_P4332" sex="1" age="mid"/>
 <listRelation>
  <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
   mutual="#fr_P1234 #fr_P4332"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="pp1">
<!-- data about person pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="pp2">
<!-- data about person pp1 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (pp3, pp4) elements here -->
 <listRelation type="personal">
  <relation name="parent"
   active="#pp1 #pp2" passive="#pp3 #pp4"/>
  <relation name="spouse"
   mutual="#pp1 #pp2"/>
 </listRelation>
 <listRelation type="social">
  <relation name="employer" active="#pp1"
   passive="#pp3 #pp5 #pp6 #pp7"/>
 </listRelation>
</listPerson>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="en_pp1">
<!-- data about person en_pp1 -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="en_pp2">
<!-- data about person en_pp2 -->
 </person>
<!-- more person (en_pp3, en_pp4) elements here -->
</listPerson>
<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="en_pl1">
<!-- data about place en_pl1 -->
 </place>
<!-- more place (en_pl2, en_pl3) elements here -->
</listPlace>
<listRelation>
 <relation name="residence"
  active="#en_pp1 #en_pp2" passive="#en_pl1"/>
</listRelation>

<listRelation>

<listPerson>
 <person xml:id="zh-tw_pp1">
<!-- 第一人的資料 -->
 </person>
<!-- 更多關於此人的元素 -->
</listPerson>
<listRelation type="personal">
 <relation name="parent"
  active="#zh-tw_pp1 #zh-tw_pp2" passive="#p3 #p4"/>
 <relation name="spouse"
  mutual="#zh-tw_pp1 #zh-tw_pp2"/>
</listRelation>
<listRelation type="social">
 <relation name="employer"
  active="#zh-tw_pp1" passive="#p3 #p5 #p6 #p7"/>
</listRelation>

<relation>

<relation type="social" name="supervisor"
 active="#p1" passive="#p2 #p3 #p4"/>

<relation>

<relation type="social" name="supervisor"
 active="#fr_p1" passive="#p2 #p3 #p4"/>

<relation>

<relation type="personal" name="friends"
 mutual="#fr_p2 #fr_p3 #fr_p4"/>

<relation>

<relation type="personal" name="friends"
 mutual="#p2 #p3 #p4"/>

<relation>

<relation type="CRM"
 name="P89_falls_within"
 active="http://id.clarosnet.org/places/metamorphoses/place/italy-orvieto"
 passive="http://id.clarosnet.org/places/metamorphoses/country/IT"/>

<relation>

<relation resp="http://viaf.org/viaf/44335536/"
 ref="http://purl.org/saws/ontology#isVariantOf"
 active="http://www.ancientwisdoms.ac.uk/cts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg3017.Syno298.sawsGrc01:divedition.divsection1.o14.a107"
 passive="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg002.perseus-grc1:9.35"/>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

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C Elements

<residence>

<residence> (residence) describes a person's present or past places of residence. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

primary

secondary

temporary

permanent

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<residence>Childhood in East Africa and long term resident of Glasgow, Scotland.</residence>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Scotland</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element residence
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <residence> (residence)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <residence> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <residence> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<residence from="1857-03-01"
 to="1857-04-30">Lived in Amsterdam during March and April of 1857.</residence>

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<residence notBefore="1857-03-01"
 to="1857-04-30">From the 1st of March or sometime later to the end of April,
1857.</residence>

14.1.2. Dating Attributes

<residence from="1856-03" to="1858-04">From sometime in March of 1856 to sometime in April of 1858.</residence>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<person xml:id="simon_son_of_richard2">
 <persName>Simon, son of Richard</persName>
 <residence>
  <placeName>
   <region>Essex</region>
  </placeName>
 </residence>
 <floruit notBefore="1219" notAfter="1223">1219-1223</floruit>
</person>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

<residence>

<residence>Childhood in East Africa and long term resident of Glasgow, Scotland.</residence>

<residence>

<residence>Enfance passée en Afrique orientale, résidant longtemps à Glasgow en
Ecosse.</residence>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Ecosse</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<residence>

<residence>童年生活於中亞，長期居留在中國青島。</residence>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">台北東區帝寶大廈</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>沙鹿</settlement>
  <region>台中</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Scotland</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.2. Indications of Precision

<residence from="1857-03-01"
 notAfter="1857-04-30">From the 1st of March to
some time in April of 1857.
<precision match="@notAfter"
  precision="medium"/>
</residence>

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C Elements

<sex>

<sex> (sex) specifies the sex of an organism. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.typed

@type

@subtype

value value⚓︎
supplies a coded value for sex.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.sex separated by whitespace

Note

Values for this attribute may be locally defined by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

As with other culturally-constructed traits such as age and gender, the way in which this concept is described in different cultural contexts varies. The normalizing attributes are provided only as an optional means of simplifying that variety for purposes of interoperability or project-internal taxonomies for consistency, and should not be used where that is inappropriate or unhelpful. The content of the element may be used to describe the intended concept in more detail.

Example

<sex value="F">female</sex>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<sex value="I">Intersex</sex>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<sex value="TG F">Female (TransWoman)</sex>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element sex
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute value { list { teidata.sex+ } }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <sex> (sex)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <sex> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <sex> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<sex value="F">female</sex>
<gender value="W">woman</gender>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<sex value="F"/>
<gender value="W"/>

<persPronouns>

<person>
 <persName>
  <forename>SUE</forename>
  <addName>the T. rex</addName>
 </persName>
 <residence>The Field Museum. Chicago, Illinois, United States.</residence>
 <sex value="0"/>
 <persPronouns value="they">they/them</persPronouns>
 <note>
  <cit>
   <quote>Specimen FMNH PR 2081. Legendary Fossil. Apex
       Predator. National Treasure. <emph style="text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.25rem;">Murderbird.</emph>
   </quote>
   <bibl>SUEtheTrex, Twitter biography.
   <ptr target="https://twitter.com/SUEtheTrex"/>.
       Accessed <date when="2020-03-25">March 25th, 2020</date>.</bibl>
  </cit>
 </note>
</person>

<sex>

<sex value="F">female</sex>

<sex>

<sex value="I">Intersex</sex>

<sex>

<sex value="TG F">Female (TransWoman)</sex>

<sex>

<sex value="F">féminin</sex>

<sex>

<sex value="F">女性</sex>

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C Elements

<socecStatus>

<socecStatus> (socio-economic status) contains an informal description of a person's perceived social or economic status. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

scheme scheme⚓︎
identifies the classification system or taxonomy in use, for example by pointing to a locally-defined taxonomy element or by supplying a URI for an externally-defined system.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

code code⚓︎
identifies a status code defined within the classification system or taxonomy defined by the scheme attribute.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

type type⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

atBirth

atDeath

dependent

inherited

independent

Member of

model.persStateLike

Contained by

namesdates: person personGrp persona

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The content of this element may be used as an alternative to the more formal specification made possible by its attributes; it may also be used to supplement the formal specification with commentary or clarification.

Example

<socecStatus scheme="#rg" code="#ab1"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<socecStatus>Status AB1 in the RG Classification scheme</socecStatus>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element socecStatus
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute scheme { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute code { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <socecStatus> (socio-economic status)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <socecStatus> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <socecStatus> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

16. Language Corpora

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<socecStatus ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:AB1">Status AB1 in the RG Classification scheme</socecStatus>

<socecStatus>

<socecStatus scheme="#rg" code="#ab1"/>

<socecStatus>

<socecStatus scheme="#fr_rg" code="#ab1"/>

<socecStatus>

<socecStatus>Code 17 dans la PCS ( Professions et catégories
socioprofessionnelles)</socecStatus>

<socecStatus>

<socecStatus>印度教種姓制度下的賤民階級</socecStatus>

<socecStatus>

<socecStatus>Status AB1 in the RG Classification scheme</socecStatus>

16. Language Corpora

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<person sex="2" age="mid">
 <birth when="1950-01-12">
  <date>12 Jan 1950</date>
  <name type="place">Shropshire, UK</name>
 </birth>
 <langKnowledge tags="en fr">
  <langKnown level="first" tag="en">English</langKnown>
  <langKnown tag="fr">French</langKnown>
 </langKnowledge>
 <residence>Long term resident of Hull</residence>
 <education>University postgraduate</education>
 <occupation>Unknown</occupation>
 <socecStatus scheme="#pep" code="#b2"/>
</person>

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C Elements

<state>

<state> (state) contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization often at some specific time or for a specific date range. [14.3.1. Basic Principles 14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.orgStateLike model.persStateLike model.placeStateLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus state surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: precision

core: bibl biblStruct desc head label listBibl note noteGrp p

header: biblFull

linking: ab

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: state

Note

Where there is confusion between trait and state the more general purpose element state should be used even for unchanging characteristics. If you wish to distinguish between characteristics that are generally perceived to be time-bound states and those assumed to be fixed traits, then trait is available for the more static of these. The state element encodes characteristics which are sometimes assumed to change, often at specific times or over a date range, whereas the trait elements are used to record characteristics, such as eye-colour, which are less subject to change. Traits are typically, but not necessarily, independent of the volition or action of the holder.

Example

<state ref="#SCHOL" type="status">
 <label>scholar</label>
</state>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<org>
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="precision" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="state" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <sequence>
    <classRef key="model.headLike"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <classRef key="model.pLike"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
     <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.labelLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element state
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      precision*,
      (
         state+
       | (
            model.headLike*,
            model.pLike+,
            ( model.noteLike | model.biblLike )*
         )
       | ( model.labelLike | model.noteLike | model.biblLike )*
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <state> (state)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <state> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <state> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<state type="office" from="1777-04-07"
 to="1780-07-12">
 <p>Jón's first living — which he apparently accepted rather reluctantly — was at <name type="place">Háls í
     Hamarsfirði</name>, <name type="place">Múlasýsla</name>, to which he was presented on 7 April 1777. He was
   ordained the following month and spent three years at Háls, but was never happy there, due largely to the general
   penury in which he was forced to live — a recurrent theme throughout the early part of his life. In June of 1780
   the bishop recommended that Jón should <q xml:lang="da">promoveres til andet bedre kald, end det hand hidindtil
     har havt</q>, and on 12 July it was agreed that he should exchange livings with <name type="person"
   ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:ThorJon">sr. Þórður Jónsson</name> at <name type="place">Kálfafell á Síðu</name>,
 <name type="place">Skaftafellssýsla</name>.</p>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.15, p. 733.</bibl>
 <bibl>ÞÍ, Stms I.17, p.
   102.</bibl>
</state>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<state type="nationality"
 notBefore="2002-01-15">
 <label>Nationality</label>
 <desc>American citizen from 15 January 2002.</desc>
</state>

14.3.3. Organizational Data

<org xml:id="FAB4">
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

<state>

<state ref="#SCHOL" type="status">
 <label>scholar</label>
</state>

<state>

<org>
 <orgName notAfter="1960">The Silver Beetles</orgName>
 <orgName notBefore="1960">The Beatles</orgName>
 <state type="membership" from="1960-08"
  to="1962-05">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Stuart Sutcliffe</persName>
   <persName>Pete Best</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
 <state type="membership" notBefore="1963">
  <desc>
   <persName>John Lennon</persName>
   <persName>Paul McCartney</persName>
   <persName>George Harrison</persName>
   <persName>Ringo Starr</persName>
  </desc>
 </state>
</org>

<state>

<state cert="high" type="social"
 from="1987-01-01" to="1997-12-31">
 <label>Citoyenneté</label>
 <desc>Entre 1987 et 1997a bénéficié du statut de citoyen naturalisé du ROYAUME-UNI</desc>
</state>

<state>

<state ref="#zh-tw_SCHOL" type="status">
 <label>學者</label>
</state>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<terrain>

<terrain> (terrain) contains information about the physical terrain of a place. [14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.placeStateLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname terrain

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: precision

core: bibl biblStruct desc head label listBibl note noteGrp p

header: biblFull

linking: ab

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: terrain

Example

<place xml:id="KERG">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="precision" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <classRef key="model.labelLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="terrain" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element terrain
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      precision*,
      model.headLike*,
      ( model.pLike+ | model.labelLike+ ),
      ( model.noteLike | model.biblLike )*,
      terrain*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <terrain> (terrain)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <terrain> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <terrain> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<desc>

<place xml:id="KERG2">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

<terrain>

<place xml:id="KERG">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<trait>

<trait> (trait) contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization typically, but not necessarily, independent of the volition or action of the holder and usually not at some specific time or for a specific date range. [14.3.1. Basic Principles 14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.persStateLike model.placeStateLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname trait

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: precision

core: bibl biblStruct desc head label listBibl note noteGrp p

header: biblFull

linking: ab

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: trait

Note

Where there is confusion between trait and state the more general purpose element state should be used even for unchanging characteristics. If you wish to distinguish between characteristics that are generally perceived to be time-bound states and those assumed to be fixed traits, then trait is available for the more static of these. The state element encodes characteristics which are sometimes assumed to change, often at specific times or over a date range, whereas the trait elements are used to record characteristics, such as eye-colour, which are less subject to change. Traits are typically, but not necessarily, independent of the volition or action of the holder.

Example

<trait type="physical">
 <label>Eye colour</label>
 <desc>Blue</desc>
</trait>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="precision" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="trait" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <sequence>
    <classRef key="model.headLike"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <classRef key="model.pLike"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    <alternate minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
     <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
    </alternate>
   </sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.labelLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element trait
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.dimensions.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      precision*,
      (
         trait+
       | (
            model.headLike*,
            model.pLike+,
            ( model.noteLike | model.biblLike )*
         )
       | ( model.labelLike | model.noteLike | model.biblLike )*
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <trait> (trait)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <trait> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <trait> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<trait type="ethnicity" key="alb">
 <label>Ethnicity</label>
 <desc>Ethnic Albanian.</desc>
</trait>

14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics

<trait type="physical">
 <label>eye colour</label>
 <desc>blue</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
 <label>hair colour</label>
 <desc>brown</desc>
</trait>

<trait>

<trait type="physical">
 <label>眼珠顏色</label>
 <desc>藍色</desc>
</trait>

<trait>

<trait type="physical">
 <label>Couleur des yeux</label>
 <desc>bleu</desc>
</trait>

<trait>

<trait type="physical">
 <label>Eye colour</label>
 <desc>Blue</desc>
</trait>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<objectName>

<objectName> (name of an object) contains a proper noun or noun phrase used to refer to an object. [14.2.5. Object Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.personal

@full

@sort

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.nameLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode correspAction creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msIdentifier musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectIdentifier objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<p>
The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#AlfredJewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element objectName
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.editLike.attributes,
   att.personal.attributes,
   att.naming.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <objectName> (name of an object)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <objectName> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <objectName> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.5. Object Names

<p>The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#AlfredJewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-shortIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName>Excalibur</objectName>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur.</p>
</object>

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-longerIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the main English name for the legendary
   sword of King Arthur. In Welsh it is called
 <mentioned>Caledfwlch</mentioned>, in Cornish it is called
 <mentioned>Calesvol</mentioned>, in Breton it is called
 <mentioned>Kaledvoulc'h</mentioned>, and in Latin it is
   called <mentioned>Caliburnus</mentioned>. In some versions
   of the legend, Excalibur’s blade was engraved with phrases on opposite
   sides: <q>Take me up</q> and <q>Cast me away</q> (or similar).</p>
</object>

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<objectName>

<p>
The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#AlfredJewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <region>Oxfordshire</region>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
 <collection>English Treasures</collection>
 <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
 <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
 <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
</objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>

<object xml:id="Excalibur-MultipleNames">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur, in Welsh it is called Caledfwlch,
   in Cornish it is called Calesvol, in Breton it is called Kaledvoulc'h, and in Latin it is called Caliburnus.
   In some versions Excalibur's blade was engraved with phrases on opposite sides which in translation read:
   "Take me up" and "Cast me away" (or similar).</p>
</object>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<object>

<object> contains a description of a single identifiable physical object. [14.3.6. Objects]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.canonical

@key

@ref

att.declaring

@decls

att.docStatus

@status

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.objectLike

Contained by

namesdates: event listObject object

textcrit: witness

May contain

core: bibl biblStruct head listBibl note noteGrp p

header: biblFull

linking: ab link linkGrp

msdescription: additional history msContents msDesc physDesc

namesdates: object objectIdentifier

Note

The object element is a recent addition to the TEI P5 Guidelines as of version 3.5.0 and as such may be more prone to further revision in the next few releases as its use develops. This may be particularly evident where its contents have been borrowed from msDesc and have yet to be generalized from their use in the context of manuscript descriptions.

The object element may be used for describing any object, text-bearing or not, though where the textuality of the object is the primary concern or a collection is mostly composed of manuscripts, encoders may prefer the msDesc element (a more specific form of object) which may be used not only to describe manuscripts but any form of text-bearing objects such as early printed books.

Example

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="objectIdentifier"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="msContents"/>
    <elementRef key="physDesc"/>
    <elementRef key="history"/>
    <elementRef key="additional"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.noteLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.biblLike"/>
   <elementRef key="linkGrp"/>
   <elementRef key="link"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="object" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element object
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.canonical.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.docStatus.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      objectIdentifier+,
      model.headLike*,
      ( model.pLike+ | ( msContents | physDesc | history | additional )* ),
      ( model.noteLike | model.biblLike | linkGrp | link )*,
      object*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <object>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <object> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <object> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-shortIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName>Excalibur</objectName>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur.</p>
</object>

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-longerIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the main English name for the legendary
   sword of King Arthur. In Welsh it is called
 <mentioned>Caledfwlch</mentioned>, in Cornish it is called
 <mentioned>Calesvol</mentioned>, in Breton it is called
 <mentioned>Kaledvoulc'h</mentioned>, and in Latin it is
   called <mentioned>Caliburnus</mentioned>. In some versions
   of the legend, Excalibur’s blade was engraved with phrases on opposite
   sides: <q>Take me up</q> and <q>Cast me away</q> (or similar).</p>
</object>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<object xml:id="Excalibur-MultipleNames">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur, in Welsh it is called Caledfwlch,
   in Cornish it is called Calesvol, in Breton it is called Kaledvoulc'h, and in Latin it is called Caliburnus.
   In some versions Excalibur's blade was engraved with phrases on opposite sides which in translation read:
   "Take me up" and "Cast me away" (or similar).</p>
</object>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<listObject>

<listObject> (list of objects) contains a list of descriptions, each of which provides information about an identifiable physical object. [14.3.6. Objects]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declarable

@default

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.listLike model.objectLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: event listObject occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc head

namesdates: listObject listRelation object relation

Note

The type attribute may be used to distinguish different types of objects.

Example

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:listObject"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="relation" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="listRelation"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.objectLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="relation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listRelation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listObject
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.headLike*,
      desc*,
      ( relation | listRelation )*,
      ( ( model.objectLike+, ( relation | listRelation )* )+ )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <listObject> (list of objects)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listObject> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listObject> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

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C Elements

<objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier> (object identifier) groups one or more identifiers or pieces of locating information concerning a single object. [14.3.6. Objects]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.biblPart

Contained by

core: bibl

namesdates: object

May contain

core: address

header: idno

msdescription: altIdentifier collection institution msName repository

namesdates: bloc country district geogName objectName placeName region settlement

Example

<objectIdentifier>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <region>Oxfordshire</region>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
 <collection>English Treasures</collection>
 <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
 <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
 <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
</objectIdentifier>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<object xml:id="Excalibur-MultipleNames">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur, in Welsh it is called Caledfwlch,
   in Cornish it is called Calesvol, in Breton it is called Kaledvoulc'h, and in Latin it is called Caliburnus.
   In some versions Excalibur's blade was engraved with phrases on opposite sides which in translation read:
   "Take me up" and "Cast me away" (or similar).</p>
</object>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.placeNamePart"/>
  <elementRef key="institution"/>
  <elementRef key="repository"/>
  <elementRef key="collection"/>
  <elementRef key="idno"/>
  <elementRef key="msName"/>
  <elementRef key="objectName"/>
  <elementRef key="altIdentifier"/>
  <elementRef key="address"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element objectIdentifier
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      model.placeNamePart
    | institution
    | repository
    | collection
    | idno
    | msName
    | objectName
    | altIdentifier
    | address
   )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <objectIdentifier> (object identifier)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <objectIdentifier> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <objectIdentifier> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-shortIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName>Excalibur</objectName>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur.</p>
</object>

14.3.6. Objects

<object xml:id="Excalibur-longerIdentifier">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the main English name for the legendary
   sword of King Arthur. In Welsh it is called
 <mentioned>Caledfwlch</mentioned>, in Cornish it is called
 <mentioned>Calesvol</mentioned>, in Breton it is called
 <mentioned>Kaledvoulc'h</mentioned>, and in Latin it is
   called <mentioned>Caliburnus</mentioned>. In some versions
   of the legend, Excalibur’s blade was engraved with phrases on opposite
   sides: <q>Take me up</q> and <q>Cast me away</q> (or similar).</p>
</object>

14.3.6. Objects

<objectIdentifier>
 <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
 <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
 <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
 <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
 <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
 <address>
  <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
  <district>Ismailia</district>
  <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
  <country>Egypt</country>
  <location>
   <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
  </location>
 </address>
</objectIdentifier>

14.3.6. Objects

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

14.3.6. Objects

<!-- Inside <standOff>: --><listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred-Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p>The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me
       made'.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county
       of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King
       Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Inside <text>: -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred-Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

14.3.6. Objects

<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
 xml:id="UNAM-CL">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
  <objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
  <settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
  <region>Coyoacán</region>
  <country>Mexico</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <physDesc>
  <objectDesc>
   <p>The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
     type="area">16 thousand square
         meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
    <objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
       pre-Hispanic art.</p>
   <p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
       These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
       In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
   <material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
       and administrative offices of the library.</p>
   <p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
       colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
   <persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
  </objectDesc>
  <decoDesc>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
       around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
       exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
       sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
   <decoNote>
    <label>Murals</label>
    <p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
         called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
           mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
         impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
         colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
         resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
           O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
         culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
         Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
         life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
         deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
         relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>.</p>
   </decoNote>
  </decoDesc>
 </physDesc>
 <history>
  <origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
     collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
     functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
     grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
     Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
  <origDate when="1956-04-05"
    type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
     world heritage site. </origin>
 </history>
 <additional>
  <adminInfo>
   <custodialHist>
    <custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
         purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
         collections. </custEvent>
   </custodialHist>
  </adminInfo>
 </additional>
</object>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="Alfred_Jewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock
       crystal is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the
       crystal in place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered
       me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and
       was most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English
       county of Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney,
       where King Alfred founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in
       the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>
<!-- Elsewhere in document -->
<p> The <objectName ref="#MinsterLovellJewel">Minster Lovell Jewel</objectName> is probably the most similar to the
<objectName ref="#Alfred_Jewel">Alfred Jewel</objectName> and was found in <placeName ref="#MinsterLovell">Minster
   Lovell</placeName> in <placeName ref="#Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</placeName> and is kept at the <orgName ref="#AshmoleanMuseum">Ashmolean Museum</orgName>.
</p>

<object>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
   <idno type="carter">256a</idno>
   <idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
   <idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
   <institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
   <address>
    <street>15 Meret Basha</street>
    <district>Ismailia</district>
    <settlement>Cairo</settlement>
    <country>Egypt</country>
    <location>
     <geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
    </location>
   </address>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <msContents>
   <p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
       vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
       before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
  </msContents>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
       varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
       composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
       22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
   <p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
       (Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
       Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
       lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
       made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
         who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
   </origin>
   <provenance>
    <p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
         1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
         sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
         Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
           a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
           Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
           beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
           back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
    </p>
   </provenance>
   <acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
       kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
  </history>
  <additional>
   <adminInfo>
    <custodialHist>
     <custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
           the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
           beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
           it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
     <custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
           used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
    </custodialHist>
   </adminInfo>
  </additional>
 </object>
</listObject>

<listObject>

<listObject>
 <object xml:id="AlfredJewel">
  <objectIdentifier>
   <country>United Kingdom</country>
   <region>Oxfordshire</region>
   <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
   <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
   <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
   <collection>English Treasures</collection>
   <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
   <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
   <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
  </objectIdentifier>
  <physDesc>
   <p> The Alfred Jewel is about 6.4 cm in length and is made of combination of filigreed <material>gold</material>
       surrounding a polished teardrop shaped piece of transparent <material>quartz</material>. Underneath the rock crystal
       is a cloisonné enamel image of a man with ecclesiastical symbols. The sides of the jewel holding the crystal in
       place contain an openwork inscription saying "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning 'Alfred ordered me made'. </p>
  </physDesc>
  <history>
   <origin>It is generally accepted that the Alfred Jewel dates from the <origDate>late 9th Century</origDate> and was
       most likely made in <origPlace>England</origPlace>. </origin>
   <provenance when="1693">The jewel was discovered in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton in the English county of
       Somerset, on land owned by Sir Thomas Wroth. North Petherton is about 8 miles away from Athelney, where King Alfred
       founded a monastery. </provenance>
   <provenance when="1698">A description of the Alfred Jewel was first published in 1698, in the Philosophical
       Transactions of the Royal Society.</provenance>
   <acquisition> It was bequeathed to Oxford University by Colonel Nathaniel Palmer (c. 1661-1718) and today is in the
       Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. </acquisition>
  </history>
 </object>
</listObject>

<objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <region>Oxfordshire</region>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
 <institution>University of Oxford</institution>
 <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
 <collection>English Treasures</collection>
 <idno type="ashmolean">AN1836p.135.371</idno>
 <idno type="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jewel</idno>
 <objectName>Alfred Jewel</objectName>
</objectIdentifier>

<objectIdentifier>

<object xml:id="Excalibur-MultipleNames">
 <objectIdentifier>
  <objectName type="main">Excalibur</objectName>
  <objectName type="alt">Caliburn</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cy">Caledfwlch</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="cnx">Calesvol</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="br">Kaledvoulc'h</objectName>
  <objectName xml:lang="la">Caliburnus</objectName>
  <country>Wales</country>
 </objectIdentifier>
 <p>Excalibur is the name for the legendary sword of King Arthur, in Welsh it is called Caledfwlch,
   in Cornish it is called Calesvol, in Breton it is called Kaledvoulc'h, and in Latin it is called Caliburnus.
   In some versions Excalibur's blade was engraved with phrases on opposite sides which in translation read:
   "Take me up" and "Cast me away" (or similar).</p>
</object>

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C Elements

<nym>

<nym> (canonical name) contains the definition for a canonical name or name component of any kind. [14.3.7. Names and Nyms]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

parts parts⚓︎
points to constituent nyms.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Contained by

namesdates: listNym nym

May contain

core: p

dictionaries: colloc def etym form gramGrp hom hyph lbl orth pos pron re sense subc superEntry syll usg xr

header: idno

linking: ab

namesdates: nym

Example

<nym xml:id="J452">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">Iain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="idno" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.entryPart"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="nym" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element nym
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute parts { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   ( idno*, model.entryPart*, model.pLike*, nym* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <nym> (canonical name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <nym> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <nym> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<listNym>
 <nym xml:id="N123">
  <form>Antony</form>
 </nym>
<!-- other nym definitions here -->
</listNym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="J451">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">Iain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="XYZ">
 <form>Bogomil</form>
 <etym>Means <gloss>favoured by God</gloss> from the <lang>Slavic</lang> elements <mentioned xml:lang="ru">bog</mentioned>
  <gloss>God</gloss> and <mentioned xml:lang="ru">mil</mentioned>
  <gloss>favour</gloss>
 </etym>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="ABC">
 <form>
  <choice>
   <seg type="morph">
    <seg>Bog</seg>
    <seg>o</seg>
    <seg>mil</seg>
   </seg>
   <seg type="morph">
    <seg>Bogo</seg>
    <seg>mil</seg>
   </seg>
  </choice>
 </form>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="B1" type="part">
 <form>bog</form>
</nym>
<nym xml:id="M1" type="part">
 <form>mil</form>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="BM1" parts="#B1 #M1">
 <form>Bogomil</form>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="J45">
 <form xml:lang="la">Iohannes</form>
 <nym xml:id="J450">
  <form xml:lang="en">John</form>
  <nym xml:id="J4501">
   <form>Johnny</form>
  </nym>
  <nym xml:id="J4502">
   <form>Jon</form>
  </nym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="J455">
  <form xml:lang="ru">Ivan</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="J453">
  <form xml:lang="fr">Jean</form>
 </nym>
</nym>

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<geogName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LAEI1"
 type="hill">
 <geogFeat xml:lang="gd" nymRef="#LAIRG">Lairig</geogFeat>
 <name>Eilde</name>
</geogName> ... <nym xml:id="LAIRG">
 <form xml:lang="gd">lairig</form>
 <def>sloping hill face</def>
</nym> ...

<nym>

<nym xml:id="J452">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">Iain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

<nym>

<nym xml:id="fr_J452">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="en-US">Ian</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="en-x-Scots">lain</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

<nym>

<nym xml:id="zh-tw_J452">
 <form>
  <orth xml:lang="zh-TW">歡</orth>
  <orth xml:lang="zh-CN">欢</orth>
 </form>
</nym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>Contraction of <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="fr_ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="fr_DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>contraction de <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="fr_HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_ROSE">
  <form>玫瑰</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_ORCHID">
  <form>蘭花</form>
  <etym>多年生草本植物，葉細長而尖，春天開花，味清香。</etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_HTHR">
  <form>Heather(石南屬植物)</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

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C Elements

<listNym>

<listNym> (list of canonical names) contains a list of nyms, that is, standardized names for any thing. [14.3.7. Names and Nyms]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declarable

@default

att.sortable

@sortKey

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.listLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: listNym occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc head

namesdates: listNym listRelation nym relation

Note

The type attribute may be used to distinguish lists of names of a particular type if convenient.

Example

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>Contraction of <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:listNym"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="relation" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="listRelation"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <alternate minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="nym" minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listNym" minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="relation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <elementRef key="listRelation"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listNym
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   att.sortable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.headLike*,
      desc*,
      ( relation | listRelation )*,
      ( ( ( nym | listNym )+, ( relation | listRelation )* )+ )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <listNym> (list of canonical names)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listNym> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listNym> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<listNym>
 <nym xml:id="N123">
  <form>Antony</form>
 </nym>
<!-- other nym definitions here -->
</listNym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>Contraction of <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="fr_ROSE">
  <form>Rose</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="fr_DAISY">
  <form>Daisy</form>
  <etym>contraction de <mentioned>day's eye</mentioned>
  </etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="fr_HTHR">
  <form>Heather</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

<listNym>

<listNym type="floral">
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_ROSE">
  <form>玫瑰</form>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_ORCHID">
  <form>蘭花</form>
  <etym>多年生草本植物，葉細長而尖，春天開花，味清香。</etym>
 </nym>
 <nym xml:id="zh-tw_HTHR">
  <form>Heather(石南屬植物)</form>
 </nym>
</listNym>

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C Elements

<table>

<table> (table) contains text displayed in tabular form, in rows and columns. [15.1.1. TEI Tables]

Module
figures — Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.typed

@type

@subtype

rows rows⚓︎
(rows) indicates the number of rows in the table.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Note

If no number is supplied, an application must calculate the number of rows.

Rows should be presented from top to bottom.

cols cols⚓︎
(columns) indicates the number of columns in each row of the table.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Note

If no number is supplied, an application must calculate the number of columns.

Within each row, columns should be presented left to right.

Member of

model.listLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic sp stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: abstract change handNote licence rendition scriptNote sourceDesc tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: binaryObject cb ellipsis gap gb graphic head index lb media meeting milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure formula notatedMusic row

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

Contains an optional heading and a series of rows.

Any rendition information should be supplied using the global rend attribute, at the table, row, or cell level as appropriate.

Example

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Poor Men's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell role="data"/>
  <cell role="data">Dossing Cribs or Lodging Houses</cell>
  <cell role="data">Beds</cell>
  <cell role="data">Needys or Nightly Lodgers</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Bury St Edmund's</cell>
  <cell role="data">5</cell>
  <cell role="data">8</cell>
  <cell role="data">128</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Thetford</cell>
  <cell role="data">3</cell>
  <cell role="data">6</cell>
  <cell role="data">36</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Attleboro'</cell>
  <cell role="data">3</cell>
  <cell role="data">5</cell>
  <cell role="data">20</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Wymondham</cell>
  <cell role="data">1</cell>
  <cell role="data">11</cell>
  <cell role="data">22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="row"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </alternate>
  <sequence minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element table
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute rows { teidata.count }?,
   attribute cols { teidata.count }?,
   (
      ( model.headLike | model.global )*,
      (
         ( ( row, model.global* )+ )
       | ( ( model.graphicLike, model.global* )+ )
      ),
      ( ( model.divBottom, model.global* )* )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <table> (table)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <table> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <table> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<table rows="3" cols="2">
 <head>Tent supplies</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>nylon tent</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>steel stakes</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>6</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>fiberglass poles</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <ellipsis>
    <metamark function="ellipsis">"</metamark>
    <supplied>
     <num>6</num>
    </supplied>
   </ellipsis>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table rend="boxed" rows="2" cols="2">
 <head rend="it">Report of the conduct and progress of Ernest
   Pontifex. Upper Vth form — half term ending Midsummer 1851</head>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Classics</cell>
  <cell>Idle listless and unimproving</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Mathematics</cell>
  <cell>ditto</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Divinity</cell>
  <cell>ditto</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Conduct in house</cell>
  <cell>Orderly</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">General conduct</cell>
  <cell>Not satisfactory, on account of his great unpunctuality and
     inattention to duties</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Poor Man's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell/>
  <cell>Dossing Cribs or Lodging Houses</cell>
  <cell>Beds</cell>
  <cell>Needys or Nightly Lodgers</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Bury St Edmund's</cell>
  <cell>5</cell>
  <cell>8</cell>
  <cell>128</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Thetford</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>6</cell>
  <cell>36</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Attleboro'</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>5</cell>
  <cell>20</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Wymondham</cell>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>11</cell>
  <cell>22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Wyoming</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>453,588</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Alaska</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>550,043</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Montana</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>799,065</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Rhode Island</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1,003,464</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Wyoming </cell>
  <cell role="pop">453,588 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Alaska </cell>
  <cell role="pop">550,043 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Montana </cell>
  <cell role="pop">799,065 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Rhode Island</cell>
  <cell role="pop">1,003,464</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>The Table of Battallions, reduced out of the grand square of
   men.</head>
 <row>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>2</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>4</cell>
 </row>
<!-- ... -->
 <row>
  <cell>841</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>289 289 256</cell>
  <cell>7</cell>
 </row>
 <trailer>The end of the Table of Battallions reduced out of the
   battels of g. and squares of men: vpon the right side of euery
   leafe.</trailer>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Poor Men's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell role="data"/>
  <cell role="data">Dossing Cribs or Lodging Houses</cell>
  <cell role="data">Beds</cell>
  <cell role="data">Needys or Nightly Lodgers</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Bury St Edmund's</cell>
  <cell role="data">5</cell>
  <cell role="data">8</cell>
  <cell role="data">128</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Thetford</cell>
  <cell role="data">3</cell>
  <cell role="data">6</cell>
  <cell role="data">36</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Attleboro'</cell>
  <cell role="data">3</cell>
  <cell role="data">5</cell>
  <cell role="data">20</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Wymondham</cell>
  <cell role="data">1</cell>
  <cell role="data">11</cell>
  <cell role="data">22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Persistance de la neige dans les Alpes suisses (Denzler). </head>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">A l'altitude de</cell>
  <cell role="data">650 m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">1300m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">1950m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">2700m.</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">la neige reste</cell>
  <cell role="data">77 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 200 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 245 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 365 jours.</cell>
 </row>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>台北飯店提供住房數目(2008年雙十國慶 )</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell role="data"/>
  <cell role="data">經濟客房</cell>
  <cell role="data">標準客房</cell>
  <cell role="data">高級客房</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">圓山大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">203</cell>
  <cell role="data">168</cell>
  <cell role="data">66</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">凱撒大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">216</cell>
  <cell role="data">140</cell>
  <cell role="data">32</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">喜來登大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">197</cell>
  <cell role="data">160</cell>
  <cell role="data">50</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">君悅大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">177</cell>
  <cell role="data">130</cell>
  <cell role="data">22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<row>

<row> (row) contains one row of a table. [15.1.1. TEI Tables]

Module
figures — Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.tableDecoration

@role

@rows

@cols

Contained by

figures: table

May contain

figures: cell

Example

<row role="data">
 <cell role="label">Classics</cell>
 <cell>Idle listless and unimproving</cell>
</row>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="cell" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element row
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.tableDecoration.attributes,
   cell+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <row> (row)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <row> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <row> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<table rows="3" cols="2">
 <head>Tent supplies</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>nylon tent</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>steel stakes</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>6</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>fiberglass poles</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <ellipsis>
    <metamark function="ellipsis">"</metamark>
    <supplied>
     <num>6</num>
    </supplied>
   </ellipsis>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table rend="boxed" rows="2" cols="2">
 <head rend="it">Report of the conduct and progress of Ernest
   Pontifex. Upper Vth form — half term ending Midsummer 1851</head>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Classics</cell>
  <cell>Idle listless and unimproving</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Mathematics</cell>
  <cell>ditto</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Divinity</cell>
  <cell>ditto</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Conduct in house</cell>
  <cell>Orderly</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">General conduct</cell>
  <cell>Not satisfactory, on account of his great unpunctuality and
     inattention to duties</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Poor Man's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell/>
  <cell>Dossing Cribs or Lodging Houses</cell>
  <cell>Beds</cell>
  <cell>Needys or Nightly Lodgers</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Bury St Edmund's</cell>
  <cell>5</cell>
  <cell>8</cell>
  <cell>128</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Thetford</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>6</cell>
  <cell>36</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Attleboro'</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>5</cell>
  <cell>20</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Wymondham</cell>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>11</cell>
  <cell>22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Wyoming</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>453,588</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Alaska</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>550,043</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Montana</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>799,065</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Rhode Island</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1,003,464</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Wyoming </cell>
  <cell role="pop">453,588 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Alaska </cell>
  <cell role="pop">550,043 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Montana </cell>
  <cell role="pop">799,065 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Rhode Island</cell>
  <cell role="pop">1,003,464</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>The Table of Battallions, reduced out of the grand square of
   men.</head>
 <row>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>2</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>4</cell>
 </row>
<!-- ... -->
 <row>
  <cell>841</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>289 289 256</cell>
  <cell>7</cell>
 </row>
 <trailer>The end of the Table of Battallions reduced out of the
   battels of g. and squares of men: vpon the right side of euery
   leafe.</trailer>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Poor Men's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell role="data"/>
  <cell role="data">Dossing Cribs or Lodging Houses</cell>
  <cell role="data">Beds</cell>
  <cell role="data">Needys or Nightly Lodgers</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Bury St Edmund's</cell>
  <cell role="data">5</cell>
  <cell role="data">8</cell>
  <cell role="data">128</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Thetford</cell>
  <cell role="data">3</cell>
  <cell role="data">6</cell>
  <cell role="data">36</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Attleboro'</cell>
  <cell role="data">3</cell>
  <cell role="data">5</cell>
  <cell role="data">20</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Wymondham</cell>
  <cell role="data">1</cell>
  <cell role="data">11</cell>
  <cell role="data">22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Persistance de la neige dans les Alpes suisses (Denzler). </head>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">A l'altitude de</cell>
  <cell role="data">650 m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">1300m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">1950m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">2700m.</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">la neige reste</cell>
  <cell role="data">77 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 200 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 245 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 365 jours.</cell>
 </row>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>台北飯店提供住房數目(2008年雙十國慶 )</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell role="data"/>
  <cell role="data">經濟客房</cell>
  <cell role="data">標準客房</cell>
  <cell role="data">高級客房</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">圓山大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">203</cell>
  <cell role="data">168</cell>
  <cell role="data">66</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">凱撒大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">216</cell>
  <cell role="data">140</cell>
  <cell role="data">32</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">喜來登大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">197</cell>
  <cell role="data">160</cell>
  <cell role="data">50</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">君悅大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">177</cell>
  <cell role="data">130</cell>
  <cell role="data">22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

<row>

<row role="data">
 <cell role="label">Classics</cell>
 <cell>Idle listless and unimproving</cell>
</row>

<row>

<row role="data">
 <cell role="label">Etudes classiques</cell>
 <cell>Inoccupé indolent et sans amélioration</cell>
</row>

<row>

<row role="data">
 <cell role="label">古文</cell>
 <cell>漫無目的且無精進的</cell>
</row>

<cell>

<row>
 <cell role="label">General conduct</cell>
 <cell role="data">Not satisfactory, on account of his great unpunctuality
   and inattention to duties</cell>
</row>

<cell>

<row>
 <cell role="label">Comportement général</cell>
 <cell role="data">Non satisfaisant, à cause de son inexactitude et de son
   inconséquence</cell>
</row>

<cell>

<row>
 <cell role="label">工作評價</cell>
 <cell role="data">不滿意；因為工作拖延、粗心。</cell>
</row>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<cell>

<cell> (cell) contains one cell of a table. [15.1.1. TEI Tables]

Module
figures — Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.tableDecoration

@role

@rows

@cols

Contained by

figures: row

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

<row>
 <cell role="label">General conduct</cell>
 <cell role="data">Not satisfactory, on account of his great unpunctuality
   and inattention to duties</cell>
</row>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.specialPara"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element cell
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.tableDecoration.attributes,
   macro.specialPara
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <cell> (cell)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <cell> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <cell> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions

<table rows="3" cols="2">
 <head>Tent supplies</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>nylon tent</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>steel stakes</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>6</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>fiberglass poles</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <ellipsis>
    <metamark function="ellipsis">"</metamark>
    <supplied>
     <num>6</num>
    </supplied>
   </ellipsis>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.7.3. Vertical Orientation in Horizontal Scripts

<cell style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: sideways-left">
 <lb/>Cash Value
<lb/>of
<lb/>Farms

</cell>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table rend="boxed" rows="2" cols="2">
 <head rend="it">Report of the conduct and progress of Ernest
   Pontifex. Upper Vth form — half term ending Midsummer 1851</head>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Classics</cell>
  <cell>Idle listless and unimproving</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Mathematics</cell>
  <cell>ditto</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Divinity</cell>
  <cell>ditto</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Conduct in house</cell>
  <cell>Orderly</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">General conduct</cell>
  <cell>Not satisfactory, on account of his great unpunctuality and
     inattention to duties</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Poor Man's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell/>
  <cell>Dossing Cribs or Lodging Houses</cell>
  <cell>Beds</cell>
  <cell>Needys or Nightly Lodgers</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Bury St Edmund's</cell>
  <cell>5</cell>
  <cell>8</cell>
  <cell>128</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Thetford</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>6</cell>
  <cell>36</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Attleboro'</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>5</cell>
  <cell>20</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">Wymondham</cell>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>11</cell>
  <cell>22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Wyoming</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>453,588</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Alaska</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>550,043</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Montana</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>799,065</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell>
   <name>Rhode Island</name>
  </cell>
  <cell>
   <num>1,003,464</num>
  </cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>US State populations, 1990</head>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Wyoming </cell>
  <cell role="pop">453,588 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Alaska </cell>
  <cell role="pop">550,043 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Montana </cell>
  <cell role="pop">799,065 </cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="statename">Rhode Island</cell>
  <cell role="pop">1,003,464</cell>
 </row>
</table>

15.1.1. TEI Tables

<table>
 <head>The Table of Battallions, reduced out of the grand square of
   men.</head>
 <row>
  <cell>1</cell>
  <cell>2</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>4</cell>
 </row>
<!-- ... -->
 <row>
  <cell>841</cell>
  <cell>3</cell>
  <cell>289 289 256</cell>
  <cell>7</cell>
 </row>
 <trailer>The end of the Table of Battallions reduced out of the
   battels of g. and squares of men: vpon the right side of euery
   leafe.</trailer>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Poor Men's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell role="data"/>
  <cell role="data">Dossing Cribs or Lodging Houses</cell>
  <cell role="data">Beds</cell>
  <cell role="data">Needys or Nightly Lodgers</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Bury St Edmund's</cell>
  <cell role="data">5</cell>
  <cell role="data">8</cell>
  <cell role="data">128</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Thetford</cell>
  <cell role="data">3</cell>
  <cell role="data">6</cell>
  <cell role="data">36</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Attleboro'</cell>
  <cell role="data">3</cell>
  <cell role="data">5</cell>
  <cell role="data">20</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">Wymondham</cell>
  <cell role="data">1</cell>
  <cell role="data">11</cell>
  <cell role="data">22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>Persistance de la neige dans les Alpes suisses (Denzler). </head>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">A l'altitude de</cell>
  <cell role="data">650 m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">1300m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">1950m.</cell>
  <cell role="data">2700m.</cell>
 </row>
 <row>
  <cell role="label">la neige reste</cell>
  <cell role="data">77 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 200 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 245 jours.</cell>
  <cell role="data"> 365 jours.</cell>
 </row>
</table>

<table>

<table rows="4" cols="4">
 <head>台北飯店提供住房數目(2008年雙十國慶 )</head>
 <row role="label">
  <cell role="data"/>
  <cell role="data">經濟客房</cell>
  <cell role="data">標準客房</cell>
  <cell role="data">高級客房</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">圓山大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">203</cell>
  <cell role="data">168</cell>
  <cell role="data">66</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">凱撒大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">216</cell>
  <cell role="data">140</cell>
  <cell role="data">32</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">喜來登大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">197</cell>
  <cell role="data">160</cell>
  <cell role="data">50</cell>
 </row>
 <row role="data">
  <cell role="label">君悅大飯店</cell>
  <cell role="data">177</cell>
  <cell role="data">130</cell>
  <cell role="data">22</cell>
 </row>
</table>

<row>

<row role="data">
 <cell role="label">Classics</cell>
 <cell>Idle listless and unimproving</cell>
</row>

<row>

<row role="data">
 <cell role="label">Etudes classiques</cell>
 <cell>Inoccupé indolent et sans amélioration</cell>
</row>

<row>

<row role="data">
 <cell role="label">古文</cell>
 <cell>漫無目的且無精進的</cell>
</row>

<cell>

<row>
 <cell role="label">General conduct</cell>
 <cell role="data">Not satisfactory, on account of his great unpunctuality
   and inattention to duties</cell>
</row>

<cell>

<row>
 <cell role="label">Comportement général</cell>
 <cell role="data">Non satisfaisant, à cause de son inexactitude et de son
   inconséquence</cell>
</row>

<cell>

<row>
 <cell role="label">工作評價</cell>
 <cell role="data">不滿意；因為工作拖延、粗心。</cell>
</row>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<formula>

<formula> (formula) contains a mathematical or other formula. [15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions]

Module
figures — Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.notated

@notation

Member of

model.graphicLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figure formula table

gaiji: char glyph

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage facsimile fw metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: binaryObject graphic hi media q

figures: formula

character data

Example

<formula notation="tex">$E=mc^2$</formula>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<formula notation="none">E=mc<hi rend="sup">2</hi>
</formula>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<formula notation="mathml">
 <m:math>
  <m:mi>E</m:mi>
  <m:mo>=</m:mo>
  <m:mi>m</m:mi>
  <m:msup>
   <m:mrow>
    <m:mi>c</m:mi>
   </m:mrow>
   <m:mrow>
    <m:mn>2</m:mn>
   </m:mrow>
  </m:msup>
 </m:math>
</formula>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.hiLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element formula
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   ( text | model.graphicLike | model.hiLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <formula> (formula)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <formula> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <formula> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

11. Manuscript Description

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

11. Manuscript Description

11.7.1.3. Collation

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-3:8, 4:6, 5-13:8</formula>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>There are now four gatherings, the first, second and fourth originally
   consisting of eight leaves, the third of seven. A fifth gathering thought to
   have followed has left no trace. <list>
   <item>Gathering I consists of 7 leaves, a first leaf, originally conjoint with
   <locus>fol. 7</locus>, having been cut away leaving only a narrow strip along
       the gutter; the others, <locus>fols 1</locus> and <locus>6</locus>,
   <locus>2</locus> and <locus>5</locus>, and <locus>3</locus> and
   <locus>4</locus>, are bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering II consists of 8 leaves, 4 bifolia.</item>
   <item>Gathering III consists of 7 leaves; <locus>fols 16</locus> and
   <locus>22</locus> are conjoint, the others singletons.</item>
   <item>Gathering IV consists of 2 leaves, a bifolium.</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>I (1, 2+9, 3+8, 4+7, 5+6, 10); II (11, 12+17, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18,
   19).</p>
</collation>
<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8
     9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
 </p>
</collation>

<collation>

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text) 7-8.8 9.10, 11.2
     (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
  <catchwords>Catchwords are written horizontally in center or towards the right lower
     margin in various manners: in red ink for quires 1-6 (which are also signed in red ink
     with letters of the alphabet and arabic numerals); quires 7-9 in ink of text within
     yellow decorated frames; quire 10 in red decorated frame; quire 12 in ink of text;
     quire 13 with red decorative slashes; quire 14 added in cursive hand.</catchwords>
 </p>
</collation>

<collation>

<collation>
 <p>
  <formula>1-5.8 6.6 (catchword, f. 46, does not match following text)
     7-8.8 9.10, 11.2 (through f. 82) 12-14.8 15.8(-7)</formula>
  <catchwords>Catchwords are written horizontally in center
     or towards the right lower margin in various manners:
     in red ink for quires 1-6 (which are also signed in red
     ink with letters of the alphabet and arabic numerals);
     quires 7-9 in ink of text within yellow decorated frames;
     quire 10 in red decorated frame; quire 12 in ink of text;
     quire 13 with red decorative slashes; quire 14 added in
     cursive hand.</catchwords>
 </p>
</collation>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions

<formula notation="TeX">$e=mc^2$</formula>

15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions

<formula notation="TeX">$\matrix{0 &amp;amp;
1\cr&amp;lt;0&amp;amp;>1}$</formula>

15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions

<p>Achilles runs ten times faster than the tortoise and gives the
animal a headstart of ten meters. Achilles runs those ten meters, the
tortoise one; Achilles runs that meter, the tortoise runs a decimeter;
Achilles runs that decimeter, the tortoise runs a centimeter; Achilles
runs that centimeter, the tortoise, a millimeter; Fleet-footed
Achilles, the millimeter, the tortoise, a tenth of a millimeter, and
so on to infinity, without the tortoise ever being overtaken. . . Such
is the customary version.
<!-- ... --> The problem does not change, as
you can see; but I would like to know the name of the poet who
provided it with a hero and a tortoise. To those magical competitors
and to the series <formula notation="TeX">$$ {1 \over 10} + {1 \over
   100} + {1 \over 1000} + {1 \over 10,\!000} + \dots $$</formula> the
argument owes its fame.</p>

15.2. Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions

<p>The volume of a sphere
is given by the formula: <formula xml:id="f12" n="12" rend="inline">
  <m:math>
   <m:mi>V</m:mi>
   <m:mo>=</m:mo>
   <m:mfrac>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>4</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>3</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
   </m:mfrac>
   <m:mi>π</m:mi>
   <m:msup>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mi>r</m:mi>
    </m:mrow>
    <m:mrow>
     <m:mn>3</m:mn>
    </m:mrow>
   </m:msup>
  </m:math>
 </formula> which is readily calculated.</p>
<p>As we have seen in equation <ptr target="#f12"/>, ... </p>

<formula>

<formula notation="tex">$E=mc^2$</formula>

<formula>

<formula notation="none">E=mc<hi rend="sup">2</hi>
</formula>

<formula>

<formula notation="mathml">
 <m:math>
  <m:mi>E</m:mi>
  <m:mo>=</m:mo>
  <m:mi>m</m:mi>
  <m:msup>
   <m:mrow>
    <m:mi>c</m:mi>
   </m:mrow>
   <m:mrow>
    <m:mn>2</m:mn>
   </m:mrow>
  </m:msup>
 </m:math>
</formula>

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C Elements

<notatedMusic>

<notatedMusic> encodes the presence of music notation in a text. [15.3. Notated Music in Written Text]

Module
figures — Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.placement

@place

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.global

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: binaryObject desc graphic label ptr ref

linking: seg

tagdocs: listRef

Note

It is possible to describe the content of the notation using elements from the model.labelLike class and it is possible to point to an external representation using elements from model.ptrLike. It is possible to specify the location of digital objects representing the notated music in other media such as images or audio-visual files. The encoder's interpretation of the correspondence between the notated music and these digital objects is not encoded explicitly. We recommend the use of graphic and binaryObject mainly as a fallback mechanism when the notated music format is not displayable by the application using the encoding. The alignment of encoded notated music, images carrying the notation, and audio files is a complex matter for which we refer the encoder to other formats and specifications such as MPEG-SMR.

It is also recommended, when useful, to embed XML-based music notation formats, such as the Music Encoding Initiative format as content of notatedMusic. This must be done by means of customization.

Example

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.labelLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
  <elementRef key="graphic"/>
  <elementRef key="binaryObject"/>
  <elementRef key="seg"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element notatedMusic
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( model.labelLike | model.ptrLike | graphic | binaryObject | seg )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <notatedMusic>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <notatedMusic> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <notatedMusic> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"
  mimeType="application/vnd.recordare.musicxml"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. Encoded in
   MusicXML.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.ly"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. Encoded in
   Lilypond.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.mscz"
  mimeType="application/x-musescore"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. MuseScore Notation
   Software format.</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<div n="67">
 <p> We now give some examples, from the works of the great masters, of
   some of the most frequently used bowings. </p>
 <figure n="Ex. 3">
  <head>SCHUBERT: Symphony in B minor.</head>
  <notatedMusic>
   <ptr target="example_schubert.xml"/>
  </notatedMusic>
 </figure>
</div>

<notatedMusic>

<notatedMusic>
 <ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
 <graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
 <desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>

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C Elements

<figure>

<figure> (figure) groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration, formula, or figure. [15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images]

Module
figures — Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.placement

@place

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.global

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

gaiji: char glyph

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb cit desc ellipsis gap gb graphic head index l label lb lg list listBibl media meeting milestone note noteGrp p pb q quote said sp stage

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: camera caption castList move sound spGrp tech view

figures: figDesc figure formula notatedMusic table

header: biblFull

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock incident kinesic pause shift u vocal writing

tagdocs: classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph floatingText postscript salute signed trailer

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Example

<figure>
 <head>The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.example.org/fig1.png"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.common"/>
  <elementRef key="figDesc"/>
  <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element figure
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.placement.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   (
      model.headLike
    | model.common
    | figDesc
    | model.graphicLike
    | model.global
    | model.divBottom
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <figure> (figure)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <figure> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <figure> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<figure>
 <head>The TEI Logo</head>
 <figDesc>Stylized yellow angle brackets with the letters <mentioned>TEI</mentioned> in
   between and <mentioned>text encoding initiative</mentioned> underneath, all on a white
   background.</figDesc>
 <graphic height="600px" width="600px"
  url="http://www.tei-c.org/logos/TEI-600.jpg"/>
</figure>

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<figure>
 <head>Le logo TEI</head>
 <graphic height="600px" width="600px"
  url="http://www.tei-c.org/logos/TEI-600.jpg"/>
</figure>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References

Similar forms, often called
<term rend="ldquo rdquo">rewriting systems</term>, have a long history
among mathematicians, but the specific form of <ptr target="#fig22"/>
was first studied extensively by Chomsky <ptr type="bibliog" target="#chom59"/>.

<!-- ... -->
<figure xml:id="fig22">
 <graphic url="fig22.jpg"/>
</figure>
<!-- elsewhere, in the bibliography -->
<bibl xml:id="chom59">
<!-- citation for the book referenced above -->
</bibl>

<media>

<figure>
 <media mimeType="image/png" url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
</figure>

<media>

<figure>
 <media type="graphic" mimeType="image/png"
  url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>維納斯</head>
 <figDesc> 波提且利 1484-1486年 畫布、蛋彩 佛羅倫斯，烏菲滋美術館</figDesc>
</figure>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
</figure>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure Une : Jan van Eyck, La Vierge du chancelier Rolin</head>
 <p>Si, attiré par la curiosité, on a l'imprudence de l'approcher d'un peu trop prés, c'est fini, on est pris pour tout le temps que peut durer l'effort d'une attention soutenue ; on s'extasie devant la finesse du détail ... il va toujours plus loin, franchit une à une les croupes des collines verdoyantes ; se repose un moment sur une ligne lointaine de montagnes neigeuses; pour se perdre ensuite dans l'infini d'un ciel à peine bleu, où s'estompent de flottantes nuées. </p>
</figure>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>維納斯</head>
 <figDesc> 波提且利 1484-1486年 畫布、蛋彩 佛羅倫斯，烏菲滋美術館</figDesc>
</figure>

4. Default Text Structure

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.3. Annotating Characters

<charDecl>
 <glyph xml:id="r1">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ONE FUNNY STROKE"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r1"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r1img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
 <glyph xml:id="r2">
  <localProp name="name"
   value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TWO FUNNY STROKES"/>
  <localProp name="entity" value="r2"/>
  <figure>
   <graphic url="r2img.png"/>
  </figure>
 </glyph>
</charDecl>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <g ref="#Filig">Fi</g>lthy riches...</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="Filig">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN UPPER F AND LATIN LOWER I LIGATURE"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="Filig.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

5.3. Annotating Characters

<p> ... <abbr>
  <g ref="#per">per</g>
 </abbr> ardua</p>
<!-- in the charDecl -->
<glyph xml:id="per">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN ABBREVIATION PER"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="per.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

<glyph>

<glyph xml:id="rstroke">
 <localProp name="Name"
  value="LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH A FUNNY STROKE"/>
 <localProp name="entity" value="rstroke"/>
 <figure>
  <graphic url="glyph-rstroke.png"/>
 </figure>
</glyph>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC <post>

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t005" who="#A06"
 xml:id="cmc_post09">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc xml:lang="en">screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm"
     with the average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and
     the opening hours.</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t003" who="#A02"
 xml:id="cmc_post18" xml:lang="de"> Da kostet ein Haarschnitt 50 €
<figure type="emoji"
  generatedBy="template">
  <desc type="label" xml:lang="en">face screaming in fear</desc>
  <desc type="unicode">U+1F631</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.3.3. Attributes for General CMC Encoding

<post modality="written" type="tweet"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t001"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043764753502486528" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:31 </time> Heute mit super Unterstützung, wir grunzen,
wenn die Zeit vorbei ist. <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref> PS: Die beiden brauchen noch Namen. Hinweise dazu am Empfang abgeben!
<ref type="twitter-account"
  target="https://twitter.com/AndreLo79">@AndreLo79</ref>
 <figure type="image">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnwygdSW4AAoTUn.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="unspecified" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:id="cmc_post_1043769240136880128">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043767827927388160"/>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u3"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t002" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043767827927388160">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 12:43 </time>
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dnw1TRNXgAAKqlK.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<post modality="spoken" generatedBy="human"
 synch="#cmc-haircut_t004" who="#cmc-haircut_A05"
 xml:id="cmc-haircut_m9"> In Düsseldorf gibt's da so Abstufungen. Da gibt's einmal Oliver
Schmidt, Oliver Schmidt's Hair Design, also dann, ist eher also, keine Ahnung, zum
Beispiel ich war da bei dem etwas Günstigeren dann. Ich weiß nicht, ob's das in Essen auch
gibt diese Abstufungen </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t004"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A02" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m10"> Ich schau mal :) </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t005"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A06" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m11"> Ich gehe immer nach Katernberg zu Pasha’s
haarem Hahaha also die sind echt entspannt und gut und nicht teuer </post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tcmc-haircut_005"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A06" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m12">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc xml:lang="en">screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm"
     with the average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and
     the opening hours. </desc>
 </figure>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#cmc-haircut_t006"
 who="#cmc-haircut_A03" xml:id="cmc-haircut_m13"> Olivers hair und Oliver Schmidt gehören
zusammen </post>

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#lscLB.t004" who="#lscLB.A03"
 xml:id="cmc_post22"> ... ich überlege noch <figure type="emoji"
  generatedBy="template">
  <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
  <desc type="gloss" xml:lang="en">see no evil monkey</desc>
  <desc type="unicode">U+1F648</desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.6.2. Posts with Graphics

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#t005" who="#A06"
 xml:id="cmc_post23">
 <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <desc>screenshot of the google search for hairdresser "Pasha's Haare'm" with the
     average google rating (4,5 of 5 stars), the address, the phone number, and the
     opening hours. </desc>
 </figure>
</post>

9.6.2. Posts with Graphics

<post type="tweet" modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t006"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043823300479258624" who="#u1" xml:lang="de">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 16:24 </time> Bro Tri-Engel...so hab ich mir das
vorgestellt!!! @AndreLo79 #bcrn18 #wikidach @Heiko komm' mal Twitter! #Engel <figure type="image" generatedBy="human">
  <graphic url="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnxnwN9XsAEHXw2.jpg:large"/>
 </figure>
</post>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.3. Notated Music in Written Text

<div n="67">
 <p> We now give some examples, from the works of the great masters, of
   some of the most frequently used bowings. </p>
 <figure n="Ex. 3">
  <head>SCHUBERT: Symphony in B minor.</head>
  <notatedMusic>
   <ptr target="example_schubert.xml"/>
  </notatedMusic>
 </figure>
</div>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.pdf"/>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.pdf"/>
 <head>The View from the Bridge</head>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="pullman.png"/>
 <head>Above:</head>
 <p>The drawing room of the Pullman house, the white and gold saloon
   where the magnate delighted in giving receptions for several hundred
   people.</p>
 <figDesc>The figure shows an elaborately decorated room, at least
   twenty-five feet side to side and fifty feet long, with ornate
   mouldings and Corinthian columns on the walls, overstuffed armchairs
   and loveseats arranged in several conversational groupings, and two
   large chandeliers.</figDesc>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.jpg"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in
   the foreground, and a series of buoys strung out between
   them.</figDesc>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure n="6.45">
 <figure n="a">
  <graphic url="./figs/6.45a.png"/>
  <ab type="caption">Parallel</ab>
 </figure>
 <figure n="b">
  <graphic url="./figs/6.45b.png"/>
  <ab type="caption">Perspective</ab>
 </figure>
 <ab type="caption">The two canonical view volumes, for the (a)
   parallel and (b) perspective projections. Note that -z is to the
   right.</ab>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<ref target="#IM1">Click
here <graphic url="fig1th.png"/> for enlightenment </ref>
<figure xml:id="IM1">
 <graphic url="fig1.jpg"/>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.example.org/fig1.png"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>La tour rouge, de Giorgio De Chirico</head>
 <figDesc>Le tableau représente un donjon au pied duquel s'étend un espace quasiment vide,
   hormis quelques détails</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.cineclubdecaen.com/cinepho/peint/dechericho/tourrouge.jpg"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>圖一: 橋上的視野</head>
 <figDesc>前景有四五隻風帆，中間一堆救生圈串連。</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.example.org/fig1.png"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figDesc>

<figure>
 <graphic url="emblem1.png"/>
 <head>Emblemi d'Amore</head>
 <figDesc>A pair of naked winged cupids, each holding a
   flaming torch, in a rural setting.</figDesc>
</figure>

<figDesc>

<figure>
 <graphic url="chap3fig2.png"/>
 <head>Dick Kennedy </head>
 <figDesc>Gravure de E. Riou représentant un jeune homme assis sur une chaise, les
   pieds sur une autre et tenant à la main une canne. En arrière plan, une théière, et
   l'inscription <q>Map of Africa</q> .</figDesc>
</figure>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

<figure rend="float fullpage">
 <graphic url="Images/compic.png"/>
 <figDesc>The figure shows the page from the <title>Orbis
     pictus</title> of Comenius which is discussed in the text.</figDesc>
</figure>

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C Elements

<figDesc>

<figDesc> (description of figure) contains a brief prose description of the appearance or content of a graphic figure, for use when documenting an image without displaying it. [15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images]

Module
figures — Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

figures: figure

May contain

core: abbr address bibl biblStruct choice cit date desc distinct email emph expan foreign gloss hi label list listBibl measure measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: table

header: biblFull idno

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef tag val

textcrit: listApp listWit

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: am ex subst

character data

Note

This element is intended for use as an alternative to the content of its parent figure element ; for example, to display when the image is required but the equipment in use cannot display graphic images. It may also be used for indexing or documentary purposes.

Example

<figure>
 <graphic url="emblem1.png"/>
 <head>Emblemi d'Amore</head>
 <figDesc>A pair of naked winged cupids, each holding a
   flaming torch, in a rural setting.</figDesc>
</figure>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.limitedContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element figDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.limitedContent
}

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C Elements

Example: <figDesc> (description of figure)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <figDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <figDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

4. Default Text Structure

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.4.2. Datatype Specifications

<figure>
 <head>The TEI Logo</head>
 <figDesc>Stylized yellow angle brackets with the letters <mentioned>TEI</mentioned> in
   between and <mentioned>text encoding initiative</mentioned> underneath, all on a white
   background.</figDesc>
 <graphic height="600px" width="600px"
  url="http://www.tei-c.org/logos/TEI-600.jpg"/>
</figure>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<media>

<figure>
 <media mimeType="image/png" url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
</figure>

<media>

<figure>
 <media type="graphic" mimeType="image/png"
  url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>維納斯</head>
 <figDesc> 波提且利 1484-1486年 畫布、蛋彩 佛羅倫斯，烏菲滋美術館</figDesc>
</figure>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
</figure>

<graphic>

<figure>
 <graphic url="fig1.png"/>
 <head>維納斯</head>
 <figDesc> 波提且利 1484-1486年 畫布、蛋彩 佛羅倫斯，烏菲滋美術館</figDesc>
</figure>

4. Default Text Structure

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">THOMAS OF Reading.</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>Now the fourth time corrected and enlarged</docEdition>
 <byline>By T.D.</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>TP</head>
  <p>Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste</p>
  <figDesc>Printers Ornament used by TP</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>Printed at <name type="place">London</name> for <name>T.P.</name>
  <date>1612.</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

<titlePage>

<titlePage>
 <docTitle>
  <titlePart type="main">紅樓夢</titlePart>
  <titlePart type="alt">又名石頭記</titlePart>
 </docTitle>
 <docEdition>清乾隆四十九年甲辰（1784年）夢覺主人序本正式題為《紅樓夢》，在此之前，此書一般都題為《石頭記》。</docEdition>
 <byline>曹雪芹</byline>
 <figure>
  <head>HL</head>
  <p>紅樓夢圖詠</p>
  <figDesc>清光緒刊本的《紅樓夢》插圖，改琦畫。</figDesc>
 </figure>
 <docImprint>最早的抄本出現於清朝乾隆中期的 <date>甲戌年（1754年）。</date>
 </docImprint>
</titlePage>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="pullman.png"/>
 <head>Above:</head>
 <p>The drawing room of the Pullman house, the white and gold saloon
   where the magnate delighted in giving receptions for several hundred
   people.</p>
 <figDesc>The figure shows an elaborately decorated room, at least
   twenty-five feet side to side and fifty feet long, with ornate
   mouldings and Corinthian columns on the walls, overstuffed armchairs
   and loveseats arranged in several conversational groupings, and two
   large chandeliers.</figDesc>
</figure>

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure>
 <graphic url="Fig1.jpg"/>
 <head>Figure One: The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in
   the foreground, and a series of buoys strung out between
   them.</figDesc>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>The View from the Bridge</head>
 <figDesc>A Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a
   series of buoys strung out between them.</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.example.org/fig1.png"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>La tour rouge, de Giorgio De Chirico</head>
 <figDesc>Le tableau représente un donjon au pied duquel s'étend un espace quasiment vide,
   hormis quelques détails</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.cineclubdecaen.com/cinepho/peint/dechericho/tourrouge.jpg"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figure>

<figure>
 <head>圖一: 橋上的視野</head>
 <figDesc>前景有四五隻風帆，中間一堆救生圈串連。</figDesc>
 <graphic url="http://www.example.org/fig1.png"
  scale="0.5"/>
</figure>

<figDesc>

<figure>
 <graphic url="emblem1.png"/>
 <head>Emblemi d'Amore</head>
 <figDesc>A pair of naked winged cupids, each holding a
   flaming torch, in a rural setting.</figDesc>
</figure>

<figDesc>

<figure>
 <graphic url="chap3fig2.png"/>
 <head>Dick Kennedy </head>
 <figDesc>Gravure de E. Riou représentant un jeune homme assis sur une chaise, les
   pieds sur une autre et tenant à la main une canne. En arrière plan, une théière, et
   l'inscription <q>Map of Africa</q> .</figDesc>
</figure>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.1. Pointing Elsewhere

<figure rend="float fullpage">
 <graphic url="Images/compic.png"/>
 <figDesc>The figure shows the page from the <title>Orbis
     pictus</title> of Comenius which is discussed in the text.</figDesc>
</figure>

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C Elements

<textDesc>

<textDesc> (text description) provides a description of a text in terms of its situational parameters. [16.2.1. The Text Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.catDescPart model.profileDescPart

Contained by

header: catDesc profileDesc

May contain

corpus: channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction preparedness purpose

Example

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde" value="tei:textDesc"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.textDescPart"
   expand="sequence"/>
  <elementRef key="purpose" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element textDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   (
      channel,
      constitution,
      derivation,
      domain,
      factuality,
      interaction,
      preparedness,
      purpose+
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <textDesc> (text description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <textDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <textDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="非正式的家常談天">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s">informal face-to-face conversation</channel>
 <constitution type="single">each text represents a continuously
   recorded interaction among the specified participants
 </constitution>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic">plans for coming week, local affairs</domain>
 <factuality type="mixed">mostly factual, some jokes</factuality>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="novel">
 <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="art"/>
 <factuality type="fiction"/>
 <interaction type="none"/>
 <preparedness type="prepared"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

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C Elements

<particDesc>

<particDesc> (participation description) describes the identifiable speakers, voices, or other participants in any kind of text or other persons named or otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata. [16.2. Contextual Information]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.profileDescPart

Contained by

header: profileDesc

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

namesdates: listOrg listPerson org person personGrp

Note

May contain a prose description organized as paragraphs, or a structured list of persons and person groups, with an optional formal specification of any relationships amongst them.

Example

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

This example shows both a very simple person description, and a very detailed one, using some of the more specialized elements from the module for Names and Dates.

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:particDesc"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.personLike"/>
   <elementRef key="listPerson"/>
   <elementRef key="listOrg"/>
  </alternate>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element particDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( model.personLike | listPerson | listOrg )+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <particDesc> (participation description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <particDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <particDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.4. Participants

<!-- In the <teiHeader>: --><profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" sex="male"
    xml:id="cmc_user_01">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>mike@mydomain.com</email>
     <country>CH</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
<!-- … more persons … -->
   <person role="user" sex="female"
    xml:id="cmc_user_06">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
    <affiliation>
     <email>pat@super.net</email>
     <country>ES</country>
    </affiliation>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="cmc_user_07">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
</profileDesc>
<!-- In the <body>: -->
<div type="wiki_discussion_page" n="073">
<!-- 4 other <post>s -->
 <post modality="written"
  xml:id="cmc_post04" indentLevel="1"
  replyTo="#cmc_post_073.004" who="#cmc_user_06">
  <p>Those haven't happened. If they do, we can revisit the concern.</p>
  <signed generatedBy="template"
   rend="noLineBreak">
   <ref target="/wiki/User:P">P</ref>
   <date>01:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)</date>
  </signed>
 </post>
</div>

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="P-1234" sex="2" age="mid">
   <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in
       Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
       Socio-Economic status B2.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Hancock</surname>
    <forename>Antony</forename>
    <forename>Aloysius</forename>
    <forename>St John</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>Railway Cuttings</street>
     <settlement>East Cheam</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>comedian</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#P-1234 #P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>informateur, sexe féminin, bonne éducation, née
       à Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, commerçante parle français couramment., Statut
       socio-économique (SSE) : commerçant.</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="fr_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>Delaunay</surname>
    <forename>Liliane</forename>
    <forename>Andrée</forename>
    <forename>Alberte</forename>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1959">
    <address>
     <street>rue de Falaise</street>
     <settlement>la Guérinière, Caen</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>serveuse</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#fr_P-1234 #fr_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

<particDesc>

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-1234" sex="2"
   age="mid">
   <p>女性，穿了一件黑紗金絲相間的緊身旗袍，一個大道士髻梳得烏光水滑的高聳在頭頂上；耳墜、項鍊、手串、髮針、金碧輝煌的掛滿了一身。</p>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="zh-tw_P-4332" sex="1">
   <persName>
    <surname>金</surname>
    <forename>兆麗</forename>
    <addName>金大班</addName>
   </persName>
   <residence notAfter="1970">
    <address>
     <street>西門町</street>
     <settlement>台北</settlement>
    </address>
   </residence>
   <occupation>舞女</occupation>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation type="personal" name="spouse"
    mutual="#zh-tw_P-1234 #zh-tw_P-4332"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<particDesc xml:id="p2">
 <p>Female informant, well-educated, born in Shropshire UK, 12 Jan
   1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently.
   Socio-Economic status B2 in the PEP classification scheme.</p>
</particDesc>

16.2.2. The Participant Description

<particDesc>
 <p>The chief speaking characters in this novel are
 <list>
   <item xml:id="EMWOO">
    <name>Emma Woodhouse</name>
   </item>
   <item xml:id="DARCY">
    <name>Mr Darcy</name>
   </item>
<!-- ... -->
  </list>
 </p>
</particDesc>

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C Elements

<settingDesc>

<settingDesc> (setting description) describes the setting or settings within which a language interaction takes place, or other places otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata. [16.2. Contextual Information 2.4. The Profile Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declarable

@default

Member of

model.profileDescPart

Contained by

header: profileDesc

May contain

core: p

corpus: setting

linking: ab

namesdates: listPlace place

Note

May contain a prose description organized as paragraphs, or a series of setting elements. If used to record not settings of language interactions, but other places mentioned in the text, then place optionally grouped by listPlace inside standOff should be preferred.

Example

<settingDesc>
 <p>Texts recorded in the
   Canadian Parliament building in Ottawa, between April and November 1988 </p>
</settingDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:pattern is-a="declarable">
<sch:param name="tde"
 value="tei:settingDesc"/>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="setting"/>
   <classRef key="model.placeLike"/>
   <elementRef key="listPlace"/>
  </alternate>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element settingDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declarable.attributes,
   ( model.pLike+ | ( setting | model.placeLike | listPlace )+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <settingDesc> (setting description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <settingDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <settingDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<settingDesc>

<settingDesc>
 <p>Texts recorded in the
   Canadian Parliament building in Ottawa, between April and November 1988 </p>
</settingDesc>

<settingDesc>

<settingDesc>
 <p>Pierre Mendès France,
   Entretiens avec Jean Lacouture (1980-1981 )</p>
</settingDesc>

<settingDesc>

<settingDesc>
 <p>文本錄於渥太華的加拿大國會大廈，介於1988年4月至11月間</p>
</settingDesc>

16.2.3. The Setting Description

<settingDesc>
 <p>The time is early spring, 1989. P1 and P2 are playing on the rug
   of a suburban home in Bedford. P3 is doing the washing up at the
   sink. P4 (a radio announcer) is in a broadcasting studio in
   London.</p>
</settingDesc>

16.2.3. The Setting Description

<settingDesc>
 <setting who="#p1 #p2">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>rug of a suburban home</locale>
  <activity>playing</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p3">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>at the sink</locale>
  <activity>washing-up</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p4">
  <name type="place">London, UK</name>
  <time>unknown</time>
  <locale>broadcasting studio</locale>
  <activity>radio performance</activity>
 </setting>
</settingDesc>

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C Elements

<channel>

<channel> (primary channel) describes the medium or channel by which a text is delivered or experienced. For a written text, this might be print, manuscript, email, etc.; for a spoken one, radio, telephone, face-to-face, etc. [16.2.1. The Text Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

mode mode⚓︎
specifies the mode of this channel with respect to speech and writing.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

s

(spoken)

w

(written)

sw

(spoken to be written) e.g. dictation

ws

(written to be spoken) e.g. a script

m

(mixed)

x

(unknown or inapplicable) [Default]

Member of

model.textDescPart

Contained by

corpus: textDesc

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<channel mode="s">face-to-face conversation</channel>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element channel
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute mode { "s" | "w" | "sw" | "ws" | "m" | "x" }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <channel> (primary channel)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <channel> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <channel> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="非正式的家常談天">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s">informal face-to-face conversation</channel>
 <constitution type="single">each text represents a continuously
   recorded interaction among the specified participants
 </constitution>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic">plans for coming week, local affairs</domain>
 <factuality type="mixed">mostly factual, some jokes</factuality>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="novel">
 <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="art"/>
 <factuality type="fiction"/>
 <interaction type="none"/>
 <preparedness type="prepared"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<channel>

<channel mode="s">face-to-face conversation</channel>

<channel>

<channel mode="s">Conversation face à face</channel>

<channel>

<channel mode="s">面對面交談</channel>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<constitution>

<constitution> (constitution) describes the internal composition of a text or text sample, for example as fragmentary, complete, etc. [16.2.1. The Text Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
specifies how the text was constituted.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

single

a single complete text [Default]

composite

a text made by combining several smaller items, each individually complete

frags

(fragments) a text made by combining several smaller, not necessarily complete, items

unknown

composition unknown or unspecified

Member of

model.textDescPart

Contained by

corpus: textDesc

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

The function of this element seems to overlap with both the org attribute on div and the samplingDecl in the encodingDesc.

Example

<constitution type="frags">Prologues only.</constitution>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element constitution
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { "single" | "composite" | "frags" | "unknown" }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <constitution> (constitution)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <constitution> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <constitution> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="非正式的家常談天">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s">informal face-to-face conversation</channel>
 <constitution type="single">each text represents a continuously
   recorded interaction among the specified participants
 </constitution>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic">plans for coming week, local affairs</domain>
 <factuality type="mixed">mostly factual, some jokes</factuality>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="novel">
 <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="art"/>
 <factuality type="fiction"/>
 <interaction type="none"/>
 <preparedness type="prepared"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<constitution>

<constitution type="frags">Prologues only.</constitution>

<constitution>

<constitution type="frags">Prologues seulement.</constitution>

<constitution>

<constitution type="frags">只有開場白</constitution>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<derivation>

<derivation> (derivation) describes the nature and extent of originality of this text. [16.2.1. The Text Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
categorizes the derivation of the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

original

text is original

revision

text is a revision of some other text

translation

text is a translation of some other text

abridgment

text is an abridged version of some other text

plagiarism

text is plagiarized from some other text

traditional

text has no obvious source but is one of a number derived from some common ancestor

Member of

model.textDescPart

Contained by

corpus: textDesc

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

For derivative texts, details of the ancestor may be included in the source description.

Example

<derivation type="original"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<derivation type="translation"
 source="#rosette"/>
<!-- ... -->
<!-- in the sourceDesc: -->
<bibl xml:id="rosette">
 <author>de Béranger, Pierre-Jean</author>. <date>1839</date>. "<title level="a">Rosette</title>". In <editor>H. Fournier</editor>, ed. <title level="m">Œuvres complètes de Béranger</title>. <biblScope unit="volume">Vol 2</biblScope> (p. <biblScope unit="page">29-30</biblScope>).
</bibl>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element derivation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <derivation> (derivation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <derivation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <derivation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="非正式的家常談天">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s">informal face-to-face conversation</channel>
 <constitution type="single">each text represents a continuously
   recorded interaction among the specified participants
 </constitution>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic">plans for coming week, local affairs</domain>
 <factuality type="mixed">mostly factual, some jokes</factuality>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="novel">
 <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="art"/>
 <factuality type="fiction"/>
 <interaction type="none"/>
 <preparedness type="prepared"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<derivation>

<derivation type="original"/>

<derivation>

<derivation type="translation"
 source="#rosette"/>
<!-- ... -->
<!-- in the sourceDesc: -->
<bibl xml:id="rosette">
 <author>de Béranger, Pierre-Jean</author>. <date>1839</date>. "<title level="a">Rosette</title>". In <editor>H. Fournier</editor>, ed. <title level="m">Œuvres complètes de Béranger</title>. <biblScope unit="volume">Vol 2</biblScope> (p. <biblScope unit="page">29-30</biblScope>).
</bibl>

<derivation>

<derivation type="original"/>

<derivation>

<derivation type="原始"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<domain>

<domain> (domain of use) describes the most important social context in which the text was realized or for which it is intended, for example private vs. public, education, religion, etc. [16.2.1. The Text Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
categorizes the domain of use.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

art

art and entertainment

domestic

domestic and private

religious

religious and ceremonial

business

business and work place

education

(education)

govt

(government) government and law

public

other forms of public context

Member of

model.textDescPart

Contained by

corpus: textDesc

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

Usually empty, unless some further clarification of the type attribute is needed, in which case it may contain running prose.

The list presented here is primarily for illustrative purposes.

Example

<domain type="domestic"/>
<domain type="rel">religious broadcast</domain>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element domain
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <domain> (domain of use)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <domain> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <domain> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="非正式的家常談天">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s">informal face-to-face conversation</channel>
 <constitution type="single">each text represents a continuously
   recorded interaction among the specified participants
 </constitution>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic">plans for coming week, local affairs</domain>
 <factuality type="mixed">mostly factual, some jokes</factuality>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="novel">
 <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="art"/>
 <factuality type="fiction"/>
 <interaction type="none"/>
 <preparedness type="prepared"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<domain>

<domain type="domestic"/>
<domain type="rel">religious broadcast</domain>

<domain>

<domain type="domestic"/>
<domain type="rel">Émission religieuse</domain>

<domain>

<domain type="domestic"/>
<domain type="rel">宗教廣播</domain>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<factuality>

<factuality> (factuality) describes the extent to which the text may be regarded as imaginative or non-imaginative, that is, as describing a fictional or a non-fictional world. [16.2.1. The Text Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
categorizes the factuality of the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

fiction

the text is to be regarded as entirely imaginative

fact

the text is to be regarded as entirely informative or factual

mixed

the text contains a mixture of fact and fiction

inapplicable

the fiction/fact distinction is not regarded as helpful or appropriate to this text

Member of

model.textDescPart

Contained by

corpus: textDesc

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

Usually empty, unless some further clarification of the type attribute is needed, in which case it may contain running prose

For many literary texts, a simple binary opposition between ‘fiction’ and ‘fact’ is naïve in the extreme; this parameter is not intended for purposes of subtle literary analysis, but as a simple means of characterizing the claimed fictiveness of a given text. No claim is made that works characterized as ‘fact’ are in any sense ‘true’.

Example

<factuality type="fiction"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<factuality type="mixed">contains a mixture of gossip and
speculation about real people and events</factuality>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element factuality
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { "fiction" | "fact" | "mixed" | "inapplicable" }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <factuality> (factuality)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <factuality> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <factuality> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="非正式的家常談天">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s">informal face-to-face conversation</channel>
 <constitution type="single">each text represents a continuously
   recorded interaction among the specified participants
 </constitution>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic">plans for coming week, local affairs</domain>
 <factuality type="mixed">mostly factual, some jokes</factuality>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="novel">
 <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="art"/>
 <factuality type="fiction"/>
 <interaction type="none"/>
 <preparedness type="prepared"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<factuality>

<factuality type="fiction"/>

<factuality>

<factuality type="fiction"/>

<factuality>

<factuality type="mixed">contient un ensemble de bavardages et de spéculations sur des
personnes et des événements réels.</factuality>

<factuality>

<factuality type="fiction"/>
<!-- 屬性值受文件模型限制，若要使用其他屬性值，必先修訂文件模型。 -->

<factuality>

<factuality type="mixed">結合文言文與白話文</factuality>

<factuality>

<factuality type="mixed">contains a mixture of gossip and
speculation about real people and events</factuality>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<interaction>

<interaction> (interaction) describes the extent, cardinality and nature of any interaction among those producing and experiencing the text, for example in the form of response or interjection, commentary, etc. [16.2.1. The Text Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
specifies the degree of interaction between active and passive participants in the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

none

no interaction of any kind, e.g. a monologue

partial

some degree of interaction, e.g. a monologue with set responses

complete

complete interaction, e.g. a face to face conversation

inapplicable

this parameter is inappropriate or inapplicable in this case

active active⚓︎
specifies the number of active participants (or addressors) producing parts of the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

singular

a single addressor

plural

many addressors

corporate

a corporate addressor

unknown

number of addressors unknown or unspecifiable

passive passive⚓︎
specifies the number of passive participants (or addressees) to whom a text is directed or in whose presence it is created or performed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

self

text is addressed to the originator e.g. a diary

single

text is addressed to one other person e.g. a personal letter

many

text is addressed to a countable number of others e.g. a conversation in which all participants are identified

group

text is addressed to an undefined but fixed number of participants e.g. a lecture

world

text is addressed to an undefined and indeterminately large number e.g. a published book

Member of

model.textDescPart

Contained by

corpus: textDesc

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<interaction type="complete"
 active="plural" passive="many"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<interaction type="none" active="singular"
 passive="group"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element interaction
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { "none" | "partial" | "complete" | "inapplicable" }?,
   attribute active
   {
      "singular" | "plural" | "corporate" | "unknown" | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   attribute passive
   {
      "self" | "single" | "many" | "group" | "world" | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <interaction> (interaction)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <interaction> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <interaction> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="非正式的家常談天">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s">informal face-to-face conversation</channel>
 <constitution type="single">each text represents a continuously
   recorded interaction among the specified participants
 </constitution>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic">plans for coming week, local affairs</domain>
 <factuality type="mixed">mostly factual, some jokes</factuality>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="novel">
 <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="art"/>
 <factuality type="fiction"/>
 <interaction type="none"/>
 <preparedness type="prepared"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<interaction>

<interaction type="complete"
 active="plural" passive="many"/>

<interaction>

<interaction type="complete"
 active="plural" passive="many"/>

<interaction>

<interaction type="none" active="singular"
 passive="group"/>

<interaction>

<interaction type="none" active="singular"
 passive="group"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<preparedness>

<preparedness> (preparedness) describes the extent to which a text may be regarded as prepared or spontaneous. [16.2.1. The Text Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
a keyword characterizing the type of preparedness.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

none

spontaneous or unprepared

scripted

follows a script

formulaic

follows a predefined set of conventions

revised

polished or revised before presentation

Member of

model.textDescPart

Contained by

corpus: textDesc

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<preparedness type="none"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element preparedness
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <preparedness> (preparedness)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <preparedness> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <preparedness> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="非正式的家常談天">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s">informal face-to-face conversation</channel>
 <constitution type="single">each text represents a continuously
   recorded interaction among the specified participants
 </constitution>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic">plans for coming week, local affairs</domain>
 <factuality type="mixed">mostly factual, some jokes</factuality>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="novel">
 <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="art"/>
 <factuality type="fiction"/>
 <interaction type="none"/>
 <preparedness type="prepared"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<preparedness>

<preparedness type="none"/>

<preparedness>

<preparedness type="none"/>

<preparedness>

<preparedness type="無"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<purpose>

<purpose> characterizes a single purpose or communicative function of the text. [16.2.1. The Text Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
specifies a particular kind of purpose.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

persuade

didactic, advertising, propaganda, etc.

express

self expression, confessional, etc.

inform

convey information, educate, etc.

entertain

amuse, entertain, etc.

degree degree⚓︎
specifies the extent to which this purpose predominates.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.certainty

Note

Values should be interpreted as follows.

high

this purpose is predominant

medium

this purpose is intermediate

low

this purpose is weak

unknown

extent unknown

Contained by

corpus: textDesc

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

Usually empty, unless some further clarification of the type attribute is needed, in which case it may contain running prose

Example

<purpose type="persuade" degree="high"/>
<purpose type="entertain" degree="low"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element purpose
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      "persuade" | "express" | "inform" | "entertain" | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   attribute degree { teidata.certainty }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <purpose>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <purpose> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <purpose> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<catDesc>

<catDesc>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
</catDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<textDesc>

<textDesc n="非正式的家常談天">
 <channel mode="s"/>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic"/>
 <factuality type="mixed"/>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="Informal domestic conversation">
 <channel mode="s">informal face-to-face conversation</channel>
 <constitution type="single">each text represents a continuously
   recorded interaction among the specified participants
 </constitution>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="domestic">plans for coming week, local affairs</domain>
 <factuality type="mixed">mostly factual, some jokes</factuality>
 <interaction type="complete"
  active="plural" passive="many"/>
 <preparedness type="spontaneous"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

16.2.1. The Text Description

<textDesc n="novel">
 <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
 <constitution type="single"/>
 <derivation type="original"/>
 <domain type="art"/>
 <factuality type="fiction"/>
 <interaction type="none"/>
 <preparedness type="prepared"/>
 <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
 <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
</textDesc>

<purpose>

<purpose type="persuade" degree="high"/>
<purpose type="entertain" degree="low"/>

<purpose>

<purpose type="persuade" degree="high"/>
<purpose type="entertain" degree="low"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<setting>

<setting> describes one particular setting in which a language interaction takes place. [16.2.3. The Setting Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.ascribed

@who

Contained by

corpus: settingDesc

May contain

core: date name p time

corpus: activity locale

linking: ab

namesdates: orgName persName placeName

Note

If the who attribute is not supplied, the setting is assumed to be that of all participants in the language interaction.

Example

<setting>
 <placeName>New York City, US</placeName>
 <date>1989</date>
 <locale>on a park bench</locale>
 <activity>feeding birds</activity>
</setting>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.nameLike.agent"/>
   <classRef key="model.dateLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.settingPart"/>
  </alternate>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element setting
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.ascribed.attributes,
   (
      model.pLike+
    | ( model.nameLike.agent | model.dateLike | model.settingPart )*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <setting>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <setting> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <setting> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

16. Language Corpora

2. The TEI Header

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">French</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">print; part issues</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Late 19th century</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">français</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="roman">
  <channel mode="w">copie; extraits </channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepare"/>
  <purpose type="distraction" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="information"
   degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>Paris, France</name>
   <time>Fin 19e</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

<profileDesc>

<profileDesc>
 <langUsage>
  <language ident="fr">法文</language>
 </langUsage>
 <textDesc n="novel">
  <channel mode="w">出版品；專題輯</channel>
  <constitution type="single"/>
  <derivation type="original"/>
  <domain type="art"/>
  <factuality type="fiction"/>
  <interaction type="none"/>
  <preparedness type="prepared"/>
  <purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
  <purpose type="inform" degree="medium"/>
 </textDesc>
 <settingDesc>
  <setting>
   <name>法國巴黎</name>
   <time>19世紀晚期</time>
  </setting>
 </settingDesc>
</profileDesc>

16. Language Corpora

16.2.3. The Setting Description

<settingDesc>
 <setting who="#p1 #p2">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>rug of a suburban home</locale>
  <activity>playing</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p3">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>at the sink</locale>
  <activity>washing-up</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p4">
  <name type="place">London, UK</name>
  <time>unknown</time>
  <locale>broadcasting studio</locale>
  <activity>radio performance</activity>
 </setting>
</settingDesc>

<setting>

<setting>
 <placeName>New York City, US</placeName>
 <date>1989</date>
 <locale>on a park bench</locale>
 <activity>feeding birds</activity>
</setting>

<setting>

<setting>
 <name> Clermont-Ferrand</name>
 <date>Mi-décembre</date>
 <locale>Ceyrat</locale>
 <activity>mise en marche de la voiture</activity>
</setting>

<setting>

<setting>
 <name>台灣，台北</name>
 <date>1970</date>
 <locale>-新公園的長凳上</locale>
 <activity>躺臥</activity>
</setting>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<locale>

<locale> contains a brief informal description of the kind of place concerned, for example: a room, a restaurant, a park bench, etc. [16.2.3. The Setting Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.settingPart

Contained by

corpus: setting

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<locale>a fashionable restaurant</locale>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element locale
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <locale>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <locale> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <locale> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

16. Language Corpora

16. Language Corpora

16.2.3. The Setting Description

<settingDesc>
 <setting who="#p1 #p2">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>rug of a suburban home</locale>
  <activity>playing</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p3">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>at the sink</locale>
  <activity>washing-up</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p4">
  <name type="place">London, UK</name>
  <time>unknown</time>
  <locale>broadcasting studio</locale>
  <activity>radio performance</activity>
 </setting>
</settingDesc>

<setting>

<setting>
 <placeName>New York City, US</placeName>
 <date>1989</date>
 <locale>on a park bench</locale>
 <activity>feeding birds</activity>
</setting>

<setting>

<setting>
 <name> Clermont-Ferrand</name>
 <date>Mi-décembre</date>
 <locale>Ceyrat</locale>
 <activity>mise en marche de la voiture</activity>
</setting>

<setting>

<setting>
 <name>台灣，台北</name>
 <date>1970</date>
 <locale>-新公園的長凳上</locale>
 <activity>躺臥</activity>
</setting>

<locale>

<locale>a fashionable restaurant</locale>

<locale>

<locale>Un restaurant à la mode</locale>

<locale>

<locale>一家時尚的餐館</locale>

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<activity>

<activity> (activity) contains a brief informal description of what a participant in a language interaction is doing other than speaking, if anything. [16.2.3. The Setting Description]

Module
corpus — Language Corpora

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.settingPart

Contained by

corpus: setting

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Note

For more fine-grained description of participant activities during a spoken text, the event element should be used.

Example

<activity>driving</activity>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element activity
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <activity> (activity)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <activity> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <activity> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

16. Language Corpora

16. Language Corpora

16.2.3. The Setting Description

<settingDesc>
 <setting who="#p1 #p2">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>rug of a suburban home</locale>
  <activity>playing</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p3">
  <name type="city">Bedford</name>
  <name type="region">UK: South East</name>
  <date>early spring, 1989</date>
  <locale>at the sink</locale>
  <activity>washing-up</activity>
 </setting>
 <setting who="#p4">
  <name type="place">London, UK</name>
  <time>unknown</time>
  <locale>broadcasting studio</locale>
  <activity>radio performance</activity>
 </setting>
</settingDesc>

<setting>

<setting>
 <placeName>New York City, US</placeName>
 <date>1989</date>
 <locale>on a park bench</locale>
 <activity>feeding birds</activity>
</setting>

<setting>

<setting>
 <name> Clermont-Ferrand</name>
 <date>Mi-décembre</date>
 <locale>Ceyrat</locale>
 <activity>mise en marche de la voiture</activity>
</setting>

<setting>

<setting>
 <name>台灣，台北</name>
 <date>1970</date>
 <locale>-新公園的長凳上</locale>
 <activity>躺臥</activity>
</setting>

<activity>

<activity>driving</activity>

<activity>

<activity>Conduite</activity>

<activity>

<activity>駕駛</activity>

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<link>

<link> (link) defines an association or hypertextual link among elements or passages, of some type not more precisely specifiable by other elements. [17.1. Links]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab linkGrp seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality object objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

This element should only be used to encode associations not otherwise provided for by more specific elements.

The location of this element within a document has no significance, unless it is included within a linkGrp, in which case it may inherit the value of the type attribute from the value given on the linkGrp.

Example

<s n="1">The state Supreme Court has refused to release <rs xml:id="R1">
  <rs xml:id="R2">Rahway State Prison</rs> inmate</rs>
 <rs xml:id="R3">James Scott</rs> on bail.</s>
<s n="2">
 <rs xml:id="R4">The fighter</rs> is serving 30-40 years
for a 1975 armed robbery conviction in <rs xml:id="R5">the penitentiary</rs>.
</s>
<!-- ... -->
<linkGrp type="periphrasis">
 <link target="#R1 #R3 #R4"/>
 <link target="#R2 #R5"/>
</linkGrp>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:link">
<sch:assert test="contains(normalize-space(@target),' ')">You must supply at least two values for @target or on <sch:name/>
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element link
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <link> (link)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <link> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <link> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

6. Verse

8. Transcriptions of Speech

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

19. Feature Structures

6. Verse

6.5. Rhyme

<linkGrp type="rhyme">
 <link target="#V-A1 #V-A2 #V-A3"/>
 <link target="#V-B1 #V-B2 #V-B3"/>
 <link target="#V-C1 #V-C2"/>
</linkGrp>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-p1" absolute="12:20:01"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p2" interval="4.5"
  since="#TS-p1"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p6"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p3" interval="1.5"
  since="#TS-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="TS-u1">
 <anchor xml:id="TS-u1start"/>
This is my <anchor xml:id="TS-x1"/> turn
<anchor xml:id="TS-u1end"/>
</u>
<linkGrp type="synchronous">
 <link target="#TS-u1start #TS-p1"/>
 <link target="#TS-u1end #TS-p2"/>
 <link target="#TS-x1 #TS-p6"/>
</linkGrp>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<body>
 <timeline origin="#T001">
  <when xml:id="T001"/>
  <when xml:id="T002"/>
 </timeline>
 <u who="#tom">I used to smoke
 <anchor xml:id="NM01"/>a lot more than this
 <anchor xml:id="NM02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
 <u xml:id="bob-U2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>
 <linkGrp type="synchronize">
  <link target="#T001 #NM01 #bob-U2"/>
  <link target="#T002 #NM02 #bob-U2"/>
 </linkGrp>
</body>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<linkGrp type="callout">
 <link target="#CHAP1 #PD1"/>
 <link target="#CHAP2 #PD2"/>
</linkGrp>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.1.1. Pointers and Links

<link target="#sa-p1 #sa-p2"/>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note xml:id="n3.284" type="imitation"
 place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
 <bibl>Virg. Æn. 10.</bibl>
 <quote>
  <l>Tros Rutulusve fuat; nullo discrimine habebo.</l>
  <l>—— Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. </l>
 </quote>
</note>
<link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<note type="imitation" place="bottom">
 <ref rend="sc" xml:id="r3.284"
  target="#L3.284">Verse 283–84.
 <quote>
   <l>——. With equal grace</l>
   <l>Our Goddess smiles on Whig and Tory race.</l>
  </quote>
 </ref>
<!-- ... -->
</note>
<!-- ... -->
<link target="#r3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.2. Using Pointers and Links

<link target="#n3.284 #r3.284 #L3.284"/>

17.1.3. Groups of Links

<linkGrp type="imitation">
 <link target="#n2.79 #L2.79"/>
 <link target="#n2.88 #L2.88"/>
 <link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>
</linkGrp>

17.1.3. Groups of Links

<!-- ... --><linkGrp type="imitation"
 domains="#dunciad #dunnotes">
 <link target="#n2.79 #L2.79"/>
 <link target="#n2.88 #L2.88"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

17.1.3. Groups of Links

<linkGrp type="imitation"
 domains="#dunciad #dunnotes" targFunc="source goal">
 <link target="#n2.79 #L2.79"/>
 <link target="#n2.88 #L2.88"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

<link>

<s n="1">The state Supreme Court has refused to release <rs xml:id="R1">
  <rs xml:id="R2">Rahway State Prison</rs> inmate</rs>
 <rs xml:id="R3">James Scott</rs> on bail.</s>
<s n="2">
 <rs xml:id="R4">The fighter</rs> is serving 30-40 years
for a 1975 armed robbery conviction in <rs xml:id="R5">the penitentiary</rs>.
</s>
<!-- ... -->
<linkGrp type="periphrasis">
 <link target="#R1 #R3 #R4"/>
 <link target="#R2 #R5"/>
</linkGrp>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#CCS1 #SW1"/>
 <link target="#CCS2 #SW2"/>
 <link target="#CCS #SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="SW" xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#fr_CCS1 #fr_SW1"/>
 <link target="#fr_CCS2 #fr_SW2"/>
 <link target="#fr_CCS #fr_SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="fr_CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="fr_CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="fr_CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que
     je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="fr_SW"
 xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="fr_SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="fr_SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly
     that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
</div>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS1 #zh-tw_SW1"/>
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS2 #zh-tw_SW2"/>
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS #zh-tw_SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="zh-tw_CCS">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_CCS1">床前明月光，疑似地上霜；</s>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_CCS2">舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉。</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="zh-tw_SW">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_SW1">月光照的床前一片潔白，看起來像是地上結滿的白霜；</s>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_SW2">抬起頭來，望著明月，低下頭來，思念起故鄉。</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.1.4. Intermediate Pointers

<link evaluate="all"
 target="#n3.284 #r3.284 #L3.283-284"/>

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<back>
 <linkGrp xml:id="lg1"
  domains="#BNC-d1 #BNC-d1" targFunc="speaker.a speaker.b"
  type="synchronous_alignment">
  <link xml:id="L1" target="#t1a #t1b"/>
  <link xml:id="L2" target="#t2a #t2b"/>
  <link xml:id="L3" target="#t3a #t3b"/>
  <link xml:id="l4" target="#t4a #t4b"/>
  <link xml:id="l5" target="#t5a #t5b"/>
  <link xml:id="l6" target="#t6a #t6b"/>
 </linkGrp>
</back>

17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time

<linkGrp type="temporal_specification"
 domains="#lg1 #tL1" targFunc="synch.points when">
 <link target="#L1 #w1"/>
 <link target="#L2 #w2"/>
 <link target="#L3 #w3"/>
 <link target="#l4 #w4"/>
 <link target="#l5 #w5"/>
 <link target="#l6 #w6"/>
</linkGrp>

17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time

<linkGrp type="temporal_specification"
 domains="#BNC-d1 #BNC-d1 #tL1" targFunc="speaker.a speaker.b when">
 <link target="#t1a #t1b #w1"/>
 <link target="#t2a #t2b #w2"/>
 <link target="#t3a #t3b #w3"/>
 <link target="#t4a #t4b #w4"/>
 <link target="#t5a #t5b #w5"/>
 <link target="#t6a #t6b #w6"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.1. Correspondence

<title xml:id="shirley">Shirley</title>, which made
its Friday night debut only a month ago, was not
listed on <name xml:id="nbc">NBC</name>'s new schedule,
although <seg xml:id="network">the network</seg> says
<seg xml:id="show">the show</seg> still is being considered.

<linkGrp type="anaphoric_link"
 targFunc="antecedent anaphor">
 <link target="#shirley #show"/>
 <link target="#nbc #network"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.1. Correspondence

English language. Except for not very<anchor xml:id="en1"/>
<!-- ... -->
English at all at the time
<anchor xml:id="en2"/>
<!-- ... -->
English was still full of flaws
<anchor xml:id="en3"/>
<!-- ... -->
English. This was revised by young
<anchor xml:id="en4"/>
<!-- ... -->
<linkGrp type="five-word_collocates">
 <link type="collocates_of_ENGLISH"
  target="#en1 #en2 #en3 #en4"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:id="div-e" xml:lang="en"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e_1">According to our survey, 1988 sales of mineral
     water and soft drinks were much higher than in 1987,
     reflecting the growing popularity of these products. Cola
     drink manufacturers in particular achieved above-average
     growth rates.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_2">The higher turnover was largely due to an
     increase in the sales volume.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_3">Employment and investment levels also climbed.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_4">Following a two-year transitional period, the new
     Foodstuffs Ordinance for Mineral Water came into effect on
     April 1, 1988. Specifically, it contains more stringent
     requirements regarding quality consistency and purity
     guarantees.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="div-f" xml:lang="fr"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="f_1">Quant aux eaux minérales et aux limonades,
     elles rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes. En effet, notre
     sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement
     supérieures à celles de 1987, pour les
     boissons à base de cola notamment.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_2">La progression des chiffres d'affaires
     résulte en grande partie de l'accroissement du volume
     des ventes.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_3">L'emploi et les investissements ont
     également augmenté.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_4">La nouvelle ordonnance fédérale sur
     les denrées alimentaires concernant entre autres les
     eaux minérales, entrée en vigueur le 1er avril
     1988 après une période transitoire de deux
     ans, exige surtout une plus grande constance dans la
     qualité et une garantie de la pureté.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<linkGrp type="alignment"
 domains="#div-e #div-f">
 <link target="#e_1 #f_1"/>
 <link target="#e_2 #f_2"/>
 <link target="#e_3 #f_3"/>
 <link target="#e_4 #f_4"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<linkGrp type="alignment">
 <link target="#xe9801 #xl9801 #xp981"/>
 <link target="#xe9802 #xl9802"/>
 <link target="#xe9803 #xl9803 #xp982"/>
 <link target="#xe9804 #xl9804"/>
 <link target="#xe9805 #xl9805"/>
 <link target="#xe9806 #xl9806"/>
 <link target="#xe9807 #xl9807"/>
 <link target="#xe9808 #xl9808 #xp983"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<linkGrp type="alignment">
 <link target="#xpath(//div[@xml:id='L98']/ab[1]) #xpath(//div[@xml:id='E98']/ab[1])"/>
 <link target="#xpath(//div[@xml:id='L98']/ab[2]) #xpath(//div[@xml:id='E98']/ab[2])"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<link target="#string-range(e9806,16,7) #string-range(l9806,0,7)"/>

17.7. Aggregation

<link type="join" target="#qs3 #qs4"/>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u xml:id="we.had.fun">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
 <u xml:id="we.had.sun">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
 <link type="exclusiveAlternation"
  target="#we.had.fun #we.had.sun"/>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<link target="#a #b"
 type="exclusive_alternation"/>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<linkGrp targFunc="interpretation text">
 <link target="#INTRO #SS1-SS3"/>
 <link target="#CONFLICT #SS4A"/>
 <link target="#CLIMAX #SS4B"/>
 <link target="#REVENGE #SS5-SS17"/>
 <link target="#RECONCIL #NIL1"/>
 <link target="#AFTERM #PP2-PP4"/>
</linkGrp>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<linkGrp type="POS-annotation">
 <link target="#word-1 #AT0"/>
 <link target="#word-2 #NN1"/>
 <link target="#word-3 #POS"/>
 <link target="#word-4 #NN2"/>
 <link target="#word-5 #VVD"/>
 <link target="#word-6 #NN2"/>
<!--... -->
</linkGrp>

19. Feature Structures

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s>
 <w xml:id="S1W1">
  <c xml:id="S1W1C1">C</c>ae<c xml:id="S1W1C2">s</c>ar</w>
 <w xml:id="S1W2">
  <c xml:id="S1W2C1">s</c>ei<c xml:id="S1W2C2">z</c>e<c xml:id="S1W2C3">d</c>
 </w>
 <w xml:id="S1W3">con<c xml:id="S1W3C1">t</c>rol</w>.

</s>
<fvLib xml:id="FSL1"
 n="phonological segment definitions">
<!-- as in previous example -->
</fvLib>
<linkGrp type="phonology">
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W3C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C3"/>
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W2C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C2"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<linkGrp type="POS-codes">
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#mds0901 #at0"/>
 <link target="#mds0902 #ajs"/>
 <link target="#mds0903 #pnp"/>
 <link target="#mds0904 #vvd"/>
 <link target="#mds0905 #prp"/>
 <link target="#mds0906 #nn1"/>
 <link target="#mds0907 #vbd"/>
 <link target="#mds0908 #to0"/>
 <link target="#mds0909 #vvi"/>
 <link target="#mds0910 #crd"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp> (link group) defines a collection of associations or hypertextual links. [17.1. Links]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.pointing.group

@domains

@targFunc

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality object objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: desc ptr

linking: link

Note

May contain one or more link or ptr elements.

A web or link group is an administrative convenience, which should be used to collect a set of links together for any purpose, not simply to supply a default value for the type attribute.

Example

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#CCS1 #SW1"/>
 <link target="#CCS2 #SW2"/>
 <link target="#CCS #SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="SW" xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.descLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="link"/>
   <elementRef key="ptr"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element linkGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.pointing.group.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( model.descLike*, ( link | ptr )+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <linkGrp> (link group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <linkGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <linkGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

6. Verse

8. Transcriptions of Speech

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.pointing

<linkGrp xml:id="pol-swh_aln_2.1-linkGrp">
 <ptr xml:id="pol-swh_aln_2.1.1-ptr"
  target="pol/UDHR/text.xml#pol_txt_1-head" type="tuv" targetLang="pl"/>
 <ptr xml:id="pol-swh_aln_2.1.2-ptr"
  target="swh/UDHR/text.xml#swh_txt_1-head" type="tuv" targetLang="sw"/>
</linkGrp>

6. Verse

6.5. Rhyme

<linkGrp type="rhyme">
 <link target="#V-A1 #V-A2 #V-A3"/>
 <link target="#V-B1 #V-B2 #V-B3"/>
 <link target="#V-C1 #V-C2"/>
</linkGrp>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-p1" absolute="12:20:01"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p2" interval="4.5"
  since="#TS-p1"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p6"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p3" interval="1.5"
  since="#TS-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="TS-u1">
 <anchor xml:id="TS-u1start"/>
This is my <anchor xml:id="TS-x1"/> turn
<anchor xml:id="TS-u1end"/>
</u>
<linkGrp type="synchronous">
 <link target="#TS-u1start #TS-p1"/>
 <link target="#TS-u1end #TS-p2"/>
 <link target="#TS-x1 #TS-p6"/>
</linkGrp>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<body>
 <timeline origin="#T001">
  <when xml:id="T001"/>
  <when xml:id="T002"/>
 </timeline>
 <u who="#tom">I used to smoke
 <anchor xml:id="NM01"/>a lot more than this
 <anchor xml:id="NM02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
 <u xml:id="bob-U2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>
 <linkGrp type="synchronize">
  <link target="#T001 #NM01 #bob-U2"/>
  <link target="#T002 #NM02 #bob-U2"/>
 </linkGrp>
</body>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<linkGrp type="callout">
 <link target="#CHAP1 #PD1"/>
 <link target="#CHAP2 #PD2"/>
</linkGrp>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.1.3. Groups of Links

<linkGrp type="imitation">
 <link target="#n2.79 #L2.79"/>
 <link target="#n2.88 #L2.88"/>
 <link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>
</linkGrp>

17.1.3. Groups of Links

<!-- ... --><linkGrp type="imitation"
 domains="#dunciad #dunnotes">
 <link target="#n2.79 #L2.79"/>
 <link target="#n2.88 #L2.88"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

17.1.3. Groups of Links

<linkGrp type="imitation"
 domains="#dunciad #dunnotes" targFunc="source goal">
 <link target="#n2.79 #L2.79"/>
 <link target="#n2.88 #L2.88"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#n3.284 #L3.284"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

<link>

<s n="1">The state Supreme Court has refused to release <rs xml:id="R1">
  <rs xml:id="R2">Rahway State Prison</rs> inmate</rs>
 <rs xml:id="R3">James Scott</rs> on bail.</s>
<s n="2">
 <rs xml:id="R4">The fighter</rs> is serving 30-40 years
for a 1975 armed robbery conviction in <rs xml:id="R5">the penitentiary</rs>.
</s>
<!-- ... -->
<linkGrp type="periphrasis">
 <link target="#R1 #R3 #R4"/>
 <link target="#R2 #R5"/>
</linkGrp>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#CCS1 #SW1"/>
 <link target="#CCS2 #SW2"/>
 <link target="#CCS #SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="SW" xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#fr_CCS1 #fr_SW1"/>
 <link target="#fr_CCS2 #fr_SW2"/>
 <link target="#fr_CCS #fr_SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="fr_CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="fr_CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="fr_CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que
     je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="fr_SW"
 xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="fr_SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="fr_SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly
     that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
</div>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS1 #zh-tw_SW1"/>
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS2 #zh-tw_SW2"/>
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS #zh-tw_SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="zh-tw_CCS">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_CCS1">床前明月光，疑似地上霜；</s>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_CCS2">舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉。</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="zh-tw_SW">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_SW1">月光照的床前一片潔白，看起來像是地上結滿的白霜；</s>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_SW2">抬起頭來，望著明月，低下頭來，思念起故鄉。</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<back>
 <linkGrp xml:id="lg1"
  domains="#BNC-d1 #BNC-d1" targFunc="speaker.a speaker.b"
  type="synchronous_alignment">
  <link xml:id="L1" target="#t1a #t1b"/>
  <link xml:id="L2" target="#t2a #t2b"/>
  <link xml:id="L3" target="#t3a #t3b"/>
  <link xml:id="l4" target="#t4a #t4b"/>
  <link xml:id="l5" target="#t5a #t5b"/>
  <link xml:id="l6" target="#t6a #t6b"/>
 </linkGrp>
</back>

17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time

<linkGrp type="temporal_specification"
 domains="#lg1 #tL1" targFunc="synch.points when">
 <link target="#L1 #w1"/>
 <link target="#L2 #w2"/>
 <link target="#L3 #w3"/>
 <link target="#l4 #w4"/>
 <link target="#l5 #w5"/>
 <link target="#l6 #w6"/>
</linkGrp>

17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time

<linkGrp type="temporal_specification"
 domains="#BNC-d1 #BNC-d1 #tL1" targFunc="speaker.a speaker.b when">
 <link target="#t1a #t1b #w1"/>
 <link target="#t2a #t2b #w2"/>
 <link target="#t3a #t3b #w3"/>
 <link target="#t4a #t4b #w4"/>
 <link target="#t5a #t5b #w5"/>
 <link target="#t6a #t6b #w6"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.1. Correspondence

<title xml:id="shirley">Shirley</title>, which made
its Friday night debut only a month ago, was not
listed on <name xml:id="nbc">NBC</name>'s new schedule,
although <seg xml:id="network">the network</seg> says
<seg xml:id="show">the show</seg> still is being considered.

<linkGrp type="anaphoric_link"
 targFunc="antecedent anaphor">
 <link target="#shirley #show"/>
 <link target="#nbc #network"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.1. Correspondence

English language. Except for not very<anchor xml:id="en1"/>
<!-- ... -->
English at all at the time
<anchor xml:id="en2"/>
<!-- ... -->
English was still full of flaws
<anchor xml:id="en3"/>
<!-- ... -->
English. This was revised by young
<anchor xml:id="en4"/>
<!-- ... -->
<linkGrp type="five-word_collocates">
 <link type="collocates_of_ENGLISH"
  target="#en1 #en2 #en3 #en4"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:id="div-e" xml:lang="en"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e_1">According to our survey, 1988 sales of mineral
     water and soft drinks were much higher than in 1987,
     reflecting the growing popularity of these products. Cola
     drink manufacturers in particular achieved above-average
     growth rates.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_2">The higher turnover was largely due to an
     increase in the sales volume.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_3">Employment and investment levels also climbed.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_4">Following a two-year transitional period, the new
     Foodstuffs Ordinance for Mineral Water came into effect on
     April 1, 1988. Specifically, it contains more stringent
     requirements regarding quality consistency and purity
     guarantees.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="div-f" xml:lang="fr"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="f_1">Quant aux eaux minérales et aux limonades,
     elles rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes. En effet, notre
     sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement
     supérieures à celles de 1987, pour les
     boissons à base de cola notamment.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_2">La progression des chiffres d'affaires
     résulte en grande partie de l'accroissement du volume
     des ventes.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_3">L'emploi et les investissements ont
     également augmenté.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_4">La nouvelle ordonnance fédérale sur
     les denrées alimentaires concernant entre autres les
     eaux minérales, entrée en vigueur le 1er avril
     1988 après une période transitoire de deux
     ans, exige surtout une plus grande constance dans la
     qualité et une garantie de la pureté.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<linkGrp type="alignment"
 domains="#div-e #div-f">
 <link target="#e_1 #f_1"/>
 <link target="#e_2 #f_2"/>
 <link target="#e_3 #f_3"/>
 <link target="#e_4 #f_4"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<linkGrp type="alignment">
 <link target="#xe9801 #xl9801 #xp981"/>
 <link target="#xe9802 #xl9802"/>
 <link target="#xe9803 #xl9803 #xp982"/>
 <link target="#xe9804 #xl9804"/>
 <link target="#xe9805 #xl9805"/>
 <link target="#xe9806 #xl9806"/>
 <link target="#xe9807 #xl9807"/>
 <link target="#xe9808 #xl9808 #xp983"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<linkGrp type="alignment">
 <link target="#xpath(//div[@xml:id='L98']/ab[1]) #xpath(//div[@xml:id='E98']/ab[1])"/>
 <link target="#xpath(//div[@xml:id='L98']/ab[2]) #xpath(//div[@xml:id='E98']/ab[2])"/>
</linkGrp>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<linkGrp targFunc="interpretation text">
 <link target="#INTRO #SS1-SS3"/>
 <link target="#CONFLICT #SS4A"/>
 <link target="#CLIMAX #SS4B"/>
 <link target="#REVENGE #SS5-SS17"/>
 <link target="#RECONCIL #NIL1"/>
 <link target="#AFTERM #PP2-PP4"/>
</linkGrp>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<linkGrp type="POS-annotation">
 <link target="#word-1 #AT0"/>
 <link target="#word-2 #NN1"/>
 <link target="#word-3 #POS"/>
 <link target="#word-4 #NN2"/>
 <link target="#word-5 #VVD"/>
 <link target="#word-6 #NN2"/>
<!--... -->
</linkGrp>

19. Feature Structures

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s>
 <w xml:id="S1W1">
  <c xml:id="S1W1C1">C</c>ae<c xml:id="S1W1C2">s</c>ar</w>
 <w xml:id="S1W2">
  <c xml:id="S1W2C1">s</c>ei<c xml:id="S1W2C2">z</c>e<c xml:id="S1W2C3">d</c>
 </w>
 <w xml:id="S1W3">con<c xml:id="S1W3C1">t</c>rol</w>.

</s>
<fvLib xml:id="FSL1"
 n="phonological segment definitions">
<!-- as in previous example -->
</fvLib>
<linkGrp type="phonology">
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W3C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C3"/>
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W2C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C2"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<linkGrp type="POS-codes">
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#mds0901 #at0"/>
 <link target="#mds0902 #ajs"/>
 <link target="#mds0903 #pnp"/>
 <link target="#mds0904 #vvd"/>
 <link target="#mds0905 #prp"/>
 <link target="#mds0906 #nn1"/>
 <link target="#mds0907 #vbd"/>
 <link target="#mds0908 #to0"/>
 <link target="#mds0909 #vvi"/>
 <link target="#mds0910 #crd"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<ab>

<ab> (anonymous block) contains any component-level unit of text, acting as a container for phrase or inter level elements analogous to, but without the same constraints as, a paragraph. [17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.declaring

@decls

att.fragmentable

@part

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

macro.abContent model.pLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: item note q quote said sp stage textLang

corpus: particDesc setting settingDesc

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set view

figures: cell figure

header: abstract application availability cRefPattern calendar change correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc editionStmt editorialDecl encodingDesc handNote hyphenation interpretation langUsage licence normalization prefixDef projectDesc publicationStmt punctuation quotation refsDecl samplingDecl scriptNote segmentation seriesStmt sourceDesc stdVals styleDefDecl

linking: ab

msdescription: accMat acquisition additional additions binding bindingDesc collation condition custEvent custodialHist decoDesc decoNote filiation foliation handDesc history layout layoutDesc msContents msDesc msFrag msItem msItemStruct msPart musicNotation objectDesc origin physDesc provenance recordHist scriptDesc seal sealDesc signatures source summary support supportDesc surrogates typeDesc typeNote

namesdates: climate event langKnowledge listRelation nym object occupation org person personGrp persona place population state terrain trait

spoken: broadcast equipment recording recordingStmt scriptStmt transcriptionDesc

tagdocs: exemplum remarks specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph front postscript

transcr: metamark

verse: metDecl

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: ab alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The ab element may be used at the encoder's discretion to mark any component-level elements in a text for which no other more specific appropriate markup is defined. Unlike paragraphs, ab may nest and may use the type and subtype attributes.

Example

<div type="book" n="Genesis">
 <div type="chapter" n="1">
  <ab>In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.</ab>
  <ab>And the earth was without form, and void; and
     darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the
     spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.</ab>
  <ab>And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.</ab>
<!-- ...-->
 </div>
</div>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:l//tei:ab">
<sch:assert test="ancestor::tei:floatingText | parent::tei:figure | parent::tei:note"> Abstract model violation: Metrical lines may not contain higher-level divisions such as p or ab, unless ab is a child of figure or note, or is a descendant of floatingText.
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.abContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element ab
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.abContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <ab> (anonymous block)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <ab> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <ab> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

11. Manuscript Description

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.breaking

<ab> ...eƿesa tome iu icƿæs ȝeƿorden ƿita heardoſt .
leodum la<lb break="no"/> ðost ærþan ichim lifes
ƿeȝ rihtne ȝerymde reord be<lb break="no"/>
rendum hƿæt me þaȝeƿeorðode ƿuldres ealdor ofer...
</ab>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.13.2. Core Tags for Drama

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting">A tempestuous
     noise of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter
     a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall
       too't, yarely, or we run our selues a ground,
       bestirre, bestirre. <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare,
       yare: Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle:
       Blow till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.8. Text Rotation

<ab style="transform:rotateZ(-45deg)">TEI-C.ORG</ab>

5.8. Text Rotation

<ab style="transform:rotateY(45deg)">TEI-C.ORG</ab>

5.8. Text Rotation

<ab>
 <lb/>ΗΕΡΜΟΝΤΙΝA
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΚΑΘΕΟΝΠΟΤΘΕΜ</seg>
 <lb/>ΕΝΟΣΥΕΝΕΑϜ
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΟΙΥΕΝΟΙΤΙΕΚΚ</seg>
 <lb/>ΡΕΤΑΙΑΣΟΝΑ
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΣΙΜΟΣΟΤΤΑΙΕ</seg>
 <lb/>ΑΣΣΑΙ

</ab>

11. Manuscript Description

<layout>

<layout streams="3" columns="3"/>
<!-- Further down in document body -->
<div type="page">
 <ab>
  <pb/>
   一二三<cb type="top-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="mid-stream"/>
   一二三<cb type="bottom-stream"/>
<!-- cb here for demo purposes -->
 </ab>
</div>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.7. Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription

<sp>   <ab>     <lb n="545"/>Great praise and thanks be to Perfidy as she     <lb n="546"/>deserves, since by our swindles, tricks, and clever moves, relying      <lb n="547"/>on the daring of our shoulder blades and the excellence of our      <lb n="548"/>forearms who went against cattle-prods, hot iron-blades,      <lb n="549-550"/>crosses and shackles, neck-irons, chains, prisons, collars, fetters,      <lb n="551"/>and yokes, the fiercest painters fully acquainted with our backs      <lb n="552"/><secl>who have often before put scars on our shoulder blades</secl>     ...   </ab> </sp>            

<subst>

<ab>τ<subst>
  <add place="above">ῶν</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
συνκυρόντ<subst>
  <add place="above">ων</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
ἐργαστηρί<subst>
  <add place="above">ων</add>
  <del>α</del>
 </subst>
</ab>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<climate>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images

<figure n="6.45">
 <figure n="a">
  <graphic url="./figs/6.45a.png"/>
  <ab type="caption">Parallel</ab>
 </figure>
 <figure n="b">
  <graphic url="./figs/6.45b.png"/>
  <ab type="caption">Perspective</ab>
 </figure>
 <ab type="caption">The two canonical view volumes, for the (a)
   parallel and (b) perspective projections. Note that -z is to the
   right.</ab>
</figure>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.4.2. xpath()

<div xml:lang="la" type="edition"
 xml:space="preserve"><ab> <lb n="1" xml:id="line1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied> non <choice><reg>habui</reg><orig>abui</orig></choice> quidquam vaco  <lb n="2"/>si<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>b<gap reason="illegible" quantity="3"
 unit="character"/>    cohort<unclear>e</unclear> mi rescribas  <lb n="3"/><unclear>s</unclear>emp<unclear>er</unclear> in <choice><reg>mente</reg><orig>mentem</orig></choice>    <choice><reg>habe</reg><orig>abe</orig></choice> supra res  <lb n="4"/>scriptas<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"
 unit="character"/>  <lb n="5"/>auge et opto u<unclear>t</unclear> bene valeas</ab>
</div>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<ab style="text-align: center;">
 <lb/>SACRED
<lb/>to the memory of
<lb/>
 <abbr>M<hi rend="superscript">rs</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> ALICE HUTTON
<lb/>born at Che<g ref="#long-s">s</g>terfield in
<lb/>Great Britain,
<lb/>
 <abbr>Jan<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>25<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1722:
<lb/>and died in Carolina
<lb/>
 <abbr>Sept<hi rend="superscript">r</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr>
 <abbr>26<hi rend="superscript">th</hi>
  <am>.</am>
 </abbr> 1777.
<lb/>This <g ref="#long-s">s</g>tone
<lb/>is placed by her only Child
<lb/>ANN BOOTH POLLOK
</ab>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>The First Book of Moses, Called</head>
 <head type="main">Genesis</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <ab n="1">In the beginning God created the heaven and the
     earth.</ab>
  <ab n="2">And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness
  <hi>was</hi> upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God
     moved upon the face of the waters.</ab>
  <ab n="3">And God said, Let there be light: and there was
     light.</ab>
 </div2>
</div1>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="I" type="act">
 <div2 n="1" type="scene">
  <head rend="italic">Actus primus, Scena prima.</head>
  <stage rend="italic" type="setting"> A tempestuous noise of
     Thunder and Lightning heard:
     Enter a Ship-master, and a Boteswaine.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Master.</speaker>
   <ab>Bote-swaine.</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heere Master: What cheere?</ab>
  </sp>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Mast.</speaker>
   <ab>Good: Speake to th' Mariners: fall too't, yarely,
       or we run our selues a ground, bestirre, bestirre.
   <stage type="move">Exit.</stage>
   </ab>
  </sp>
  <stage type="move">Enter Mariners.</stage>
  <sp>
   <speaker>Botes.</speaker>
   <ab>Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts: yare, yare:
       Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle: Blow
       till thou burst thy winde, if roome e-nough.</ab>
  </sp>
 </div2>
</div1>

<ab>

<div type="book" n="Genesis">
 <div type="chapter" n="1">
  <ab>In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.</ab>
  <ab>And the earth was without form, and void; and
     darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the
     spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.</ab>
  <ab>And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.</ab>
<!-- ...-->
 </div>
</div>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:id="english" xml:lang="en"
 type="subsection">
 <ab xml:id="english1">
  <s>According to our survey, 1988 sales of mineral water and soft
     drinks were much higher than in 1987, reflecting the growing popularity
     of these products.</s>
  <s>Cola drink manufacturers in particular achieved above-average
     growth rates.</s>
 </ab>
</div>
<div xml:id="french" xml:lang="fr"
 type="subsection">
 <ab xml:id="french1">
  <s xml:id="fs1">Quant aux eaux minérales et aux limonades, elles
     rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes.</s>
  <s xml:id="fs2">En effet, notre sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement
     supérieures à celles de 1987, pour les boissons à
     base de cola notamment.</s>
 </ab>
</div>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<div xml:id="E98" xml:lang="en"
 type="lesson">
 <head>The Study</head>
 <ab>The Study</ab>
 <ab>is a place</ab>
 <ab>where a Student,</ab>
</div>
<div xml:id="L98" xml:lang="la"
 type="lesson">
 <head>Muséum</head>
 <ab>Museum</ab>
 <ab>est locus</ab>
 <ab>ubi Studiosus,</ab>
</div>

17.7. Aggregation

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

att.linguistic

<ab>
 <w pos="PPER" msd="1.Pl.*.Nom">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" msd="1.Pl.Pres.Ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" msd="Def.Masc.Akk.Sg">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" msd="Masc.Akk.Sg">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." msd="--">.</pc>
</ab>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<ab>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children And a first-rate
body—pointed her finger at the back of one certain man and asked me,
<said>Is that guy a psychiatrist?</said> and by god he was!
<said>Yes,</said> She said, <said>He <emph>looks</emph> like a
   psychiatrist.</said> Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and
thought.</ab>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<anchor>

<anchor> (anchor point) attaches an identifier to a point within a text, whether or not it corresponds with a textual element. [8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap 17.5. Correspondence and Alignment]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.milestoneLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list listBibl measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc subst supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

On this element, the global xml:id attribute must be supplied to specify an identifier for the point at which this element occurs within a document. The value used may be chosen freely provided that it is unique within the document and is a syntactically valid name. There is no requirement for values containing numbers to be in sequence.

Example

<s>The anchor is he<anchor xml:id="A234"/>re somewhere.</s>
<s>Help me find it.<ptr target="#A234"/>
</s>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element anchor
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <anchor> (anchor point)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <anchor> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <anchor> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

8. Transcriptions of Speech

10. Dictionaries

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.anchoring

<p>(...) tamen reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
necnon episcopum in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus<anchor xml:id="A55234"/> totaliter expediui...</p>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<noteGrp targetEnd="#A55234">
 <note xml:lang="en"> Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days.
 </note>
 <note xml:lang="pl"> Quatuor Tempora, tzw. Suche dni postne.
 </note>
</noteGrp>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb>
   <anchor xml:id="da"/>打
  <anchor xml:id="kyuu"/>球
  <anchor xml:id="ba"/>場
  <anchor xml:id="owari"/>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" from="#da" to="#owari">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#da" to="#kyuu">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" from="#kyuu" to="#ba">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

3.9.2.2. Auto-generated Indexes

<p>We now turn to the
topic of Arabic lemmatisation
<index spanTo="#ALAMEND">
  <term>Lemmatization, Arabic</term>
 </index> concerning which it is important to note [...]

<!-- much learned material omitted here -->
and now we can build our parser.<anchor xml:id="ALAMEND"/>
</p>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u xml:id="utt1" who="#jane">have you read Vanity <anchor synch="#utt2 #k1" xml:id="a1"/> Fair</u>
<u xml:id="utt2" who="#stig">yes</u>
<kinesic xml:id="k1" who="#lou"
 iterated="true">
 <desc>nods head vertically</desc>
</kinesic>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u xml:id="TS-U1" start="#TS-P2"
 end="#TS-P3">This is my <anchor synch="#TS-P6" xml:id="TS-P6A"/> turn</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#ts-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="ts-p1"
  absolute="12:20:01+01:00"/>
 <when synch="#ts-u1" xml:id="ts-p2"
  interval="4.5" since="#ts-p1"/>
 <when synch="#ts-x1" xml:id="ts-p6"/>
 <when synch="#ts-u1" xml:id="ts-p3"
  interval="1.5" since="#ts-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="ts-u1">This is my <anchor xml:id="ts-x1"/> turn</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-p1" absolute="12:20:01"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p2" interval="4.5"
  since="#TS-p1"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p6"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p3" interval="1.5"
  since="#TS-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="TS-u1">
 <anchor xml:id="TS-u1start"/>
This is my <anchor xml:id="TS-x1"/> turn
<anchor xml:id="TS-u1end"/>
</u>
<linkGrp type="synchronous">
 <link target="#TS-u1start #TS-p1"/>
 <link target="#TS-u1end #TS-p2"/>
 <link target="#TS-x1 #TS-p6"/>
</linkGrp>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u who="#tom">I used to smoke <anchor xml:id="TS-p10"/> a lot more than this
<anchor xml:id="TS-p20"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u start="#TS-p10" end="#TS-p20" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<u who="#bob">
 <anchor synch="#TS-p10"/>You used to smoke<anchor synch="#TS-p20"/>
</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-t01" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-t01" absolute="15:33:01Z"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-t02" interval="2.5"
  since="#TS-t01"/>
</timeline>
<u who="#tom">I used to smoke
<anchor synch="#TS-t01"/>a lot more than this
<anchor synch="#TS-t02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <anchor synch="#TS-t01"/>You used to smoke<anchor synch="#TS-t02"/>
</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-T01">
 <when synch="#TS-nm1 #bob-u2"
  xml:id="TS-T01"/>
 <when synch="#TS-nm2 #bob-u2"
  xml:id="TS-T02"/>
</timeline>
<u who="#tom">I used to smoke
<anchor xml:id="TS-nm1"/>a lot more than this
<anchor xml:id="TS-nm2"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u xml:id="bob-u2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<body>
 <timeline origin="#T001">
  <when xml:id="T001"/>
  <when xml:id="T002"/>
 </timeline>
 <u who="#tom">I used to smoke
 <anchor xml:id="NM01"/>a lot more than this
 <anchor xml:id="NM02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
 <u xml:id="bob-U2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>
 <linkGrp type="synchronize">
  <link target="#T001 #NM01 #bob-U2"/>
  <link target="#T002 #NM02 #bob-U2"/>
 </linkGrp>
</body>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TSp1">
 <when synch="#TSa1 #TSb1 #TSc1"
  xml:id="TSp1"/>
 <when synch="#TSa2 #TSc2" xml:id="TSp2"/>
</timeline>
<!-- ... -->
<u who="#stig">this is <anchor xml:id="TSa1"/> my <anchor xml:id="TSa2"/> turn</u>
<u who="#jane" xml:id="TSb1">balderdash</u>
<u who="#lou" xml:id="TSc1"> no <anchor xml:id="TSc2"/> it's mine</u>

10. Dictionaries

10.5.3.2. Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements

<form>
 <orth>pinna</orth>
 <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɪnə</pron>
 <anchor xml:id="p01"/>
 <form type="inflected">
  <number>pl</number>
  <form>
   <orth extent="part">-nae</orth>
   <pron extent="part">-ni:</pron>
  </form>
  <orth extent="part">-nas</orth>
 </form>
</form>
<gramGrp>
 <pos location="#p01">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<handNote xml:id="heol"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added gathering" hand="#heol"
  spanTo="#p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="p025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<l>Flowed up the hill and down King William Street,</l>
<delSpan spanTo="#EPdelEnd" resp="#EP"
 rend="strikethrough"/>
<l>To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the time,</l>
<l>With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine.</l>
<anchor xml:id="EPdelEnd"/>
<l>There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying "Stetson!</l>...

12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend01"/> Tis moonlight
<del>upon</del>
 <add>over</add> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend01"/>
</l>

12.3.1.5. Substitutions

<l>
 <delSpan rend="verticalStrike"
  spanTo="#delend02"/> Tis moonlight
<subst>
  <del>upon</del>
  <add>over</add>
 </subst> Oman's sky
</l>
<l>Her isles of pearl look lovelily<anchor xml:id="delend02"/>
</l>

12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text

<l> The Moving Finger wri<damage agent="water" group="1">es; and</damage> having writ,</l>
<l>Moves <damage agent="water" group="1">on: nor all your</damage> Piety nor
Wit</l>
<l>
 <damageSpan agent="water" group="1"
  spanTo="#washOut"/>Shall lure it back to
cancel half a Line,
</l>
<l>Nor all your Tears wash <anchor xml:id="washOut"/> out a Word of it</l>

12.3.4.1. Generic Modification

<line>words words words <mod rend="wavy-underlining"
  spanTo="#enduw"/>words with wavy
underline</line> <!-- more lines here -->
<line>wavy underlining finishes
here<anchor xml:id="enduw"/> more words</line>

12.3.4.2. Metamarks

<delSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L3"/>
<metamark function="flag" target="#zone-1"
 change="#L2">lege</metamark>
<zone xml:id="zone-1" change="#L1">Ock en schullen de bruwere des hilgen dages
nicht over setten noch uppe den stillen fridach bruwen.</zone>
<addSpan spanTo="#endDel" change="#L2"/>
<zone>Noch nymande over setten, se en sehin denne erst, dat uppe den bonen neyn
stro noch, huw noch flaß ligghe, by pine eyner halven roden, deme bruwere so
wol alse dem bruwheren to murende.</zone>
<anchor xml:id="endDel"/>

12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications

This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
 <undo spanTo="#Xa" rend="dotted"
  change="#s3"/>just some <anchor xml:id="Xa"/> sample <undo spanTo="#Xb" rend="dotted"
  change="#s3"/>text, <anchor xml:id="Xb"/> we need
</del>
<add change="#s2">not</add> a real example.

<addSpan>

<handNote xml:id="HEOL"
 scribe="HelgiÓlafsson"/>
<!-- ... -->
<body>
 <div>
<!-- text here -->
 </div>
 <addSpan n="added_gathering" hand="#HEOL"
  spanTo="#P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- text of first added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of second added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of third added poem here -->
 </div>
 <div>
<!-- text of fourth added poem here -->
 </div>
 <anchor xml:id="P025"/>
 <div>
<!-- more text here -->
 </div>
</body>

<damageSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially damaged. This is the undamaged
portion <damageSpan spanTo="#a34"/>and this the damaged
portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>This paragraph is entirely damaged.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially damaged; in the middle of this
paragraph the damage ends and the anchor point marks
the start of the <anchor xml:id="a34"/> undamaged part of the text. ...</p>

<damageSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially damaged. This is the undamaged portion <damageSpan spanTo="#fr_a34"/>and
this the damaged portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>This paragraph is entirely damaged.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially damaged; in the middle of this paragraph the damage ends and the
anchor point marks the start of the <anchor xml:id="fr_a34"/> undamaged part of the text.
...</p>

<damageSpan>

<p>此段部份毀損。這裡是完好的部份，<damageSpan spanTo="#zh-tw_a34"/>而此為毀損的部份。</p>
<p>此段全部毀損。</p>
<p>段落有部份毀損，損壞處止於段落的中間，以屬性anchor標示<anchor xml:id="zh-tw_a34"/>未損內文的重新出現處。</p>

<delSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially deleted. This is the undeleted
portion <delSpan spanTo="#a23"/>and this the deleted
portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph deleted together with adjacent material.</p>
<p>Second fully deleted paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially deleted; in the middle of this
paragraph the deletion ends and the anchor point marks
the resumption <anchor xml:id="a23"/> of the text. ...</p>

<delSpan>

<p>Paragraph partially deleted. This is the undeleted portion <delSpan spanTo="#fr_a23"/>and
this the deleted portion of the paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph deleted together with adjacent material.</p>
<p>Second fully deleted paragraph.</p>
<p>Paragraph partially deleted; in the middle of this paragraph the deletion ends and the
anchor point marks the resumption <anchor xml:id="fr_a23"/> of the text. ...</p>

<delSpan>

<p>此段部份刪除。這裡是保留的， <delSpan spanTo="#zh-tw_a23"/>而此為刪除的部份。</p>
<p>此段落以及與它相關的資料一同被刪除。</p>
<p>第二個完全刪除的段落。</p>
<p>段落有部份被刪除，刪去處止於段落的中間，以屬性anchor標示 <anchor xml:id="zh-tw_a23"/>內文重新出現的位置。</p>

<redo>

<line>
 <redo hand="#g_t" target="#redo-1"
  cause="fix"/>
 <mod xml:id="redo-1" rend="strikethrough"
  spanTo="#anchor-1" hand="#g_bl"/>Ihr hagren, triſten, krummgezog<mod rend="strikethrough">nen</mod>ener Nacken
</line>
<line>Wenn ihr nur piepſet iſt die Welt ſchon matt.<anchor xml:id="anchor-1"/>
</line>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<variantEncoding method="double-end-point"
 location="external"/>
<!-- ... -->
<div n="WBP" type="prologue">
 <head>The Prologe ... </head>
 <l n="1" xml:id="WBP.1">Experience<anchor xml:id="WBP-A2"/> though noon Auctoritee</l>
 <l>Were in this world ...</l>
</div>

13.2.2. The Double End-Point Attachment Method

<l xml:id="WBP.117" n="117"> And
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.1"/> of so parfit
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.2"/> wys
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.3"/> a wight
<anchor xml:id="WBP-A117.4"/> ywroght
<app from="#WBP-A117.1" to="#WBP-A117.3">
  <lem wit="#Hg">of so parfit wys</lem>
  <rdg wit="#Ha4">in what wise was</rdg>
 </app>
 <app from="#WBP-A117.2" to="#WBP-A117.4">
  <lem wit="#Hg">wys a wight</lem>
  <rdg wit="#El #Ha4">was a wight</rdg>
 </app>
</l>

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1">
 <anchor xml:id="WBP-so.1.1a"/> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="http://www.example.com/example.xml#WBP-so.1.1a">
 <lem>Experience</lem>
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

English language. Except for not very<anchor xml:id="eng1"/>
English at all at the time<anchor xml:id="eng2"/>
English was still full of flaws<anchor xml:id="eng3"/>
English. This was revised by young
<anchor xml:id="eng4"/>

<anchor>

<s>The anchor is he<anchor xml:id="A234"/>re somewhere.</s>
<s>Help me find it.<ptr target="#A234"/>
</s>

<anchor>

<s>L'ancre est i<anchor xml:id="fr_A234"/>ci quelque part.</s>
<s>Aidez-moi à la trouver.<ptr target="#fr_A234"/>
</s>

<anchor>

<s>此錨點指向這<anchor xml:id="zh-tw_A234"/>裡</s>
<s>請搜尋此處<ptr target="#zh-tw_A234"/>
</s>

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<div xml:id="BNC-d1" type="convers">
 <u xml:id="u2b" who="#b"> The first time in twenty five years,
   we've cooked Christmas <unclear> for a blooming great
     load of people.</unclear>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u3a" who="#a">So you're
 <anchor synch="#t1b" xml:id="t1a"/>
  <unclear>
   <anchor synch="#t2b" xml:id="t2a"/>
  </unclear>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u3b" who="#b">
  <anchor xml:id="t1b"/>It will be <anchor xml:id="t2b"/>
   nice in a way, but, <anchor xml:id="t3b"/>
   be strange.<anchor xml:id="t4b"/>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u4a" who="#a">
  <anchor synch="#t3b" xml:id="t3a"/>Yeah
 <anchor synch="#t4b" xml:id="t4a"/>, yeah, cos it, its
 <anchor synch="#t5b" xml:id="t5a"/>the
 <anchor synch="#t6b" xml:id="t6a"/>
 </u>
 <u xml:id="u4b" who="#b">
  <anchor xml:id="t5b"/>not<anchor xml:id="t6b"/>
 </u>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.5.1. Correspondence

English language. Except for not very<anchor xml:id="en1"/>
<!-- ... -->
English at all at the time
<anchor xml:id="en2"/>
<!-- ... -->
English was still full of flaws
<anchor xml:id="en3"/>
<!-- ... -->
English. This was revised by young
<anchor xml:id="en4"/>
<!-- ... -->
<linkGrp type="five-word_collocates">
 <link type="collocates_of_ENGLISH"
  target="#en1 #en2 #en3 #en4"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:lang="en" type="subsection">
 <p>
  <anchor corresp="#fa1" xml:id="ea1"/>According to our survey, 1988
   sales of mineral water and soft drinks were much higher than in 1987,
   reflecting the growing popularity of these products. Cola drink
   manufacturers in particular achieved above-average growth rates.
 <anchor corresp="#fa2" xml:id="ea2"/>The higher turnover was largely
   due to an increase in the sales volume.
 <anchor corresp="#fa3" xml:id="ea3"/>Employment and investment levels also climbed.
 <anchor corresp="#fa4" xml:id="ea4"/>Following a two-year transitional period,
   the new Foodstuffs Ordinance for Mineral Water came into effect on
   April 1, 1988. Specifically, it contains more stringent requirements
   regarding quality consistency and purity guarantees.</p>
</div>
<div xml:lang="fr" type="subsection">
 <p>
  <anchor corresp="#ea1" xml:id="fa1"/>Quant aux eaux minérales
   et aux limonades, elles rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes. En effet,
   notre sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement supérieures
   à celles de 1987, pour les boissons à base de cola
   notamment. <anchor corresp="#ea2" xml:id="fa2"/>La progression des
   chiffres d'affaires résulte en grande partie de l'accroissement
   du volume des ventes. <anchor corresp="#ea3" xml:id="fa3"/>L'emploi et
   les investissements ont également augmenté.
 <anchor corresp="#ea4" xml:id="fa4"/>La nouvelle ordonnance fédérale
   sur les denrées alimentaires concernant entre autres les eaux
   minérales, entrée en vigueur le 1er avril 1988 après
   une période transitoire de deux ans, exige surtout une plus
   grande constance dans la qualité et une garantie de la
   pureté.</p>
</div>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="P1">
 <s xml:id="S1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
 <s xml:id="S2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
 <s xml:id="S3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ...</s>
 <s xml:id="S4A">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="S4B">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
 <s xml:id="S7">She took poison ... and brought it to Sinfiotli.</s>
 <s xml:id="S17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 <anchor xml:id="EOS17"/>
</p>
<p xml:id="P2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="P3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="P4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<spanGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="narrative-structure">
 <span from="#S1" to="#S3">introduction</span>
 <span from="#S4A">conflict</span>
 <span from="#S4B">climax</span>
 <span from="#S5" to="#S17">revenge</span>
 <span from="#EOS17">reconciliation</span>
 <span from="#P2" to="#P4">aftermath</span>
</spanGrp>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="PP1">
 <seg xml:id="SS1-SS3" ana="#INTRO">
  <s xml:id="SS1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="SS4A" ana="#CONFLICT">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="SS4B" ana="#CLIMAX">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <seg xml:id="SS5-SS17" ana="#REVENGE">
  <s xml:id="SS5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 </seg>
</p>
<anchor xml:id="NIL1" ana="#RECONCIL"/>
<p xml:id="PP2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<join xml:id="PP2-PP4"
 target="#PP2 #PP3 #PP4" ana="#AFTERM"/>

<spanGrp>

<u xml:id="UU1">Can I have ten oranges and a kilo of bananas please?</u>
<u xml:id="UU2">Yes, anything else?</u>
<u xml:id="UU3">No thanks.</u>
<u xml:id="UU4">That'll be dollar forty.</u>
<u xml:id="UU5">Two dollars</u>
<u xml:id="UU6">Sixty, eighty, two dollars.
<anchor xml:id="UU6e"/>Thank you.<anchor xml:id="UU6f"/>
</u>
<spanGrp type="transactions">
 <span from="#UU1">sale request</span>
 <span from="#UU2" to="#UU3">sale compliance</span>
 <span from="#UU4">sale</span>
 <span from="#UU5" to="#UU6">purchase</span>
 <span from="#UU6e" to="#UU6f">purchase closure</span>
</spanGrp>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<l>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/>
Scorn not the sonnet;
<anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/> critic, you have frowned,
</l>
<l>Mindless of its just honours; <anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/> with this key</l>
<l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; <anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
 <anchor subtype="sentenceStart"
  type="delimiter"/> the melody</l>
<l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound. <anchor subtype="sentenceEnd"
  type="delimiter"/>
</l>

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<phr function="NP">
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPstart"
  xml:id="NPInterpretationB"/>
 <w function="A">Fast</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPstart"
  xml:id="NPInterpretationA"/>
 <w function="N">trains</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPend"
  corresp="#NPInterpretationB"/>
 <w function="C">and</w>
 <w function="N">planes</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPend"
  corresp="#NPInterpretationA"/>
</phr>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions

Ernest went to <anchor xml:id="CE-a1"/> old <persName xml:id="CE-p2">Saybrook</persName>.

<certainty xml:id="cert1" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#CE-p2" locus="start"
 given="#cert1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert2" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="name" assertedValue="placeName" degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#CE-p2" locus="start"
 given="#cert2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert3" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#CE-a1" given="#cert1"
 degree="0.1"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert4" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#CE-a1" given="#cert2"
 degree="0.5"/>

<certainty>

Ernest went to <anchor xml:id="A1"/> old
<persName xml:id="SYB">Saybrook</persName>.

<certainty xml:id="c1" target="#SYB"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 given="#c1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="C-c2" target="#SYB"
 locus="name" assertedValue="persName" degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 given="#C-c2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 assertedValue="#a1" given="#c1" degree="0.5"/>

<certainty>

Ernest est allé au <anchor xml:id="fr_A1"/> vieux
<persName xml:id="fr_SYB">Saybrook</persName>.
<certainty xml:id="fr_c1" target="#fr_SYB"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#fr_SYB" locus="start"
 given="#c1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="fr_C-c2"
 target="#fr_SYB" locus="name" assertedValue="persName"
 degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#fr_SYB" locus="start"
 given="#C-c2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty target="#fr_SYB" locus="start"
 assertedValue="#a1" given="#c1" degree="0.5"/>

<certainty>

王先生找到<anchor xml:id="zh-tw_A1"/>小<persName xml:id="zh-tw_lin">林</persName>，感動極了。

<certainty xml:id="zh-tw_c1"
 target="#zh-tw_lin" locus="name" degree="0.8"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_lin" given="#c1"
 locus="start" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="zh-tw_c2"
 target="#zh-tw_lin" locus="name" assertedValue="placeName"
 degree="0.2"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_lin" given="#c2"
 locus="start" degree="0.1"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_lin" given="#c2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#a1" degree="0.9"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<seg>

<seg> (arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the ‘chunk’ level. [17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors 6.2. Components of the Verse Line 7.2.5. Speech Contents]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.notated

@notation

att.segLike

@function

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

att.written

@hand

Member of

model.choicePart model.linePart model.segLike model.standOffPart

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope choice citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell notatedMusic

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address bibl biblStruct binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del desc distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: figure formula notatedMusic table

gaiji: g

header: biblFull idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList tag val

textcrit: app listApp listWit witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The seg element may be used at the encoder's discretion to mark any segments of the text of interest for processing. One use of the element is to mark text features for which no appropriate markup is otherwise defined. Another use is to provide an identifier for some segment which is to be pointed at by some other element—i.e. to provide a target, or a part of a target, for a ptr or other similar element.

Example

<seg>When are you leaving?</seg>
<seg>Tomorrow.</seg>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<s>
 <seg rend="caps" type="initial-cap">So father's only</seg> glory was the ballfield.
</s>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<seg type="preamble">
 <seg>Sigmund, <seg type="patronym">the son of Volsung</seg>, was a king in Frankish country.</seg>
 <seg>Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons ...</seg>
 <seg>Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ... </seg>
</seg>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element seg
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.segLike.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   att.written.attributes,
   macro.paraContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <seg> (arbitrary segment)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <seg> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <seg> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

6. Verse

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.8. Text Rotation

<ab>
 <lb/>ΗΕΡΜΟΝΤΙΝA
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΚΑΘΕΟΝΠΟΤΘΕΜ</seg>
 <lb/>ΕΝΟΣΥΕΝΕΑϜ
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΟΙΥΕΝΟΙΤΙΕΚΚ</seg>
 <lb/>ΡΕΤΑΙΑΣΟΝΑ
<lb/>
 <seg style="rotateY(180deg)">ΣΙΜΟΣΟΤΤΑΙΕ</seg>
 <lb/>ΑΣΣΑΙ

</ab>

6. Verse

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

<l>
 <seg>In a somer
   seson,</seg>
 <seg>whan softe was the sonne,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg>I shoop me into shroudes</seg>
 <seg>as I a sheep were,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg>In habite as an heremite </seg>
 <seg>unholy of werkes,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg>Went wide in this world </seg>
 <seg>wondres to here.</seg>
</l>

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

<l>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">Ar</seg>
  <seg type="syll">ma </seg>
  <seg type="syll">vi</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">rum</seg>
  <seg type="syll">que </seg>
  <seg type="syll">ca</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">no </seg>
  <seg type="syll">Tro</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">iae </seg>
  <seg type="syll">qui </seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">pri</seg>
  <seg type="syll">mus </seg>
  <seg type="syll">ab </seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="foot">
  <seg type="syll">or</seg>
  <seg type="syll">is </seg>
 </seg>
</l>

6.2. Components of the Verse Line

<l>
 <seg type="hemistich">
  <seg type="foot">
   <seg type="syll">Ar</seg>
   <seg type="syll">ma </seg>
   <seg type="syll">vi</seg>
  </seg>
  <seg type="foot">
   <seg type="syll">rum</seg>
   <seg type="syll">que </seg>
   <seg type="syll">ca</seg>
  </seg>
  <seg type="foot" part="I">
   <seg type="syll">no </seg>
  </seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="hemistich">
  <seg type="foot" part="F">
   <seg type="syll">Tro</seg>
  </seg>
  <seg type="foot">
   <seg type="syll">iae </seg>
   <seg type="syll">qui </seg>
  </seg>
 </seg>
</l>

6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

<lg type="couplet">
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said1">Our lives</seg>, ſaid he,
 <seg xml:id="eg2-said2">wee'll give before we yield</seg>,
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said3">Wee'll win your battles, or dye in the field</seg>.
 </l>
</lg>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="said" scope="root"
  target="#eg2-said1 #eg2-said2 #eg2-said3"/>
</p>

6.4.2. Segment-Level versus Line-level Tagging

<l n="356"> A need<seg type="foot" n="2" real="--">less a</seg>lexandrine ends the song,</l>
<l n="357" met="-+|-+|-+|-+|-+|-+">
 <seg n="1" real="++"> That, like </seg> a wounded snake, <seg n="4" real="+-"> drags its </seg>
 <seg n="5" real="++"> slow length </seg> along.
</l>

6.4.2. Segment-Level versus Line-level Tagging

<l>
 <seg type="foot" met="+--">Arma vi</seg>
 <seg met="+--">rumque ca</seg>
 <seg met="++">no Tro</seg>
 <seg met="++">iae qui </seg>
 <seg met="+--">primus ab</seg>
 <seg met="++"> oris</seg>
</l>

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts

<!-- ... in the <particDesc>: --><listPerson>
 <person xml:id="mar">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="ros">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
 <person xml:id="fat">
<!-- ... -->
 </person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ... in the <text>: -->
<u who="#mar">you
never <pause/> take this cat for show and tell
<pause/> meow meow</u>
<u who="#ros">yeah well I dont want to</u>
<incident>
 <desc>toy cat has bell in tail which continues to make a tinkling sound</desc>
</incident>
<vocal who="#mar">
 <desc>meows</desc>
</vocal>
<u who="#ros">because it is so old</u>
<u who="#mar">how <choice>
  <orig>bout</orig>
  <reg>about</reg>
 </choice>
 <emph>your</emph> cat <pause/>yours is <emph>new</emph>
 <kinesic>
  <desc>shows Father the cat</desc>
 </kinesic>
</u>
<u trans="pause" who="#fat">thats <pause/> darling</u>
<u who="#mar">
 <seg>no <emph>mine</emph> isnt old</seg>
 <seg>mine is just um a little dirty</seg>
</u>

8.4.1. Segmentation

<u>
 <seg>we went to the pub yesterday</seg>
 <pause/>
 <seg>there was no one there</seg>
</u>
<u>
 <seg>although its an old ide´a</seg>
 <seg>it hasnt been on the mar´ket very long</seg>
</u>

8.4.1. Segmentation

<u who="#T1">
 <seg type="C">I think </seg>
 <seg type="C">this chap was writing </seg>
 <seg type="C">and he <del type="repeated">said hello</del> said </seg>
 <seg type="M">hello </seg>
 <seg type="C">and he said </seg>
 <seg type="C">I'm going to a gate
   at twenty past seven </seg>
 <seg type="C">he said </seg>
 <seg type="M">ok </seg>
 <seg type="M">right away </seg>
 <seg type="C">and so <gap extent="1 syll"/> on they went </seg>
 <seg type="C">and they were <gap extent="3 sylls"/>
   writing there </seg>
</u>

8.4.1. Segmentation

<u who="#T1"
   xmlns:ext="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
<!-- ... -->
 <seg type="C">and he said </seg>
 <seg type="C">I'm going to a
 <ext:paraphasia>gate</ext:paraphasia>
   at twenty past seven </seg>
<!-- ... -->
</u>

<annotationBlock>

<annotationBlock who="#SPK1" start="#T2"
 end="#T3" xml:id="ag20">
 <u xml:id="u20">
  <seg xml:id="seg37" type="utterance"
   subtype="modeless">
   <w xml:id="w46">Yeah</w>
  </seg>
 </u>
</annotationBlock>
<annotationBlock who="#SPK1" start="#T5"
 end="#T6" xml:id="ag21">
 <u xml:id="u21">
  <seg xml:id="seg38" type="utterance"
   subtype="modeless">
   <w xml:id="w47">Mhm</w>
  </seg>
 </u>
</annotationBlock>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

<post>

<post when="1990-10-11" who="#dmerritt"
 xml:id="sgml-tei-3" replyTo="#sgml-tei-1">
 <time generatedBy="system">04:37:51 UTC</time>
 <p>
  <seg generatedBy="system">In article
  <ref target="#sgml-tei-1"><2****.**********0@m*******.***.*****.**c.uk></ref> S.*.*.*****z@e**.*****.**c.uk (Sebastian Rahtz) writes:</seg>
  <cit>
   <bibl>[for] Lou Burnard:</bibl>
   <quote>the Text Encoding Initiative document is a many-splendoured thing,
       redolent of the mysterious east, caribbean evenings and the scent of
       fresh pine in the himalayas [...]</quote>
  </cit>
 </p>
 <p>Very poetic.</p>
 <p>But really, what is it?</p>
 <signed generatedBy="human">Doug</signed>
 <signed generatedBy="template">Doug Merritt ****@e***.********y.edu (ucbvax!eris!doug) or uunet.uu.net!crossck!dougm
 </signed>
</post>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.4.4. Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications

This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
 <seg xml:id="X-a">just some</seg> sample <seg xml:id="X-b">text</seg>, we
need
</del>
<add change="#s2">not</add> a real example.

<undo target="#X-a #X-b" rend="dotted"
 change="#s3"/>

12.3.4.5. Transpositions

<seg xml:id="ib01">bör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib01" place="above">2.</metamark> og
<seg xml:id="ib02">hör</seg>
<metamark rend="underline"
 function="transposition" target="#ib02" place="above">1.</metamark>
<!-- either nearby or elsewhere, typically inside <profileDesc> or <standOff>: -->
<listTranspose>
 <transpose>
  <ptr target="#ib02"/>
  <ptr target="#ib01"/>
 </transpose>
</listTranspose>

12.3.4.6. Alternative Readings

Alone <seg xml:id="alt1">before</seg>
<add place="above" xml:id="alt2">beside</add> his native river —

<alt target="#alt1 #alt2" mode="excl"
 weights="0 1"/>

<metamark>

<line>
 <seg xml:id="tp-ib01">bör</seg>
 <metamark rend="underline"
  function="transposition" target="#tp-ib01" place="above">2.</metamark>
og <seg xml:id="tp-ib02">hör</seg>
 <metamark rend="underline"
  function="transposition" target="#tp-ib02" place="above">1.</metamark>
</line>

<undo>

<line>This is <del change="#s2" rend="overstrike">
  <seg xml:id="undo-a">just some</seg>
   sample <seg xml:id="undo-b">text</seg>,
   we need</del>
 <add change="#s2">not</add>
a real example.</line>
<undo target="#undo-a #undo-b"
 rend="dotted" change="#s3"/>

13. Critical Apparatus

13.2.4. Other Linking Methods

<l n="1">
 <seg xml:id="WBP-so.1.1">Experience</seg> though noon Auctoritee
</l>
<!-- In another file -->
<app from="example.xml#WBP-so.1.1">
 <rdg wit="#La">Experiment</rdg>
 <rdg wit="#Ra2">Eryment</rdg>
</app>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.7. Names and Nyms

<nym xml:id="ABC">
 <form>
  <choice>
   <seg type="morph">
    <seg>Bog</seg>
    <seg>o</seg>
    <seg>mil</seg>
   </seg>
   <seg type="morph">
    <seg>Bogo</seg>
    <seg>mil</seg>
   </seg>
  </choice>
 </form>
</nym>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<q>Don't say <q>
  <seg type="stutter">I-I-I</seg>'m afraid,</q> Melvin, just say <q>I'm
   afraid.</q>
</q>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<seg xml:id="bl0034" type="sentence">
 <seg xml:id="bl0034.1" type="phrase">Literate and illiterate speech</seg>
 <seg xml:id="bl0034.2" type="phrase">in a language like English</seg>
 <seg xml:id="bl0034.3" type="phrase">are plainly different.</seg>
</seg>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<seg type="sentence" subtype="declarative">
 <seg type="phrase" subtype="noun">
  <seg type="word" subtype="adjective">Literate</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="conjunction">and</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="adjective">illiterate</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="noun">speech</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="phrase" subtype="preposition">
  <seg type="word" subtype="preposition">in</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="article">a</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="noun">language</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="preposition">like</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="noun">English</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="phrase" subtype="verb">
  <seg type="word" subtype="verb">are</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="adverb">plainly</seg>
  <seg type="word" subtype="adjective">different</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="punct">.</seg>
</seg>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<seg xml:id="s1s3" type="narrative_unit">
 <s xml:id="s1">Sigmund, the <seg type="patronymic">son of Volsung</seg>,
   was a king in Frankish country.</s>
 <s xml:id="s2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
 <s xml:id="s3"> ... </s>
</seg>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

Give me <seg type="phrase">a dozen. Or two or three.</seg>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<s>Give me <seg type="phrase" part="I">a dozen.</seg>
</s>
<s>
 <seg part="F">Or two or three.</seg>
</s>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

…pressing <choice>
 <seg type="platform" subtype="Mac">option</seg>
 <seg type="platform" subtype="PC">alt</seg>
</choice>-f will …

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<div1 n="Gen" type="book">
 <head>Das Erste Buch Mose.</head>
 <div2 n="1" type="chapter">
  <p>
   <seg n="1">Am Anfang schuff Gott Himel vnd Erden.</seg>
   <seg n="2">Vnd die Erde war wüst vnd leer / vnd es war
       finster auff der Tieffe / Vnd der Geist Gottes schwebet auff
       dem Wasser.</seg>
  </p>
  <p>
   <seg n="3">Vnd Gott sprach / Es werde Liecht / Vnd es ward
       Liecht.</seg>
  </p>
 </div2>
</div1>

<seg>

<seg>When are you leaving?</seg>
<seg>Tomorrow.</seg>

<seg>

<seg>Quand partez-vous ?</seg>
<seg>Demain.</seg>

<seg>

<s>C' était à <seg type="toponyme">Mégara</seg>, faubourg de <seg type="topon">Carthage</seg>, dans les jardins d' <seg type="patronyme">Hamilcar</seg>. </s>

<seg>

<seg type="preambule">La magnificence et la galanterie n'ont jamais paru en <seg type="toponyme">France</seg> avec tant d'éclat que <seg type="date">dans les dernières
   années du règne de <seg type="patronyme">Henri second</seg>. </seg>
</seg>

<seg>

<seg>你什麼時候出發?</seg>
<seg>明天。</seg>

<seg>

<s>
 <seg rend="caps" type="initial-cap">此屬性值表示句首第一個字母大寫</seg>
</s>

<seg>

<seg type="preamble">
 <seg>唐太宗李世民， <seg type="patronym">為唐高祖李淵與竇皇后的次子，</seg>是唐朝第二位皇帝。</seg>
 <seg>李承乾為其三子中的長子...</seg>
 <seg>娶長孫氏為妻，長孫皇后是北魏皇族拓跋氏之後...</seg>
</seg>

<seg>

<s>
 <seg rend="caps" type="initial-cap">So father's only</seg> glory was the ballfield.
</s>

<seg>

<seg type="preamble">
 <seg>Sigmund, <seg type="patronym">the son of Volsung</seg>, was a king in Frankish country.</seg>
 <seg>Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons ...</seg>
 <seg>Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ... </seg>
</seg>

17.4.1. Aligning Synchronous Events

<u who="#a"> So you're <unclear synch="#u-b1"/>
</u>
<u who="#b">
 <seg xml:id="u-b1"> It will be </seg> nice in a way, but,
<seg synch="#u-a3"> be strange. </seg>
</u>
<u who="#a">
 <seg xml:id="u-a3"> Yeah </seg>, yeah, cos it,
its <seg synch="#u-b2"> the </seg>
</u>
<u xml:id="u-b2" who="#b"> not </u>

17.5.1. Correspondence

<title xml:id="SHIRLEY">Shirley</title>, which made
its Friday night debut only a month ago, was
not listed on <name xml:id="NBC">NBC</name>'s new schedule,
although <seg corresp="#NBC" xml:id="NETWORK">the network</seg>
says <seg corresp="#SHIRLEY" xml:id="SHOW">the show</seg>
still is being considered.

17.5.1. Correspondence

<title xml:id="shirley">Shirley</title>, which made
its Friday night debut only a month ago, was not
listed on <name xml:id="nbc">NBC</name>'s new schedule,
although <seg xml:id="network">the network</seg> says
<seg xml:id="show">the show</seg> still is being considered.

<linkGrp type="anaphoric_link"
 targFunc="antecedent anaphor">
 <link target="#shirley #show"/>
 <link target="#nbc #network"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:id="div-e" xml:lang="en"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e_1">According to our survey, 1988 sales of mineral
     water and soft drinks were much higher than in 1987,
     reflecting the growing popularity of these products. Cola
     drink manufacturers in particular achieved above-average
     growth rates.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_2">The higher turnover was largely due to an
     increase in the sales volume.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_3">Employment and investment levels also climbed.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e_4">Following a two-year transitional period, the new
     Foodstuffs Ordinance for Mineral Water came into effect on
     April 1, 1988. Specifically, it contains more stringent
     requirements regarding quality consistency and purity
     guarantees.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="div-f" xml:lang="fr"
 type="subsection">
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="f_1">Quant aux eaux minérales et aux limonades,
     elles rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes. En effet, notre
     sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement
     supérieures à celles de 1987, pour les
     boissons à base de cola notamment.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_2">La progression des chiffres d'affaires
     résulte en grande partie de l'accroissement du volume
     des ventes.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_3">L'emploi et les investissements ont
     également augmenté.</seg>
  <seg xml:id="f_4">La nouvelle ordonnance fédérale sur
     les denrées alimentaires concernant entre autres les
     eaux minérales, entrée en vigueur le 1er avril
     1988 après une période transitoire de deux
     ans, exige surtout une plus grande constance dans la
     qualité et une garantie de la pureté.</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<linkGrp type="alignment"
 domains="#div-e #div-f">
 <link target="#e_1 #f_1"/>
 <link target="#e_2 #f_2"/>
 <link target="#e_3 #f_3"/>
 <link target="#e_4 #f_4"/>
</linkGrp>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<div xml:id="e98" xml:lang="en"
 type="lesson">
 <head>The Study</head>
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="e9801">The Study</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9802">is a place</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9803">where a Student,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9804">a part from men,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9805">sitteth alone,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9806">addicted to his Studies,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9807">whilst he readeth</seg>
  <seg xml:id="e9808">Books,</seg>
 </p>
</div>
<div xml:id="l98" xml:lang="la"
 type="lesson">
 <head>Muséum</head>
 <p>
  <seg xml:id="l9801">Museum</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9802">est locus</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9803">ubi Studiosus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9804">secretus ab hominibus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9805">solus sedet,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9806">Studiis deditus,</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9807">dum lectitat</seg>
  <seg xml:id="l9808">Libros,</seg>
 </p>
</div>

17.5.3. A Three-way Alignment

<!--... --><seg xml:id="xe9803">where a <ref n="2" target="#xp982">Student</ref>,</seg>
<seg xml:id="xl9803">ubi <ref n="2" target="#xp982">Studiosus</ref>,</seg>
<!--... -->

17.6. Identical Elements and Virtual Copies

<sp>
 <speaker>Mikado</speaker>
 <l>My <seg xml:id="Mik-L1s">object all sublime</seg>
 </l>
 <l>I shall <seg xml:id="Mik-L2s">achieve in time</seg>—</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-L3">To let <seg xml:id="L3s">the punishment fit the crime</seg>,</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l4">
  <seg copyOf="#Mik-L3s"/>;</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l5">And make each pris'ner pent</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l6">Unwillingly represent</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l7">A source <seg xml:id="Mik-l7s">of innocent merriment</seg>,</l>
 <l xml:id="Mik-l8">
  <seg copyOf="#Mik-l7s"/>!</l>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Chorus</speaker>
 <l>His <seg copyOf="#Mik-L1s"/>
 </l>
 <l>He will <seg copyOf="#Mik-L2s"/>
 </l>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-L3"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l4"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l5"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l6"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l7"/>
 <l copyOf="#Mik-l8"/>
</sp>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u select="#fun3">We had
 <seg exclude="#sun3" xml:id="fun3"
   type="word">fun</seg>
  <seg exclude="#fun3" xml:id="sun3"
   type="word">sun</seg>
   at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<div type="interview">
 <u>We had
 <seg select="#id-f" type="word">
   <seg exclude="#id-s" xml:id="id-f"
    type="character">f</seg>
   <seg exclude="#id-f" xml:id="id-s"
    type="character">s</seg>
     un</seg>
   at the beach today.</u>
</div>

17.8. Alternation

<u>
 <seg exclude="#lee" xml:id="we" type="word">We</seg>
 <seg exclude="#we #sun" xml:id="lee"
  type="word">Lee</seg>
had
<seg exclude="#sun" xml:id="fun"
  type="word">fun</seg>
 <seg exclude="#fun #lee" xml:id="sun"
  type="word">sun</seg>
at the beach today.
</u>

17.8. Alternation

<u>
 <seg exclude="#lee2" xml:id="we2"
  type="word">We</seg>
 <seg exclude="#we2" xml:id="lee2"
  type="word">Lee</seg>
had
<seg exclude="#sun2" xml:id="fun2"
  type="word">fun</seg>
 <seg exclude="#fun2" xml:id="sun2"
  type="word">sun</seg>
at the beach today.
</u>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#we2 #lee2"/>
 <alt target="#fun2 #sun2"/>
 <alt target="#we2 #fun2" mode="incl"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#lee2 #fun2" mode="incl"
  weights="1.0 0.6"/>
</altGrp>

17.8. Alternation

<div xml:id="bm" type="song">
 <l>Her skin is tender as
 <seg xml:id="dm">Dimaggio's</seg>
  <seg xml:id="lt">a leather</seg>
  <seg xml:id="bb">a baseball</seg>
   glove,</l>
 <l xml:id="rl">and she bats from right to left.</l>
 <l xml:id="db">now ain't that too damn bad.</l>
</div>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#dm #lt #bb" mode="excl"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#rl #db" mode="excl"
  weights="0.50 0.50"/>
</altGrp>
<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#dm #rl" weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#lt #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#bb #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#dm #db" weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#lt #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#bb #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<seg type="adjective">
 <seg type="base">
  <seg type="prefix">com</seg>
  <seg type="morph">fort</seg>
 </seg>
 <seg type="suffix">able</seg>
</seg>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="MarQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point ... </s>
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable ... </s>
 <seg xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s3-5"
  ana="#moment">
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration ... </s>
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground ... </s>
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time ... </s>
</p>
<interp xml:id="moment">the moment</interp>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="PP1">
 <seg xml:id="SS1-SS3" ana="#INTRO">
  <s xml:id="SS1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="SS4A" ana="#CONFLICT">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="SS4B" ana="#CLIMAX">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <seg xml:id="SS5-SS17" ana="#REVENGE">
  <s xml:id="SS5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 </seg>
</p>
<anchor xml:id="NIL1" ana="#RECONCIL"/>
<p xml:id="PP2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<join xml:id="PP2-PP4"
 target="#PP2 #PP3 #PP4" ana="#AFTERM"/>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<p>
 <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg>critic, you have frowned, Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg>with this key Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg>the melody Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</p>

21.1. Multiple Encodings of the Same Information

<p>
 <seg>Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children And a
   first-rate body—pointed her finger at the back of one certain man and
   asked me, "Is that guy a psychiatrist?" and by god he was!</seg>
</p>
<p>
 <seg>"Yes," She said, "He <emph>looks</emph> like a
   psychiatrist."</seg>
</p>
<p>
 <seg>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</seg>
</p>

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<p>
 <seg>
  <lb n="1"/>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>; <seg>critic, you have
   frowned, <lb n="2"/>Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg>with this
   key <lb n="3"/>Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg>the melody
 <lb n="4"/>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's
   wound.</seg>
</p>

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<lg
   xmlns:hr="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
 <l>
  <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
  <hr:s sID="s02"/>critic, you have frowned, </l>
 <l>Mindless of its just honours; <hr:s eID="s02"/>
  <hr:s sID="s03"/>with this key </l>
 <l>Shakespeare unlocked his heart; <hr:s eID="s03"/>
  <hr:s sID="s04"/>the melody </l>
 <l>Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound. <hr:s eID="s04"/>
 </l>
</lg>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<l>
 <seg n="sentence1">Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg n="sentence2">critic, you have frowned,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg n="sentence2">Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg n="sentence3">with this key</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg n="sentence3">Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg n="sentence4">the melody</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg n="sentence4">Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</l>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<l>
 <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg next="#s2b" xml:id="s2a">critic, you have frowned,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg prev="#s2a" xml:id="s2b">Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg next="#s3b" xml:id="s3a">with this key</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg prev="#s3a" xml:id="s3b">Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg next="#s4b" xml:id="s4a">the melody</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg prev="#s4a" xml:id="s4b">Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</l>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<l>
 <seg>Scorn not the sonnet;</seg>
 <seg part="I">critic, you have frowned,</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg part="F">Mindless of its just honours;</seg>
 <seg part="I">with this key</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg part="F">Shakespeare unlocked his heart;</seg>
 <seg part="I">the melody</seg>
</l>
<l>
 <seg part="F">Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound.</seg>
</l>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<lg>
 <l>
  <seg part="I">Catholic woman of twenty-seven with five children</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="M">And a first-rate body—pointed her finger</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="M">at the back of one certain man and asked me,</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="F">"<seg>Is that guy a psychiatrist?</seg>" and by god he was!</seg>
  <seg part="I">"<seg part="I">Yes,</seg>"</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg part="F">She said, "<seg part="F">He <emph>looks</emph> like a psychiatrist.</seg>"</seg>
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg>Grown quiet, I looked at his pink back, and thought.</seg>
 </l>
</lg>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<when>

<when> indicates a point in time either relative to other elements in the same timeline tag, or absolutely. [17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

absolute absolute⚓︎
supplies an absolute value for the time.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.w3c

Note

This attribute should always be specified on a when element which serves as the target for the origin attribute of a timeline.

unit unit⚓︎
specifies the unit of time in which the interval value is expressed, if this is not inherited from the parent timeline.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

d

(days)

h

(hours)

min

(minutes)

s

(seconds)

ms

(milliseconds)

interval interval⚓︎
specifies a time interval either as a number or as one of the keywords defined by the datatype teidata.interval.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.interval

since since⚓︎
identifies the reference point for determining the time of the current when element, which is obtained by adding the interval to the time of the reference point.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

This attribute should point to another when element in the same timeline. If no value is supplied, and the absolute attribute is also unspecified, then the reference point is understood to be the origin of the enclosing timeline tag.

Contained by

linking: timeline

May contain
Empty element

Note

On this element, the global xml:id attribute must be supplied to specify an identifier for this point in time. The value used may be chosen freely provided that it is unique within the document and is a syntactically valid name. There is no requirement for values containing numbers to be in sequence.

Example

<when xml:id="TW3" interval="20" since="#w2"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element when
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute absolute { teidata.temporal.w3c }?,
   attribute unit { "d" | "h" | "min" | "s" | "ms" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute interval { teidata.interval }?,
   attribute since { teidata.pointer }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <when>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <when> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <when> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline unit="s" origin="#TS-P1">
 <when xml:id="TS-P1"
  absolute="12:20:01+01:00"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-P2" interval="4.5"
  since="#TS-P1"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-P6"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-P3" interval="1.5"
  since="#TS-P6"/>
</timeline>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#ts-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="ts-p1"
  absolute="12:20:01+01:00"/>
 <when synch="#ts-u1" xml:id="ts-p2"
  interval="4.5" since="#ts-p1"/>
 <when synch="#ts-x1" xml:id="ts-p6"/>
 <when synch="#ts-u1" xml:id="ts-p3"
  interval="1.5" since="#ts-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="ts-u1">This is my <anchor xml:id="ts-x1"/> turn</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-p1" absolute="12:20:01"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p2" interval="4.5"
  since="#TS-p1"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p6"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p3" interval="1.5"
  since="#TS-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="TS-u1">
 <anchor xml:id="TS-u1start"/>
This is my <anchor xml:id="TS-x1"/> turn
<anchor xml:id="TS-u1end"/>
</u>
<linkGrp type="synchronous">
 <link target="#TS-u1start #TS-p1"/>
 <link target="#TS-u1end #TS-p2"/>
 <link target="#TS-x1 #TS-p6"/>
</linkGrp>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-t01" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-t01" absolute="15:33:01Z"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-t02" interval="2.5"
  since="#TS-t01"/>
</timeline>
<u who="#tom">I used to smoke
<anchor synch="#TS-t01"/>a lot more than this
<anchor synch="#TS-t02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <anchor synch="#TS-t01"/>You used to smoke<anchor synch="#TS-t02"/>
</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-T01">
 <when synch="#TS-nm1 #bob-u2"
  xml:id="TS-T01"/>
 <when synch="#TS-nm2 #bob-u2"
  xml:id="TS-T02"/>
</timeline>
<u who="#tom">I used to smoke
<anchor xml:id="TS-nm1"/>a lot more than this
<anchor xml:id="TS-nm2"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u xml:id="bob-u2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<body>
 <timeline origin="#T001">
  <when xml:id="T001"/>
  <when xml:id="T002"/>
 </timeline>
 <u who="#tom">I used to smoke
 <anchor xml:id="NM01"/>a lot more than this
 <anchor xml:id="NM02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
 <u xml:id="bob-U2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>
 <linkGrp type="synchronize">
  <link target="#T001 #NM01 #bob-U2"/>
  <link target="#T002 #NM02 #bob-U2"/>
 </linkGrp>
</body>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TSp1">
 <when synch="#TSa1 #TSb1 #TSc1"
  xml:id="TSp1"/>
 <when synch="#TSa2 #TSc2" xml:id="TSp2"/>
</timeline>
<!-- ... -->
<u who="#stig">this is <anchor xml:id="TSa1"/> my <anchor xml:id="TSa2"/> turn</u>
<u who="#jane" xml:id="TSb1">balderdash</u>
<u who="#lou" xml:id="TSc1"> no <anchor xml:id="TSc2"/> it's mine</u>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time

<timeline xml:id="tL1" origin="#w0"
 unit="ms">
 <when xml:id="w0" absolute="11:30:00"/>
 <when xml:id="w1" interval="unknown"
  since="#w0"/>
 <when xml:id="w2" interval="100"
  since="#w1"/>
 <when xml:id="w3" interval="200"
  since="#w2"/>
 <when xml:id="w4" interval="150"
  since="#w3"/>
 <when xml:id="w5" interval="250"
  since="#w4"/>
 <when xml:id="w6" interval="100"
  since="#w5"/>
</timeline>

<when>

<when xml:id="TW3" interval="20" since="#w2"/>

<when>

<when xml:id="fr_TW3" interval="20"
 since="#fr_w2"/>

<when>

<when xml:id="zh-tw_TW3" interval="20"
 since="#zh-tw_w2"/>

<timeline>

<timeline xml:id="TL01" unit="ms">
 <when xml:id="TL-w0" absolute="11:30:00"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w1" interval="unknown"
  since="#TL-w0"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w2" interval="100"
  since="#TL-w1"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w3" interval="200"
  since="#TL-w2"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w4" interval="150"
  since="#TL-w3"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w5" interval="250"
  since="#TL-w4"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w6" interval="100"
  since="#TL-w5"/>
</timeline>

<timeline>

<timeline xml:id="fr_TL01"
 origin="#fr_TL-w0" unit="ms">
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w0"
  absolute="11:30:00"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w1" interval="unknown"
  since="#fr_TL-w0"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w2" interval="100"
  since="#fr_TL-w1"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w3" interval="200"
  since="#fr_TL-w2"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w4" interval="150"
  since="#fr_TL-w3"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w5" interval="250"
  since="#fr_TL-w4"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w6" interval="100"
  since="#fr_TL-w5"/>
</timeline>

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C Elements

<timeline>

<timeline> (timeline) provides a set of ordered points in time which can be linked to elements of a spoken text to create a temporal alignment of that text. [17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

origin origin⚓︎
designates the origin of the timeline, i.e. the time at which it begins.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

If this attribute is not supplied, the implication is that the time of origin is not known. If it is supplied, it must point either to one of the when elements in its content, or to another timeline element.

unit unit⚓︎
specifies the unit of time corresponding to the interval value of the timeline or of its constituent points in time.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

d

(days)

h

(hours)

min

(minutes)

s

(seconds)

ms

(milliseconds)

interval interval⚓︎
specifies a time interval either as a positive integral value or using one of a set of predefined codes.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.interval

Note

The value irregular indicates uncertainty about all the intervals in the timeline; the value regular indicates that all the intervals are evenly spaced, but the size of the intervals is not known; numeric values indicate evenly spaced values of the size specified. If individual points in time in the timeline are given different values for the interval attribute, those values locally override the value given in the timeline.

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

linking: when

Example

<timeline xml:id="TL01" unit="ms">
 <when xml:id="TL-w0" absolute="11:30:00"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w1" interval="unknown"
  since="#TL-w0"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w2" interval="100"
  since="#TL-w1"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w3" interval="200"
  since="#TL-w2"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w4" interval="150"
  since="#TL-w3"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w5" interval="250"
  since="#TL-w4"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w6" interval="100"
  since="#TL-w5"/>
</timeline>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="when" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element timeline
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   attribute origin { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute unit { "d" | "h" | "min" | "s" | "ms" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute interval { teidata.interval }?,
   when+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <timeline> (timeline)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <timeline> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <timeline> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

8. Transcriptions of Speech

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline unit="s" origin="#TS-P1">
 <when xml:id="TS-P1"
  absolute="12:20:01+01:00"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-P2" interval="4.5"
  since="#TS-P1"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-P6"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-P3" interval="1.5"
  since="#TS-P6"/>
</timeline>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#ts-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="ts-p1"
  absolute="12:20:01+01:00"/>
 <when synch="#ts-u1" xml:id="ts-p2"
  interval="4.5" since="#ts-p1"/>
 <when synch="#ts-x1" xml:id="ts-p6"/>
 <when synch="#ts-u1" xml:id="ts-p3"
  interval="1.5" since="#ts-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="ts-u1">This is my <anchor xml:id="ts-x1"/> turn</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-p1" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-p1" absolute="12:20:01"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p2" interval="4.5"
  since="#TS-p1"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p6"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-p3" interval="1.5"
  since="#TS-p6"/>
</timeline>
<u xml:id="TS-u1">
 <anchor xml:id="TS-u1start"/>
This is my <anchor xml:id="TS-x1"/> turn
<anchor xml:id="TS-u1end"/>
</u>
<linkGrp type="synchronous">
 <link target="#TS-u1start #TS-p1"/>
 <link target="#TS-u1end #TS-p2"/>
 <link target="#TS-x1 #TS-p6"/>
</linkGrp>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-t01" unit="s">
 <when xml:id="TS-t01" absolute="15:33:01Z"/>
 <when xml:id="TS-t02" interval="2.5"
  since="#TS-t01"/>
</timeline>
<u who="#tom">I used to smoke
<anchor synch="#TS-t01"/>a lot more than this
<anchor synch="#TS-t02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u who="#bob">
 <anchor synch="#TS-t01"/>You used to smoke<anchor synch="#TS-t02"/>
</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TS-T01">
 <when synch="#TS-nm1 #bob-u2"
  xml:id="TS-T01"/>
 <when synch="#TS-nm2 #bob-u2"
  xml:id="TS-T02"/>
</timeline>
<u who="#tom">I used to smoke
<anchor xml:id="TS-nm1"/>a lot more than this
<anchor xml:id="TS-nm2"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
<u xml:id="bob-u2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<body>
 <timeline origin="#T001">
  <when xml:id="T001"/>
  <when xml:id="T002"/>
 </timeline>
 <u who="#tom">I used to smoke
 <anchor xml:id="NM01"/>a lot more than this
 <anchor xml:id="NM02"/>but I never inhaled the smoke</u>
 <u xml:id="bob-U2" who="#bob">You used to smoke</u>
 <linkGrp type="synchronize">
  <link target="#T001 #NM01 #bob-U2"/>
  <link target="#T002 #NM02 #bob-U2"/>
 </linkGrp>
</body>

8.4.2. Synchronization and Overlap

<timeline origin="#TSp1">
 <when synch="#TSa1 #TSb1 #TSc1"
  xml:id="TSp1"/>
 <when synch="#TSa2 #TSc2" xml:id="TSp2"/>
</timeline>
<!-- ... -->
<u who="#stig">this is <anchor xml:id="TSa1"/> my <anchor xml:id="TSa2"/> turn</u>
<u who="#jane" xml:id="TSb1">balderdash</u>
<u who="#lou" xml:id="TSc1"> no <anchor xml:id="TSc2"/> it's mine</u>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.5.5. Timeline

<profileDesc>
 <particDesc>
  <listPerson>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u001">
    <persName type="userName">M</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:M</note>
   </person>
<!-- more persons -->
   <person role="user" xml:id="u006">
    <persName type="userName">P</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:P</note>
   </person>
   <person role="user" xml:id="u007">
    <persName type="userName">PKP</persName>
    <note type="link">/wiki/User:Pi</note>
   </person>
  </listPerson>
 </particDesc>
 <textDesc>
  <channel/>
  <constitution/>
  <derivation/>
  <domain/>
  <factuality/>
  <interaction>
   <timeline>
    <when xml:id="t001"
     absolute="2011-03-23T19:56:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t002"
     absolute="2011-06-14T21:22:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t003"
     absolute="2011-06-14T23:28:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t004"
     absolute="2011-07-02T07:20:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t005"
     absolute="2011-07-21T01:00:00"/>
    <when xml:id="t006"
     absolute="2014-04-08T01:35:00"/>
   </timeline>
  </interaction>
  <preparedness/>
  <purpose/>
 </textDesc>
</profileDesc>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.4.2. Placing Synchronous Events in Time

<timeline xml:id="tL1" origin="#w0"
 unit="ms">
 <when xml:id="w0" absolute="11:30:00"/>
 <when xml:id="w1" interval="unknown"
  since="#w0"/>
 <when xml:id="w2" interval="100"
  since="#w1"/>
 <when xml:id="w3" interval="200"
  since="#w2"/>
 <when xml:id="w4" interval="150"
  since="#w3"/>
 <when xml:id="w5" interval="250"
  since="#w4"/>
 <when xml:id="w6" interval="100"
  since="#w5"/>
</timeline>

<timeline>

<timeline xml:id="TL01" unit="ms">
 <when xml:id="TL-w0" absolute="11:30:00"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w1" interval="unknown"
  since="#TL-w0"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w2" interval="100"
  since="#TL-w1"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w3" interval="200"
  since="#TL-w2"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w4" interval="150"
  since="#TL-w3"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w5" interval="250"
  since="#TL-w4"/>
 <when xml:id="TL-w6" interval="100"
  since="#TL-w5"/>
</timeline>

<timeline>

<timeline xml:id="fr_TL01"
 origin="#fr_TL-w0" unit="ms">
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w0"
  absolute="11:30:00"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w1" interval="unknown"
  since="#fr_TL-w0"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w2" interval="100"
  since="#fr_TL-w1"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w3" interval="200"
  since="#fr_TL-w2"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w4" interval="150"
  since="#fr_TL-w3"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w5" interval="250"
  since="#fr_TL-w4"/>
 <when xml:id="fr_TL-w6" interval="100"
  since="#fr_TL-w5"/>
</timeline>

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C Elements

<join>

<join> (join) identifies a possibly fragmented segment of text, by pointing at the possibly discontiguous elements which compose it. [17.7. Aggregation]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

result result⚓︎
specifies the name of an element which this aggregation may be understood to represent.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.name

scope scope⚓︎
indicates whether the targets to be joined include the entire element indicated (the entire subtree including its root), or just the children of the target (the branches of the subtree).

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

root

the rooted subtrees indicated by the target attribute are joined, each subtree become a child of the virtual element created by the join [Default]

branches

the children of the subtrees indicated by the target attribute become the children of the virtual element (i.e. the roots of the subtrees are discarded)

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab joinGrp seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: desc

Example

The following example is discussed in section 17.7. Aggregation:

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog_l1 #frog_l2 #frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

Show all ⚓︎

The join element here identifies a linegroup (lg) comprising the three lines indicated by the target attribute. The value root for the scope attribute indicates that the resulting virtual element contains the three l elements linked to at #frog_l1 #frog_l2 #frog_l3, rather than their character data content.

Example

In this example, the attribute scope is specified with the value of branches to indicate that the virtual list being constructed is to be made by taking the lists indicated by the target attribute of the join element, discarding the list tags which enclose them, and combining the items contained within the lists into a single virtual list:

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="LST1"
 target="#LP1 #LP2 #LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:join">
<sch:assert test="contains( normalize-space( @target ),' ')"> You must supply at least two values for @target on <sch:name/>
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.certLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element join
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute result { teidata.name }?,
   attribute scope { "root" | "branches" }?,
   ( model.descLike | model.certLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <join> (join)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <join> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <join> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

6. Verse

7. Performance Texts

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

6. Verse

6.3. Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses

<lg type="couplet">
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said1">Our lives</seg>, ſaid he,
 <seg xml:id="eg2-said2">wee'll give before we yield</seg>,
 </l>
 <l>
  <seg xml:id="eg2-said3">Wee'll win your battles, or dye in the field</seg>.
 </l>
</lg>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="said" scope="root"
  target="#eg2-said1 #eg2-said2 #eg2-said3"/>
</p>

7. Performance Texts

7.2.6. Embedded Structures

<text>
 <body>
  <div1 n="4" type="act">
   <div2 n="5" type="scene">
    <stage type="setting">Elsinore. A room in the Castle.</stage>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>How now, Ophelia?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <stage type="delivery">Singing</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL1" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>How should I your true-love know</l>
      <l>From another one?</l>
      <l>By his cockle hat and staff</l>
      <l>And his sandal shoon.</l>
     </lg>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Queen</speaker>
     <p>Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?</p>
    </sp>
    <sp>
     <speaker>Ophelia</speaker>
     <p>Say you? Nay, pray you mark.</p>
     <stage type="delivery">Sings</stage>
     <lg xml:id="TL2" type="song" part="Y">
      <l>He is dead and gone, lady,</l>
      <l>He is dead and gone;</l>
      <l>At his head a grass-green turf,</l>
      <l>At his heels a stone.</l>
     </lg>
     <p>O, ho!</p>
     <join type="lg" target="#TL1 #TL2"/>
    </sp>
   </div2>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.7. Aggregation

<join target="#qs3 #qs4" result="s"/>

17.7. Aggregation

<list>
 <head>Authors</head>
 <item xml:id="a_uf">Figge, Udo </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ch">Heibach, Christiane </item>
 <item xml:id="a_gh">Heyer, Gerhard </item>
 <item xml:id="a_bp">Philipp, Bettina </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ms">Samiec, Monika </item>
 <item xml:id="a_ss">Schierholz, Stefan </item>
</list>
<join target="#a_ch #a_bp #a_ss"
 result="list">
 <desc>Authors from Heidelberg</desc>
</join>

17.7. Aggregation

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go?
 <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog-L2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog-L1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>...
  <l xml:id="frog-L3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog-L1 #frog-L2 #frog-L3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

17.7. Aggregation

<joinGrp domains="#mfkfhungry #mfkfhungry"
 result="s">
 <join target="#qs3 #qs4"/>
 <join target="#qs5 #qs6"/>
</joinGrp>

17.7. Aggregation

<joinGrp result="q">
 <join target="#zuiq1 #zuiq2 #zuiq4 #zuiq7">
  <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
 </join>
 <join target="#zuiq3 #zuiq5 #zuiq6">
  <desc>what Master said</desc>
 </join>
</joinGrp>

17.7. Aggregation

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#frog_l1 #frog_l2 #frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>Hughie</speaker>
 <p>How does it go? <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_x1">da-da-da</l>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l2">gets a new frog</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Louie</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="fr_frog_l1">When the old pond</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>Dewey</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="fr_frog_l3">It's a new pond.</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#fr_frog_l1 #fr_frog_l2 #fr_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="fr_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="fr_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="fr_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as
borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="fr_LST1"
 target="#fr_LP1 #fr_LP2 #fr_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

<join>

<sp>
 <speaker>休</speaker>
 <p>怎麼樣了？<q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_x1">呱、呱、呱</l>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l2">有新來的青蛙</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>路易</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>
   <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l1">以前的池塘</l>
   <l>...</l>
  </q>
 </p>
</sp>
<sp>
 <speaker>迪威</speaker>
 <p>
  <q>... <l xml:id="zh-tw_frog_l3">有新的池塘</l>
  </q>
 </p>
 <join target="#zh-tw_frog_l1 #zh-tw_frog_l2 #zh-tw_frog_l3"
  result="lg" scope="root"/>
</sp>

<join>

<p>台灣譯為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>艾蜜莉的異想世界</s>
  </item>
 </list> ；香港譯作<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>天使愛美麗</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<p>中國大陸則名為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>阿梅麗的奇妙命運</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="zh-tw_LST1"
 target="#zh-tw_LP1 #zh-tw_LP2 #zh-tw_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>電影Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain的中港台譯名</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="LST1"
 target="#LP1 #LP2 #LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

<joinGrp>

<joinGrp domains="#zuitxt1 #zuitxt2 #zuitxt3"
 result="q">
 <join target="#zuiq1 #zuiq2 #zuiq6"/>
 <join target="#zuiq3 #zuiq4 #zuiq5"/>
</joinGrp>

<joinGrp>

<joinGrp domains="#zuitxt1 #zuitxt2 #zuitxt3"
 result="q">
 <join target="#fr_zuiq1 #fr_zuiq2 #fr_zuiq6"/>
 <join target="#fr_zuiq3 #fr_zuiq4 #fr_zuiq5"/>
</joinGrp>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="PP1">
 <seg xml:id="SS1-SS3" ana="#INTRO">
  <s xml:id="SS1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="SS4A" ana="#CONFLICT">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="SS4B" ana="#CLIMAX">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <seg xml:id="SS5-SS17" ana="#REVENGE">
  <s xml:id="SS5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 </seg>
</p>
<anchor xml:id="NIL1" ana="#RECONCIL"/>
<p xml:id="PP2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<join xml:id="PP2-PP4"
 target="#PP2 #PP3 #PP4" ana="#AFTERM"/>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<l>
 <w xml:id="w01">Scorn</w>
 <w xml:id="w02">not</w>
 <w xml:id="w03">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w04">sonnet</w>; <w xml:id="w05">critic</w>, <w xml:id="w06">you</w>
 <w xml:id="w07">have</w>
 <w xml:id="w08">frowned</w>,
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w09">Mindless</w>
 <w xml:id="w10">of</w>
 <w xml:id="w11">its</w>
 <w xml:id="w12">just</w>
 <w xml:id="w13">honours</w>; <w xml:id="w14">with</w>
 <w xml:id="w15">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w16">key</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w17">Shakespeare</w>
 <w xml:id="w18">unlocked</w>
 <w xml:id="w19">his</w>
 <w xml:id="w20">heart</w>; <w xml:id="w21">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w22">melody</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w23">Of</w>
 <w xml:id="w24">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w25">small</w>
 <w xml:id="w26">lute</w>
 <w xml:id="w27">gave</w>
 <w xml:id="w28">ease</w>
 <w xml:id="w29">to</w>
 <w xml:id="w30">Petrarch's</w>
 <w xml:id="w31">wound</w>.
</l>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w01 #w02 #w03 #w04"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w05 #w06 #w07 #w08 #w09 #w10 #w11 #w12 #w13"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w14 #w15 #w16 #w17 #w18 #w19 #w20"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w21 #w22 #w23 #w24 #w25 #w26 #w27 #w28 #w29 #w30 #w31"/>
</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<joinGrp>

<joinGrp> (join group) groups a collection of join elements and possibly pointers. [17.7. Aggregation]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.pointing.group

@domains

@targFunc

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

result result⚓︎
supplies the default value for the result on each join included within the group.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.name

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: desc gloss ptr

linking: join

tagdocs: equiv

Note

Any number of join or ptr elements.

Example

<joinGrp domains="#zuitxt1 #zuitxt2 #zuitxt3"
 result="q">
 <join target="#zuiq1 #zuiq2 #zuiq6"/>
 <join target="#zuiq3 #zuiq4 #zuiq5"/>
</joinGrp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="equiv"/>
   <elementRef key="gloss"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="join"/>
   <elementRef key="ptr"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element joinGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.pointing.group.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute result { teidata.name }?,
   ( ( equiv | gloss | model.descLike )*, ( join | ptr )+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <joinGrp> (join group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <joinGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <joinGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.7. Aggregation

<joinGrp domains="#mfkfhungry #mfkfhungry"
 result="s">
 <join target="#qs3 #qs4"/>
 <join target="#qs5 #qs6"/>
</joinGrp>

17.7. Aggregation

<joinGrp result="q">
 <join target="#zuiq1 #zuiq2 #zuiq4 #zuiq7">
  <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
 </join>
 <join target="#zuiq3 #zuiq5 #zuiq6">
  <desc>what Master said</desc>
 </join>
</joinGrp>

17.7. Aggregation

<text>
 <body>
<!-- five div1 elements -->
  <div1>
   <p>Zui-Gan called out to himself every day, <q>Master.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Then he answered himself, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>And then he added, <q>Become sober.</q>
   </p>
   <p>Again he answered, <q>Yes, sir.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>And after that,</q> he continued, <q>do not be deceived by others.</q>
   </p>
   <p>
    <q>Yes, sir; yes, sir,</q> he replied.</p>
   <ab type="aggregation">
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq1"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[1]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq2"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[2]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq3"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[3]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq4"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[4]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq5"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[1])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq6"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[5]/q[2])"/>
    <ptr xml:id="rzuiq7"
     target="#xpath(//div1[6]/p[6]/q[1])"/>
    <joinGrp evaluate="one" result="q">
     <join target="#rzuiq1 #rzuiq2 #rzuiq4 #rzuiq7">
      <desc>what Zui-Gan said</desc>
     </join>
     <join target="#rzuiq3 #rzuiq5 #rzuiq6">
      <desc>what Master said</desc>
     </join>
    </joinGrp>
   </ab>
  </div1>
 </body>
</text>

<joinGrp>

<joinGrp domains="#zuitxt1 #zuitxt2 #zuitxt3"
 result="q">
 <join target="#zuiq1 #zuiq2 #zuiq6"/>
 <join target="#zuiq3 #zuiq4 #zuiq5"/>
</joinGrp>

<joinGrp>

<joinGrp domains="#zuitxt1 #zuitxt2 #zuitxt3"
 result="q">
 <join target="#fr_zuiq1 #fr_zuiq2 #fr_zuiq6"/>
 <join target="#fr_zuiq3 #fr_zuiq4 #fr_zuiq5"/>
</joinGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<alt>

<alt> (alternation) identifies an alternation or a set of choices among elements or passages. [17.8. Alternation]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

target target⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
2–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

mode mode⚓︎
states whether the alternations gathered in this collection are exclusive or inclusive.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

excl

(exclusive) indicates that the alternation is exclusive, i.e. that at most one of the alternatives occurs.

incl

(inclusive) indicates that the alternation is not exclusive, i.e. that one or more of the alternatives occur.

weights weights⚓︎
If mode is excl, each weight states the probability that the corresponding alternative occurs. If mode is incl each weight states the probability that the corresponding alternative occurs given that at least one of the other alternatives occurs.

Status
Optional

Datatype
2–∞ occurrences of teidata.probability separated by whitespace

Note

If mode is excl, the sum of weights must be 1. If mode is incl, the sum of weights must be in the range from 0 to the number of alternants.

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab altGrp seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Example

<alt mode="excl" target="#we.fun #we.sun"
 weights="0.5 0.5"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element alt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute target
   {
      list { teidata.pointer, teidata.pointer, teidata.pointer* }
   }?,
   attribute mode { "excl" | "incl" }?,
   attribute weights
   {
      list { teidata.probability, teidata.probability, teidata.probability* }
   }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <alt> (alternation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <alt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <alt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.4.6. Alternative Readings

Alone <seg xml:id="alt1">before</seg>
<add place="above" xml:id="alt2">beside</add> his native river —

<alt target="#alt1 #alt2" mode="excl"
 weights="0 1"/>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.8. Alternation

<alt target="#a #b" mode="excl"/>

17.8. Alternation

<alt target="#we.had.fun #we.had.sun"
 mode="excl"/>

17.8. Alternation

<alt target="#we.fun #we.had.sun"
 mode="excl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>

17.8. Alternation

<u xml:id="we.fun">We had fun at the beach today.</u>
<u xml:id="we.sun">We had sun at the beach today.</u>
<alt target="#we.fun #we.sun" mode="excl"
 weights="1 0"/>

17.8. Alternation

<u>
 <seg exclude="#lee2" xml:id="we2"
  type="word">We</seg>
 <seg exclude="#we2" xml:id="lee2"
  type="word">Lee</seg>
had
<seg exclude="#sun2" xml:id="fun2"
  type="word">fun</seg>
 <seg exclude="#fun2" xml:id="sun2"
  type="word">sun</seg>
at the beach today.
</u>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#we2 #lee2"/>
 <alt target="#fun2 #sun2"/>
 <alt target="#we2 #fun2" mode="incl"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#lee2 #fun2" mode="incl"
  weights="1.0 0.6"/>
</altGrp>

17.8. Alternation

<div xml:id="bm" type="song">
 <l>Her skin is tender as
 <seg xml:id="dm">Dimaggio's</seg>
  <seg xml:id="lt">a leather</seg>
  <seg xml:id="bb">a baseball</seg>
   glove,</l>
 <l xml:id="rl">and she bats from right to left.</l>
 <l xml:id="db">now ain't that too damn bad.</l>
</div>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#dm #lt #bb" mode="excl"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#rl #db" mode="excl"
  weights="0.50 0.50"/>
</altGrp>
<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#dm #rl" weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#lt #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#bb #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#dm #db" weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#lt #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#bb #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

<alt>

<alt mode="excl" target="#we.fun #we.sun"
 weights="0.5 0.5"/>

<alt>

<alt mode="excl"
 target="#fr_we.fun #fr_we.sun" weights="0.5 0.5"/>

<altGrp>

<altGrp mode="excl">
 <alt target="#dm #lt #bb"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#rl #db" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
</altGrp>

<altGrp>

<altGrp mode="excl">
 <alt target="#fr_dm #fr_lt #fr_bb"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#fr_rl #fr_db"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
</altGrp>

<altGrp>

<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#fr_dm #fr_rl"
  weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#fr_lt #fr_rl"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#fr_bb #fr_rl"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#fr_dm #fr_db"
  weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#fr_lt #fr_db"
  weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#fr_bb #fr_db"
  weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

<altGrp>

<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#dm #rl" weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#lt #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#bb #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#dm #db" weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#lt #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#bb #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<altGrp>

<altGrp> (alternation group) groups a collection of alt elements and possibly pointers. [17.8. Alternation]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.pointing.group

@domains

@targFunc

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

mode mode⚓︎
states whether the alternations gathered in this collection are exclusive or inclusive.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

excl

(exclusive) indicates that the alternation is exclusive, i.e. that at most one of the alternatives occurs. [Default]

incl

(inclusive) indicates that the alternation is not exclusive, i.e. that one or more of the alternatives occur.

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: desc ptr

linking: alt

Note

Any number of alternations, pointers or extended pointers.

Example

<altGrp mode="excl">
 <alt target="#dm #lt #bb"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#rl #db" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
</altGrp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#dm #rl" weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#lt #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#bb #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#dm #db" weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#lt #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#bb #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.descLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="alt"/>
   <elementRef key="ptr"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element altGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.pointing.group.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute mode { "excl" | "incl" }?,
   ( model.descLike*, ( alt | ptr )* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <altGrp> (alternation group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <altGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <altGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.8. Alternation

<u>
 <seg exclude="#lee2" xml:id="we2"
  type="word">We</seg>
 <seg exclude="#we2" xml:id="lee2"
  type="word">Lee</seg>
had
<seg exclude="#sun2" xml:id="fun2"
  type="word">fun</seg>
 <seg exclude="#fun2" xml:id="sun2"
  type="word">sun</seg>
at the beach today.
</u>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#we2 #lee2"/>
 <alt target="#fun2 #sun2"/>
 <alt target="#we2 #fun2" mode="incl"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#lee2 #fun2" mode="incl"
  weights="1.0 0.6"/>
</altGrp>

17.8. Alternation

<div xml:id="bm" type="song">
 <l>Her skin is tender as
 <seg xml:id="dm">Dimaggio's</seg>
  <seg xml:id="lt">a leather</seg>
  <seg xml:id="bb">a baseball</seg>
   glove,</l>
 <l xml:id="rl">and she bats from right to left.</l>
 <l xml:id="db">now ain't that too damn bad.</l>
</div>
<altGrp>
 <alt target="#dm #lt #bb" mode="excl"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#rl #db" mode="excl"
  weights="0.50 0.50"/>
</altGrp>
<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#dm #rl" weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#lt #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#bb #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#dm #db" weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#lt #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#bb #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

<altGrp>

<altGrp mode="excl">
 <alt target="#dm #lt #bb"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#rl #db" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
</altGrp>

<altGrp>

<altGrp mode="excl">
 <alt target="#fr_dm #fr_lt #fr_bb"
  weights="0.5 0.25 0.25"/>
 <alt target="#fr_rl #fr_db"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
</altGrp>

<altGrp>

<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#fr_dm #fr_rl"
  weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#fr_lt #fr_rl"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#fr_bb #fr_rl"
  weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#fr_dm #fr_db"
  weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#fr_lt #fr_db"
  weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#fr_bb #fr_db"
  weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

<altGrp>

<altGrp mode="incl">
 <alt target="#dm #rl" weights="0.90 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#lt #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#bb #rl" weights="0.5 0.5"/>
 <alt target="#dm #db" weights="0.10 0.10"/>
 <alt target="#lt #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
 <alt target="#bb #db" weights="0.45 0.90"/>
</altGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

Home

C Elements

<standOff>

<standOff> Functions as a container element for linked data, contextual information, and stand-off annotations embedded in a TEI document. [17.10. The standOff Container]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.resource

Contained by

core: teiCorpus

textstructure: TEI

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: bibl biblStruct index list listBibl note

dictionaries: entry entryFree superEntry

drama: castList

figures: table

header: biblFull listChange xenoData

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp annotation join joinGrp link linkGrp listAnnotation seg timeline

msdescription: msDesc

namesdates: listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock u

textcrit: listApp listWit

transcr: listTranspose substJoin zone

Example

This example shows an encoding of morphosyntactic features similar to the encoding system used by ISO 24611 (MAF).

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

This example shows an encoding of contextual information which is referred to from the main text.

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:standOff">
<sch:assert test="@type or not(ancestor::tei:standOff)">This
<sch:name/> element must have a @type attribute, since it is
nested inside a <sch:name/>
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.standOffPart"
  minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element standOff
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   model.standOffPart+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

Home

C Elements

Example: <standOff>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <standOff> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <standOff> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.3.3. Quotation

Adolphe se tourna vers lui :
<said who="#Ado" toWhom="#Alb">— Alors, Albert, quoi de neuf?</said>
<said who="#Alb" toWhom="#Ado">— Pas grand-chose.</said>
<said who="#Rob">— Il fait beau,</said> dit Robert.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document -->
<standOff>
 <listPerson type="speakers">
  <person xml:id="Ado">
   <persName>Adolphe</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Alb">
   <persName>Albert</persName>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="Rob">
   <persName>Robert</persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<standOff>
 <listPerson type="fictional">
  <person xml:id="person_FAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>District Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in
       seasons 1 to 10 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing in
       seasons 1 to 5 of <title>Law and Order</title> and seasons 5 to 7
       of <title>Law and Order: Criminal Intent</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Executive Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 1 to 4 of <title>Law
         and Order</title>
   </note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>An Executive Assistant District Attorney then District
       Attorney for <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 5 to 10
       of <title>Law and Order</title>, in seasons 1, 9, 11, and 19 of
   <title>Law and Order: Special Victims Unit</title>, and in
       season 1 of <title>Law and Order: Trial by Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>An Assistant District Attorney for
   <placeName>Manhattan</placeName> in seasons 7 &amp; 8 of
   <title>Law and Order</title>, and a defense attorney in seasons
       10 &amp; 11, and then a judge in <title>Law and Order: Trial by
         Jury</title>.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_FJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>
    <choice>
     <abbr>NYPD</abbr>
     <expan>New York Police
           Department</expan>
    </choice> Detective regularly appearing
       in seasons 15 &amp; 16 of <title>Law and Order</title>.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- == == -->
 <listPerson type="real">
  <person xml:id="person_RAS">
   <persName>Adam Schiff</persName>
   <note>U.S. Representative from California since 2013.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RML">
   <persName>Mike Logan</persName>
   <note>Gridiron football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers from
       2001 to 2006.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RBS">
   <persName>Benjamin Stone</persName>
   <note>Michigan State Senator from 1968 to 1979.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJM">
   <persName>Jack McCoy</persName>
   <note>Iowa State Representative from 1955 to 1959.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJR">
   <persName>Jamie Ross</persName>
   <note>Broadway actor, with occasional forays into television,
       from 1971 to roughly 2007.</note>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="person_RJF">
   <persName>Joe Fontana</persName>
   <note>A member of Canada’s House of Commons from 1987 to 2006,
       and mayor of London, Ontario from 2010 to 2014.</note>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
</standOff>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
 <listEvent>
  <event when="1713"
   ref="https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832/2">
   <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
<!-- The following example presupposes that the editors of the TEI document decided to understand legislation or a treaty as an <gi>event</gi>, which itself may be considered a shortcut for several events that led up to the existence or validity of the law or treaty (e.g. the signing of a treaty could also be modeled as an event, and the result on paper could be encoded as an <gi>object</gi> or <gi>bibl</gi>). -->
   <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay Company</orgName> territories in
   <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>, <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and
       recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
       North American possessions, including
   <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName>
       (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward Island</placeName>)...</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
   <label>Quebec Act</label>
   <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith and restored use of the
       French Civil Code for private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been expanded in territory
       following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
  </event>
  <event when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
   <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
   <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty
       between the newly formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this case, the
   <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
</standOff>

14.3.5. Events

<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
 <listEvent>
  <event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
   when="1942-01">
   <head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
   <head type="short">DB-3F</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
   when="1943-01-03">
   <head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
   <head type="short">B-17</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
   when="1944-03-24">
   <head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
   <head type="short">Lancaster</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
   when="1971-12-04">
   <head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
   <head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
   when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
   <head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
   <head type="short">JAT 367</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   </ab>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
   when="1996">
   <head>SAS parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-BG"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
   when="2004-08-22">
   <head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
   <head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
   </ab>
  </event>
  <event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
   when="2009-05">
   <head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
   <head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
   <ab type="altitude">
    <measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
   </ab>
   <ab type="survivor">
    <persName ref="#p-JB"/>
   </ab>
  </event>
 </listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
 <listPlace>
  <place xml:id="l-GSN">
   <placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Joh">
   <placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>South Africa</country>
    <region type="province">Gauteng</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Kam">
   <placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Russia</country>
    <region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Ken">
   <country>Kenya</country>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
   <placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Deutschland</country>
    <region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
    <region>Arnsberg</region>
    <district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
    <settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
    <geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
   <placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
   <location>
    <country>Peru</country>
    <region>Huánuco</region>
    <district>Puerto Inca</district>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Sch">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
   <location/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Seb">
   <placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
   <name>Eastern Front</name>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
  </place>
  <place xml:id="l-Zam">
   <country>Zambia</country>
  </place>
 </listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="p-VV">
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
   <birth when="1950-01-03"/>
   <death when="2016-12-23"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-IC">
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
   <persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
   <birth when="1916"/>
   <death when="1986"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-AM">
   <persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
   <birth when="1919-01-13"/>
   <death when="2003-12-20"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-NA">
   <persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
   <birth when="1922-12-10"/>
   <death when="1987-06-22"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-BG">
   <persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
   <birth when="1974-06-07"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JK">
   <persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
   <birth when="1954-10-10"/>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
  </person>
  <person xml:id="p-JB">
   <persName>James Boole</persName>
   <birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
   <ptr type="furtherInfo"
    target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
 <altGrp type="location">
  <alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
   target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
 </altGrp>
</standOff>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.10. The <standOff> Container

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Cilicia">
    <placeName>Cilicia</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Creta">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Creta</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Crete</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
   <place xml:id="Rhodus">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Rhodus</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Rhodes</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031</idno>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="Syria">
    <placeName>Syria</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition"
    xml:id="edition-text">
    <div type="textpart" n="1"
     xml:id="part1">
     <head>Bellum Alexandrinum</head>
     <p n="1" xml:id="p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="seg-1.1">Bello Alexandrino conflato <persName ref="#Caesar">Caesar</persName>
       <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Rhodus">Rhodo</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">Ordo</rdg>
       </app> atque ex <placeName ref="#Syria">Syria</placeName>
       <placeName ref="#Cilicia">Cilicia</placeName>que omnem classem arcessit; <app>
        <lem>
         <placeName ref="#Creta">Creta</placeName>
        </lem>
        <rdg wit="#S" ana="#orthographical">certa</rdg>
       </app> sagittarios, equites ab rege <orgName ref="#Nabataei">Nabataeorum</orgName>
       <persName ref="#Malchus">Malcho</persName> euocat; tormenta undique conquiri et
             frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="LATL">
    <placeName>Atlanta</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-GA">Georgia</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.755 -84.39</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="489359"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/atlanta-georgia"/>
   </place>
   <place xml:id="LBHM">
    <placeName>Birmingham</placeName>
    <location>
     <region key="US-AL">Alabama</region>
     <country key="USA">United States of America</country>
     <geo>33.653333 -86.808889</geo>
    </location>
    <population when="1963"
     type="interpolatedCensus" quantity="332891"
     source="https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/birmingham-alabama"/>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>Moreover, I am <choice>
     <sic>congnizant</sic>
     <corr>cognizant</corr>
    </choice> of the interrelatedness of all communities and
   <lb/>states. I cannot sit idly by in <placeName ref="#LATL">Atlanta</placeName> and not be concerned about what happens
   <lb/>in <placeName ref="#LBHM">Birmingham</placeName>. <seg xml:id="FQ17">Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.</seg> We
   <lb/>are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment
   <lb/>of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never
   <lb/>again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial <soCalled rendition="#Rqms">outside agitator</soCalled>
    <lb/>idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered
   <lb/>an outsider anywhere in this country.</p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<standOff>
 <listAnnotation>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="margin"
   resp="#STC" type="gloss"> The spell begins to
     break </note>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="bottom"
   resp="#JLL"> The turning point of the poem...
  </note>
 </listAnnotation>
</standOff>
<!-- ... -->
<lg xml:id="RotAM.4.15" rhyme="ABCB">
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray;</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
</lg>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation> contains a list of annotations, typically encoded as annotation, annotationBlock, or note, possibly organized with nested listAnnotation elements. [17.10. The standOff Container]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.declaring

@decls

att.notated

@notation

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.standOffPart

Contained by

linking: listAnnotation standOff

May contain

core: desc head label note

linking: annotation listAnnotation

spoken: annotationBlock

Note

The enclosed annotations may use the general-purpose note element; or, for annotations pertaining to transcriptions of speech, the special-purpose annotationBlock element; or the annotation element, which is intended to map cleanly onto the Web Annotation Data Model.

Example

<standOff>
 <listAnnotation>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="margin"
   resp="#STC" type="gloss"> The spell begins to
     break </note>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="bottom"
   resp="#JLL"> The turning point of the poem...
  </note>
 </listAnnotation>
</standOff>
<!-- ... -->
<lg xml:id="RotAM.4.15" rhyme="ABCB">
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray;</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
</lg>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<listAnnotation>
 <annotationBlock corresp="#u1">
  <spanGrp type="pos">
   <span from="#e14.w1" to="#e14.w1">CONJ</span>
   <span from="#e14.w2" to="#e14.w2">RELPRO</span>
   <span from="#e14.w3" to="#e14.w3">V</span>
  </spanGrp>
  <spanGrp type="prosody">
   <span from="#T0" to="#T1">faster</span>
  </spanGrp>
 </annotationBlock>
<!-- ... annotationBlocks for #u2 through #u27 here -->
</listAnnotation>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.headLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.labelLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.annotationLike"/>
   <elementRef key="listAnnotation"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listAnnotation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.declaring.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      model.headLike*,
      model.labelLike*,
      ( model.annotationLike | listAnnotation )+
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

Home

C Elements

Example: <listAnnotation>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listAnnotation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listAnnotation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<standOff>
 <listAnnotation>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="margin"
   resp="#STC" type="gloss"> The spell begins to
     break </note>
  <note target="#RotAM.4.15" place="bottom"
   resp="#JLL"> The turning point of the poem...
  </note>
 </listAnnotation>
</standOff>
<!-- ... -->
<lg xml:id="RotAM.4.15" rhyme="ABCB">
 <l>The self-same moment I could pray;</l>
 <l>And from my neck so free</l>
 <l>The albatross fell off, and sank</l>
 <l>Like lead into the sea.</l>
</lg>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotationBlock corresp="#u1">
  <spanGrp type="pos">
   <span from="#e14.w1" to="#e14.w1">CONJ</span>
   <span from="#e14.w2" to="#e14.w2">RELPRO</span>
   <span from="#e14.w3" to="#e14.w3">V</span>
  </spanGrp>
  <spanGrp type="prosody">
   <span from="#T0" to="#T1">faster</span>
  </spanGrp>
 </annotationBlock>
<!-- ... annotationBlocks for #u2 through #u27 here -->
</listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<annotation>

<annotation> represents an annotation following the Web Annotation Data Model. [17.10. The standOff Container]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

motivation motivation⚓︎

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Legal values are:

assessing

intent is to assess the target resource in some way, rather than simply make a comment about it

bookmarking

intent is to create a bookmark to the target or part thereof

classifying

intent is to classify the target in some way

commenting

intent is to comment about the target

describing

intent is to describe the target, rather than (for example) comment on it

editing

intent is to request an edit or a change to the target resource

highlighting

intent is to highlight the target resource or a segment thereof

identifying

intent is to assign an identity to the target

linking

intent is to link to a resource related to the target

moderating

intent is to assign some value or quality to the target

questioning

intent is to ask a question about the target

replying

intent is to reply to a previous statement, either an annotation or another resource

tagging

intent is to associate a tag with the target

Note

For further detailed explanation of the suggested values, see the Web Annotation Vocabulary (WAV). The motivations described here map to URIs defined by the WAV and when exported to RDF or JSON-LD must have the URI http://www.w3.org/ns/oa# prepended.

As an RDF vocabulary, WADM permits the definition of new motivations (see Appendix C of the WAV). In TEI, new motivations may be defined in a custom ODD (see section 23.3.1.3). New motivations must also map to URIs defined by an RDF ontology extending the WAV.

target target⚓︎

Status
Required

xml:id xml:id⚓︎

Status
Required

Member of

model.annotationLike

Contained by

linking: listAnnotation standOff

May contain

core: note ptr ref respStmt

header: licence revisionDesc

Example

<annotation xml:id="ann1"
 motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#lifecycle-information and https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#agents -->
 <respStmt xml:id="fred">
  <resp>creator</resp>
  <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
 </respStmt>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change status="created"
   when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#fred"/>
  <change status="modified"
   when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#fred"/>
 </revisionDesc>
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#rights-information -->
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Multiple bodies -->
<!-- Pointers to sections of text in the same document -->
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
</annotation>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<annotation xml:id="TheCorrectTitle"
 motivation="commenting" target="#line1">
 <note>The correct title of this specification, and the correct full name of XML, is
   "Extensible Markup Language". "eXtensible Markup Language" is just a spelling error.
   However, the abbreviation "XML" is not only correct but, appearing as it does in the title
   of the specification, an official name of the Extensible Markup Language. </note>
</annotation>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="respStmt" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="revisionDesc"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="licence" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.annotationPart.body"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element annotation
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   attribute motivation
   {
      list
      {
         (
            "assessing"
          | "bookmarking"
          | "classifying"
          | "commenting"
          | "describing"
          | "editing"
          | "highlighting"
          | "identifying"
          | "linking"
          | "moderating"
          | "questioning"
          | "replying"
          | "tagging"
         )+
      }
   }?,
   attribute target { text },
   attribute xml:id { text },
   ( respStmt*, revisionDesc*, licence*, model.annotationPart.body* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

Home

C Elements

Example: <annotation>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <annotation> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <annotation> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.11. Annotations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>De Bello Gallico</title>
   </titleStmt>
<!-- ... -->
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
   <div type="edition">
    <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
     n="1" xml:id="ch1">
     <p n="1" xml:id="c1p1">
      <seg n="1" xml:id="c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam
             incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra
             Galli appellantur.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
      <seg n="6" xml:id="c1p1s6">Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur,
             pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et
             orientem solem.</seg>
      <seg n="7" xml:id="c1p1s7">Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et
             eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis
             et septentriones.]</seg>
<!-- ... -->
     </p>
<!-- ... -->
    </div>
<!-- Ch. 2 etc. ... -->
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff>
  <listPlace>
   <place xml:id="Gallia">
    <placeName xml:lang="la">Gallia</placeName>
    <placeName xml:lang="en">Gaul</placeName>
    <idno type="URI">https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/993</idno>
   </place>
<!-- ... -->
  </listPlace>
 </standOff>
 <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
<!-- Metadata applying just to the set of annotations -->
  </teiHeader>
  <standOff>
   <listAnnotation>
    <annotation xml:id="ann01"
     motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
     <respStmt xml:id="ed">
      <resp>creator</resp>
      <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
     </respStmt>
     <revisionDesc>
      <change status="created"
       when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#ed"/>
      <change status="modified"
       when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#ed"/>
     </revisionDesc>
     <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Gallia in seg 1 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
<!-- Galliae in seg 6 -->
     <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
    </annotation>
<!-- ... -->
   </listAnnotation>
  </standOff>
 </TEI>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann1"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*omnis')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Francis Kelsey</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>‘Gaul as a whole,’ contrasted with Gaul in the narrower sense, or Celtic Gaul; Celtic Gaul also is often called Gallia.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann2"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Gallia.*divisa')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Rice Holmes</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Gallia...divisa: Notice the order of the words. ‘Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided’.</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann3"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Belgae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Belgae -arum m., the Belgae or Belgians</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann4"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Aquitani')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Aquitani, -orum m.: the Aquitani, inhabiting southwestern Gaul</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann5"
  motivation="commenting" target="#match(bg-c1p1s1,'Celtae')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>Arthur Tappan Walker</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>Celtae, -arum m: the Celtae or Celts</note>
 </annotation>
 <annotation xml:id="bgann6"
  motivation="commenting"
  target="#match(bg-c1p1s2,'Gallos(.|\n)*dividit')">
  <respStmt>
   <resp>creator</resp>
   <persName>William Francis Allen</persName>
   <persName>Joseph Henry Allen</persName>
   <persName>Harry Pratt Judson</persName>
  </respStmt>
  <note>the verb is singular, because the two rivers make one boundary; as we should say,
     ‘is divided by the line of the Seine and Marne.’</note>
 </annotation>
</listAnnotation>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<text>
 <body>
  <div type="edition">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="chapter"
    n="1" xml:id="bg-c1">
    <p n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1">
     <seg n="1" xml:id="bg-c1p1s1">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam
           Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.</seg>
     <seg n="2" xml:id="bg-c1p1s2">Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis
           Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.</seg>
<!-- ... -->
    </p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </body>
</text>

<annotation>

<annotation xml:id="ann1"
 motivation="linking" target="#Gallia">
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#lifecycle-information and https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#agents -->
 <respStmt xml:id="fred">
  <resp>creator</resp>
  <persName>Fred Editor</persName>
 </respStmt>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change status="created"
   when="2020-05-21T13:59:00Z" who="#fred"/>
  <change status="modified"
   when="2020-05-21T19:48:00Z" who="#fred"/>
 </revisionDesc>
<!-- See https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#rights-information -->
 <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<!-- Multiple bodies -->
<!-- Pointers to sections of text in the same document -->
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s1,0,6)"/>
 <ptr target="#string-range(c1p1s6,19,7)"/>
</annotation>

<annotation>

<annotation xml:id="TheCorrectTitle"
 motivation="commenting" target="#line1">
 <note>The correct title of this specification, and the correct full name of XML, is
   "Extensible Markup Language". "eXtensible Markup Language" is just a spelling error.
   However, the abbreviation "XML" is not only correct but, appearing as it does in the title
   of the specification, an official name of the Extensible Markup Language. </note>
</annotation>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<s>

<s> (s-unit) contains a sentence-like division of a text. [18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories 8.4.1. Segmentation]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.notated

@notation

att.segLike

@function

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.segLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The s element may be used to mark orthographic sentences, or any other segmentation of a text, provided that the segmentation is end-to-end, complete, and non-nesting. For segmentation which is partial or recursive, the seg should be used instead.

The type attribute may be used to indicate the type of segmentation intended, according to any convenient typology.

Example

<head>
 <s>A short affair</s>
</head>
<s>When are you leaving?</s>
<s>Tomorrow.</s>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:s">
<sch:report test="tei:s">You may not nest one s element within another: use seg instead</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element s
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.segLike.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <s> (s-unit)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <s> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <s> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

19. Feature Structures

5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

5.6. Writing Modes

<s xml:lang="en">The Arabic term
<term xml:lang="ar">قلم رصاص</term> means "pencil".</s>

5.6. Writing Modes

<s>The Arabic term قلم رصاص means "pencil".</s>

5.7.5. Mixed Horizontal Directionality

<s xml:lang="en" style="direction: ltr">The Arabic term
<term xml:lang="ar"
  style="direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed">قلم رصاص</term> means "pencil".</s>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.2.1. Personal Names

<s>
 <persName>
  <forename>Peter</forename>
  <surname>son of Herbert</surname>
 </persName> gives the king 40 m. for having custody of the land and heir of
<persName>
  <forename>John</forename>
  <surname>son of Hugh</surname>
 </persName>...
</s>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<link>

<s n="1">The state Supreme Court has refused to release <rs xml:id="R1">
  <rs xml:id="R2">Rahway State Prison</rs> inmate</rs>
 <rs xml:id="R3">James Scott</rs> on bail.</s>
<s n="2">
 <rs xml:id="R4">The fighter</rs> is serving 30-40 years
for a 1975 armed robbery conviction in <rs xml:id="R5">the penitentiary</rs>.
</s>
<!-- ... -->
<linkGrp type="periphrasis">
 <link target="#R1 #R3 #R4"/>
 <link target="#R2 #R5"/>
</linkGrp>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#CCS1 #SW1"/>
 <link target="#CCS2 #SW2"/>
 <link target="#CCS #SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="SW" xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#fr_CCS1 #fr_SW1"/>
 <link target="#fr_CCS2 #fr_SW2"/>
 <link target="#fr_CCS #fr_SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="fr_CCS"
 xml:lang="fr">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="fr_CCS1">Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.</s>
  <s xml:id="fr_CCS2">Parfois, à peine ma bougie éteinte, mes yeux se fermaient si vite que
     je n'avais pas le temps de me dire : "Je m'endors."</s>
 </p>
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="fr_SW"
 xml:lang="en">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="fr_SW1">For a long time I used to go to bed early.</s>
  <s xml:id="fr_SW2">Sometimes, when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly
     that I had not even time to say "I'm going to sleep."</s>
 </p>
</div>

<linkGrp>

<linkGrp type="translation">
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS1 #zh-tw_SW1"/>
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS2 #zh-tw_SW2"/>
 <link target="#zh-tw_CCS #zh-tw_SW"/>
</linkGrp>
<div type="volume" xml:id="zh-tw_CCS">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_CCS1">床前明月光，疑似地上霜；</s>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_CCS2">舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉。</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<div type="volume" xml:id="zh-tw_SW">
 <p>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_SW1">月光照的床前一片潔白，看起來像是地上結滿的白霜；</s>
  <s xml:id="zh-tw_SW2">抬起頭來，望著明月，低下頭來，思念起故鄉。</s>
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<seg xml:id="s1s3" type="narrative_unit">
 <s xml:id="s1">Sigmund, the <seg type="patronymic">son of Volsung</seg>,
   was a king in Frankish country.</s>
 <s xml:id="s2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
 <s xml:id="s3"> ... </s>
</seg>

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<s>Give me <seg type="phrase" part="I">a dozen.</seg>
</s>
<s>
 <seg part="F">Or two or three.</seg>
</s>

<anchor>

<s>The anchor is he<anchor xml:id="A234"/>re somewhere.</s>
<s>Help me find it.<ptr target="#A234"/>
</s>

<anchor>

<s>L'ancre est i<anchor xml:id="fr_A234"/>ci quelque part.</s>
<s>Aidez-moi à la trouver.<ptr target="#fr_A234"/>
</s>

<anchor>

<s>此錨點指向這<anchor xml:id="zh-tw_A234"/>裡</s>
<s>請搜尋此處<ptr target="#zh-tw_A234"/>
</s>

<seg>

<s>C' était à <seg type="toponyme">Mégara</seg>, faubourg de <seg type="topon">Carthage</seg>, dans les jardins d' <seg type="patronyme">Hamilcar</seg>. </s>

<seg>

<s>
 <seg rend="caps" type="initial-cap">此屬性值表示句首第一個字母大寫</seg>
</s>

<seg>

<s>
 <seg rend="caps" type="initial-cap">So father's only</seg> glory was the ballfield.
</s>

17.5.2. Alignment of Parallel Texts

<div xml:id="english" xml:lang="en"
 type="subsection">
 <ab xml:id="english1">
  <s>According to our survey, 1988 sales of mineral water and soft
     drinks were much higher than in 1987, reflecting the growing popularity
     of these products.</s>
  <s>Cola drink manufacturers in particular achieved above-average
     growth rates.</s>
 </ab>
</div>
<div xml:id="french" xml:lang="fr"
 type="subsection">
 <ab xml:id="french1">
  <s xml:id="fs1">Quant aux eaux minérales et aux limonades, elles
     rencontrent toujours plus d'adeptes.</s>
  <s xml:id="fs2">En effet, notre sondage fait ressortir des ventes nettement
     supérieures à celles de 1987, pour les boissons à
     base de cola notamment.</s>
 </ab>
</div>

17.7. Aggregation

<q>
 <s xml:id="qs2">Monsieur Paul, after he has taken equal
   parts of goose breast and the finest pork, and
   broken a certain number of egg yolks into them,
   and ground them <emph>very</emph>, very fine,
   cooks all with seasoning for some three hours.</s>
 <s xml:id="qs3">
  <emph>But</emph>,</s>
</q>
<s xml:id="ps2">she pushed her face nearer, and looked with
ferocious gloating at the pâté
inside me, her eyes like X rays,</s>
<q>
 <s xml:id="qs4">he never stops stirring it!</s>
 <s xml:id="qs5">Figure to yourself the work of it —</s>
 <s xml:id="qs6">stir, stir, never stopping!</s>
</q>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="fr_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="fr_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="fr_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as
borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="fr_LST1"
 target="#fr_LP1 #fr_LP2 #fr_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>台灣譯為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP1">
  <item>
   <s>艾蜜莉的異想世界</s>
  </item>
 </list> ；香港譯作<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP2">
  <item>
   <s>天使愛美麗</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<p>中國大陸則名為<list xml:id="zh-tw_LP3">
  <item>
   <s>阿梅麗的奇妙命運</s>
  </item>
 </list>。</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="zh-tw_LST1"
 target="#zh-tw_LP1 #zh-tw_LP2 #zh-tw_LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>電影Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain的中港台譯名</desc>
</join>

<join>

<p>Southern dialect (my own variety, at least) has only <list xml:id="LP1">
  <item>
   <s>I done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> whereas Negro Non-Standard basilect has both these and <list xml:id="LP2">
  <item>
   <s>I done go</s>
  </item>
 </list>.</p>
<p>White Southern dialect also has <list xml:id="LP3">
  <item>
   <s>I've done gone</s>
  </item>
  <item>
   <s>I've done went</s>
  </item>
 </list> which, when they occur in Negro dialect, should probably be considered as borrowings from other varieties of English.</p>
<join result="list" xml:id="LST1"
 target="#LP1 #LP2 #LP3" scope="branches">
 <desc>Sample sentences in Southern speech</desc>
</join>

17.8. Alternation

<s>Let's go to
<name exclude="#mayn" xml:id="mayd">May</name>
 <date copyOf="#mayd" exclude="#mayd"
  xml:id="mayn"/>.</s>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.1. Words and Above

<p>
 <s>Nineteen fifty-four, when I was eighteen years old,
   is held to be a crucial turning point in the history of
   the Afro-American — for the U.S.A. as a whole — the
   year segregation was outlawed by the U.S. Supreme Court.</s>
 <s>It was also a crucial year for me because on June 18,
   1954, I began serving a sentence in state prison for
   possession of marijuana.</s>
</p>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<p>
 <s>
  <cl>It was about the beginning of September, 1664,
  <cl>that I, among the rest of my neighbours,
       heard in ordinary discourse
   <cl>that the plague was returned again to Holland; </cl>
   </cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>for it had been very violent there, and particularly at
     Amsterdam and Rotterdam, in the year 1663, </cl>
  <cl>whither, <cl>they say,</cl> it was brought,
  <cl>some said</cl> from Italy, others from the Levant, among some goods
  <cl>which were brought home by their Turkey fleet;</cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>others said it was brought from Candia;
     others from Cyprus. </cl>
 </s>
 <s>
  <cl>It mattered not <cl>from whence it came;</cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>but all agreed <cl>it was come into Holland again.</cl>
  </cl>
 </s>
</p>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<p>
 <s>
  <cl type="finite-declarative"
   function="independent">
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">Nineteen fifty-four,
   <cl type="finite-relative-declarative"
     function="appositive">when <phr type="NP" function="subject">I</phr>
     <phr type="VP" function="predicate">was eighteen years old</phr>
    </cl>
   </phr>,
  <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
    <phr type="V" function="verb-main">is held</phr>
    <phr type="NP" function="complement">
     <cl type="nonfinite"
      function="predicate-nom.">
      <phr type="V" function="copula">to be</phr>
      <phr type="NP"
       function="predicate-nom.">a crucial turning point
      <phr type="PP"
        function="postmodifier">in
       <phr type="NP" function="prep.obj.">the history
        <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">of the Afro-American</phr>
        </phr>
       </phr>
             —
      <phr type="PP"
        function="postmodifier-appositive">for
       <phr type="NP" function="prep.obj.">the U.S.A.
        <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">as a whole</phr>
        </phr>
       </phr>
      </phr>
           —
     <phr type="NP"
       function="appositive-predicate-nom.">the year
      <cl type="finite-relative"
        function="adjectival">
        <phr type="NP" function="subject">segregation</phr>
        <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
         <phr type="V" function="verb-main">was outlawed</phr>
         <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">by the U.S. Supreme Court</phr>
        </phr>
       </cl>
      </phr>
     </cl>
    </phr>
   </phr>.</cl>
 </s>
 <s>
  <cl type="finite-declarative"
   function="independent">
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">It</phr>
   <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
    <phr type="V" function="verb-main">was</phr>
       also
   <phr type="NP"
     function="predicate-nom.">a crucial year for me</phr>
   </phr>
   <cl type="declarative-finite"
    function="dependent-causative">because
   <phr type="PP"
     function="sentence_adverb">on June 18, 1954</phr>,
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">I</phr>
    <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
     <phr type="V" function="verb-main">began serving</phr>
     <phr type="NP" function="complement">a sentence in state prison
     <phr type="PP" function="complement">for possession of marijuana</phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
   </cl>
  </cl>
 </s>.
</p>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<s xml:lang="la">
 <w lemma="timeo">timeo</w>
 <w lemma="danaii">Danaos</w>
 <w lemma="et">et</w>
 <w lemma="donum">dona</w>
 <w lemma="fero">ferentes</w>
</s>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<s xml:lang="la">
 <w lemmaRef="http://lexicon.org/latin.xml#timeo">timeo</w>
 <w lemmaRef="http://lexicon.org/latin.xml#danaii">Danaos</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

<s>

<head>
 <s>A short affair</s>
</head>
<s>When are you leaving?</s>
<s>Tomorrow.</s>

<s>

<s>
 <w>Quand</w>
 <w>partez</w>
 <w>-</w>
 <w>vous</w>
 <w> ?</w>
</s>
<s>
 <w>Demain</w>
 <w>.</w>
</s>

<s>

<s>士何事？”</s>
<s>尚志。 </s>

<pc>

<s>
 <w pos="PPER" msd="1.Pl.*.Nom">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" msd="1.Pl.Pres.Ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" msd="Def.Masc.Akk.Sg.">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" msd="Masc.Akk.Sg.">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." msd="--" join="left">.</pc>
</s>

att.linguistic

<s>
 <w pos="PPER">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR">in</w>
 <w pos="ART">den</w>
 <w pos="NN">Urlaub</w>
 <w pos="$.">.</w>
</s>

att.linguistic

<s>
 <pc join="right">"</pc>
 <w join="left">Friends</w>
 <w>will</w>
 <w>be</w>
 <w join="right">friends</w>
 <pc join="both">.</pc>
 <pc join="left">"</pc>
</s>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<s>
 <w>What</w>
 <w>did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk01">make</w>
 <w xml:id="up01">up</w>
</s>
<span from="#mk01" to="#up01">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<s>
 <w>What</w>
 <w>did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk02">make</w>
 <w xml:id="up02">up</w>
</s>
<span target="#mk02 #up02">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<s>
 <w>Did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk03">make</w>
 <w>it</w>
 <w xml:id="up03">up</w>
</s>
<span target="#mk03 #up03">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="MaQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point at which the
   thing began.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable,
   and nothing could have frightened it away.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration, during which she,
   and the little animals, and the moving grasses, and the sun-warmed
   trees, and the slopes of shivering silvery mealies, and the great
   dome of blue light overhead, and the stones of earth under her feet,
   became one, shuddering together in a dissolution of dancing
   atoms.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground forcing
   themselves painfully along her veins, swelling them out in an
   unbearable pressure; her flesh was the earth, and suffered growth
   like a ferment; and her eyes stared, fixed like the eye of the
   sun.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer (if the terms for time
   apply) could she have borne it; but then, with a sudden movement
   forwards and out, the whole process stopped; and <emph rend="italic">that</emph> was <soCalled rend="dquo">the
     moment</soCalled> which it was impossible to remember
   afterwards.</s>
 <span from="#MaQp1s2p114s3"
  to="#MaQp1s2p114s5">the moment</span>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time (which was
   timeless) she understood quite finally her smallness, the
   unimportance of humanity.</s>
</p>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="P1">
 <s xml:id="S1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
 <s xml:id="S2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
 <s xml:id="S3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ...</s>
 <s xml:id="S4A">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="S4B">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
 <s xml:id="S7">She took poison ... and brought it to Sinfiotli.</s>
 <s xml:id="S17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 <anchor xml:id="EOS17"/>
</p>
<p xml:id="P2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="P3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="P4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<spanGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="narrative-structure">
 <span from="#S1" to="#S3">introduction</span>
 <span from="#S4A">conflict</span>
 <span from="#S4B">climax</span>
 <span from="#S5" to="#S17">revenge</span>
 <span from="#EOS17">reconciliation</span>
 <span from="#P2" to="#P4">aftermath</span>
</spanGrp>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="MarQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point ... </s>
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable ... </s>
 <seg xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s3-5"
  ana="#moment">
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration ... </s>
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground ... </s>
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time ... </s>
</p>
<interp xml:id="moment">the moment</interp>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="PP1">
 <seg xml:id="SS1-SS3" ana="#INTRO">
  <s xml:id="SS1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="SS4A" ana="#CONFLICT">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="SS4B" ana="#CLIMAX">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <seg xml:id="SS5-SS17" ana="#REVENGE">
  <s xml:id="SS5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
  <s xml:id="SS17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 </seg>
</p>
<anchor xml:id="NIL1" ana="#RECONCIL"/>
<p xml:id="PP2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="PP4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<join xml:id="PP2-PP4"
 target="#PP2 #PP3 #PP4" ana="#AFTERM"/>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<s>
 <w ana="#AT0">The </w>
 <w ana="#NN1">victim</w>
 <w ana="#POS">'s</w>
 <w ana="#NN2">friends </w>
 <w ana="#VVD">told </w>
 <w ana="#NN2">police </w>
 <w ana="#CJT">that </w>
 <w ana="#NP0">Kruger </w>
 <w ana="#VVD">drove </w>
 <w ana="#PRP">into </w>
 <w ana="#AT0">the </w>
 <w ana="#NN1">quarry </w>
 <w ana="#CJC">and </w>
 <w ana="#AV0">never </w>
 <w ana="#VVD">surfaced</w>
</s>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<s type="sentence">
 <phr ana="#n">
  <phr ana="#gn">
   <w ana="#AT0">The</w>
   <w ana="#NN1">victim</w>
   <m ana="#POS">'s</m>
  </phr>
  <w ana="#NN2">friends</w>
 </phr>
 <phr ana="#v">
  <w ana="#VVD">told</w>
  <phr ana="#n">
   <w ana="#NN2">police</w>
  </phr>
  <cl ana="#fn">
   <w ana="#CJT">that</w>
   <phr ana="#n">
    <w ana="#NP0">Krueger</w>
   </phr>
   <phr ana="#v">
    <phr ana="#v1">
     <w ana="#VVD">drove</w>
     <phr ana="#pr">
      <w ana="#PRP">into</w>
      <phr ana="#n">
       <w ana="#AT0">the</w>
       <w ana="#NN1">quarry</w>
      </phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
    <w ana="#CJC">and</w>
    <phr ana="#v2">
     <w ana="#AV0">never</w>
     <w ana="#VVD">surfaced</w>
    </phr>
   </phr>
  </cl>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">.</c>
</s>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<s>
 <w xml:id="word-1">The</w>
 <w xml:id="word-2">victim</w>
 <w xml:id="word-3">'s</w>
 <w xml:id="word-4">friends</w>
 <w xml:id="word-5">told</w>
 <w xml:id="word-6">police</w>
 <w xml:id="word-7">that</w>
 <w xml:id="word-8">Kruger</w>
 <w xml:id="word-9">drove</w>
 <w xml:id="word10">into</w>
 <w xml:id="word11">the</w>
 <w xml:id="word12">quarry</w>
 <w xml:id="word13">and</w>
 <w xml:id="word14">never</w>
 <w xml:id="word15">surfaced</w>
</s>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<s><w pos="AT0">The</w> <w pos="NN1">victim</w><w pos="POS">'s</w> <w pos="NN2">friends</w>     <w pos="VVD">told</w> <w pos="NN2">police</w> <w pos="CJT">that</w> <w pos="NP0">Kruger</w>     <w pos="VVD">drove</w> <w pos="PRP">into</w> <w pos="AT0">the</w> <w pos="NN1">quarry</w>     <w pos="CJC">and</w> <w pos="AV0">never</w> <w pos="SENT">surfaced</w><pc pos="PUN">.</pc></s>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<s>
 <w pos="AT">The</w>
 <w pos="NN1">victim</w>
 <w pos="GE" join="left">'s</w>
 <w pos="NN2">friends</w>
 <w pos="VVD">told</w>
 <w pos="NN2">police</w>
 <w pos="CST">that</w>
 <w pos="NP1">Kruger</w>
 <w pos="VVD">drove</w>
 <w pos="II">into</w>
 <w pos="AT">the</w>
 <w pos="NN1">quarry</w>
 <w pos="CC">and</w>
 <w pos="RR">never</w>
 <w pos="VVD">surfaced</w>
 <pc pos="." join="left">.</pc>
</s>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<s>
 <w pos="PPER" lemma="wir"
  msd="pers:subst:p1:nom:pl">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" lemma="fahren"
  msd="p1:pl:pres:ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" lemma="in" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" lemma="d"
  msd="def:acc:sg:masc">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" lemma="Urlaub"
  msd="acc:sg:masc">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." lemma="." msd="--" join="left">.</pc>
</s>

19. Feature Structures

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s n="00741">
 <w ana="#at0">The</w>
 <w ana="#ajs">closest</w>
 <w ana="#pnp">he</w>
 <w ana="#vvd">came</w>
 <w ana="#prp">to</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">exercise</w>
 <w ana="#vbd">was</w>
 <w ana="#to0">to</w>
 <w ana="#vvi">open</w>
 <w ana="#crd">one</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">eye</w>
 <phr ana="#av0">
  <w>every</w>
  <w>so</w>
  <w>often</w>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">,</c>
 <w ana="#cjs">if</w>
 <w ana="#pni">someone</w>
 <w ana="#vvd">entered</w>
 <w ana="#at0">the</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">room</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s>
 <w xml:id="S1W1">
  <c xml:id="S1W1C1">C</c>ae<c xml:id="S1W1C2">s</c>ar</w>
 <w xml:id="S1W2">
  <c xml:id="S1W2C1">s</c>ei<c xml:id="S1W2C2">z</c>e<c xml:id="S1W2C3">d</c>
 </w>
 <w xml:id="S1W3">con<c xml:id="S1W3C1">t</c>rol</w>.

</s>
<fvLib xml:id="FSL1"
 n="phonological segment definitions">
<!-- as in previous example -->
</fvLib>
<linkGrp type="phonology">
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W3C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C3"/>
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W2C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C2"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s xml:id="mds09" n="00741">
 <w xml:id="mds0901">The</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0902">closest</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0903">he</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0904">came</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0905">to</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0906">exercise</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<cl>

<cl> (clause) represents a grammatical clause. [18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.notated

@notation

att.segLike

@function

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.segLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The type attribute may be used to indicate the type of clause, taking values such as finite, nonfinite, declarative, interrogative, relative etc. as appropriate.

Example

<l>
 <cl type="relative"
  function="clause_modifier">Which frightened
   both the heroes so,</cl>
</l>
<l>
 <cl>They quite forgot their quarrel.</cl>
</l>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element cl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.segLike.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <cl> (clause)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <cl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <cl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.1. Words and Above

<p>
 <s>
  <cl>It was about the beginning of September, 1664,
  <cl>that I, among the rest of my neighbours,
       heard in ordinary discourse
   <cl>that the plague was returned again to Holland; </cl>
   </cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>for it had been very violent there, and particularly at
     Amsterdam and Rotterdam, in the year 1663, </cl>
  <cl>whither, <cl>they say,</cl> it was brought,
  <cl>some said</cl> from Italy, others from the Levant, among some goods
  <cl>which were brought home by their Turkey fleet;</cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>others said it was brought from Candia;
     others from Cyprus. </cl>
 </s>
 <s>
  <cl>It mattered not <cl>from whence it came;</cl>
  </cl>
  <cl>but all agreed <cl>it was come into Holland again.</cl>
  </cl>
 </s>
</p>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<div type="stanza">
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Tweedledum and Tweedledee</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">Agreed to have a battle;</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="I">For Tweedledum said <cl part="I">Tweedledee</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">
   <cl part="F">Had spoiled his nice new rattle.</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
</div>
<div type="stanza">
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Just then flew down a monstrous crow,</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">As black as a tar barrel;</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="I">Which frightened both the heroes so,</cl>
 </l>
 <l>
  <cl part="F">
   <cl>They quite forgot their quarrel.</cl>
  </cl>
 </l>
</div>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<l>
 <cl next="#c5" xml:id="c3" part="I">For Tweedledum said
 <cl next="#c6" xml:id="c4" part="I">Tweedledee</cl>
 </cl>
</l>
<l>
 <cl prev="#c3" xml:id="c5" part="F">
  <cl prev="#c4" xml:id="c6" part="F">Had spoiled his nice new rattle.</cl>
 </cl>
</l>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<cl>It mattered not
<cl type="relative"
  function="clause_modifier">from whence it came;</cl>
</cl>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<p>
 <s>
  <cl type="finite-declarative"
   function="independent">
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">Nineteen fifty-four,
   <cl type="finite-relative-declarative"
     function="appositive">when <phr type="NP" function="subject">I</phr>
     <phr type="VP" function="predicate">was eighteen years old</phr>
    </cl>
   </phr>,
  <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
    <phr type="V" function="verb-main">is held</phr>
    <phr type="NP" function="complement">
     <cl type="nonfinite"
      function="predicate-nom.">
      <phr type="V" function="copula">to be</phr>
      <phr type="NP"
       function="predicate-nom.">a crucial turning point
      <phr type="PP"
        function="postmodifier">in
       <phr type="NP" function="prep.obj.">the history
        <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">of the Afro-American</phr>
        </phr>
       </phr>
             —
      <phr type="PP"
        function="postmodifier-appositive">for
       <phr type="NP" function="prep.obj.">the U.S.A.
        <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">as a whole</phr>
        </phr>
       </phr>
      </phr>
           —
     <phr type="NP"
       function="appositive-predicate-nom.">the year
      <cl type="finite-relative"
        function="adjectival">
        <phr type="NP" function="subject">segregation</phr>
        <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
         <phr type="V" function="verb-main">was outlawed</phr>
         <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">by the U.S. Supreme Court</phr>
        </phr>
       </cl>
      </phr>
     </cl>
    </phr>
   </phr>.</cl>
 </s>
 <s>
  <cl type="finite-declarative"
   function="independent">
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">It</phr>
   <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
    <phr type="V" function="verb-main">was</phr>
       also
   <phr type="NP"
     function="predicate-nom.">a crucial year for me</phr>
   </phr>
   <cl type="declarative-finite"
    function="dependent-causative">because
   <phr type="PP"
     function="sentence_adverb">on June 18, 1954</phr>,
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">I</phr>
    <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
     <phr type="V" function="verb-main">began serving</phr>
     <phr type="NP" function="complement">a sentence in state prison
     <phr type="PP" function="complement">for possession of marijuana</phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
   </cl>
  </cl>
 </s>.
</p>

<cl>

<l>
 <cl type="relative"
  function="clause_modifier">Which frightened
   both the heroes so,</cl>
</l>
<l>
 <cl>They quite forgot their quarrel.</cl>
</l>

<cl>

<cl>Il nous rejoindra dans
les jours
<cl type="relative"
  function="proposition_relative_déterminative">qui viennent.</cl>
</cl>

<cl>

<cl type="相關" function="修飾子句">最終他還是原諒了他，<cl>那個曾經陷他於不義的人。</cl>
</cl>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<s type="sentence">
 <phr ana="#n">
  <phr ana="#gn">
   <w ana="#AT0">The</w>
   <w ana="#NN1">victim</w>
   <m ana="#POS">'s</m>
  </phr>
  <w ana="#NN2">friends</w>
 </phr>
 <phr ana="#v">
  <w ana="#VVD">told</w>
  <phr ana="#n">
   <w ana="#NN2">police</w>
  </phr>
  <cl ana="#fn">
   <w ana="#CJT">that</w>
   <phr ana="#n">
    <w ana="#NP0">Krueger</w>
   </phr>
   <phr ana="#v">
    <phr ana="#v1">
     <w ana="#VVD">drove</w>
     <phr ana="#pr">
      <w ana="#PRP">into</w>
      <phr ana="#n">
       <w ana="#AT0">the</w>
       <w ana="#NN1">quarry</w>
      </phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
    <w ana="#CJC">and</w>
    <phr ana="#v2">
     <w ana="#AV0">never</w>
     <w ana="#VVD">surfaced</w>
    </phr>
   </phr>
  </cl>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">.</c>
</s>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<phr>

<phr> (phrase) represents a grammatical phrase. [18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.notated

@notation

att.segLike

@function

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.segLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

The type attribute may be used to indicate the type of phrase, taking values such as noun, verb, preposition, etc. as appropriate.

Example

<phr type="verb"
 function="extraposted_modifier">To talk
<phr type="preposition"
  function="complement">of
 <phr type="noun" function="object">many things</phr>
 </phr>
</phr>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element phr
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.segLike.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <phr> (phrase)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <phr> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <phr> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

9. Computer-mediated Communication

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

19. Feature Structures

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

9. Computer-mediated Communication

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A03" rend="color:green">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">schwank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
<!-- ... -->
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW">seekrank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
 </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A02" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="acronym">lol</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w> ... </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" rend="color:black">
 <p>
  <phr type="AKW">
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
   <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> einen fallschirm <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">umbind</w>
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  </phr>
 </p>
</post>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<phr type="noun">
 <w type="adjective">Literate</w>
 <w type="conjunction">and</w>
 <w type="adjective">illiterate</w>
 <w type="noun">speech</w>
</phr>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.1. Words and Above

<phr type="NP">the year segregation</phr>
<phr>was outlawed</phr>
<phr type="PP"
 function="postmodifier-agent">by the U.S. Supreme Court.</phr>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<p>
 <s>
  <cl type="finite-declarative"
   function="independent">
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">Nineteen fifty-four,
   <cl type="finite-relative-declarative"
     function="appositive">when <phr type="NP" function="subject">I</phr>
     <phr type="VP" function="predicate">was eighteen years old</phr>
    </cl>
   </phr>,
  <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
    <phr type="V" function="verb-main">is held</phr>
    <phr type="NP" function="complement">
     <cl type="nonfinite"
      function="predicate-nom.">
      <phr type="V" function="copula">to be</phr>
      <phr type="NP"
       function="predicate-nom.">a crucial turning point
      <phr type="PP"
        function="postmodifier">in
       <phr type="NP" function="prep.obj.">the history
        <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">of the Afro-American</phr>
        </phr>
       </phr>
             —
      <phr type="PP"
        function="postmodifier-appositive">for
       <phr type="NP" function="prep.obj.">the U.S.A.
        <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">as a whole</phr>
        </phr>
       </phr>
      </phr>
           —
     <phr type="NP"
       function="appositive-predicate-nom.">the year
      <cl type="finite-relative"
        function="adjectival">
        <phr type="NP" function="subject">segregation</phr>
        <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
         <phr type="V" function="verb-main">was outlawed</phr>
         <phr type="PP"
          function="postmodifier">by the U.S. Supreme Court</phr>
        </phr>
       </cl>
      </phr>
     </cl>
    </phr>
   </phr>.</cl>
 </s>
 <s>
  <cl type="finite-declarative"
   function="independent">
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">It</phr>
   <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
    <phr type="V" function="verb-main">was</phr>
       also
   <phr type="NP"
     function="predicate-nom.">a crucial year for me</phr>
   </phr>
   <cl type="declarative-finite"
    function="dependent-causative">because
   <phr type="PP"
     function="sentence_adverb">on June 18, 1954</phr>,
   <phr type="NP" function="subject">I</phr>
    <phr type="VP" function="predicate">
     <phr type="V" function="verb-main">began serving</phr>
     <phr type="NP" function="complement">a sentence in state prison
     <phr type="PP" function="complement">for possession of marijuana</phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
   </cl>
  </cl>
 </s>.
</p>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<mentioned>
 <phr>grandiloquent speech</phr>
</mentioned>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<phr>
 <mentioned>grandiloquent speech</mentioned>
</phr>

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<phr>
 <c>M</c>
 <c>O</c>
 <c>A</c>
 <c>I</c>
 <w>doth</w>
 <w>sway</w>
 <w>my</w>
 <w>life</w>
</phr>

<phr>

<phr type="verb"
 function="extraposted_modifier">To talk
<phr type="preposition"
  function="complement">of
 <phr type="noun" function="object">many things</phr>
 </phr>
</phr>

<phr>

<phr type="verb"
 function="extraposted_modifier">To talk
<phr type="preposition"
  function="complement">of
 <phr type="noun" function="object">many things</phr>
 </phr>
</phr>

<phr>

<phr type="動詞"
 function="extraposted_modifier">談 <phr type="介係詞" function="補語">及<phr type="名詞" function="受詞">許多事物</phr>
 </phr>
</phr>

<c>

<phr>
 <c>M</c>
 <c>O</c>
 <c>A</c>
 <c>I</c>
 <w>doth</w>
 <w>sway</w>
 <w>my</w>
 <w>life</w>
</phr>

<pc>

<phr>
 <w>do</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w>understand</w>
 <pc type="interrogative">?</pc>
</phr>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<s type="sentence">
 <phr ana="#n">
  <phr ana="#gn">
   <w ana="#AT0">The</w>
   <w ana="#NN1">victim</w>
   <m ana="#POS">'s</m>
  </phr>
  <w ana="#NN2">friends</w>
 </phr>
 <phr ana="#v">
  <w ana="#VVD">told</w>
  <phr ana="#n">
   <w ana="#NN2">police</w>
  </phr>
  <cl ana="#fn">
   <w ana="#CJT">that</w>
   <phr ana="#n">
    <w ana="#NP0">Krueger</w>
   </phr>
   <phr ana="#v">
    <phr ana="#v1">
     <w ana="#VVD">drove</w>
     <phr ana="#pr">
      <w ana="#PRP">into</w>
      <phr ana="#n">
       <w ana="#AT0">the</w>
       <w ana="#NN1">quarry</w>
      </phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
    <w ana="#CJC">and</w>
    <phr ana="#v2">
     <w ana="#AV0">never</w>
     <w ana="#VVD">surfaced</w>
    </phr>
   </phr>
  </cl>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">.</c>
</s>

19. Feature Structures

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s n="00741">
 <w ana="#at0">The</w>
 <w ana="#ajs">closest</w>
 <w ana="#pnp">he</w>
 <w ana="#vvd">came</w>
 <w ana="#prp">to</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">exercise</w>
 <w ana="#vbd">was</w>
 <w ana="#to0">to</w>
 <w ana="#vvi">open</w>
 <w ana="#crd">one</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">eye</w>
 <phr ana="#av0">
  <w>every</w>
  <w>so</w>
  <w>often</w>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">,</c>
 <w ana="#cjs">if</w>
 <w ana="#pni">someone</w>
 <w ana="#vvd">entered</w>
 <w ana="#at0">the</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">room</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<phr function="NP">
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPstart"
  xml:id="NPInterpretationB"/>
 <w function="A">Fast</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPstart"
  xml:id="NPInterpretationA"/>
 <w function="N">trains</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPend"
  corresp="#NPInterpretationB"/>
 <w function="C">and</w>
 <w function="N">planes</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPend"
  corresp="#NPInterpretationA"/>
</phr>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<w>

<w> (word) represents a grammatical (not necessarily orthographic) word. [18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories 18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.linguistic

@lemma

@lemmaRef

@pos

@msd

@join

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.notated

@notation

att.segLike

@function

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.linePart model.segLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c interp interpGrp m pc span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add cb choice corr del ellipsis expan gap gb hi index lb milestone note noteGrp orig pb q reg sic unclear

figures: figure notatedMusic

gaiji: g

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Example

This example is adapted from the Folger Library’s Early Modern English Drama version of The Wits: a Comedy by William Davenant.

<l>
 <w lemma="it" pos="pn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0100">IT</w>
 <w lemma="have" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0110">hath</w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0120">been</w>
 <w lemma="say" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0130">said</w>
 <w lemma="of" pos="acp-p"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0140">of</w>
 <w lemma="old" pos="j"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0150">old</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0160">,</pc>
 <w lemma="that" pos="cs"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0170">that</w>
 <w lemma="play" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0180">
  <choice>
   <orig>Playes</orig>
   <reg>Plays</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvb"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0190">are</w>
 <w lemma="feast" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0200">Feasts</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0210">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100220">
 <w lemma="poet" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0220">Poets</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0230">the</w>
 <w lemma="cook" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0240">
  <choice>
   <orig>Cookes</orig>
   <reg>Cooks</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0250">,</pc>
 <w lemma="and" pos="cc"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0260">and</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0270">the</w>
 <w lemma="spectator" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0280">Spectators</w>
 <w lemma="guest" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0290">Guests</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0300">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100230">
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0310">The</w>
 <w lemma="actor" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0320">Actors</w>
 <w lemma="waiter" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0330">Waiters</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0340">:</pc>
<!-- ... -->
</l>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="seg"/>
  <elementRef key="w"/>
  <elementRef key="m"/>
  <elementRef key="c"/>
  <elementRef key="pc"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <classRef key="model.lPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.hiLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.pPart.edit"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element w
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.linguistic.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.segLike.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | seg
    | w
    | m
    | c
    | pc
    | model.global
    | model.lPart
    | model.hiLike
    | model.pPart.edit
   )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <w> (word)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <w> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <w> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

8. Transcriptions of Speech

9. Computer-mediated Communication

12. Representation of Primary Sources

13. Critical Apparatus

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

19. Feature Structures

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

8. Transcriptions of Speech

<annotationBlock>

<annotationBlock who="#SPK1" start="#T2"
 end="#T3" xml:id="ag20">
 <u xml:id="u20">
  <seg xml:id="seg37" type="utterance"
   subtype="modeless">
   <w xml:id="w46">Yeah</w>
  </seg>
 </u>
</annotationBlock>
<annotationBlock who="#SPK1" start="#T5"
 end="#T6" xml:id="ag21">
 <u xml:id="u21">
  <seg xml:id="seg38" type="utterance"
   subtype="modeless">
   <w xml:id="w47">Mhm</w>
  </seg>
 </u>
</annotationBlock>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

<post>
 <w pos="ADV">da</w>
 <w pos="VAFIN">bin</w>
 <w pos="PPER">ich</w>
 <w pos="PTKNEG">nicht</w>
 <w pos="ADV">so</w>
 <w pos="ADJD">empfindlich</w>
 <w pos="EMOASC">;)</w>
</post>

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" synch="#lscLB.t004" who="#lscLB.A03"
 xml:id="cmc_post21">
 <w pos="ADV">Klar</w>
 <w pos="EMOIMG">😁</w>
</post>

9.6.3. Circulation

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796550101716993" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t004" xml:lang="de">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043796093786566656"/> Ich mich auch? <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dynamicduo?src=hash">#dynamicduo</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wirk%C3%BCmmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang?src=hash">#wirkümmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u2"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t003" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796093786566656">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 14:35 </time> Immer wieder gerne. Kann ich mich schon für
nächstes Jahr als Empfangs- <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Engel?src=hash">#Engel</ref> für das nächste
BarCamp bewerben <w pos="EMO">🤪</w>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <trailer>
  <fs>
   <f name="favoritecount">
    <numeric value="4"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </trailer>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.a" who="#A03.a"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.a">
 <time>00:22</time>
 <w>Bin</w>
 <w>soooooo</w>
 <w>im</w>
 <w>stress</w>
 <w>gewesen</w>
 <w>ich</w>
 <w>Armer</w>
 <w>lol</w>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.b" who="#A03.b"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.b">
 <time> 00:22 </time>
 <w>Bin</w>
 <w norm="so">soooooo</w>
 <w>im</w>
 <w norm="Stress">stress</w>
 <w>gewesen</w>
 <w>ich</w>
 <w>Armer</w>
 <w>lol</w>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post>
 <w>In</w>
 <w join="left">my</w>
 <w join="left">office</w>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post>
 <choice>
  <orig>
   <w pos="VAPPER" lemma="">hastes</w>
  </orig>
  <reg>
   <w pos="VAFIN" lemma="haben">hast</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="du">du</w>
   <w pos="PPER" lemma="es">es</w>
  </reg>
 </choice>
</post>

9.6.4. Linguistic Annotation

<post generatedBy="human"
 rend="color:black" synch="#t010.c" who="#A03.c"
 xml:id="cmc_post_m16.c">
 <time> 00:22 </time>
 <w lemma="sein" pos="VAFIN" xml:id="m16.t9">Bin</w>
 <w lemma="so" norm="so" pos="PTKIFG"
  xml:id="m16.t10">soooooo</w>
 <w lemma="in" pos="APPRART"
  xml:id="m16.t11">im</w>
 <w lemma="Stress" norm="Stress" pos="NN"
  xml:id="m16.t12">stress</w>
 <w lemma="sein" pos="VAPP" xml:id="m16.t13">gewesen</w>
 <w lemma="ich" pos="PPER" xml:id="m16.t14">ich</w>
 <w lemma="Armer" pos="NN" xml:id="m16.t15">Armer</w>
 <w lemma="lol" pos="AKW" xml:id="m16.t16">lol</w>
</post>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black" synch="#f2213001.t007"
 type="standard" who="#f2213001.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001.A04" type="NICK">
  <w lemma="Konstanze" pos="NE"
   xml:id="f2213001.m27.t1">Konstanze</w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
 <name ref="#f2213001.A03" type="NICK">
  <w lemma="Nasenloch" pos="NN">nasenloch</w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="die" pos="ART">den</w>
 <w lemma="Wunsch" pos="NN">wunsch</w>
 <w lemma="zu" pos="PTKZU">zu</w>
 <w lemma="erfüllen" pos="VVINF">erfüllen</w>
<!-- ... -->
</post>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001a.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001a.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001a.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001a.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_FEMALE-PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
 <name ref="#f2213001a.A03" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NN">
   <gap reason="anonymization" unit="token"
    quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="anonymization">[_PARTICIPANT-A04_]</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="die" pos="ART">den</w>
 <w lemma="Wunsch" pos="NN">wunsch</w>
 <w lemma="zu" pos="PTKZU">zu</w>
 <w lemma="erfüllen" pos="VVINF">erfüllen</w>
<!-- ... -->
</post>

9.6.5. Named Entities and Anonymization

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="system" rend="color:black"
 synch="#f2213001p.t007" type="standard" who="#f2213001p.A04"
 xml:id="f2213001p.m27.eg35">
 <name ref="#f2213001p.A04" type="NICK">
  <w pos="NE" xml:id="f2213001p.m27.t1">
   <gap reason="pseudonymization"
    unit="token" quantity="1"/>
   <supplied reason="pseudonymization">Kornelia</supplied>
  </w>
 </name>
 <w lemma="versuchen" pos="VVPP">versucht</w>
<!-- the rest of the post -->
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A03" rend="color:green">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">schwank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
<!-- ... -->
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW">seekrank</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
 </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A02" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  <w type="AKW" subtype="acronym">lol</w>
  <w type="AKWIND">*</w> ... </p>
</post>
<!-- ... -->
<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" rend="color:black">
 <p>
  <phr type="AKW">
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
   <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> einen fallschirm <w type="AKW" subtype="inflective">umbind</w>
   <w type="AKWIND">*</w>
  </phr>
 </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" rend="color:black">
 <p> naja, der war gestrandet <w type="emoticon" subtype="ascii">:(</w>
 </p>
</post>

<post>

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 who="#A01" when="2015-11-18">
 <p>
  <ref corresp="#A02"
   target="https://twitter.com/textarchiv">
   <w type="ADRIND">@</w>
   <w type="ADR">textarchiv</w>
  </ref> Erfurter
   Europäische Welt- und Staats-Geschichte: 20 Ausgaben von 1744 aus dem MKHZ
   bereits in DTAQ <ref target="http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/dtaq/about"> http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/dtaq/about</ref>
  <ref target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dtaclarin14?src=hash">
   <w type="hashtag">#dtaclarin14</w>
  </ref>
 </p>
</post>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.2.1. Parallel Transcription

<pb facs="#B49r"/>
<fw>De Geometrie 49</fw>
<head facs="#B49rHead"> DU SON ET ACCORD DES CLOCHES ET <lb/> des alleures des
chevaulx, chariotz &amp; charges, des fontaines:&amp; <lb/> encyclie du monde,
&amp; de la dimension du corps humain.<lb/> Chapitre septiesme</head>
<div n="1">
 <p>Le son &amp; accord des cloches pendans en ung mesme <lb/> axe, est faict en
   contraires parties.</p>
 <p rend="it" facs="#B49rPara2">LEs cloches ont quasi fi<lb/>gures de rondes
   pyra<lb/>mides imperfaictes &amp; <lb/> irregulieres: &amp; leur accord se
 <lb/> fait par reigle geometrique. Com<lb/>me si les deux cloches C &amp; D
 <lb/> sont <w facs="#B49rW457">pendans</w> à ung mesme axe <lb/> ou essieu A B:
   je dis que leur ac<lb/>cord se fera en co<ex>n</ex>traires parties<lb/>
   co<ex>m</ex>me voyez icy figuré. Car qua<ex>n</ex>d <lb/> lune sera en
   hault, laultre declinera embas. Aultrement si elles decli<lb/>nent toutes deux
   ensembles en une mesme partie, elles seront discord, <lb/> &amp; sera leur
   sonnerie mal plaisante à oyr.<figure facs="#B49rFig1">
   <graphic url="Bovelles49r-detail.png"/>
  </figure>
 </p>
</div>

13. Critical Apparatus

<listApp>

<body>
 <div>
  <lg type="stanza" xml:id="Y-36.01"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst" rend="italic">
   <l xml:id="Y-36.01_L-1">
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-01">ahiiā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-02">ϑβā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-03">āϑrō</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-04">vərəzə̄nā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-05">paouruiiē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-06">pairijasāmaiδē</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-07">mazdā</w>
    <w xml:id="Y-36.01_L1_W-08">ahurā</w>
   </l>
<!-- ... -->
  </lg>
 </div>
</body>
<!-- ... -->
<back>
 <div>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_Y-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Avst">
   <head>Variants from witnesses in Avestan script</head>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ahiiā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ϑβā</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#Y-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #J2 #M1">āϑrō</rdg>
    <rdg wit="#F2">āϑrōi</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
  <listApp xml:id="CA_PY-36"
   xml:lang="pal-Phlv">
   <head>Variants from witnesses written in Pahlavi script</head>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-01">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾytwnˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-02">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ʾwˈ</rdg>
   </app>
   <app from="#PY-36.01_L1_W-03">
    <rdg wit="#Pt4 #F2 #J2 #M1">ḤNʾ</rdg>
   </app>
<!-- ... -->
  </listApp>
 </div>
</back>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors

<phr type="noun">
 <w type="adjective">Literate</w>
 <w type="conjunction">and</w>
 <w type="adjective">illiterate</w>
 <w type="noun">speech</w>
</phr>

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.1. Words and Above

<mentioned>
 <w>grandiloquent</w>
</mentioned>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<s xml:lang="la">
 <w lemma="timeo">timeo</w>
 <w lemma="danaii">Danaos</w>
 <w lemma="et">et</w>
 <w lemma="donum">dona</w>
 <w lemma="fero">ferentes</w>
</s>

18.1.1. Words and Above

<s xml:lang="la">
 <w lemmaRef="http://lexicon.org/latin.xml#timeo">timeo</w>
 <w lemmaRef="http://lexicon.org/latin.xml#danaii">Danaos</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<w type="adjective">
 <m type="base">
  <m type="prefix" baseForm="con">com</m>
  <m type="root">fort</m>
 </m>
 <m type="suffix">able</m>
</w>

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<phr>
 <c>M</c>
 <c>O</c>
 <c>A</c>
 <c>I</c>
 <w>doth</w>
 <w>sway</w>
 <w>my</w>
 <w>life</w>
</phr>

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<w>I</w>
<w>
 <m baseForm="do">did</m>
 <m>n't</m>
</w>
<w lemma="do">do</w>
<w>it</w>
<pc>.</pc>

<s>

<s>
 <w>Quand</w>
 <w>partez</w>
 <w>-</w>
 <w>vous</w>
 <w> ?</w>
</s>
<s>
 <w>Demain</w>
 <w>.</w>
</s>

<w>

<l>
 <w lemma="it" pos="pn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0100">IT</w>
 <w lemma="have" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0110">hath</w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0120">been</w>
 <w lemma="say" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0130">said</w>
 <w lemma="of" pos="acp-p"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0140">of</w>
 <w lemma="old" pos="j"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0150">old</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0160">,</pc>
 <w lemma="that" pos="cs"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0170">that</w>
 <w lemma="play" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0180">
  <choice>
   <orig>Playes</orig>
   <reg>Plays</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvb"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0190">are</w>
 <w lemma="feast" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0200">Feasts</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0210">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100220">
 <w lemma="poet" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0220">Poets</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0230">the</w>
 <w lemma="cook" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0240">
  <choice>
   <orig>Cookes</orig>
   <reg>Cooks</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0250">,</pc>
 <w lemma="and" pos="cc"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0260">and</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0270">the</w>
 <w lemma="spectator" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0280">Spectators</w>
 <w lemma="guest" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0290">Guests</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0300">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100230">
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0310">The</w>
 <w lemma="actor" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0320">Actors</w>
 <w lemma="waiter" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0330">Waiters</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0340">:</pc>
<!-- ... -->
</l>

<m>

<w type="adjective">
 <w type="noun">
  <m type="prefix" baseForm="con">com</m>
  <m type="root">fort</m>
 </w>
 <m type="suffix">able</m>
</w>

<m>

<w type="adjective">
 <w type="noun">
  <m type="prefix" baseForm="con">con</m>
  <m type="root">fort</m>
 </w>
 <m type="suffix">able</m>
</w>

<m>

<w type="形容詞">
 <w type="名詞">
  <m type="字首" baseForm="con">com</m>
  <m type="字根">fort</m>
 </w>
 <m type="字尾">able</m>
</w>

<c>

<phr>
 <c>M</c>
 <c>O</c>
 <c>A</c>
 <c>I</c>
 <w>doth</w>
 <w>sway</w>
 <w>my</w>
 <w>life</w>
</phr>

<pc>

<phr>
 <w>do</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w>understand</w>
 <pc type="interrogative">?</pc>
</phr>

<pc>

<s>
 <w pos="PPER" msd="1.Pl.*.Nom">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" msd="1.Pl.Pres.Ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" msd="Def.Masc.Akk.Sg.">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" msd="Masc.Akk.Sg.">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." msd="--" join="left">.</pc>
</s>

att.lexicographic.normalized

<w orig="ntsa sia'i">ntsasia'i</w>

att.lexicographic.normalized

<w lemma="he" pos="pns"
 xml:id="b1afj-003-a-0950">he</w>
<w lemma="have" pos="vvz"
 xml:id="b1afj-003-a-0960">hath</w>
<w lemma="bring" pos="vvn"
 xml:id="b1afj-003-a-0970">brought</w>
<w lemma="forth" pos="av"
 xml:id="b1afj-003-a-0980" orig="sorth">forth</w>

att.lexicographic.normalized

<w lemma="commandment" pos="n1"
 norm="commandment" xml:id="b9avr-018-a-7720"
 orig="commandemēt">commandement</w>

att.linguistic

<w lemma="wife">wives</w>

att.linguistic

<w lemma="Arznei">Artzeneyen</w>

att.linguistic

<w type="動詞" lemma="hit">hitt<m type="字尾">ing</m>
</w>

att.linguistic

<w type="verb" lemma="hit"
 lemmaRef="http://www.example.com/lexicon/hitvb.xml">hitt<m type="suffix">ing</m>
</w>

att.linguistic

<w type="verb" lemma="nage"
 lemmaRef="http://www.example.com/lexicon/hitvb.xml">nag<m type="suffix">er</m>
</w>

att.linguistic

<s>
 <w pos="PPER">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR">in</w>
 <w pos="ART">den</w>
 <w pos="NN">Urlaub</w>
 <w pos="$.">.</w>
</s>

att.linguistic

<p>
 <w pos="PPIS2">We</w>
 <w pos="VBR">'re</w>
 <w pos="VVG">going</w>
 <w pos="II">on</w>
 <w pos="NN1">vacation</w>
 <w pos="II">to</w>
 <w pos="NP1">Brazil</w>
 <w pos="IF">for</w>
 <w pos="AT1">a</w>
 <w pos="NNT1">month</w>
 <pc pos="!">!</pc>
</p>

att.linguistic

<ab>
 <w pos="PPER" msd="1.Pl.*.Nom">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" msd="1.Pl.Pres.Ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" msd="Def.Masc.Akk.Sg">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" msd="Masc.Akk.Sg">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." msd="--">.</pc>
</ab>

att.linguistic

<s>
 <pc join="right">"</pc>
 <w join="left">Friends</w>
 <w>will</w>
 <w>be</w>
 <w join="right">friends</w>
 <pc join="both">.</pc>
 <pc join="left">"</pc>
</s>

att.linguistic

<p>
 <w pos="PNP">We</w>
 <w pos="VBB" join="left">'re</w>
 <w pos="VVG">going</w>
 <w pos="PRP">on</w>
 <w pos="NN1">vacation</w>
 <pc pos="PUN" join="left">.</pc>
</p>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<s>
 <w>What</w>
 <w>did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk01">make</w>
 <w xml:id="up01">up</w>
</s>
<span from="#mk01" to="#up01">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<s>
 <w>What</w>
 <w>did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk02">make</w>
 <w xml:id="up02">up</w>
</s>
<span target="#mk02 #up02">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<s>
 <w>Did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk03">make</w>
 <w>it</w>
 <w xml:id="up03">up</w>
</s>
<span target="#mk03 #up03">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<s>
 <w ana="#AT0">The </w>
 <w ana="#NN1">victim</w>
 <w ana="#POS">'s</w>
 <w ana="#NN2">friends </w>
 <w ana="#VVD">told </w>
 <w ana="#NN2">police </w>
 <w ana="#CJT">that </w>
 <w ana="#NP0">Kruger </w>
 <w ana="#VVD">drove </w>
 <w ana="#PRP">into </w>
 <w ana="#AT0">the </w>
 <w ana="#NN1">quarry </w>
 <w ana="#CJC">and </w>
 <w ana="#AV0">never </w>
 <w ana="#VVD">surfaced</w>
</s>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<s type="sentence">
 <phr ana="#n">
  <phr ana="#gn">
   <w ana="#AT0">The</w>
   <w ana="#NN1">victim</w>
   <m ana="#POS">'s</m>
  </phr>
  <w ana="#NN2">friends</w>
 </phr>
 <phr ana="#v">
  <w ana="#VVD">told</w>
  <phr ana="#n">
   <w ana="#NN2">police</w>
  </phr>
  <cl ana="#fn">
   <w ana="#CJT">that</w>
   <phr ana="#n">
    <w ana="#NP0">Krueger</w>
   </phr>
   <phr ana="#v">
    <phr ana="#v1">
     <w ana="#VVD">drove</w>
     <phr ana="#pr">
      <w ana="#PRP">into</w>
      <phr ana="#n">
       <w ana="#AT0">the</w>
       <w ana="#NN1">quarry</w>
      </phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
    <w ana="#CJC">and</w>
    <phr ana="#v2">
     <w ana="#AV0">never</w>
     <w ana="#VVD">surfaced</w>
    </phr>
   </phr>
  </cl>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">.</c>
</s>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<s>
 <w xml:id="word-1">The</w>
 <w xml:id="word-2">victim</w>
 <w xml:id="word-3">'s</w>
 <w xml:id="word-4">friends</w>
 <w xml:id="word-5">told</w>
 <w xml:id="word-6">police</w>
 <w xml:id="word-7">that</w>
 <w xml:id="word-8">Kruger</w>
 <w xml:id="word-9">drove</w>
 <w xml:id="word10">into</w>
 <w xml:id="word11">the</w>
 <w xml:id="word12">quarry</w>
 <w xml:id="word13">and</w>
 <w xml:id="word14">never</w>
 <w xml:id="word15">surfaced</w>
</s>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<s><w pos="AT0">The</w> <w pos="NN1">victim</w><w pos="POS">'s</w> <w pos="NN2">friends</w>     <w pos="VVD">told</w> <w pos="NN2">police</w> <w pos="CJT">that</w> <w pos="NP0">Kruger</w>     <w pos="VVD">drove</w> <w pos="PRP">into</w> <w pos="AT0">the</w> <w pos="NN1">quarry</w>     <w pos="CJC">and</w> <w pos="AV0">never</w> <w pos="SENT">surfaced</w><pc pos="PUN">.</pc></s>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<s>
 <w pos="AT">The</w>
 <w pos="NN1">victim</w>
 <w pos="GE" join="left">'s</w>
 <w pos="NN2">friends</w>
 <w pos="VVD">told</w>
 <w pos="NN2">police</w>
 <w pos="CST">that</w>
 <w pos="NP1">Kruger</w>
 <w pos="VVD">drove</w>
 <w pos="II">into</w>
 <w pos="AT">the</w>
 <w pos="NN1">quarry</w>
 <w pos="CC">and</w>
 <w pos="RR">never</w>
 <w pos="VVD">surfaced</w>
 <pc pos="." join="left">.</pc>
</s>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<s>
 <w pos="PPER" lemma="wir"
  msd="pers:subst:p1:nom:pl">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" lemma="fahren"
  msd="p1:pl:pres:ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" lemma="in" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" lemma="d"
  msd="def:acc:sg:masc">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" lemma="Urlaub"
  msd="acc:sg:masc">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." lemma="." msd="--" join="left">.</pc>
</s>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<w norm="unvermutete">vnuermuthete</w>
<w norm="Freundschaft">Freundſchafft</w>
<w norm="angeboten">angebotten</w>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<w lemma="he" pos="pns">he</w>
<w lemma="have" pos="vvz">hath</w>
<w lemma="bring" pos="vvn">brought</w>
<w lemma="forth" pos="av" orig="sorth">forth</w>

19. Feature Structures

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s n="00741">
 <w ana="#at0">The</w>
 <w ana="#ajs">closest</w>
 <w ana="#pnp">he</w>
 <w ana="#vvd">came</w>
 <w ana="#prp">to</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">exercise</w>
 <w ana="#vbd">was</w>
 <w ana="#to0">to</w>
 <w ana="#vvi">open</w>
 <w ana="#crd">one</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">eye</w>
 <phr ana="#av0">
  <w>every</w>
  <w>so</w>
  <w>often</w>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">,</c>
 <w ana="#cjs">if</w>
 <w ana="#pni">someone</w>
 <w ana="#vvd">entered</w>
 <w ana="#at0">the</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">room</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s>
 <w xml:id="S1W1">
  <c xml:id="S1W1C1">C</c>ae<c xml:id="S1W1C2">s</c>ar</w>
 <w xml:id="S1W2">
  <c xml:id="S1W2C1">s</c>ei<c xml:id="S1W2C2">z</c>e<c xml:id="S1W2C3">d</c>
 </w>
 <w xml:id="S1W3">con<c xml:id="S1W3C1">t</c>rol</w>.

</s>
<fvLib xml:id="FSL1"
 n="phonological segment definitions">
<!-- as in previous example -->
</fvLib>
<linkGrp type="phonology">
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W3C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C3"/>
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W2C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C2"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s xml:id="mds09" n="00741">
 <w xml:id="mds0901">The</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0902">closest</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0903">he</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0904">came</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0905">to</w>
 <w xml:id="mds0906">exercise</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

21. Non-hierarchical Structures

21.2. Boundary Marking with Empty Elements

<phr function="NP">
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPstart"
  xml:id="NPInterpretationB"/>
 <w function="A">Fast</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPstart"
  xml:id="NPInterpretationA"/>
 <w function="N">trains</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPend"
  corresp="#NPInterpretationB"/>
 <w function="C">and</w>
 <w function="N">planes</w>
 <anchor type="delimiter" subtype="NPend"
  corresp="#NPInterpretationA"/>
</phr>

21.3. Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements

<l>
 <w xml:id="w01">Scorn</w>
 <w xml:id="w02">not</w>
 <w xml:id="w03">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w04">sonnet</w>; <w xml:id="w05">critic</w>, <w xml:id="w06">you</w>
 <w xml:id="w07">have</w>
 <w xml:id="w08">frowned</w>,
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w09">Mindless</w>
 <w xml:id="w10">of</w>
 <w xml:id="w11">its</w>
 <w xml:id="w12">just</w>
 <w xml:id="w13">honours</w>; <w xml:id="w14">with</w>
 <w xml:id="w15">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w16">key</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w17">Shakespeare</w>
 <w xml:id="w18">unlocked</w>
 <w xml:id="w19">his</w>
 <w xml:id="w20">heart</w>; <w xml:id="w21">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w22">melody</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w23">Of</w>
 <w xml:id="w24">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w25">small</w>
 <w xml:id="w26">lute</w>
 <w xml:id="w27">gave</w>
 <w xml:id="w28">ease</w>
 <w xml:id="w29">to</w>
 <w xml:id="w30">Petrarch's</w>
 <w xml:id="w31">wound</w>.
</l>
<!-- Elsewhere in the document -->
<p>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w01 #w02 #w03 #w04"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w05 #w06 #w07 #w08 #w09 #w10 #w11 #w12 #w13"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w14 #w15 #w16 #w17 #w18 #w19 #w20"/>
 <join result="s" scope="root"
  target="#w21 #w22 #w23 #w24 #w25 #w26 #w27 #w28 #w29 #w30 #w31"/>
</p>

21.4. Stand-off Markup

<l>
 <w xml:id="w001">Scorn</w>
 <w xml:id="w002">not</w>
 <w xml:id="w003">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w004">sonnet</w>; <w xml:id="w005">critic</w>, <w xml:id="w006">you</w>
 <w xml:id="w007">have</w>
 <w xml:id="w008">frowned</w>,
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w009">Mindless</w>
 <w xml:id="w010">of</w>
 <w xml:id="w011">its</w>
 <w xml:id="w012">just</w>
 <w xml:id="w013">honours</w>; <w xml:id="w014">with</w>
 <w xml:id="w015">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w016">key</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w017">Shakespeare</w>
 <w xml:id="w018">unlocked</w>
 <w xml:id="w019">his</w>
 <w xml:id="w020">heart</w>; <w xml:id="w021">the</w>
 <w xml:id="w022">melody</w>
</l>
<l>
 <w xml:id="w023">Of</w>
 <w xml:id="w024">this</w>
 <w xml:id="w025">small</w>
 <w xml:id="w026">lute</w>
 <w xml:id="w027">gave</w>
 <w xml:id="w028">ease</w>
 <w xml:id="w029">to</w>
 <w xml:id="w030">Petrarch's</w>
 <w xml:id="w031">wound</w>.
</l>
<!-- elsewhere in the current document -->

<p xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w001),element(w004))"/>
</seg>
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w005),element(w013))"/>
</seg>
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w014),element(w020))"/>
</seg>
<seg>
<xi:include xpointer="range(element(w021),element(w031))"/>
</seg>
</p>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<m>

<m> (morpheme) represents a grammatical morpheme. [18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.notated

@notation

att.segLike

@function

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

baseForm baseForm⚓︎
supplies the morpheme's base form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.word

Member of

model.segLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c interp interpGrp m span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb ellipsis gap gb hi index lb milestone note noteGrp pb q

figures: figure notatedMusic

gaiji: g

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

character data

Note

The type attribute may be used to indicate the type of morpheme, taking values such as clitic, prefix, stem, etc. as appropriate.

Example

<w type="adjective">
 <w type="noun">
  <m type="prefix" baseForm="con">com</m>
  <m type="root">fort</m>
 </w>
 <m type="suffix">able</m>
</w>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.hiLike"/>
  <elementRef key="seg"/>
  <elementRef key="m"/>
  <elementRef key="c"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element m
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.segLike.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute baseForm { teidata.word }?,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.hiLike | seg | m | c | model.global )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <m> (morpheme)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <m> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <m> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<w type="adjective">
 <m type="base">
  <m type="prefix" baseForm="con">com</m>
  <m type="root">fort</m>
 </m>
 <m type="suffix">able</m>
</w>

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<m baseForm="not">
 <c>n</c>
 <c type="punct">'</c>
 <c>t</c>
</m>

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<w>I</w>
<w>
 <m baseForm="do">did</m>
 <m>n't</m>
</w>
<w lemma="do">do</w>
<w>it</w>
<pc>.</pc>

<m>

<w type="adjective">
 <w type="noun">
  <m type="prefix" baseForm="con">com</m>
  <m type="root">fort</m>
 </w>
 <m type="suffix">able</m>
</w>

<m>

<w type="adjective">
 <w type="noun">
  <m type="prefix" baseForm="con">con</m>
  <m type="root">fort</m>
 </w>
 <m type="suffix">able</m>
</w>

<m>

<w type="形容詞">
 <w type="名詞">
  <m type="字首" baseForm="con">com</m>
  <m type="字根">fort</m>
 </w>
 <m type="字尾">able</m>
</w>

att.linguistic

<w type="動詞" lemma="hit">hitt<m type="字尾">ing</m>
</w>

att.linguistic

<w type="verb" lemma="hit"
 lemmaRef="http://www.example.com/lexicon/hitvb.xml">hitt<m type="suffix">ing</m>
</w>

att.linguistic

<w type="verb" lemma="nage"
 lemmaRef="http://www.example.com/lexicon/hitvb.xml">nag<m type="suffix">er</m>
</w>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<s type="sentence">
 <phr ana="#n">
  <phr ana="#gn">
   <w ana="#AT0">The</w>
   <w ana="#NN1">victim</w>
   <m ana="#POS">'s</m>
  </phr>
  <w ana="#NN2">friends</w>
 </phr>
 <phr ana="#v">
  <w ana="#VVD">told</w>
  <phr ana="#n">
   <w ana="#NN2">police</w>
  </phr>
  <cl ana="#fn">
   <w ana="#CJT">that</w>
   <phr ana="#n">
    <w ana="#NP0">Krueger</w>
   </phr>
   <phr ana="#v">
    <phr ana="#v1">
     <w ana="#VVD">drove</w>
     <phr ana="#pr">
      <w ana="#PRP">into</w>
      <phr ana="#n">
       <w ana="#AT0">the</w>
       <w ana="#NN1">quarry</w>
      </phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
    <w ana="#CJC">and</w>
    <phr ana="#v2">
     <w ana="#AV0">never</w>
     <w ana="#VVD">surfaced</w>
    </phr>
   </phr>
  </cl>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">.</c>
</s>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<c>

<c> (character) represents a character. [18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.notated

@notation

att.segLike

@function

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.linePart model.segLike

Contained by

analysis: cl m pc phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

gaiji: g

character data

Note

Contains a single character, a g element, or a sequence of graphemes to be treated as a single character. The type attribute is used to indicate the function of this segmentation, taking values such as letter, punctuation, or digit etc.

Example

<phr>
 <c>M</c>
 <c>O</c>
 <c>A</c>
 <c>I</c>
 <w>doth</w>
 <w>sway</w>
 <w>my</w>
 <w>life</w>
</phr>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element c
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.notated.attributes,
   att.segLike.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   macro.xtext
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <c> (character)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <c> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <c> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

9. Computer-mediated Communication

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

19. Feature Structures

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.4.2. Ruby Annotations

<p style="writing-mode: vertical-rl"
 xml:lang="ja">
<!--...-->
 <ruby>
  <rb xml:id="dakyuuba">
   <c xml:id="chr1">打</c>
   <c xml:id="chr2">球</c>
   <c>場</c>
  </rb>
  <rt place="left" target="#dakyuuba">ビリヤード</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr1">ダ</rt>
  <rt place="right" target="#chr2">キウ</rt>
 </ruby>
<!--...-->
</p>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.1. Emojis and Emoticons

<post xml:lang="de">Da kostet ein Haarschnitt 50 € <c type="emoji" ana="#fsif"
  generatedBy="template">😱</c>
</post>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<phr>
 <c>M</c>
 <c>O</c>
 <c>A</c>
 <c>I</c>
 <w>doth</w>
 <w>sway</w>
 <w>my</w>
 <w>life</w>
</phr>

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<m baseForm="not">
 <c>n</c>
 <c type="punct">'</c>
 <c>t</c>
</m>

<c>

<phr>
 <c>M</c>
 <c>O</c>
 <c>A</c>
 <c>I</c>
 <w>doth</w>
 <w>sway</w>
 <w>my</w>
 <w>life</w>
</phr>

<c>

<c type="punctuation">?</c>

<c>

<c type="標點符號">?</c>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<s type="sentence">
 <phr ana="#n">
  <phr ana="#gn">
   <w ana="#AT0">The</w>
   <w ana="#NN1">victim</w>
   <m ana="#POS">'s</m>
  </phr>
  <w ana="#NN2">friends</w>
 </phr>
 <phr ana="#v">
  <w ana="#VVD">told</w>
  <phr ana="#n">
   <w ana="#NN2">police</w>
  </phr>
  <cl ana="#fn">
   <w ana="#CJT">that</w>
   <phr ana="#n">
    <w ana="#NP0">Krueger</w>
   </phr>
   <phr ana="#v">
    <phr ana="#v1">
     <w ana="#VVD">drove</w>
     <phr ana="#pr">
      <w ana="#PRP">into</w>
      <phr ana="#n">
       <w ana="#AT0">the</w>
       <w ana="#NN1">quarry</w>
      </phr>
     </phr>
    </phr>
    <w ana="#CJC">and</w>
    <phr ana="#v2">
     <w ana="#AV0">never</w>
     <w ana="#VVD">surfaced</w>
    </phr>
   </phr>
  </cl>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">.</c>
</s>

19. Feature Structures

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s n="00741">
 <w ana="#at0">The</w>
 <w ana="#ajs">closest</w>
 <w ana="#pnp">he</w>
 <w ana="#vvd">came</w>
 <w ana="#prp">to</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">exercise</w>
 <w ana="#vbd">was</w>
 <w ana="#to0">to</w>
 <w ana="#vvi">open</w>
 <w ana="#crd">one</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">eye</w>
 <phr ana="#av0">
  <w>every</w>
  <w>so</w>
  <w>often</w>
 </phr>
 <c ana="#pun">,</c>
 <w ana="#cjs">if</w>
 <w ana="#pni">someone</w>
 <w ana="#vvd">entered</w>
 <w ana="#at0">the</w>
 <w ana="#nn1">room</w>
<!-- ... -->
</s>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s>
 <w xml:id="S1W1">
  <c xml:id="S1W1C1">C</c>ae<c xml:id="S1W1C2">s</c>ar</w>
 <w xml:id="S1W2">
  <c xml:id="S1W2C1">s</c>ei<c xml:id="S1W2C2">z</c>e<c xml:id="S1W2C3">d</c>
 </w>
 <w xml:id="S1W3">con<c xml:id="S1W3C1">t</c>rol</w>.

</s>
<fvLib xml:id="FSL1"
 n="phonological segment definitions">
<!-- as in previous example -->
</fvLib>
<linkGrp type="phonology">
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W3C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C3"/>
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W2C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C2"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<pc>

<pc> (punctuation character) contains a character or string of characters regarded as constituting a single punctuation mark. [18.1.2. Below the Word Level 18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.linguistic

@lemma

@lemmaRef

@pos

@msd

@join

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

att.segLike

@function

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

att.typed

@type

@subtype

force force⚓︎
indicates the extent to which this punctuation mark conventionally separates words or phrases.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

strong

the punctuation mark is a word separator

weak

the punctuation mark is not a word separator

inter

the punctuation mark may or may not be a word separator

unit unit⚓︎
provides a name for the kind of unit delimited by this punctuation mark.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

pre pre⚓︎
indicates whether this punctuation mark precedes or follows the unit it delimits.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Member of

model.linePart model.segLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus zone

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c

core: abbr add choice corr del expan orig reg sic unclear

gaiji: g

transcr: am damage ex handShift mod redo restore retrace secl subst supplied surplus undo

character data

Example

<phr>
 <w>do</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w>understand</w>
 <pc type="interrogative">?</pc>
</phr>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

Example encoding of the German sentence Wir fahren in den Urlaub., encoded with attributes from att.linguistic discussed in section 18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation.

<s>
 <w pos="PPER" msd="1.Pl.*.Nom">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" msd="1.Pl.Pres.Ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" msd="Def.Masc.Akk.Sg.">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" msd="Masc.Akk.Sg.">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." msd="--" join="left">.</pc>
</s>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <elementRef key="c"/>
  <classRef key="model.pPart.edit"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element pc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.linguistic.attributes,
   att.lexicographic.normalized.attributes,
   att.segLike.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   att.fragmentable.attributes,
   att.metrical.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute force { "strong" | "weak" | "inter" }?,
   attribute unit { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute pre { teidata.truthValue }?,
   ( text | model.gLike | c | model.pPart.edit )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <pc> (punctuation character)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <pc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <pc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

10. Dictionaries

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.2.2. Hyphenation

tea<pc force="inter">-</pc>pot

10. Dictionaries

10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure

<entry type="wordFamily" xml:lang="ar"
 xml:id="syj">
 <form type="root">
  <orth>سيج</orth>
 </form>
 <pc>:</pc>
<!-- To fence (verb) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj1">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>سيّج</orth>
  </form>
  <sense xml:id="syj1_sense1">
   <cit type="example">
    <quote>الكرم</quote>
   </cit>
   <pc>:</pc>
   <def>جعل له سياجا</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>٠</pc>
 </entry>
<!-- A fence (noun) -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj2">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السياج</orth>
  </form>
  <form type="inflected">
   <gramGrp>
    <gram type="number" value="plural">ج</gram>
   </gramGrp>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سيَاجات</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>أَسْوِجة</orth>
   </form>
   <lbl>و</lbl>
   <form type="variant">
    <orth>سُوج</orth>
   </form>
  </form>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense1">
   <def>الحائط</def>
  </sense>
  <pc>||</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj2_sense2">
   <def>ما أُحيط بهِ على شيءٍ كالكرم و النخل</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
 <pc>٠</pc>
<!-- A kind of fish -->
 <entry type="mainEntry" xml:id="syj3">
  <form type="lemma">
   <orth>السيْجان</orth>
  </form>
  <pc>(</pc>
  <usg type="domain" value="animal">ح</usg>
  <pc>)</pc>
  <pc>:</pc>
  <sense xml:id="syj3_sense1">
   <def>نوع من السمك</def>
  </sense>
 </entry>
</entry>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

deus qui regis omnia
<pc>
 <g ref="#pelev">;</g>
</pc> natus est in bethlehem
<pc>.</pc>o <pc>.</pc> mira gratia...

<!-- elsewhere -->
<char xml:id="pelev">
<!-- definition of the punctus elevatus character -->
</char>

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<p>
 <pc unit="para" force="strong" pre="true">¶</pc>Incipit...
</p>

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

A fire<pc force="strong">-</pc>proof vest is recom<pc force="weak">-</pc><lb/> mended. 

18.1.2. Below the Word Level

<w>I</w>
<w>
 <m baseForm="do">did</m>
 <m>n't</m>
</w>
<w lemma="do">do</w>
<w>it</w>
<pc>.</pc>

<w>

<l>
 <w lemma="it" pos="pn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0100">IT</w>
 <w lemma="have" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0110">hath</w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0120">been</w>
 <w lemma="say" pos="vvn"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0130">said</w>
 <w lemma="of" pos="acp-p"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0140">of</w>
 <w lemma="old" pos="j"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0150">old</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0160">,</pc>
 <w lemma="that" pos="cs"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0170">that</w>
 <w lemma="play" pos="vvz"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0180">
  <choice>
   <orig>Playes</orig>
   <reg>Plays</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <w lemma="be" pos="vvb"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0190">are</w>
 <w lemma="feast" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0200">Feasts</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0210">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100220">
 <w lemma="poet" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0220">Poets</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0230">the</w>
 <w lemma="cook" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0240">
  <choice>
   <orig>Cookes</orig>
   <reg>Cooks</reg>
  </choice>
 </w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0250">,</pc>
 <w lemma="and" pos="cc"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0260">and</w>
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0270">the</w>
 <w lemma="spectator" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0280">Spectators</w>
 <w lemma="guest" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0290">Guests</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0300">,</pc>
</l>
<l xml:id="A19883-e100230">
 <w lemma="the" pos="d"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0310">The</w>
 <w lemma="actor" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0320">Actors</w>
 <w lemma="waiter" pos="n2"
  xml:id="A19883-003-a-0330">Waiters</w>
 <pc xml:id="A19883-003-a-0340">:</pc>
<!-- ... -->
</l>

<pc>

<phr>
 <w>do</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w>understand</w>
 <pc type="interrogative">?</pc>
</phr>

<pc>

<s>
 <w pos="PPER" msd="1.Pl.*.Nom">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" msd="1.Pl.Pres.Ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" msd="Def.Masc.Akk.Sg.">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" msd="Masc.Akk.Sg.">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." msd="--" join="left">.</pc>
</s>

att.linguistic

<p>
 <w pos="PPIS2">We</w>
 <w pos="VBR">'re</w>
 <w pos="VVG">going</w>
 <w pos="II">on</w>
 <w pos="NN1">vacation</w>
 <w pos="II">to</w>
 <w pos="NP1">Brazil</w>
 <w pos="IF">for</w>
 <w pos="AT1">a</w>
 <w pos="NNT1">month</w>
 <pc pos="!">!</pc>
</p>

att.linguistic

<ab>
 <w pos="PPER" msd="1.Pl.*.Nom">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" msd="1.Pl.Pres.Ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" msd="Def.Masc.Akk.Sg">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" msd="Masc.Akk.Sg">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." msd="--">.</pc>
</ab>

att.linguistic

<s>
 <pc join="right">"</pc>
 <w join="left">Friends</w>
 <w>will</w>
 <w>be</w>
 <w join="right">friends</w>
 <pc join="both">.</pc>
 <pc join="left">"</pc>
</s>

att.linguistic

<p>
 <w pos="PNP">We</w>
 <w pos="VBB" join="left">'re</w>
 <w pos="VVG">going</w>
 <w pos="PRP">on</w>
 <w pos="NN1">vacation</w>
 <pc pos="PUN" join="left">.</pc>
</p>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<s><w pos="AT0">The</w> <w pos="NN1">victim</w><w pos="POS">'s</w> <w pos="NN2">friends</w>     <w pos="VVD">told</w> <w pos="NN2">police</w> <w pos="CJT">that</w> <w pos="NP0">Kruger</w>     <w pos="VVD">drove</w> <w pos="PRP">into</w> <w pos="AT0">the</w> <w pos="NN1">quarry</w>     <w pos="CJC">and</w> <w pos="AV0">never</w> <w pos="SENT">surfaced</w><pc pos="PUN">.</pc></s>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<s>
 <w pos="AT">The</w>
 <w pos="NN1">victim</w>
 <w pos="GE" join="left">'s</w>
 <w pos="NN2">friends</w>
 <w pos="VVD">told</w>
 <w pos="NN2">police</w>
 <w pos="CST">that</w>
 <w pos="NP1">Kruger</w>
 <w pos="VVD">drove</w>
 <w pos="II">into</w>
 <w pos="AT">the</w>
 <w pos="NN1">quarry</w>
 <w pos="CC">and</w>
 <w pos="RR">never</w>
 <w pos="VVD">surfaced</w>
 <pc pos="." join="left">.</pc>
</s>

18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation

<s>
 <w pos="PPER" lemma="wir"
  msd="pers:subst:p1:nom:pl">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" lemma="fahren"
  msd="p1:pl:pres:ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" lemma="in" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" lemma="d"
  msd="def:acc:sg:masc">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" lemma="Urlaub"
  msd="acc:sg:masc">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." lemma="." msd="--" join="left">.</pc>
</s>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Home

C Elements

<span>

<span> associates an interpretative annotation directly with a span of text. [18.3. Spans and Interpretations]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.interpLike

@type

@subtype

@inst

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

from from⚓︎
gives the identifier of the node which is the starting point of the span of text being annotated; if not accompanied by a to attribute, gives the identifier of the node of the entire span of text being annotated.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

to to⚓︎
gives the identifier of the node which is the end-point of the span of text being annotated.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span spanGrp w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<p xml:id="para2">(The "aftermath" starts here)</p>
<p xml:id="para3">(The "aftermath" continues here)</p>
<p xml:id="para4">(The "aftermath" ends in this paragraph)</p>
<!-- ... -->
<span type="structure" from="#para2"
 to="#para4">aftermath</span>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:span">
<sch:report test="@from and @target"> Only one of the attributes @target and @from may be supplied on <sch:name/>
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:span">
<sch:report test="@to and @target"> Only one of the attributes @target and @to may be supplied on <sch:name/>
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:span">
<sch:report test="@to and not(@from)"> If @to is supplied on <sch:name/>, @from must be supplied as well
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:span">
<sch:report test="contains(normalize-space(@to),' ') or contains(normalize-space(@from),' ')"> The attributes @to and @from on <sch:name/> may each contain only a single value
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element span
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.interpLike.attributes,
   att.pointing.attributes,
   attribute from { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute to { teidata.pointer }?,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <span>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <span> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <span> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotationBlock corresp="#u1">
  <spanGrp type="pos">
   <span from="#e14.w1" to="#e14.w1">CONJ</span>
   <span from="#e14.w2" to="#e14.w2">RELPRO</span>
   <span from="#e14.w3" to="#e14.w3">V</span>
  </spanGrp>
  <spanGrp type="prosody">
   <span from="#T0" to="#T1">faster</span>
  </spanGrp>
 </annotationBlock>
<!-- ... annotationBlocks for #u2 through #u27 here -->
</listAnnotation>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<s>
 <w>What</w>
 <w>did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk01">make</w>
 <w xml:id="up01">up</w>
</s>
<span from="#mk01" to="#up01">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<s>
 <w>What</w>
 <w>did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk02">make</w>
 <w xml:id="up02">up</w>
</s>
<span target="#mk02 #up02">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<s>
 <w>Did</w>
 <w>you</w>
 <w xml:id="mk03">make</w>
 <w>it</w>
 <w xml:id="up03">up</w>
</s>
<span target="#mk03 #up03">phrasal verb "make up"</span>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="MaQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point at which the
   thing began.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable,
   and nothing could have frightened it away.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration, during which she,
   and the little animals, and the moving grasses, and the sun-warmed
   trees, and the slopes of shivering silvery mealies, and the great
   dome of blue light overhead, and the stones of earth under her feet,
   became one, shuddering together in a dissolution of dancing
   atoms.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground forcing
   themselves painfully along her veins, swelling them out in an
   unbearable pressure; her flesh was the earth, and suffered growth
   like a ferment; and her eyes stared, fixed like the eye of the
   sun.</s>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer (if the terms for time
   apply) could she have borne it; but then, with a sudden movement
   forwards and out, the whole process stopped; and <emph rend="italic">that</emph> was <soCalled rend="dquo">the
     moment</soCalled> which it was impossible to remember
   afterwards.</s>
 <span from="#MaQp1s2p114s3"
  to="#MaQp1s2p114s5">the moment</span>
 <s xml:id="MaQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time (which was
   timeless) she understood quite finally her smallness, the
   unimportance of humanity.</s>
</p>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<spanGrp resp="#DTL">
 <span from="#MaQp1s2p114s3"
  to="#MaQp1s2p114s5">the moment</span>
<!-- other spans identified by DTL here -->
</spanGrp>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="P1">
 <s xml:id="S1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
 <s xml:id="S2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
 <s xml:id="S3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ...</s>
 <s xml:id="S4A">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="S4B">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
 <s xml:id="S7">She took poison ... and brought it to Sinfiotli.</s>
 <s xml:id="S17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 <anchor xml:id="EOS17"/>
</p>
<p xml:id="P2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="P3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="P4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<spanGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="narrative-structure">
 <span from="#S1" to="#S3">introduction</span>
 <span from="#S4A">conflict</span>
 <span from="#S4B">climax</span>
 <span from="#S5" to="#S17">revenge</span>
 <span from="#EOS17">reconciliation</span>
 <span from="#P2" to="#P4">aftermath</span>
</spanGrp>

<span>

<p xml:id="para2">(The "aftermath" starts here)</p>
<p xml:id="para3">(The "aftermath" continues here)</p>
<p xml:id="para4">(The "aftermath" ends in this paragraph)</p>
<!-- ... -->
<span type="structure" from="#para2"
 to="#para4">aftermath</span>

<span>

<p xml:id="fr_para2">(la "conséquence" commence ici)</p>
<p xml:id="fr_para3">(la "conséquence" continue ici)</p>
<p xml:id="fr_para4">(la "conséquence" se termine dans ce paragraphe)</p>
<span type="structure" from="#fr_para2"
 to="#fr_para4">conséquence</span>

<span>

<p xml:id="zh-tw_第二小節">("結局"從這裡開始)</p>
<p xml:id="zh-tw_第三小節">("結局"持續)</p>
<p xml:id="zh-tw_第四小節">("結局"結束於此)</p>
<!-- ... -->
<span type="架構" from="#zh-tw_第二小節"
 to="#zh-tw_第四小節">結局</span>

<spanGrp>

<u xml:id="UU1">Can I have ten oranges and a kilo of bananas please?</u>
<u xml:id="UU2">Yes, anything else?</u>
<u xml:id="UU3">No thanks.</u>
<u xml:id="UU4">That'll be dollar forty.</u>
<u xml:id="UU5">Two dollars</u>
<u xml:id="UU6">Sixty, eighty, two dollars.
<anchor xml:id="UU6e"/>Thank you.<anchor xml:id="UU6f"/>
</u>
<spanGrp type="transactions">
 <span from="#UU1">sale request</span>
 <span from="#UU2" to="#UU3">sale compliance</span>
 <span from="#UU4">sale</span>
 <span from="#UU5" to="#UU6">purchase</span>
 <span from="#UU6e" to="#UU6f">purchase closure</span>
</spanGrp>

18.4.3. Spoken Text

<u xml:id="u1">Can I have ten oranges and a kilo of bananas please?</u>
<u xml:id="u2">Yes, anything else?</u>
<u xml:id="u3">No thanks.</u>
<u xml:id="u4">That'll be dollar forty.</u>
<u xml:id="u5">Two dollars</u>
<u xml:id="u6">Sixty, eighty, two dollars. Thank you.</u>
<spanGrp type="transactions">
 <span from="#u1">sale request</span>
 <span from="#u2" to="#u3">sale compliance</span>
 <span from="#u4">sale</span>
 <span from="#u5">purchase</span>
 <span from="#u6">purchase closure</span>
</spanGrp>

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C Elements

<spanGrp>

<spanGrp> (span group) collects together span tags. [18.3. Spans and Interpretations]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.interpLike

@type

@subtype

@inst

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: annotationBlock u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: span

core: desc

Example

<u xml:id="UU1">Can I have ten oranges and a kilo of bananas please?</u>
<u xml:id="UU2">Yes, anything else?</u>
<u xml:id="UU3">No thanks.</u>
<u xml:id="UU4">That'll be dollar forty.</u>
<u xml:id="UU5">Two dollars</u>
<u xml:id="UU6">Sixty, eighty, two dollars.
<anchor xml:id="UU6e"/>Thank you.<anchor xml:id="UU6f"/>
</u>
<spanGrp type="transactions">
 <span from="#UU1">sale request</span>
 <span from="#UU2" to="#UU3">sale compliance</span>
 <span from="#UU4">sale</span>
 <span from="#UU5" to="#UU6">purchase</span>
 <span from="#UU6e" to="#UU6f">purchase closure</span>
</spanGrp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.descLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="span" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element spanGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.interpLike.attributes,
   ( model.descLike*, span* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <spanGrp> (span group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <spanGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <spanGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

<listAnnotation>

<listAnnotation>
 <annotationBlock corresp="#u1">
  <spanGrp type="pos">
   <span from="#e14.w1" to="#e14.w1">CONJ</span>
   <span from="#e14.w2" to="#e14.w2">RELPRO</span>
   <span from="#e14.w3" to="#e14.w3">V</span>
  </spanGrp>
  <spanGrp type="prosody">
   <span from="#T0" to="#T1">faster</span>
  </spanGrp>
 </annotationBlock>
<!-- ... annotationBlocks for #u2 through #u27 here -->
</listAnnotation>

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<spanGrp resp="#DTL">
 <span from="#MaQp1s2p114s3"
  to="#MaQp1s2p114s5">the moment</span>
<!-- other spans identified by DTL here -->
</spanGrp>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="P1">
 <s xml:id="S1">Sigmund ... was a king in Frankish country.</s>
 <s xml:id="S2">Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons.</s>
 <s xml:id="S3">Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ...</s>
 <s xml:id="S4A">But Sinfiotli ... wooed the same woman</s>
 <s xml:id="S4B">and Sinfiotli killed him over it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S5">And when he came home, ... she was obliged to accept it.</s>
 <s xml:id="S6">At the funeral feast Borghild was serving beer.</s>
 <s xml:id="S7">She took poison ... and brought it to Sinfiotli.</s>
 <s xml:id="S17">Sinfiotli drank it off and at once fell dead.</s>
 <anchor xml:id="EOS17"/>
</p>
<p xml:id="P2">Sigmund carried him a long way in his arms ... </p>
<p xml:id="P3">King Sigmund lived a long time in Denmark ... </p>
<p xml:id="P4">Sigmund and all his sons were tall ... </p>
<spanGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="narrative-structure">
 <span from="#S1" to="#S3">introduction</span>
 <span from="#S4A">conflict</span>
 <span from="#S4B">climax</span>
 <span from="#S5" to="#S17">revenge</span>
 <span from="#EOS17">reconciliation</span>
 <span from="#P2" to="#P4">aftermath</span>
</spanGrp>

<spanGrp>

<u xml:id="UU1">Can I have ten oranges and a kilo of bananas please?</u>
<u xml:id="UU2">Yes, anything else?</u>
<u xml:id="UU3">No thanks.</u>
<u xml:id="UU4">That'll be dollar forty.</u>
<u xml:id="UU5">Two dollars</u>
<u xml:id="UU6">Sixty, eighty, two dollars.
<anchor xml:id="UU6e"/>Thank you.<anchor xml:id="UU6f"/>
</u>
<spanGrp type="transactions">
 <span from="#UU1">sale request</span>
 <span from="#UU2" to="#UU3">sale compliance</span>
 <span from="#UU4">sale</span>
 <span from="#UU5" to="#UU6">purchase</span>
 <span from="#UU6e" to="#UU6f">purchase closure</span>
</spanGrp>

18.4.3. Spoken Text

<u xml:id="u1">Can I have ten oranges and a kilo of bananas please?</u>
<u xml:id="u2">Yes, anything else?</u>
<u xml:id="u3">No thanks.</u>
<u xml:id="u4">That'll be dollar forty.</u>
<u xml:id="u5">Two dollars</u>
<u xml:id="u6">Sixty, eighty, two dollars. Thank you.</u>
<spanGrp type="transactions">
 <span from="#u1">sale request</span>
 <span from="#u2" to="#u3">sale compliance</span>
 <span from="#u4">sale</span>
 <span from="#u5">purchase</span>
 <span from="#u6">purchase closure</span>
</spanGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<interp>

<interp> (interpretation) summarizes a specific interpretative annotation which can be linked to a span of text. [18.3. Spans and Interpretations]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.interpLike

@type

@subtype

@inst

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl interpGrp m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: desc

gaiji: g

character data

Note

Generally, each interp element carries an xml:id attribute. This permits the encoder to explicitly associate the interpretation represented by the content of an interp with any textual element through its ana attribute.

Alternatively (or, in addition) an interp may carry an inst attribute that points to one or more textual elements to which the analysis represented by the content of the interp applies.

Example

<interp type="structuralunit"
 xml:id="ana_am">aftermath</interp>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.certLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element interp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.interpLike.attributes,
   ( text | model.gLike | model.descLike | model.certLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <interp> (interpretation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <interp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <interp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<p xml:id="MarQp1s2p114">
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s1">There was certainly a definite point ... </s>
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s2">It was not; then it was suddenly inescapable ... </s>
 <seg xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s3-5"
  ana="#moment">
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s3">There was a slow integration ... </s>
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s4">She felt the rivers under the ground ... </s>
  <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s5">Not for one second longer ... </s>
 </seg>
 <s xml:id="MarQp1s2p114s6">For during that space of time ... </s>
</p>
<interp xml:id="moment">the moment</interp>

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<interpGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <interp xml:id="INTRO">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CONFLICT">conflict</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CLIMAX">climax</interp>
 <interp xml:id="REVENGE">revenge</interp>
 <interp xml:id="RECONCIL">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="AFTERM">aftermath</interp>
</interpGrp>

<interp>

<interp type="structuralunit"
 xml:id="ana_am">aftermath</interp>

<interp>

<interp type="structuralunit">conséquence</interp>

<interp>

<interp type="段落架構">結局</interp>

<interpGrp>

<interpGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <desc>basic structural organization</desc>
 <interp xml:id="I1">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I2">conflict</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I3">climax</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I4">revenge</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I5">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I6">aftermath</interp>
</interpGrp>
<bibl xml:id="TMA">
<!-- bibliographic citation for source of this interpretive framework -->
</bibl>

<interpGrp>

<interpGrp resp="#fr_TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <desc>Organisation structurelle de base</desc>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I1">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I2">conflit</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I3">apogée</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I4">vengeance</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I5">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I6">conséquence</interp>
</interpGrp>

<interpGrp>

<interpGrp resp="#zh-tw_TMA" type="段落架構">
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註11">序</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I2">衝突</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I3">高潮</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I4">復仇</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I5">調和</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I6">結局</interp>
</interpGrp>
<bibl xml:id="zh-tw_TMA">
<!-- 註明資料來源-->
</bibl>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<interpGrp type="POS">
 <interp xml:id="AT0">Definite article</interp>
 <interp xml:id="AV0">Adverb</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CJC">Conjunction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CJT">Relative that</interp>
 <interp xml:id="NN1">Noun singular</interp>
 <interp xml:id="NN2">Noun plural</interp>
 <interp xml:id="NP0">Proper noun</interp>
 <interp xml:id="POS">Genitive marker</interp>
 <interp xml:id="PRP">Preposition</interp>
 <interp xml:id="VVD">Verb past tense</interp>
</interpGrp>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<interpGrp type="constituentFunction">
 <interp xml:id="v2">coordinate continuation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="v">verbal</interp>
 <interp xml:id="no">nominal</interp>
 <interp xml:id="gn">genitive</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fn">finite clause</interp>
 <interp xml:id="pr">prepositional</interp>
 <interp xml:id="v1">coordinate start</interp>
</interpGrp>

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<interpGrp>

<interpGrp> (interpretation group) collects together a set of related interpretations which share responsibility or type. [18.3. Spans and Interpretations]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.interpLike

@type

@subtype

@inst

Member of

model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

analysis: interp

core: desc

Note

Any number of interp elements.

Example

<interpGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <desc>basic structural organization</desc>
 <interp xml:id="I1">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I2">conflict</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I3">climax</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I4">revenge</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I5">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I6">aftermath</interp>
</interpGrp>
<bibl xml:id="TMA">
<!-- bibliographic citation for source of this interpretive framework -->
</bibl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.descLike"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="interp" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element interpGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.interpLike.attributes,
   ( model.descLike*, interp+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <interpGrp> (interpretation group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <interpGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <interpGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18. Simple Analytic Mechanisms

18.3. Spans and Interpretations

<interpGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <interp xml:id="INTRO">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CONFLICT">conflict</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CLIMAX">climax</interp>
 <interp xml:id="REVENGE">revenge</interp>
 <interp xml:id="RECONCIL">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="AFTERM">aftermath</interp>
</interpGrp>

<interpGrp>

<interpGrp resp="#TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <desc>basic structural organization</desc>
 <interp xml:id="I1">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I2">conflict</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I3">climax</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I4">revenge</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I5">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="I6">aftermath</interp>
</interpGrp>
<bibl xml:id="TMA">
<!-- bibliographic citation for source of this interpretive framework -->
</bibl>

<interpGrp>

<interpGrp resp="#fr_TMA"
 type="structuralunit">
 <desc>Organisation structurelle de base</desc>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I1">introduction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I2">conflit</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I3">apogée</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I4">vengeance</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I5">reconciliation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fr_I6">conséquence</interp>
</interpGrp>

<interpGrp>

<interpGrp resp="#zh-tw_TMA" type="段落架構">
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註11">序</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I2">衝突</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I3">高潮</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I4">復仇</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I5">調和</interp>
 <interp xml:id="zh-tw_註I6">結局</interp>
</interpGrp>
<bibl xml:id="zh-tw_TMA">
<!-- 註明資料來源-->
</bibl>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<interpGrp type="POS">
 <interp xml:id="AT0">Definite article</interp>
 <interp xml:id="AV0">Adverb</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CJC">Conjunction</interp>
 <interp xml:id="CJT">Relative that</interp>
 <interp xml:id="NN1">Noun singular</interp>
 <interp xml:id="NN2">Noun plural</interp>
 <interp xml:id="NP0">Proper noun</interp>
 <interp xml:id="POS">Genitive marker</interp>
 <interp xml:id="PRP">Preposition</interp>
 <interp xml:id="VVD">Verb past tense</interp>
</interpGrp>

18.4.1. Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices

<interpGrp type="constituentFunction">
 <interp xml:id="v2">coordinate continuation</interp>
 <interp xml:id="v">verbal</interp>
 <interp xml:id="no">nominal</interp>
 <interp xml:id="gn">genitive</interp>
 <interp xml:id="fn">finite clause</interp>
 <interp xml:id="pr">prepositional</interp>
 <interp xml:id="v1">coordinate start</interp>
</interpGrp>

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<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl> (feature system declaration) provides a feature system declaration comprising one or more feature structure declarations or feature structure declaration links. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.encodingDescPart model.resource

Contained by

core: teiCorpus

header: encodingDesc

textstructure: TEI

May contain

iso-fs: fLib fsDecl fsdLink fvLib

Example

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1" name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.fsdDeclPart"
  minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fsdDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   model.fsdDeclPart+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <fsdDecl> (feature system declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fsdDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fsdDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- example -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsDecl type="gpsg">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
    <fsDecl type="lex">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lex">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="gpsg" xml:id="GPSG">
<!-- information about this type -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsDecl type="lex" xml:id="LEX">
<!-- information about this type -->
 </fsDecl>
</fsdDecl>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- doc2 -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsdLink type="gpsg"
     target="example.xml#GPSG"/>
    <fsdLink type="lexx"
     target="example.xml#LEX"/>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lexx">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1" name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1-fr"
   name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

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<fsDecl>

<fsDecl> (feature structure declaration) declares one type of feature structure. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

type type⚓︎
gives a name for the type of feature structure being declared.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

baseTypes baseTypes⚓︎
gives the name of one or more typed feature structures from which this type inherits feature specifications and constraints; if this type includes a feature specification with the same name as that of any of those specified by this attribute, or if more than one specification of the same name is inherited, then the set of possible values is defined by unification. Similarly, the set of constraints applicable is derived by combining those specified explicitly within this element with those implied by the baseTypes attribute. When no baseTypes attribute is specified, no feature specification or constraint is inherited.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.name separated by whitespace

Note

Inheritance is defined here as a monotonous relation.

The process of combining constraints may result in a contradiction, for example if two specifications for the same feature specify disjoint ranges of values, and at least one such specification is mandatory. In such a case, there is no valid representative for the type being defined.

Member of

model.fsdDeclPart

Contained by

iso-fs: fsdDecl

May contain

iso-fs: fDecl fsConstraints fsDescr

Example

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- Any additional constraints for the feature structure -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="fsDescr" minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="fDecl" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="fsConstraints"
   minOccurs="0"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fsDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated },
   attribute baseTypes { list { teidata.name+ } }?,
   ( fsDescr?, fDecl+, fsConstraints? )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <fsDecl> (feature structure declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fsDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fsDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- example -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsDecl type="gpsg">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
    <fsDecl type="lex">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lex">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="gpsg" xml:id="GPSG">
<!-- information about this type -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsDecl type="lex" xml:id="LEX">
<!-- information about this type -->
 </fsDecl>
</fsdDecl>

19.11.2. The Overall Structure of a Feature System Declaration

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- The feature structure constraints go here -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1" name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1-fr"
   name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsDecl>

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- Any additional constraints for the feature structure -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

<fsDescr>

<fsDecl type="Agreement">
 <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
   for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="PERS">
  <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="first"/>
    <symbol value="second"/>
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="NUM">
  <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="singular"/>
    <symbol value="plural"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
</fsDecl>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<fsDescr>

<fsDescr> (feature system description (in FSD)) describes in prose what is represented by the type of feature structure declared in the enclosing fsDecl. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

iso-fs: fsDecl

May contain

core: abbr address bibl biblStruct choice cit date desc distinct email emph expan foreign gloss hi label list listBibl measure measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: table

header: biblFull idno

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef tag val

textcrit: listApp listWit

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: am ex subst

character data

Note

May contain character data, phrase-level elements, and inter-level elements.

Example

<fsDecl type="Agreement">
 <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
   for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="PERS">
  <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="first"/>
    <symbol value="second"/>
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="NUM">
  <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="singular"/>
    <symbol value="plural"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
</fsDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.limitedContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fsDescr
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.limitedContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <fsDescr> (feature system description (in FSD))

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fsDescr> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fsDescr> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.11.2. The Overall Structure of a Feature System Declaration

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- The feature structure constraints go here -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

<fsDecl>

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- Any additional constraints for the feature structure -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

<fsDescr>

<fsDecl type="Agreement">
 <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
   for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="PERS">
  <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="first"/>
    <symbol value="second"/>
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="NUM">
  <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="singular"/>
    <symbol value="plural"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
</fsDecl>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<fsdLink>

<fsdLink> (feature structure declaration link) associates the name of a typed feature structure with a feature structure declaration for it. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

type type⚓︎
identifies the type of feature structure to be documented; this will be the value of the type attribute on at least one feature structure.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

target target⚓︎
supplies a pointer to a feature structure declaration (fsDecl) element within the current document or elsewhere.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Member of

model.fsdDeclPart

Contained by

iso-fs: fsdDecl

May contain
Empty element

Example

<fsdLink type="subentry"
 target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#L1234"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fsdLink
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated },
   attribute target { teidata.pointer },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <fsdLink> (feature structure declaration link)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fsdLink> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fsdLink> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- doc2 -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsdLink type="gpsg"
     target="example.xml#GPSG"/>
    <fsdLink type="lexx"
     target="example.xml#LEX"/>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lexx">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1" name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1-fr"
   name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsdLink>

<fsdLink type="subentry"
 target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#L1234"/>

<fsdLink>

<fsdLink type="subentry"
 target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#L1234"/>

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C Elements

<fDecl>

<fDecl> (feature declaration) declares a single feature, specifying its name, organization, range of allowed values, and optionally its default value. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

name name⚓︎
a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name (see https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#dt-name), indicating the name of the feature being declared; matches the name attribute of f elements in the text.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.name

optional optional⚓︎
indicates whether or not the value of this feature may be present.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Default
true

Note

If a feature is marked as optional, it is possible for it to be omitted from a feature structure. If an obligatory feature is omitted, then it is understood to have a default value, either explicitly declared, or, if no default is supplied, the special value any. If an optional feature is omitted, then it is understood to be missing and any possible value (including the default) is ignored.

Contained by

iso-fs: fsDecl

May contain

iso-fs: fDescr vDefault vRange

Example

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="fDescr" minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="vRange"/>
  <elementRef key="vDefault" minOccurs="0"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   attribute name { teidata.name },
   attribute optional { teidata.truthValue }?,
   ( fDescr?, vRange, vDefault? )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <fDecl> (feature declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19. Feature Structures

19.11.2. The Overall Structure of a Feature System Declaration

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- The feature structure constraints go here -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1" name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1-fr"
   name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsDecl>

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- Any additional constraints for the feature structure -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

<fsDescr>

<fsDecl type="Agreement">
 <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
   for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="PERS">
  <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="first"/>
    <symbol value="second"/>
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="NUM">
  <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="singular"/>
    <symbol value="plural"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
</fsDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="CONJ">
 <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="and"/>
   <symbol value="both"/>
   <symbol value="but"/>
   <symbol value="either"/>
   <symbol value="neither"/>
   <symbol value="nor"/>
   <symbol value="or"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="AGR">
 <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <fs type="Agreement"/>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="PFORM">
 <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vNot>
   <string/>
  </vNot>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

<fDecl>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<fDescr>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vRange>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vDefault>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<fDescr>

<fDescr> (feature description (in FSD)) describes in prose what is represented by the feature being declared and its values. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

iso-fs: fDecl

May contain

core: abbr address bibl biblStruct choice cit date desc distinct email emph expan foreign gloss hi label list listBibl measure measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

drama: camera caption castList move sound tech view

figures: table

header: biblFull idno

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material msDesc objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

tagdocs: att classSpec code constraintSpec dataSpec eg egXML elementSpec gi ident listRef macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef tag val

textcrit: listApp listWit

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: am ex subst

character data

Note

May contain character data, phrase-level elements, and inter-level elements.

Example

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.limitedContent"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fDescr
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.limitedContent
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <fDescr> (feature description (in FSD))

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fDescr> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fDescr> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19. Feature Structures

<fsDescr>

<fsDecl type="Agreement">
 <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
   for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="PERS">
  <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="first"/>
    <symbol value="second"/>
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="NUM">
  <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="singular"/>
    <symbol value="plural"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
</fsDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="CONJ">
 <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="and"/>
   <symbol value="both"/>
   <symbol value="but"/>
   <symbol value="either"/>
   <symbol value="neither"/>
   <symbol value="nor"/>
   <symbol value="or"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="AGR">
 <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <fs type="Agreement"/>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="PFORM">
 <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vNot>
   <string/>
  </vNot>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

<fDecl>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<fDescr>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vRange>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vDefault>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<vRange>

<vRange> (value range) defines the range of allowed values for a feature, in the form of an fs, vAlt, or primitive value; for the value of an f to be valid, it must be subsumed by the specified range; if the f contains multiple values (as sanctioned by the org attribute), then each value must be subsumed by the vRange. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

iso-fs: fDecl

May contain

iso-fs: binary default fs numeric string symbol vAlt vColl vLabel vMerge vNot

Note

May contain any legal feature-value specification.

Example

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.featureVal"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element vRange
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   model.featureVal
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <vRange> (value range)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <vRange> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <vRange> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19. Feature Structures

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1" name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1-fr"
   name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsDecl>

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- Any additional constraints for the feature structure -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

<fsDescr>

<fsDecl type="Agreement">
 <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
   for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="PERS">
  <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="first"/>
    <symbol value="second"/>
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="NUM">
  <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="singular"/>
    <symbol value="plural"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
</fsDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="CONJ">
 <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="and"/>
   <symbol value="both"/>
   <symbol value="but"/>
   <symbol value="either"/>
   <symbol value="neither"/>
   <symbol value="nor"/>
   <symbol value="or"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="AGR">
 <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <fs type="Agreement"/>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="PFORM">
 <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vNot>
   <string/>
  </vNot>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

<fDecl>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<fDescr>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vRange>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vDefault>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

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C Elements

<vDefault>

<vDefault> (value default) declares the default value to be supplied when a feature structure does not contain an instance of f for this name; if unconditional, it is specified as one (or, depending on the value of the org attribute of the enclosing fDecl) more fs elements or primitive values; if conditional, it is specified as one or more if elements; if no default is specified, or no condition matches, the value none is assumed. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

iso-fs: fDecl

May contain

iso-fs: binary default fs if numeric string symbol vAlt vColl vLabel vMerge vNot

Note

May contain a legal feature value, or a series of if elements.

Example

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.featureVal"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="if" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element vDefault
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.featureVal+ | if+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <vDefault> (value default)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <vDefault> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <vDefault> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="CONJ">
 <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="and"/>
   <symbol value="both"/>
   <symbol value="but"/>
   <symbol value="either"/>
   <symbol value="neither"/>
   <symbol value="nor"/>
   <symbol value="or"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<fDecl>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<fDescr>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vRange>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vDefault>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<if>

<vDefault>
 <if>
  <fs>
   <f name="VFORM">
    <symbol value="INF"/>
   </f>
   <f name="SUBJ">
    <binary value="true"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <symbol value="for"/>
 </if>
</vDefault>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

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C Elements

<if>

<if> defines a conditional default value for a feature; the condition is specified as a feature structure, and is met if it subsumes the feature structure in the text for which a default value is sought. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

iso-fs: vDefault

May contain

iso-fs: binary default f fs numeric string symbol then vAlt vColl vLabel vMerge vNot

Note

May contain a feature structure, followed by a feature value; the two are separated by a then element.

Example

<vDefault>
 <if>
  <fs>
   <f name="VFORM">
    <symbol value="INF"/>
   </f>
   <f name="SUBJ">
    <binary value="true"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <symbol value="for"/>
 </if>
</vDefault>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="fs"/>
   <elementRef key="f"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="then"/>
  <classRef key="model.featureVal"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element if
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( ( fs | f ), then, model.featureVal )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <if>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <if> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <if> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<if>

<vDefault>
 <if>
  <fs>
   <f name="VFORM">
    <symbol value="INF"/>
   </f>
   <f name="SUBJ">
    <binary value="true"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <symbol value="for"/>
 </if>
</vDefault>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

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C Elements

<then>

<then> separates the condition from the default in an if, or the antecedent and the consequent in a cond element. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

iso-fs: cond if

May contain
Empty element

Note

This element is provided primarily to enhance the human readability of the feature-system declaration.

Example

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element then
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <then>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <then> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <then> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<if>

<vDefault>
 <if>
  <fs>
   <f name="VFORM">
    <symbol value="INF"/>
   </f>
   <f name="SUBJ">
    <binary value="true"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <symbol value="for"/>
 </if>
</vDefault>

<then>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="INV">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="AUX">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="VFORM">
   <symbol value="FIN"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

<fsConstraints>

<fsConstraints>
 <cond>
  <fs>
<!-- ...-->
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </fs>
 </cond>
</fsConstraints>

<cond>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

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C Elements

<fsConstraints>

<fsConstraints> (feature-structure constraints) specifies constraints on the content of valid feature structures. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

iso-fs: fsDecl

May contain

iso-fs: bicond cond

Note

May contain a series of conditional or biconditional elements.

Example

<fsConstraints>
 <cond>
  <fs>
<!-- ...-->
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </fs>
 </cond>
</fsConstraints>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="cond"/>
  <elementRef key="bicond"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fsConstraints
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( cond | bicond )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <fsConstraints> (feature-structure constraints)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fsConstraints> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fsConstraints> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.11.2. The Overall Structure of a Feature System Declaration

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- The feature structure constraints go here -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

<fsDecl>

<fsDecl type="SomeName">
 <fsDescr>Describes what this type of fs represents</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="featureOne">
<!-- The declaration for featureOne -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="featureTwo">
<!-- The declaration for featureTwo -->
  <vRange>
<!-- the range of possible values for this feature -->
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fsConstraints>
<!-- Any additional constraints for the feature structure -->
 </fsConstraints>
</fsDecl>

<fsConstraints>

<fsConstraints>
 <cond>
  <fs>
<!-- ...-->
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </fs>
 </cond>
</fsConstraints>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<cond>

<cond> (conditional feature-structure constraint) defines a conditional feature-structure constraint; the consequent and the antecedent are specified as feature structures or feature-structure collections; the constraint is satisfied if both the antecedent and the consequent subsume a given feature structure, or if the antecedent does not. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

iso-fs: fsConstraints

May contain

iso-fs: f fs then

Note

May contain an antecedent feature structure, an empty then element, and a consequent feature structure.

Example

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="fs"/>
   <elementRef key="f"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="then"/>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="fs"/>
   <elementRef key="f"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element cond
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( ( fs | f ), then, ( fs | f ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <cond> (conditional feature-structure constraint)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <cond> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <cond> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

<then>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="INV">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="AUX">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="VFORM">
   <symbol value="FIN"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

<fsConstraints>

<fsConstraints>
 <cond>
  <fs>
<!-- ...-->
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </fs>
 </cond>
</fsConstraints>

<cond>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

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C Elements

<bicond>

<bicond> (bi-conditional feature-structure constraint) defines a biconditional feature-structure constraint; both consequent and antecedent are specified as feature structures or groups of feature structures; the constraint is satisfied if both subsume a given feature structure, or if both do not. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

iso-fs: fsConstraints

May contain

iso-fs: f fs iff

Example

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="fs"/>
   <elementRef key="f"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="iff"/>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="fs"/>
   <elementRef key="f"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element bicond
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( ( fs | f ), iff, ( fs | f ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <bicond> (bi-conditional feature-structure constraint)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <bicond> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <bicond> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="0"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="N">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="V">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

<bicond>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

<iff>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<iff>

<iff> (if and only if) separates the condition from the consequence in a bicond element. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

iso-fs: bicond

May contain
Empty element

Note

This element is provided primarily to enhance the human readability of the feature-system declaration.

Example

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element iff
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <iff> (if and only if)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <iff> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <iff> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="0"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="N">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="V">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

<bicond>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

<iff>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<fs>

<fs> (feature structure) represents a feature structure, that is, a collection of feature-value pairs organized as a structural unit. [19.2. Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

type type⚓︎
specifies the type of the feature structure.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

feats feats⚓︎
(features) references the feature-value specifications making up this feature structure.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

May be used either instead of having features as content, or in addition. In the latter case, the features referenced and contained are unified.

Member of

model.featureVal.complex model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

iso-fs: bicond cond f fvLib if vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

iso-fs: f

Example

<fs type="agreement_structure">
 <f name="person">
  <symbol value="third"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="f" minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fs
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute feats { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   f*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <fs> (feature structure)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fs> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fs> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<fs>
 <f name="POS"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
  <symbol valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"
   value="NN"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

att.datcat

<fs>
 <f name="POS" fVal="#commonNoun"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.3. Circulation

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796550101716993" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t004" xml:lang="de">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043796093786566656"/> Ich mich auch? <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dynamicduo?src=hash">#dynamicduo</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wirk%C3%BCmmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang?src=hash">#wirkümmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u2"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t003" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796093786566656">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 14:35 </time> Immer wieder gerne. Kann ich mich schon für
nächstes Jahr als Empfangs- <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Engel?src=hash">#Engel</ref> für das nächste
BarCamp bewerben <w pos="EMO">🤪</w>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <trailer>
  <fs>
   <f name="favoritecount">
    <numeric value="4"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </trailer>
</post>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

<fs xml:id="gf50" type="date-analysis">
 <f name="event">
  <string>the Fair</string>
 </f>
 <f name="place">
  <string>Glasgow</string>
 </f>
 <f name="year">
  <numeric value="1850"/>
 </f>
 <f name="from-value">
  <string>1850-08-08</string>
 </f>
 <f name="to-value">
  <string>1850-09-19</string>
 </f>
</fs>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

19. Feature Structures

19.2. Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value

<fs type="phonological_segments">
 <f name="consonantal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="vocalic">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f name="voiced">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f name="anterior">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="coronal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="continuant">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="strident">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="case">
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </f>
 <f name="gender">
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="case">
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </f>
 <f name="gender">
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </f>
 <f name="singular">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="address">
  <string>3418 East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="houseNumber">
  <numeric value="3418"/>
 </f>
 <f name="streetName">
  <string>East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="houseNumber">
  <numeric value="3418" max="3440"/>
 </f>
 <f name="streetName">
  <string>East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="dailyRainFall">
  <numeric value="0.0" max="1.3"
   trunc="false"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="dailyRainFall">
  <numeric value="0.0" max="1.3"
   trunc="true"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="voice">active</f>
 <f name="tense">SimPre</f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="part_of_speech"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
  <symbol valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"
   value="NN"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
<!-- ... -->
 <f name="POS" fVal="#common_noun"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

<fs feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI0 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT0 #STR0"/>
<fs feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI1 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT0 #STR0"/>
<fs feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI0 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT1 #STR1"/>
<fs feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI1 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT1 #STR1"/>

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

<fvLib xml:id="fsl1"
 n="phonological segment definitions">
<!-- ... -->
 <fs xml:id="T.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI0 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT0 #STR0"/>
 <fs xml:id="D.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI1 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT0 #STR0"/>
 <fs xml:id="S.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI0 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT1 #STR1"/>
 <fs xml:id="Z.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI1 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT1 #STR1"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="surface">
  <string>love</string>
 </f>
 <f name="syntax">
  <fs type="category">
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="verb"/>
   </f>
   <f name="val">
    <symbol value="transitive"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="semantics">
  <fs type="act">
   <f name="rel">
    <symbol value="LOVE"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fvLib n="Major category definitions">
<!-- ... -->
 <fs xml:id="N" type="noun">
<!-- noun features defined here -->
 </fs>
 <fs xml:id="V" type="verb">
<!-- verb features defined here -->
 </fs>
</fvLib>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="surface">
  <string>love</string>
 </f>
 <f name="syntax">
  <fs type="category">
   <f name="pos" fVal="#V"/>
   <f name="val" fVal="#TRNS"/>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="semantics">
  <fs type="act">
   <f name="rel" fVal="#LOVE"/>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures

<fs xml:id="NVA">
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
<!-- other nominal features -->
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
<!-- other verbal features -->
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs xml:id="p027" type="person">
 <f name="forenames">
  <vColl>
   <string>Daniel</string>
   <string>Edouard</string>
  </vColl>
 </f>
 <f name="mother" fVal="#p002"/>
 <f name="father" fVal="#p009"/>
 <f name="birthDate">
  <fs type="date" feats="#y1988 #m04 #d17"/>
 </f>
 <f name="birthPlace" fVal="#austintx"/>
 <f name="siblings">
  <vColl org="set">
   <fs copyOf="#pnb005"/>
   <fs copyOf="#prb001"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="category">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
 <f name="tense">
  <symbol value="present"/>
 </f>
 <f name="agreement">
  <fs>
   <f name="person">
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </f>
   <f name="number">
    <symbol value="singular"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="category">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
 <f name="tense">
  <symbol value="present"/>
 </f>
 <f name="agreement">
  <vColl org="set">
   <symbol value="third"/>
   <symbol value="singular"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <vColl>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <string>alarm system</string>
   <string>good view</string>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.1. Alternation

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <vAlt>
    <string>alarm system</string>
    <string>good view</string>
   </vAlt>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.3. Collection of Values

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vColl org="set">
   <symbol value="masculine"/>
   <symbol value="feminine"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.3. Collection of Values

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vMerge org="list">
   <vColl org="set">
    <symbol value="masculine"/>
    <symbol value="feminine"/>
   </vColl>
   <symbol value="neuter"/>
  </vMerge>
 </f>
</fs>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<fvLib xml:id="C6" n="Claws 6 tags">
<!-- ... -->
 <fs xml:id="ajs"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wj #ds"/>
 <fs xml:id="at0"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wl"/>
 <fs xml:id="pnp"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wr #rp"/>
 <fs xml:id="vvd"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wv #bv #fd"/>
 <fs xml:id="prp"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wp #bp"/>
 <fs xml:id="nnn"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wn #tc #ns"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- example -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsDecl type="gpsg">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
    <fsDecl type="lex">
<!-- information about this type -->
    </fsDecl>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lex">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.1. Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
<!-- doc2 -->
  </fileDesc>
  <encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
   <fsdDecl>
    <fsdLink type="gpsg"
     target="example.xml#GPSG"/>
    <fsdLink type="lexx"
     target="example.xml#LEX"/>
   </fsdDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  </encodingDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <fs type="lexx">
<!-- an instance of the typed feature structure "lex" -->
   </fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="AGR">
 <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <fs type="Agreement"/>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

<if>

<vDefault>
 <if>
  <fs>
   <f name="VFORM">
    <symbol value="INF"/>
   </f>
   <f name="SUBJ">
    <binary value="true"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <symbol value="for"/>
 </if>
</vDefault>

<then>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="INV">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="AUX">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="VFORM">
   <symbol value="FIN"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="0"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="N">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="V">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

<fsConstraints>

<fsConstraints>
 <cond>
  <fs>
<!-- ...-->
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <fs>
<!-- ... -->
  </fs>
 </cond>
</fsConstraints>

<cond>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

<bicond>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

<iff>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

<fs>

<fs type="agreement_structure">
 <f name="person">
  <symbol value="third"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
</fs>

<fs>

<fs type="agreement_structure">
 <f name="person">
  <symbol value="third"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
</fs>

<f>

<fs>
 <f name="voice">active</f>
 <f name="tense">SimPre</f>
</fs>

<vLabel>

<fs>
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
<!-- other nominal features -->
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
<!-- other verbal features -->
 </f>
</fs>

<vLabel>

<fs>
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

<vColl>

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

<vColl>

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<f>

<f> (feature) represents a feature value specification, that is, the association of a name with a value of any of several different types. [19.2. Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

name name⚓︎
a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name (see https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#dt-name), providing a name for the feature.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.name

fVal fVal⚓︎
(feature value) references any element which can be used to represent the value of a feature.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

If this attribute is supplied as well as content, the value referenced is to be unified with that contained.

Contained by

iso-fs: bicond cond fLib fs if

May contain

iso-fs: binary default fs numeric string symbol vAlt vColl vLabel vMerge vNot

character data

Note

The content of f may be textual, with the assumption that the data type of the feature value is determined by the schema—this is the approach used in many language-technology-oriented projects and recommendations.

Example

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="feminine"/>
</f>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<fs>
 <f name="voice">active</f>
 <f name="tense">SimPre</f>
</fs>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.featureVal"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element f
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   attribute name { teidata.name },
   attribute fVal { teidata.pointer }?,
   ( text | model.featureVal )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <f> (feature)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <f> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <f> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

9. Computer-mediated Communication

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<fs>
 <f name="POS"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
  <symbol valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"
   value="NN"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

att.datcat

<fs>
 <f name="POS" fVal="#commonNoun"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.3. Circulation

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796550101716993" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t004" xml:lang="de">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043796093786566656"/> Ich mich auch? <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dynamicduo?src=hash">#dynamicduo</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wirk%C3%BCmmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang?src=hash">#wirkümmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u2"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t003" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796093786566656">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 14:35 </time> Immer wieder gerne. Kann ich mich schon für
nächstes Jahr als Empfangs- <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Engel?src=hash">#Engel</ref> für das nächste
BarCamp bewerben <w pos="EMO">🤪</w>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <trailer>
  <fs>
   <f name="favoritecount">
    <numeric value="4"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </trailer>
</post>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

<fs xml:id="gf50" type="date-analysis">
 <f name="event">
  <string>the Fair</string>
 </f>
 <f name="place">
  <string>Glasgow</string>
 </f>
 <f name="year">
  <numeric value="1850"/>
 </f>
 <f name="from-value">
  <string>1850-08-08</string>
 </f>
 <f name="to-value">
  <string>1850-09-19</string>
 </f>
</fs>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

19. Feature Structures

19.2. Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value

<fs type="phonological_segments">
 <f name="consonantal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="vocalic">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f name="voiced">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f name="anterior">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="coronal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="continuant">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="strident">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="case">
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </f>
 <f name="gender">
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="case">
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </f>
 <f name="gender">
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </f>
 <f name="singular">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="address">
  <string>3418 East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="houseNumber">
  <numeric value="3418"/>
 </f>
 <f name="streetName">
  <string>East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="houseNumber">
  <numeric value="3418" max="3440"/>
 </f>
 <f name="streetName">
  <string>East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="dailyRainFall">
  <numeric value="0.0" max="1.3"
   trunc="false"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="dailyRainFall">
  <numeric value="0.0" max="1.3"
   trunc="true"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="voice">active</f>
 <f name="tense">SimPre</f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="part_of_speech"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
  <symbol valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"
   value="NN"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
<!-- ... -->
 <f name="POS" fVal="#common_noun"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

<fLib n="phonological features">
 <f xml:id="CNS1" name="consonantal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNS0" name="consonantal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOC1" name="vocalic">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOC0" name="vocalic">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOI1" name="voiced">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOI0" name="voiced">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="ANT1" name="anterior">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="ANT0" name="anterior">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="COR1" name="coronal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="COR0" name="coronal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNT1" name="continuant">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNT0" name="continuant">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="STR1" name="strident">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="STR0" name="strident">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

<f name="dental-fricative" fVal="#T.DF"/>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="surface">
  <string>love</string>
 </f>
 <f name="syntax">
  <fs type="category">
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="verb"/>
   </f>
   <f name="val">
    <symbol value="transitive"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="semantics">
  <fs type="act">
   <f name="rel">
    <symbol value="LOVE"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fLib n="categorial features">
 <f xml:id="NN-1" name="nominal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="NN-0" name="nominal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VV-1" name="verbal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VV-0" name="verbal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="surface">
  <string>love</string>
 </f>
 <f name="syntax">
  <fs type="category">
   <f name="pos" fVal="#V"/>
   <f name="val" fVal="#TRNS"/>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="semantics">
  <fs type="act">
   <f name="rel" fVal="#LOVE"/>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures

<fs xml:id="NVA">
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
<!-- other nominal features -->
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
<!-- other verbal features -->
 </f>
</fs>

19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures

<f name="class" fVal="#NVA"/>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs xml:id="p027" type="person">
 <f name="forenames">
  <vColl>
   <string>Daniel</string>
   <string>Edouard</string>
  </vColl>
 </f>
 <f name="mother" fVal="#p002"/>
 <f name="father" fVal="#p009"/>
 <f name="birthDate">
  <fs type="date" feats="#y1988 #m04 #d17"/>
 </f>
 <f name="birthPlace" fVal="#austintx"/>
 <f name="siblings">
  <vColl org="set">
   <fs copyOf="#pnb005"/>
   <fs copyOf="#prb001"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="category">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
 <f name="tense">
  <symbol value="present"/>
 </f>
 <f name="agreement">
  <fs>
   <f name="person">
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </f>
   <f name="number">
    <symbol value="singular"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="category">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
 <f name="tense">
  <symbol value="present"/>
 </f>
 <f name="agreement">
  <vColl org="set">
   <symbol value="third"/>
   <symbol value="singular"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<f name="siblings">
 <vColl org="set"/>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <numeric value="2" max="3"/>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <vAlt>
  <numeric value="2"/>
  <numeric value="3"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <vColl>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <string>alarm system</string>
   <string>good view</string>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.1. Alternation

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <vAlt>
    <string>alarm system</string>
    <string>good view</string>
   </vAlt>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.2. Negation

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <vNot>
  <numeric value="2"/>
 </vNot>
</f>

19.8.2. Negation

(i) <f name="case">
 <vNot>
  <symbol value="genitive"/>
 </vNot>
</f>
(ii)
<f name="case">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="nominative"/>
  <symbol value="dative"/>
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.3. Collection of Values

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vColl org="set">
   <symbol value="masculine"/>
   <symbol value="feminine"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.3. Collection of Values

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vMerge org="list">
   <vColl org="set">
    <symbol value="masculine"/>
    <symbol value="feminine"/>
   </vColl>
   <symbol value="neuter"/>
  </vMerge>
 </f>
</fs>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender"/>
<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender">
 <default/>
</f>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="neuter"/>
</f>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender">
 <vNot>
  <default/>
 </vNot>
</f>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<fLib>
<!-- ... -->
 <f xml:id="fl-bv" name="verbbase">
  <symbol value="main"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-bp" name="prepbase">
  <symbol value="lexical"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-ds" name="degree">
  <symbol value="superlative"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-fd" name="verbform">
  <symbol value="ed"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-ns" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-rp" name="prontype">
  <symbol value="personal"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-tc" name="nountype">
  <symbol value="common"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wj" name="class">
  <symbol value="adjective"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wl" name="class">
  <symbol value="article"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wn" name="class">
  <symbol value="noun"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wp" name="class">
  <symbol value="preposition"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wr" name="class">
  <symbol value="pronoun"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wv" name="class">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<if>

<vDefault>
 <if>
  <fs>
   <f name="VFORM">
    <symbol value="INF"/>
   </f>
   <f name="SUBJ">
    <binary value="true"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <symbol value="for"/>
 </if>
</vDefault>

<then>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="INV">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="AUX">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="VFORM">
   <symbol value="FIN"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="0"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="N">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="V">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

<cond>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

<bicond>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

<iff>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

<fs>

<fs type="agreement_structure">
 <f name="person">
  <symbol value="third"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
</fs>

<fs>

<fs type="agreement_structure">
 <f name="person">
  <symbol value="third"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
</fs>

<f>

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="feminine"/>
</f>

<f>

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="feminine"/>
</f>

<f>

<fs>
 <f name="voice">active</f>
 <f name="tense">SimPre</f>
</fs>

<binary>

<f name="strident">
 <binary value="true"/>
</f>
<f name="exclusive">
 <binary value="false"/>
</f>

<binary>

<f name="strident">
 <binary value="true"/>
</f>
<f name="exclusive">
 <binary value="false"/>
</f>

<symbol>

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="feminine"/>
</f>

<symbol>

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="feminine"/>
</f>

<string>

<f name="greeting">
 <string>Hello, world!</string>
</f>

<string>

<f name="greeting">
 <string>Bonjour, le monde ! </string>
</f>

<string>

<f name="greeting">
 <string>哈囉，大家好！</string>
</f>

<vLabel>

<fs>
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
<!-- other nominal features -->
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
<!-- other verbal features -->
 </f>
</fs>

<vLabel>

<fs>
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

<vColl>

<f name="name">
 <vColl>
  <string>Jean</string>
  <string>Luc</string>
  <string>Godard</string>
 </vColl>
</f>

<vColl>

<f name="name">
 <vColl>
  <string>Jean</string>
  <string>Luc</string>
  <string>Godard</string>
 </vColl>
</f>

<vColl>

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

<vColl>

<f name="name">
 <vColl>
  <string>楊過</string>
  <string>小龍女</string>
  <string>李莫愁</string>
 </vColl>
</f>

<vColl>

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

<default>

<f name="gender">
 <default/>
</f>

<default>

<f name="gender">
 <default/>
</f>

<vAlt>

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

<vAlt>

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

<vNot>

<f name="mode">
 <vNot>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="infinitive"/>
   <symbol value="participle"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vNot>
</f>

<vNot>

<f name="mode">
 <vNot>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="infinitive"/>
   <symbol value="participle"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vNot>
</f>

<fLib>

<fLib n="agreement features">
 <f xml:id="pers1" name="person">
  <symbol value="first"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="pers2" name="person">
  <symbol value="second"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
 <f xml:id="nums" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="nump" name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

<fLib>

<fLib n="agreement features">
 <f xml:id="fr_pers1" name="person">
  <symbol value="first"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fr_pers2" name="person">
  <symbol value="second"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fr_nums" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fr_nump" name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
</fLib>

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C Elements

<binary>

<binary> (binary value) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which can contain either of exactly two possible values. [19.2. Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

value value⚓︎
supplies a binary value.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Note

This attribute has a datatype of teidata.truthValue, which may be represented by the values 1 or true, or 0 or false.

Member of

model.featureVal.single

Contained by

iso-fs: f fvLib if vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

May contain
Empty element

Note

The value attribute may take any value permitted for attributes of the W3C datatype Boolean: this includes for example the strings true or 1 which are equivalent.

Example

<f name="strident">
 <binary value="true"/>
</f>
<f name="exclusive">
 <binary value="false"/>
</f>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element binary
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   attribute value { teidata.truthValue },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <binary> (binary value)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <binary> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <binary> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.2. Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value

<fs type="phonological_segments">
 <f name="consonantal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="vocalic">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f name="voiced">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f name="anterior">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="coronal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="continuant">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f name="strident">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="case">
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </f>
 <f name="gender">
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </f>
 <f name="singular">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

<fLib n="phonological features">
 <f xml:id="CNS1" name="consonantal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNS0" name="consonantal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOC1" name="vocalic">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOC0" name="vocalic">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOI1" name="voiced">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOI0" name="voiced">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="ANT1" name="anterior">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="ANT0" name="anterior">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="COR1" name="coronal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="COR0" name="coronal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNT1" name="continuant">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNT0" name="continuant">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="STR1" name="strident">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="STR0" name="strident">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fLib n="categorial features">
 <f xml:id="NN-1" name="nominal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="NN-0" name="nominal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VV-1" name="verbal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VV-0" name="verbal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="CONJ">
 <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="and"/>
   <symbol value="both"/>
   <symbol value="but"/>
   <symbol value="either"/>
   <symbol value="neither"/>
   <symbol value="nor"/>
   <symbol value="or"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<fDecl>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<fDescr>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vRange>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vDefault>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<if>

<vDefault>
 <if>
  <fs>
   <f name="VFORM">
    <symbol value="INF"/>
   </f>
   <f name="SUBJ">
    <binary value="true"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <symbol value="for"/>
 </if>
</vDefault>

<then>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="INV">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="AUX">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="VFORM">
   <symbol value="FIN"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="0"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="N">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="V">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

<cond>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

<bicond>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

<iff>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

<binary>

<f name="strident">
 <binary value="true"/>
</f>
<f name="exclusive">
 <binary value="false"/>
</f>

<binary>

<f name="strident">
 <binary value="true"/>
</f>
<f name="exclusive">
 <binary value="false"/>
</f>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<symbol>

<symbol> (symbolic value) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains one of a finite list of symbols. [19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

value value⚓︎
supplies a symbolic value for the feature, one of a finite list that may be specified in a feature declaration.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.word

Member of

model.featureVal.single

Contained by

iso-fs: f fvLib if vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

May contain
Empty element

Example

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="feminine"/>
</f>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element symbol
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   attribute value { teidata.word },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <symbol> (symbolic value)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <symbol> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <symbol> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<fs>
 <f name="POS"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
  <symbol valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"
   value="NN"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

att.datcat

<fvLib n="POS values">
 <symbol xml:id="commonNoun" value="NN"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <symbol xml:id="properNoun" value="NP"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

att.datcat

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

19. Feature Structures

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="case">
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </f>
 <f name="gender">
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="case">
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </f>
 <f name="gender">
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </f>
 <f name="singular">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="part_of_speech"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
  <symbol valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"
   value="NN"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

<fvLib n="POS values">
 <symbol xml:id="common_noun" value="NN"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <symbol xml:id="proper_noun" value="NP"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="surface">
  <string>love</string>
 </f>
 <f name="syntax">
  <fs type="category">
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="verb"/>
   </f>
   <f name="val">
    <symbol value="transitive"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="semantics">
  <fs type="act">
   <f name="rel">
    <symbol value="LOVE"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures

<fs xml:id="NVA">
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
<!-- other nominal features -->
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
<!-- other verbal features -->
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="category">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
 <f name="tense">
  <symbol value="present"/>
 </f>
 <f name="agreement">
  <fs>
   <f name="person">
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </f>
   <f name="number">
    <symbol value="singular"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="category">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
 <f name="tense">
  <symbol value="present"/>
 </f>
 <f name="agreement">
  <vColl org="set">
   <symbol value="third"/>
   <symbol value="singular"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.2. Negation

(i) <f name="case">
 <vNot>
  <symbol value="genitive"/>
 </vNot>
</f>
(ii)
<f name="case">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="nominative"/>
  <symbol value="dative"/>
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.3. Collection of Values

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vColl org="set">
   <symbol value="masculine"/>
   <symbol value="feminine"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.3. Collection of Values

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vMerge org="list">
   <vColl org="set">
    <symbol value="masculine"/>
    <symbol value="feminine"/>
   </vColl>
   <symbol value="neuter"/>
  </vMerge>
 </f>
</fs>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender"/>
<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="neuter"/>
</f>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<fLib>
<!-- ... -->
 <f xml:id="fl-bv" name="verbbase">
  <symbol value="main"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-bp" name="prepbase">
  <symbol value="lexical"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-ds" name="degree">
  <symbol value="superlative"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-fd" name="verbform">
  <symbol value="ed"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-ns" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-rp" name="prontype">
  <symbol value="personal"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-tc" name="nountype">
  <symbol value="common"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wj" name="class">
  <symbol value="adjective"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wl" name="class">
  <symbol value="article"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wn" name="class">
  <symbol value="noun"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wp" name="class">
  <symbol value="preposition"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wr" name="class">
  <symbol value="pronoun"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wv" name="class">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1" name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1-fr"
   name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsDescr>

<fsDecl type="Agreement">
 <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
   for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="PERS">
  <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="first"/>
    <symbol value="second"/>
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="NUM">
  <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="singular"/>
    <symbol value="plural"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
</fsDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="CONJ">
 <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="and"/>
   <symbol value="both"/>
   <symbol value="but"/>
   <symbol value="either"/>
   <symbol value="neither"/>
   <symbol value="nor"/>
   <symbol value="or"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

<if>

<vDefault>
 <if>
  <fs>
   <f name="VFORM">
    <symbol value="INF"/>
   </f>
   <f name="SUBJ">
    <binary value="true"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <then/>
  <symbol value="for"/>
 </if>
</vDefault>

<then>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="INV">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="AUX">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="VFORM">
   <symbol value="FIN"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="0"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="N">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="V">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

19.11.4. Feature Structure Constraints

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

<cond>

<cond>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <symbol value="1"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <then/>
 <fs>
  <f name="SUBCAT">
   <binary value="false"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</cond>

<bicond>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

<iff>

<bicond>
 <fs>
  <f name="FOO">
   <symbol value="42"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
 <iff/>
 <fs>
  <f name="BAR">
   <binary value="true"/>
  </f>
 </fs>
</bicond>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

<fs>

<fs type="agreement_structure">
 <f name="person">
  <symbol value="third"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
</fs>

<fs>

<fs type="agreement_structure">
 <f name="person">
  <symbol value="third"/>
 </f>
 <f name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
</fs>

<f>

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="feminine"/>
</f>

<f>

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="feminine"/>
</f>

<symbol>

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="feminine"/>
</f>

<symbol>

<f name="gender">
 <symbol value="feminine"/>
</f>

<vLabel>

<fs>
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
<!-- other nominal features -->
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
<!-- other verbal features -->
 </f>
</fs>

<vLabel>

<fs>
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

<vColl>

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

<vColl>

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

<vAlt>

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

<vAlt>

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

<vNot>

<vNot>
 <symbol value="masculine"/>
</vNot>

<vNot>

<vNot>
 <symbol value="masculine"/>
</vNot>

<vNot>

<f name="mode">
 <vNot>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="infinitive"/>
   <symbol value="participle"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vNot>
</f>

<vNot>

<f name="mode">
 <vNot>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="infinitive"/>
   <symbol value="participle"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vNot>
</f>

<vMerge>

<vMerge org="list">
 <vColl org="set">
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vColl>
 <symbol value="indeterminate"/>
</vMerge>

<vMerge>

<vMerge org="list">
 <vColl org="set">
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vColl>
 <symbol value="indeterminate"/>
</vMerge>

<vMerge>

<vMerge org="list">
 <vColl org="set">
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vColl>
 <symbol value="indeterminate"/>
</vMerge>

<fLib>

<fLib n="agreement features">
 <f xml:id="pers1" name="person">
  <symbol value="first"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="pers2" name="person">
  <symbol value="second"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
 <f xml:id="nums" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="nump" name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

<fLib>

<fLib n="agreement features">
 <f xml:id="fr_pers1" name="person">
  <symbol value="first"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fr_pers2" name="person">
  <symbol value="second"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fr_nums" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fr_nump" name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
</fLib>

<fvLib>

<fvLib n="symbolic values">
 <symbol xml:id="sfirst" value="first"/>
 <symbol xml:id="ssecond" value="second"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <symbol xml:id="ssing" value="singular"/>
 <symbol xml:id="splur" value="plural"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

<fvLib>

<fvLib n="symbolic values">
 <symbol xml:id="fr_sfirst" value="first"/>
 <symbol xml:id="fr_ssecond" value="second"/>
 <symbol xml:id="fr_ssing" value="singular"/>
 <symbol xml:id="fr_splur" value="plural"/>
</fvLib>

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C Elements

<numeric>

<numeric> (numeric value) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains a numeric value or range. [19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

value value⚓︎
supplies a lower bound for the numeric value represented, and also (if max is not supplied) its upper bound.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.numeric

max max⚓︎
supplies an upper bound for the numeric value represented.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

trunc trunc⚓︎
specifies whether the value represented should be truncated to give an integer value.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Member of

model.featureVal.single

Contained by

iso-fs: f fvLib if vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

May contain
Empty element

Note

It is an error to supply the max attribute in the absence of a value for the value attribute.

Example

<numeric value="42"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This represents the numeric value 42.

Example

<numeric value="42.45" max="50" trunc="true"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This represents any of the nine possible integer values between 42 and 50 inclusive. If the trunc attribute had the value FALSE, this example would represent any of the infinite number of numeric values between 42.45 and 50.0

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element numeric
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   attribute value { teidata.numeric },
   attribute max { teidata.numeric }?,
   attribute trunc { teidata.truthValue }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <numeric> (numeric value)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <numeric> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <numeric> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

9. Computer-mediated Communication

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

19. Feature Structures

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.6.3. Circulation

<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u1"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796550101716993" synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t004" xml:lang="de">
 <ptr type="retweet"
  target="#cmc_post_1043796093786566656"/> Ich mich auch? <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dynamicduo?src=hash">#dynamicduo</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wirk%C3%BCmmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang?src=hash">#wirkümmernunsauchumIhrenEmpfang</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikidach?src=hash">#wikidach</ref>
</post>
<post modality="written"
 generatedBy="human" type="tweet" who="#u2"
 synch="#tweetsbcrn18.t003" xml:lang="de"
 xml:id="cmc_post_1043796093786566656">
 <time generatedBy="system"> 14:35 </time> Immer wieder gerne. Kann ich mich schon für
nächstes Jahr als Empfangs- <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Engel?src=hash">#Engel</ref> für das nächste
BarCamp bewerben <w pos="EMO">🤪</w>
 <ref type="hashtag"
  target="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bcrn18?src=hash">#bcrn18</ref>
 <trailer>
  <fs>
   <f name="favoritecount">
    <numeric value="4"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </trailer>
</post>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

<fs xml:id="gf50" type="date-analysis">
 <f name="event">
  <string>the Fair</string>
 </f>
 <f name="place">
  <string>Glasgow</string>
 </f>
 <f name="year">
  <numeric value="1850"/>
 </f>
 <f name="from-value">
  <string>1850-08-08</string>
 </f>
 <f name="to-value">
  <string>1850-09-19</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19. Feature Structures

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="houseNumber">
  <numeric value="3418"/>
 </f>
 <f name="streetName">
  <string>East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="houseNumber">
  <numeric value="3418" max="3440"/>
 </f>
 <f name="streetName">
  <string>East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="dailyRainFall">
  <numeric value="0.0" max="1.3"
   trunc="false"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="dailyRainFall">
  <numeric value="0.0" max="1.3"
   trunc="true"/>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <numeric value="2" max="3"/>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <vAlt>
  <numeric value="2"/>
  <numeric value="3"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <vColl>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.2. Negation

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <vNot>
  <numeric value="2"/>
 </vNot>
</f>

<numeric>

<numeric value="42"/>

<numeric>

<numeric value="42"/>

<numeric>

<numeric value="42.45" max="50" trunc="true"/>

<numeric>

<numeric value="42"/>

<numeric>

<numeric value="42.45" max="50" trunc="true"/>

<numeric>

<numeric value="42.45" max="50" trunc="true"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<string>

<string> (string value) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains a string. [19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

Member of

model.featureVal.single

Contained by

iso-fs: f fvLib if vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

May contain

gaiji: g

character data

Example

<f name="greeting">
 <string>Hello, world!</string>
</f>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element string
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datcat.attributes,
   macro.xtext
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <string> (string value)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <string> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <string> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

19. Feature Structures

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.4.1. Relative Dates and Times

<fs xml:id="gf50" type="date-analysis">
 <f name="event">
  <string>the Fair</string>
 </f>
 <f name="place">
  <string>Glasgow</string>
 </f>
 <f name="year">
  <numeric value="1850"/>
 </f>
 <f name="from-value">
  <string>1850-08-08</string>
 </f>
 <f name="to-value">
  <string>1850-09-19</string>
 </f>
</fs>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

<standOff>

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
<!-- ... -->
 </teiHeader>
 <text>
  <body>
<!-- ... -->
   <p>
    <w xml:id="w51">I</w>
    <w xml:id="w52">wanna</w>
    <w xml:id="w53">put</w>
    <w xml:id="w54">up</w>
    <w xml:id="w55">new</w>
    <w xml:id="w56">wallpaper</w>
    <pc>.</pc>
   </p>
<!-- ... -->
  </body>
 </text>
 <standOff type="morphosyntax">
  <spanGrp type="wordForm">
   <span target="#w51" ana="#fs01"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs02"/>
   <span target="#w52" ana="#fs03"/>
   <span target="#w53 #w54" ana="#fs04"/>
   <span target="#w55" ana="#fs05"/>
   <span target="#w56" ana="#fs06"/>
  </spanGrp>
  <fs xml:id="fs01">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>I</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="PP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs02">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>want</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VBP"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs03">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>to</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="TO"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs04">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>put up</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="VB"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs05">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>new</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="JJ"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs xml:id="fs06">
   <f name="lemma">
    <string>wallpaper</string>
   </f>
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="NN"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </standOff>
</TEI>

19. Feature Structures

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="address">
  <string>3418 East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="houseNumber">
  <numeric value="3418"/>
 </f>
 <f name="streetName">
  <string>East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="houseNumber">
  <numeric value="3418" max="3440"/>
 </f>
 <f name="streetName">
  <string>East Third Street</string>
 </f>
</fs>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="surface">
  <string>love</string>
 </f>
 <f name="syntax">
  <fs type="category">
   <f name="pos">
    <symbol value="verb"/>
   </f>
   <f name="val">
    <symbol value="transitive"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="semantics">
  <fs type="act">
   <f name="rel">
    <symbol value="LOVE"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="surface">
  <string>love</string>
 </f>
 <f name="syntax">
  <fs type="category">
   <f name="pos" fVal="#V"/>
   <f name="val" fVal="#TRNS"/>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="semantics">
  <fs type="act">
   <f name="rel" fVal="#LOVE"/>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs xml:id="p027" type="person">
 <f name="forenames">
  <vColl>
   <string>Daniel</string>
   <string>Edouard</string>
  </vColl>
 </f>
 <f name="mother" fVal="#p002"/>
 <f name="father" fVal="#p009"/>
 <f name="birthDate">
  <fs type="date" feats="#y1988 #m04 #d17"/>
 </f>
 <f name="birthPlace" fVal="#austintx"/>
 <f name="siblings">
  <vColl org="set">
   <fs copyOf="#pnb005"/>
   <fs copyOf="#prb001"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.1. Alternation

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <string>alarm system</string>
   <string>good view</string>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.1. Alternation

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <vAlt>
    <string>alarm system</string>
    <string>good view</string>
   </vAlt>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="PFORM">
 <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vNot>
   <string/>
  </vNot>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

<string>

<f name="greeting">
 <string>Hello, world!</string>
</f>

<string>

<f name="greeting">
 <string>Bonjour, le monde ! </string>
</f>

<string>

<f name="greeting">
 <string>哈囉，大家好！</string>
</f>

<vColl>

<f name="name">
 <vColl>
  <string>Jean</string>
  <string>Luc</string>
  <string>Godard</string>
 </vColl>
</f>

<vColl>

<f name="name">
 <vColl>
  <string>Jean</string>
  <string>Luc</string>
  <string>Godard</string>
 </vColl>
</f>

<vColl>

<f name="name">
 <vColl>
  <string>楊過</string>
  <string>小龍女</string>
  <string>李莫愁</string>
 </vColl>
</f>

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C Elements

<vLabel>

<vLabel> (value label) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which appears at more than one point in a feature structure. [19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

name name⚓︎
supplies a name identifying the sharing point.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.word

Member of

model.featureVal.single

Contained by

iso-fs: f fvLib if vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

May contain

iso-fs: binary default fs numeric string symbol vAlt vColl vLabel vMerge vNot

Example

<fs>
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
<!-- other nominal features -->
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
<!-- other verbal features -->
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.featureVal"
  minOccurs="0"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element vLabel
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute name { teidata.word },
   model.featureVal?
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <vLabel> (value label)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <vLabel> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <vLabel> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.6. Re-entrant Feature Structures

<fs xml:id="NVA">
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
<!-- other nominal features -->
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
<!-- other verbal features -->
 </f>
</fs>

<vLabel>

<fs>
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
<!-- other nominal features -->
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
<!-- other verbal features -->
 </f>
</fs>

<vLabel>

<fs>
 <f name="nominal">
  <fs>
   <f name="nm-num">
    <vLabel name="L1">
     <symbol value="singular"/>
    </vLabel>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
 <f name="verbal">
  <fs>
   <f name="vb-num">
    <vLabel name="L1"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </f>
</fs>

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C Elements

<vColl>

<vColl> (collection of values) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains multiple values organized as a set, bag, or list. [19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

org org⚓︎
(organization) indicates organization of given value or values as set, bag or list.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

set

indicates that the given values are organized as a set.

bag

indicates that the given values are organized as a bag (multiset).

list

indicates that the given values are organized as a list.

Member of

model.featureVal.complex

Contained by

iso-fs: f fvLib if vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

May contain

iso-fs: binary default fs numeric string symbol vAlt vColl vLabel

Example

<f name="name">
 <vColl>
  <string>Jean</string>
  <string>Luc</string>
  <string>Godard</string>
 </vColl>
</f>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="fs"/>
  <classRef key="model.featureVal.single"/>
  <elementRef key="vColl"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element vColl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute org { "set" | "bag" | "list" }?,
   ( fs | model.featureVal.single | vColl )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <vColl> (collection of values)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <vColl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <vColl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs xml:id="p027" type="person">
 <f name="forenames">
  <vColl>
   <string>Daniel</string>
   <string>Edouard</string>
  </vColl>
 </f>
 <f name="mother" fVal="#p002"/>
 <f name="father" fVal="#p009"/>
 <f name="birthDate">
  <fs type="date" feats="#y1988 #m04 #d17"/>
 </f>
 <f name="birthPlace" fVal="#austintx"/>
 <f name="siblings">
  <vColl org="set">
   <fs copyOf="#pnb005"/>
   <fs copyOf="#prb001"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs type="word">
 <f name="category">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
 <f name="tense">
  <symbol value="present"/>
 </f>
 <f name="agreement">
  <vColl org="set">
   <symbol value="third"/>
   <symbol value="singular"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.7. Collections as Complex Feature Values

<f name="siblings">
 <vColl org="set"/>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <vColl>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <string>alarm system</string>
   <string>good view</string>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.1. Alternation

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <vAlt>
    <string>alarm system</string>
    <string>good view</string>
   </vAlt>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.3. Collection of Values

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vColl org="set">
   <symbol value="masculine"/>
   <symbol value="feminine"/>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.3. Collection of Values

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vMerge org="list">
   <vColl org="set">
    <symbol value="masculine"/>
    <symbol value="feminine"/>
   </vColl>
   <symbol value="neuter"/>
  </vMerge>
 </f>
</fs>

<vColl>

<f name="name">
 <vColl>
  <string>Jean</string>
  <string>Luc</string>
  <string>Godard</string>
 </vColl>
</f>

<vColl>

<f name="name">
 <vColl>
  <string>Jean</string>
  <string>Luc</string>
  <string>Godard</string>
 </vColl>
</f>

<vColl>

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

<vColl>

<f name="name">
 <vColl>
  <string>楊過</string>
  <string>小龍女</string>
  <string>李莫愁</string>
 </vColl>
</f>

<vColl>

<fs>
 <f name="lex">
  <symbol value="auxquels"/>
 </f>
 <f name="maf">
  <vColl org="list">
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="prep"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="cat">
     <symbol value="pronoun"/>
    </f>
    <f name="kind">
     <symbol value="rel"/>
    </f>
    <f name="num">
     <symbol value="pl"/>
    </f>
    <f name="gender">
     <symbol value="masc"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

<vMerge>

<vMerge org="list">
 <vColl org="set">
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vColl>
 <symbol value="indeterminate"/>
</vMerge>

<vMerge>

<vMerge org="list">
 <vColl org="set">
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vColl>
 <symbol value="indeterminate"/>
</vMerge>

<vMerge>

<vMerge org="list">
 <vColl org="set">
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vColl>
 <symbol value="indeterminate"/>
</vMerge>

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<default>

<default> (default feature value) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains a defaulted value. [19.9. Default Values]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.featureVal.single

Contained by

iso-fs: f fvLib if vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

May contain
Empty element

Example

<f name="gender">
 <default/>
</f>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element default
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <default> (default feature value)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <default> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <default> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender">
 <default/>
</f>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender">
 <vNot>
  <default/>
 </vNot>
</f>

<default>

<f name="gender">
 <default/>
</f>

<default>

<f name="gender">
 <default/>
</f>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<vAlt>

<vAlt> (value alternation) represents the value part of a feature-value specification which contains a set of values, only one of which can be valid. [19.8.1. Alternation]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.featureVal.single

Contained by

iso-fs: f fvLib if vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

May contain

iso-fs: binary default fs numeric string symbol vAlt vColl vLabel vMerge vNot

Example

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.featureVal"/>
  <classRef key="model.featureVal"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element vAlt
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.featureVal, model.featureVal+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <vAlt> (value alternation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <vAlt> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <vAlt> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19. Feature Structures

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <vAlt>
  <numeric value="2"/>
  <numeric value="3"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<f name="rooms">
 <vAlt>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <fs>
   <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
    <numeric value="2"/>
   </f>
  </fs>
  <vColl>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bathrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <fs>
    <f name="number.of.bedrooms">
     <numeric value="2"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
  </vColl>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.8.1. Alternation

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <string>alarm system</string>
   <string>good view</string>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.1. Alternation

<fs type="real_estate_listing">
 <f name="selling.points">
  <vColl org="set">
   <vAlt>
    <string>alarm system</string>
    <string>good view</string>
   </vAlt>
   <vAlt>
    <string>pool</string>
    <string>jacuzzi</string>
   </vAlt>
  </vColl>
 </f>
</fs>

19.8.2. Negation

(i) <f name="case">
 <vNot>
  <symbol value="genitive"/>
 </vNot>
</f>
(ii)
<f name="case">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="nominative"/>
  <symbol value="dative"/>
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender"/>
<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1" name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>

<fsdDecl>
 <fsDecl type="GPSG">
  <fDecl xml:id="GPSG-1-fr"
   name="GPSG_feat1">
   <vRange>
    <vAlt>
     <symbol value="red"/>
     <symbol value="blue"/>
     <symbol value="green"/>
    </vAlt>
   </vRange>
  </fDecl>
<!--other feature declarations for GPSG here ... -->
 </fsDecl>
 <fsdLink type="subentry"
  target="http://www.example.com/fsdLib.xml#LX123"/>
</fsdDecl>

<fsDescr>

<fsDecl type="Agreement">
 <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
   for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
 <fDecl name="PERS">
  <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="first"/>
    <symbol value="second"/>
    <symbol value="third"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
 <fDecl name="NUM">
  <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
  <vRange>
   <vAlt>
    <symbol value="singular"/>
    <symbol value="plural"/>
   </vAlt>
  </vRange>
 </fDecl>
</fsDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="CONJ">
 <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="and"/>
   <symbol value="both"/>
   <symbol value="but"/>
   <symbol value="either"/>
   <symbol value="neither"/>
   <symbol value="nor"/>
   <symbol value="or"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="COMP">
 <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="for"/>
   <symbol value="that"/>
   <symbol value="whether"/>
   <symbol value="if"/>
   <symbol value="NIL"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <if>
   <fs>
    <f name="VFORM">
     <symbol value="INF"/>
    </f>
    <f name="SUBJ">
     <binary value="true"/>
    </f>
   </fs>
   <then/>
   <symbol value="for"/>
  </if>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

<fDecl>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<fDescr>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vRange>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

<vDefault>

<fDecl name="INV">
 <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <binary value="true"/>
   <binary value="false"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
 <vDefault>
  <binary value="false"/>
 </vDefault>
</fDecl>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

<vAlt>

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

<vAlt>

<f name="gender">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

<vNot>

<f name="mode">
 <vNot>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="infinitive"/>
   <symbol value="participle"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vNot>
</f>

<vNot>

<f name="mode">
 <vNot>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="infinitive"/>
   <symbol value="participle"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vNot>
</f>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

Home

C Elements

<vNot>

<vNot> (value negation) represents a feature value which is the negation of its content. [19.8.2. Negation]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.featureVal.complex

Contained by

iso-fs: f fvLib if vAlt vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

May contain

iso-fs: binary default fs numeric string symbol vAlt vColl vLabel vMerge vNot

Example

<vNot>
 <symbol value="masculine"/>
</vNot>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<f name="mode">
 <vNot>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="infinitive"/>
   <symbol value="participle"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vNot>
</f>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.featureVal"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element vNot
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   model.featureVal
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <vNot> (value negation)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <vNot> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <vNot> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.8.2. Negation

<f name="number.of.bathrooms">
 <vNot>
  <numeric value="2"/>
 </vNot>
</f>

19.8.2. Negation

(i) <f name="case">
 <vNot>
  <symbol value="genitive"/>
 </vNot>
</f>
(ii)
<f name="case">
 <vAlt>
  <symbol value="nominative"/>
  <symbol value="dative"/>
  <symbol value="accusative"/>
 </vAlt>
</f>

19.9. Default Values

<f name="gender">
 <vNot>
  <default/>
 </vNot>
</f>

19.11.3. Feature Declarations

<fDecl name="PFORM">
 <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vNot>
   <string/>
  </vNot>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

19.11.5. A Complete Example

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
 <teiHeader>
  <fileDesc>
   <titleStmt>
    <title>A sample FSD based on an extract from Gazdar
         et al.'s GPSG feature system for English</title>
    <respStmt>
     <resp>encoded by</resp>
     <name>Gary F. Simons</name>
    </respStmt>
   </titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt>
    <p>This sample was first encoded by Gary F. Simons (Summer
         Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX) on January 28, 1991.
         Revised April 8, 1993 to match the specification of FSDs
         in version P2 of the TEI Guidelines. Revised again December 2004 to
         be consistent with the feature structure representation standard
         jointly developed with ISO TC37/SC4.
    </p>
   </publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc>
    <p>This sample FSD does not describe a complete feature
         system. It is based on extracts from the feature system
         for English presented in the appendix (pages 245–247) of
         Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, by Gazdar, Klein,
         Pullum, and Sag (Harvard University Press, 1985).</p>
   </sourceDesc>
  </fileDesc>
 </teiHeader>
 <fsdDecl>
  <fsDecl type="GPSG">
   <fsDescr>Encodes a feature structure for the GPSG analysis
       of English (after Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag)</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="INV">
    <fDescr>inverted sentence</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <binary value="true"/>
      <binary value="false"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="CONJ">
    <fDescr>surface form of the conjunction</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="and"/>
      <symbol value="both"/>
      <symbol value="but"/>
      <symbol value="either"/>
      <symbol value="neither"/>
      <symbol value="nor"/>
      <symbol value="or"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <binary value="false"/>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="COMP">
    <fDescr>surface form of the complementizer</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="for"/>
      <symbol value="that"/>
      <symbol value="whether"/>
      <symbol value="if"/>
      <symbol value="NIL"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
    <vDefault>
     <if>
      <fs>
       <f name="VFORM">
        <symbol value="INF"/>
       </f>
       <f name="SUBJ">
        <binary value="true"/>
       </f>
      </fs>
      <then/>
      <symbol value="for"/>
     </if>
    </vDefault>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="AGR">
    <fDescr>agreement for person and number</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <fs type="Agreement"/>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="PFORM">
    <fDescr>word form of a preposition</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vNot>
      <string/>
     </vNot>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fsConstraints>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="INV">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="AUX">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="VFORM">
       <symbol value="FIN"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
    <bicond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="0"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <iff/>
     <fs>
      <f name="N">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="V">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="true"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </bicond>
    <cond>
     <fs>
      <f name="BAR">
       <symbol value="1"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
     <then/>
     <fs>
      <f name="SUBCAT">
       <binary value="false"/>
      </f>
     </fs>
    </cond>
   </fsConstraints>
  </fsDecl>
  <fsDecl type="Agreement">
   <fsDescr>This type of feature structure encodes the features
       for subject-verb agreement in English</fsDescr>
   <fDecl name="PERS">
    <fDescr>person (first, second, or third)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="1"/>
      <symbol value="2"/>
      <symbol value="3"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
   <fDecl name="NUM">
    <fDescr>number (singular or plural)</fDescr>
    <vRange>
     <vAlt>
      <symbol value="sg"/>
      <symbol value="pl"/>
     </vAlt>
    </vRange>
   </fDecl>
  </fsDecl>
 </fsdDecl>
</TEI>

<vNot>

<vNot>
 <symbol value="masculine"/>
</vNot>

<vNot>

<vNot>
 <symbol value="masculine"/>
</vNot>

<vNot>

<f name="mode">
 <vNot>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="infinitive"/>
   <symbol value="participle"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vNot>
</f>

<vNot>

<f name="mode">
 <vNot>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="infinitive"/>
   <symbol value="participle"/>
  </vAlt>
 </vNot>
</f>

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C Elements

<vMerge>

<vMerge> (merged collection of values) represents a feature value which is the result of merging together the feature values contained by its children, using the organization specified by the org attribute. [19.8.3. Collection of Values]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

org org⚓︎
indicates the organization of the resulting merged values as set, bag or list.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

set

indicates that the resulting values are organized as a set.

bag

indicates that the resulting values are organized as a bag (multiset).

list

indicates that the resulting values are organized as a list.

Member of

model.featureVal.complex

Contained by

iso-fs: f fvLib if vAlt vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

May contain

iso-fs: binary default fs numeric string symbol vAlt vColl vLabel vMerge vNot

Example

<vMerge org="list">
 <vColl org="set">
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vColl>
 <symbol value="indeterminate"/>
</vMerge>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This example returns a list, concatenating the indeterminate value with the set of values masculine, neuter and feminine.

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.featureVal"
  minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element vMerge
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute org { "set" | "bag" | "list" }?,
   model.featureVal+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <vMerge> (merged collection of values)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <vMerge> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <vMerge> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.8.3. Collection of Values

<fs>
 <f name="genders">
  <vMerge org="list">
   <vColl org="set">
    <symbol value="masculine"/>
    <symbol value="feminine"/>
   </vColl>
   <symbol value="neuter"/>
  </vMerge>
 </f>
</fs>

<vMerge>

<vMerge org="list">
 <vColl org="set">
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vColl>
 <symbol value="indeterminate"/>
</vMerge>

<vMerge>

<vMerge org="list">
 <vColl org="set">
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vColl>
 <symbol value="indeterminate"/>
</vMerge>

<vMerge>

<vMerge org="list">
 <vColl org="set">
  <symbol value="masculine"/>
  <symbol value="neuter"/>
  <symbol value="feminine"/>
 </vColl>
 <symbol value="indeterminate"/>
</vMerge>

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C Elements

<fLib>

<fLib> (feature library) assembles a library of f (feature) elements. [19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.fsdDeclPart model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

iso-fs: fsdDecl

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

iso-fs: f

Note

The global n attribute may be used to supply an informal name to categorize the library's contents.

Example

<fLib n="agreement features">
 <f xml:id="pers1" name="person">
  <symbol value="first"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="pers2" name="person">
  <symbol value="second"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
 <f xml:id="nums" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="nump" name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="f" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fLib
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   f+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <fLib> (feature library)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fLib> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fLib> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

19. Feature Structures

19. Feature Structures

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

<fLib n="phonological features">
 <f xml:id="CNS1" name="consonantal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNS0" name="consonantal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOC1" name="vocalic">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOC0" name="vocalic">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOI1" name="voiced">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VOI0" name="voiced">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="ANT1" name="anterior">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="ANT0" name="anterior">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="COR1" name="coronal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="COR0" name="coronal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNT1" name="continuant">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="CNT0" name="continuant">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="STR1" name="strident">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="STR0" name="strident">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fLib n="categorial features">
 <f xml:id="NN-1" name="nominal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="NN-0" name="nominal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VV-1" name="verbal">
  <binary value="true"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="VV-0" name="verbal">
  <binary value="false"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<fLib>
<!-- ... -->
 <f xml:id="fl-bv" name="verbbase">
  <symbol value="main"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-bp" name="prepbase">
  <symbol value="lexical"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-ds" name="degree">
  <symbol value="superlative"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-fd" name="verbform">
  <symbol value="ed"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-ns" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-rp" name="prontype">
  <symbol value="personal"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-tc" name="nountype">
  <symbol value="common"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wj" name="class">
  <symbol value="adjective"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wl" name="class">
  <symbol value="article"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wn" name="class">
  <symbol value="noun"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wp" name="class">
  <symbol value="preposition"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wr" name="class">
  <symbol value="pronoun"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fl-wv" name="class">
  <symbol value="verb"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

<fLib>

<fLib n="agreement features">
 <f xml:id="pers1" name="person">
  <symbol value="first"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="pers2" name="person">
  <symbol value="second"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
 <f xml:id="nums" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="nump" name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fLib>

<fLib>

<fLib n="agreement features">
 <f xml:id="fr_pers1" name="person">
  <symbol value="first"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fr_pers2" name="person">
  <symbol value="second"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fr_nums" name="number">
  <symbol value="singular"/>
 </f>
 <f xml:id="fr_nump" name="number">
  <symbol value="plural"/>
 </f>
</fLib>

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C Elements

<fvLib>

<fvLib> (feature-value library) assembles a library of reusable feature value elements (including complete feature structures). [19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.cmc

@generatedBy

Member of

model.fsdDeclPart model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl m phr s span w

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

iso-fs: fsdDecl

linking: ab seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

iso-fs: binary default fs numeric string symbol vAlt vColl vLabel vMerge vNot

Note

A feature value library may include any number of values of any kind, including multiple occurrences of identical values such as <binary value="true"/> or default. The only thing guaranteed unique in a feature value library is the set of labels used to identify the values.

Example

<fvLib n="symbolic values">
 <symbol xml:id="sfirst" value="first"/>
 <symbol xml:id="ssecond" value="second"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <symbol xml:id="ssing" value="singular"/>
 <symbol xml:id="splur" value="plural"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.featureVal"
  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element fvLib
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.cmc.attributes,
   model.featureVal*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <fvLib> (feature-value library)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <fvLib> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <fvLib> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

19. Feature Structures

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.datcat

<fvLib n="POS values">
 <symbol xml:id="commonNoun" value="NN"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <symbol xml:id="properNoun" value="NP"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

19. Feature Structures

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

<fvLib xml:id="fsl1"
 n="phonological segment definitions">
<!-- ... -->
 <fs xml:id="T.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI0 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT0 #STR0"/>
 <fs xml:id="D.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI1 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT0 #STR0"/>
 <fs xml:id="S.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI0 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT1 #STR1"/>
 <fs xml:id="Z.DF"
  feats="#CNS1 #VOC0 #VOI1 #ANT1 #COR1 #CNT1 #STR1"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

19.4. Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries

<fvLib n="POS values">
 <symbol xml:id="common_noun" value="NN"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <symbol xml:id="proper_noun" value="NP"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

19.5. Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values

<fvLib n="Major category definitions">
<!-- ... -->
 <fs xml:id="N" type="noun">
<!-- noun features defined here -->
 </fs>
 <fs xml:id="V" type="verb">
<!-- verb features defined here -->
 </fs>
</fvLib>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<fvLib xml:id="C6" n="Claws 6 tags">
<!-- ... -->
 <fs xml:id="ajs"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wj #ds"/>
 <fs xml:id="at0"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wl"/>
 <fs xml:id="pnp"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wr #rp"/>
 <fs xml:id="vvd"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wv #bv #fd"/>
 <fs xml:id="prp"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wp #bp"/>
 <fs xml:id="nnn"
  type="grammatical_structure" feats="#wn #tc #ns"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

19.10. Linking Text and Analysis

<s>
 <w xml:id="S1W1">
  <c xml:id="S1W1C1">C</c>ae<c xml:id="S1W1C2">s</c>ar</w>
 <w xml:id="S1W2">
  <c xml:id="S1W2C1">s</c>ei<c xml:id="S1W2C2">z</c>e<c xml:id="S1W2C3">d</c>
 </w>
 <w xml:id="S1W3">con<c xml:id="S1W3C1">t</c>rol</w>.

</s>
<fvLib xml:id="FSL1"
 n="phonological segment definitions">
<!-- as in previous example -->
</fvLib>
<linkGrp type="phonology">
<!-- ... -->
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W3C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C3"/>
 <link target="#S.DF #S1W2C1"/>
 <link target="#Z.DF #S1W2C2"/>
<!-- ... -->
</linkGrp>

<fvLib>

<fvLib n="symbolic values">
 <symbol xml:id="sfirst" value="first"/>
 <symbol xml:id="ssecond" value="second"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <symbol xml:id="ssing" value="singular"/>
 <symbol xml:id="splur" value="plural"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

<fvLib>

<fvLib n="symbolic values">
 <symbol xml:id="fr_sfirst" value="first"/>
 <symbol xml:id="fr_ssecond" value="second"/>
 <symbol xml:id="fr_ssing" value="singular"/>
 <symbol xml:id="fr_splur" value="plural"/>
</fvLib>

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C Elements

<graph>

<graph> (graph) encodes a graph, which is a collection of nodes, and arcs which connect the nodes. [20.1. Graphs and Digraphs]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
describes the type of graph.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

undirected

undirected graph

directed

directed graph

transitionNetwork

a directed graph with distinguished initial and final nodes

transducer

a transition network with up to two labels on each arc

Note

If type is specified as undirected, then the distinction between the to and from attributes of the arc tag is neutralized. Also, the adj attribute, rather than the adjFrom and adjTo attributes, should be used to encode pointers to the ends of the arcs. If type is specified as directed (or any other value which implies directionality), then the adjFrom and adjTo attributes should be used, instead of the adj attribute.

order order⚓︎
states the order of the graph, i.e., the number of its nodes.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

size size⚓︎
states the size of the graph, i.e., the number of its arcs.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Member of

model.divPart model.standOffPart

Contained by

core: item note q quote said stage textLang

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

linking: standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

transcr: metamark

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: cb ellipsis gap gb index label lb milestone note noteGrp pb

figures: figure notatedMusic

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

nets: arc node

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan damageSpan delSpan fw listTranspose metamark space substJoin

Note

One or more nodes and zero or more arcs in any order.

Example

<graph xml:id="cug1" type="undirected"
 order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#lax" to="#lvg"/>
 <arc from="#lax" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#lvg" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#phx" to="#tus"/>
</graph>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <elementRef key="label"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <alternate>
   <sequence>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <elementRef key="node"/>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
    <sequence minOccurs="0"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <elementRef key="arc"/>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
   </sequence>
   <sequence>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <elementRef key="arc"/>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
    <sequence minOccurs="1"
     maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <elementRef key="node"/>
     <classRef key="model.global"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </sequence>
   </sequence>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element graph
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type
   {
      "undirected"
    | "directed"
    | "transitionNetwork"
    | "transducer"
    | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   attribute order { teidata.count }?,
   attribute size { teidata.count }?,
   (
      ( ( label, model.global* )? ),
      (
         ( ( ( node, model.global* )+ ), ( ( arc, model.global* )* ) )
       | ( ( ( arc, model.global* )+ ), ( ( node, model.global* )+ ) )
      )
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <graph> (graph)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <graph> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <graph> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG1"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX" to="#LVG"/>
 <arc from="#LAX" to="#PHX"/>
 <arc from="#LVG" to="#PHX"/>
 <arc from="#PHX" to="#TUS"/>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG2"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX2" degree="2"
  adj="#LVG2 #PHX2">
  <label>LAX2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG2" degree="2"
  adj="#LAX2 #PHX2">
  <label>LVG2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX2" degree="3"
  adj="#LAX2 #LVG2 #TUS2">
  <label>PHX2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS2" degree="1" adj="#PHX2">
  <label>TUS2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB2" degree="0">
  <label>CIB2</label>
 </node>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG3"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX3" degree="2"
  adj="#LVG3 #PHX3">
  <label>LAX3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG3" degree="2" adj="#PHX3">
  <label>LVG3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX3" degree="3" adj="#TUS3">
  <label>PHX3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS3" degree="1">
  <label>TUS3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB3" degree="0">
  <label>CIB3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG1"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>LAX4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>LVG4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX4" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>PHX4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>TUS4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB4" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="0">
  <label>CIB4</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX4" to="#LVG4"/>
 <arc from="#LVG4" to="#PHX4"/>
 <arc from="#PHX4" to="#LAX4"/>
 <arc from="#PHX4" to="#TUS4"/>
 <arc from="#TUS4" to="#PHX4"/>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG2"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjTo="#LVG5" adjFrom="#PHX5">
  <label>LAX5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjFrom="#LAX5" adjTo="#PHX5">
  <label>LVG5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX5" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2" adjTo="#LAX5 #TUS" adjFrom="#LVG5 #TUS5">
  <label>PHX5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjTo="#PHX5" adjFrom="#PHX5">
  <label>TUS5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB5" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="0">
  <label>CIB5</label>
 </node>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG3"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX6">
  <label>LAX6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG6">
  <label>LVG6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX6">
  <label>PHX6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS6">
  <label>TUS6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB6">
  <label>CIB6</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX6" to="#LVG6">
  <label>SW117</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#LVG6" to="#PHX6">
  <label>SW711</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PHX6" to="#LAX6">
  <label>AA218</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PHX6" to="#TUS6">
  <label>AW229</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#TUS6" to="#PHX6">
  <label>AW225</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="cug1" type="undirected"
 order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#lax" to="#lvg"/>
 <arc from="#lax" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#lvg" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#phx" to="#tus"/>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="fr_cug1" type="undirected"
 order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>Inter-connexions des compagnies aériennes dans le Sud-Ouest des Etats-Unis.</label>
 <node xml:id="fr_lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#fr_lax" to="#lvg"/>
 <arc from="#fr_lax" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#fr_lvg" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#fr_phx" to="#tus"/>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="zh-tw_cug1"
 type="undirected" order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>美國西南部航空站</label>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lax" to="#zh-tw_lvg"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lax" to="#zh-tw_phx"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lvg" to="#zh-tw_phx"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_phx" to="#zh-tw_tus"/>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex11" adjTo="#gnex12"
  adj="#gnex13" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex12" adjFrom="#gnex11"
  adjTo="#gnex13">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex13" adjFrom="#gnex12"
  adj="#gnex11" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex21" adjTo="#gnex22"
  adj="#gnex23" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex22" adjTo="#gnex23">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex23" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex31" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex32" adjFrom="#gnex31">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex33" adjFrom="#gnex32"
  adj="#gnex31" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex41"
  adj="#gnex42 #gnex43" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex42"
  adj="#gnex41 #gnex43">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex43"
  adj="#gnex42 #gnex41" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex51" adjTo="#gnex52"
  adj="#gnex53" inDegree="1" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex52" adjFrom="#gnex51"
  adjTo="#gnex53" inDegree="2">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex53" adjFrom="#gnex52"
  adj="#gnex51" inDegree="2" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex61" adjTo="#gnex62"
  adj="#gnex63" outDegree="2" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex62" adjFrom="#gnex61"
  adjTo="#gnex63" outDegree="1">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex63" adjFrom="#gnex62"
  adj="#gnex61" outDegree="2" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex71" adjTo="#gnex72"
  adj="#gnex73" outDegree="1" inDegree="0" degree="1"
  type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex72" adjFrom="#gnex71"
  adjTo="#gnex73" outDegree="1" inDegree="1" degree="0">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex73" adjFrom="#gnex72"
  adj="#gnex71" outDegree="0" inDegree="1" degree="1"
  type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

20.1.1. Transition Networks

<graph type="network-transition"
 xml:id="SS8" order="5" size="6">
 <label>(8)</label>
 <node xml:id="Q0" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="1" type="initial"/>
 <node xml:id="Q1" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="3"/>
 <node xml:id="Q2" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1"/>
 <node xml:id="Q3" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1"/>
 <node xml:id="Q4" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="0" type="final"/>
 <arc from="#Q0" to="#Q1">
  <label>THE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q1">
  <label>OLD</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q2">
  <label>MAN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q3">
  <label>MEN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q2" to="#Q4">
  <label>COMES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q3" to="#Q4">
  <label>COME</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.1. Transition Networks

<graph type="transducer" order="7" size="10">
 <node xml:id="T0" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="3" type="initial">
  <label>0</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T1" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T2" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T3" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T6" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="0" type="final">
  <label>6</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T1">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>L'</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T2">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>LE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T3">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>LES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T1" to="#T4">
  <label>MAN</label>
  <label>HOMME</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T2" to="#T1">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEIL</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T2" to="#T2">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEIL</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T3" to="#T3">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEUX</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T3" to="#T5">
  <label>MEN</label>
  <label>HOMMES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T4" to="#T6">
  <label>COMES</label>
  <label>VIENT</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T5" to="#T6">
  <label>COME</label>
  <label>VIENNENT</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.2. Family Trees

<graph type="family_tree" order="13"
 size="12">
 <node xml:id="KATHR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/kr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Katherine</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="AMBER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/ar1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Amberley</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KAR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="3">
  <label>K+A</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="BERTR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/br1" inDegree="1" outDegree="2">
  <label>Bertrand</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PETER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/pr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Peter</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="DORAR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/dr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Dora</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PBR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>P+B</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="DBR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>D+B</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="FRANR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/fr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Frank</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="RACHR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/rr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Rachel</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CONRR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/cr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Conrad</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KATER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/kr2" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Kate</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="JOHNR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/jr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>John</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#KATHR" to="#KAR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#AMBER" to="#KAR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#BERTR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#FRANR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#RACHR">
  <label>Da</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PETER" to="#PBR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#BERTR" to="#PBR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PBR" to="#CONRR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DORAR" to="#DBR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#BERTR" to="#DBR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DBR" to="#KATER">
  <label>Da</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DBR" to="#JOHNR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.3. Historical Interpretation

<graph type="directed" order="7" size="9">
 <node xml:id="EARL">
  <label>Earl of Argyll's land</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="GALL"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#gall">
  <label>Gallachalzie</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PERT">
  <label>Pertinents</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PER1">
  <label>Pertinents part</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PER2">
  <label>Pertinents part</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KNAP"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#knapfs">
  <label>Lordship of Knapdale</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="ARGY"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#argyfs">
  <label>Sherrifdome of Argyll</label>
 </node>
 <arc xml:id="EARLGALL" from="#EARL"
  to="#GALL">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="EARLARGY" from="#EARL"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#PERTARGY #KNAPARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="EARLPERT" from="#EARL"
  to="#PERT">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTPER1" from="#PERT"
  to="#PER1">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTPER2" from="#PERT"
  to="#PER2">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTARGY" from="#PERT"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#EARLARGY #KNAPARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PER1KNAP" from="#PER1"
  to="#KNAP">
  <label>BY</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PER2KNAP" from="#PER2"
  to="#KNAP">
  <label>PART OF</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="KNAPARGY" from="#KNAP"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#EARLARGY #PERTARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<node>

<node> (node) encodes a node, a possibly labeled point in a graph. [20.1. Graphs and Digraphs]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

value value⚓︎
provides the value of a node, which is a feature structure or other analytic element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

type type⚓︎
provides a type for a node.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

initial

initial node in a transition network

final

final node in a transition network

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex11" adjTo="#gnex12"
  adj="#gnex13" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex12" adjFrom="#gnex11"
  adjTo="#gnex13">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex13" adjFrom="#gnex12"
  adj="#gnex11" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

Show all ⚓︎

adjTo adjTo⚓︎
(adjacent to) gives the identifiers of the nodes which are adjacent to the current node.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex21" adjTo="#gnex22"
  adj="#gnex23" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex22" adjTo="#gnex23">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex23" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

Show all ⚓︎

adjFrom adjFrom⚓︎
(adjacent from) gives the identifiers of the nodes which are adjacent from the current node.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex31" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex32" adjFrom="#gnex31">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex33" adjFrom="#gnex32"
  adj="#gnex31" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

Show all ⚓︎

adj adj⚓︎
(adjacent) gives the identifiers of the nodes which are both adjacent to and adjacent from the current node.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex41"
  adj="#gnex42 #gnex43" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex42"
  adj="#gnex41 #gnex43">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex43"
  adj="#gnex42 #gnex41" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

Show all ⚓︎

Note

Use this attribute instead of the adjTo and adjFrom attributes when the graph is undirected and vice versa if the graph is directed.

inDegree inDegree⚓︎
gives the in degree of the node, the number of nodes which are adjacent from the given node.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex51" adjTo="#gnex52"
  adj="#gnex53" inDegree="1" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex52" adjFrom="#gnex51"
  adjTo="#gnex53" inDegree="2">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex53" adjFrom="#gnex52"
  adj="#gnex51" inDegree="2" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

Show all ⚓︎

outDegree outDegree⚓︎
gives the out degree of the node, the number of nodes which are adjacent to the given node.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex61" adjTo="#gnex62"
  adj="#gnex63" outDegree="2" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex62" adjFrom="#gnex61"
  adjTo="#gnex63" outDegree="1">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex63" adjFrom="#gnex62"
  adj="#gnex61" outDegree="2" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

Show all ⚓︎

degree degree⚓︎
gives the degree of the node, the number of arcs with which the node is incident.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex71" adjTo="#gnex72"
  adj="#gnex73" outDegree="1" inDegree="0" degree="1"
  type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex72" adjFrom="#gnex71"
  adjTo="#gnex73" outDegree="1" inDegree="1" degree="0">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex73" adjFrom="#gnex72"
  adj="#gnex71" outDegree="0" inDegree="1" degree="1"
  type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

Show all ⚓︎

Note

Use this attribute instead of the inDegree and outDegree attributes when the graph is undirected and vice versa if the graph is directed.

Contained by

nets: graph

May contain

core: label

Note

Zero, one, or two children label elements may be present. The first occurrence of label provides a label for the arc; the second provides a second label for the arc, and should be used if a transducer is being encoded whose actions are associated with nodes rather than with arcs.

Example

<node xml:id="t6" type="final" inDegree="2"
 outDegree="0">
 <label>6</label>
</node>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence minOccurs="0">
  <elementRef key="label"/>
  <elementRef key="label" minOccurs="0"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element node
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute value { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute type { "initial" | "final" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute adjTo { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   attribute adjFrom { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   attribute adj { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   attribute inDegree { teidata.count }?,
   attribute outDegree { teidata.count }?,
   attribute degree { teidata.count }?,
   ( ( label, label? )? )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <node> (node)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <node> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <node> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG1"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX" to="#LVG"/>
 <arc from="#LAX" to="#PHX"/>
 <arc from="#LVG" to="#PHX"/>
 <arc from="#PHX" to="#TUS"/>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG2"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX2" degree="2"
  adj="#LVG2 #PHX2">
  <label>LAX2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG2" degree="2"
  adj="#LAX2 #PHX2">
  <label>LVG2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX2" degree="3"
  adj="#LAX2 #LVG2 #TUS2">
  <label>PHX2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS2" degree="1" adj="#PHX2">
  <label>TUS2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB2" degree="0">
  <label>CIB2</label>
 </node>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG3"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX3" degree="2"
  adj="#LVG3 #PHX3">
  <label>LAX3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG3" degree="2" adj="#PHX3">
  <label>LVG3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX3" degree="3" adj="#TUS3">
  <label>PHX3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS3" degree="1">
  <label>TUS3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB3" degree="0">
  <label>CIB3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG1"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>LAX4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>LVG4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX4" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>PHX4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>TUS4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB4" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="0">
  <label>CIB4</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX4" to="#LVG4"/>
 <arc from="#LVG4" to="#PHX4"/>
 <arc from="#PHX4" to="#LAX4"/>
 <arc from="#PHX4" to="#TUS4"/>
 <arc from="#TUS4" to="#PHX4"/>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG2"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjTo="#LVG5" adjFrom="#PHX5">
  <label>LAX5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjFrom="#LAX5" adjTo="#PHX5">
  <label>LVG5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX5" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2" adjTo="#LAX5 #TUS" adjFrom="#LVG5 #TUS5">
  <label>PHX5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1" adjTo="#PHX5" adjFrom="#PHX5">
  <label>TUS5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB5" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="0">
  <label>CIB5</label>
 </node>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG3"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX6">
  <label>LAX6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG6">
  <label>LVG6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX6">
  <label>PHX6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS6">
  <label>TUS6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB6">
  <label>CIB6</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX6" to="#LVG6">
  <label>SW117</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#LVG6" to="#PHX6">
  <label>SW711</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PHX6" to="#LAX6">
  <label>AA218</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PHX6" to="#TUS6">
  <label>AW229</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#TUS6" to="#PHX6">
  <label>AW225</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="cug1" type="undirected"
 order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#lax" to="#lvg"/>
 <arc from="#lax" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#lvg" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#phx" to="#tus"/>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="fr_cug1" type="undirected"
 order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>Inter-connexions des compagnies aériennes dans le Sud-Ouest des Etats-Unis.</label>
 <node xml:id="fr_lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#fr_lax" to="#lvg"/>
 <arc from="#fr_lax" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#fr_lvg" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#fr_phx" to="#tus"/>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="zh-tw_cug1"
 type="undirected" order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>美國西南部航空站</label>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lax" to="#zh-tw_lvg"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lax" to="#zh-tw_phx"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lvg" to="#zh-tw_phx"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_phx" to="#zh-tw_tus"/>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex11" adjTo="#gnex12"
  adj="#gnex13" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex12" adjFrom="#gnex11"
  adjTo="#gnex13">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex13" adjFrom="#gnex12"
  adj="#gnex11" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex21" adjTo="#gnex22"
  adj="#gnex23" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex22" adjTo="#gnex23">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex23" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex31" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex32" adjFrom="#gnex31">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex33" adjFrom="#gnex32"
  adj="#gnex31" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex41"
  adj="#gnex42 #gnex43" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex42"
  adj="#gnex41 #gnex43">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex43"
  adj="#gnex42 #gnex41" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex51" adjTo="#gnex52"
  adj="#gnex53" inDegree="1" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex52" adjFrom="#gnex51"
  adjTo="#gnex53" inDegree="2">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex53" adjFrom="#gnex52"
  adj="#gnex51" inDegree="2" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex61" adjTo="#gnex62"
  adj="#gnex63" outDegree="2" type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex62" adjFrom="#gnex61"
  adjTo="#gnex63" outDegree="1">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex63" adjFrom="#gnex62"
  adj="#gnex61" outDegree="2" type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<graph>
 <node xml:id="gnex71" adjTo="#gnex72"
  adj="#gnex73" outDegree="1" inDegree="0" degree="1"
  type="initial">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex72" adjFrom="#gnex71"
  adjTo="#gnex73" outDegree="1" inDegree="1" degree="0">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="gnex73" adjFrom="#gnex72"
  adj="#gnex71" outDegree="0" inDegree="1" degree="1"
  type="final">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
</graph>

<node>

<node xml:id="t6" type="final" inDegree="2"
 outDegree="0">
 <label>6</label>
</node>

<node>

<node xml:id="fr_t6" type="final"
 inDegree="2" outDegree="0">
 <label>6</label>
</node>

20.1.1. Transition Networks

<graph type="network-transition"
 xml:id="SS8" order="5" size="6">
 <label>(8)</label>
 <node xml:id="Q0" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="1" type="initial"/>
 <node xml:id="Q1" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="3"/>
 <node xml:id="Q2" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1"/>
 <node xml:id="Q3" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1"/>
 <node xml:id="Q4" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="0" type="final"/>
 <arc from="#Q0" to="#Q1">
  <label>THE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q1">
  <label>OLD</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q2">
  <label>MAN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q3">
  <label>MEN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q2" to="#Q4">
  <label>COMES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q3" to="#Q4">
  <label>COME</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.1. Transition Networks

<graph type="transducer" order="7" size="10">
 <node xml:id="T0" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="3" type="initial">
  <label>0</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T1" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T2" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T3" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T6" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="0" type="final">
  <label>6</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T1">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>L'</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T2">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>LE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T3">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>LES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T1" to="#T4">
  <label>MAN</label>
  <label>HOMME</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T2" to="#T1">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEIL</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T2" to="#T2">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEIL</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T3" to="#T3">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEUX</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T3" to="#T5">
  <label>MEN</label>
  <label>HOMMES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T4" to="#T6">
  <label>COMES</label>
  <label>VIENT</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T5" to="#T6">
  <label>COME</label>
  <label>VIENNENT</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.2. Family Trees

<graph type="family_tree" order="13"
 size="12">
 <node xml:id="KATHR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/kr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Katherine</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="AMBER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/ar1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Amberley</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KAR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="3">
  <label>K+A</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="BERTR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/br1" inDegree="1" outDegree="2">
  <label>Bertrand</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PETER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/pr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Peter</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="DORAR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/dr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Dora</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PBR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>P+B</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="DBR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>D+B</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="FRANR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/fr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Frank</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="RACHR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/rr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Rachel</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CONRR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/cr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Conrad</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KATER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/kr2" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Kate</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="JOHNR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/jr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>John</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#KATHR" to="#KAR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#AMBER" to="#KAR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#BERTR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#FRANR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#RACHR">
  <label>Da</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PETER" to="#PBR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#BERTR" to="#PBR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PBR" to="#CONRR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DORAR" to="#DBR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#BERTR" to="#DBR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DBR" to="#KATER">
  <label>Da</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DBR" to="#JOHNR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.3. Historical Interpretation

<graph type="directed" order="7" size="9">
 <node xml:id="EARL">
  <label>Earl of Argyll's land</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="GALL"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#gall">
  <label>Gallachalzie</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PERT">
  <label>Pertinents</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PER1">
  <label>Pertinents part</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PER2">
  <label>Pertinents part</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KNAP"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#knapfs">
  <label>Lordship of Knapdale</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="ARGY"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#argyfs">
  <label>Sherrifdome of Argyll</label>
 </node>
 <arc xml:id="EARLGALL" from="#EARL"
  to="#GALL">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="EARLARGY" from="#EARL"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#PERTARGY #KNAPARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="EARLPERT" from="#EARL"
  to="#PERT">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTPER1" from="#PERT"
  to="#PER1">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTPER2" from="#PERT"
  to="#PER2">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTARGY" from="#PERT"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#EARLARGY #KNAPARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PER1KNAP" from="#PER1"
  to="#KNAP">
  <label>BY</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PER2KNAP" from="#PER2"
  to="#KNAP">
  <label>PART OF</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="KNAPARGY" from="#KNAP"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#EARLARGY #PERTARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<arc>

<arc> (arc) encodes an arc, the connection from one node to another in a graph. [20.1. Graphs and Digraphs]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

from from⚓︎
gives the identifier of the node which is adjacent from this arc.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.pointer

to to⚓︎
gives the identifier of the node which is adjacent to this arc.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Contained by

nets: graph

May contain

core: label

Note

The arc element must be used if the arcs are labeled. Otherwise, arcs can be encoded using the adj, adjTo and adjFrom attributes on the node tags in the graph. Both arc tags and adjacency attributes can be used, but the resulting encoding would be highly redundant.

Zero, one, or two children label elements may be present. The first occurrence of label provides a label for the arc; the second provides a second label for the arc, and should be used if a transducer is being encoded.

Example

<arc from="#T3" to="#T3">
 <label>OLD</label>
 <label>VIEUX</label>
</arc>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence minOccurs="0">
  <elementRef key="label"/>
  <elementRef key="label" minOccurs="0"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element arc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute from { teidata.pointer },
   attribute to { teidata.pointer },
   ( ( label, label? )? )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <arc> (arc)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <arc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <arc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="undirected" xml:id="CUG1"
 order="5" size="4">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX" to="#LVG"/>
 <arc from="#LAX" to="#PHX"/>
 <arc from="#LVG" to="#PHX"/>
 <arc from="#PHX" to="#TUS"/>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG1"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>LAX4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>LVG4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX4" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>PHX4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>TUS4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB4" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="0">
  <label>CIB4</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX4" to="#LVG4"/>
 <arc from="#LVG4" to="#PHX4"/>
 <arc from="#PHX4" to="#LAX4"/>
 <arc from="#PHX4" to="#TUS4"/>
 <arc from="#TUS4" to="#PHX4"/>
</graph>

20.1. Graphs and Digraphs

<graph type="directed" xml:id="RDG3"
 order="5" size="5">
 <label>Selected Airline Routes in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="LAX6">
  <label>LAX6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="LVG6">
  <label>LVG6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PHX6">
  <label>PHX6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="TUS6">
  <label>TUS6</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CIB6">
  <label>CIB6</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#LAX6" to="#LVG6">
  <label>SW117</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#LVG6" to="#PHX6">
  <label>SW711</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PHX6" to="#LAX6">
  <label>AA218</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PHX6" to="#TUS6">
  <label>AW229</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#TUS6" to="#PHX6">
  <label>AW225</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="cug1" type="undirected"
 order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>Airline Connections in Southwestern USA</label>
 <node xml:id="lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#lax" to="#lvg"/>
 <arc from="#lax" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#lvg" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#phx" to="#tus"/>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="fr_cug1" type="undirected"
 order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>Inter-connexions des compagnies aériennes dans le Sud-Ouest des Etats-Unis.</label>
 <node xml:id="fr_lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="fr_cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#fr_lax" to="#lvg"/>
 <arc from="#fr_lax" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#fr_lvg" to="#phx"/>
 <arc from="#fr_phx" to="#tus"/>
</graph>

<graph>

<graph xml:id="zh-tw_cug1"
 type="undirected" order="5" size="4"
 rend="LABEL-PLACE bottom center NODE-FRAME none ARC solid line">
 <label>美國西南部航空站</label>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_lax" degree="2">
  <label>LAX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_lvg" degree="2">
  <label>LVG</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_phx" degree="3">
  <label>PHX</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_tus" degree="1">
  <label>TUS</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="zh-tw_cib" degree="0">
  <label>CIB</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lax" to="#zh-tw_lvg"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lax" to="#zh-tw_phx"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_lvg" to="#zh-tw_phx"/>
 <arc from="#zh-tw_phx" to="#zh-tw_tus"/>
</graph>

<arc>

<arc from="#T3" to="#T3">
 <label>OLD</label>
 <label>VIEUX</label>
</arc>

<arc>

<arc from="#fr_T3" to="#T3">
 <label>OLD</label>
 <label>VIEUX</label>
</arc>

<arc>

<arc from="#zh-tw_T3" to="#zh-tw_T3">
 <label>OLD</label>
 <label>年老</label>
</arc>

20.1.1. Transition Networks

<graph type="network-transition"
 xml:id="SS8" order="5" size="6">
 <label>(8)</label>
 <node xml:id="Q0" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="1" type="initial"/>
 <node xml:id="Q1" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="3"/>
 <node xml:id="Q2" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1"/>
 <node xml:id="Q3" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1"/>
 <node xml:id="Q4" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="0" type="final"/>
 <arc from="#Q0" to="#Q1">
  <label>THE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q1">
  <label>OLD</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q2">
  <label>MAN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q1" to="#Q3">
  <label>MEN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q2" to="#Q4">
  <label>COMES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#Q3" to="#Q4">
  <label>COME</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.1. Transition Networks

<graph type="transducer" order="7" size="10">
 <node xml:id="T0" inDegree="0"
  outDegree="3" type="initial">
  <label>0</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T1" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>1</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T2" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>2</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T3" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>3</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T4" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>4</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T5" inDegree="1"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>5</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="T6" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="0" type="final">
  <label>6</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T1">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>L'</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T2">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>LE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T0" to="#T3">
  <label>THE</label>
  <label>LES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T1" to="#T4">
  <label>MAN</label>
  <label>HOMME</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T2" to="#T1">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEIL</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T2" to="#T2">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEIL</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T3" to="#T3">
  <label>OLD</label>
  <label>VIEUX</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T3" to="#T5">
  <label>MEN</label>
  <label>HOMMES</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T4" to="#T6">
  <label>COMES</label>
  <label>VIENT</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#T5" to="#T6">
  <label>COME</label>
  <label>VIENNENT</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.2. Family Trees

<graph type="family_tree" order="13"
 size="12">
 <node xml:id="KATHR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/kr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Katherine</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="AMBER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/ar1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Amberley</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KAR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="3">
  <label>K+A</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="BERTR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/br1" inDegree="1" outDegree="2">
  <label>Bertrand</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PETER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/pr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Peter</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="DORAR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/dr1" inDegree="0" outDegree="1">
  <label>Dora</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PBR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="1">
  <label>P+B</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="DBR" inDegree="2"
  outDegree="2">
  <label>D+B</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="FRANR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/fr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Frank</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="RACHR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/rr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Rachel</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="CONRR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/cr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Conrad</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KATER"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/kr2" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>Kate</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="JOHNR"
  value="http://example.com/russell-fs/tei/jr1" inDegree="1" outDegree="0">
  <label>John</label>
 </node>
 <arc from="#KATHR" to="#KAR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#AMBER" to="#KAR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#BERTR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#FRANR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#KAR" to="#RACHR">
  <label>Da</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PETER" to="#PBR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#BERTR" to="#PBR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#PBR" to="#CONRR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DORAR" to="#DBR">
  <label>Mo</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#BERTR" to="#DBR">
  <label>Fa</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DBR" to="#KATER">
  <label>Da</label>
 </arc>
 <arc from="#DBR" to="#JOHNR">
  <label>So</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

20.1.3. Historical Interpretation

<graph type="directed" order="7" size="9">
 <node xml:id="EARL">
  <label>Earl of Argyll's land</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="GALL"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#gall">
  <label>Gallachalzie</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PERT">
  <label>Pertinents</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PER1">
  <label>Pertinents part</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="PER2">
  <label>Pertinents part</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="KNAP"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#knapfs">
  <label>Lordship of Knapdale</label>
 </node>
 <node xml:id="ARGY"
  value="http://example.com/people/scots#argyfs">
  <label>Sherrifdome of Argyll</label>
 </node>
 <arc xml:id="EARLGALL" from="#EARL"
  to="#GALL">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="EARLARGY" from="#EARL"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#PERTARGY #KNAPARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="EARLPERT" from="#EARL"
  to="#PERT">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTPER1" from="#PERT"
  to="#PER1">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTPER2" from="#PERT"
  to="#PER2">
  <label>INCLUDE</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PERTARGY" from="#PERT"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#EARLARGY #KNAPARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PER1KNAP" from="#PER1"
  to="#KNAP">
  <label>BY</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="PER2KNAP" from="#PER2"
  to="#KNAP">
  <label>PART OF</label>
 </arc>
 <arc xml:id="KNAPARGY" from="#KNAP"
  to="#ARGY" exclude="#EARLARGY #PERTARGY">
  <label>IN</label>
 </arc>
</graph>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<tree>

<tree> (tree) encodes a tree, which is made up of a root, internal nodes, leaves, and arcs from root to leaves. [20.2. Trees]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

arity arity⚓︎
gives the maximum number of children of the root and internal nodes of the tree.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

ord ord⚓︎
(ordered) indicates whether or not the tree is ordered, or if it is partially ordered.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

true

indicates that all of the branching nodes of the tree are ordered.

partial

indicates that some of the branching nodes of the tree are ordered and some are unordered.

false

indicates that all of the branching nodes of the tree are unordered.

order order⚓︎
gives the order of the tree, i.e., the number of its nodes.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Note

The size of a tree is always one less than its order, hence there is no need for both a size and order attribute.

Member of

model.divPart model.standOffPart

Contained by

core: item note q quote said stage textLang

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

linking: standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

nets: forest

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

transcr: metamark

May contain

core: label

nets: iNode leaf root

Note

A root, and zero or more internal nodes and leaves, but if there is an internal node, there must also be at least one leaf.

Example

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="G-div1"
  children="#G-plu1 #G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu1"
  children="#G-exp2 #G-exp3" parent="#G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp1"
  children="#G-plu2 #G-num2.3" parent="#G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp2"
  children="#G-vara1 #G-num2.1" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp3"
  children="#G-varb1 #G-num2.2" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu2"
  children="#G-vara2 #G-varb2" parent="#G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb1" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.2" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.3" parent="#G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="label" minOccurs="0"/>
  <sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="leaf"/>
    <elementRef key="iNode"/>
   </alternate>
   <elementRef key="root"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <elementRef key="leaf"/>
    <elementRef key="iNode"/>
   </alternate>
  </sequence>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element tree
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute arity { teidata.count }?,
   attribute ord { "true" | "partial" | "false" },
   attribute order { teidata.count }?,
   ( label?, ( ( leaf | iNode )*, root, ( leaf | iNode )* ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <tree> (tree)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <tree> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <tree> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex1" arity="2" ord="true" order="12">
 <root xml:id="G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU1 #EXP1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#EXP2 #EXP3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU2 #NUM2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP2" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARA1 #NUM2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP3" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARB1 #NUM2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU2" parent="#EXP1"
  children="#VARA2 #VARB2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB1" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.2" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.3" parent="#EXP1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex2" ord="partial" arity="2"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="divi1" ord="true"
  children="#plu1 #exp1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="plu1" ord="false"
  parent="#divi1" children="#exp2 #exp3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp1" ord="true"
  parent="#divi1" children="#plu2 #num2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp2" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#vara1 #num2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp3" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#varb1 #num2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="plu2" ord="false"
  parent="#exp1" children="#vara2 #varb2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="vara1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb1" parent="#exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.2" parent="#exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="vara2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.3" parent="#exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex3" ord="true" arity="2" order="8">
 <root xml:id="GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-P1 #GD-NP1">
  <label>PP</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-P1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-WITH1">
  <label>P</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-WITH1" parent="#GD-P1">
  <label>with</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-NP1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-THE1 #GD-PERI1">
  <label>NP</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-ART1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-THE1">
  <label>Art</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THE1" parent="#GD-ART1">
  <label>the</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-N1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-PERI1">
  <label>N</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-PERI1" parent="#GD-N1">
  <label>periscope</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex4" arity="2" order="8" ord="true">
 <leaf xml:id="GD-LOOK1" parent="#GD-VB2">
  <label>look</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THEM1" parent="#GD-PN1">
  <label>them</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-UP1" parent="#GD-PT1">
  <label>up</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB2" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-LOOK1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PN1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-THEM1">
  <label>PN</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PT1" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-UP1" follow="#GD-PN1">
  <label>PT</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB2 #GD-PT1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <root xml:id="GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB1 #GD-PN1">
  <label>VP</label>
 </root>
</tree>

<tree>

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="G-div1"
  children="#G-plu1 #G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu1"
  children="#G-exp2 #G-exp3" parent="#G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp1"
  children="#G-plu2 #G-num2.3" parent="#G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp2"
  children="#G-vara1 #G-num2.1" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp3"
  children="#G-varb1 #G-num2.2" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu2"
  children="#G-vara2 #G-varb2" parent="#G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb1" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.2" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.3" parent="#G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

<tree>

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="fr_G-div1"
  children="#fr_G-plu1 #fr_G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-plu1"
  children="#fr_G-exp2 #fr_G-exp3" parent="#fr_G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp1"
  children="#fr_G-plu2 #fr_G-num2.3" parent="#fr_G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp2"
  children="#fr_G-vara1 #fr_G-num2.1" parent="#fr_G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp3"
  children="#fr_G-varb1 #fr_G-num2.2" parent="#fr_G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-plu2"
  children="#fr_G-vara2 #fr_G-varb2" parent="#fr_G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-vara1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-varb1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.2"
  parent="#fr_G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-vara2"
  parent="#fr_G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-varb2"
  parent="#fr_G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.3"
  parent="#fr_G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

<listForest>

<listForest>
 <forest type="derivation-syntactic">
  <tree ord="true">
   <root children="#fgex1 #fgex2"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </tree>
<!-- ... -->
 </forest>
 <forest type="derivation-prosodic">
  <tree ord="true">
   <root children="#fgex3 #fgex4"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </tree>
<!-- ... -->
 </forest>
</listForest>

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C Elements

<root>

<root> (root node) represents the root node of a tree. [20.2. Trees]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

value value⚓︎
identifies the root node of the network by pointing to a feature structure or other analytic element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

children children⚓︎
identifies the elements which are the children of the root node.

Status
Required

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

If the root has no children (i.e., the tree is ‘trivial’), then the children attribute should be omitted.

ord ord⚓︎
(ordered) indicates whether or not the root is ordered.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Note

The value true indicates that the children of the root are ordered, whereas false indicates the are unordered.

Use if and only if ord is specified as partial on the tree element and the root has more than one child.

outDegree outDegree⚓︎
gives the out degree of the root, the number of its children.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Note

The in degree of the root is always 0.

Contained by

nets: tree

May contain

core: label

Example

<root xml:id="vp1" children="#vb1 #pn1"
 outDegree="2">
 <label>VP</label>
</root>
<leaf xml:id="vb1"/>
<leaf xml:id="pn1"/>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="label" minOccurs="0"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element root
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute value { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute children { list { teidata.pointer+ } },
   attribute ord { teidata.xTruthValue }?,
   attribute outDegree { teidata.count }?,
   label?
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <root> (root node)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <root> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <root> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex1" arity="2" ord="true" order="12">
 <root xml:id="G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU1 #EXP1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#EXP2 #EXP3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU2 #NUM2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP2" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARA1 #NUM2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP3" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARB1 #NUM2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU2" parent="#EXP1"
  children="#VARA2 #VARB2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB1" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.2" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.3" parent="#EXP1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex2" ord="partial" arity="2"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="divi1" ord="true"
  children="#plu1 #exp1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="plu1" ord="false"
  parent="#divi1" children="#exp2 #exp3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp1" ord="true"
  parent="#divi1" children="#plu2 #num2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp2" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#vara1 #num2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp3" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#varb1 #num2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="plu2" ord="false"
  parent="#exp1" children="#vara2 #varb2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="vara1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb1" parent="#exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.2" parent="#exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="vara2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.3" parent="#exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex3" ord="true" arity="2" order="8">
 <root xml:id="GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-P1 #GD-NP1">
  <label>PP</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-P1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-WITH1">
  <label>P</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-WITH1" parent="#GD-P1">
  <label>with</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-NP1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-THE1 #GD-PERI1">
  <label>NP</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-ART1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-THE1">
  <label>Art</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THE1" parent="#GD-ART1">
  <label>the</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-N1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-PERI1">
  <label>N</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-PERI1" parent="#GD-N1">
  <label>periscope</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex4" arity="2" order="8" ord="true">
 <leaf xml:id="GD-LOOK1" parent="#GD-VB2">
  <label>look</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THEM1" parent="#GD-PN1">
  <label>them</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-UP1" parent="#GD-PT1">
  <label>up</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB2" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-LOOK1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PN1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-THEM1">
  <label>PN</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PT1" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-UP1" follow="#GD-PN1">
  <label>PT</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB2 #GD-PT1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <root xml:id="GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB1 #GD-PN1">
  <label>VP</label>
 </root>
</tree>

<tree>

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="G-div1"
  children="#G-plu1 #G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu1"
  children="#G-exp2 #G-exp3" parent="#G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp1"
  children="#G-plu2 #G-num2.3" parent="#G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp2"
  children="#G-vara1 #G-num2.1" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp3"
  children="#G-varb1 #G-num2.2" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu2"
  children="#G-vara2 #G-varb2" parent="#G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb1" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.2" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.3" parent="#G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

<tree>

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="fr_G-div1"
  children="#fr_G-plu1 #fr_G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-plu1"
  children="#fr_G-exp2 #fr_G-exp3" parent="#fr_G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp1"
  children="#fr_G-plu2 #fr_G-num2.3" parent="#fr_G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp2"
  children="#fr_G-vara1 #fr_G-num2.1" parent="#fr_G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp3"
  children="#fr_G-varb1 #fr_G-num2.2" parent="#fr_G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-plu2"
  children="#fr_G-vara2 #fr_G-varb2" parent="#fr_G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-vara1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-varb1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.2"
  parent="#fr_G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-vara2"
  parent="#fr_G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-varb2"
  parent="#fr_G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.3"
  parent="#fr_G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

<root>

<root xml:id="vp1" children="#vb1 #pn1"
 outDegree="2">
 <label>VP</label>
</root>
<leaf xml:id="vb1"/>
<leaf xml:id="pn1"/>

<root>

<root xml:id="fr_vp1"
 children="#fr_vb1 #fr_pn1" outDegree="2">
 <label>VP</label>
</root>
<leaf xml:id="fr_vb1"/>
<leaf xml:id="fr_pn1"/>

<listForest>

<listForest>
 <forest type="derivation-syntactic">
  <tree ord="true">
   <root children="#fgex1 #fgex2"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </tree>
<!-- ... -->
 </forest>
 <forest type="derivation-prosodic">
  <tree ord="true">
   <root children="#fgex3 #fgex4"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </tree>
<!-- ... -->
 </forest>
</listForest>

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C Elements

<iNode>

<iNode> (intermediate (or internal) node) represents an intermediate (or internal) node of a tree. [20.2. Trees]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

value value⚓︎
indicates an intermediate node, which is a feature structure or other analytic element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

children children⚓︎
provides a list of identifiers of the elements which are the children of the intermediate node.

Status
Required

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

parent parent⚓︎
provides the identifier of the element which is the parent of this node.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

ord ord⚓︎
(ordered) indicates whether or not the internal node is ordered.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Note

The value true indicates that the children of the intermediate node are ordered, whereas false indicates the are unordered.

Use if and only if ord is specified as partial on the tree element and the intermediate node has more than one child.

follow follow⚓︎
provides the identifier of an element which this node follows.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

If the tree is unordered or partially ordered, this attribute has the property of fixing the relative order of the intermediate node and the element which is the value of the attribute.

outDegree outDegree⚓︎
gives the out degree of an intermediate node, the number of its children.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Note

The in degree of an intermediate node is always 1.

Contained by

nets: tree

May contain

core: label

Example

<iNode xml:id="pt1" children="#GD-UP1"
 parent="#GD-VB1" follow="#GD-PN1" outDegree="1">
 <label>PT</label>
</iNode>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="label" minOccurs="0"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element iNode
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute value { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute children { list { teidata.pointer+ } },
   attribute parent { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute ord { teidata.xTruthValue }?,
   attribute follow { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute outDegree { teidata.count }?,
   label?
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <iNode> (intermediate (or internal) node)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <iNode> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <iNode> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex1" arity="2" ord="true" order="12">
 <root xml:id="G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU1 #EXP1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#EXP2 #EXP3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU2 #NUM2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP2" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARA1 #NUM2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP3" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARB1 #NUM2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU2" parent="#EXP1"
  children="#VARA2 #VARB2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB1" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.2" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.3" parent="#EXP1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex2" ord="partial" arity="2"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="divi1" ord="true"
  children="#plu1 #exp1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="plu1" ord="false"
  parent="#divi1" children="#exp2 #exp3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp1" ord="true"
  parent="#divi1" children="#plu2 #num2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp2" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#vara1 #num2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp3" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#varb1 #num2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="plu2" ord="false"
  parent="#exp1" children="#vara2 #varb2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="vara1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb1" parent="#exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.2" parent="#exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="vara2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.3" parent="#exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex3" ord="true" arity="2" order="8">
 <root xml:id="GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-P1 #GD-NP1">
  <label>PP</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-P1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-WITH1">
  <label>P</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-WITH1" parent="#GD-P1">
  <label>with</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-NP1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-THE1 #GD-PERI1">
  <label>NP</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-ART1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-THE1">
  <label>Art</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THE1" parent="#GD-ART1">
  <label>the</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-N1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-PERI1">
  <label>N</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-PERI1" parent="#GD-N1">
  <label>periscope</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex4" arity="2" order="8" ord="true">
 <leaf xml:id="GD-LOOK1" parent="#GD-VB2">
  <label>look</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THEM1" parent="#GD-PN1">
  <label>them</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-UP1" parent="#GD-PT1">
  <label>up</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB2" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-LOOK1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PN1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-THEM1">
  <label>PN</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PT1" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-UP1" follow="#GD-PN1">
  <label>PT</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB2 #GD-PT1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <root xml:id="GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB1 #GD-PN1">
  <label>VP</label>
 </root>
</tree>

<tree>

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="G-div1"
  children="#G-plu1 #G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu1"
  children="#G-exp2 #G-exp3" parent="#G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp1"
  children="#G-plu2 #G-num2.3" parent="#G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp2"
  children="#G-vara1 #G-num2.1" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp3"
  children="#G-varb1 #G-num2.2" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu2"
  children="#G-vara2 #G-varb2" parent="#G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb1" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.2" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.3" parent="#G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

<tree>

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="fr_G-div1"
  children="#fr_G-plu1 #fr_G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-plu1"
  children="#fr_G-exp2 #fr_G-exp3" parent="#fr_G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp1"
  children="#fr_G-plu2 #fr_G-num2.3" parent="#fr_G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp2"
  children="#fr_G-vara1 #fr_G-num2.1" parent="#fr_G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp3"
  children="#fr_G-varb1 #fr_G-num2.2" parent="#fr_G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-plu2"
  children="#fr_G-vara2 #fr_G-varb2" parent="#fr_G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-vara1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-varb1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.2"
  parent="#fr_G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-vara2"
  parent="#fr_G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-varb2"
  parent="#fr_G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.3"
  parent="#fr_G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

<iNode>

<iNode xml:id="pt1" children="#GD-UP1"
 parent="#GD-VB1" follow="#GD-PN1" outDegree="1">
 <label>PT</label>
</iNode>

<iNode>

<iNode xml:id="fr_pt1"
 children="#fr_GD-UP1" parent="#fr_GD-VB1" follow="#GD-PN1"
 outDegree="1">
 <label>PT</label>
</iNode>

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C Elements

<leaf>

<leaf> (leaf) encodes the leaves (terminal nodes) of a tree. [20.2. Trees]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

value value⚓︎
provides a pointer to a feature structure or other analytic element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

parent parent⚓︎
provides the identifier of parent of a leaf.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

follow follow⚓︎
provides an identifier of an element which this leaf follows.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

If the tree is unordered or partially ordered, this attribute has the property of fixing the relative order of the leaf and the element which is the value of the attribute.

Contained by

nets: tree

May contain

core: label

Note

The in degree of a leaf is always 1, its out degree always 0.

Example

<leaf xml:id="peri1" parent="#n1">
 <label>periscope</label>
</leaf>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="label" minOccurs="0"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element leaf
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute value { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute parent { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute follow { teidata.pointer }?,
   label?
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <leaf> (leaf)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <leaf> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <leaf> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex1" arity="2" ord="true" order="12">
 <root xml:id="G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU1 #EXP1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#EXP2 #EXP3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP1" parent="#G-DIV1"
  children="#PLU2 #NUM2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP2" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARA1 #NUM2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="EXP3" parent="#PLU1"
  children="#VARB1 #NUM2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="PLU2" parent="#EXP1"
  children="#VARA2 #VARB2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.1" parent="#EXP2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB1" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.2" parent="#EXP3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARA2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="VARB2" parent="#PLU2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="NUM2.3" parent="#EXP1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex2" ord="partial" arity="2"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="divi1" ord="true"
  children="#plu1 #exp1">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="plu1" ord="false"
  parent="#divi1" children="#exp2 #exp3">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp1" ord="true"
  parent="#divi1" children="#plu2 #num2.3">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp2" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#vara1 #num2.1">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="exp3" ord="true"
  parent="#plu1" children="#varb1 #num2.2">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="plu2" ord="false"
  parent="#exp1" children="#vara2 #varb2">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="vara1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.1" parent="#exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb1" parent="#exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.2" parent="#exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="vara2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="varb2" parent="#plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="num2.3" parent="#exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex3" ord="true" arity="2" order="8">
 <root xml:id="GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-P1 #GD-NP1">
  <label>PP</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-P1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-WITH1">
  <label>P</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-WITH1" parent="#GD-P1">
  <label>with</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-NP1" parent="#GD-PP1"
  children="#GD-THE1 #GD-PERI1">
  <label>NP</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-ART1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-THE1">
  <label>Art</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THE1" parent="#GD-ART1">
  <label>the</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-N1" parent="#GD-NP1"
  children="#GD-PERI1">
  <label>N</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-PERI1" parent="#GD-N1">
  <label>periscope</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

20.2. Trees

<tree n="ex4" arity="2" order="8" ord="true">
 <leaf xml:id="GD-LOOK1" parent="#GD-VB2">
  <label>look</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-THEM1" parent="#GD-PN1">
  <label>them</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="GD-UP1" parent="#GD-PT1">
  <label>up</label>
 </leaf>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB2" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-LOOK1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PN1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-THEM1">
  <label>PN</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-PT1" parent="#GD-VB1"
  children="#GD-UP1" follow="#GD-PN1">
  <label>PT</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="GD-VB1" parent="#GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB2 #GD-PT1">
  <label>VB</label>
 </iNode>
 <root xml:id="GD-VP1"
  children="#GD-VB1 #GD-PN1">
  <label>VP</label>
 </root>
</tree>

<tree>

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="G-div1"
  children="#G-plu1 #G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu1"
  children="#G-exp2 #G-exp3" parent="#G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp1"
  children="#G-plu2 #G-num2.3" parent="#G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp2"
  children="#G-vara1 #G-num2.1" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-exp3"
  children="#G-varb1 #G-num2.2" parent="#G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="G-plu2"
  children="#G-vara2 #G-varb2" parent="#G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.1" parent="#G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb1" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.2" parent="#G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-vara2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-varb2" parent="#G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="G-num2.3" parent="#G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

<tree>

<tree n="ex2" arity="2" ord="partial"
 order="13">
 <root xml:id="fr_G-div1"
  children="#fr_G-plu1 #fr_G-exp1" ord="true">
  <label>/</label>
 </root>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-plu1"
  children="#fr_G-exp2 #fr_G-exp3" parent="#fr_G-div1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp1"
  children="#fr_G-plu2 #fr_G-num2.3" parent="#fr_G-div1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp2"
  children="#fr_G-vara1 #fr_G-num2.1" parent="#fr_G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-exp3"
  children="#fr_G-varb1 #fr_G-num2.2" parent="#fr_G-plu1" ord="true">
  <label>**</label>
 </iNode>
 <iNode xml:id="fr_G-plu2"
  children="#fr_G-vara2 #fr_G-varb2" parent="#fr_G-exp1" ord="false">
  <label>+</label>
 </iNode>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-vara1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp2">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-varb1"
  parent="#fr_G-exp3">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.2"
  parent="#fr_G-exp3">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-vara2"
  parent="#fr_G-plu2">
  <label>a</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-varb2"
  parent="#fr_G-plu2">
  <label>b</label>
 </leaf>
 <leaf xml:id="fr_G-num2.3"
  parent="#fr_G-exp1">
  <label>2</label>
 </leaf>
</tree>

<root>

<root xml:id="vp1" children="#vb1 #pn1"
 outDegree="2">
 <label>VP</label>
</root>
<leaf xml:id="vb1"/>
<leaf xml:id="pn1"/>

<root>

<root xml:id="fr_vp1"
 children="#fr_vb1 #fr_pn1" outDegree="2">
 <label>VP</label>
</root>
<leaf xml:id="fr_vb1"/>
<leaf xml:id="fr_pn1"/>

<leaf>

<leaf xml:id="peri1" parent="#n1">
 <label>periscope</label>
</leaf>

<leaf>

<leaf xml:id="fr_peri1" parent="#fr_n1">
 <label>périscope</label>
</leaf>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<eTree>

<eTree> (embedding tree) provides an alternative to the tree element for representing ordered rooted tree structures. [20.3. Another Tree Notation]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

value value⚓︎
provides the value of an embedding tree, which is a feature structure or other analytic element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Member of

model.divPart model.standOffPart

Contained by

core: item note q quote said stage textLang

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

linking: standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

nets: eTree forest triangle

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

transcr: metamark

May contain

core: label ptr ref

nets: eLeaf eTree triangle

tagdocs: listRef

Note

an optional label followed by zero or more embedding trees, triangles, or embedding leafs.

Example

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>periscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="label" minOccurs="0"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="eTree"/>
   <elementRef key="triangle"/>
   <elementRef key="eLeaf"/>
   <classRef key="model.ptrLike"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element eTree
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute value { teidata.pointer }?,
   ( label?, ( eTree | triangle | eLeaf | model.ptrLike )* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <eTree> (embedding tree)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <eTree> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <eTree> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>periscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex2">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <triangle>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>the periscope</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </triangle>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex3">
 <label>VP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>V</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>see</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>vessel</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="GD-PPA" exclude="#GD-PPB">
   <label>PP</label>
   <eTree>
    <label>P</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>with</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>NP</label>
    <eTree>
     <label>Art</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>the</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
    <eTree>
     <label>N</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>periscope</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="GD-PPB" copyOf="#GD-PPA"
  exclude="#GD-PPA">
  <label>PP</label>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex4">
 <label>VP</label>
 <eTree xml:id="VBARA" exclude="#VBARB">
  <label>V'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="VA">
   <label>V</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>see</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>NP</label>
   <eTree xml:id="SPEC1A">
    <label>Spec</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>the</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>N'</label>
    <eTree xml:id="NBAR2A">
     <label>N'</label>
     <eTree>
      <label>N</label>
      <eLeaf>
       <label>vessel</label>
      </eLeaf>
     </eTree>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="PPA1">
     <label>PP</label>
     <eTree>
      <label>P</label>
      <eLeaf>
       <label>with</label>
      </eLeaf>
     </eTree>
     <eTree>
      <label>NP</label>
      <eTree>
       <label>Spec</label>
       <eLeaf>
        <label>the</label>
       </eLeaf>
      </eTree>
      <eTree>
       <label>N'</label>
       <eTree>
        <label>N</label>
        <eLeaf>
         <label>periscope</label>
        </eLeaf>
       </eTree>
      </eTree>
     </eTree>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="VBARB" exclude="#VBARA">
  <label>V'</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>V'</label>
   <eTree xml:id="VB" copyOf="#VA">
    <label>V</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>NP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="SPEC1B" copyOf="#SPEC1A">
     <label>Spec</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="NBAR2B" copyOf="#NBAR2A">
     <label>N'</label>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="PPB" copyOf="#PPA1">
   <label>PP</label>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<forest n="ex5" type="derivation-syntactic">
 <eTree n="Stage 1" xml:id="S1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="S1COMP">
   <label>COMP</label>
   <eLeaf xml:id="S1E">
    <label>e</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="S1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="S1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>you</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="S1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="S1V">
     <label>V</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>do</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="S1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf xml:id="S1WH">
      <label>what</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree n="Stage 2" xml:id="S2SBAR"
  corresp="#S1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="S2COMP" corresp="#S1COMP">
   <label>COMP</label>
   <eTree copyOf="#S1NP2" corresp="#S1E">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="S2S" corresp="#S1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="S2NP1" copyOf="#S1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="S2VP" corresp="#S1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="S2V" copyOf="#S1V">
     <label>V</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="S2NP2" corresp="#S1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf corresp="#S1WH">
      <label>t</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</forest>

<eTree>

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>periscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

<eTree>

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>avec</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>le</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>périscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

<forest>

<forest n="ex5" type="derivation-syntactic">
 <eTree n="Stage 1" xml:id="s1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="s1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="s1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>you</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="s1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="s1V">
     <label>V</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>do</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree n="Stage 2" xml:id="s2SBAR"
  corresp="#s1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="s2S" corresp="#s1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="s2NP1" copyOf="#s1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="s2VP" corresp="#s1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="s2V" copyOf="#s1V">
     <label>V</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="s2NP2" corresp="#s1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf corresp="#s1WH">
      <label>t</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</forest>

20.4. Representing Textual Transmission

<eTree type="hypothetical">
 <label>δ</label>
 <eLeaf type="extant">
  <label>L</label>
 </eLeaf>
 <eLeaf type="lost">
  <label>t</label>
 </eLeaf>
</eTree>

20.4. Representing Textual Transmission

<eTree type="hypothetical">
 <label>α</label>
 <eTree type="hypothetical">
  <label>β</label>
  <eTree type="hypothetical">
   <label>δ</label>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>L</label>
   </eLeaf>
   <eLeaf type="lost">
    <label>t</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree type="hypothetical">
   <label>ε</label>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>R</label>
   </eLeaf>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>A</label>
    <ptr type="contamination"
     target="#gamma"/>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="gamma" type="hypothetical">
  <label>γ</label>
  <eLeaf type="extant">
   <label>I</label>
  </eLeaf>
  <eLeaf type="extant">
   <label>X</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<triangle>

<triangle> (underspecified embedding tree, so called because of its characteristic shape when drawn) provides for an underspecified eTree, that is, an eTree with information left out. [20.3. Another Tree Notation]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

value value⚓︎
supplies a value for the triangle, in the form of the identifier of a feature structure or other analytic element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Contained by

nets: eTree forest triangle

May contain

core: label

nets: eLeaf eTree triangle

Note

An optional label followed by zero or more embedding trees, triangles, or embedding leafs.

Example

<triangle>
 <label>NP</label>
 <eLeaf>
  <label>the periscope</label>
 </eLeaf>
</triangle>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="label" minOccurs="0"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="eTree"/>
   <elementRef key="triangle"/>
   <elementRef key="eLeaf"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element triangle
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute value { teidata.pointer }?,
   ( label?, ( eTree | triangle | eLeaf )* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <triangle> (underspecified embedding tree, so called because of its characteristic shape when drawn)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <triangle> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <triangle> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex2">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <triangle>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>the periscope</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </triangle>
</eTree>

<triangle>

<triangle>
 <label>NP</label>
 <eLeaf>
  <label>the periscope</label>
 </eLeaf>
</triangle>

<triangle>

<triangle value="#NP">
 <label>NP</label>
 <eLeaf>
  <label>le périscope</label>
 </eLeaf>
</triangle>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<eLeaf>

<eLeaf> (leaf or terminal node of an embedding tree) provides explicitly for a leaf of an embedding tree, which may also be encoded with the eTree element. [20.3. Another Tree Notation]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

value value⚓︎
indicates the value of an embedding leaf, which is a feature structure or other analytic element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Contained by

nets: eTree triangle

May contain

core: label ptr ref

tagdocs: listRef

Note

The eTree tag may be used if the encoder does not wish to distinguish by name between nonleaf and leaf nodes in embedding trees; they are distinguished by their arrangement.

Example

<eLeaf value="http://an.fsurl.tei/#FSWITH">
 <label>with</label>
</eLeaf>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="label" minOccurs="0"/>
  <classRef key="model.ptrLike"
   minOccurs="0"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element eLeaf
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute value { teidata.pointer }?,
   ( label?, model.ptrLike? )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <eLeaf> (leaf or terminal node of an embedding tree)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <eLeaf> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <eLeaf> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>periscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex2">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <triangle>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>the periscope</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </triangle>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex3">
 <label>VP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>V</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>see</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>vessel</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="GD-PPA" exclude="#GD-PPB">
   <label>PP</label>
   <eTree>
    <label>P</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>with</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>NP</label>
    <eTree>
     <label>Art</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>the</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
    <eTree>
     <label>N</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>periscope</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="GD-PPB" copyOf="#GD-PPA"
  exclude="#GD-PPA">
  <label>PP</label>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<eTree n="ex4">
 <label>VP</label>
 <eTree xml:id="VBARA" exclude="#VBARB">
  <label>V'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="VA">
   <label>V</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>see</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>NP</label>
   <eTree xml:id="SPEC1A">
    <label>Spec</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>the</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>N'</label>
    <eTree xml:id="NBAR2A">
     <label>N'</label>
     <eTree>
      <label>N</label>
      <eLeaf>
       <label>vessel</label>
      </eLeaf>
     </eTree>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="PPA1">
     <label>PP</label>
     <eTree>
      <label>P</label>
      <eLeaf>
       <label>with</label>
      </eLeaf>
     </eTree>
     <eTree>
      <label>NP</label>
      <eTree>
       <label>Spec</label>
       <eLeaf>
        <label>the</label>
       </eLeaf>
      </eTree>
      <eTree>
       <label>N'</label>
       <eTree>
        <label>N</label>
        <eLeaf>
         <label>periscope</label>
        </eLeaf>
       </eTree>
      </eTree>
     </eTree>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="VBARB" exclude="#VBARA">
  <label>V'</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>V'</label>
   <eTree xml:id="VB" copyOf="#VA">
    <label>V</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree>
    <label>NP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="SPEC1B" copyOf="#SPEC1A">
     <label>Spec</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="NBAR2B" copyOf="#NBAR2A">
     <label>N'</label>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="PPB" copyOf="#PPA1">
   <label>PP</label>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<forest n="ex5" type="derivation-syntactic">
 <eTree n="Stage 1" xml:id="S1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="S1COMP">
   <label>COMP</label>
   <eLeaf xml:id="S1E">
    <label>e</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="S1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="S1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>you</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="S1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="S1V">
     <label>V</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>do</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="S1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf xml:id="S1WH">
      <label>what</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree n="Stage 2" xml:id="S2SBAR"
  corresp="#S1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="S2COMP" corresp="#S1COMP">
   <label>COMP</label>
   <eTree copyOf="#S1NP2" corresp="#S1E">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="S2S" corresp="#S1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="S2NP1" copyOf="#S1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="S2VP" corresp="#S1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="S2V" copyOf="#S1V">
     <label>V</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="S2NP2" corresp="#S1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf corresp="#S1WH">
      <label>t</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</forest>

<eTree>

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>with</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>the</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>periscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

<eTree>

<eTree n="ex1">
 <label>PP</label>
 <eTree>
  <label>P</label>
  <eLeaf>
   <label>avec</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
 <eTree>
  <label>NP</label>
  <eTree>
   <label>Art</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>le</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree>
   <label>N</label>
   <eLeaf>
    <label>périscope</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

<triangle>

<triangle>
 <label>NP</label>
 <eLeaf>
  <label>the periscope</label>
 </eLeaf>
</triangle>

<triangle>

<triangle value="#NP">
 <label>NP</label>
 <eLeaf>
  <label>le périscope</label>
 </eLeaf>
</triangle>

<eLeaf>

<eLeaf value="http://an.fsurl.tei/#FSWITH">
 <label>with</label>
</eLeaf>

<eLeaf>

<eLeaf value="http://an.fsurl.tei/#FSWITH">
 <label>avec</label>
</eLeaf>

<forest>

<forest n="ex5" type="derivation-syntactic">
 <eTree n="Stage 1" xml:id="s1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="s1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="s1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>you</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="s1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="s1V">
     <label>V</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>do</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree n="Stage 2" xml:id="s2SBAR"
  corresp="#s1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="s2S" corresp="#s1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="s2NP1" copyOf="#s1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="s2VP" corresp="#s1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="s2V" copyOf="#s1V">
     <label>V</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="s2NP2" corresp="#s1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf corresp="#s1WH">
      <label>t</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</forest>

20.4. Representing Textual Transmission

<eTree type="hypothetical">
 <label>δ</label>
 <eLeaf type="extant">
  <label>L</label>
 </eLeaf>
 <eLeaf type="lost">
  <label>t</label>
 </eLeaf>
</eTree>

20.4. Representing Textual Transmission

<eTree type="hypothetical">
 <label>α</label>
 <eTree type="hypothetical">
  <label>β</label>
  <eTree type="hypothetical">
   <label>δ</label>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>L</label>
   </eLeaf>
   <eLeaf type="lost">
    <label>t</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree type="hypothetical">
   <label>ε</label>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>R</label>
   </eLeaf>
   <eLeaf type="extant">
    <label>A</label>
    <ptr type="contamination"
     target="#gamma"/>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree xml:id="gamma" type="hypothetical">
  <label>γ</label>
  <eLeaf type="extant">
   <label>I</label>
  </eLeaf>
  <eLeaf type="extant">
   <label>X</label>
  </eLeaf>
 </eTree>
</eTree>

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C Elements

<forest>

<forest> (forest) provides for groups of rooted trees. [20.3. Another Tree Notation]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.divPart model.standOffPart

Contained by

core: item note q quote said stage textLang

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

linking: standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

nets: listForest

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

transcr: metamark

May contain

nets: eTree tree triangle

Note

One or more trees, embedding trees, or underspecified embedding trees (triangles).

Example

<forest n="ex5" type="derivation-syntactic">
 <eTree n="Stage 1" xml:id="s1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="s1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="s1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>you</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="s1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="s1V">
     <label>V</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>do</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree n="Stage 2" xml:id="s2SBAR"
  corresp="#s1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="s2S" corresp="#s1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="s2NP1" copyOf="#s1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="s2VP" corresp="#s1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="s2V" copyOf="#s1V">
     <label>V</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="s2NP2" corresp="#s1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf corresp="#s1WH">
      <label>t</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</forest>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="tree"/>
  <elementRef key="eTree"/>
  <elementRef key="triangle"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element forest
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( tree | eTree | triangle )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <forest> (forest)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <forest> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <forest> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20.3. Another Tree Notation

<forest n="ex5" type="derivation-syntactic">
 <eTree n="Stage 1" xml:id="S1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="S1COMP">
   <label>COMP</label>
   <eLeaf xml:id="S1E">
    <label>e</label>
   </eLeaf>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="S1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="S1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>you</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="S1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="S1V">
     <label>V</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>do</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="S1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf xml:id="S1WH">
      <label>what</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree n="Stage 2" xml:id="S2SBAR"
  corresp="#S1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="S2COMP" corresp="#S1COMP">
   <label>COMP</label>
   <eTree copyOf="#S1NP2" corresp="#S1E">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
  <eTree xml:id="S2S" corresp="#S1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="S2NP1" copyOf="#S1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="S2VP" corresp="#S1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="S2V" copyOf="#S1V">
     <label>V</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="S2NP2" corresp="#S1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf corresp="#S1WH">
      <label>t</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</forest>

<forest>

<forest n="ex5" type="derivation-syntactic">
 <eTree n="Stage 1" xml:id="s1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="s1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="s1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
    <eLeaf>
     <label>you</label>
    </eLeaf>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="s1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="s1V">
     <label>V</label>
     <eLeaf>
      <label>do</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
 <eTree n="Stage 2" xml:id="s2SBAR"
  corresp="#s1SBAR">
  <label>S'</label>
  <eTree xml:id="s2S" corresp="#s1S">
   <label>S</label>
   <eTree xml:id="s2NP1" copyOf="#s1NP1">
    <label>NP</label>
   </eTree>
   <eTree xml:id="s2VP" corresp="#s1VP">
    <label>VP</label>
    <eTree xml:id="s2V" copyOf="#s1V">
     <label>V</label>
    </eTree>
    <eTree xml:id="s2NP2" corresp="#s1NP2">
     <label>NP</label>
     <eLeaf corresp="#s1WH">
      <label>t</label>
     </eLeaf>
    </eTree>
   </eTree>
  </eTree>
 </eTree>
</forest>

<listForest>

<listForest>
 <forest type="derivation-syntactic">
  <tree ord="true">
   <root children="#fgex1 #fgex2"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </tree>
<!-- ... -->
 </forest>
 <forest type="derivation-prosodic">
  <tree ord="true">
   <root children="#fgex3 #fgex4"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </tree>
<!-- ... -->
 </forest>
</listForest>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<listForest>

<listForest> provides for lists of forests. [20.3. Another Tree Notation]

Module
nets — Graphs, Networks, and Trees

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
identifies the type of the forest group.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Member of

model.divPart model.standOffPart

Contained by

core: item note q quote said stage textLang

drama: castList epilogue performance prologue set view

figures: cell figure

header: change handNote licence scriptNote

linking: standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

tagdocs: specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph postscript

transcr: metamark

May contain

core: desc

nets: forest

Note

One or more forests representing the same object.

Example

<listForest>
 <forest type="derivation-syntactic">
  <tree ord="true">
   <root children="#fgex1 #fgex2"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </tree>
<!-- ... -->
 </forest>
 <forest type="derivation-prosodic">
  <tree ord="true">
   <root children="#fgex3 #fgex4"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </tree>
<!-- ... -->
 </forest>
</listForest>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="forest" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listForest
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( desc*, forest+ )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <listForest>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listForest> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listForest> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

20. Graphs, Networks, and Trees

<listForest>

<listForest>
 <forest type="derivation-syntactic">
  <tree ord="true">
   <root children="#fgex1 #fgex2"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </tree>
<!-- ... -->
 </forest>
 <forest type="derivation-prosodic">
  <tree ord="true">
   <root children="#fgex3 #fgex4"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </tree>
<!-- ... -->
 </forest>
</listForest>

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C Elements

<precision>

<precision> indicates the numerical accuracy or precision associated with some aspect of the text markup. [22.2. Indications of Precision]

Module
certainty — Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.scoping

@target

@match

precision precision⚓︎
characterizes the precision of the element or attribute pointed to by the precision element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.certainty

stdDeviation stdDeviation⚓︎
supplies a standard deviation associated with the value in question.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

Member of

model.certLike model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl interp m phr s span w

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gap gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab join seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc climate country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnowledge langKnown location nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName population region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus state surname terrain trait

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc space substJoin supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: desc

Example

<date xml:id="date001" notBefore="0014"
 notAfter="0064">Within about 50
years of the death of Augustus</date>
<precision target="#date001"
 match="@notBefore" precision="high"/>
<precision target="#date001"
 match="@notAfter" precision="low"/>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<date notBefore="1632" notAfter="1642">Not more than ten years before the start of the Civil War
<precision match="@notBefore"
  precision="low"/>
 <precision match="@notAfter"
  precision="high"/>
</date>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.certLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element precision
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.datable.attributes,
   att.datable.custom.attributes,
   att.datable.iso.attributes,
   att.datable.w3c.attributes,
   att.ranging.attributes,
   att.scoping.attributes,
   attribute precision { teidata.certainty }?,
   attribute stdDeviation { teidata.numeric }?,
   ( model.descLike | model.certLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <precision>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <precision> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <precision> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<precision>

<date xml:id="date001" notBefore="0014"
 notAfter="0064">Within about 50
years of the death of Augustus</date>
<precision target="#date001"
 match="@notBefore" precision="high"/>
<precision target="#date001"
 match="@notAfter" precision="low"/>

<precision>

<date notBefore="1632" notAfter="1642">Not more than ten years before the start of the Civil War
<precision match="@notBefore"
  precision="low"/>
 <precision match="@notAfter"
  precision="high"/>
</date>

22.2. Indications of Precision

<date xml:id="d001" notBefore="0014"
 notAfter="0064">About 50
years after the death of Augustus</date>
<precision target="#d001" match="@notAfter"
 precision="low"/>
<precision target="#d001"
 match="@notBefore" precision="high"/>

22.2. Indications of Precision

<residence from="1857-03-01"
 notAfter="1857-04-30">From the 1st of March to
some time in April of 1857.
<precision match="@notAfter"
  precision="medium"/>
</residence>

22.2. Indications of Precision

<width xml:id="w00t" atLeast="10"
 atMost="30" unit="cm" scope="all"/>
<precision target="#w00t" match="@atMost"
 precision="low"/>

22.2. Indications of Precision

<dim xml:id="dim1" type="avgLineLength"
 unit="chars" quantity="62.4"/>
<precision target="#dim1" stdDeviation="4"/>

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<certainty>

<certainty> indicates the degree of certainty associated with some aspect of the text markup. [22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty]

Module
certainty — Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.scoping

@target

@match

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology; sample categorization of annotations of uncertainty might use following values:

Status
Optional

Sample values include:

ignorance

incompleteness

credibility

imprecision

cert cert⚓︎
(certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the object pointed to by the certainty element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.certainty

locus locus⚓︎
indicates more exactly the aspect concerning which certainty is being expressed: specifically, whether the markup is correctly located, whether the correct element or attribute name has been used, or whether the content of the element or attribute is correct, etc.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

name

uncertainty concerns whether the name of the element or attribute used is correctly applied.

start

uncertainty concerns whether the start of the element is correctly identified.

end

uncertainty concerns whether the end of the element is correctly identified.

location

uncertainty concerns both the start and the end of the element.

value

uncertainty concerns the content (for an element) or the value (for an attribute)

assertedValue assertedValue⚓︎
provides an alternative value for the aspect of the markup in question—an alternative generic identifier, transcription, or attribute value, or the identifier of an anchor element (to indicate an alternative starting or ending location). If an assertedValue is given, the confidence level specified by degree applies to the alternative markup specified by assertedValue; if none is given, it applies to the markup in the text.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.word

<certainty target="#ESX" locus="name"
 assertedValue="placeName" cert="low">
 <desc>It is unlikely, but possible, that this refers to the place
   rather than the person.</desc>
</certainty>

Show all ⚓︎

Note

This attribute makes it possible to indicate the degree of confidence in a specific alternative to some aspect of the markup. In the first example above the encoder is expressing the likelihood (.2) that the generic identifier should be placeName rather than persName, which is the coded element.

given given⚓︎
indicates one or more element(s) characterizing the conditions which are assumed in the assignment of a degree of confidence.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

The envisioned typical value of this attribute would be the identifier of another certainty element or a list of such identifiers. It may thus be possible to construct probability networks by chaining certainty elements together. Such networks would ultimately be grounded in unconditional certainty elements (with no value for given). The semantics of this chaining would be understood in this way: if a certainty element is specified, via a reference, as the assumption, then it is not the attribution of uncertainty that is the assumption, but rather the assertion itself. For instance, in the example above, the first certainty element indicates that the confidence in the identification of the new scribe as msm. The second indicates the degree of confidence that Essex is a personal name, given that the new scribe is msm. Note that the given in the second certainty element is not the assertion that the likelihood that msm is the new scribe is 0.6, but simply the assertion that msm is the new scribe; this is a recommended convention to facilitate building networks.

The ambitious encoder may wish to attempt complex networks or probability assertions, experimenting with references to other elements or prose assertions, and deploying feature structure connectives such as alt, join, and note. However, we do not believe that the certainty element gives, at this time, a comprehensive ambiguity-free system for indicating certainty.

degree degree⚓︎
indicates the degree of confidence assigned to the aspect of the markup named by the locus attribute.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.probability

Member of

model.certLike model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl interp m phr s span w

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gap gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab join seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc space substJoin supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: desc

Example

(For discussion of this example, see section 22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions)

Ernest went to <anchor xml:id="A1"/> old
<persName xml:id="SYB">Saybrook</persName>.

<certainty xml:id="c1" target="#SYB"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 given="#c1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="C-c2" target="#SYB"
 locus="name" assertedValue="persName" degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 given="#C-c2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 assertedValue="#a1" given="#c1" degree="0.5"/>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.certLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element certainty
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.scoping.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { text }?,
   attribute cert { teidata.certainty }?,
   attribute locus { "name" | "start" | "end" | "location" | "value" },
   attribute assertedValue { teidata.word }?,
   attribute given { list { teidata.pointer+ } }?,
   attribute degree { teidata.probability }?,
   ( model.descLike | model.certLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <certainty>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <certainty> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <certainty> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

12. Representation of Primary Sources

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

1. The TEI Infrastructure

att.scoping

Elizabeth went to <persName xml:id="ESSEX">Essex</persName>
<certainty target="#ESSEX" locus="name"
 degree="0.6"/>

att.scoping

<gap reason="cancelled">
 <certainty match="@reason" locus="value"
  cert="low"/>
</gap>

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<choice>
 <corr xml:id="c117">wright</corr>
 <sic>wight</sic>
</choice>
<certainty target="#c117" locus="value"
 degree="0.7"/>
<respons target="#c117" locus="value"
 resp="#ETD"/>

12.4.2. Lines

I have once — by declaring I would prosecute
by law — hindered a man's proceedings who <hi xml:id="cstart1" rend="underline">had
obtained all the letters to Mr Boyd</hi>
<!-- ... -->
<certainty target="#cstart1" locus="start"
 degree="0.70">
 <desc>may begin with previous word</desc>
</certainty>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

Elizabeth went to
<placeName xml:id="CE-pl1">Essex</placeName>.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document ... -->
<certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name">
 <desc>possibly not a placename</desc>
</certainty>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<!-- ... --><certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name"
 degree="0.6"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<!-- ... --><certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name"
 degree="0.6">
 <desc>probably a placename, but possibly not</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name"
 degree="0.4" assertedValue="persName">
 <desc>may refer to the Earl of Essex</desc>
</certainty>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

Elizabeth went to
<placeName>Essex
<certainty locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
</placeName>.

22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions

Elizabeth went to <placeName xml:id="CE-PL1">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-PL2">Essex</placeName>.

<!-- ... -->
<!-- 60% chance that P1 is a placename, 40% chance a personal name. -->
<certainty xml:id="cert-1" target="#CE-PL1"
 locus="name" degree="0.6">
 <desc>probably a placename, but possibly not"</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty xml:id="cert-2" target="#CE-PL1"
 locus="name" assertedValue="persName" degree="0.4">
 <desc>may refer to the Earl of Essex"</desc>
</certainty>
<!-- 60% chance that P2 is a placename, 40% chance a personal name. 100% chance that it agrees with P1. -->
<certainty target="#CE-PL2" locus="name"
 given="#cert-1" degree="1.0">
 <desc>if CE-PL1 is a placename, CE-PL2 certainly is"</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty target="#CE-PL2" locus="name"
 assertedValue="persName" degree="1.0" given="#cert-2">
 <desc>if CE-PL1 is a personal name, then so is CE-PL2</desc>
</certainty>

22.1.2.1. Contingent Conditions

Ernest went to <anchor xml:id="CE-a1"/> old <persName xml:id="CE-p2">Saybrook</persName>.

<certainty xml:id="cert1" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#CE-p2" locus="start"
 given="#cert1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert2" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="name" assertedValue="placeName" degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#CE-p2" locus="start"
 given="#cert2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert3" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#CE-a1" given="#cert1"
 degree="0.1"/>
<certainty xml:id="cert4" target="#CE-p2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#CE-a1" given="#cert2"
 degree="0.5"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<certainty locus="name" degree="0.3"
 match="//persName"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<div>
 <p>[...]</p>
</div>
<div>
 <certainty locus="name" degree="0.3"
  match=".//persName"/>
</div>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<certainty locus="name" degree="0.7"
 match="//div[@type='checked']//persName"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<div>
<!-- ... -->
 <certainty match=".//my:*" locus="value"
  degree="0.9"/>
</div>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

I have a <emph xml:id="CE-p3">bun</emph>.

<certainty target="#CE-p3" locus="value"
 degree="0.5"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

You will want to use
<choice>
 <expan xml:id="CE-e1">Standard
   Generalized Markup Language</expan>
 <expan xml:id="CE-e40">Some Grandiose Methodology for Losers</expan>
 <abbr>SGML</abbr>
</choice> ...

<!-- ... -->
<certainty target="#CE-e1" locus="value"
 degree="0.9"/>
<certainty target="#CE-e40" locus="value"
 degree="0.5"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

I have a <emph xml:id="CE-P3">bun</emph>.

<certainty target="#CE-P3" locus="value"
 assertedValue="gun" degree="0.8">
 <desc>a gun makes more sense in a holdup</desc>
</certainty>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<u xml:id="CE-u1" who="#A">Have you heard the election results?</u>
<certainty target="#CE-u1" match="@who"
 locus="value" degree="0.5"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<u who="#A">Have you heard the election results?<certainty match="@who" locus="value"
  degree="0.5"/>
</u>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<certainty match="//p" locus="location"
 degree="0.2"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<certainty target="#a101" match="p"
 locus="location" degree="0.2"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<persName resp="#LB">Essex
<certainty match="@resp" locus="value"
  degree="0.2"/>
</persName>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<certainty match="//*/@resp" locus="value"
 degree="0.2"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<certainty target="#dd001" match="@resp"
 locus="value" degree="0.2"/>

22.1.2. Structured Indications of Uncertainty

<certainty match="//*[@resp='#LB']"
 locus="value" degree="0.2"/>

<certainty>

<certainty target="#ESX" locus="name"
 assertedValue="placeName" cert="low">
 <desc>It is unlikely, but possible, that this refers to the place
   rather than the person.</desc>
</certainty>

<certainty>

<certainty target="#fr_ESX" locus="name"
 assertedValue="place" degree="0.2"/>

<certainty>

Ernest went to <anchor xml:id="A1"/> old
<persName xml:id="SYB">Saybrook</persName>.

<certainty xml:id="c1" target="#SYB"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 given="#c1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="C-c2" target="#SYB"
 locus="name" assertedValue="persName" degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 given="#C-c2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty target="#SYB" locus="start"
 assertedValue="#a1" given="#c1" degree="0.5"/>

<certainty>

Ernest est allé au <anchor xml:id="fr_A1"/> vieux
<persName xml:id="fr_SYB">Saybrook</persName>.
<certainty xml:id="fr_c1" target="#fr_SYB"
 locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#fr_SYB" locus="start"
 given="#c1" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="fr_C-c2"
 target="#fr_SYB" locus="name" assertedValue="persName"
 degree="0.4"/>
<certainty target="#fr_SYB" locus="start"
 given="#C-c2" degree="0.5"/>
<certainty target="#fr_SYB" locus="start"
 assertedValue="#a1" given="#c1" degree="0.5"/>

<certainty>

張先生去看<persName xml:id="zh-tw_JZZ">江子翠</persName>那邊有什麼活動。

<certainty target="#zh-tw_JZZ" locus="name"
 degree="0.6"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_JZZ" locus="name"
 assertedValue="placeName" degree="0.4"/>

<certainty>

王先生找到<anchor xml:id="zh-tw_A1"/>小<persName xml:id="zh-tw_lin">林</persName>，感動極了。

<certainty xml:id="zh-tw_c1"
 target="#zh-tw_lin" locus="name" degree="0.8"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_lin" given="#c1"
 locus="start" degree="0.9"/>
<certainty xml:id="zh-tw_c2"
 target="#zh-tw_lin" locus="name" assertedValue="placeName"
 degree="0.2"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_lin" given="#c2"
 locus="start" degree="0.1"/>
<certainty target="#zh-tw_lin" given="#c2"
 locus="start" assertedValue="#a1" degree="0.9"/>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<respons>

<respons> (responsibility) identifies the individual(s) responsible for some aspect of the content or markup of particular element(s). [22.3. Attribution of Responsibility]

Module
certainty — Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.scoping

@target

@match

locus locus⚓︎
indicates the specific aspect of the encoding (markup or content) for which responsibility is being assigned.

Status
Required

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Legal values are:

name

responsibility is being assigned concerning the name of the element or attribute used.

start

responsibility is being assigned concerning the start of the element concerned.

end

responsibility is being assigned concerning the end of the element concerned.

location

responsibility is being assigned concerning the location of the element concerned.

value

responsibility is being assigned concerning the content (for an element) or the value (for an attribute)

Member of

model.certLike model.global.meta

Contained by

analysis: cl interp m phr s span w

certainty: certainty precision respons

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine address author bibl biblScope cit citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gap gloss head headItem headLabel hi imprint item l label lg list measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said series sic soCalled sp speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castGroup castItem castList epilogue performance prologue role roleDesc set sound spGrp tech view

figures: cell figure table

header: authority change classCode distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal scriptNote sponsor

linking: ab join seg standOff

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material msItem musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns person personGrp persona placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: graph

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: argument back body byline closer dateline div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph floatingText front group imprimatur opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw line metamark mod restore retrace secl sourceDoc space substJoin supplied surface surfaceGrp surplus zone

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: desc

Note

The respons element is designed for cases in which fine-grained information about specific aspects of the markup of a text is desirable for whatever reason. Global responsibility for certain aspects of markup is usually more simply indicated in the TEI header, using the respStmt element within the title statement, edition statement, or change log.

Example

<respons target="#p1" locus="name location"
 resp="#encoder1"/>
<respons target="#p2" match="@rend"
 locus="value" resp="#encoder2"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="encoder1"/>
 <item xml:id="encoder2"/>
</list>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

In this (partially fictional) example the entire document was transcribed and encoded by a single encoder, except for one passage which was transcribed and encoded by the proofreader.

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc01">
 <name>C. Colin Backslash</name>
 <resp>transcription</resp>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="prf01">
 <name>Erin Spelling</name>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<p>Θερινὴ τροπή
<lb/>
 <foreign xml:lang="hbo" xml:id="mp0a8"> ת
 <supplied reason="undefined">קו</supplied>
  <unclear>פ</unclear>
   ת תמוז
 </foreign>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere: -->
<respons target="#mp0a8" locus="name value"
 resp="#prf01"/>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

In this (partially fictional) example an initial encoder (‘across.dta’) encoded most of the document; a later encoder (‘rcapolung.ewo’) encoded a particular passage; and a third encoder (‘sbauman.emt’) fixed some of that encoding.

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.certLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element respons
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.scoping.attributes,
   attribute locus
   {
      list { ( "name" | "start" | "end" | "location" | "value" )+ }
   },
   ( model.descLike | model.certLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <respons> (responsibility)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <respons> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <respons> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

12. Representation of Primary Sources

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

12. Representation of Primary Sources

12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes

<choice>
 <corr xml:id="c117">wright</corr>
 <sic>wight</sic>
</choice>
<certainty target="#c117" locus="value"
 degree="0.7"/>
<respons target="#c117" locus="value"
 resp="#ETD"/>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

22.3. Attribution of Responsibility

Ernest went to old
<persName xml:id="CE-p5" rend="it">Saybrook</persName>.

<!-- ... -->
<respons target="#CE-p5" locus="value"
 resp="#RC"/>
<respons target="#CE-p5"
 locus="name location" resp="#PMWR"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="PMWR"/>
 <item xml:id="RC"/>
</list>

22.3. Attribution of Responsibility

<respons target="#CE-p5" match="@rend"
 locus="value" resp="#RC"/>

<respons>

<respons target="#p1" locus="name location"
 resp="#encoder1"/>
<respons target="#p2" match="@rend"
 locus="value" resp="#encoder2"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="encoder1"/>
 <item xml:id="encoder2"/>
</list>

<respons>

<respons target="#fr_p1"
 locus="name location" resp="#fr_encoder1"/>
<respons target="#fr_p2" locus="value"
 resp="#fr_encoder2"/>
<list type="encoders">
 <item xml:id="fr_encoder1"/>
 <item xml:id="fr_encoder2"/>
</list>

<respons>

<respons target="#zh-tw_p1"
 locus="name location" resp="#zh-tw_encoder1"/>
<respons target="#zh-tw_p2" match="@rend"
 locus="value" resp="#zh-tw_encoder2"/>
<list type="編碼員">
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_編碼員1"/>
 <item xml:id="zh-tw_編碼員2"/>
</list>

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc01">
 <name>C. Colin Backslash</name>
 <resp>transcription</resp>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<respStmt xml:id="prf01">
 <name>Erin Spelling</name>
 <resp>proofreading</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<p>Θερινὴ τροπή
<lb/>
 <foreign xml:lang="hbo" xml:id="mp0a8"> ת
 <supplied reason="undefined">קו</supplied>
  <unclear>פ</unclear>
   ת תמוז
 </foreign>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere: -->
<respons target="#mp0a8" locus="name value"
 resp="#prf01"/>

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<att>

<att> (attribute) contains the name of an attribute appearing within running text. [23. Documentation Elements]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

scheme scheme⚓︎
(scheme) supplies an identifier for the scheme in which this name is defined.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

TEI

(Text Encoding Initiative) this attribute is part of the TEI scheme. [Default]

DBK

(Docbook) this attribute is part of the Docbook scheme.

XX

(unknown) this attribute is part of an unknown scheme.

imaginary

(imaginary) the attribute is from a non-existent scheme, for illustrative purposes only

XHTML

(XHTML) the attribute is part of the XHTML language

XML

(XML) the attribute is part of the XML language

XI

(XI) the attribute is defined in the xInclude schema

Member of

model.phrase.xml

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

XSD Name

Note

As an alternative to using the scheme attribute a namespace prefix may be used. Where both scheme and a prefix are used, the prefix takes precedence.

Example

<p>The TEI defines several <soCalled>global</soCalled> attributes; their names include
<att>xml:id</att>, <att>rend</att>, <att>xml:lang</att>, <att>n</att>, <att>xml:space</att>,
and <att>xml:base</att>; <att scheme="XX">type</att> is not amongst them.</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef key="teidata.name"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element att
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute scheme { teidata.enumerated }?,
   teidata.name
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <att> (attribute)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <att> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <att> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

23. Documentation Elements

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>No quotation marks have been retained. Instead, the <att>rend</att> attribute on the
 <gi>q</gi> element is used to specify what kinds of quotation mark was used, according
   to the following list: <list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>double quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>single quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>long dash open, no close</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>double guillemets, open and close</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>Aucun guillemet n'a été conservé. Au lieu de cela, on a utilisé l'attribut
 <att>rend</att> pour l'élément <gi>q</gi> afin de spécifier quel type de guillemet a été
   utilisé, selon la liste suivante : <list type="gloss">
   <label>ga</label>
   <item>guillemet allemand</item>
   <label>gd</label>
   <item>guillemet anglais ou guillemet dactylographique </item>
   <label>gf</label>
   <item>guillemet français</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>不保留引號，改用元素<gi>q</gi>內的屬性<att>rend</att> 來區分引號的種類，種類如下：<list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>雙引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>單引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>破折號，僅前面一個</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>雙箭號，前後各一</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

2.3.6.1. Prose Method

<refsDecl>
 <p>The <att>n</att> attribute of each text in this corpus carries a
   unique identifying code for the whole text. The title of the text is
   held as the content of the first <gi>head</gi> element within each
   text. The <att>n</att> attribute on each <gi>div1</gi> and
 <gi>div2</gi> contains the canonical reference for each such
   division, in the form 'XX.yyy', where XX is the book number in Roman
   numerals, and yyy the section number in arabic. Line beginnings are
   marked by empty <gi>lb</gi> elements, each of which includes the
   through line number in Casaubon's edition as the value of its
 <gi>n</gi> attribute.</p>
 <p>The through line number and the text identifier uniquely identify
   any line. A canonical reference may be made up by concatenating the
 <gi>n</gi> values from the <gi>text</gi>, <gi>div1</gi>, or
 <gi>div2</gi> and calculating the line number within each part.</p>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl xml:id="fr_ASLREF">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
  replacementPattern="#fr_xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
  <p>Une référence a été créée en assemblant les éléments suivants dans l'ordre inverse de
     la liste qui suit : <list>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> du précédent <gi>lb</gi>
    </item>
    <item>une période</item>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> de l'ancêtre <gi>div2</gi>
    </item>
    <item>un espace</item>
    <item>la valeur<att>n</att> du parent <gi>div1</gi>
    </item>
   </list>
  </p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <p>參照是將位於最高層級的<gi>div</gi>元素的屬性<att>n</att>值串聯起來，
   其後跟著空格和續接的下一層級<gi>div</gi>，接著冒點，
   然後是續接的下一(最低) 層級的<gi>div</gi>所組成。</p>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <p>References are made up by concatenating the value for the
 <att>n</att> attribute on the highest level <gi>div</gi>
   element, followed by a space, followed by the sequential
   number of the next level <gi>div</gi> followed by a colon
   followed by the sequential number of the next (and lowest)
   level <gi>div</gi>.</p>
</refsDecl>

2.6. The Revision Description

<!-- ... --><revisionDesc>
 <change n="RCS:1.39" when="2007-08-08"
  who="#jwernimo.lrv">Changed <val>drama.verse</val>
  <gi>lg</gi>s to <gi>p</gi>s. <note>we have opened a discussion about the need for a new
     value for <att>type</att> of <gi>lg</gi>, <val>drama.free.verse</val>, in order to address
     the verse of Behn which is not in regular iambic pentameter. For the time being these
     instances are marked with a comment note until we are able to fully consider the best way
     to encode these instances.</note>
 </change>
 <change n="RCS:1.33" when="2007-06-28"
  who="#pcaton.xzc">Added <att>key</att> and <att>reg</att>
   to <gi>name</gi>s.</change>
 <change n="RCS:1.31" when="2006-12-04"
  who="#wgui.ner">Completed renovation. Validated.</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms

<p>The <gi>gi</gi> element is used to tag element
names when they appear in the text; the <gi>tag</gi> element however is used to show how a tag as
such might appear. So one might talk of an occurrence of the <gi>blort</gi> element which had been
tagged <tag>blort type='runcible'</tag>. The <att>type</att> attribute may take any name token as
value; the default value is <val>spqr</val>, in memory of its creator.</p>

<att>

<p>The TEI defines several <soCalled>global</soCalled> attributes; their names include
<att>xml:id</att>, <att>rend</att>, <att>xml:lang</att>, <att>n</att>, <att>xml:space</att>,
and <att>xml:base</att>; <att scheme="XX">type</att> is not amongst them.</p>

<att>

<p>La TEI définit six attributs<soCalled>globaux</soCalled> qui se nomment
<att>xml:id</att>, <att>rend</att>, <att>xml:lang</att>, <att>n</att>,
<att>xml:space</att>, et <att>xml:base</att>; <att scheme="XX">type</att>n'en fait pas
partie .</p>

<att>

<p>TEI定義六個<soCalled>global</soCalled>屬性，包括：
<att>xml:id</att>, <att>rend</att>, <att>xml:lang</att>, <att>n</att>, <att>xml:space</att>,
和<att>xml:base</att>; <att scheme="XX">type</att> 不在其中。</p>

<egXML>

<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>
</egXML>

<div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="core" ident="foreign">
<!--... -->
 <remarks>
  <p>This element is intended for use only where no other element is available to mark the phrase
     or words concerned. The global <att>xml:lang</att> attribute should be used in preference to
     this element where it is intended to mark the language of the whole of some text element.</p>
  <p>The <gi>distinct</gi> element may be used to identify phrases belonging to sublanguages or
     registers not generally regarded as true languages.</p>
 </remarks>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

<exemplum>

<exemplum xml:lang="en">
 <p>The <gi>name</gi> element can be used for both personal names and place names:</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr.           Bennet</name>,</q> said his lady to him one day,           <q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield           Park</name> is let at last?</q>]]></eg>
 <p>As shown above, the <att>type</att> attribute may be used to distinguish the one from the
   other.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>L'élément<gi>name</gi> est employé à la fois pour les noms propres de personne et de
   lieu : </p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve">             <q>               <name type="person">Mrs. Parker</name>, connaît un épicier bulgare, nommé, <name                 type="person">Popochef Rosenfeld</name>qui vient d'arriver de <name type="place"                 >Constantinople</name>. C'est un grand spécialiste en yaourts.</q>           </eg>
 <p>Comme il est indiqué ci-dessus, l'attribut<att>type</att> peut être utilisé pour
   distinguer un élément de l'autre.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>
  <gi>名稱</gi>元素可以同時用於人名以及地名：</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>我親愛的 <name           type="person">班耐特</name>先生，</q> 有一天太太對他說，           <q>你聽到<name type="place">尼得斐莊園</name>           終於租出去了嗎？</q>]]></eg>
 <p>如上所示，<att>屬性值</att> 可用來分辨人名或地名。</p>
</exemplum>

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<attDef ident="columns">
 <gloss xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-06-12">columns</gloss>
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">specifies the number of columns per page</desc>
 <datatype minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="2">
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <remarks xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2017-07-09">
  <p>If a single number is given, all pages referenced
     have this number of columns. If two numbers are given,
     the number of columns per page varies between the
     values supplied. Where <att>columns</att> is omitted
     the number is assumed to be <val>1</val>.</p>
 </remarks>
</attDef>

<constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec ident="demo-c1"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>Enforce the presence of the <att>spanTo</att> attribute</desc>
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:addSpan">
   <sch:assert test="@spanTo">The spanTo= attribute of <sch:name/> is required.</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

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C Elements

<code>

<code> contains literal code from some formal language such as a programming language. [23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

lang lang⚓︎
(formal language) a name identifying the formal language in which the code is expressed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.word

Member of

model.emphLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Character data only

Example

<code lang="JAVA"> Size fCheckbox1Size = new Size();
fCheckbox1Size.Height = 500;
fCheckbox1Size.Width = 500;
xCheckbox1.setSize(fCheckbox1Size);
</code>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element code
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute lang { teidata.word }?,
   text
}

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Example: <code>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <code> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <code> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

9. Computer-mediated Communication

23. Documentation Elements

2. The TEI Header

<listPrefixDef>

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([A-Z]+)"
  replacementPattern="personography.xml#$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>psn</code>
     prefix are pointers to <gi>person</gi>
     elements in the personography.xml file.
     For example, <code>psn:MDH</code>
     dereferences to <code>personography.xml#MDH</code>.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="bibl"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+[a-z0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://www.example.com/getBibl.xql?id=$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>bibl</code> prefix can be
     expanded to form URIs which retrieve the relevant
     bibliographical reference from www.example.com.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

9. Computer-mediated Communication

9.4.3. Multimodal CMC

<text>
 <body>
  <u xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a191"
   who="#tingrabu"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts373" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts430">ok
     hm for me this presentation was hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> become too fast because it's
     always the same in our architecture school euh we have not time and hm <pause dur="PT1S"/> too quickly sorry [...]</u>
  <kinesic xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a192"
   who="#romeorez"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts376" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts377"
   type="body" subtype="kinesics">
   <desc>
    <code>eat(popcorn)</code>
   </desc>
  </kinesic>
<!-- more bodily activities of avatars -->
  <post modality="written"
   generatedBy="human" xml:id="cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-a195"
   who="#tfrez2"
   start="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts380" end="#cmr-archi21-slrefl-es-j3-1-ts381"
   type="chat-message">
   <p>it went too quickly?</p>
  </post>
 </body>
</text>

9.5.3. Documenting the Sampling of CMC data

<samplingDecl>
 <p>Sampled using the <name type="API">Twitter Filtered stream v2-API</name> (see <ptr type="APIdoc"
   target="https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/filtered-stream/api-reference/get-tweets-search-stream"/>) Filtered for the German language and the following countries: Germany, Austria,
   Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, and Luxembourg. Downloaded on <date when="2022-12-12">Mon 12 Dec 22</date> using the command
 <code>requests.get("https://api.twitter.com/2/tweets/search/stream",
     headers=headers, params=params, stream=True,)</code> in the python script <name type="script">collectFilteredTwitterStream.py</name>. </p>
</samplingDecl>

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms

<p>If the variable <ident>z</ident> has a value of zero, a statement such as <code>x=y/z</code> will
usually cause a fatal error.</p>

<code>

<code lang="JAVA"> Size fCheckbox1Size = new Size();
fCheckbox1Size.Height = 500;
fCheckbox1Size.Width = 500;
xCheckbox1.setSize(fCheckbox1Size);
</code>

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<eg>

<eg> (example) contains any kind of illustrative example. [23.5. Element Specifications 23.5.3. Attribute List Specification]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.egLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add cit corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: exemplum

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

analysis: c cl interp interpGrp m pc phr s span spanGrp w

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr add address binaryObject cb choice cit corr date del distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss graphic hi index lb measure measureGrp media mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs ruby said sic soCalled term time title unclear unit

dictionaries: lang oRef pRef

figures: figure formula notatedMusic

gaiji: g

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp seg timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef specDesc specList tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

textstructure: floatingText

transcr: addSpan am damage damageSpan delSpan ex fw handShift listTranspose metamark mod redo restore retrace secl space subst substJoin supplied surplus undo

verse: caesura rhyme

character data

Note

If the example contains material in XML markup, either it must be enclosed within a CDATA marked section, or character entity references must be used to represent the markup delimiters. If the example contains well-formed XML, it should be marked using the more specific egXML element.

Example

<p>The
<gi>term</gi> element is declared using the following syntax:
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element eg
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq
}

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Example: <eg> (example)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <eg> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <eg> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

<eg>

<p>The
<gi>term</gi> element is declared using the following syntax:
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<eg>

<p>L'élément <gi>term</gi> est déclaré en utilisant la syntaxe suivante :
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<eg>

<p>
 <gi>術語</gi>元素用於以下語法：
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<exemplum>

<exemplum xml:lang="en">
 <p>The <gi>name</gi> element can be used for both personal names and place names:</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr.           Bennet</name>,</q> said his lady to him one day,           <q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield           Park</name> is let at last?</q>]]></eg>
 <p>As shown above, the <att>type</att> attribute may be used to distinguish the one from the
   other.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>L'élément<gi>name</gi> est employé à la fois pour les noms propres de personne et de
   lieu : </p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve">             <q>               <name type="person">Mrs. Parker</name>, connaît un épicier bulgare, nommé, <name                 type="person">Popochef Rosenfeld</name>qui vient d'arriver de <name type="place"                 >Constantinople</name>. C'est un grand spécialiste en yaourts.</q>           </eg>
 <p>Comme il est indiqué ci-dessus, l'attribut<att>type</att> peut être utilisé pour
   distinguer un élément de l'autre.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>
  <gi>名稱</gi>元素可以同時用於人名以及地名：</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>我親愛的 <name           type="person">班耐特</name>先生，</q> 有一天太太對他說，           <q>你聽到<name type="place">尼得斐莊園</name>           終於租出去了嗎？</q>]]></eg>
 <p>如上所示，<att>屬性值</att> 可用來分辨人名或地名。</p>
</exemplum>

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<egXML> [http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples]

<egXML> (example of XML) a single XML fragment demonstrating the use of some XML, such as elements, attributes, or processing instructions, etc., in which the egXML element functions as the root element. [23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms]

Namespace
http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

valid valid⚓︎
indicates the intended validity of the example with respect to a schema.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

true

the example is intended to be fully valid, assuming that its root element, or a provided root element, could have been used as a possible root element in the schema concerned. [Default]

feasible

the example could be transformed into a valid document by inserting any number of valid attributes and child elements anywhere within it; or it is valid against a version of the schema concerned in which the provision of character data, list, element, or attribute values has been made optional.

false

the example is not intended to be valid, and contains deliberate errors.

Member of

model.egLike

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add cit corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: exemplum

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain
ANY

Note

In the source of the TEI Guidelines, this element declares itself and its content as belonging to the namespace http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples. This enables the content of the element to be validated independently against the TEI scheme. Where this element is used outside this context, a different namespace or none at all may be preferable. The content must however be a well-formed XML fragment or document: where this is not the case, the more general eg element should be used in preference.

Example

<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>
</egXML>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<egXML valid="feasible" source="#UND" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
<!-- first text -->
   </text>
   <text>
<!-- second text -->
   </text>
  </group>
</text>
<!-- This example is not valid TEI, but could be made so by adding missing components -->
</egXML>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

      <egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" valid="false">          <para xml:lang="en">Doubloons are a pirate's best friend</para>       </egXML>     

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <anyElement/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element egXML
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute valid { "true" | "feasible" | "false" }?,
   ( text | anyElement_egXML_2 )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <egXML> (example of XML)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <egXML> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <egXML> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

<egXML>

<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>
</egXML>

<egXML>

<egXML valid="feasible" source="#UND" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><text>
  <front>
<!-- front matter for the whole group -->
  </front>
  <group>
   <text>
<!-- first text -->
   </text>
   <text>
<!-- second text -->
   </text>
  </group>
</text>
<!-- This example is not valid TEI, but could be made so by adding missing components -->
</egXML>

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<gi>

<gi> (element name) contains the name (generic identifier) of an element. [23. Documentation Elements 23.5. Element Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

scheme scheme⚓︎
supplies the name of the scheme in which this name is defined.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

TEI

this element is part of the TEI scheme. [Default]

DBK

(docbook) this element is part of the Docbook scheme.

XX

(unknown) this element is part of an unknown scheme.

Schematron

this element is from Schematron.

HTML

this element is from the HTML scheme.

Member of

model.phrase.xml

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

XSD Name

Example

<p>The <gi>xhtml:li</gi> element is roughly analogous to the <gi>item</gi> element, as is the
<gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi> element.</p>

Show all ⚓︎

This example shows the use of both a namespace prefix and the scheme attribute as alternative ways of indicating that the gi in question is not a TEI element name: in practice only one method should be adopted.

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef key="teidata.name"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element gi
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute scheme { teidata.enumerated }?,
   teidata.name
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <gi> (element name)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <gi> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <gi> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

23. Documentation Elements

2. The TEI Header

<teiHeader>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Where both upper- and lower-case i, j, u, v, and vv have been normalized, to modern
     20th century typographical practice, the <gi>choice</gi> element has been used to
     enclose <gi>orig</gi> and <gi>reg</gi> elements giving the original and new values
     respectively. ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>Spacing between words and following punctuation has been regularized to zero spaces;
     spacing between words has been regularized to one space.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>Spelling converted throughout to Modern American usage, based on Websters 9th
     Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Là où les majuscules et les minuscules i, j, u, v et vv ont été normalisées selon la
     pratique typographique moderne, l'élément<gi> choice</gi> a été employé en association
     avec <gi>orig</gi> et <gi>reg</gi>pour fournir à la fois les formes originales et les
     formes nouvelles , respectivement ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p> L'espace entre chaque mot a été régularisé à un espace. Un signe de ponctuation
     simple est suivi d'un espace, un signe de ponctuation double est précédé et suivi d'un
     espace.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/langue/orthographe/plan.html">
  <p>Normalisation effectuée selon le Rapport Du Conseil Supérieur De La Langue Française
     publié dans les documents administratifs du Journal officiel du 6 décembre 1990</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<normalization>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>當大寫與小寫的 i, j, u, v, 以及vv已經標準化，符合二十世紀現代印刷術，<gi>choice</gi>元素就用來包含 <gi>orig</gi> 還有
  <gi>reg</gi> 兩個元素，並賦予新的意義。… </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>字與字後的標點符號之間規定沒有空格；字與字間規定留一個空格。</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>拼字源於Websters 9th Collegiate字典的現代美語用法</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>No quotation marks have been retained. Instead, the <att>rend</att> attribute on the
 <gi>q</gi> element is used to specify what kinds of quotation mark was used, according
   to the following list: <list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>double quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>single quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>long dash open, no close</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>double guillemets, open and close</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>Aucun guillemet n'a été conservé. Au lieu de cela, on a utilisé l'attribut
 <att>rend</att> pour l'élément <gi>q</gi> afin de spécifier quel type de guillemet a été
   utilisé, selon la liste suivante : <list type="gloss">
   <label>ga</label>
   <item>guillemet allemand</item>
   <label>gd</label>
   <item>guillemet anglais ou guillemet dactylographique </item>
   <label>gf</label>
   <item>guillemet français</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>不保留引號，改用元素<gi>q</gi>內的屬性<att>rend</att> 來區分引號的種類，種類如下：<list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>雙引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>單引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>破折號，僅前面一個</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>雙箭號，前後各一</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<segmentation>

<segmentation>
 <p>
  <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and are numbered sequentially within
   their parent <gi>div</gi> element </p>
</segmentation>

<segmentation>

<p>
 <gi>seg</gi> elements are used to mark functional constituents of various types within each
<gi>s</gi>; the typology used is defined by a <gi>taxonomy</gi> element in the corpus
header <gi>classDecl</gi>
</p>

<punctuation>

<punctuation marks="all"
 placement="internal">
 <p>All punctuation marks in the source text have been retained and represented using the
   appropriate Unicode code point. In cases where a punctuation mark and nearby markup convey
   the same information (for example, a sentence ends with a question mark and is also tagged
   as <gi>s</gi>) the punctuation mark is captured as content within the element.</p>
</punctuation>

2.3.6.1. Prose Method

<refsDecl>
 <p>The <att>n</att> attribute of each text in this corpus carries a
   unique identifying code for the whole text. The title of the text is
   held as the content of the first <gi>head</gi> element within each
   text. The <att>n</att> attribute on each <gi>div1</gi> and
 <gi>div2</gi> contains the canonical reference for each such
   division, in the form 'XX.yyy', where XX is the book number in Roman
   numerals, and yyy the section number in arabic. Line beginnings are
   marked by empty <gi>lb</gi> elements, each of which includes the
   through line number in Casaubon's edition as the value of its
 <gi>n</gi> attribute.</p>
 <p>The through line number and the text identifier uniquely identify
   any line. A canonical reference may be made up by concatenating the
 <gi>n</gi> values from the <gi>text</gi>, <gi>div1</gi>, or
 <gi>div2</gi> and calculating the line number within each part.</p>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl xml:id="fr_ASLREF">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
  replacementPattern="#fr_xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
  <p>Une référence a été créée en assemblant les éléments suivants dans l'ordre inverse de
     la liste qui suit : <list>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> du précédent <gi>lb</gi>
    </item>
    <item>une période</item>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> de l'ancêtre <gi>div2</gi>
    </item>
    <item>un espace</item>
    <item>la valeur<att>n</att> du parent <gi>div1</gi>
    </item>
   </list>
  </p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <p>參照是將位於最高層級的<gi>div</gi>元素的屬性<att>n</att>值串聯起來，
   其後跟著空格和續接的下一層級<gi>div</gi>，接著冒點，
   然後是續接的下一(最低) 層級的<gi>div</gi>所組成。</p>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <p>References are made up by concatenating the value for the
 <att>n</att> attribute on the highest level <gi>div</gi>
   element, followed by a space, followed by the sequential
   number of the next level <gi>div</gi> followed by a colon
   followed by the sequential number of the next (and lowest)
   level <gi>div</gi>.</p>
</refsDecl>

<prefixDef>

<prefixDef ident="ref"
 matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
 replacementPattern="../../references/references.xml#$1">
 <p> In the context of this project, private URIs with
   the prefix "ref" point to <gi>div</gi> elements in
   the project's global references.xml file.
 </p>
</prefixDef>

<listPrefixDef>

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([A-Z]+)"
  replacementPattern="personography.xml#$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>psn</code>
     prefix are pointers to <gi>person</gi>
     elements in the personography.xml file.
     For example, <code>psn:MDH</code>
     dereferences to <code>personography.xml#MDH</code>.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="bibl"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+[a-z0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://www.example.com/getBibl.xql?id=$1">
  <p> Private URIs using the <code>bibl</code> prefix can be
     expanded to form URIs which retrieve the relevant
     bibliographical reference from www.example.com.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

2.6. The Revision Description

<!-- ... --><revisionDesc>
 <change n="RCS:1.39" when="2007-08-08"
  who="#jwernimo.lrv">Changed <val>drama.verse</val>
  <gi>lg</gi>s to <gi>p</gi>s. <note>we have opened a discussion about the need for a new
     value for <att>type</att> of <gi>lg</gi>, <val>drama.free.verse</val>, in order to address
     the verse of Behn which is not in regular iambic pentameter. For the time being these
     instances are marked with a comment note until we are able to fully consider the best way
     to encode these instances.</note>
 </change>
 <change n="RCS:1.33" when="2007-06-28"
  who="#pcaton.xzc">Added <att>key</att> and <att>reg</att>
   to <gi>name</gi>s.</change>
 <change n="RCS:1.31" when="2006-12-04"
  who="#wgui.ner">Completed renovation. Validated.</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

3.11.4. Declaring Reference Systems

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
   replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<eventName>

<event from="2019-09-16" to="2019-09-20"
 xml:id="tei2019graz">
 <eventName type="full">TEI 2019: What is text, really? TEI and beyond</eventName>
 <eventName type="short">TEI 2019</eventName>
 <note> The abstract leading to the <gi>eventName</gi> element is available at <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141">https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:tei2019.141</ref>.
   Other related documents are available through <ref target="https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019">https://gams.uni-graz.at/tei2019</ref>, as well as in the
 <ref target="https://zenodo.org/communities/tei2019">TEI 2019 Zenodo community</ref>.
 </note>
 <listPerson type="LocalOrganizers">
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Raunig</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Martina</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Scholger</surname>
    <forename>Walter</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Steiner</surname>
    <forename>Elisabeth</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
  <person>
   <persName>
    <surname>Vogeler</surname>
    <forename>Georg</forename>
   </persName>
  </person>
 </listPerson>
 <place xml:lang="de">
  <placeName>Universität Graz</placeName>
  <location>
   <address>
    <addrLine>ReSoWi Gebäude</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Universitätsstraße 15</addrLine>
    <postCode>8010</postCode>
    <settlement>Graz</settlement>
    <country>Österreich</country>
   </address>
   <geo>15.451651587656 47.078215112534</geo>
  </location>
 </place>
 <listRelation>
  <relation active="#tei2019graz"
   passive="#AnnualTEIConference" type="CRM" name="P31_is_instance_of"
   ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31"/>
 </listRelation>
</event>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="psn"
  matchPattern="([a-z]+)"
  replacementPattern="../../references/people/personography.xml#$1">
  <p> In the context of this project, private URIs with the prefix
     "psn" point to <gi>person</gi> elements in the project's
     personography.xml file.
  </p>
 </prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>

22. Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility

<respons>

<!-- in the <teiHeader>: --><respStmt xml:id="enc03">
 <persName ref="../contextual/persons.xml#across.dta"/>
 <resp>encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
<!-- in the <text>: -->
<spGrp rend="braced(atonce1)"
 xml:id="sgrp05">
 <sp who="#mo">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mor</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">So, so, so!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#hg">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Mr. H</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">What, without my Leave!</p>
 </sp>
 <sp who="#la">
  <speaker rend="align(left)slant(italic)">
   <persName>Lady D</persName>.</speaker>
  <p rend="break(no)">Amazing!</p>
 </sp>
</spGrp>
<stage rend="align(right)slant(italic)"
 type="delivery" xml:id="atonce1">All together.</stage>
<!-- anywhere: -->
<respons target="sgrp05" locus="name"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#rcapolung.ewo">
 <desc>Ashley did not know what to do with this; I have decided it
   best fits as a braced <gi>spGrp</gi>
 </desc>
</respons>
<respons target="sgrp05" match=".//@rend"
 locus="value"
 resp="../contextual/persons.xml#sbauman.emt">
 <desc>fixed <att>rend</att> attributes</desc>
</respons>

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms

<p>The <gi>gi</gi> element is used to tag element
names when they appear in the text; the <gi>tag</gi> element however is used to show how a tag as
such might appear. So one might talk of an occurrence of the <gi>blort</gi> element which had been
tagged <tag>blort type='runcible'</tag>. The <att>type</att> attribute may take any name token as
value; the default value is <val>spqr</val>, in memory of its creator.</p>

23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions

<div>
 <head>Element and Attribute Descriptions</head>
 <p>Within the body of a document using this module, the following elements may be used to reference parts of the specification elements
   discussed in section <ptr target="#TDcrystals"/>, in particular the brief prose descriptions these provide for elements and attributes.
 <specList>
   <specDesc key="specList"/>
   <specDesc key="specDesc" atts="atts"/>
  </specList>
 </p>
 <p>TEI practice recommends that a <gi>specList</gi> listing the elements under … </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<eg>

<p>The
<gi>term</gi> element is declared using the following syntax:
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<eg>

<p>L'élément <gi>term</gi> est déclaré en utilisant la syntaxe suivante :
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<eg>

<p>
 <gi>術語</gi>元素用於以下語法：
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<egXML>

<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>
</egXML>

<div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>

<gi>

<p>The <gi>xhtml:li</gi> element is roughly analogous to the <gi>item</gi> element, as is the
<gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi> element.</p>

<gi>

<p>L'élément <gi>xhtml:li</gi> est grosso modo analogue à l'élément <gi>item</gi>, comme
l'est l'élément <gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi>.</p>

<gi>

<p>元素 <gi>xhtml:li</gi>大略類似元素<gi>item</gi>，以及元素 <gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi>。</p>

<gi>

<p>The <gi>xhtml:li</gi> element is roughly analogous to the <gi>item</gi> element, as is the
<gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi> element.</p>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and
     any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly
     in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within
     the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>regroupe des éléments utilisés pour des segmentations arbitraires.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>Les principes selon lesquels la segmentation est effectuée, et tous les codes
     spéciaux ou toutes les valeurs d'attribut utilisées, devraient être définis
     explicitement dans l'élément<gi>segmentation</gi> de l'élément<gi>encodingDesc</gi>
     dans l'en-tête TEI associé.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>匯集用於隨機分割的元素</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and any special codes or attribute
     values used, should be defined explicitly in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the
  <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="core" ident="foreign">
<!--... -->
 <remarks>
  <p>This element is intended for use only where no other element is available to mark the phrase
     or words concerned. The global <att>xml:lang</att> attribute should be used in preference to
     this element where it is intended to mark the language of the whole of some text element.</p>
  <p>The <gi>distinct</gi> element may be used to identify phrases belonging to sublanguages or
     registers not generally regarded as true languages.</p>
 </remarks>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

<exemplum>

<exemplum xml:lang="en">
 <p>The <gi>name</gi> element can be used for both personal names and place names:</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr.           Bennet</name>,</q> said his lady to him one day,           <q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield           Park</name> is let at last?</q>]]></eg>
 <p>As shown above, the <att>type</att> attribute may be used to distinguish the one from the
   other.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>L'élément<gi>name</gi> est employé à la fois pour les noms propres de personne et de
   lieu : </p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve">             <q>               <name type="person">Mrs. Parker</name>, connaît un épicier bulgare, nommé, <name                 type="person">Popochef Rosenfeld</name>qui vient d'arriver de <name type="place"                 >Constantinople</name>. C'est un grand spécialiste en yaourts.</q>           </eg>
 <p>Comme il est indiqué ci-dessus, l'attribut<att>type</att> peut être utilisé pour
   distinguer un élément de l'autre.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>
  <gi>名稱</gi>元素可以同時用於人名以及地名：</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>我親愛的 <name           type="person">班耐特</name>先生，</q> 有一天太太對他說，           <q>你聽到<name type="place">尼得斐莊園</name>           終於租出去了嗎？</q>]]></eg>
 <p>如上所示，<att>屬性值</att> 可用來分辨人名或地名。</p>
</exemplum>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valDesc>must point to another <gi>align</gi>
element logically preceding this one.</valDesc>

<valDesc>

<valDesc>must point to another <gi>align</gi>
element logically preceding this one.</valDesc>

<valDesc>

<valDesc>doit pointer vers un autre élément <gi>align</gi>précédant logiquement
celui-ci.</valDesc>

<valDesc>

<valDesc>必須指向另一個的邏輯上先於此的元素<gi>align</gi>
</valDesc>

<valItem>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="border">
  <desc>used to signify that there is border around a page.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-rule">
  <desc>used to signify that there is a border made of ruled lines.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-ornamental">
  <desc>used to signify that there is an ornamental border.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="catch">
  <gloss>catchword</gloss>
  <desc>for catch words.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="lineNum">
  <gloss>line number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed line numbers (usually in poetry).</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="listHead">
  <gloss>list heading</gloss>
  <desc>for headings of lists or similar constructs; often used in tables of contents for the
  <q>page</q> heading.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pageNum">
  <gloss>page number</gloss>
  <desc>for page numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pressFig">
  <gloss>press figure</gloss>
  <desc>for press figures. These are usually numbers, but are not sequential or regularly
     printed like signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="sig">
  <gloss>signature</gloss>
  <desc>for printed signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="unknown">
  <desc>for a metawork whose function you do not know.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="vol">
  <gloss>volume number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed volume numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="other">
  <desc>anything not covered by the above values.</desc>
  <remarks>
   <p>Used for an ornament, decorated tool line, or symbol(s) that is not officially a
       delimiter (and thus there is no element on which to put <val>pre()</val> or
   <val>post()</val>) but is used to fill space at the bottom of a page so that a
   <gi>floatingText</gi> or similar can start at the top of the next.</p>
  </remarks>
 </valItem>
</valList>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<ident>

<ident> (identifier) contains an identifier or name for an object of some kind in a formal language. ident is used for tokens such as variable names, class names, type names, function names etc. in formal programming languages. [23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.emphLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author bibl biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Character data only

Note

In running prose, this element may be used for any kind of identifier in any formal language. It should not be used for element and attribute names in XML, for which the special elements gi and att are provided.

Example

<ident type="ns">http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples</ident>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element ident
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   text
}

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Example: <ident> (identifier)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <ident> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <ident> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

23. Documentation Elements

2. The TEI Header

2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms

<p>If the variable <ident>z</ident> has a value of zero, a statement such as <code>x=y/z</code> will
usually cause a fatal error.</p>

<ident>

<ident type="ns">http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples</ident>

<ident>

<ident type="ns">http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples</ident>

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C Elements

<tag>

<tag> (tag) contains text of a complete start- or end-tag, possibly including attribute specifications, but excluding the opening and closing markup delimiter characters. [23. Documentation Elements]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
indicates the type of XML tag intended.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

start

a start-tag, with delimiters < and > is intended

end

an end-tag, with delimiters </ and > is intended

empty

an empty tag, with delimiters < and /> is intended

pi

a pi (processing instruction), with delimiters <? and ?> is intended

comment

a comment, with delimiters <!-- and --> is intended

ms

a marked-section, with delimiters <[CDATA[ and ]]> is intended

scheme scheme⚓︎
supplies the name of the schema in which this tag is defined.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

TEI

(text encoding initiative) This tag is defined as part of the TEI scheme. [Default]

DBK

(docbook) this tag is part of the Docbook scheme.

XX

(unknown) this tag is part of an unknown scheme.

Schematron

HTML

Member of

model.phrase.xml

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Character data only

Example

Mark the start of each italicised phrase with a
<tag>hi rend="it"</tag> tag, and its end with a <tag type="end">hi</tag> tag.
<tag type="comment">Example updated on 2008-04-05</tag>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element tag
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { "start" | "end" | "empty" | "pi" | "comment" | "ms" }?,
   attribute scheme { teidata.enumerated }?,
   text
}

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C Elements

Example: <tag> (tag)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <tag> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <tag> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms

<p>The <gi>gi</gi> element is used to tag element
names when they appear in the text; the <gi>tag</gi> element however is used to show how a tag as
such might appear. So one might talk of an occurrence of the <gi>blort</gi> element which had been
tagged <tag>blort type='runcible'</tag>. The <att>type</att> attribute may take any name token as
value; the default value is <val>spqr</val>, in memory of its creator.</p>

<tag>

Mark the start of each italicised phrase with a
<tag>hi rend="it"</tag> tag, and its end with a <tag type="end">hi</tag> tag.
<tag type="comment">Example updated on 2008-04-05</tag>

<tag>

Marque le début de tout groupe de mots en
italique avec la balise <tag>hi rend="it"</tag>, et le termine avec le tag
<tag type="end">hi</tag>
<tag type="comment">Example updated on 2008-04-05</tag>

<tag>

於所有斜體字的前頭以<tag>hi rend="it"</tag>
標籤，並以<tag>/hi</tag>標籤結尾。

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C Elements

<val>

<val> (value) contains a single attribute value. [23. Documentation Elements 23.5.3. Attribute List Specification]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.phrase.xml

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg resp rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc

header: authority catDesc change classCode creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain
Character data only

Example

<val>unknown</val>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element val
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   text
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <val> (value)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <val> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <val> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

2. The TEI Header

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

23. Documentation Elements

2. The TEI Header

2.6. The Revision Description

<!-- ... --><revisionDesc>
 <change n="RCS:1.39" when="2007-08-08"
  who="#jwernimo.lrv">Changed <val>drama.verse</val>
  <gi>lg</gi>s to <gi>p</gi>s. <note>we have opened a discussion about the need for a new
     value for <att>type</att> of <gi>lg</gi>, <val>drama.free.verse</val>, in order to address
     the verse of Behn which is not in regular iambic pentameter. For the time being these
     instances are marked with a comment note until we are able to fully consider the best way
     to encode these instances.</note>
 </change>
 <change n="RCS:1.33" when="2007-06-28"
  who="#pcaton.xzc">Added <att>key</att> and <att>reg</att>
   to <gi>name</gi>s.</change>
 <change n="RCS:1.31" when="2006-12-04"
  who="#wgui.ner">Completed renovation. Validated.</change>
</revisionDesc>

2.7. Minimal and Recommended Headers

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high"
    method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries</item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period]</item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind</item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle</item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty</item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that</item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published</item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States — Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

17.2.5.2. Complete and Partial URI Examples

<refsDecl xml:id="USC">
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Cc](h(\.|ap(ter|\.)?)?)?\s*([1-9][0-9]*)"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1C$5.txt">
  <p>Matches most standard references to particular
     chapters of the United States Code, e.g.
  <val>11USCC7</val>, <val>17 U.S.C. Chapter 3</val>, or
  <val>14 USC Ch. 5</val>. Note that a leading zero is
     required for the title (must be two digits), but is not
     permitted for the chapter number.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Pp](re(lim(inary)?)?)?\s*[Mm](at(erial)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1T.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the preliminary material for a
     given title, e.g. <val>11USCP</val>, <val>17 U.S.C.
       Prelim Mat</val>, or <val>14 USC pm</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
 <cRefPattern matchPattern="([0-9][0-9])\s*U\.?S\.?C\.?\s*[Aa](ppend(ix)?)?"
  replacementPattern="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/$1A.txt">
  <p>Matches references to the appendix of a given tile,
     e.g. <val>05USCA</val>, <val>11 U.S.C. Appendix</val>,
     or <val>18 USC Append</val>.</p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>The example in section 10 is taken
from <ref cRef="17 USC Ch 1">Subject Matter and Scope of
   Copyright</ref>.</p>

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms

<p>The <gi>gi</gi> element is used to tag element
names when they appear in the text; the <gi>tag</gi> element however is used to show how a tag as
such might appear. So one might talk of an occurrence of the <gi>blort</gi> element which had been
tagged <tag>blort type='runcible'</tag>. The <att>type</att> attribute may take any name token as
value; the default value is <val>spqr</val>, in memory of its creator.</p>

<egXML>

<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"><div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>
</egXML>

<div>
  <head>A slide about <gi>egXML</gi>
  </head>
  <list>
   <item>
    <gi>egXML</gi> can be used to give XML examples in the TEI
       Examples namespace</item>
   <item>Attributes values for <att>valid</att>:
   <list rend="collapsed">
     <item>
      <val rend="green">true</val>: intended to be fully
           valid</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="amber">feasible</val>: valid if missing nodes
           provided</item>
     <item>
      <val rend="red">false</val>: not intended to be valid</item>
    </list>
   </item>
   <item>The <att>rend</att> attribute can be
       used for recording how parts of the example were rendered.</item>
  </list>
</div>

<val>

<val>unknown</val>

<val>

<val>inconnu</val>

<val>

<val>未知</val>

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<attDef ident="columns">
 <gloss xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-06-12">columns</gloss>
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">specifies the number of columns per page</desc>
 <datatype minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="2">
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <remarks xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2017-07-09">
  <p>If a single number is given, all pages referenced
     have this number of columns. If two numbers are given,
     the number of columns per page varies between the
     values supplied. Where <att>columns</att> is omitted
     the number is assumed to be <val>1</val>.</p>
 </remarks>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>specifies a name conventionally used for this level of subdivision, e.g.
 <val>act</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>book</val>, <val>section</val>, <val>canto</val>,
   etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>spécifie un nom conventionnellement utilisé pour ce niveau de divisions , par ex.
 <val>acte</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>livre</val>, <val>section</val>,
 <val>chant</val>, etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>具體指定慣例上使用的分部名稱，例如：
 <val>幕</val>, <val>卷</val>, <val>冊</val>, <val>節</val>, <val>篇章</val>,
   等。</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<valItem>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="border">
  <desc>used to signify that there is border around a page.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-rule">
  <desc>used to signify that there is a border made of ruled lines.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-ornamental">
  <desc>used to signify that there is an ornamental border.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="catch">
  <gloss>catchword</gloss>
  <desc>for catch words.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="lineNum">
  <gloss>line number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed line numbers (usually in poetry).</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="listHead">
  <gloss>list heading</gloss>
  <desc>for headings of lists or similar constructs; often used in tables of contents for the
  <q>page</q> heading.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pageNum">
  <gloss>page number</gloss>
  <desc>for page numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pressFig">
  <gloss>press figure</gloss>
  <desc>for press figures. These are usually numbers, but are not sequential or regularly
     printed like signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="sig">
  <gloss>signature</gloss>
  <desc>for printed signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="unknown">
  <desc>for a metawork whose function you do not know.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="vol">
  <gloss>volume number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed volume numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="other">
  <desc>anything not covered by the above values.</desc>
  <remarks>
   <p>Used for an ornament, decorated tool line, or symbol(s) that is not officially a
       delimiter (and thus there is no element on which to put <val>pre()</val> or
   <val>post()</val>) but is used to fill space at the bottom of a page so that a
   <gi>floatingText</gi> or similar can start at the top of the next.</p>
  </remarks>
 </valItem>
</valList>

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C Elements

<specList>

<specList> (specification list) marks where a list of descriptions is to be inserted into the prose documentation. [23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.specDescLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

tagdocs: specDesc

Example

<specList>
 <specDesc key="refState"
  atts="delim length"/>
 <specDesc key="div"/>
</specList>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="specDesc" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element specList
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   specDesc+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <specList> (specification list)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <specList> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <specList> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions

<div>
 <head>Element and Attribute Descriptions</head>
 <p>Within the body of a document using this module, the following elements may be used to reference parts of the specification elements
   discussed in section <ptr target="#TDcrystals"/>, in particular the brief prose descriptions these provide for elements and attributes.
 <specList>
   <specDesc key="specList"/>
   <specDesc key="specDesc" atts="atts"/>
  </specList>
 </p>
 <p>TEI practice recommends that a <gi>specList</gi> listing the elements under … </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<specList>

<specList>
 <specDesc key="refState"
  atts="delim length"/>
 <specDesc key="div"/>
</specList>

<specList>

<specList>
 <specDesc key="lb" atts="ed"/>
 <specDesc key="div"/>
</specList>

<specList>

<specList>
 <specDesc key="lb" atts="ed"/>
 <specDesc key="div"/>
</specList>

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C Elements

<specDesc>

<specDesc> (specification description) indicates that a description of the specified element, class, or macro should be included at this point within a document. [23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

key key⚓︎
(identifier) supplies the identifier of the documentary element or class for which a description is to be obtained.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.name

<specDesc key="emph"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Note

The value should match the ident of a documentary element (that is, a member of att.identified).

atts atts⚓︎
(attributes) supplies attribute names for which descriptions should additionally be obtained.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
0–∞ occurrences of teidata.name separated by whitespace

<specDesc key="foreign"
 atts="usage xml:lang"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Note

The attribute names listed may include both attributes inherited from a class and those defined explicitly for the associated element.

Member of

model.specDescLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine author biblScope citedRange corr date del distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure mentioned name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg rs rt said sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell

header: change distributor edition extent geoDecl handNote licence scriptNote

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation birth bloc country death district education eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: eg specList

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

The description is usually displayed as a label and an item. The list of attributes may include some which are inherited by virtue of an element's class membership; descriptions for such attributes may also be retrieved using another specDesc, this time pointing at the relevant class.

Example

<specDesc key="orth"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<specDesc key="emph"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<specDesc key="foreign"
 atts="usage xml:lang"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element specDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute key { teidata.name },
   attribute atts { list { teidata.name* } }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <specDesc> (specification description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <specDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <specDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.1.2. Element and Attribute Descriptions

<div>
 <head>Element and Attribute Descriptions</head>
 <p>Within the body of a document using this module, the following elements may be used to reference parts of the specification elements
   discussed in section <ptr target="#TDcrystals"/>, in particular the brief prose descriptions these provide for elements and attributes.
 <specList>
   <specDesc key="specList"/>
   <specDesc key="specDesc" atts="atts"/>
  </specList>
 </p>
 <p>TEI practice recommends that a <gi>specList</gi> listing the elements under … </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div>

<specList>

<specList>
 <specDesc key="refState"
  atts="delim length"/>
 <specDesc key="div"/>
</specList>

<specList>

<specList>
 <specDesc key="lb" atts="ed"/>
 <specDesc key="div"/>
</specList>

<specList>

<specList>
 <specDesc key="lb" atts="ed"/>
 <specDesc key="div"/>
</specList>

<specDesc>

<specDesc key="emph"/>

<specDesc>

<specDesc key="emph"/>

<specDesc>

<specDesc key="foreign"
 atts="usage xml:lang"/>

<specDesc>

<specDesc key="foreign"
 atts="usage xml:lang"/>

<specDesc>

<specDesc key="orth"/>

<specDesc>

<specDesc key="orth"/>

<specDesc>

<specDesc key="emph"/>

<specDesc>

<specDesc key="foreign"
 atts="usage xml:lang"/>

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C Elements

<classRef>

<classRef> points to the specification for an attribute or model class which is to be included in a schema. [23.6. Class Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.repeatable

@minOccurs

@maxOccurs

key key⚓︎
the identifier used for the required class within the source indicated.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

expand expand⚓︎
indicates how references to this class within a content model should be interpreted.

Status
Optional

Legal values are:

alternation

any one member of the class may appear

sequence

a single occurrence of all members of the class may appear in sequence

sequenceOptional

a single occurrence of one or more members of the class may appear in sequence

sequenceOptionalRepeatable

one or more occurrences of one or more members of the class may appear in sequence.

sequenceRepeatable

one or more occurrences of all members of the class may appear in sequence

Note

If the members of the class are a, b and c, then a reference to the class within a content model is understood as being a reference to a|b|c when expand is omitted or has the value alternation; to a,b,c when it has the value sequence; to (a?,b?,c?) when it has the value sequenceOptional; to (a*,b*,c*) when it has the value sequenceOptionalRepeatable; or to (a+,b+,c+) when it has the value sequenceRepeatable.

include include⚓︎
supplies a list of class members which are to be included in the schema being defined.

Status
Optional

Datatype
0–∞ occurrences of teidata.xmlName separated by whitespace

except except⚓︎
supplies a list of class members which are to be excluded from the schema being defined.

Status
Optional

Datatype
0–∞ occurrences of teidata.xmlName separated by whitespace

Member of

model.contentPart model.oddRef

Contained by

tagdocs: alternate content schemaSpec sequence specGrp

May contain
Empty element

Note

Attribute and model classes are identified by the name supplied as value for the ident attribute on the classSpec element in which they are declared. All TEI class names are unique; attribute class names conventionally begin with the letters att..

Example

<schemaSpec ident="myTEIe" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"
  include="abbr add core addrLine address author bibl biblScope choice cit corr date del desc divGen editor emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic head hi index item l label lb lg list listBibl mentioned milestone name note num orig p pb ptr pubPlace publisher q ref reg relatedItem resp respStmt rs sic soCalled sp speaker stage teiCorpus term time title unclear"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"
  include="authority availability catRef category change classCode classDecl creation distributor edition editionStmt editorialDecl encodingDesc extent fileDesc funder idno keywords langUsage language licence notesStmt principal profileDesc projectDesc publicationStmt refsDecl revisionDesc samplingDecl seriesStmt sourceDesc sponsor taxonomy teiHeader textClass titleStmt"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"
  include="TEI argument back body byline closer dateline div docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph front group opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer"/>
 <classRef key="att.global.facs"/>
</schemaSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element classRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.repeatable.attributes,
   attribute key { teidata.xmlName },
   attribute expand
   {
      "alternation"
    | "sequence"
    | "sequenceOptional"
    | "sequenceOptionalRepeatable"
    | "sequenceRepeatable"
   }?,
   (
      attribute include { list { teidata.xmlName* } }?
    | attribute except { list { teidata.xmlName* } }?
   ),
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <classRef>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <classRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <classRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

<classRef>

<schemaSpec ident="myTEIe" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"
  include="abbr add core addrLine address author bibl biblScope choice cit corr date del desc divGen editor emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic head hi index item l label lb lg list listBibl mentioned milestone name note num orig p pb ptr pubPlace publisher q ref reg relatedItem resp respStmt rs sic soCalled sp speaker stage teiCorpus term time title unclear"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"
  include="authority availability catRef category change classCode classDecl creation distributor edition editionStmt editorialDecl encodingDesc extent fileDesc funder idno keywords langUsage language licence notesStmt principal profileDesc projectDesc publicationStmt refsDecl revisionDesc samplingDecl seriesStmt sourceDesc sponsor taxonomy teiHeader textClass titleStmt"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"
  include="TEI argument back body byline closer dateline div docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph front group opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer"/>
 <classRef key="att.global.facs"/>
</schemaSpec>

<macroSpec>

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

23.6. Class Specifications

<content>
 <classRef key="model.hiLike"/>
</content>

<content>

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="msItem"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <classRef key="att.global.linking"
  include="corresp"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <classRef key="att.global.linking"
  except="copyOf exclude next prev sameAs select synch"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="person">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.personPart"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="figure">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <elementRef key="figure"/>
   <elementRef key="figDesc"/>
   <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec module="drama"
 ident="performance">
<!-- ... -->
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.frontPart.drama"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.common"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
    <elementRef key="speaker"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.1. Macros

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

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<elementRef>

<elementRef> points to the specification for some element which is to be included in a schema. [23.2. Modules and Schemas]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.repeatable

@minOccurs

@maxOccurs

key key⚓︎
the identifier used for the required element within the source indicated.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

Member of

model.contentPart model.oddRef

Contained by

tagdocs: alternate content schemaSpec sequence specGrp

May contain
Empty element

Note

Elements are identified by the name supplied as value for the ident attribute on the elementSpec element in which they are declared. TEI element names are unique.

Example

<elementRef key="p"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Include in the schema an element named p available from the current default source.

Example

<elementRef key="p" source="tei:1.2.1"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Include in the schema an element named p available from the TEI P5 1.2.1 release.

Schematron

<sch:pattern>
<sch:rule context="tei:elementRef[ parent::tei:schemaSpec | parent::tei:specGrp ]">
 <sch:report test="@minOccurs | @maxOccurs"
  role="error">An element reference is not repeatable when part of a schema specification (and thus this <elementRef> should not have @minOccurs or @maxOccurs).</sch:report>
</sch:rule>
<sch:rule context="tei:content//tei:elementRef">
 <sch:report test="@source" role="error">An element reference within a content model must refer to a locally defined element specification (and thus this <elementRef> should not have @source).</sch:report>
</sch:rule>
</sch:pattern>

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element elementRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.repeatable.attributes,
   attribute key { teidata.xmlName },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <elementRef>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <elementRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <elementRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<elementRef key="p" source="tei:2.0.1"/>

1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility

<elementRef key="p"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/2.0.1/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml"/>

att.global.source

<elementRef key="p" source="tei:2.0.1"/>

23. Documentation Elements

<elementRef>

<elementRef key="p"/>

<elementRef>

<elementRef key="p" source="tei:1.2.1"/>

<schemaSpec>

<schemaSpec ident="Bare-plus"
 source="tei_bare.compiled.odd" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <elementRef key="q" source="tei:3.0.0"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
</schemaSpec>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="ptr" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="ref" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="ptr"/>
  <elementRef key="ref"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="sic"/>
   <elementRef key="corr"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="orig"/>
   <elementRef key="reg"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="abbr"/>
   <elementRef key="expan"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="street"/>
   <elementRef key="placeName"/>
   <elementRef key="postCode"/>
   <elementRef key="country" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
  </sequence>
  <elementRef key="addrLine" minOccurs="2"
   maxOccurs="4"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.6. Class Specifications

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="it"/>
  <elementRef key="bo"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.6. Class Specifications

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="it"/>
  <elementRef key="bo"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

<content>

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="msItem"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

<sequence>

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="name"/>
   <elementRef key="persName"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="placeName" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="5"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

<alternate>

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="name"/>
  <elementRef key="persName"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

<textNode>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="seg"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

<empty>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <empty/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="core"
  except="add del orig reg"/>
 <elementRef key="linkGrp"/>
 <elementRef key="link"/>
</schemaSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="figure">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <elementRef key="figure"/>
   <elementRef key="figDesc"/>
   <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
    <elementRef key="speaker"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

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C Elements

<macroRef>

<macroRef> points to the specification for some pattern which is to be included in a schema. [23.7. Macro Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

key key⚓︎
the identifier used for the required pattern within the source indicated.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

Member of

model.contentPart model.oddRef

Contained by

tagdocs: alternate content schemaSpec sequence specGrp

May contain
Empty element

Note

Patterns or macros are identified by the name supplied as value for the ident attribute on the macroSpec element in which they are declared. All TEI macro names are unique.

Example

<schemaSpec ident="myTEI"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/current/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml">
<!-- ... -->
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element macroRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute key { teidata.xmlName },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <macroRef>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <macroRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <macroRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

<macroRef>

<schemaSpec ident="myTEI"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/current/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml">
<!-- ... -->
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="teistructure"/>
 <elementSpec ident="head" mode="change">
  <content>
   <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
  </content>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.2. Modification of Content Models

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

24.5.5. Making a DTD

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="faith">
 <desc>specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.persStateLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.editLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.datable"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

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C Elements

<moduleRef>

<moduleRef> (module reference) references a module which is to be incorporated into a schema. [23.2. Modules and Schemas]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

prefix prefix⚓︎
specifies a default prefix which will be prepended to all patterns from the imported module.

Status
Optional

Datatype
0–1 occurrences of teidata.xmlName separated by whitespace

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:moduleRef">
<sch:report test="//*[ not( generate-id(.) eq generate-id( current() ) ) ]/@prefix = @prefix">The prefix attribute
of <sch:name/> should not match that of any other
element (it would defeat the purpose)</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:moduleRef">
<sch:report test="@except and @include">It is an error to supply both the @include and @except attributes</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Note

Use of this attribute avoids name collisions (and thus invalid schemas) when the external schema being mixed in with TEI uses a name the TEI or some other included external schema already uses for a pattern.

include include⚓︎
supplies a list of the elements which are to be copied from the specified module into the schema being defined.

Status
Optional

Datatype
0–∞ occurrences of teidata.xmlName separated by whitespace

except except⚓︎
supplies a list of the elements which are not to be copied from the specified module into the schema being defined.

Status
Optional

Datatype
0–∞ occurrences of teidata.xmlName separated by whitespace

key key⚓︎
the name of a TEI module

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

url url⚓︎
(uniform resource locator) refers to a non-TEI module of RELAX NG code by external location

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Member of

model.oddRef

Contained by

tagdocs: schemaSpec specGrp

May contain

tagdocs: content

Note

If neither include nor except is supplied, the effect of this element is to make all the declarations contained by the referenced module available to the schema being compiled. If both attributes are supplied, an ODD processor should signal an error.

A TEI module is identified by the name supplied as value for the ident attribute on a moduleSpec element. The source attribute may be used to specify an online source from which the specification of that module may be read. A URI may alternatively be supplied in the case of a non-TEI module, and this is expected to be written as a RELAX NG schema.

If the url attribute is used, the content element may also be supplied as a child of this element. Its content (which is assumed to be a fragment of RELAX NG code) will be copied along with the content of the resource indicated by the url attribute into the target RELAX NG schema.

Example

<moduleRef key="linking"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This includes all objects available from the linking module.

Example

<moduleRef key="linking"
 except="linkGrp link"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This includes all elements available from the linking module except for the link and linkGrp elements.

Example

<moduleRef key="linking"
 include="linkGrp link"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This includes only the link and linkGrp elements from the linking module.

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:moduleRef">
<sch:report test="* and @key"> Child elements of <sch:name/> are only allowed when an external module is being loaded
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="content" minOccurs="0"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element moduleRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute prefix { teidata.xmlName? }?,
   (
      attribute include { list { teidata.xmlName* } }?
    | attribute except { list { teidata.xmlName* } }?
   ),
   ( attribute key { teidata.xmlName }? | attribute url { teidata.pointer }? ),
   content?
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <moduleRef> (module reference)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <moduleRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <moduleRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

7. Performance Texts

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.2.1. A Simple Customization

<schemaSpec ident="TEI-minimal" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
</schemaSpec>

1.2.2. A Larger Customization

<schemaSpec ident="TEI-PROJECT" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 <moduleRef key="msdescription"/>
<!-- manuscript description -->
 <moduleRef key="transcr"/>
<!-- transcription of primary sources -->
 <moduleRef key="figures"/>
<!-- figures and tables -->
 <moduleRef key="namesdates"/>
<!-- names, dates, people, and places -->
</schemaSpec>

1.2.2. A Larger Customization

<schemaSpec ident="TEI-TRANSCR" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 <moduleRef key="transcr"/>
</schemaSpec>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.10. The Schema Specification

<encodingDesc>
<!-- Other encoding description elements... -->
 <schemaSpec ident="myTEICustomization"
  docLang="en" prefix="tei_" xml:lang="en" source="#NONE">
  <moduleRef key="core"/>
  <moduleRef key="tei"/>
  <moduleRef key="header"/>
  <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 </schemaSpec>
</encodingDesc>

7. Performance Texts

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<schemaSpec ident="myDrama">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="structure"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <elementSpec ident="stage" mode="change">
  <attList>
   <attDef ident="type" mode="replace">
    <valList type="closed">
     <valItem ident="setting">
      <desc>describes the set</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="blocking">
      <desc>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="business">
      <desc>describes movement other than blocking</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="delivery">
      <desc>describes how the line is said</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="motivation">
      <desc>describes character's emotional state or through line</desc>
     </valItem>
    </valList>
   </attDef>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

<classRef>

<schemaSpec ident="myTEIe" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"
  include="abbr add core addrLine address author bibl biblScope choice cit corr date del desc divGen editor emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic head hi index item l label lb lg list listBibl mentioned milestone name note num orig p pb ptr pubPlace publisher q ref reg relatedItem resp respStmt rs sic soCalled sp speaker stage teiCorpus term time title unclear"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"
  include="authority availability catRef category change classCode classDecl creation distributor edition editionStmt editorialDecl encodingDesc extent fileDesc funder idno keywords langUsage language licence notesStmt principal profileDesc projectDesc publicationStmt refsDecl revisionDesc samplingDecl seriesStmt sourceDesc sponsor taxonomy teiHeader textClass titleStmt"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"
  include="TEI argument back body byline closer dateline div docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph front group opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer"/>
 <classRef key="att.global.facs"/>
</schemaSpec>

<moduleRef>

<moduleRef key="linking"/>

<moduleRef>

<moduleRef key="linking"/>

<moduleRef>

<moduleRef key="linking"
 except="linkGrp link"/>

<moduleRef>

<moduleRef key="linking"
 include="linkGrp link"/>

<moduleRef>

<moduleRef key="linking"/>

<schemaSpec>

<schemaSpec prefix="TEI_" ident="testsvg"
 start="TEI svg">
 <moduleRef source="tei:current"
  key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <moduleRef url="svg11.rng"/>
</schemaSpec>

<schemaSpec>

<schemaSpec ident="Bare-plus"
 source="tei_bare.compiled.odd" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <elementRef key="q" source="tei:3.0.0"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="linking"/>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="core"
  except="add del orig reg"/>
 <moduleRef key="linking"
  include="linkGrp link"/>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="core"
  except="add del orig reg"/>
 <elementRef key="linkGrp"/>
 <elementRef key="link"/>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <classRef key="att.global.linking"
  include="corresp"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <classRef key="att.global.linking"
  except="copyOf exclude next prev sameAs select synch"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
  <attList>
   <attRef class="att.global.source"
    name="source"/>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="teistructure"/>
 <elementSpec ident="head" mode="change">
  <content>
   <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
  </content>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.2. Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules

<schemaSpec prefix="TEI_" ident="testsvg"
 start="TEI svg">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 <moduleRef url="svg11.rng"/>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.2. Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules

<moduleRef url="svg11.rng">
 <content>
  <rng:define name="TEI_model.graphicLike"
   combine="choice">
   <rng:ref name="svg"/>
  </rng:define>
 </content>
</moduleRef>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.1. Deletion of Elements

<schemaSpec ident="mySchema">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
<!-- other modules used by this customization -->
 <elementSpec ident="note" mode="delete"/>
</schemaSpec>

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

<schemaSpec ns="" ident="noName">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

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<moduleSpec>

<moduleSpec> (module specification) documents the structure, content, and purpose of a single module, i.e. a named and externally visible group of declarations. [23.2. Modules and Schemas]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.identified

@ident

@predeclare

@module

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.oddDecl

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: schemaSpec specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc gloss

header: idno

tagdocs: equiv exemplum listRef remarks

Example

<moduleSpec ident="namesdates">
 <idno type="FPI">Names and Dates</idno>
 <desc>Additional elements for names and dates</desc>
</moduleSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identEquiv"/>
   <elementRef key="idno"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="exemplum" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="remarks" minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="listRef" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element moduleSpec
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.identified.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   (
      ( model.identEquiv | idno | model.descLike )*,
      exemplum*,
      remarks?,
      listRef*
   )
}

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Example: <moduleSpec> (module specification)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <moduleSpec> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <moduleSpec> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.2. Modules and Schemas

<moduleSpec ident="namesdates">
 <idno type="FPI">Names and Dates</idno>
 <desc>Additional elements for names and dates</desc>
</moduleSpec>

<moduleSpec>

<moduleSpec ident="namesdates">
 <idno type="FPI">Names and Dates</idno>
 <desc>Additional elements for names and dates</desc>
</moduleSpec>

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<schemaSpec>

<schemaSpec> (schema specification) generates a TEI-conformant schema and documentation for it. [2.3. The Encoding Description 23.2. Modules and Schemas 24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.docStatus

@status

att.identified

@ident

@predeclare

@module

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

att.namespaceable

@ns

start start⚓︎
specifies entry points to the schema, i.e. which patterns may be used as the root of documents conforming to it.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.name separated by whitespace

Default
TEI

prefix prefix⚓︎
specifies a default prefix which will be prepended to all patterns relating to TEI elements, unless otherwise stated.

Status
Optional

Datatype
0–1 occurrences of teidata.xmlName separated by whitespace

Note

Use of this attribute allows an external schema which has an element with the same local name as a TEI element to be mixed in.

targetLang targetLang⚓︎
(target language) specifies which language to use when creating the objects in a schema if names for elements or attributes are available in more than one language.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.language

docLang docLang⚓︎
(documentation language) specifies which languages to use when creating documentation if the description for an element, attribute, class or macro is available in more than one language.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.language separated by whitespace

Note

Although multiple languages may be specified, the current TEI ODD processor is only capable of handling one.

defaultExceptions defaultExceptions⚓︎
(default namespace exclusions) provides a list of namespaces and/or prefixed element names to be excluded by default from anyName in RELAX NG schemas.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.namespaceOrName separated by whitespace

Default
http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 teix:egXML

Note

Specifies defaults for the except attribute of anyElement. RELAX NG validation (unless DTD Compatibility Mode is turned off) requires that any elements which may take an xml:id be excluded from the content of anyName name classes. For normal TEI purposes, this includes anything in the TEI namespace and the egXML element. The defaultExceptions attribute sets the global defaults for these exclusions. Element prefixes must be declared using a namespace declaration on the parent or an ancestor element.

Member of

model.encodingDescPart model.frontPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

textstructure: back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 front

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: classRef classSpec constraintDecl constraintSpec dataRef dataSpec elementRef elementSpec equiv listRef macroRef macroSpec moduleRef moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

Note

A schemaSpec combines references to modules, individual element or macro declarations, and specification groups together to form a unified schema.

The processing of the schemaSpec element must resolve any conflicts amongst the declarations it either contains or refers to. Different ODD processors may generate schemas and documentation using different concrete syntaxes.

The source may be specified (on the source attribute) in the form of a private URI, for which the recommended format is tei:x.y.z, where x.y.z indicates the version number, e.g. tei:1.5.1 for 1.5.1 release of TEI P5 or (as a special case) tei:current for whatever is the latest release. The source indicated must provide a set of TEI-conformant specifications in a form directly usable by an ODD processor. By default, this will be the location of the current release of the TEI Guidelines.

Example

<schemaSpec prefix="TEI_" ident="testsvg"
 start="TEI svg">
 <moduleRef source="tei:current"
  key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <moduleRef url="svg11.rng"/>
</schemaSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This schema combines elements from the current versions of the drama and core modules, the current release version of the header module, and elements from an existing RELAX NG schema available from the URL indicated.

Example

<schemaSpec ident="Bare-plus"
 source="tei_bare.compiled.odd" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <elementRef key="q" source="tei:3.0.0"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
</schemaSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This schema starts with a pre-existing customization of the TEI called TEI Bare (a customization with a minimal selection of elements). The q element is not available in TEI Bare, but it can be brought back. In this case, we will get the version defined in TEI P5 release 3.0.0

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identEquiv"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="constraintDecl"/>
   <classRef key="model.oddRef"/>
   <classRef key="model.oddDecl"/>
   <elementRef key="listRef"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element schemaSpec
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.docStatus.attributes,
   att.identified.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   att.namespaceable.attributes,
   attribute start { list { teidata.name+ } }?,
   attribute prefix { teidata.xmlName? }?,
   attribute targetLang { teidata.language }?,
   attribute docLang { list { teidata.language+ } }?,
   attribute defaultExceptions { list { teidata.namespaceOrName+ } }?,
   (
      ( model.identEquiv | model.descLike )*,
      ( constraintDecl | model.oddRef | model.oddDecl | listRef )*
   )
}

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Example: <schemaSpec> (schema specification)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <schemaSpec> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <schemaSpec> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

1. The TEI Infrastructure

2. The TEI Header

7. Performance Texts

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

1. The TEI Infrastructure

1.2.1. A Simple Customization

<schemaSpec ident="TEI-minimal" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
</schemaSpec>

1.2.2. A Larger Customization

<schemaSpec ident="TEI-PROJECT" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 <moduleRef key="msdescription"/>
<!-- manuscript description -->
 <moduleRef key="transcr"/>
<!-- transcription of primary sources -->
 <moduleRef key="figures"/>
<!-- figures and tables -->
 <moduleRef key="namesdates"/>
<!-- names, dates, people, and places -->
</schemaSpec>

1.2.2. A Larger Customization

<schemaSpec ident="TEI-TRANSCR" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 <moduleRef key="transcr"/>
</schemaSpec>

att.global.source

<schemaSpec ident="myODD"
 source="mycompiledODD.xml">
<!-- further declarations specifying the components required -->
</schemaSpec>

2. The TEI Header

2.3.10. The Schema Specification

<encodingDesc>
<!-- Other encoding description elements... -->
 <schemaSpec ident="myTEICustomization"
  docLang="en" prefix="tei_" xml:lang="en" source="#NONE">
  <moduleRef key="core"/>
  <moduleRef key="tei"/>
  <moduleRef key="header"/>
  <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 </schemaSpec>
</encodingDesc>

7. Performance Texts

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<schemaSpec ident="myDrama">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="structure"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <elementSpec ident="stage" mode="change">
  <attList>
   <attDef ident="type" mode="replace">
    <valList type="closed">
     <valItem ident="setting">
      <desc>describes the set</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="blocking">
      <desc>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="business">
      <desc>describes movement other than blocking</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="delivery">
      <desc>describes how the line is said</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="motivation">
      <desc>describes character's emotional state or through line</desc>
     </valItem>
    </valList>
   </attDef>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

<classRef>

<schemaSpec ident="myTEIe" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"
  include="abbr add core addrLine address author bibl biblScope choice cit corr date del desc divGen editor emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic head hi index item l label lb lg list listBibl mentioned milestone name note num orig p pb ptr pubPlace publisher q ref reg relatedItem resp respStmt rs sic soCalled sp speaker stage teiCorpus term time title unclear"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"
  include="authority availability catRef category change classCode classDecl creation distributor edition editionStmt editorialDecl encodingDesc extent fileDesc funder idno keywords langUsage language licence notesStmt principal profileDesc projectDesc publicationStmt refsDecl revisionDesc samplingDecl seriesStmt sourceDesc sponsor taxonomy teiHeader textClass titleStmt"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"
  include="TEI argument back body byline closer dateline div docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph front group opener postscript salute signed text titlePage titlePart trailer"/>
 <classRef key="att.global.facs"/>
</schemaSpec>

<macroRef>

<schemaSpec ident="myTEI"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/current/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml">
<!-- ... -->
 <macroRef key="macro.paraContent"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

<schemaSpec>

<schemaSpec prefix="TEI_" ident="testsvg"
 start="TEI svg">
 <moduleRef source="tei:current"
  key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <moduleRef url="svg11.rng"/>
</schemaSpec>

<schemaSpec>

<schemaSpec ident="Bare-plus"
 source="tei_bare.compiled.odd" start="TEI">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <elementRef key="q" source="tei:3.0.0"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
</schemaSpec>

<dataRef>

<schemaSpec ident="myTEI"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/current/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml">
<!-- ... -->
 <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

<dataRef>

<schemaSpec ident="myTEI"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/current/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml">
<!-- ... -->
 <dataRef name="float"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="linking"/>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="core"
  except="add del orig reg"/>
 <moduleRef key="linking"
  include="linkGrp link"/>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="core"
  except="add del orig reg"/>
 <elementRef key="linkGrp"/>
 <elementRef key="link"/>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <classRef key="att.global.linking"
  include="corresp"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
<!-- ... -->
 <classRef key="att.global.linking"
  except="copyOf exclude next prev sameAs select synch"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
  <attList>
   <attRef class="att.global.source"
    name="source"/>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="teistructure"/>
 <elementSpec ident="head" mode="change">
  <content>
   <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
  </content>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.2. Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules

<schemaSpec prefix="TEI_" ident="testsvg"
 start="TEI svg">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="textstructure"/>
 <moduleRef url="svg11.rng"/>
</schemaSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.1. Deletion of Elements

<schemaSpec ident="mySchema">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
<!-- other modules used by this customization -->
 <elementSpec ident="note" mode="delete"/>
</schemaSpec>

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

<schemaSpec ns="" ident="noName">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

24.5.3. Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas

<schemaSpec ident="test" prefix="tei_">
 <elementSpec ident="sp">
<!--...-->
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

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<specGrp>

<specGrp> (specification group) contains any convenient grouping of specifications for use within the current module. [23.2. Modules and Schemas]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.oddDecl

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: schemaSpec specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: l lg p sp

drama: spGrp

linking: ab

nets: eTree forest graph listForest tree

spoken: annotationBlock u

tagdocs: classRef classSpec constraintSpec dataRef dataSpec elementRef elementSpec listRef macroRef macroSpec moduleRef moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

Note

A specification group is referenced by means of its xml:id attribute. The declarations it contains may be included in a schemaSpec or moduleSpec element only by reference (using a specGrpRef element): it may not be nested within a moduleSpec element.

Different ODD processors may generate representations of the specifications contained by a specGrp in different concrete syntaxes.

Example

<specGrp xml:id="xDAILC">
 <elementSpec ident="s">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="cl">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="w">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="m">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="c">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
</specGrp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This specification group with identifier xDAILC contains specifications for the elements s,cl,w, etc.

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.oddDecl"/>
  <classRef key="model.oddRef"/>
  <classRef key="model.divPart"/>
  <elementRef key="listRef"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element specGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( model.oddDecl | model.oddRef | model.divPart | listRef )*
}

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Example: <specGrp> (specification group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <specGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <specGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.2. Modules and Schemas

<p>This module contains three red elements: <specGrp xml:id="RED">
  <elementSpec ident="beetroot">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="east">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="rose">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
 </specGrp> and two blue ones: <specGrp xml:id="BLUE">
  <elementSpec ident="sky">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="bayou">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
 </specGrp>
</p>

<specGrp>

<specGrp xml:id="xDAILC">
 <elementSpec ident="s">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="cl">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="w">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="m">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="c">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
</specGrp>

<specGrp>

<specGrp xml:id="fr_xDAILC">
 <elementSpec ident="s">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="cl">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="w">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="m">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="c">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
</specGrp>

<specGrpRef>

<p>This part of the module contains declarations for names of persons, places, and
organisations: <specGrpRef target="#names.pers"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#names.place"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#names.org"/>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.pers">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.place">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.org">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>

<specGrpRef>

<p>Cette partie du module contient les déclarations pour les noms de personnes, de lieux,
des organismes : <specGrpRef target="#fr_names.pers"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#fr_names.place"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#fr_names.org"/>
</p>
<specGrp xml:id="fr_names.pers">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<specGrp xml:id="fr_names.place">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<specGrp xml:id="fr_names.org">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>

<specGrpRef>

<p>這部份的模組包含人名、地名以及組織名稱的宣告：<specGrpRef target="#zh-tw_names.pers"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#zh-tw_names.place"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#zh-tw_names.org"/>
</p>
<!-- 某處 -->
<specGrp xml:id="zh-tw_names.pers">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- 某處 -->
<specGrp xml:id="zh-tw_names.place">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- 某處 -->
<specGrp xml:id="zh-tw_names.org">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>

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<specGrpRef>

<specGrpRef> (reference to a specification group) indicates that the declarations contained by the specGrp referenced should be inserted at this point. [23.2. Modules and Schemas]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

target target⚓︎
points at the specification group which logically belongs here.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Member of

model.oddDecl

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: schemaSpec specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain
Empty element

Note

In ODD documentation processing, a specGrpRef usually produces a comment indicating that a set of declarations printed in another section will be inserted at this point in the specGrp being discussed. In schema processing, the contents of the specified specGrp are made available for inclusion in the generated schema.

The specification group identified by the target attribute will normally be part of the current ODD document.

Example

<p>This part of the module contains declarations for names of persons, places, and
organisations: <specGrpRef target="#names.pers"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#names.place"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#names.org"/>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.pers">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.place">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.org">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element specGrpRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute target { teidata.pointer },
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <specGrpRef> (reference to a specification group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <specGrpRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <specGrpRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.2. Modules and Schemas

<div>
 <head>An overview of the imaginary module</head>
 <p>The imaginary module contains declarations for coloured things: <specGrpRef target="#RED"/>
  <specGrpRef target="#BLUE"/>
 </p>
</div>

<specGrpRef>

<p>This part of the module contains declarations for names of persons, places, and
organisations: <specGrpRef target="#names.pers"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#names.place"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#names.org"/>
</p>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.pers">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.place">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- elsewhere -->
<specGrp xml:id="names.org">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>

<specGrpRef>

<p>Cette partie du module contient les déclarations pour les noms de personnes, de lieux,
des organismes : <specGrpRef target="#fr_names.pers"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#fr_names.place"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#fr_names.org"/>
</p>
<specGrp xml:id="fr_names.pers">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<specGrp xml:id="fr_names.place">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<specGrp xml:id="fr_names.org">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>

<specGrpRef>

<p>這部份的模組包含人名、地名以及組織名稱的宣告：<specGrpRef target="#zh-tw_names.pers"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#zh-tw_names.place"/>
 <specGrpRef target="#zh-tw_names.org"/>
</p>
<!-- 某處 -->
<specGrp xml:id="zh-tw_names.pers">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- 某處 -->
<specGrp xml:id="zh-tw_names.place">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>
<!-- 某處 -->
<specGrp xml:id="zh-tw_names.org">
<!--... -->
</specGrp>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec> (element specification) documents the structure, content, and purpose of a single element type. [23.5. Element Specifications 23. Documentation Elements]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.identified

@ident

@predeclare

@module

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

att.namespaceable

@ns

prefix prefix⚓︎
specifies a default prefix which will be prepended to all patterns relating to the element, unless otherwise stated.

Status
Optional

Datatype
0–1 occurrences of teidata.xmlName separated by whitespace

Member of

model.oddDecl

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: schemaSpec specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: altIdent attList classes constraintSpec content equiv exemplum listRef model modelGrp modelSequence remarks valList

Example

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:elementSpec[ @mode eq 'delete' ]">
<sch:report test="child::*">This elementSpec element has a mode= of "delete" even though it has child elements. Change the mode= to "add", "change", or "replace", or remove the child elements.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>
<sch:rule context="tei:elementSpec[ @mode = ('add','change','replace') ]">
<sch:assert test="child::* | (@* except (@mode, @ident))">This elementSpec element has a mode= of "<sch:value-of select="@mode"/>", but does not have any child elements or schema-changing attributes. Specify child elements, use validUntil=, predeclare=, ns=, or prefix=, or change the mode= to "delete".</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identSynonyms"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="classes" minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="content" minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="valList" minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="constraintSpec"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="attList" minOccurs="0"/>
  <alternate maxOccurs="unbounded"
   minOccurs="0">
   <elementRef key="model"/>
   <elementRef key="modelGrp"/>
   <elementRef key="modelSequence"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="exemplum" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="remarks" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="listRef" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element elementSpec
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.identified.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   att.namespaceable.attributes,
   attribute prefix { teidata.xmlName? }?,
   (
      ( model.identSynonyms | model.descLike )*,
      classes?,
      content?,
      valList?,
      constraintSpec*,
      attList?,
      ( model | modelGrp | modelSequence )*,
      exemplum*,
      remarks*,
      listRef*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <elementSpec> (element specification)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <elementSpec> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <elementSpec> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

7. Performance Texts

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<schemaSpec ident="myDrama">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="structure"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <elementSpec ident="stage" mode="change">
  <attList>
   <attDef ident="type" mode="replace">
    <valList type="closed">
     <valItem ident="setting">
      <desc>describes the set</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="blocking">
      <desc>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="business">
      <desc>describes movement other than blocking</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="delivery">
      <desc>describes how the line is said</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="motivation">
      <desc>describes character's emotional state or through line</desc>
     </valItem>
    </valList>
   </attDef>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<elementSpec ident="person"
 module="namesdates" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="replace" ident="age">
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="child">
     <desc>less than 18 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="adult">
     <desc>18 to 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="retired">
     <desc>over 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

23.2. Modules and Schemas

<p>This module contains three red elements: <specGrp xml:id="RED">
  <elementSpec ident="beetroot">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="east">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="rose">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
 </specGrp> and two blue ones: <specGrp xml:id="BLUE">
  <elementSpec ident="sky">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
  <elementSpec ident="bayou">
<!-- ... -->
  </elementSpec>
 </specGrp>
</p>

<specGrp>

<specGrp xml:id="xDAILC">
 <elementSpec ident="s">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="cl">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="w">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="m">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="c">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
</specGrp>

<specGrp>

<specGrp xml:id="fr_xDAILC">
 <elementSpec ident="s">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="cl">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="w">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="m">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
 <elementSpec ident="c">
<!-- ... -->
 </elementSpec>
</specGrp>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs"
 xml:id="fr_Code" ident="code">
 <desc>contient le code littéral</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>la langue du code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="linking" ident="ab">
 <gloss>anonymous block</gloss>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="core" ident="foreign">
<!--... -->
 <desc xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-07-21">identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some
   language other than that of the surrounding text. </desc>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="death">
 <equiv name="E69"
  uri="http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/"/>
 <desc>
<!--... -->
 </desc>
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec ident="bo"
 ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <equiv filter="http://www.example.com/equiv-filter.xsl"
  mimeType="text/xsl" name="bold"/>
 <gloss>bold</gloss>
 <desc>contains a sequence of characters rendered in a bold face.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec ident="abbr" mode="change">
 <altIdent xml:lang="de">Abkürzung</altIdent>
<!--...-->
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec ident="graphic" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="change" ident="url">
   <altIdent>href</altIdent>
  </attDef>
<!-- ... -->
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="core" ident="foreign">
<!--... -->
 <remarks>
  <p>This element is intended for use only where no other element is available to mark the phrase
     or words concerned. The global <att>xml:lang</att> attribute should be used in preference to
     this element where it is intended to mark the language of the whole of some text element.</p>
  <p>The <gi>distinct</gi> element may be used to identify phrases belonging to sublanguages or
     registers not generally regarded as true languages.</p>
 </remarks>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>bold typography</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>caractères gras</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>粗體印刷</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.3. CSS Class

<elementSpec ident="list" mode="change">
 <model predicate="label" behaviour="list"
  cssClass="labeled-list">
<!-- ... -->
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.3. CSS Class

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="table">
<!-- Preserve original rendition for tables which contain @rendition hints -->
 <model predicate=".//row/@rendition or .//cell/@rendition"
  behaviour="table" useSourceRendition="true"/>
<!-- Use bootstrap for default table styling -->
 <model behaviour="table"
  useSourceRendition="true"
  cssClass="table table-hover table-bordered"/>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.4. Model Contexts and Outputs

<elementSpec ident="quote" mode="change">
 <model predicate="ancestor::p"
  behaviour="inline">
  <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block">
  <outputRendition>left-margin: 2em;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="ref" mode="add">
 <model behaviour="link">
  <param name="uri" value="@target"/>
  <param name="content" value="."/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default"
   value="corr[@cert='high']"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="sic and corr"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default"
    value="corr[@cert='high']"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
  </model>
  <model predicate="abbr and expan"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default" value="expan[1]"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="abbr"/>
  </model>
  <model predicate="orig and reg"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default" value="reg"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="orig"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.6. Outputs

<elementSpec ident="date" mode="change">
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="text()"
   behaviour="inline"/>
  <model predicate="@when and not(text())"
   behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@when"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <model output="web" predicate="@when"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="."/>
  <param name="alternate" value="@when"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.7. Model sequence

<elementSpec ident="note" mode="change">
 <modelSequence output="print">
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="footnote">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</elementSpec>

<model>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="quote">
 <model predicate="ancestor::p"
  behaviour="inline">
  <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
   xml:lang="en">If it's inside a paragraph then it's
     inline</desc>
 </model>
 <model predicate="not(ancestor::p)"
  behaviour="block">
  <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
   xml:lang="en">If it's not inside a paragraph then it is
     block level</desc>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<model>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="date">
 <model output="print" predicate="text()"
  behaviour="inline"/>
 <model output="print"
  predicate="@when and not(text())" behaviour="inline">
  <param name="content" value="@when"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="@when" output="web"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="alternate" value="@when"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<model>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="choice">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="abbr and expan"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="expan"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="abbr"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="orig and reg"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="reg"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="orig"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<modelGrp>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="abbr">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="ancestor::front"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition>font-style:italic; </outputRendition>
  </model>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition scope="before">content: ' ('</outputRendition>
   <outputRendition scope="after">content: ')'</outputRendition>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

<param>

<elementSpec ident="choice">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<param>

<elementSpec ident="graphic" mode="change">
 <model behaviour="graphic">
  <param name="url" value="@url"/>
  <param name="width" value="@width"/>
  <param name="height" value="@height"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

att.predicate

<elementSpec ident="name" mode="change">
 <equiv name="PERSON"
  predicate="@type eq 'person'"
  uri="http://www.example.com/entities/person"/>
 <equiv name="PLACE"
  predicate="@type eq 'place'"
  uri="http://www.example.com/entities/place"/>
</elementSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
  <attList>
   <attRef class="att.global.source"
    name="source"/>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="teistructure"/>
 <elementSpec ident="head" mode="change">
  <content>
   <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
  </content>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.1. Deletion of Elements

<elementSpec ident="note" mode="delete"/>

24.3.1.1. Deletion of Elements

<schemaSpec ident="mySchema">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
<!-- other modules used by this customization -->
 <elementSpec ident="note" mode="delete"/>
</schemaSpec>

24.3.1.2. Modification of Content Models

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates whether or not the example is considered to be valid</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.truthValue"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI" mode="add">
   <desc>indicates the validity of the example by supplying one of three predefined
       codes for it.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="A">
     <desc>validity is of the highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="B">
     <desc>validity is of the second highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="C">
     <desc>validity is of the lowest class</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change" ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes mode="change">
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <classes mode="change">
  <memberOf key="att.declaring"
   mode="delete"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change" ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes mode="replace">
  <memberOf key="att.interpLike"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.5. Addition of New Elements

<elementSpec ident="myBibl" mode="add"
 ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.biblLike"/>
 </classes>
<!-- other parts of the new declaration here -->
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.6. Renaming of Elements

<elementSpec ident="note" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <altIdent>nt</altIdent>
</elementSpec>

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

<elementSpec ident="p" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="topic" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates the topic of a TEI paragraph</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
<!-- ... -->
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="subtype" mode="delete"/>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <desc>marks paragraphs in prose.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p" mode="change">
 <desc xml:lang="es">marca párrafos en prosa.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="person">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.personPart"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="figure">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <elementRef key="figure"/>
   <elementRef key="figDesc"/>
   <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec module="drama"
 ident="performance">
<!-- ... -->
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.frontPart.drama"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.common"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
    <elementRef key="speaker"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.3. Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas

<schemaSpec ident="test" prefix="tei_">
 <elementSpec ident="sp">
<!--...-->
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

24.5.3. Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas

<elementSpec module="core" ident="head">
 <equiv/>
 <gloss>heading</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="fr">en-tête</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="es">encabezamiento</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="it">titolo</gloss>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.5. Making a DTD

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="faith">
 <desc>specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.persStateLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.editLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.datable"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

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<classSpec>

<classSpec> (class specification) contains reference information for a TEI element class; that is a group of elements which appear together in content models, or which share some common attribute, or both. [23.3. Specification Elements 23.6. Class Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.identified

@ident

@predeclare

@module

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

att.typed

@type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
indicates whether this is a model class or an attribute class

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

model

(content model) members of this class appear in the same content models

atts

(attributes) members of this class share common attributes

generate generate⚓︎
indicates which alternation and sequence instantiations of a model class may be referenced. By default, all variations are permitted.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–5 occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Legal values are:

alternation

members of the class are alternatives

sequence

members of the class are to be provided in sequence

sequenceOptional

members of the class may be provided, in sequence, but are optional

sequenceOptionalRepeatable

members of the class may be provided one or more times, in sequence, but are optional.

sequenceRepeatable

members of the class may be provided one or more times, in sequence

Member of

model.oddDecl

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: schemaSpec specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: altIdent attList classes constraintSpec equiv exemplum listRef remarks

Example

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and
     any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly
     in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within
     the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identSynonyms"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="classes" minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="constraintSpec"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="attList" minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="exemplum" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="remarks" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="listRef" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element classSpec
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.identified.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute type { "model" | "atts" },
   attribute generate
   {
      list
      {
         (
            "alternation"
          | "sequence"
          | "sequenceOptional"
          | "sequenceOptionalRepeatable"
          | "sequenceRepeatable"
         ),
         (
            "alternation"
          | "sequence"
          | "sequenceOptional"
          | "sequenceOptionalRepeatable"
          | "sequenceRepeatable"
         )?,
         (
            "alternation"
          | "sequence"
          | "sequenceOptional"
          | "sequenceOptionalRepeatable"
          | "sequenceRepeatable"
         )?,
         (
            "alternation"
          | "sequence"
          | "sequenceOptional"
          | "sequenceOptionalRepeatable"
          | "sequenceRepeatable"
         )?,
         (
            "alternation"
          | "sequence"
          | "sequenceOptional"
          | "sequenceOptionalRepeatable"
          | "sequenceRepeatable"
         )?
      }
   }?,
   (
      ( model.identSynonyms | model.descLike )*,
      classes?,
      constraintSpec*,
      attList?,
      exemplum*,
      remarks*,
      listRef*
   )
}

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Example: <classSpec> (class specification)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <classSpec> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <classSpec> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and
     any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly
     in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within
     the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>regroupe des éléments utilisés pour des segmentations arbitraires.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>Les principes selon lesquels la segmentation est effectuée, et tous les codes
     spéciaux ou toutes les valeurs d'attribut utilisées, devraient être définis
     explicitement dans l'élément<gi>segmentation</gi> de l'élément<gi>encodingDesc</gi>
     dans l'en-tête TEI associé.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>匯集用於隨機分割的元素</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and any special codes or attribute
     values used, should be defined explicitly in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the
  <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

23.6. Class Specifications

<classSpec type="model"
 ident="model.hiLike">
 <desc>groups phrase-level elements related to highlighting that have no specific semantics </desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.highlighted"/>
 </classes>
</classSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<classSpec ident="att.global.rendition"
 type="atts" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="delete"/>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.measureLike">
<!-- ... -->
</classSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<classSpec module="verse" type="atts"
 ident="att.enjamb">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="enjamb" usage="opt">
   <equiv/>
   <desc>indicates whether the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="open">
    <valItem ident="no">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is end-stopped </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="yes">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line in question runs on into the next </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="weak">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is weakly enjambed </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="strong">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is strongly enjambed</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

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<dataSpec>

<dataSpec> (datatype specification) documents a datatype. [23.3. Specification Elements 23.7. Macro Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.identified

@ident

@predeclare

@module

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

Member of

model.oddDecl

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: schemaSpec specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: altIdent constraintSpec content equiv exemplum listRef remarks valList

Example

<dataSpec ident="teidata.pointer">
 <desc versionDate="2013-01-19"
  xml:lang="en">defines the range of
   attribute values used to provide a single URI, absolute or relative,
   pointing to some other resource, either within the current document
   or elsewhere.</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="anyURI"/>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule role="warn"
 context="tei:dataSpec/tei:content">
<sch:report test=".//tei:anyElement | .//tei:classRef | .//tei:elementRef"> A datatype specification should not refer to an element or a class.
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identSynonyms"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
   <elementRef key="content"/>
   <elementRef key="valList"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="constraintSpec"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="exemplum" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="remarks" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="listRef" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element dataSpec
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.identified.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   (
      ( model.identSynonyms | model.descLike )*,
      ( content | valList )?,
      constraintSpec*,
      exemplum*,
      remarks*,
      listRef*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <dataSpec> (datatype specification)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <dataSpec> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <dataSpec> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

23. Documentation Elements

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<desc>

<dataSpec module="tei"
 ident="teidata.point" validUntil="2050-02-25">
 <desc type="deprecationInfo"
  versionDate="2018-09-14" xml:lang="en">Several standards bodies, including NIST in the USA,
   strongly recommend against ending the representation of a number
   with a decimal point. So instead of <q>3.</q> use either <q>3</q>
   or <q>3.0</q>.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</dataSpec>

<desc>

<dataSpec module="tei"
 ident="teidata.point">
 <desc versionDate="2010-10-17"
  xml:lang="en">defines the data type used to express a point in cartesian space.</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="token"
   restriction="(-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?,-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?)"/>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</dataSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

<dataSpec>

<dataSpec ident="teidata.pointer">
 <desc versionDate="2013-01-19"
  xml:lang="en">defines the range of
   attribute values used to provide a single URI, absolute or relative,
   pointing to some other resource, either within the current document
   or elsewhere.</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="anyURI"/>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

<dataRef>

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger"
   restriction="[0-9][0-9]?"/>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

<dataFacet>

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger">
   <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
    value="99"/>
   <dataFacet name="minInclusive" value="0"/>
  </dataRef>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

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<macroSpec>

<macroSpec> (macro specification) documents the function and implementation of a pattern. [23.3. Specification Elements 23.7. Macro Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.identified

@ident

@predeclare

@module

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

Member of

model.oddDecl

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: schemaSpec specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: altIdent constraintSpec content equiv exemplum listRef remarks valList

Example

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identSynonyms"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <alternate minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
   <elementRef key="content"/>
   <elementRef key="valList"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="constraintSpec"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="exemplum" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="remarks" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="listRef" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element macroSpec
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.identified.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   (
      ( model.identSynonyms | model.descLike )*,
      ( content | valList )?,
      constraintSpec*,
      exemplum*,
      remarks*,
      listRef*
   )
}

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Example: <macroSpec> (macro specification)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <macroSpec> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <macroSpec> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

<macroSpec>

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.5.4.1. Macros

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

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<remarks>

<remarks> (remarks) contains any commentary or discussion about the usage of an element, attribute, class, or entity not otherwise documented within the containing element. [23.5. Element Specifications 23.5.3. Attribute List Specification 23.6. Class Specifications 23.7. Macro Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

att.translatable

@versionDate

ident ident⚓︎
supplies the identifier by which the remarks may be referenced.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.name

Contained by

tagdocs: attDef classSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec valItem

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

Example

<remarks>
 <p>This element is probably redundant.</p>
</remarks>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element remarks
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   att.translatable.attributes,
   attribute ident { teidata.name }?,
   model.pLike+
}

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Example: <remarks> (remarks)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <remarks> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <remarks> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and
     any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly
     in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within
     the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>regroupe des éléments utilisés pour des segmentations arbitraires.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>Les principes selon lesquels la segmentation est effectuée, et tous les codes
     spéciaux ou toutes les valeurs d'attribut utilisées, devraient être définis
     explicitement dans l'élément<gi>segmentation</gi> de l'élément<gi>encodingDesc</gi>
     dans l'en-tête TEI associé.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>匯集用於隨機分割的元素</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and any special codes or attribute
     values used, should be defined explicitly in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the
  <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="core" ident="foreign">
<!--... -->
 <remarks>
  <p>This element is intended for use only where no other element is available to mark the phrase
     or words concerned. The global <att>xml:lang</att> attribute should be used in preference to
     this element where it is intended to mark the language of the whole of some text element.</p>
  <p>The <gi>distinct</gi> element may be used to identify phrases belonging to sublanguages or
     registers not generally regarded as true languages.</p>
 </remarks>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

<remarks>

<remarks>
 <p>This element is probably redundant.</p>
</remarks>

<remarks>

<remarks>
 <p>Cet élément est probablement superflu.</p>
</remarks>

<remarks>

<remarks>
 <p>此元素可能是多餘的</p>
</remarks>

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<attDef ident="columns">
 <gloss xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-06-12">columns</gloss>
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">specifies the number of columns per page</desc>
 <datatype minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="2">
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <remarks xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2017-07-09">
  <p>If a single number is given, all pages referenced
     have this number of columns. If two numbers are given,
     the number of columns per page varies between the
     values supplied. Where <att>columns</att> is omitted
     the number is assumed to be <val>1</val>.</p>
 </remarks>
</attDef>

<valItem>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="border">
  <desc>used to signify that there is border around a page.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-rule">
  <desc>used to signify that there is a border made of ruled lines.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-ornamental">
  <desc>used to signify that there is an ornamental border.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="catch">
  <gloss>catchword</gloss>
  <desc>for catch words.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="lineNum">
  <gloss>line number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed line numbers (usually in poetry).</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="listHead">
  <gloss>list heading</gloss>
  <desc>for headings of lists or similar constructs; often used in tables of contents for the
  <q>page</q> heading.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pageNum">
  <gloss>page number</gloss>
  <desc>for page numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pressFig">
  <gloss>press figure</gloss>
  <desc>for press figures. These are usually numbers, but are not sequential or regularly
     printed like signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="sig">
  <gloss>signature</gloss>
  <desc>for printed signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="unknown">
  <desc>for a metawork whose function you do not know.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="vol">
  <gloss>volume number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed volume numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="other">
  <desc>anything not covered by the above values.</desc>
  <remarks>
   <p>Used for an ornament, decorated tool line, or symbol(s) that is not officially a
       delimiter (and thus there is no element on which to put <val>pre()</val> or
   <val>post()</val>) but is used to fill space at the bottom of a page so that a
   <gi>floatingText</gi> or similar can start at the top of the next.</p>
  </remarks>
 </valItem>
</valList>

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<listRef>

<listRef> (list of references) supplies a list of significant references in the current document or elsewhere. [23.4.1. Description of Components 24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.ptrLike

Contained by

analysis: cl phr s span

cmc: post

core: abbr add addrLine analytic author bibl biblScope biblStruct cit citedRange corr date del desc distinct editor email emph expan foreign gloss head headItem headLabel hi item l label measure meeting mentioned monogr name note num orig p pubPlace publisher q quote rb ref reg relatedItem resp rs rt said series sic soCalled speaker stage street term textLang time title unclear unit

corpus: activity channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction locale preparedness purpose

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entry entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron re sense stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: actor camera caption castItem role roleDesc sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc notatedMusic

header: application authority catDesc change classCode correspContext creation distributor edition extent funder geoDecl handNote language licence principal publicationStmt rendition scriptNote sponsor tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions catchwords collation collection colophon condition custEvent decoNote explicit filiation finalRubric foliation heraldry incipit institution layout material musicNotation objectType origDate origPlace origin provenance repository rubric secFol signatures source stamp summary support surrogates typeNote watermark

namesdates: addName affiliation age birth bloc country death district education event eventName faith floruit forename genName gender geogFeat geogName langKnown nameLink nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName persName persPronouns person place placeName region residence roleName settlement sex socecStatus surname

nets: eLeaf eTree

spoken: transcriptionDesc u writing

tagdocs: classSpec dataSpec eg elementSpec listRef macroSpec moduleSpec schemaSpec specGrp valDesc

textcrit: lem rdg wit witDetail witness

textstructure: byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint imprimatur opener salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage fw metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: metSym rhyme

May contain

core: desc ptr ref

tagdocs: listRef

Note

When listRef is used in the context of tagdocs, further restrictons apply:

It may only contain ptr or ref elements.

Each ptr or ref child should bear a target attribute, the value of which should be a single URI pointer.

Example

<listRef>
 <ptr target="#ddc12"/>
</listRef>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="( tei:classSpec | tei:dataSpec | tei:elementSpec | tei:macroSpec | tei:moduleSpec | tei:schemaSpec | tei:specGrp )/tei:listRef">
<sch:report test="tei:listRef">In the context of tagset documentation, the listRef element must not self-nest.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="( tei:classSpec | tei:dataSpec | tei:elementSpec | tei:macroSpec | tei:moduleSpec | tei:schemaSpec | tei:specGrp )/tei:listRef/tei:ptr | ( tei:classSpec | tei:dataSpec | tei:elementSpec | tei:macroSpec | tei:moduleSpec | tei:schemaSpec | tei:specGrp )/tei:listRef/tei:ref">
<sch:assert test="@target and not( matches( @target,'\s') )">In the context of tagset documentation, each ptr or ref element inside a listRef must have a target attribute with only 1 pointer as its value.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="desc" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <classRef key="model.ptrLike"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element listRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( desc*, model.ptrLike+ )
}

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Example: <listRef> (list of references)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <listRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <listRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

23. Documentation Elements

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

<person>

<person age="G2" role="author"
 xml:id="W0212" sex="F">
 <birth when="1787"/>
 <death when="1855"/>
 <persName type="main">Mitford, Mary Russell (1787–1855)</persName>
 <persName resp="#Nicoll">MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL</persName>
 <listBibl type="lacyTitles">
  <desc>Lacy's Acting Editions</desc>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1280">Foscari</ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="lacy:L1337">Rienzi</ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
 <listRef type="seeAlso">
  <ref target="https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1386">ATCL</ref>
  <ref target="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18859">ODNB</ref>
  <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford">Wikipedia</ref>
  <ref target="https://digitalmitford.org">Digital Mitford</ref>
 </listRef>
</person>

23. Documentation Elements

23.4.1. Description of Components

<listRef>
 <ptr target="#COHQHF"/>
</listRef>

<listRef>

<listRef>
 <ptr target="#ddc12"/>
</listRef>

<listRef>

<listRef>
 <ptr target="#fr_ddc12"/>
</listRef>

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<exemplum>

<exemplum> (exemplum) groups an example demonstrating the use of an element along with optional paragraphs of commentary. [23.5. Element Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.translatable

@versionDate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Contained by

tagdocs: attDef classSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec

May contain

core: p

linking: ab

tagdocs: eg egXML

Example

<exemplum xml:lang="en">
 <p>The <gi>name</gi> element can be used for both personal names and place names:</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr.           Bennet</name>,</q> said his lady to him one day,           <q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield           Park</name> is let at last?</q>]]></eg>
 <p>As shown above, the <att>type</att> attribute may be used to distinguish the one from the
   other.</p>
</exemplum>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="egXML"/>
   <elementRef key="eg"/>
  </alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element exemplum
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.translatable.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   ( model.pLike*, ( egXML | eg ), model.pLike* )
}

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Example: <exemplum> (exemplum)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <exemplum> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <exemplum> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

<exemplum>

<exemplum xml:lang="en">
 <p>The <gi>name</gi> element can be used for both personal names and place names:</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr.           Bennet</name>,</q> said his lady to him one day,           <q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield           Park</name> is let at last?</q>]]></eg>
 <p>As shown above, the <att>type</att> attribute may be used to distinguish the one from the
   other.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>L'élément<gi>name</gi> est employé à la fois pour les noms propres de personne et de
   lieu : </p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve">             <q>               <name type="person">Mrs. Parker</name>, connaît un épicier bulgare, nommé, <name                 type="person">Popochef Rosenfeld</name>qui vient d'arriver de <name type="place"                 >Constantinople</name>. C'est un grand spécialiste en yaourts.</q>           </eg>
 <p>Comme il est indiqué ci-dessus, l'attribut<att>type</att> peut être utilisé pour
   distinguer un élément de l'autre.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>
  <gi>名稱</gi>元素可以同時用於人名以及地名：</p>
 <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[ <q>我親愛的 <name           type="person">班耐特</name>先生，</q> 有一天太太對他說，           <q>你聽到<name type="place">尼得斐莊園</name>           終於租出去了嗎？</q>]]></eg>
 <p>如上所示，<att>屬性值</att> 可用來分辨人名或地名。</p>
</exemplum>

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C Elements

<classes>

<classes> (classes) specifies all the classes of which the documented element or class is a member or subclass. [23.5. Element Specifications 23.6. Class Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

mode mode⚓︎
specifies the effect of this declaration on its parent module.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

change

this declaration changes the declaration of the same name in the current definition

replace

this declaration replaces the declaration of the same name in the current definition [Default]

Contained by

tagdocs: classSpec elementSpec

May contain

tagdocs: memberOf

Note

An empty classes element indicates that the element documented is not a member of any class. This should not generally happen.

Example

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.attributable"/>
 <memberOf key="att.declarable"/>
</classes>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This classes element indicates that the element documented (which may be an element or a class) is a member of two distinct classes: model.attributable and att.declarable.

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="memberOf" minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element classes
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute mode { "change" | "replace" }?,
   memberOf*
}

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Example: <classes> (classes)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <classes> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <classes> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs"
 xml:id="fr_Code" ident="code">
 <desc>contient le code littéral</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>la langue du code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and
     any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly
     in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within
     the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>regroupe des éléments utilisés pour des segmentations arbitraires.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>Les principes selon lesquels la segmentation est effectuée, et tous les codes
     spéciaux ou toutes les valeurs d'attribut utilisées, devraient être définis
     explicitement dans l'élément<gi>segmentation</gi> de l'élément<gi>encodingDesc</gi>
     dans l'en-tête TEI associé.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>匯集用於隨機分割的元素</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and any special codes or attribute
     values used, should be defined explicitly in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the
  <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

23.4.3. Classification of Components

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.phrase.xml"/>
</classes>

<classes>

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.attributable"/>
 <memberOf key="att.declarable"/>
</classes>

<classes>

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.attributable"/>
 <memberOf key="att.declarable"/>
</classes>

23.6. Class Specifications

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.hiLike"/>
</classes>

23.6. Class Specifications

<classSpec type="model"
 ident="model.hiLike">
 <desc>groups phrase-level elements related to highlighting that have no specific semantics </desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.highlighted"/>
 </classes>
</classSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
  <attList>
   <attRef class="att.global.source"
    name="source"/>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change" ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes mode="change">
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <classes mode="change">
  <memberOf key="att.declaring"
   mode="delete"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change" ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes mode="replace">
  <memberOf key="att.interpLike"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.5. Addition of New Elements

<elementSpec ident="myBibl" mode="add"
 ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.biblLike"/>
 </classes>
<!-- other parts of the new declaration here -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
<!-- ... -->
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="subtype" mode="delete"/>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec module="drama"
 ident="performance">
<!-- ... -->
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.frontPart.drama"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.common"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.5. Making a DTD

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="faith">
 <desc>specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.persStateLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.editLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.datable"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

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C Elements

<memberOf>

<memberOf> specifies class membership of the documented element or class. [23.4.3. Classification of Components]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

key key⚓︎
specifies the identifier for a class of which the documented element or class is a member or subclass.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.name

mode mode⚓︎
specifies the effect of this declaration on its parent module.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

add

this declaration is added to the current definitions [Default]

delete

this declaration and all of its children are removed from the current setup

max max⚓︎
supplies the maximum number of times the element can occur in elements which use this model class in their content model

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

min min⚓︎
supplies the minumum number of times the element must occur in elements which use this model class in their content model

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

Contained by

tagdocs: classes

May contain

gaiji: g

character data

Note

Elements or classes which are members of multiple (unrelated) classes will have more than one memberOf element, grouped by a classes element. If an element is a member of a class C1, which is itself a subclass of a class C2, there is no need to state this, other than in the documentation for class C1.

Any additional comment or explanation of the class membership may be provided as content for this element.

Example

<memberOf key="model.divLike"/>
<memberOf key="att.identified"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This element will appear in any content model which references model.divLike, and will have attributes defined in att.identified (in addition to any defined explicitly for this element).

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element memberOf
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute key { teidata.name }?,
   attribute mode { "add" | "delete" }?,
   attribute max { teidata.numeric }?,
   attribute min { teidata.numeric }?,
   macro.xtext
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <memberOf>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <memberOf> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <memberOf> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs"
 xml:id="fr_Code" ident="code">
 <desc>contient le code littéral</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>la langue du code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and
     any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly
     in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within
     the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>regroupe des éléments utilisés pour des segmentations arbitraires.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>Les principes selon lesquels la segmentation est effectuée, et tous les codes
     spéciaux ou toutes les valeurs d'attribut utilisées, devraient être définis
     explicitement dans l'élément<gi>segmentation</gi> de l'élément<gi>encodingDesc</gi>
     dans l'en-tête TEI associé.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model"
 ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>匯集用於隨機分割的元素</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and any special codes or attribute
     values used, should be defined explicitly in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the
  <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

23.4.3. Classification of Components

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.phrase.xml"/>
</classes>

<classes>

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.attributable"/>
 <memberOf key="att.declarable"/>
</classes>

<classes>

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.attributable"/>
 <memberOf key="att.declarable"/>
</classes>

<memberOf>

<memberOf key="model.divLike"/>
<memberOf key="att.identified"/>

<memberOf>

<memberOf key="model.divLike"/>
<memberOf key="att.identified"/>

<memberOf>

<memberOf key="model.divLike"/>
<memberOf key="att.identified"/>

23.6. Class Specifications

<classes>
 <memberOf key="model.hiLike"/>
</classes>

23.6. Class Specifications

<classSpec type="model"
 ident="model.hiLike">
 <desc>groups phrase-level elements related to highlighting that have no specific semantics </desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.highlighted"/>
 </classes>
</classSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
  <attList>
   <attRef class="att.global.source"
    name="source"/>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change" ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes mode="change">
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <classes mode="change">
  <memberOf key="att.declaring"
   mode="delete"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change" ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes mode="replace">
  <memberOf key="att.interpLike"/>
 </classes>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.5. Addition of New Elements

<elementSpec ident="myBibl" mode="add"
 ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.biblLike"/>
 </classes>
<!-- other parts of the new declaration here -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
<!-- ... -->
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="subtype" mode="delete"/>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec module="drama"
 ident="performance">
<!-- ... -->
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.frontPart.drama"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.common"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.5. Making a DTD

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="faith">
 <desc>specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.persStateLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.editLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.datable"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

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<equiv>

<equiv> (equivalent) specifies a component which is considered equivalent to the parent element, either by co-reference, or by external link. [3.4.1. Terms and Glosses 23.4.1. Description of Components]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.internetMedia

@mimeType

att.predicate

@predicate

name name⚓︎
a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name (see https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#dt-name), naming the underlying concept of which the parent is a representation.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.name

uri uri⚓︎
(uniform resource identifier) references the underlying concept of which the parent is a representation by means of some external identifier.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

filter filter⚓︎
references an external script which contains a method to transform instances of this element to canonical TEI.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Member of

model.identEquiv

Contained by

header: category taxonomy

linking: joinGrp

tagdocs: attDef classSpec constraintDecl constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec model modelGrp modelSequence moduleSpec paramSpec schemaSpec valItem

May contain
Empty element

Note

The mimeType attribute should be used to supply the MIME media type of the filter script specified by the filter attribute.

Example

The following example declares that the <bo> element is conceptually equivalent to the markup construct <hi rend='bold'>, and that an external definition of this concept is available from the URI indicated

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>bold typography</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element equiv
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.internetMedia.attributes,
   att.predicate.attributes,
   attribute name { teidata.name }?,
   attribute uri { teidata.pointer }?,
   attribute filter { teidata.pointer }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <equiv> (equivalent)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <equiv> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <equiv> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="death">
 <equiv name="E69"
  uri="http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/"/>
 <desc>
<!--... -->
 </desc>
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec ident="bo"
 ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
 <equiv filter="http://www.example.com/equiv-filter.xsl"
  mimeType="text/xsl" name="bold"/>
 <gloss>bold</gloss>
 <desc>contains a sequence of characters rendered in a bold face.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>bold typography</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>caractères gras</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>粗體印刷</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

att.predicate

<elementSpec ident="name" mode="change">
 <equiv name="PERSON"
  predicate="@type eq 'person'"
  uri="http://www.example.com/entities/person"/>
 <equiv name="PLACE"
  predicate="@type eq 'place'"
  uri="http://www.example.com/entities/place"/>
</elementSpec>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>douteux</gloss>
 <desc>utilisé quand l'emploi de cet élément est douteux ou incertain.</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious（無把握的）</gloss>
 <desc>適用於無法確定或對該元素的使用存疑時</desc>
</valItem>

24. Using the TEI

24.5.3. Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas

<elementSpec module="core" ident="head">
 <equiv/>
 <gloss>heading</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="fr">en-tête</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="es">encabezamiento</gloss>
 <gloss xml:lang="it">titolo</gloss>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<classSpec module="verse" type="atts"
 ident="att.enjamb">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="enjamb" usage="opt">
   <equiv/>
   <desc>indicates whether the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="open">
    <valItem ident="no">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is end-stopped </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="yes">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line in question runs on into the next </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="weak">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is weakly enjambed </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="strong">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is strongly enjambed</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<altIdent>

<altIdent> (alternate identifier) supplies the recommended XML name for an element, class, attribute, etc. in some language. [3.4.1. Terms and Glosses 23.4.1. Description of Components]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.typed

@type

@subtype

Member of

model.identSynonyms

Contained by

tagdocs: attDef classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec valItem

May contain

XSD NCName

Note

All documentation elements in ODD have a canonical name, supplied as the value for their ident attribute. The altIdent element is used to supply an alternative name for the corresponding XML object, perhaps in a different language.

Example

<altIdent xml:lang="fr">balisageDoc</altIdent>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="NCName"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element altIdent
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   xsd:NCName
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <altIdent> (alternate identifier)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <altIdent> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <altIdent> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec ident="abbr" mode="change">
 <altIdent xml:lang="de">Abkürzung</altIdent>
<!--...-->
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec ident="graphic" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="change" ident="url">
   <altIdent>href</altIdent>
  </attDef>
<!-- ... -->
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<altIdent>

<altIdent xml:lang="fr">balisageDoc</altIdent>

<altIdent>

<altIdent xml:lang="fr">balisageDoc</altIdent>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>douteux</gloss>
 <desc>utilisé quand l'emploi de cet élément est douteux ou incertain.</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious（無把握的）</gloss>
 <desc>適用於無法確定或對該元素的使用存疑時</desc>
</valItem>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.6. Renaming of Elements

<elementSpec ident="note" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <altIdent>nt</altIdent>
</elementSpec>

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<model>

<model> describes the processing intended for a specified element. [23.5.4.1. The TEI processing model]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.predicate

@predicate

behaviour behaviour⚓︎
names the process or function which this processing model uses in order to produce output.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

alternate

(default, alternate) support display of alternative visualisations, for example by displaying the preferred content, by displaying both in parallel, or by toggling between the two.

anchor

(id) create an identifiable anchor point in the output.

block

(content) create a block structure

body

(content) create the body of a document.

break

(type, label) create a line, column, or page break according to the value of type

cell

(content) create a table cell

cit

(content, source) show the content, with an indication of the source

document

(content) start a new output document

figure

(title) make a figure with the title as caption

glyph

(uri) show a character by looking up reference to a chardesc at the given URI

graphic

(url, width, height, scale, title) if url is present, uses it to display graphic, else display a placeholder image.

heading

(content, level) creates a heading.

index

(type) generate list according to type.

inline

(content, label) creates inline element out of content

link

(content, uri) create hyperlink

list

(content) create a list.

listItem

(content) create a list item.

metadata

(content) create metadata section

note

(content, place, label) create a note, often out of line, depending on the value of place; could be margin, footnote, endnote, inline

omit

do nothing, do not process children

paragraph

(content) create a paragraph out of content.

row

(content) create a table row

section

(content) create a new section of the output document

table

(content) create a table

text

(content) create literal text

title

(content) create document title

useSourceRendition useSourceRendition⚓︎
whether to obey any rendition attribute that is present.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Note

If the useSourceRendition attribute is not specified, or has the value false, any renditional information specified in the source document should be ignored.

output output⚓︎
the intended output.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

web

the output is intended for presentation in a web format

print

the output is intended for presentation in a print format

plain

the output is intended for presentation in a plain text format

Note

If the output attribute is not specified, this model is assumed to apply for all forms of output.

cssClass cssClass⚓︎
the name of a CSS class which should be associated with this element

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.name separated by whitespace

Contained by

tagdocs: elementSpec modelGrp modelSequence

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: equiv outputRendition param

Note

The intended output to be generated for a particular behaviour of a processing model may be documented in one or all of the three following ways. Firstly, the cssClass attribute may be used to specify the name of a CSS style in some associated CSS stylesheet which is to be applied to each occurrence of a specified element found (in a given context, for a specified output). Secondly, the attribute useSourceRendition may be used to indicate that the default rendition for occurrences of this element, as defined by a rendition element in the document header, should be applied. Thirdly, the styling to be applied may be specified explicitly as content of a child outputRendition element. When more than one of these options is used, they are understood to be combined in accordance with the rules for multiple declaration of the styling language used.

Example

<model behaviour="inline"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="quote">
 <model predicate="ancestor::p"
  behaviour="inline">
  <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
   xml:lang="en">If it's inside a paragraph then it's
     inline</desc>
 </model>
 <model predicate="not(ancestor::p)"
  behaviour="block">
  <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
   xml:lang="en">If it's not inside a paragraph then it is
     block level</desc>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<model predicate="parent::person"
 behaviour="inline">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">If it is a child of a person element, treat as
   inline</desc>
</model>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<model behaviour="inline">
 <outputRendition>font-weight:bold</outputRendition>
</model>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<model behaviour="inline" output="print"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<model predicate="ancestor::p"
 behaviour="inline">
 <param name="content" value="@n"/>
</model>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="date">
 <model output="print" predicate="text()"
  behaviour="inline"/>
 <model output="print"
  predicate="@when and not(text())" behaviour="inline">
  <param name="content" value="@when"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="@when" output="web"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="alternate" value="@when"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="choice">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="abbr and expan"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="expan"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="abbr"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="orig and reg"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="reg"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="orig"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron
It is ambigous to have 2 models that have both the same output and have no predicate (and thus select the same set of nodes).

<sch:rule context="tei:model[ not( parent::tei:modelSequence ) ][ not( @predicate ) ]">
<sch:let name="output"
 value="normalize-space( @output )"/>
<sch:report test="following-sibling::tei:model [ not( @predicate )] [ normalize-space( @output ) eq $output ]"> There are 2 (or more) 'model' elements in this '<sch:value-of select="local-name(..)"/>'
that have no predicate, but are targeted to the same output
("<sch:value-of select="( $output, parent::modelGrp/@output, 'all')[1]"/>")</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron
It is ambigous to have 2 models that have both the same output and the same predicate (and thus select the same set of nodes).

<sch:rule context="tei:model[ not( parent::tei:modelSequence ) ][ @predicate ]">
<sch:let name="predicate"
 value="normalize-space( @predicate )"/>
<sch:let name="output"
 value="normalize-space( @output )"/>
<sch:report test="following-sibling::tei:model [ normalize-space( @predicate ) eq $predicate ] [ normalize-space( @output ) eq $output ]"> There are 2 (or more) 'model' elements in this
'<sch:value-of select="local-name(..)"/>' that have
the same predicate, and are targeted to the same output
("<sch:value-of select="( $output, parent::modelGrp/@output, 'all')[1]"/>")</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identEquiv"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="param" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="outputRendition"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element model
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.predicate.attributes,
   attribute behaviour
   {
      "alternate"
    | "anchor"
    | "block"
    | "body"
    | "break"
    | "cell"
    | "cit"
    | "document"
    | "figure"
    | "glyph"
    | "graphic"
    | "heading"
    | "index"
    | "inline"
    | "link"
    | "list"
    | "listItem"
    | "metadata"
    | "note"
    | "omit"
    | "paragraph"
    | "row"
    | "section"
    | "table"
    | "text"
    | "title"
    | teidata.enumerated
   },
   attribute useSourceRendition { teidata.truthValue }?,
   attribute output { teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute cssClass { list { teidata.name+ } }?,
   ( ( model.identEquiv | model.descLike )*, param*, outputRendition* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <model>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <model> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <model> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.4.2. Output Rendition

<model behaviour="inline">
 <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
</model>

23.5.4.2. Output Rendition

<model behaviour="inline"
 useSourceRendition="true"/>

23.5.4.2. Output Rendition

<model behaviour="inline"
 useSourceRendition="true">
 <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
</model>

23.5.4.3. CSS Class

<elementSpec ident="list" mode="change">
 <model predicate="label" behaviour="list"
  cssClass="labeled-list">
<!-- ... -->
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.3. CSS Class

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="table">
<!-- Preserve original rendition for tables which contain @rendition hints -->
 <model predicate=".//row/@rendition or .//cell/@rendition"
  behaviour="table" useSourceRendition="true"/>
<!-- Use bootstrap for default table styling -->
 <model behaviour="table"
  useSourceRendition="true"
  cssClass="table table-hover table-bordered"/>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.4. Model Contexts and Outputs

<elementSpec ident="quote" mode="change">
 <model predicate="ancestor::p"
  behaviour="inline">
  <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block">
  <outputRendition>left-margin: 2em;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.4. Model Contexts and Outputs

<modelGrp output="mobile">
 <model behaviour="inline"
  predicate="@rend='inline'">
  <outputRendition>font-size: 7pt;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block"
  predicate="@rend='block'">
  <outputRendition>text-color: red;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</modelGrp>
<modelGrp output="print">
 <model behaviour="inline"
  predicate="@rend='inline'">
  <outputRendition>font-size: 12pt;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block"
  useSourceRendition="true" predicate="@rend='block'">
  <outputRendition>text-align: center;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</modelGrp>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="ref" mode="add">
 <model behaviour="link">
  <param name="uri" value="@target"/>
  <param name="content" value="."/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default"
   value="corr[@cert='high']"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="sic and corr"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default"
    value="corr[@cert='high']"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
  </model>
  <model predicate="abbr and expan"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default" value="expan[1]"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="abbr"/>
  </model>
  <model predicate="orig and reg"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default" value="reg"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="orig"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.6. Outputs

<elementSpec ident="date" mode="change">
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="text()"
   behaviour="inline"/>
  <model predicate="@when and not(text())"
   behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@when"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <model output="web" predicate="@when"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="."/>
  <param name="alternate" value="@when"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.7. Model sequence

<elementSpec ident="note" mode="change">
 <modelSequence output="print">
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="footnote">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.9. Implementation of Processing Models

<model behaviour="inline"
 predicate="parent::list">
 <desc versionDate="2015-03-02"
  xml:lang="en">Model for list headings</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</model>
<model behaviour="heading">
 <desc versionDate="2016-03-02"
  xml:lang="en">Default model for all headings.</desc>
<!-- ... -->
</model>

<model>

<model behaviour="inline"/>

<model>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="quote">
 <model predicate="ancestor::p"
  behaviour="inline">
  <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
   xml:lang="en">If it's inside a paragraph then it's
     inline</desc>
 </model>
 <model predicate="not(ancestor::p)"
  behaviour="block">
  <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
   xml:lang="en">If it's not inside a paragraph then it is
     block level</desc>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<model>

<model predicate="parent::person"
 behaviour="inline">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">If it is a child of a person element, treat as
   inline</desc>
</model>

<model>

<model behaviour="inline">
 <outputRendition>font-weight:bold</outputRendition>
</model>

<model>

<model behaviour="inline" output="print"/>

<model>

<model predicate="ancestor::p"
 behaviour="inline">
 <param name="content" value="@n"/>
</model>

<model>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="date">
 <model output="print" predicate="text()"
  behaviour="inline"/>
 <model output="print"
  predicate="@when and not(text())" behaviour="inline">
  <param name="content" value="@when"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="@when" output="web"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="alternate" value="@when"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<model>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="choice">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="abbr and expan"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="expan"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="abbr"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="orig and reg"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="reg"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="orig"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<modelSequence>

<modelGrp output="print">
 <modelSequence>
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="footnote">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</modelGrp>

<modelGrp>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="abbr">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="ancestor::front"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition>font-style:italic; </outputRendition>
  </model>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition scope="before">content: ' ('</outputRendition>
   <outputRendition scope="after">content: ')'</outputRendition>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

<modelGrp>

<modelGrp output="print">
 <modelSequence>
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</modelGrp>

<outputRendition>

<model predicate="ancestor::p"
 behaviour="inline">
 <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
</model>
<model behaviour="block">
 <outputRendition>left-margin: 2em;</outputRendition>
</model>

<param>

<elementSpec ident="choice">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<param>

<elementSpec ident="graphic" mode="change">
 <model behaviour="graphic">
  <param name="url" value="@url"/>
  <param name="width" value="@width"/>
  <param name="height" value="@height"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

att.predicate

<model predicate="parent::person"
 behaviour="inline">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">If it is a child of a person element, treat as inline</desc>
</model>

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C Elements

<modelSequence>

<modelSequence> any sequence of model or modelSequence elements which is to be processed as a single set of actions. [23.5.4.7. Model sequence]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

predicate predicate⚓︎
the condition under which this model applies given as an XPath Predicate Expression.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xpath

useSourceRendition useSourceRendition⚓︎
whether to obey any rendition attribute that is present.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

output output⚓︎
the intended output method.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

web

the output is intended for presentation in a web format

print

the output is intended for presentation in a print format

plaintext

the output is intended for presentation in a plain text format

Contained by

tagdocs: elementSpec modelGrp

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: equiv model

Note

All of the model elements inside a modelSequence element must be processed. The operations indicated by each model child cannot be dependent on any other operation in the sequence. The results must be rendered in the order given by the list of models in the modelSequence.

Example

<modelGrp output="print">
 <modelSequence>
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="footnote">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</modelGrp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:modelSequence">
<sch:report test="tei:model[@output]"
 role="warning">The 'model' children
of a 'modelSequence' element inherit the @output attribute of the
parent 'modelSequence', and thus should not have their own</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identEquiv"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="model" minOccurs="2"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element modelSequence
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute predicate { teidata.xpath }?,
   attribute useSourceRendition { teidata.truthValue }?,
   attribute output { "web" | "print" | "plaintext" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( ( model.identEquiv | model.descLike )*, ( model, model, model* ) )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <modelSequence>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <modelSequence> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <modelSequence> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.4.7. Model sequence

<elementSpec ident="note" mode="change">
 <modelSequence output="print">
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="footnote">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</elementSpec>

<modelSequence>

<modelGrp output="print">
 <modelSequence>
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="footnote">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</modelGrp>

<modelGrp>

<modelGrp output="print">
 <modelSequence>
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</modelGrp>

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<modelGrp>

<modelGrp> (model group) any grouping of model or modelSequence elements with a common output method. [23.5.4.4. Model Contexts and Outputs]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

useSourceRendition useSourceRendition⚓︎
whether to obey any rendition attribute which is present.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

output output⚓︎
the intended output method.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

web

the output is intended for presentation in a web format

print

the output is intended for presentation in a print format

plaintext

the output is intended for presentation in a plain text format

Contained by

tagdocs: elementSpec

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: equiv model modelSequence outputRendition

Note

The child model elements of a modelGrp are always processed independently.

Example

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="abbr">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="ancestor::front"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition>font-style:italic; </outputRendition>
  </model>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition scope="before">content: ' ('</outputRendition>
   <outputRendition scope="after">content: ')'</outputRendition>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<modelGrp output="print">
 <modelSequence>
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</modelGrp>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identEquiv"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="outputRendition"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="modelSequence"/>
   <elementRef key="model"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element modelGrp
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute useSourceRendition { teidata.truthValue }?,
   attribute output { "web" | "print" | "plaintext" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   (
      ( model.identEquiv | model.descLike )*,
      outputRendition?,
      ( modelSequence | model )+
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <modelGrp> (model group)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <modelGrp> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <modelGrp> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.4.4. Model Contexts and Outputs

<modelGrp output="mobile">
 <model behaviour="inline"
  predicate="@rend='inline'">
  <outputRendition>font-size: 7pt;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block"
  predicate="@rend='block'">
  <outputRendition>text-color: red;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</modelGrp>
<modelGrp output="print">
 <model behaviour="inline"
  predicate="@rend='inline'">
  <outputRendition>font-size: 12pt;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block"
  useSourceRendition="true" predicate="@rend='block'">
  <outputRendition>text-align: center;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</modelGrp>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="sic and corr"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default"
    value="corr[@cert='high']"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
  </model>
  <model predicate="abbr and expan"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default" value="expan[1]"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="abbr"/>
  </model>
  <model predicate="orig and reg"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default" value="reg"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="orig"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.6. Outputs

<elementSpec ident="date" mode="change">
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="text()"
   behaviour="inline"/>
  <model predicate="@when and not(text())"
   behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@when"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <model output="web" predicate="@when"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="."/>
  <param name="alternate" value="@when"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<modelSequence>

<modelGrp output="print">
 <modelSequence>
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="footnote">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</modelGrp>

<modelGrp>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="abbr">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="ancestor::front"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition>font-style:italic; </outputRendition>
  </model>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition scope="before">content: ' ('</outputRendition>
   <outputRendition scope="after">content: ')'</outputRendition>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

<modelGrp>

<modelGrp output="print">
 <modelSequence>
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</modelGrp>

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C Elements

<outputRendition>

<outputRendition> describes the rendering or appearance intended for all occurrences of an element in a specified context for a specified type of output. [23.5.4.2. Output Rendition ]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

scope scope⚓︎
provides a way of defining ‘pseudo-elements’, that is, styling rules applicable to specific sub-portions of an element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

first-line

styling applies to the first line of the target element.

first-letter

styling applies to the first character of the target element.

before

styling should be applied immediately before the content of the target element.

after

styling should be applied immediately after the content of the target element.

Member of

model.oddDecl

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: model modelGrp schemaSpec specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain
Character data only

Note

This component of an element specification describes the rendering or appearance intended for all occurrences of the element in a specified context for a specified type of output. The rendition element, by contrast, describes the actual rendering or appearance of all occurrences of the specified element in a source document. The useSourceRendition attribute may however be used to indicate that formatting information provided by a rendition element is to be combined with any provided by an outputRendition element.

It is strongly recommended that the W3C Cascading Stylesheet language (CSS2 or later) be used to express the required formatting information.

Example

<model predicate="ancestor::p"
 behaviour="inline">
 <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
</model>
<model behaviour="block">
 <outputRendition>left-margin: 2em;</outputRendition>
</model>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element outputRendition
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute scope { teidata.enumerated }?,
   text
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <outputRendition>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <outputRendition> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <outputRendition> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.4.2. Output Rendition

<model behaviour="inline">
 <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
</model>

23.5.4.2. Output Rendition

<model behaviour="inline"
 useSourceRendition="true">
 <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
</model>

23.5.4.4. Model Contexts and Outputs

<elementSpec ident="quote" mode="change">
 <model predicate="ancestor::p"
  behaviour="inline">
  <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block">
  <outputRendition>left-margin: 2em;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.4. Model Contexts and Outputs

<modelGrp output="mobile">
 <model behaviour="inline"
  predicate="@rend='inline'">
  <outputRendition>font-size: 7pt;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block"
  predicate="@rend='block'">
  <outputRendition>text-color: red;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</modelGrp>
<modelGrp output="print">
 <model behaviour="inline"
  predicate="@rend='inline'">
  <outputRendition>font-size: 12pt;</outputRendition>
 </model>
 <model behaviour="block"
  useSourceRendition="true" predicate="@rend='block'">
  <outputRendition>text-align: center;</outputRendition>
 </model>
</modelGrp>

<model>

<model behaviour="inline">
 <outputRendition>font-weight:bold</outputRendition>
</model>

<modelGrp>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="abbr">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="ancestor::front"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition>font-style:italic; </outputRendition>
  </model>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition scope="before">content: ' ('</outputRendition>
   <outputRendition scope="after">content: ')'</outputRendition>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

<outputRendition>

<model predicate="ancestor::p"
 behaviour="inline">
 <outputRendition>font-style: italic;</outputRendition>
</model>
<model behaviour="block">
 <outputRendition>left-margin: 2em;</outputRendition>
</model>

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C Elements

<paramList>

<paramList> list of parameter specifications. [23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters 23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

tagdocs: valItem

May contain

tagdocs: paramSpec

Note

The paramList element provides a a mechanism to document parameter specifications using child paramSpec elements.

Example

<valItem ident="alternate">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">create a specialized display of alternating elements for displaying the preferred version and an alternative, both at once or by some method of toggling between the two.</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="default">
   <desc>preferred content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="alternate">
   <desc>alternate content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded" key="paramSpec"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element paramList
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   paramSpec*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <paramList>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <paramList> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <paramList> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model

<valItem ident="link">
 <desc>create a hyperlink</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="content">
   <desc>supplies the location of some content describing the link</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="uri">
   <desc>supplies the location of the intended hyperlink</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model

<valItem ident="alternate">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">support display of alternative visualisations, for
   example by displaying the preferred content, by displaying both in parallel, or by toggling
   between the two.</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="default">
   <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
    xml:lang="en">supplies the location of the preferred
       content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="alternate">
   <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
    xml:lang="en">supplies the location of the alternative
       content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

<paramList>

<valItem ident="alternate">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">create a specialized display of alternating elements for displaying the preferred version and an alternative, both at once or by some method of toggling between the two.</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="default">
   <desc>preferred content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="alternate">
   <desc>alternate content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

<paramSpec>

<valItem ident="link">
 <desc>create a hyperlink</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="content">
   <desc>supplies the location of some content describing the link</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="link">
   <desc>supplies the location of the intended URL</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

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<paramSpec>

<paramSpec> supplies specification for one parameter of a model behaviour. [23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.identified

@ident

@predeclare

@module

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

Contained by

tagdocs: paramList

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: equiv

Note

Where a model behaviour uses more than one parameter, individual paramSpec elements should be grouped together using a paramList element, as above. Parameter specifications are provided within the valItem used to define a particular behaviour, which forms part of the specification of a model element's behaviour attribute. In the example above, the behaviour link has two parameters: content and link.

Using a desc element within a paramSpec is optional but recommended practice.

Example

<valItem ident="link">
 <desc>create a hyperlink</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="content">
   <desc>supplies the location of some content describing the link</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="link">
   <desc>supplies the location of the intended URL</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <classRef key="model.identEquiv"/>
  <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element paramSpec
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.identified.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   ( model.identEquiv | model.descLike )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <paramSpec>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <paramSpec> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <paramSpec> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model

<valItem ident="link">
 <desc>create a hyperlink</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="content">
   <desc>supplies the location of some content describing the link</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="uri">
   <desc>supplies the location of the intended hyperlink</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model

<valItem ident="alternate">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">support display of alternative visualisations, for
   example by displaying the preferred content, by displaying both in parallel, or by toggling
   between the two.</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="default">
   <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
    xml:lang="en">supplies the location of the preferred
       content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="alternate">
   <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
    xml:lang="en">supplies the location of the alternative
       content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

<paramList>

<valItem ident="alternate">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">create a specialized display of alternating elements for displaying the preferred version and an alternative, both at once or by some method of toggling between the two.</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="default">
   <desc>preferred content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="alternate">
   <desc>alternate content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

<paramSpec>

<valItem ident="link">
 <desc>create a hyperlink</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="content">
   <desc>supplies the location of some content describing the link</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="link">
   <desc>supplies the location of the intended URL</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

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<param>

<param> provides a parameter for a model behaviour by supplying its name and an XPath expression identifying the location of its content. [23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

name name⚓︎
a name for the parameter being supplied.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

alternate

when used with behaviour alternate, a parameter of this name supplies one of the pair of possible values; for example the regularized form rather than the original form within a choice element.

default

when used with behaviour alternate, a parameter of this name supplies one of the pair of possible values; for example the original form rather than the regularized form within a choice element.

height

when used with behaviour graphic, a parameter of this name supplies a value for the height of the graphic e.g. ‘300px’, ‘50%’.

id

a parameter of this name should supply a unique identifier for the element being processed; as for example with the anchor behaviour

label

a parameter of this name should supply an expression to be used to label something, for example concat('Page ', @n) for a page beginning or @n for a footnote reference; typically used with the note or break behaviours

level

when used with the heading behaviour, a parameter of this name supplies a positive integer indicating the hierarchic level of a heading.

link

when used with the link behaviour, a parameter of this name should supply a URL to be used as the target of a link.

place

when used with the note behaviour, a parameter of this name should provide a string which describes the intended placement of some text; typical values include ‘margin’, ‘footnote’, ‘endnote’, ‘inline’, ‘bottom’

type

a parameter of this name can be used to categorize the specified behaviour in any way; for example the kind of break (when used with the break behaviour) or the kind of index to be generated (if used with the index behaviour) etc.

url

when used with behaviour graphic, a parameter of this name supplies a a URL indicating the graphic intended.

width

when used with behaviour graphic, a parameter of this name supplies a value for the width of the graphic e.g. ‘400px’, ‘70%’.

value value⚓︎
supplies an XPath expression which when evaluated provides the value for the parameter

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.xpath

Contained by

tagdocs: model

May contain
Empty element

Note

An implementation may require parameters other than those listed here, and is not required to follow this partial specification.

The names and datatypes of the expected parameters should be documented in the corresponding customization using a paramSpec element. Literal strings provided in an XPath expression should be quoted.

Example

In this example, which will be processed for a choice element which has both sic and corr child elements, the default parameter will provide the value of the child corr element, and the alternate parameter will provide that of the child sic elements. If neither param element was supplied, both elements would still be available to an application, but the application would need to distinguish them for itself.

<elementSpec ident="choice">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<elementSpec ident="graphic" mode="change">
 <model behaviour="graphic">
  <param name="url" value="@url"/>
  <param name="width" value="@width"/>
  <param name="height" value="@height"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element param
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute name
   {
      "alternate"
    | "default"
    | "height"
    | "id"
    | "label"
    | "level"
    | "link"
    | "place"
    | "type"
    | "url"
    | "width"
    | teidata.enumerated
   },
   attribute value { teidata.xpath },
   empty
}

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Example: <param>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <param> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <param> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="ref" mode="add">
 <model behaviour="link">
  <param name="uri" value="@target"/>
  <param name="content" value="."/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default"
   value="corr[@cert='high']"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.5. Behaviours and their parameters

<elementSpec ident="choice" mode="change">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="sic and corr"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default"
    value="corr[@cert='high']"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
  </model>
  <model predicate="abbr and expan"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default" value="expan[1]"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="abbr"/>
  </model>
  <model predicate="orig and reg"
   behaviour="alternate">
   <param name="default" value="reg"/>
   <param name="alternate" value="orig"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.6. Outputs

<elementSpec ident="date" mode="change">
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="text()"
   behaviour="inline"/>
  <model predicate="@when and not(text())"
   behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@when"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <model output="web" predicate="@when"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="."/>
  <param name="alternate" value="@when"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

23.5.4.7. Model sequence

<elementSpec ident="note" mode="change">
 <modelSequence output="print">
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="footnote">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</elementSpec>

<model>

<model predicate="ancestor::p"
 behaviour="inline">
 <param name="content" value="@n"/>
</model>

<model>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="date">
 <model output="print" predicate="text()"
  behaviour="inline"/>
 <model output="print"
  predicate="@when and not(text())" behaviour="inline">
  <param name="content" value="@when"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="@when" output="web"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="alternate" value="@when"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<model>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="choice">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="abbr and expan"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="expan"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="abbr"/>
 </model>
 <model predicate="orig and reg"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="reg"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="orig"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<modelSequence>

<modelGrp output="print">
 <modelSequence>
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="footnote">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</modelGrp>

<modelGrp>

<elementSpec mode="change" ident="abbr">
 <modelGrp output="web">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="ancestor::front"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition>font-style:italic; </outputRendition>
  </model>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="inline">
   <outputRendition scope="before">content: ' ('</outputRendition>
   <outputRendition scope="after">content: ')'</outputRendition>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
 <modelGrp output="print">
  <model predicate="parent::choice"
   behaviour="omit"/>
  <model predicate="not(parent::choice)"
   behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelGrp>
</elementSpec>

<modelGrp>

<modelGrp output="print">
 <modelSequence>
  <model behaviour="inline">
   <param name="content" value="@n"/>
  </model>
  <model behaviour="note">
   <param name="place" value="'foot'"/>
  </model>
 </modelSequence>
</modelGrp>

<param>

<elementSpec ident="choice">
 <model predicate="sic and corr"
  behaviour="alternate">
  <param name="default" value="corr"/>
  <param name="alternate" value="sic"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

<param>

<elementSpec ident="graphic" mode="change">
 <model behaviour="graphic">
  <param name="url" value="@url"/>
  <param name="width" value="@width"/>
  <param name="height" value="@height"/>
 </model>
</elementSpec>

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<content>

<content> (content model) contains a declaration of the intended content model for the element (or other construct) being specified. [23.5. Element Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

autoPrefix autoPrefix⚓︎
controls whether or not pattern names generated in the corresponding RELAX NG schema source are automatically prefixed to avoid potential nameclashes.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Legal values are:

true

Each name referenced in e.g. an <rng:ref> element within a content model is automatically prefixed by the value of the prefix attribute on the current schemaSpec [Default]

false

No prefixes are added: any prefix required by the value of the prefix attribute on the current schemaSpec must therefore be supplied explicitly, as appropriate.

Contained by

tagdocs: dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec moduleRef

May contain
ANY

Note

It is required that the content element has only one child element. If several RELAX NG elements are desired, they must be wrapped in a <rng:div>.

Example

This sample content element indicates that the element being specified has no content:

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

This content element defines a content model, expressed directly in the TEI ODD language, that allows either a sequence of paragraphs or a series of msItem elements optionally preceded by a summary:

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="msItem"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

This sample content element defines a content model, expressed in the RELAX NG schema language, that allows either a sequence of paragraphs or a series of msItem elements optionally preceded by a summary:

<content>
 <rng:choice>
  <rng:oneOrMore>
   <rng:ref name="model.pLike"/>
  </rng:oneOrMore>
  <rng:group>
   <rng:optional>
    <rng:ref name="summary"/>
   </rng:optional>
   <rng:oneOrMore>
    <rng:ref name="msItem"/>
   </rng:oneOrMore>
  </rng:group>
 </rng:choice>
</content>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="valList" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="1"/>
  <classRef key="model.contentPart"
   minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
  <anyElement minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"
   require="http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0 http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element content
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute autoPrefix { "true" | "false" }?,
   ( valList | model.contentPart | anyElement_content_3 )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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Example: <content> (content model)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <content> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <content> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<desc>

<dataSpec module="tei"
 ident="teidata.point">
 <desc versionDate="2010-10-17"
  xml:lang="en">defines the data type used to express a point in cartesian space.</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="token"
   restriction="(-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?,-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?)"/>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</dataSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs"
 xml:id="fr_Code" ident="code">
 <desc>contient le code littéral</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>la langue du code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<dataSpec>

<dataSpec ident="teidata.pointer">
 <desc versionDate="2013-01-19"
  xml:lang="en">defines the range of
   attribute values used to provide a single URI, absolute or relative,
   pointing to some other resource, either within the current document
   or elsewhere.</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="anyURI"/>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

<macroSpec>

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="ptr" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="ref" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="ptr"/>
  <elementRef key="ref"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="sic"/>
   <elementRef key="corr"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="orig"/>
   <elementRef key="reg"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="abbr"/>
   <elementRef key="expan"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="street"/>
   <elementRef key="placeName"/>
   <elementRef key="postCode"/>
   <elementRef key="country" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
  </sequence>
  <elementRef key="addrLine" minOccurs="2"
   maxOccurs="4"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.2. Defining Content Models: RELAX NG

<content>
 <rng:text/>
</content>

23.5.1.2. Defining Content Models: RELAX NG

<content>
 <rng:group>
  <rng:ref name="fileDesc"/>
  <rng:zeroOrMore>
   <rng:ref name="model.teiHeaderPart"/>
  </rng:zeroOrMore>
  <rng:optional>
   <rng:ref name="revisionDesc"/>
  </rng:optional>
 </rng:group>
</content>

23.5.1.2. Defining Content Models: RELAX NG

<content autoPrefix="false">
 <rng:choice>
  <rng:ref name="TEI_ident"/>
  <rng:ref name="ident"/>
 </rng:choice>
</content>

23.6. Class Specifications

<content>
 <classRef key="model.hiLike"/>
</content>

23.6. Class Specifications

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="it"/>
  <elementRef key="bo"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.6. Class Specifications

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="it"/>
  <elementRef key="bo"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

<content>

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

<content>

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="msItem"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

<content>

<content>
 <rng:choice>
  <rng:oneOrMore>
   <rng:ref name="model.pLike"/>
  </rng:oneOrMore>
  <rng:group>
   <rng:optional>
    <rng:ref name="summary"/>
   </rng:optional>
   <rng:oneOrMore>
    <rng:ref name="msItem"/>
   </rng:oneOrMore>
  </rng:group>
 </rng:choice>
</content>

<content>

<content>
 <rng:choice>
  <rng:oneOrMore>
   <rng:ref name="model.pLike"/>
  </rng:oneOrMore>
  <rng:group>
   <rng:optional>
    <rng:ref name="summary"/>
   </rng:optional>
   <rng:oneOrMore>
    <rng:ref name="msItem"/>
   </rng:oneOrMore>
  </rng:group>
 </rng:choice>
</content>

<content>

<content>
 <rng:choice>
  <rng:oneOrMore>
   <rng:ref name="model.pLike"/>
  </rng:oneOrMore>
  <rng:group>
   <rng:optional>
    <rng:ref name="summary"/>
   </rng:optional>
   <rng:oneOrMore>
    <rng:ref name="msItem"/>
   </rng:oneOrMore>
  </rng:group>
 </rng:choice>
</content>

<sequence>

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="name"/>
   <elementRef key="persName"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="placeName" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="5"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

<alternate>

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="name"/>
  <elementRef key="persName"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

<dataRef>

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger"
   restriction="[0-9][0-9]?"/>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

<dataFacet>

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger">
   <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
    value="99"/>
   <dataFacet name="minInclusive" value="0"/>
  </dataRef>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

<textNode>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="seg"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

<anyElement>

<content>
 <anyElement except="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"/>
</content>

<anyElement>

<content>
 <anyElement minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"
  require="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples/1.0"/>
</content>

<anyElement>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <anyElement require="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples/1.0"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

<empty>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <empty/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="teistructure"/>
 <elementSpec ident="head" mode="change">
  <content>
   <macroRef key="macro.xtext"/>
  </content>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

23.8.2. Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules

<moduleRef url="svg11.rng">
 <content>
  <rng:define name="TEI_model.graphicLike"
   combine="choice">
   <rng:ref name="svg"/>
  </rng:define>
 </content>
</moduleRef>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.2. Modification of Content Models

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
</content>

24.3.1.2. Modification of Content Models

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="person">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.personPart"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="figure">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <elementRef key="figure"/>
   <elementRef key="figDesc"/>
   <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec module="drama"
 ident="performance">
<!-- ... -->
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.frontPart.drama"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.common"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
    <elementRef key="speaker"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.1. Macros

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

24.5.5. Making a DTD

<elementSpec module="namesdates"
 ident="faith">
 <desc>specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person.</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.persStateLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.editLike"/>
  <memberOf key="att.datable"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq"/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<sequence>

<sequence> indicates that the constructs referenced by its children form a sequence. [23.5.1. Defining Content Models]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.repeatable

@minOccurs

@maxOccurs

preserveOrder preserveOrder⚓︎
if false, indicates that component elements of a sequence may occur in any order.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Member of

model.contentPart

Contained by

tagdocs: alternate content sequence

May contain

tagdocs: alternate anyElement classRef dataRef elementRef empty macroRef sequence textNode

Example

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="name"/>
   <elementRef key="persName"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="placeName" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="5"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This example content model matches a sequence consisting of either a name or a persName followed by nothing, or by a sequence of up to five placeName elements.

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:sequence">
<sch:assert test="count(*) gt 1">The sequence element must have at least two child elements</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <classRef key="model.contentPart"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element sequence
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.repeatable.attributes,
   attribute preserveOrder { teidata.truthValue }?,
   model.contentPart+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <sequence>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <sequence> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <sequence> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="sic"/>
   <elementRef key="corr"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="orig"/>
   <elementRef key="reg"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="abbr"/>
   <elementRef key="expan"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="street"/>
   <elementRef key="placeName"/>
   <elementRef key="postCode"/>
   <elementRef key="country" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
  </sequence>
  <elementRef key="addrLine" minOccurs="2"
   maxOccurs="4"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.6. Class Specifications

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="it"/>
  <elementRef key="bo"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

<content>

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="msItem"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

<sequence>

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="name"/>
   <elementRef key="persName"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="placeName" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="5"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

24. Using the TEI

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec module="drama"
 ident="performance">
<!-- ... -->
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.frontPart.drama"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.common"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
    <elementRef key="speaker"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec ident="sp">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"
    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

<alternate>

<alternate> indicates that the constructs referenced by its children form an alternation. [23.5.1. Defining Content Models]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.repeatable

@minOccurs

@maxOccurs

Member of

model.contentPart

Contained by

tagdocs: alternate content sequence

May contain

tagdocs: alternate anyElement classRef dataRef elementRef empty macroRef sequence textNode valList

Example

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="name"/>
  <elementRef key="persName"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This example content model permits either a name or a persName.

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:alternate">
<sch:assert test="count(*) gt 1">The alternate element must have at least two child elements</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="valList"/>
  <classRef key="model.contentPart"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element alternate
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.repeatable.attributes,
   ( valList | model.contentPart )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <alternate>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <alternate> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <alternate> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

<macroSpec>

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="ptr" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="ref" minOccurs="1"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="ptr"/>
  <elementRef key="ref"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="sic"/>
   <elementRef key="corr"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="orig"/>
   <elementRef key="reg"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="abbr"/>
   <elementRef key="expan"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.5.1.1. Defining Content Models: TEI

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="street"/>
   <elementRef key="placeName"/>
   <elementRef key="postCode"/>
   <elementRef key="country" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
  </sequence>
  <elementRef key="addrLine" minOccurs="2"
   maxOccurs="4"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

23.6. Class Specifications

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="it"/>
  <elementRef key="bo"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

<content>

<content>
 <alternate>
  <classRef key="model.pLike"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="summary" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="1"/>
   <elementRef key="msItem"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

<sequence>

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="name"/>
   <elementRef key="persName"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="placeName" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="5"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

<alternate>

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="name"/>
  <elementRef key="persName"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

<textNode>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="seg"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

<anyElement>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <anyElement require="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples/1.0"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

<empty>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <empty/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

24. Using the TEI

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="person">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate>
   <classRef key="model.pLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.personPart"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="figure">
<!-- ... -->
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.pLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
   <elementRef key="figure"/>
   <elementRef key="figDesc"/>
   <classRef key="model.graphicLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.headLike"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.2. Generating Schemas

<elementSpec module="drama"
 ident="performance">
<!-- ... -->
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.frontPart.drama"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <sequence>
   <alternate minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divTop"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"/>
   </alternate>
   <sequence minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.common"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.divBottom"/>
    <classRef key="model.global"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
  </sequence>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.1. Macros

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

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<constraintDecl>

<constraintDecl> (constraint declaration) contains declarations pertaining to formal constraints expressed elsewhere in constraintSpec elements [23.5.2. Additional Constraints]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

scheme scheme⚓︎
supplies the name of the language to which the declarations herein apply

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

schematron

(ISO Schematron)

Note

The declarations contained in a particular constraintDecl (including queryBinding, if present) apply to the constraintSpec elements whose scheme matches the scheme of the constraintDecl.

queryBinding queryBinding⚓︎
(query language binding) specifies the query language binding for rule-based schema expressions in constraintSpec elements that have a matching scheme attribute

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

exslt

stx

xslt

xslt2

xslt3

xpath

xpath2

xpath3

xpath31

xquery

xquery3

xquery31

Note

The suggested values above are the values reserved by the Schematron specification. Only exslt, stx, xslt, xslt2, xslt3, xpath2, and xpath3 are defined by the specification. Most processors only support one or more of xslt, xslt2, and xslt3.

Member of

model.encodingDescPart

Contained by

header: encodingDesc

tagdocs: schemaSpec

May contain
ANY

Example

<constraintDecl scheme="schematron"
 queryBinding="xslt3"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <sch:ns prefix="wwp"
  uri="http://www.wwp.northeastern.edu/ns/textbase"/>
</constraintDecl>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="/*[ count( //tei:constraintDecl ) gt 1 ]">
<sch:let name="schemes"
 value="//tei:constraintDecl[ not(ancestor::*[local-name(.) eq 'egXML'] ) ]/@scheme"/>
<sch:let name="disctinct_schemes"
 value="distinct-values( $schemes )"/>
<sch:assert test="count( $schemes ) eq count( $disctinct_schemes )"> Each <constraintDecl> element should have a @scheme attribute that is distinct from that of all the other <constraintDecl>s.
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identEquiv"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <anyElement minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element constraintDecl
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute scheme { "schematron" | teidata.enumerated },
   attribute queryBinding
   {
      "exslt"
    | "stx"
    | "xslt"
    | "xslt2"
    | "xslt3"
    | "xpath"
    | "xpath2"
    | "xpath3"
    | "xpath31"
    | "xquery"
    | "xquery3"
    | "xquery31"
    | teidata.enumerated
   }?,
   ( ( model.identEquiv | model.descLike )*, anyElement_constraintDecl_4* )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <constraintDecl> (constraint declaration)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <constraintDecl> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <constraintDecl> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintDecl scheme="schematron"
 queryBinding="xslt3"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <sch:ns prefix="tei"
  uri="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"/>
 <sch:ns prefix="xi"
  uri="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
 <sch:let name="edition"
  value="substring-before( /*/tei:teiHeader//tei:editionStmt/tei:edition/@n, '.')"/>
 <sch:let name="uses_old_encoding"
  value="$edition cast as xs:integer lt 3"/>
</constraintDecl>

<constraintDecl>

<constraintDecl scheme="schematron"
 queryBinding="xslt3"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <sch:ns prefix="wwp"
  uri="http://www.wwp.northeastern.edu/ns/textbase"/>
</constraintDecl>

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<constraint>

<constraint> (constraint rules) the formal rules of a constraint [23.5. Element Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Contained by

tagdocs: constraintSpec

May contain
ANY

Example

<constraintSpec ident="isoconstraint"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:constraint">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[ @type eq 'main']">a main title must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<constraintSpec ident="local"
 scheme="private">
 <constraint>
   (output = (ident(title) ident(author) "You must supply a title or an author"))
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <anyElement/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element constraint
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   ( text | anyElement_constraint_5 )*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <constraint> (constraint rules)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <constraint> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <constraint> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="ref-or-key-or-name"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:relation">
   <sch:assert test="@ref or @key or @name">One of the attributes @name, @ref, or @key must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<constraintSpec ident="active-mutual"
 scheme="schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:relation">
   <sch:report test="@active and @mutual">Only one of the attributes @active and @mutual may be supplied</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<constraintSpec ident="active-passive"
 scheme="schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:relation">
   <sch:report test="@passive and not(@active)">the attribute @passive may be supplied only if the attribute @active is supplied</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="subclauses"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:div">
   <sch:report test="count( tei:div | xi:include[ contains( @href, 'sect') ] ) eq 1">if it contains any
       subdivisions, a division must contain at least two of them</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="introtitle"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:teiHeader">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[@type='introductory']"> an introductory component of the title is expected</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<constraintSpec ident="maintitle"
 scheme="schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:teiHeader[ $uses_old_encoding ]">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[@type eq 'main']"> a main title must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
  <sch:rule context="tei:teiHeader[ not( $uses_old_encoding ) ]">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[ not( @type eq 'sub' ) ]"> a main title must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="alt"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:pattern id="altTags">
   <sch:rule context="tei:figure">
    <sch:assert test="tei:figDesc or tei:head"> You should provide information in a figure from
         which we can construct an alt attribute in HTML </sch:assert>
   </sch:rule>
  </sch:pattern>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="tables"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:pattern id="Tables">
   <sch:rule context="tei:table">
    <sch:assert test="tei:head">A <table> should have a caption, using a <head> element</sch:assert>
    <sch:report test="parent::tei:body">Do not use tables to lay out the document body</sch:report>
   </sch:rule>
  </sch:pattern>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="title_ne_author"
 scheme="SPITBOL">
 <constraint> (output = leq(title,author) "title and author cannot be the same") </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="ageAtDeath"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>age in years at death</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <constraintSpec ident="lessThan150"
  scheme="schematron">
  <constraint>
   <sch:rule context="@ageAtDeath">
    <sch:assert test=". le 150">age at death must be an integer less than 150</sch:assert>
   </sch:rule>
  </constraint>
 </constraintSpec>
</attDef>

<constraint>

<constraintSpec ident="isoconstraint"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:constraint">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[ @type eq 'main']">a main title must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

<constraint>

<constraintSpec ident="local"
 scheme="private">
 <constraint>
   (output = (ident(title) ident(author) "You must supply a title or an author"))
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec ident="demo-c1"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>Enforce the presence of the <att>spanTo</att> attribute</desc>
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:addSpan">
   <sch:assert test="@spanTo">The spanTo= attribute of <sch:name/> is required.</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec ident="demo-c2"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>Implement an accessibility rule which says that pictures
   should have textual explanations</desc>
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:figure">
   <sch:report test="not( tei:figDesc | tei:head )">You should
       provide information in a figure from which
       we can construct an alt attribute in HTML</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec ident="author_ne_title"
 scheme="SPITBOL">
 <constraint>
   (output = leq(title,author) "title and author cannot be the same")
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

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<constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec> (constraint on schema) contains a formal constraint, typically expressed in a rule-based schema language, to which a construct must conform in order to be considered valid [23.5. Element Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.identified

@ident

@predeclare

@module

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

att.typed

@type

@subtype

scheme scheme⚓︎
supplies the name of the language in which the constraints are defined

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:constraintSpec[ @mode = ('add','replace') or not( @mode ) ]">
<sch:assert test="@scheme">The @scheme attribute of <constraintSpec> is required when the @mode is <sch:value-of select="if (@mode) then concat('"',@mode,'"') else 'not specified'"/> (here on "<sch:value-of select="@ident"/>")</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Suggested values include:

schematron

(ISO Schematron)

Note

These Guidelines no longer recommend, and the current TEI stylesheets no longer support, the use of Schematron 1.x within constraintSpec. Thus the value schematron is used to indicate that ISO Schematron is used within the constraintSpec.

The scheme attribute is required when the value of mode is add or replace. The scheme attribute is permitted when the value of mode is delete, but these Guidelines make no reccomendation for what a processor should do if its value does not match that of the constraintSpec being deleted.

type type⚓︎
characterizes the constraintSpec element in some sense; used to indicate when a constraintSpec warns about a deprecated construct.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

deprecationWarning

Indicates that this constraint specification warns that some other construct in the schema is deprecated.

Member of

model.oddDecl

Contained by

cmc: post

core: add corr del desc emph head hi item l meeting note orig p q quote ref reg said sic stage textLang title unclear

dictionaries: case colloc def dictScrap entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hyph iType lang lbl mood number orth per pos pron stress subc syll tns usg xr

drama: camera caption castList epilogue performance prologue set sound tech view

figures: cell figDesc figure

header: change handNote licence rendition scriptNote tagUsage

iso-fs: fDescr fsDescr

linking: ab seg

msdescription: accMat acquisition additions collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation layout musicNotation origin provenance signatures source summary support surrogates typeNote

namesdates: occupation

spoken: u writing

tagdocs: attDef classSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec schemaSpec specGrp

textcrit: lem rdg witness

textstructure: argument body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docEdition epigraph imprimatur postscript salute signed titlePart trailer

transcr: damage metamark mod restore retrace secl supplied surplus

verse: rhyme

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: altIdent constraint equiv

Note

A child constraint is required when the mode attribute has the value replace or add (or is not specified, as add is the default). No child elements are permitted when the mode attribute has the value delete. At least one child element is required when the mode attribute has the value change.

Example

This constraint uses Schematron to enforce the presence of the spanTo attribute (which comes from an attribute class) on the addSpan element:

<constraintSpec ident="demo-c1"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>Enforce the presence of the <att>spanTo</att> attribute</desc>
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:addSpan">
   <sch:assert test="@spanTo">The spanTo= attribute of <sch:name/> is required.</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<constraintSpec ident="demo-c2"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>Implement an accessibility rule which says that pictures
   should have textual explanations</desc>
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:figure">
   <sch:report test="not( tei:figDesc | tei:head )">You should
       provide information in a figure from which
       we can construct an alt attribute in HTML</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

This constraint uses SPITBOL (a language which is not expressed in XML) to check whether the title and author are identical:

<constraintSpec ident="author_ne_title"
 scheme="SPITBOL">
 <constraint>
   (output = leq(title,author) "title and author cannot be the same")
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:constraintSpec[ @mode eq 'delete']">
<sch:report test="child::*">This constraintSpec element has a mode= of "delete" even though it has child elements. Change the mode= to "add", "change", or "replace", or remove the child elements.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>
<sch:rule context="tei:constraintSpec[ @mode eq 'change']">
<sch:assert test="child::*">This constraintSpec element has a mode= of "change", but does not have any child elements. Specify child elements, or change the mode= to "delete".</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>
<sch:rule context="tei:constraintSpec[ @mode = ('add','replace') ]">
<sch:assert test="child::tei:constraint">This constraintSpec element has a mode= of "<sch:value-of select="@mode"/>", but does not have a child 'constraint' element. Use a child 'constraint' element or change the mode= to "delete" or "change".</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron
Relationship between scheme attribute and contents: Schematron 1.x

<sch:rule context="tei:constraintSpec">
<sch:report test="tei:constraint/sch1x:* and @scheme = ('isoschematron','schematron')">Rules
in the Schematron 1.* language must be inside a constraintSpec
with a value other than 'schematron' or 'isoschematron' on the
scheme attribute</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron
Relationship between scheme attribute and contents: ISO Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:constraintSpec[ @mode = ('add','replace') or not( @mode ) ]">
<sch:report test="tei:constraint/sch:* and not( @scheme eq 'schematron')">Rules
in the ISO Schematron language must be inside a constraintSpec
with the value 'schematron' on the scheme attribute</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="(tei:constraintSpec|tei:constraintDecl)[ @scheme eq 'schematron'][ .//sch:assert | .//sch:report ]">
<sch:let name="assertsHaveContext"
 value="for $a in .//sch:assert return exists( $a/ancestor::sch:rule/@context )"/>
<sch:let name="reportsHaveContext"
 value="for $r in .//sch:report return exists( $r/ancestor::sch:rule/@context )"/>
<sch:report test="( $assertsHaveContext, $reportsHaveContext ) = false()">An <sch:assert> or <sch:report>
element must be a descendant of an <sch:rule> that has a @context; one or more inside this
<sch:value-of select="local-name(.)"/> are not.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:constraintSpec[ @mode eq 'add' or not( @mode ) ]">
<sch:let name="myIdent"
 value="normalize-space(@ident)"/>
<sch:report test="preceding::tei:constraintSpec[ normalize-space(@ident) eq $myIdent ]"> The @ident of 'constraintSpec' should be unique; this one (<sch:value-of select="$myIdent"/>) is the same as that of a previous 'constraintSpec'.
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identSynonyms"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="constraint"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element constraintSpec
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.identified.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   att.typed.attributes,
   attribute scheme { "schematron" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   attribute type { "deprecationWarning" | teidata.enumerated }?,
   ( ( model.identSynonyms | model.descLike )*, constraint? )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <constraintSpec> (constraint on schema)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <constraintSpec> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <constraintSpec> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="ref-or-key-or-name"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:relation">
   <sch:assert test="@ref or @key or @name">One of the attributes @name, @ref, or @key must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<constraintSpec ident="active-mutual"
 scheme="schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:relation">
   <sch:report test="@active and @mutual">Only one of the attributes @active and @mutual may be supplied</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<constraintSpec ident="active-passive"
 scheme="schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:relation">
   <sch:report test="@passive and not(@active)">the attribute @passive may be supplied only if the attribute @active is supplied</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="subclauses"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:div">
   <sch:report test="count( tei:div | xi:include[ contains( @href, 'sect') ] ) eq 1">if it contains any
       subdivisions, a division must contain at least two of them</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="introtitle"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:teiHeader">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[@type='introductory']"> an introductory component of the title is expected</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<constraintSpec ident="maintitle"
 scheme="schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:teiHeader[ $uses_old_encoding ]">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[@type eq 'main']"> a main title must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
  <sch:rule context="tei:teiHeader[ not( $uses_old_encoding ) ]">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[ not( @type eq 'sub' ) ]"> a main title must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="alt"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:pattern id="altTags">
   <sch:rule context="tei:figure">
    <sch:assert test="tei:figDesc or tei:head"> You should provide information in a figure from
         which we can construct an alt attribute in HTML </sch:assert>
   </sch:rule>
  </sch:pattern>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="tables"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:pattern id="Tables">
   <sch:rule context="tei:table">
    <sch:assert test="tei:head">A <table> should have a caption, using a <head> element</sch:assert>
    <sch:report test="parent::tei:body">Do not use tables to lay out the document body</sch:report>
   </sch:rule>
  </sch:pattern>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.2. Additional Constraints

<constraintSpec ident="title_ne_author"
 scheme="SPITBOL">
 <constraint> (output = leq(title,author) "title and author cannot be the same") </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="ageAtDeath"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>age in years at death</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <constraintSpec ident="lessThan150"
  scheme="schematron">
  <constraint>
   <sch:rule context="@ageAtDeath">
    <sch:assert test=". le 150">age at death must be an integer less than 150</sch:assert>
   </sch:rule>
  </constraint>
 </constraintSpec>
</attDef>

<constraint>

<constraintSpec ident="isoconstraint"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:constraint">
   <sch:assert test="tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title[ @type eq 'main']">a main title must be supplied</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

<constraint>

<constraintSpec ident="local"
 scheme="private">
 <constraint>
   (output = (ident(title) ident(author) "You must supply a title or an author"))
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec ident="demo-c1"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>Enforce the presence of the <att>spanTo</att> attribute</desc>
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:addSpan">
   <sch:assert test="@spanTo">The spanTo= attribute of <sch:name/> is required.</sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec ident="demo-c2"
 scheme="schematron"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>Implement an accessibility rule which says that pictures
   should have textual explanations</desc>
 <constraint>
  <sch:rule context="tei:figure">
   <sch:report test="not( tei:figDesc | tei:head )">You should
       provide information in a figure from which
       we can construct an alt attribute in HTML</sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec>

<constraintSpec ident="author_ne_title"
 scheme="SPITBOL">
 <constraint>
   (output = leq(title,author) "title and author cannot be the same")
 </constraint>
</constraintSpec>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<attList>

<attList> (attribute list) contains documentation for all the attributes associated with this element, as a series of attDef elements. [23.5. Element Specifications 23.6. Class Specifications]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

org org⚓︎
(organization) specifies whether only one (choice) or all (group) of the attributes in the list are available.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

group

grouped [Default]

choice

alternated

Contained by

tagdocs: attList classSpec elementSpec

May contain

tagdocs: attDef attList attRef

Example

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type of schema</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

<attList org="choice">
 <attDef ident="active">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">identifies the <soCalled>active</soCalled> participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
 <attDef ident="mutual" usage="opt">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <elementRef key="attRef"/>
  <elementRef key="attDef"/>
  <elementRef key="attList"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element attList
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute org { "group" | "choice" }?,
   ( attRef | attDef | attList )+
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <attList> (attribute list)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <attList> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <attList> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

7. Performance Texts

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<schemaSpec ident="myDrama">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="structure"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <elementSpec ident="stage" mode="change">
  <attList>
   <attDef ident="type" mode="replace">
    <valList type="closed">
     <valItem ident="setting">
      <desc>describes the set</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="blocking">
      <desc>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="business">
      <desc>describes movement other than blocking</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="delivery">
      <desc>describes how the line is said</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="motivation">
      <desc>describes character's emotional state or through line</desc>
     </valItem>
    </valList>
   </attDef>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<elementSpec ident="person"
 module="namesdates" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="replace" ident="age">
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="child">
     <desc>less than 18 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="adult">
     <desc>18 to 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="retired">
     <desc>over 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs"
 xml:id="fr_Code" ident="code">
 <desc>contient le code littéral</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>la langue du code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec ident="graphic" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="change" ident="url">
   <altIdent>href</altIdent>
  </attDef>
<!-- ... -->
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>bold typography</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>caractères gras</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>粗體印刷</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

23.5.3. Attribute List Specification

<attList>
<!-- other attribute definitions here -->
 <attList org="choice">
  <attDef ident="include">
<!-- definition for the include attribute -->
  </attDef>
  <attDef ident="except">
<!-- definition for the except attribute -->
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type of schema</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type de schéma</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>文件模型的種類</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList org="choice">
 <attDef ident="active">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">identifies the <soCalled>active</soCalled> participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
 <attDef ident="mutual" usage="opt">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
  <attList>
   <attRef class="att.global.source"
    name="source"/>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates whether or not the example is considered to be valid</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.truthValue"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI" mode="add">
   <desc>indicates the validity of the example by supplying one of three predefined
       codes for it.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="A">
     <desc>validity is of the highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="B">
     <desc>validity is of the second highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="C">
     <desc>validity is of the lowest class</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<classSpec ident="att.global.rendition"
 type="atts" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="delete"/>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

<elementSpec ident="p" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="topic" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates the topic of a TEI paragraph</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
<!-- ... -->
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="subtype" mode="delete"/>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<classSpec module="verse" type="atts"
 ident="att.enjamb">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="enjamb" usage="opt">
   <equiv/>
   <desc>indicates whether the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="open">
    <valItem ident="no">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is end-stopped </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="yes">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line in question runs on into the next </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="weak">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is weakly enjambed </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="strong">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is strongly enjambed</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<attDef>

<attDef> (attribute definition) contains the definition of a single attribute. [23.5.3. Attribute List Specification]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.identified

@ident

@predeclare

@module

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

att.namespaceable

@ns

usage usage⚓︎
specifies the optionality of the attribute.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

req

(required)

rec

(recommended)

opt

(optional) [Default]

Contained by

tagdocs: attList

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: altIdent constraintSpec datatype defaultVal equiv exemplum remarks valDesc valList

Example

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>specifies a name conventionally used for this level of subdivision, e.g.
 <val>act</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>book</val>, <val>section</val>, <val>canto</val>,
   etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:ns prefix="teix"
 uri="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples"/>
<sch:rule context="tei:attDef">
<sch:assert test="ancestor::teix:egXML[ @valid eq 'feasible'] or @mode eq 'change' or @mode eq 'delete' or tei:datatype or tei:valList[ @type eq 'closed']"> Attribute: the definition of the @<sch:value-of select="@ident"/> attribute in the
<sch:value-of select="ancestor::*[@ident][1]/@ident"/>
 <sch:value-of select="' '"/>
 <sch:value-of select="local-name(ancestor::*[@ident][1])"/> should
have a closed valList or a datatype
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:attDef[@usage eq 'req']">
<sch:report test="tei:defaultVal">Since the @<sch:value-of select="@ident"/> attribute is required, it will always be specified. Thus the default value (of "<sch:value-of select="normalize-space(tei:defaultVal)"/>") will never be used. Either change the definition of the attribute so it is not required ("rec" or "opt"), or remove the defaultVal element.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:attDef[ tei:defaultVal and tei:valList[ @type eq 'closed'] and tei:datatype[ @maxOccurs > 1 or @minOccurs > 1 or @maxOccurs eq 'unbounded'] ]">
<sch:assert test="tokenize(normalize-space(tei:defaultVal),' ') = tei:valList/tei:valItem/@ident">In the <sch:value-of select="local-name(ancestor::*[@ident][1])"/> defining
<sch:value-of select="ancestor::*[@ident][1]/@ident"/> the default value of the
@<sch:value-of select="@ident"/> attribute is not among the closed list of possible
values</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:attDef[ tei:defaultVal and tei:valList[ @type eq 'closed'] and tei:datatype[ not(@maxOccurs) or ( if ( @maxOccurs castable as xs:integer ) then ( @maxOccurs cast as xs:integer eq 1 ) else false() ) ] ]">
<sch:assert test="string(tei:defaultVal) = tei:valList/tei:valItem/@ident">In the <sch:value-of select="local-name(ancestor::*[@ident][1])"/> defining
<sch:value-of select="ancestor::*[@ident][1]/@ident"/> the default value of the
@<sch:value-of select="@ident"/> attribute is not among the closed list of possible
values</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <classRef key="model.identSynonyms"/>
   <classRef key="model.descLike"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="datatype" minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="constraintSpec"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="defaultVal"
   minOccurs="0"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0">
   <elementRef key="valList"/>
   <elementRef key="valDesc" minOccurs="1"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="exemplum" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <elementRef key="remarks" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element attDef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.identified.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   att.namespaceable.attributes,
   attribute usage { "req" | "rec" | "opt" }?,
   (
      ( model.identSynonyms | model.descLike )*,
      datatype?,
      constraintSpec*,
      defaultVal?,
      ( valList | valDesc+ )?,
      exemplum*,
      remarks*
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <attDef> (attribute definition)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <attDef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <attDef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

7. Performance Texts

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<schemaSpec ident="myDrama">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="structure"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <elementSpec ident="stage" mode="change">
  <attList>
   <attDef ident="type" mode="replace">
    <valList type="closed">
     <valItem ident="setting">
      <desc>describes the set</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="blocking">
      <desc>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="business">
      <desc>describes movement other than blocking</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="delivery">
      <desc>describes how the line is said</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="motivation">
      <desc>describes character's emotional state or through line</desc>
     </valItem>
    </valList>
   </attDef>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<elementSpec ident="person"
 module="namesdates" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="replace" ident="age">
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="child">
     <desc>less than 18 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="adult">
     <desc>18 to 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="retired">
     <desc>over 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs"
 xml:id="fr_Code" ident="code">
 <desc>contient le code littéral</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>la langue du code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23.4.1. Description of Components

<elementSpec ident="graphic" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="change" ident="url">
   <altIdent>href</altIdent>
  </attDef>
<!-- ... -->
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>bold typography</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>caractères gras</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>粗體印刷</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

23.5.3. Attribute List Specification

<attList>
<!-- other attribute definitions here -->
 <attList org="choice">
  <attDef ident="include">
<!-- definition for the include attribute -->
  </attDef>
  <attDef ident="except">
<!-- definition for the except attribute -->
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</attList>

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<attDef ident="columns">
 <gloss xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-06-12">columns</gloss>
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">specifies the number of columns per page</desc>
 <datatype minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="2">
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <remarks xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2017-07-09">
  <p>If a single number is given, all pages referenced
     have this number of columns. If two numbers are given,
     the number of columns per page varies between the
     values supplied. Where <att>columns</att> is omitted
     the number is assumed to be <val>1</val>.</p>
 </remarks>
</attDef>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="ageAtDeath"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>age in years at death</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <constraintSpec ident="lessThan150"
  scheme="schematron">
  <constraint>
   <sch:rule context="@ageAtDeath">
    <sch:assert test=". le 150">age at death must be an integer less than 150</sch:assert>
   </sch:rule>
  </constraint>
 </constraintSpec>
</attDef>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">characterizes the movement, for example as an
   entrance or exit.</desc>
 <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
  xml:lang="ko">예를 들어 입장 또는 퇴장과 같은, 이동의 특성을 기술한다.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
 </datatype>
 <valList type="open">
  <valItem ident="entrance">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is entering the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에 등장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="exit">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is exiting the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 퇴장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="onStage">
   <desc versionDate="2007-07-04"
    xml:lang="en">character moves on stage</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 이동한다.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type of schema</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type de schéma</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>文件模型的種類</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList org="choice">
 <attDef ident="active">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">identifies the <soCalled>active</soCalled> participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
 <attDef ident="mutual" usage="opt">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>specifies a name conventionally used for this level of subdivision, e.g.
 <val>act</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>book</val>, <val>section</val>, <val>canto</val>,
   etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>spécifie un nom conventionnellement utilisé pour ce niveau de divisions , par ex.
 <val>acte</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>livre</val>, <val>section</val>,
 <val>chant</val>, etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>具體指定慣例上使用的分部名稱，例如：
 <val>幕</val>, <val>卷</val>, <val>冊</val>, <val>節</val>, <val>篇章</val>,
   等。</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates whether or not the example is considered to be valid</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.truthValue"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI" mode="add">
   <desc>indicates the validity of the example by supplying one of three predefined
       codes for it.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="A">
     <desc>validity is of the highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="B">
     <desc>validity is of the second highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="C">
     <desc>validity is of the lowest class</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.4. Class Modification

<classSpec ident="att.global.rendition"
 type="atts" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="delete"/>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

<elementSpec ident="p" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="topic" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates the topic of a TEI paragraph</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.1. Making a Unified ODD

<elementSpec ident="p">
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="att.typed"/>
 </classes>
<!-- ... -->
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="subtype" mode="delete"/>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<classSpec module="verse" type="atts"
 ident="att.enjamb">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="enjamb" usage="opt">
   <equiv/>
   <desc>indicates whether the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="open">
    <valItem ident="no">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is end-stopped </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="yes">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line in question runs on into the next </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="weak">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is weakly enjambed </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="strong">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is strongly enjambed</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<attDef ident="full" usage="opt">
 <defaultVal>yes</defaultVal>
 <valList type="closed">
  <valItem ident="yes">
   <desc>the name component is spelled out in full.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="abb">
   <gloss>abbreviated</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is given in an abbreviated form.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="init">
   <gloss>initial letter</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is indicated only by one initial.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

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C Elements

<attRef>

<attRef> (attribute pointer) points to the definition of an attribute or group of attributes. [23.2. Modules and Schemas]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

class class⚓︎
the name of the attribute class

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.name

name name⚓︎
the name of the attribute

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.name

Contained by

tagdocs: attList

May contain
Empty element

Example

<attRef class="att.global" name="xml:id"/>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element attRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute class { teidata.name }?,
   attribute name { teidata.name }?,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <attRef> (attribute pointer)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <attRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <attRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

<attRef>

<attRef class="att.global" name="xml:id"/>

23.8.1. TEI customizations

<schemaSpec ident="example">
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="verse"/>
 <elementSpec ident="soundClip">
  <classes>
   <memberOf key="model.pPart.data"/>
  </classes>
  <attList>
   <attRef class="att.global.source"
    name="source"/>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

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C Elements

<datatype>

<datatype> (datatype) specifies the declared value for an attribute, by referring to any datatype defined by the chosen schema language. [1.4.2. Datatype Specifications 23.5.3. Attribute List Specification]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.repeatable

@minOccurs

@maxOccurs

minOccurs minOccurs⚓︎
indicates the minimum number of times this datatype may occur in an instance of the attribute being defined.

Status
Optional

maxOccurs maxOccurs⚓︎
indicates the maximum number of times this datatype may occur in an instance of the attribute being defined.

Status
Optional

Contained by

tagdocs: attDef

May contain
ANY

Note

In the TEI scheme, most datatypes are expressed using pre-defined TEI macros, which map a name in the form teidata.xxxx to a datatype defined by RELAX NG or the W3C Schema Language.

Example

<datatype>
 <dataRef name="token"/>
</datatype>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<datatype>
 <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
</datatype>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

The encoding in the following example requires that the attribute being defined contain at least two URIs in its value, as is the case for the target attribute of join.

<datatype minOccurs="2"
 maxOccurs="unbounded">
 <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
</datatype>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <elementRef key="dataRef"/>
  <anyElement require="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element datatype
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.repeatable.attributes,
   attribute minOccurs { text }?,
   attribute maxOccurs { text }?,
   ( dataRef | anyElement_datatype_6 )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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Example: <datatype> (datatype)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <datatype> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <datatype> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<elementSpec ident="person"
 module="namesdates" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="replace" ident="age">
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="child">
     <desc>less than 18 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="adult">
     <desc>18 to 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="retired">
     <desc>over 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs"
 xml:id="fr_Code" ident="code">
 <desc>contient le code littéral</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>la langue du code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<attDef ident="columns">
 <gloss xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-06-12">columns</gloss>
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">specifies the number of columns per page</desc>
 <datatype minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="2">
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <remarks xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2017-07-09">
  <p>If a single number is given, all pages referenced
     have this number of columns. If two numbers are given,
     the number of columns per page varies between the
     values supplied. Where <att>columns</att> is omitted
     the number is assumed to be <val>1</val>.</p>
 </remarks>
</attDef>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="ageAtDeath"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>age in years at death</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <constraintSpec ident="lessThan150"
  scheme="schematron">
  <constraint>
   <sch:rule context="@ageAtDeath">
    <sch:assert test=". le 150">age at death must be an integer less than 150</sch:assert>
   </sch:rule>
  </constraint>
 </constraintSpec>
</attDef>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">characterizes the movement, for example as an
   entrance or exit.</desc>
 <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
  xml:lang="ko">예를 들어 입장 또는 퇴장과 같은, 이동의 특성을 기술한다.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
 </datatype>
 <valList type="open">
  <valItem ident="entrance">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is entering the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에 등장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="exit">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is exiting the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 퇴장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="onStage">
   <desc versionDate="2007-07-04"
    xml:lang="en">character moves on stage</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 이동한다.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type of schema</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type de schéma</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>文件模型的種類</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList org="choice">
 <attDef ident="active">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">identifies the <soCalled>active</soCalled> participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
 <attDef ident="mutual" usage="opt">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>specifies a name conventionally used for this level of subdivision, e.g.
 <val>act</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>book</val>, <val>section</val>, <val>canto</val>,
   etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>spécifie un nom conventionnellement utilisé pour ce niveau de divisions , par ex.
 <val>acte</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>livre</val>, <val>section</val>,
 <val>chant</val>, etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>具體指定慣例上使用的分部名稱，例如：
 <val>幕</val>, <val>卷</val>, <val>冊</val>, <val>節</val>, <val>篇章</val>,
   等。</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<datatype>

<datatype>
 <dataRef name="token"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype>
 <dataRef name="token"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype>
 <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype minOccurs="2"
 maxOccurs="unbounded">
 <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype minOccurs="2"
 maxOccurs="unbounded">
 <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype>
 <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype minOccurs="2"
 maxOccurs="unbounded">
 <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
</datatype>

<dataFacet>

<datatype>
 <dataRef name="decimal">
  <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
   value="360.0"/>
  <dataFacet name="minInclusive"
   value="-360.0"/>
 </dataRef>
</datatype>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates whether or not the example is considered to be valid</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.truthValue"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI" mode="add">
   <desc>indicates the validity of the example by supplying one of three predefined
       codes for it.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="A">
     <desc>validity is of the highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="B">
     <desc>validity is of the second highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="C">
     <desc>validity is of the lowest class</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

<elementSpec ident="p" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="topic" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates the topic of a TEI paragraph</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<classSpec module="verse" type="atts"
 ident="att.enjamb">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="enjamb" usage="opt">
   <equiv/>
   <desc>indicates whether the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="open">
    <valItem ident="no">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is end-stopped </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="yes">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line in question runs on into the next </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="weak">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is weakly enjambed </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="strong">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is strongly enjambed</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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<dataRef>

<dataRef> identifies the datatype of an attribute value, either by referencing an item in an externally defined datatype library, or by pointing to a TEI-defined data specification [23.5.3.1. Datatypes]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

key key⚓︎
the identifier used for this datatype specification

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

name name⚓︎
the name of a datatype in the list provided by XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

ref ref⚓︎
a pointer to a datatype defined in some datatype library

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

restriction restriction⚓︎
supplies a string representing a regular expression providing additional constraints on the strings used to represent values of this datatype

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pattern

Member of

model.contentPart model.oddRef

Contained by

tagdocs: alternate content datatype schemaSpec sequence specGrp

May contain

tagdocs: dataFacet

Note

Only one of the attributes key, name, and ref may be used on any given instance of dataRef.

Neither a restriction attribute nor a dataFacet child element may be used unless the dataRef refers to a datatype from the specification XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition with a name attribute.

Example

<schemaSpec ident="myTEI"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/current/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml">
<!-- ... -->
 <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<schemaSpec ident="myTEI"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/current/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml">
<!-- ... -->
 <dataRef name="float"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger"
   restriction="[0-9][0-9]?"/>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:dataRef[tei:dataFacet]">
<sch:assert test="@name" role="nonfatal">Data facets can only be specified for references to datatypes specified by
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition — that is, for there to be a 'dataFacet' child there must be a @name attribute.</sch:assert>
<sch:report test="@restriction"
 role="nonfatal">Data facets and restrictions cannot both be expressed on the same data reference — that is, the @restriction attribute cannot be used when a 'dataFacet' element is present.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:dataRef[@restriction]">
<sch:assert test="@name" role="nonfatal">Restrictions can only be specified for references to datatypes specified by
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition — that is, for there to be a @restriction attribute there must be a @name attribute, too.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded" key="dataFacet"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element dataRef
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   (
      attribute key { teidata.xmlName }?
    | attribute name { teidata.xmlName }?
    | attribute ref { teidata.pointer }?
   ),
   attribute restriction { teidata.pattern }?,
   dataFacet*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <dataRef>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <dataRef> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <dataRef> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

3. Elements Available in All TEI Documents

<desc>

<dataSpec module="tei"
 ident="teidata.point">
 <desc versionDate="2010-10-17"
  xml:lang="en">defines the data type used to express a point in cartesian space.</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="token"
   restriction="(-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?,-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?)"/>
 </content>
<!-- ... -->
</dataSpec>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<elementSpec ident="person"
 module="namesdates" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="replace" ident="age">
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="child">
     <desc>less than 18 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="adult">
     <desc>18 to 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="retired">
     <desc>over 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs"
 xml:id="fr_Code" ident="code">
 <desc>contient le code littéral</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>la langue du code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<dataSpec>

<dataSpec ident="teidata.pointer">
 <desc versionDate="2013-01-19"
  xml:lang="en">defines the range of
   attribute values used to provide a single URI, absolute or relative,
   pointing to some other resource, either within the current document
   or elsewhere.</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="anyURI"/>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<dataRef name="decimal">
 <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
  value="360.0"/>
 <dataFacet name="minInclusive"
  value="-360.0"/>
</dataRef>

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<attDef ident="columns">
 <gloss xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2007-06-12">columns</gloss>
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">specifies the number of columns per page</desc>
 <datatype minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="2">
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <remarks xml:lang="en"
  versionDate="2017-07-09">
  <p>If a single number is given, all pages referenced
     have this number of columns. If two numbers are given,
     the number of columns per page varies between the
     values supplied. Where <att>columns</att> is omitted
     the number is assumed to be <val>1</val>.</p>
 </remarks>
</attDef>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="ageAtDeath"
   xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <desc>age in years at death</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.count"/>
 </datatype>
 <constraintSpec ident="lessThan150"
  scheme="schematron">
  <constraint>
   <sch:rule context="@ageAtDeath">
    <sch:assert test=". le 150">age at death must be an integer less than 150</sch:assert>
   </sch:rule>
  </constraint>
 </constraintSpec>
</attDef>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">characterizes the movement, for example as an
   entrance or exit.</desc>
 <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
  xml:lang="ko">예를 들어 입장 또는 퇴장과 같은, 이동의 특성을 기술한다.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
 </datatype>
 <valList type="open">
  <valItem ident="entrance">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is entering the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에 등장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="exit">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is exiting the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 퇴장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="onStage">
   <desc versionDate="2007-07-04"
    xml:lang="en">character moves on stage</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 이동한다.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type of schema</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>type de schéma</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
  <desc>文件模型的種類</desc>
  <datatype>
   <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attList>

<attList org="choice">
 <attDef ident="active">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">identifies the <soCalled>active</soCalled> participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
 <attDef ident="mutual" usage="opt">
  <desc versionDate="2005-07-24"
   xml:lang="en">supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally.</desc>
  <datatype maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
  </datatype>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>specifies a name conventionally used for this level of subdivision, e.g.
 <val>act</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>book</val>, <val>section</val>, <val>canto</val>,
   etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>spécifie un nom conventionnellement utilisé pour ce niveau de divisions , par ex.
 <val>acte</val>, <val>volume</val>, <val>livre</val>, <val>section</val>,
 <val>chant</val>, etc.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<attDef>

<attDef usage="rec" ident="type">
 <desc>具體指定慣例上使用的分部名稱，例如：
 <val>幕</val>, <val>卷</val>, <val>冊</val>, <val>節</val>, <val>篇章</val>,
   等。</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
 </datatype>
</attDef>

<datatype>

<datatype>
 <dataRef name="token"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype>
 <dataRef name="token"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype>
 <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype minOccurs="2"
 maxOccurs="unbounded">
 <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype minOccurs="2"
 maxOccurs="unbounded">
 <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype>
 <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
</datatype>

<datatype>

<datatype minOccurs="2"
 maxOccurs="unbounded">
 <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
</datatype>

<dataRef>

<schemaSpec ident="myTEI"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/current/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml">
<!-- ... -->
 <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

<dataRef>

<schemaSpec ident="myTEI"
 source="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/current/xml/tei/odd/p5subset.xml">
<!-- ... -->
 <dataRef name="float"/>
<!-- ... -->
</schemaSpec>

<dataRef>

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger"
   restriction="[0-9][0-9]?"/>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

<dataFacet>

<datatype>
 <dataRef name="decimal">
  <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
   value="360.0"/>
  <dataFacet name="minInclusive"
   value="-360.0"/>
 </dataRef>
</datatype>

<dataFacet>

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger">
   <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
    value="99"/>
   <dataFacet name="minInclusive" value="0"/>
  </dataRef>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates whether or not the example is considered to be valid</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.truthValue"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI" mode="add">
   <desc>indicates the validity of the example by supplying one of three predefined
       codes for it.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="A">
     <desc>validity is of the highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="B">
     <desc>validity is of the second highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="C">
     <desc>validity is of the lowest class</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.3.2. Modification and Namespaces

<elementSpec ident="p" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="topic" mode="add"
   ns="http://www.example.org/ns/nonTEI">
   <desc>indicates the topic of a TEI paragraph</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<classSpec module="verse" type="atts"
 ident="att.enjamb">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="enjamb" usage="opt">
   <equiv/>
   <desc>indicates whether the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="open">
    <valItem ident="no">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is end-stopped </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="yes">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line in question runs on into the next </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="weak">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is weakly enjambed </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="strong">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is strongly enjambed</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

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<dataFacet>

<dataFacet> Restricts the value of the strings used to represent values of a datatype, according to XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. [23.5.3.1. Datatypes]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

name name⚓︎
the name of the facet.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.word

Legal values are:

length

minLength

maxLength

pattern

enumeration

whiteSpace

maxInclusive

minInclusive

maxExclusive

minExclusive

totalDigits

fractionDigits

value value⚓︎
the facet value.

Status
Required

Datatype
string

Contained by

tagdocs: dataRef

May contain
Empty element

Note

This element is only allowed when the parent dataRef refers with name to a datatype from the specification XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition.

Example

<datatype>
 <dataRef name="decimal">
  <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
   value="360.0"/>
  <dataFacet name="minInclusive"
   value="-360.0"/>
 </dataRef>
</datatype>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Example

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger">
   <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
    value="99"/>
   <dataFacet name="minInclusive" value="0"/>
  </dataRef>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element dataFacet
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   attribute name
   {
      "length"
    | "minLength"
    | "maxLength"
    | "pattern"
    | "enumeration"
    | "whiteSpace"
    | "maxInclusive"
    | "minInclusive"
    | "maxExclusive"
    | "minExclusive"
    | "totalDigits"
    | "fractionDigits"
   },
   attribute value { string },
   empty
}

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Example: <dataFacet>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <dataFacet> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <dataFacet> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.3.1. Datatypes

<dataRef name="decimal">
 <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
  value="360.0"/>
 <dataFacet name="minInclusive"
  value="-360.0"/>
</dataRef>

<dataFacet>

<datatype>
 <dataRef name="decimal">
  <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
   value="360.0"/>
  <dataFacet name="minInclusive"
   value="-360.0"/>
 </dataRef>
</datatype>

<dataFacet>

<dataSpec ident="data.integerExample">
 <desc>datatype used for attributes taking an integer value between 0 and 99</desc>
 <content>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger">
   <dataFacet name="maxInclusive"
    value="99"/>
   <dataFacet name="minInclusive" value="0"/>
  </dataRef>
 </content>
</dataSpec>

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C Elements

<defaultVal>

<defaultVal> (default value) specifies the default declared value for an attribute. [23.5.3. Attribute List Specification]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

Contained by

tagdocs: attDef

May contain
Character data only

Note

any legal declared value or TEI-defined keyword

Example

<defaultVal>#IMPLIED</defaultVal>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element defaultVal
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   text
}

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Example: <defaultVal> (default value)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <defaultVal> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <defaultVal> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

<defaultVal>

<defaultVal>#IMPLIED</defaultVal>

<defaultVal>

<defaultVal>#IMPLIED</defaultVal>

<defaultVal>

<defaultVal>預設值</defaultVal>

24. Using the TEI

24.5.4.2. Classes

<attDef ident="full" usage="opt">
 <defaultVal>yes</defaultVal>
 <valList type="closed">
  <valItem ident="yes">
   <desc>the name component is spelled out in full.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="abb">
   <gloss>abbreviated</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is given in an abbreviated form.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="init">
   <gloss>initial letter</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is indicated only by one initial.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

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<valDesc>

<valDesc> (value description) specifies any semantic or syntactic constraint on the value that an attribute may take, additional to the information carried by the datatype element. [23.5.3. Attribute List Specification]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

att.translatable

@versionDate

Contained by

tagdocs: attDef

May contain

analysis: interp interpGrp span spanGrp

certainty: certainty precision respons

core: abbr address cb choice date distinct ellipsis email emph expan foreign gap gb gloss hi index lb measure measureGrp mentioned milestone name note noteGrp num pb ptr q ref rs soCalled term time title unit

dictionaries: lang

figures: figure notatedMusic

header: idno

iso-fs: fLib fs fvLib

linking: alt altGrp anchor join joinGrp link linkGrp timeline

msdescription: catchwords depth dim dimensions height heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark width

namesdates: addName affiliation bloc climate country district eventName forename genName geo geogFeat geogName location nameLink objectName offset orgName persName persPronouns placeName population region roleName settlement state surname terrain trait

spoken: incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

tagdocs: att code gi ident listRef tag val

textcrit: app witDetail

transcr: addSpan am damageSpan delSpan ex fw listTranspose metamark space subst substJoin

character data

Example

<valDesc>must point to another <gi>align</gi>
element logically preceding this one.</valDesc>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <macroRef key="macro.phraseSeq.limited"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element valDesc
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   att.translatable.attributes,
   macro.phraseSeq.limited
}

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Example: <valDesc> (value description)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <valDesc> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <valDesc> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valDesc>must point to another <gi>align</gi>
element logically preceding this one.</valDesc>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valDesc>Values should be Library of Congress
subject headings.</valDesc>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valDesc>A bookseller's surname, taken from the list
in <title>Pollard and Redgrave</title>
</valDesc>

<valDesc>

<valDesc>must point to another <gi>align</gi>
element logically preceding this one.</valDesc>

<valDesc>

<valDesc>doit pointer vers un autre élément <gi>align</gi>précédant logiquement
celui-ci.</valDesc>

<valDesc>

<valDesc>必須指向另一個的邏輯上先於此的元素<gi>align</gi>
</valDesc>

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<valItem>

<valItem> documents a single value in a predefined list of values. [23.5.3. Attribute List Specification]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

ident ident⚓︎
specifies the value concerned.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.text

Contained by

tagdocs: valList

May contain

core: desc gloss

tagdocs: altIdent equiv paramList remarks

Example

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

Show all ⚓︎

Example

The remarks element is only allowed within valItem if the desc element is also present:

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="border">
  <desc>used to signify that there is border around a page.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-rule">
  <desc>used to signify that there is a border made of ruled lines.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-ornamental">
  <desc>used to signify that there is an ornamental border.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="catch">
  <gloss>catchword</gloss>
  <desc>for catch words.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="lineNum">
  <gloss>line number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed line numbers (usually in poetry).</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="listHead">
  <gloss>list heading</gloss>
  <desc>for headings of lists or similar constructs; often used in tables of contents for the
  <q>page</q> heading.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pageNum">
  <gloss>page number</gloss>
  <desc>for page numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pressFig">
  <gloss>press figure</gloss>
  <desc>for press figures. These are usually numbers, but are not sequential or regularly
     printed like signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="sig">
  <gloss>signature</gloss>
  <desc>for printed signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="unknown">
  <desc>for a metawork whose function you do not know.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="vol">
  <gloss>volume number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed volume numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="other">
  <desc>anything not covered by the above values.</desc>
  <remarks>
   <p>Used for an ornament, decorated tool line, or symbol(s) that is not officially a
       delimiter (and thus there is no element on which to put <val>pre()</val> or
   <val>post()</val>) but is used to fill space at the bottom of a page so that a
   <gi>floatingText</gi> or similar can start at the top of the next.</p>
  </remarks>
 </valItem>
</valList>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <classRef key="model.identSynonyms"
   minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  <sequence minOccurs="0">
   <classRef key="model.descLike"
    minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <sequence minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <classRef key="model.identSynonyms"
     minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
    <classRef key="model.descLike"
     minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   </sequence>
   <elementRef key="remarks" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <elementRef key="paramList" minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="1"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element valItem
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   attribute ident { teidata.text },
   (
      model.identSynonyms*,
      (
         (
            model.descLike+,
            ( ( model.identSynonyms, model.descLike* )* ),
            remarks*
         )?
      ),
      paramList?
   )
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

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C Elements

Example: <valItem>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <valItem> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <valItem> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

7. Performance Texts

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<schemaSpec ident="myDrama">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="structure"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <elementSpec ident="stage" mode="change">
  <attList>
   <attDef ident="type" mode="replace">
    <valList type="closed">
     <valItem ident="setting">
      <desc>describes the set</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="blocking">
      <desc>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="business">
      <desc>describes movement other than blocking</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="delivery">
      <desc>describes how the line is said</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="motivation">
      <desc>describes character's emotional state or through line</desc>
     </valItem>
    </valList>
   </attDef>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<elementSpec ident="person"
 module="namesdates" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="replace" ident="age">
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="child">
     <desc>less than 18 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="adult">
     <desc>18 to 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="retired">
     <desc>over 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

23.4.1. Description of Components

<valList type="open">
 <valItem ident="susp">
  <gloss>suspension</gloss>
  <desc>the abbreviation provides the first letter(s) of the word or phrase, omitting the
     remainder.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="contr">
  <gloss>contraction</gloss>
  <desc>the abbreviation omits some letter(s) in the middle.</desc>
 </valItem>
<!--...-->
</valList>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>bold typography</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>caractères gras</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>粗體印刷</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>required</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>recommended</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optional</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">characterizes the movement, for example as an
   entrance or exit.</desc>
 <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
  xml:lang="ko">예를 들어 입장 또는 퇴장과 같은, 이동의 특성을 기술한다.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
 </datatype>
 <valList type="open">
  <valItem ident="entrance">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is entering the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에 등장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="exit">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is exiting the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 퇴장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="onStage">
   <desc versionDate="2007-07-04"
    xml:lang="en">character moves on stage</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 이동한다.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model

<valItem ident="link">
 <desc>create a hyperlink</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="content">
   <desc>supplies the location of some content describing the link</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="uri">
   <desc>supplies the location of the intended hyperlink</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

23.5.4.8. Defining a processing model

<valItem ident="alternate">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">support display of alternative visualisations, for
   example by displaying the preferred content, by displaying both in parallel, or by toggling
   between the two.</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="default">
   <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
    xml:lang="en">supplies the location of the preferred
       content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="alternate">
   <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
    xml:lang="en">supplies the location of the alternative
       content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

<paramList>

<valItem ident="alternate">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">create a specialized display of alternating elements for displaying the preferred version and an alternative, both at once or by some method of toggling between the two.</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="default">
   <desc>preferred content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="alternate">
   <desc>alternate content</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

<paramSpec>

<valItem ident="link">
 <desc>create a hyperlink</desc>
 <paramList>
  <paramSpec ident="content">
   <desc>supplies the location of some content describing the link</desc>
  </paramSpec>
  <paramSpec ident="link">
   <desc>supplies the location of the intended URL</desc>
  </paramSpec>
 </paramList>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious</gloss>
 <desc>used when the application of this element is doubtful or uncertain</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>douteux</gloss>
 <desc>utilisé quand l'emploi de cet élément est douteux ou incertain.</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valItem ident="dub">
 <altIdent xml:lang="fr">dou</altIdent>
 <equiv name="unknown"/>
 <gloss>dubious（無把握的）</gloss>
 <desc>適用於無法確定或對該元素的使用存疑時</desc>
</valItem>

<valItem>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="border">
  <desc>used to signify that there is border around a page.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-rule">
  <desc>used to signify that there is a border made of ruled lines.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-ornamental">
  <desc>used to signify that there is an ornamental border.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="catch">
  <gloss>catchword</gloss>
  <desc>for catch words.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="lineNum">
  <gloss>line number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed line numbers (usually in poetry).</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="listHead">
  <gloss>list heading</gloss>
  <desc>for headings of lists or similar constructs; often used in tables of contents for the
  <q>page</q> heading.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pageNum">
  <gloss>page number</gloss>
  <desc>for page numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pressFig">
  <gloss>press figure</gloss>
  <desc>for press figures. These are usually numbers, but are not sequential or regularly
     printed like signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="sig">
  <gloss>signature</gloss>
  <desc>for printed signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="unknown">
  <desc>for a metawork whose function you do not know.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="vol">
  <gloss>volume number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed volume numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="other">
  <desc>anything not covered by the above values.</desc>
  <remarks>
   <p>Used for an ornament, decorated tool line, or symbol(s) that is not officially a
       delimiter (and thus there is no element on which to put <val>pre()</val> or
   <val>post()</val>) but is used to fill space at the bottom of a page so that a
   <gi>floatingText</gi> or similar can start at the top of the next.</p>
  </remarks>
 </valItem>
</valList>

<valList>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>required</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>recommended</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optional</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

<valList>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>exigé</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>Recommandé</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optionnel</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

<valList>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>必要性</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>建議性</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>選擇性</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI" mode="add">
   <desc>indicates the validity of the example by supplying one of three predefined
       codes for it.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="A">
     <desc>validity is of the highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="B">
     <desc>validity is of the second highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="C">
     <desc>validity is of the lowest class</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<classSpec module="verse" type="atts"
 ident="att.enjamb">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="enjamb" usage="opt">
   <equiv/>
   <desc>indicates whether the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="open">
    <valItem ident="no">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is end-stopped </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="yes">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line in question runs on into the next </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="weak">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is weakly enjambed </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="strong">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is strongly enjambed</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<attDef ident="full" usage="opt">
 <defaultVal>yes</defaultVal>
 <valList type="closed">
  <valItem ident="yes">
   <desc>the name component is spelled out in full.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="abb">
   <gloss>abbreviated</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is given in an abbreviated form.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="init">
   <gloss>initial letter</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is indicated only by one initial.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

§

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C Elements

<valList>

<valList> (value list) contains one or more valItem elements defining possible values. [23.5.3. Attribute List Specification]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

type type⚓︎
specifies the extensibility of the list of values specified.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

closed

only the values specified are permitted.

semi

(semi-open) all the values specified should be supported, but other values are legal and software should have appropriate fallback processing for them.

open

the values specified are sample values only. [Default]

Contained by

tagdocs: alternate attDef content dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec

May contain

tagdocs: valItem

Example

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>required</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>recommended</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optional</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <elementRef key="valItem" minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element valList
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.combinable.attributes,
   att.deprecated.attributes,
   attribute type { "closed" | "semi" | "open" }?,
   valItem*
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

§

Home

C Elements

Example: <valList> (value list)

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <valList> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <valList> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

7. Performance Texts

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

7. Performance Texts

7.2.4. Stage Directions

<schemaSpec ident="myDrama">
 <moduleRef key="core"/>
 <moduleRef key="tei"/>
 <moduleRef key="structure"/>
 <moduleRef key="header"/>
 <moduleRef key="drama"/>
 <elementSpec ident="stage" mode="change">
  <attList>
   <attDef ident="type" mode="replace">
    <valList type="closed">
     <valItem ident="setting">
      <desc>describes the set</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="blocking">
      <desc>describes movement across stage, position, etc.</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="business">
      <desc>describes movement other than blocking</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="delivery">
      <desc>describes how the line is said</desc>
     </valItem>
     <valItem ident="motivation">
      <desc>describes character's emotional state or through line</desc>
     </valItem>
    </valList>
   </attDef>
  </attList>
 </elementSpec>
</schemaSpec>

14. Names, Dates, People, and Places

14.3.2. The Person Element

<elementSpec ident="person"
 module="namesdates" mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef mode="replace" ident="age">
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="child">
     <desc>less than 18 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="adult">
     <desc>18 to 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="retired">
     <desc>over 65 years of age</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

23. Documentation Elements

23.4.1. Description of Components

<valList type="open">
 <valItem ident="susp">
  <gloss>suspension</gloss>
  <desc>the abbreviation provides the first letter(s) of the word or phrase, omitting the
     remainder.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="contr">
  <gloss>contraction</gloss>
  <desc>the abbreviation omits some letter(s) in the middle.</desc>
 </valItem>
<!--...-->
</valList>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>bold typography</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>caractères gras</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

<equiv>

<elementSpec ident="hi" mode="change">
 <equiv name="BOLD"/>
 <desc>粗體印刷</desc>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="rend" mode="change">
   <valList>
    <valItem ident="bold"/>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>
<elementSpec ident="bo" mode="add">
 <equiv name="BOLD"
  uri="http://www.example.com/typesetting/bold"/>
</elementSpec>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>required</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>recommended</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optional</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

23.5.3.2. Value Specification

<attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
 <desc versionDate="2005-01-14"
  xml:lang="en">characterizes the movement, for example as an
   entrance or exit.</desc>
 <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
  xml:lang="ko">예를 들어 입장 또는 퇴장과 같은, 이동의 특성을 기술한다.</desc>
 <datatype>
  <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
 </datatype>
 <valList type="open">
  <valItem ident="entrance">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is entering the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에 등장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="exit">
   <desc versionDate="2007-06-27"
    xml:lang="en">character is exiting the stage.</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 퇴장하고 있다.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="onStage">
   <desc versionDate="2007-07-04"
    xml:lang="en">character moves on stage</desc>
   <desc versionDate="2007-12-20"
    xml:lang="ko">등장인물이 무대에서 이동한다.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

<valItem>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="border">
  <desc>used to signify that there is border around a page.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-rule">
  <desc>used to signify that there is a border made of ruled lines.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="border-ornamental">
  <desc>used to signify that there is an ornamental border.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="catch">
  <gloss>catchword</gloss>
  <desc>for catch words.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="lineNum">
  <gloss>line number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed line numbers (usually in poetry).</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="listHead">
  <gloss>list heading</gloss>
  <desc>for headings of lists or similar constructs; often used in tables of contents for the
  <q>page</q> heading.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pageNum">
  <gloss>page number</gloss>
  <desc>for page numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="pressFig">
  <gloss>press figure</gloss>
  <desc>for press figures. These are usually numbers, but are not sequential or regularly
     printed like signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="sig">
  <gloss>signature</gloss>
  <desc>for printed signatures.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="unknown">
  <desc>for a metawork whose function you do not know.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="vol">
  <gloss>volume number</gloss>
  <desc>for printed volume numbers.</desc>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="other">
  <desc>anything not covered by the above values.</desc>
  <remarks>
   <p>Used for an ornament, decorated tool line, or symbol(s) that is not officially a
       delimiter (and thus there is no element on which to put <val>pre()</val> or
   <val>post()</val>) but is used to fill space at the bottom of a page so that a
   <gi>floatingText</gi> or similar can start at the top of the next.</p>
  </remarks>
 </valItem>
</valList>

<valList>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>required</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>recommended</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optional</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

<valList>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>exigé</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>Recommandé</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>optionnel</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

<valList>

<valList type="closed">
 <valItem ident="req">
  <gloss>必要性</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="rec">
  <gloss>建議性</gloss>
 </valItem>
 <valItem ident="opt">
  <gloss>選擇性</gloss>
 </valItem>
</valList>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists

<elementSpec ident="eg" module="tagdocs"
 mode="change">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="valid"
   ns="http://www.example.com/ns/nonTEI" mode="add">
   <desc>indicates the validity of the example by supplying one of three predefined
       codes for it.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="closed">
    <valItem ident="A">
     <desc>validity is of the highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="B">
     <desc>validity is of the second highest class</desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="C">
     <desc>validity is of the lowest class</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<classSpec module="verse" type="atts"
 ident="att.enjamb">
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="enjamb" usage="opt">
   <equiv/>
   <desc>indicates whether the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
   <valList type="open">
    <valItem ident="no">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is end-stopped </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="yes">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line in question runs on into the next </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="weak">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is weakly enjambed </desc>
    </valItem>
    <valItem ident="strong">
     <equiv/>
     <desc>the line is strongly enjambed</desc>
    </valItem>
   </valList>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</classSpec>

24.5.4.2. Classes

<attDef ident="full" usage="opt">
 <defaultVal>yes</defaultVal>
 <valList type="closed">
  <valItem ident="yes">
   <desc>the name component is spelled out in full.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="abb">
   <gloss>abbreviated</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is given in an abbreviated form.</desc>
  </valItem>
  <valItem ident="init">
   <gloss>initial letter</gloss>
   <desc>the name component is indicated only by one initial.</desc>
  </valItem>
 </valList>
</attDef>

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C Elements

<textNode>

<textNode> indicates the presence of a text node in a content model. [23. Documentation Elements]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.contentPart

Contained by

tagdocs: alternate content sequence

May contain
Empty element

Example

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="seg"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element textNode
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

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C Elements

Example: <textNode>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <textNode> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <textNode> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

24. Using the TEI

23. Documentation Elements

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>contains literal code</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>the language of the code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs"
 xml:id="fr_Code" ident="code">
 <desc>contient le code littéral</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>la langue du code</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<elementSpec>

<elementSpec module="tagdocs" ident="code">
 <gloss/>
 <desc>包含文字規則</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.emphLike"/>
 </classes>
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
 <attList>
  <attDef ident="type" usage="opt">
   <desc>規則的表達方式</desc>
   <datatype>
    <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
   </datatype>
  </attDef>
 </attList>
</elementSpec>

<macroSpec>

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

<textNode>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
  <elementRef key="seg"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

<anyElement>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <anyElement require="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples/1.0"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

24. Using the TEI

24.3.1.2. Modification of Content Models

<elementSpec ident="term" module="core"
 mode="change">
 <content>
  <textNode/>
 </content>
</elementSpec>

24.5.4.1. Macros

<macroSpec module="tei"
 ident="macro.phraseSeq">
 <content>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <textNode/>
   <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
   <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
   <classRef key="model.global"/>
  </alternate>
 </content>
</macroSpec>

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C Elements

<anyElement>

<anyElement> indicates the presence of any elements in a content model. [23. Documentation Elements]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

att.repeatable

@minOccurs

@maxOccurs

require require⚓︎
supplies a list of namespaces to one of which the permitted elements must belong.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.namespace separated by whitespace

except except⚓︎
supplies a list of namespaces or prefixed element names which are not permitted.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.namespaceOrName separated by whitespace

Note

When RELAX NG DTD Compatibility Mode is turned on, validation requires that any elements which may take an xml:id be excluded from the content of anyName name classes. For normal TEI purposes, this includes anything in the TEI namespace and the egXML element. Default elements and namespaces to be excluded are set on the defaultExceptions attribute of the schemaSpec. except may be used when the exceptions need to be locally specified. Element prefixes must be declared using a namespace declaration on the parent or an ancestor element.

Member of

model.contentPart

Contained by

tagdocs: alternate content sequence

May contain
Empty element

Example

<content>
 <anyElement except="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"/>
</content>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This content element permits one occurrence of any element which does not belong to the TEI namespace.

Example

<content>
 <anyElement minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"
  require="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples/1.0"/>
</content>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This content element permits one or more elements which belong either to the MathML namespace or to the TEI examples namespace.

Example

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <anyElement require="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples/1.0"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

This content element permits one or more children which are either text nodes or elements from the TEI examples namespace. It is the equivalent of the content model ANY in an XML DTD using the TEI All schema.

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element anyElement
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   att.repeatable.attributes,
   (
      attribute require { list { teidata.namespace+ } }?
    | attribute except { list { teidata.namespaceOrName+ } }?
   ),
   empty
}

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C Elements

Example: <anyElement>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <anyElement> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <anyElement> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

<anyElement>

<content>
 <anyElement except="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"/>
</content>

<anyElement>

<content>
 <anyElement minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded"
  require="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples/1.0"/>
</content>

<anyElement>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="1"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <anyElement require="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples/1.0"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

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C Elements

<empty>

<empty> indicates the presence of an empty node within a content model. [23. Documentation Elements]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Attributes

att.global

@xml:id

@n

@xml:lang

@xml:base

@xml:space

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

Member of

model.contentPart

Contained by

tagdocs: alternate content sequence

May contain
Empty element

Example

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <empty/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

bibliography Show all ⚓︎

Content model

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element empty
{
   att.global.attributes,
   att.global.analytic.attributes,
   att.global.change.attributes,
   att.global.facs.attributes,
   att.global.linking.attributes,
   att.global.rendition.attributes,
   att.global.responsibility.attributes,
   att.global.source.attributes,
   empty
}

TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.10.1. Last updated on 28th August 2025, revision 3cd82e7a3. This page generated on 2025-08-28T17:08:49Z.

P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

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C Elements

Example: <empty>

These search results reproduce every example of the use of <empty> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <empty> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.

23. Documentation Elements

23. Documentation Elements

<content>

<content>
 <empty/>
</content>

<empty>

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <empty/>
  <elementRef key="hi"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

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B Attribute Classes

att.anchoring

att.anchoring (anchoring) provides attributes for use on annotations, e.g. notes and groups of notes describing the existence and position of an anchor for annotations.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
note noteGrp

Attributes

anchored anchored⚓︎
(anchored) indicates whether the copy text shows the exact place of reference for the note.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Default
true

Note

In modern texts, notes are usually anchored by means of explicit footnote or endnote symbols. An explicit indication of the phrase or line annotated may however be used instead (e.g. ‘page 218, lines 3–4’). The anchored attribute indicates whether any explicit location is given, whether by symbol or by prose cross-reference. The value true indicates that such an explicit location is indicated in the copy text; the value false indicates that the copy text does not indicate a specific place of attachment for the note. If the specific symbols used in the copy text at the location the note is anchored are to be recorded, use the n attribute.

targetEnd targetEnd⚓︎
(target end) points to the end of the span to which the note is attached, if the note is not embedded in the text at that point.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

This attribute is retained for backwards compatibility; it may be removed at a subsequent release of the Guidelines. The recommended way of pointing to a span of elements is by means of the range function of XPointer, as further described in 17.2.4.6. range().

Example

<p>(...) tamen reuerendos dominos archiepiscopum et canonicos Leopolienses
necnon episcopum in duplicibus Quatuortemporibus<anchor xml:id="A55234"/> totaliter expediui...</p>
<!-- elsewhere in the document -->
<noteGrp targetEnd="#A55234">
 <note xml:lang="en"> Quatuor Tempora, so called dry fast days.
 </note>
 <note xml:lang="pl"> Quatuor Tempora, tzw. Suche dni postne.
 </note>
</noteGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

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B Attribute Classes

att.ascribed

att.ascribed provides attributes for elements representing speech or action that can be ascribed to a specific individual. [3.3.3. Quotation 8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.ascribed.directed [kinesic move pause q said sp spGrp stage u vocal writing] annotationBlock change incident post setting shift

Attributes

who who⚓︎
indicates the person, or group of people, to whom the element content is ascribed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

In the following example from Hamlet, speeches (sp) in the body of the play are linked to role elements in the castList using the who attribute.

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Barnardo">Bernardo</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="Francisco">Francisco</role>
 <roleDesc>a soldier</roleDesc>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#Barnardo">
 <speaker>Bernardo</speaker>
 <l n="1">Who's there?</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#Francisco">
 <speaker>Francisco</speaker>
 <l n="2">Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself.</l>
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note

For transcribed speech, this will typically identify a participant or participant group; in other contexts, it will point to any identified person element.

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B Attribute Classes

att.breaking

att.breaking provides attributes to indicate whether or not the element concerned is considered to mark the end of an orthographic token in the same way as whitespace. [3.11.3. Milestone Elements]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
cb gb lb milestone pb

Attributes

break break⚓︎
indicates whether or not the element bearing this attribute should be considered to mark the end of an orthographic token in the same way as whitespace.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include

yes

the element bearing this attribute is considered to mark the end of any adjacent orthographic token irrespective of the presence of any adjacent whitespace

no

the element bearing this attribute is considered not to mark the end of any adjacent orthographic token irrespective of the presence of any adjacent whitespace

maybe

the encoding does not take any position on this issue.

In the following lines from the Dream of the Rood, the words lāðost and reord-berendum each start on one line and continue onto the next.

<ab> ...eƿesa tome iu icƿæs ȝeƿorden ƿita heardoſt .
leodum la<lb break="no"/> ðost ærþan ichim lifes
ƿeȝ rihtne ȝerymde reord be<lb break="no"/>
rendum hƿæt me þaȝeƿeorðode ƿuldres ealdor ofer...
</ab>

⚓︎

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B Attribute Classes

att.cReferencing

att.cReferencing provides attributes that may be used to supply a canonical reference as a means of identifying the target of a pointer.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
gloss ptr ref term

Attributes

cRef cRef⚓︎
(canonical reference) specifies the destination of the pointer by supplying a canonical reference expressed using the scheme defined in a refsDecl element in the TEI header.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

Note

The value of cRef should be constructed so that when the algorithm for the resolution of canonical references (described in section 17.2.5. Canonical References) is applied to it the result is a valid URI reference to the intended target.

The refsDecl to use may be indicated with the decls attribute.

Currently these Guidelines only provide for a single canonical reference to be encoded on any given ptr element.

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B Attribute Classes

att.canonical

att.canonical provides attributes that can be used to associate a representation such as a name or title with canonical information about the object being named or referenced. [14.1.1. Linking Names and Their Referents]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.naming [att.personal [addName eventName forename genName name objectName orgName persName placeName roleName surname] affiliation author birth bloc climate collection country death district editor education event geogFeat geogName institution nationality occupation offset origPlace population pubPlace region repository residence rs settlement socecStatus state terrain trait] actor authority bibl biblFull biblStruct catDesc correspDesc date distributor docAuthor docTitle faith funder material meeting object objectType post principal publisher relation resp respStmt sponsor term time title unitDecl unitDef

Attributes

key key⚓︎
provides an externally-defined means of identifying the entity (or entities) being named, using a coded value of some kind.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

<author>
 <name key="Hugo, Victor (1802-1885)"
  ref="http://www.idref.fr/026927608">Victor Hugo</name>
</author>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note

The value may be a unique identifier from a database, or any other externally-defined string identifying the referent. No particular syntax is proposed for the values of the key attribute, since its form will depend entirely on practice within a given project.

ref ref⚓︎
(reference) provides an explicit means of locating a full definition or identity for the entity being named by means of one or more URIs.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

<name ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/109557338"
 type="person">Seamus Heaney</name>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note

The value must point directly to one or more XML elements or other resources by means of one or more URIs, separated by whitespace. If more than one is supplied the implication is that the name identifies several distinct entities.

Example

In this contrived example, a canonical reference to the same organisation is provided in four different ways.

<author n="1">
 <name ref="http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/name-427308.html"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

<author n="2">
 <name ref="nzvn:427308"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

<author n="3">
 <name ref="./named_entities.xml#o427308"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

<author n="4">
 <name key="name-427308"
  type="organisation">New Zealand Parliament, Legislative Council</name>
</author>

bibliography ⚓︎

The first presumes the availability of an internet connection and a processor that can resolve a URI (most can). The second requires, in addition, a prefixDef that declares how the nzvm prefix should be interpreted. The third does not require an internet connection, but does require that a file named named_entities.xml be in the same directory as the TEI document. The fourth requires that an entire external system for key resolution be available.

Note

The key attribute is more flexible and general-purpose, but its use in interchange requires that documentation about how the key is to be resolved be sent to the recipient of the TEI document. In contrast values of the ref attribute are resolved using the widely accepted protocols for a URI, and thus less documentation, if any, is likely required by the recipient in data interchange.

These guidelines provide no semantic basis or suggested precedence when both key and ref are provided. For this reason simultaneous use of both is not recommended unless documentation explaining the use is provided, probably in an ODD customization, for interchange.

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B Attribute Classes

att.citing

att.citing provides attributes for specifying the specific part of a bibliographic item being cited. [1.3.1. Attribute Classes]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
biblScope citedRange

Attributes

unit unit⚓︎
identifies the unit of information conveyed by the element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

volume

(volume) the element contains a volume number.

issue

the element contains an issue number, or volume and issue numbers.

page

(page) the element contains a page number or page range.

line

the element contains a line number or line range.

chapter

(chapter) the element contains a chapter indication (number and/or title)

part

the element identifies a part of a book or collection.

column

the element identifies a column.

entry

the element identifies an entry number or label in a list of entries.

from from⚓︎
specifies the starting point of the range of units indicated by the unit attribute.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.word

to to⚓︎
specifies the end-point of the range of units indicated by the unit attribute.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.word

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B Attribute Classes

att.cmc

att.cmc (computer-mediated communication) provides attributes categorizing how the element content was created in a CMC environment.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
ab abbr add addName address affiliation alt altGrp anchor argument bibl biblFull biblStruct binaryObject bloc byline c cb choice cit cl climate closer corr country date dateline del desc distinct district docAuthor docDate email emph epigraph expan fLib figure floatingText foreign forename formula fs fvLib gap gb genName geo geogFeat geogName gloss graphic head hi idno incident index interp interpGrp join joinGrp kinesic l label lb lg link linkGrp list listBibl listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation location m measure measureGrp media meeting mentioned milestone name nameLink notatedMusic note noteGrp num objectName offset opener orgName orig p pause pb pc persName persPronouns phr placeName population post postscript ptr q quote ref reg region roleName rs ruby s said salute seg settlement shift sic signed soCalled span spanGrp stage state surname table term terrain time timeline title trailer trait unclear unit vocal w writing

Attributes

generatedBy generatedBy⚓︎
(generated by) categorizes how the content of an element was generated in a CMC environment.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@generatedBy]">
<sch:assert test="ancestor-or-self::tei:post">The @generatedBy attribute is for use within a <post> element.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Suggested values include:

human

the content was ‘naturally’ typed or spoken by a human user

template

the content was generated after a human user activated a template for its insertion

system

the content was generated by the system, i.e. the CMC environment

bot

the content was generated by a bot, i.e. a non-human agent, typically one that is not part of the CMC environment itself

unspecified

the content was generated by an unknown or unspecified process

automatic system message in chat: user moves on to another chatroom

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 who="#system" rend="color:blue">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A02">McMike</name> geht
   in einen anderen Raum: <name type="roomname">Kreuzfahrt</name>
 </p>
</post>

⚓︎

automatic system message in chat: user enters a chatroom

<post type="event" generatedBy="system">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A08">c_bo</name> betritt
   den Raum. </p>
</post>

⚓︎

automatic system message in chat: user changes his font color

<post type="event" generatedBy="system"
 rend="color:red">
 <p>
  <name type="nickname" corresp="#A08">c_bo</name> hat die
   Farbe gewechselt.
 </p>
</post>

⚓︎

An automatic signature of user including an automatic timestamp (Wikipedia discussion, anonymized). The specification of generatedBy at the inner element signed is meant to override the specification at the outer element post. This is generally possible when the outer generatedBy value is "human".

<post type="standard" generatedBy="human"
 indentLevel="2" synch="#t00394407" who="#WU00005582">
 <p> Kurze Nachfrage: Die Hieros für den Goldnamen stammen
   auch von Beckerath gem. Literatur ? Grüße --</p>
 <signed generatedBy="template"
  rend="inline">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">18:50, 22. Okt. 2008 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

⚓︎

Wikipedia talk page: user signature

<post type="written" generatedBy="human">
<!-- ... main content of posting ... -->
 <signed generatedBy="template">
  <gap reason="signatureContent"/>
  <time generatedBy="template">12:01, 12. Jun. 2009 (CEST)</time>
 </signed>
</post>

⚓︎

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B Attribute Classes

att.datable.custom

att.datable.custom provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events to a custom dating system (i.e. other than the Gregorian used by W3 and ISO). [14.4. Dates]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Members
att.datable [att.gaijiProp [localProp unicodeProp unihanProp] acquisition affiliation age altIdentifier application author binding birth bloc change climate conversion country creation custEvent date death district docDate editor education event eventName faith floruit funder gender geogFeat geogName idno langKnowledge langKnown licence location mapping meeting name nationality objectName occupation offset orgName origDate origPlace origin persName persPronouns placeName population post precision principal provenance region relation residence resp seal settlement sex socecStatus sponsor stamp state terrain time title trait unitDecl unitDef]

Attributes

when-custom when-custom⚓︎
supplies the value of a date or time in some custom standard form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

The following are examples of custom date or time formats that are not valid ISO or W3C format normalizations, normalized to a different dating system

<p>Alhazen died in Cairo on the
<date when="1040-03-06"
  when-custom="431-06-12"> 12th day of Jumada t-Tania, 430 AH
 </date>.</p>
<p>The current world will end at the
<date when="2012-12-21"
  when-custom="13.0.0.0.0">end of B'ak'tun 13</date>.</p>
<p>The Battle of Meggidu
(<date when-custom="Thutmose_III:23">23rd year of reign of Thutmose III</date>).</p>
<p>Esidorus bixit in pace annos LXX plus minus sub
<date when-custom="Ind:4-10-11">die XI mensis Octobris indictione IIII</date>
</p>

⚓︎

Not all custom date formulations will have Gregorian equivalents.

The when-custom attribute and other custom dating are not constrained to a datatype by the TEI, but individual projects are recommended to regularize and document their dating formats.

notBefore-custom notBefore-custom⚓︎
specifies the earliest possible date for the event in some custom standard form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

notAfter-custom notAfter-custom⚓︎
specifies the latest possible date for the event in some custom standard form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

from-custom from-custom⚓︎
indicates the starting point of the period in some custom standard form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

<event xml:id="FIRE1"
 datingMethod="#julian" from-custom="1666-09-02"
 to-custom="1666-09-05">
 <head>The Great Fire of London</head>
 <p>The Great Fire of London burned through a large part
   of the city of London.</p>
</event>

⚓︎

to-custom to-custom⚓︎
indicates the ending point of the period in some custom standard form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

datingPoint datingPoint⚓︎
supplies a pointer to some location defining a named point in time with reference to which the datable item is understood to have occurred.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

datingMethod datingMethod⚓︎
supplies a pointer to a calendar element or other means of interpreting the values of the custom dating attributes.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increaſe, Moderne
eſtate, and deſcription of that Citie, written in the yeare
<date when-custom="1598" calendar="#julian"
 datingMethod="#julian">1598</date>. by Iohn Stow
Citizen of London.

bibliography ⚓︎

In this example, the calendar attribute points to a calendar element for the Julian calendar, specifying that the text content of the date element is a Julian date, and the datingMethod attribute also points to the Julian calendar to indicate that the content of the when-custom attribute value is Julian too.

<date when="1382-06-28"
 when-custom="6890-06-20" datingMethod="#creationOfWorld"> μηνὶ Ἰουνίου εἰς <num>κ</num> ἔτους <num>ςωϞ</num>
</date>

⚓︎

In this example, a date is given in a Mediaeval text measured ‘from the creation of the world’, which is normalized (in when) to the Gregorian date, but is also normalized (in when-custom) to a machine-actionable, numeric version of the date from the Creation.

Note

Note that the datingMethod attribute (unlike calendar defined in att.datable) defines the calendar or dating system to which the date described by the parent element is normalized (i.e. in the when-custom or other X-custom attributes), not the calendar of the original date in the element.

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B Attribute Classes

att.datable.w3c

att.datable.w3c provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events conforming to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. [3.6.4. Dates and Times 14.4. Dates]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.datable [att.gaijiProp [localProp unicodeProp unihanProp] acquisition affiliation age altIdentifier application author binding birth bloc change climate conversion country creation custEvent date death district docDate editor education event eventName faith floruit funder gender geogFeat geogName idno langKnowledge langKnown licence location mapping meeting name nationality objectName occupation offset orgName origDate origPlace origin persName persPronouns placeName population post precision principal provenance region relation residence resp seal settlement sex socecStatus sponsor stamp state terrain time title trait unitDecl unitDef]

Attributes

when when⚓︎
supplies the value of the date or time in a standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.w3c

Examples of W3C date, time, and date & time formats.

<p>
 <date when="1945-10-24">24 Oct 45</date>
 <date when="1996-09-24T07:25:00Z">September 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date>
 <time when="1999-01-04T20:42:00-05:00">Jan 4 1999 at 8 pm</time>
 <time when="14:12:38">fourteen twelve and 38 seconds</time>
 <date when="1962-10">October of 1962</date>
 <date when="--06-12">June 12th</date>
 <date when="---01">the first of the month</date>
 <date when="--08">August</date>
 <date when="2006">MMVI</date>
 <date when="0056">AD 56</date>
 <date when="-0056">56 BC</date>
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

This list begins in
the year 1632, more precisely on Trinity Sunday, i.e. the Sunday after
Pentecost, in that year the
<date calendar="#julian" when="1632-06-06">27th of May (old style)</date>.

⚓︎

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <placeName>Dorchester, Village,</placeName>
  <date when="1828-03-02">March 2d. 1828.</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>To
   Mrs. Cornell,</salute> Sunday <time when="12:00:00">noon.</time>
</opener>

⚓︎

notBefore notBefore⚓︎
specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.w3c

notAfter notAfter⚓︎
specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.w3c

from from⚓︎
indicates the starting point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.w3c

to to⚓︎
indicates the ending point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.w3c

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@when]">
<sch:report test="@notBefore|@notAfter|@from|@to"
 role="nonfatal">The @when attribute cannot be used with any other att.datable.w3c attributes.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@from]">
<sch:report test="@notBefore"
 role="nonfatal">The @from and @notBefore attributes cannot be used together.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@to]">
<sch:report test="@notAfter"
 role="nonfatal">The @to and @notAfter attributes cannot be used together.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Example

<date from="1863-05-28" to="1863-06-01">28 May through 1 June 1863</date>

⚓︎

Note

The value of these attributes should be a normalized representation of the date, time, or combined date & time intended, in any of the standard formats specified by XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, using the Gregorian calendar.

The most commonly-encountered format for the date portion of a temporal attribute is yyyy-mm-dd, but yyyy, --mm, ---dd, yyyy-mm, or --mm-dd may also be used. For the time part, the form hh:mm:ss is used.

Note that this format does not currently permit use of the value 0000 to represent the year 1 BCE; instead the value -0001 should be used.

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B Attribute Classes

att.datcat

att.datcat provides attributes that are used to align XML elements or attributes with the appropriate Data Categories (DCs) defined by an external taxonomy, in this way establishing the identity of information containers and values, and providing means of interpreting them. [10.5.2. Lexical View 19.3. Other Atomic Feature Values]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.lexicographic [case colloc def entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth pRef per pos pron re sense subc syll tns usg xr] att.segLike [c cl m pc phr s seg w] binary category f fDecl fs fsDecl numeric string symbol tagUsage taxonomy

Attributes

datcat datcat⚓︎
provides a pointer to a definition of, and/or general information about, (a) an information container (element or attribute) or (b) a value of an information container (element content or attribute value), by referencing an external taxonomy or ontology. If valueDatcat is present in the immediate context, this attribute takes on role (a), while valueDatcat performs role (b).

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

valueDatcat valueDatcat⚓︎
provides a definition of, and/or general information about a value of an information container (element content or attribute value), by reference to an external taxonomy or ontology. Used especially where a contrast with datcat is needed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

targetDatcat targetDatcat⚓︎
provides a definition of, and/or general information about, information structure of an object referenced or modeled by the containing element, by reference to an external taxonomy or ontology. This attribute has the characteristics of the datcat attribute, except that it addresses not its containing element, but an object that is being referenced or modeled by its containing element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Example

The example below presents the TEI encoding of the name-value pair <part of speech, common noun>, where the name (key) ‘part of speech’ is abbreviated as ‘POS’, and the value, ‘common noun’ is symbolized by ‘NN’. The entire name-value pair is encoded by means of the element f. In TEI XML, that element acts as the container, labeled with the name attribute. Its contents may be complex or simple. In the case at hand, the content is the symbol ‘NN’.

The datcat attribute relates the feature name (i.e., the key) to the data category ‘part of speech’, while the attribute valueDatcat relates the feature value to the data category common noun. Both these data categories should be defined in an external and preferably open reference taxonomy or ontology.

<fs>
 <f name="POS"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
  <symbol valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"
   value="NN"/>
 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

⚓︎

‘NN’ is the symbol for common noun used e.g. in the CLAWS-7 tagset defined by the University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language at the University of Lancaster. The very same data category used for tagging an early version of the British National Corpus, and coming from the BNC Basic (C5) tagset, uses the symbol ‘NN0’ (rather than ‘NN’). Making these values semantically interoperable would be extremely difficult without a human expert if they were not anchored in a single point of an established reference taxonomy of morphosyntactic data categories. In the case at hand, the string ‘http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545’ is both a persistent identifier of the data category in question, as well as a pointer to a shared definition of common noun.

While the symbols ‘NN’, ‘NN0’, and many others (often coming from languages other than English) are implicitly members of the container category ‘part of speech’, it is sometimes useful not to rely on such an implicit relationship but rather use an explicit identifier for that data category, to distinguish it from other morphosyntactic data categories, such as gender, tense, etc. For that purpose, the above example uses the datcat attribute to reference a definition of part of speech. The reference taxonomy in this example is the CLARIN Concept Registry.

If the feature structure markup exemplified above is to be repeated many times in a single document, it is much more efficient to gather the persistent identifiers in a single place and to only reference them, implicitly or directly, from feature structure markup. The following example is much more concise than the one above and relies on the concepts of feature structure declaration and feature value library, discussed in chapter 19. Feature Structures.

<fs>
 <f name="POS" fVal="#commonNoun"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

⚓︎

The assumption here is that the relevant feature values are collected in a place that the annotation document in question has access to — preferably, a single document per linguistic resource, for example an fsdDecl that is XIncluded as a sibling of text or a child of encodingDesc; a taxonomy available resource-wide (e.g., in a shared header) is also an option.

The example below presents an fvLib element that collects the relevant feature values (most of them omitted). At the same time, this example shows one way of encoding a tagset, i.e., an established inventory of values of (in the case at hand) morphosyntactic categories.

<fvLib n="POS values">
 <symbol xml:id="commonNoun" value="NN"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <symbol xml:id="properNoun" value="NP"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

⚓︎

Note that these Guidelines do not prescribe a specific choice between datcat and valueDatcat in such cases. The former is the generic way of referencing a data category, whereas the latter is more specific, in that it references a data category that represents a value. The choice between them comes into play where a single element — or a tight element complex, such as the f/symbol complex illustrated above — make it necessary or useful to distinguish between the container data category and its value.

Example

In the context of dictionaries designed with semantic interoperability in mind, the following example ensures that the pos element is interpreted as the same information container as in the case of the example of <f name="POS"> above.

<gramGrp>
 <pos datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"
  valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545">NN</pos>
</gramGrp>

⚓︎

Efficiency of this type of interoperable markup demands that the references to the particular data categories should best be provided in a single place within the dictionary (or a single place within the project), rather than being repeated inside every entry. For the container elements, this can be achieved at the level of tagUsage, although here, the valueDatcat attribute should be used, because it is not the tagUsage element that is associated with the relevant data category, but rather the element pos (or case, etc.) that is described by tagUsage:

<tagsDecl partial="true">
<!-- ... -->
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="pos"
   targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">Contains the part of speech.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="case"
   targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1840_9f4e319c-f233-6c90-9117-7270e215f039">Contains information about the grammatical case that the described form is inflected for.</tagUsage>
<!-- ... -->
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>

⚓︎

Another possibility is to shorten the URIs by means of the prefixDef mechanism, as illustrated below:

<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="pos"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>
 <prefixDef ident="ccr" matchPattern="adj"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157"/>
</listPrefixDef>
<!-- ... -->
<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="ccr:pos"
   valueDatcat="ccr:adj">adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

⚓︎

This mechanism creates implications that are not always wanted, among others, in the case at hand, suggesting that the identifiers ‘pos’ and ‘adj’ belong to a namespace associated with the CLARIN Concept Repository (CCR), whereas that is solely a shorthand mechanism whose scope is the current resource. Documenting this clearly in the header of the dictionary is therefore advised.

Yet another possibility is to associate the information about the relationship between a TEI markup element and the data category that it is intended to model already at the level of modeling the dictionary resource, that is, at the level of the ODD, in the equiv element that is a child of elementSpec or attDef.

Example

The taxonomy element is a handy tool for encoding taxonomies that are later referenced by att.datcat attributes, but it can also act as an intermediary device, for example holding a fragment of an external taxonomy (or ‘flattening’ an external ontology) that is relevant to the project or document at hand. (It is also imaginable that, for the purpose of the project at hand, the local taxonomy element combines vocabularies that originate from more than one external taxonomy or ontology.) In such cases, the taxonomy creates a local layer of indirection: the att.datcat attributes internal to the resource may reference the category elements stored in the header (as well as the taxonomy element itself), whereas these same category and taxonomy elements use att.datcat attributes to reference the original taxonomy or ontology.

<encodingDesc>
<!-- ... -->
 <classDecl>
<!-- ... -->
  <taxonomy xml:id="UD-SYN"
   datcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/index.html">
   <desc>
    <term>UD syntactic relations</term>
   </desc>
   <category xml:id="acl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl</term>: Clausal modifier of noun (adjectival clause)</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="acl_relcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl-relcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>acl:relcl</term>: relative clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
   <category xml:id="advcl"
    valueDatcat="https://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/advcl.html">
    <catDesc>
     <term>advcl</term>: Adverbial clause modifier</catDesc>
   </category>
<!-- ... -->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>

⚓︎

The above fragment was excerpted from the GB subset of the ParlaMint project in April 2023, and enriched with att.datcat attributes for the purpose of illustrating the mechanism described here.

Note that, in the ideal case, the values of att.datcat attributes should be persistent identifiers, and that the addressing scheme of Universal Dependencies is treated here as persistent for the sake of illustration. Note also that the contrast between datcat used on taxonomy on the one hand, and the valueDatcat used on category on the other, is not mandatory: both kinds of relations could be encoded by means of the generic datcat attribute, but using the former for the container and the latter for the content is more user-friendly.

Example

The targetDatcat attribute is designed to be used in, e.g., feature structure declarations, and is analogous to the targetLang attribute of the att.pointing class, in that it describes the object that is being referenced, rather than the referencing object.

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>
   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>
<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

⚓︎

Above, the fDecl uses targetDatcat, because if it were to use datcat, it would be asserting that it is an instance of the container data category part of speech, whereas it is not — it models a container (f) that encodes a part of speech. Note also that it is the f that is modeled above, not its values, which are used as direct references to data categories; hence the use of datcat in the symbol element.

Example

The att.datcat attributes can be used for any sort of taxonomies. The example below illustrates their usefulness for describing usage domain labels in dictionaries on the example of the Diccionario da Lingua Portugueza by António de Morais Silva, retro-digitised in the MORDigital project.

<!-- in the dictionary header --><encodingDesc>
 <classDecl>
  <taxonomy xml:id="domains">
<!--...-->
   <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences">
    <catDesc xml:lang="en">Medical and Health Sciences</catDesc>
    <catDesc xml:lang="pt">Ciências Médicas e da Saúde</catDesc>
    <category xml:id="domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine"
     valueDatcat="https://vocabs.rossio.fcsh.unl.pt/pub/morais_domains/pt/page/0025">
     <catDesc xml:lang="en">
      <term>Medicine</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
     <catDesc xml:lang="pt">
      <term>Medicina</term>
      <gloss>
<!--...-->
      </gloss>
     </catDesc>
    </category>
   </category>
<!--...-->
  </taxonomy>
 </classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
<!-- inside an <entry> element: -->
<usg type="domain"
 valueDatcat="#domain.medical_and_health_sciences.medicine">Med.</usg>

⚓︎

In the Morais dictionary, the relevant domain labels are in the header, getting referenced inside the dictionary, from usg elements. The vocabulary used for dictionary-internal labelling is in turn anchored in the MorDigital controlled vocabulary service of the NOVA University of Lisbon – School of Social Sciences and Humanities (NOVA FCSH).

Note

The TEI Abstract Model can be expressed as a hierarchy of attribute-value matrices (AVMs) of various types and of various levels of complexity, nested or grouped in various ways. At the most abstract level, an AVM consists of an information container and the value (contents) of that container.

A simple example of an XML serialization of such structures is, on the one hand, the opening and closing tags that delimit and name the container, and, on the other, the content enclosed by the two tags that constitues the value. An analogous example is an attribute name and the value of that attribute.

In a TEI XML example of two equivalent serializations expressing the name-value pair <part-of-speech,common-noun>, namely <pos>commonNoun</pos> and pos="common-noun", one would classify the element pos and the attribute pos as containers (mapping onto the first member of the relevant name-value pair), while the character data content of pos or the value of pos would be seen as mapping onto the second member of the pair.

The att.datcat class provides means of addressing the containers and their values, while at the same time providing a way to interpret them in the context of external taxonomies or ontologies. Aligning e.g. both the pos element and the pos attribute with the same value of an external reference point (i.e., an entry in an agreed taxonomy) affirms the identity of the concept serialised by both the element container and the attribute container, and optionally provides a definition of that concept (in the case at hand, the concept part of speech).

The value of the att.datcat attributes should be a PID (persistent identifier) that points to a specific — and, ideally, shared — taxonomy or ontology. Among the resources that can, to a lesser or greater extent, be used as inventories of (more or less) standardized linguistic categories are the GOLD ontology, CLARIN CCR, OLiA, or TermWeb's DatCatInfo, and also the Universal Dependencies inventory, on the assumption that its URIs are going to persist. It is imaginable that a project may choose to address a local taxonomy store instead, but this risks losing the advantage of interchangeability with other projects.

Historically, datcat and valueDatcat originate from the (now obsolete) ISO 12620:2009 standard, describing the data model and procedures for a Data Category Registry (DCR). The current version of that standard, ISO 12620-1, does not standardize the serialization of pointers, merely mentioning the TEI att.datcat as an example.

Note that no constraint prevents the occurrence of a combination of att.datcat attributes: the fDecl element, which is a natural bearer of the targetDatcat attribute, is an instance of a specific modeling element, and, in principle, could be semantically fixed by an appropriate reference taxonomy of modeling devices.

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B Attribute Classes

att.declarable

att.declarable provides attributes for those elements in the TEI header which may be independently selected by means of the special purpose decls attribute. [16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
availability bibl biblFull biblStruct broadcast correction correspDesc editorialDecl equipment geoDecl hyphenation interpretation langUsage listApp listBibl listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace metDecl normalization particDesc projectDesc punctuation quotation recording refsDecl samplingDecl scriptStmt segmentation seriesStmt settingDesc sourceDesc stdVals styleDefDecl textClass textDesc xenoData

Attributes

default default⚓︎
indicates whether or not this element is selected by default when its parent is selected.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Legal values are:

true

This element is selected if its parent is selected

false

This element can only be selected explicitly, unless it is the only one of its kind, in which case it is selected if its parent is selected. [Default]

Note

The rules governing the association of declarable elements with individual parts of a TEI text are fully defined in chapter 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text. Only one element of a particular type may have a default attribute with a value of true.

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B Attribute Classes

att.declaring

att.declaring provides attributes for elements which may be independently associated with a particular declarable element within the header, thus overriding the inherited default for that element. [16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
ab back body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 facsimile floatingText front geo gloss graphic group lg listAnnotation media msDesc object p ptr ref sourceDoc standOff surface surfaceGrp term text u

Attributes

decls decls⚓︎
(declarations) identifies one or more declarable elements within the header, which are understood to apply to the element bearing this attribute and its content.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

The rules governing the association of declarable elements with individual parts of a TEI text are fully defined in chapter 16.3. Associating Contextual Information with a Text.

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B Attribute Classes

att.docStatus

att.docStatus provides attributes for use on metadata elements describing the status of a document.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
bibl biblFull biblStruct change msDesc object post revisionDesc schemaSpec

Attributes

status status⚓︎
describes the status of a document either currently or, when associated with a dated element, at the time indicated.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

approved

candidate

cleared

deprecated

draft

[Default]

embargoed

expired

frozen

galley

proposed

published

recommendation

submitted

unfinished

withdrawn

Example

<revisionDesc status="published">
 <change when="2010-10-21"
  status="published"/>
 <change when="2010-10-02" status="cleared"/>
 <change when="2010-08-02"
  status="embargoed"/>
 <change when="2010-05-01" status="frozen"
  who="#MSM"/>
 <change when="2010-03-01" status="draft"
  who="#LB"/>
</revisionDesc>

bibliography ⚓︎

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B Attribute Classes

att.duration.w3c

att.duration.w3c provides attributes for recording normalized temporal durations. [3.6.4. Dates and Times 14.4. Dates]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.duration [att.timed [annotationBlock binaryObject ellipsis gap incident kinesic media pause post u vocal writing] date recording time]

Attributes

dur dur⚓︎
(duration) indicates the length of this element in time.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.duration.w3c

Note

If both when and dur are specified, the values should be interpreted as indicating a span of time by its starting time (or date) and duration. In order to represent a time range by a duration and its ending time the when-iso attribute must be used.

In providing a ‘regularized’ form, no claim is made that the form in the source text is incorrect; the regularized form is simply that chosen as the main form for purposes of unifying variant forms under a single heading.

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B Attribute Classes

att.editLike

att.editLike provides attributes describing the nature of an encoded scholarly intervention or interpretation of any kind. [3.5. Simple Editorial Changes 11.3.1. Origination 14.3.2. The Person Element 12.3.1.1. Core Elements for Transcriptional Work]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.transcriptional [add addSpan del delSpan mod redo restore retrace rt subst substJoin undo] affiliation age am birth climate corr date death education event eventName ex expan faith floruit gap gender geogFeat geogName langKnowledge langKnown location name nationality objectName occupation offset org orgName origDate origPlace origin persName persPronouns person persona place placeName population reg relation residence secl sex socecStatus state supplied surplus terrain time trait unclear

Attributes

evidence evidence⚓︎
indicates the nature of the evidence supporting the reliability or accuracy of the intervention or interpretation.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Suggested values include:

internal

there is internal evidence to support the intervention.

external

there is external evidence to support the intervention.

conjecture

the intervention or interpretation has been made by the editor, cataloguer, or scholar on the basis of their expertise.

instant instant⚓︎
indicates whether this is an instant revision or not.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Default
false

Note

The members of this attribute class are typically used to represent any kind of editorial intervention in a text, for example a correction or interpretation, or to date or localize manuscripts etc.

Each pointer on the source (if present) corresponding to a witness or witness group should reference a bibliographic citation such as a witness, msDesc, or bibl element, or another external bibliographic citation, documenting the source concerned.

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B Attribute Classes

att.edition

att.edition provides attributes identifying the source edition from which some encoded feature derives.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
cb gb lb milestone pb refState

Attributes

ed ed⚓︎
(edition) supplies a sigil or other arbitrary identifier for the source edition in which the associated feature (for example, a page, column, or line beginning) occurs at this point in the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

edRef edRef⚓︎
(edition reference) provides a pointer to the source edition in which the associated feature (for example, a page, column, or line beginning) occurs at this point in the text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Example

<l>Of Mans First Disobedience,<lb ed="1674"/> and<lb ed="1667"/> the Fruit</l>
<l>Of that Forbidden Tree, whose<lb ed="1667 1674"/> mortal tast</l>
<l>Brought Death into the World,<lb ed="1667"/> and all<lb ed="1674"/> our woe,</l>

⚓︎

Example

<listBibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1937">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Methuen</publisher>, <date>1937</date>
 </bibl>
 <bibl xml:id="stapledon1968">
  <author>Olaf Stapledon</author>,
 <title>Starmaker</title>, <publisher>Dover</publisher>, <date>1968</date>
 </bibl>
</listBibl>
<!-- ... -->
<p>Looking into the future aeons from the supreme moment of
the cosmos, I saw the populations still with all their
strength maintaining the<pb n="411" edRef="#stapledon1968"/>essentials of their ancient culture,
still living their personal lives in zest and endless
novelty of action, … I saw myself still
preserving, though with increasing difficulty, my lucid
con<pb n="291" break="no"
  edRef="#stapledon1937"/>sciousness;</p>

⚓︎

In the above example, the soft hyphen in Stapledon 1937 is omitted. Such decisions may be documented in the edition's declaration of editorial principles, e.g. with the hyphenation element in the teiHeader.

Note

These guidelines provide no semantic basis or suggested precedence when both ed and edRef are provided. For this reason simultaneous use of both is not recommended unless documentation explaining the use is provided, probably in an ODD customization, for interchange.

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B Attribute Classes

att.fragmentable

att.fragmentable provides attributes for representing fragmentation of a structural element, typically as a consequence of some overlapping hierarchy.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.divLike [div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 lg] att.segLike [c cl m pc phr s seg w] ab l p post

Attributes

part part⚓︎
specifies whether or not its parent element is fragmented in some way, typically by some other overlapping structure: for example a speech which is divided between two or more verse stanzas, a paragraph which is split across a page division, a verse line which is divided between two speakers.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

Y

(yes) the element is fragmented in some (unspecified) respect

N

(no) the element is not fragmented, or no claim is made as to its completeness [Default]

I

(initial) this is the initial part of a fragmented element

M

(medial) this is a medial part of a fragmented element

F

(final) this is the final part of a fragmented element

Note

The values I, M, or F should be used only where it is clear how the element may be reconstituted.

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B Attribute Classes

att.global.rendition

att.global.rendition provides rendering attributes common to all elements in the TEI encoding scheme. [1.3.1.1.3. Rendition Indicators]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.global [TEI ab abbr abstract accMat acquisition activity actor add addName addSpan additional additions addrLine address adminInfo affiliation age alt altGrp altIdent altIdentifier alternate am analytic anchor annotation annotationBlock anyElement app appInfo application arc argument att attDef attList attRef author authority availability back bibl biblFull biblScope biblStruct bicond binary binaryObject binding bindingDesc birth bloc body broadcast byline c cRefPattern caesura calendar calendarDesc camera caption case castGroup castItem castList catDesc catRef catchwords category cb cell certainty change channel char charDecl choice cit citeData citeStructure citedRange cl classCode classDecl classRef classSpec classes climate closer code collation collection colloc colophon cond condition constitution constraint constraintDecl constraintSpec content conversion corr correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc country creation custEvent custodialHist damage damageSpan dataFacet dataRef dataSpec datatype date dateline death decoDesc decoNote def default defaultVal del delSpan depth derivation desc dictScrap dim dimensions distinct distributor district div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 divGen docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle domain eLeaf eTree edition editionStmt editor editorialDecl education eg egXML elementRef elementSpec ellipsis email emph empty encodingDesc entry entryFree epigraph epilogue equipment equiv etym event eventName ex exemplum expan explicit extent f fDecl fDescr fLib facsimile factuality faith figDesc figure fileDesc filiation finalRubric floatingText floruit foliation foreign forename forest form formula front fs fsConstraints fsDecl fsDescr fsdDecl fsdLink funder fvLib fw g gap gb gen genName gender geo geoDecl geogFeat geogName gi gloss glyph gram gramGrp graph graphic group handDesc handNote handNotes handShift head headItem headLabel height heraldry hi history hom hyph hyphenation iNode iType ident idno if iff imprimatur imprint incident incipit index institution interaction interp interpGrp interpretation item join joinGrp keywords kinesic l label lacunaEnd lacunaStart lang langKnowledge langKnown langUsage language layout layoutDesc lb lbl leaf lem lg licence line link linkGrp list listAnnotation listApp listBibl listChange listEvent listForest listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listPrefixDef listRef listRelation listTranspose listWit localProp locale location locus locusGrp m macroRef macroSpec mapping material measure measureGrp media meeting memberOf mentioned metDecl metSym metamark milestone mod model modelGrp modelSequence moduleRef moduleSpec monogr mood move msContents msDesc msFrag msIdentifier msItem msItemStruct msName msPart musicNotation name nameLink namespace nationality node normalization notatedMusic note noteGrp notesStmt num number numeric nym oRef object objectDesc objectIdentifier objectName objectType occupation offset opener org orgName orig origDate origPlace origin orth outputRendition p pRef param paramList paramSpec particDesc path pause pb pc per performance persName persPronouns person personGrp persona phr physDesc place placeName population pos post postBox postCode postscript precision prefixDef preparedness principal profileDesc projectDesc prologue pron provenance ptr pubPlace publicationStmt publisher punctuation purpose q quotation quote rb rdg rdgGrp re recordHist recording recordingStmt redo ref refState refsDecl reg region relatedItem relation remarks rendition repository residence resp respStmt respons restore retrace revisionDesc rhyme role roleDesc roleName root row rs rt rubric ruby s said salute samplingDecl schemaRef schemaSpec scriptDesc scriptNote scriptStmt seal sealDesc secFol secl seg segmentation sense sequence series seriesStmt set setting settingDesc settlement sex shift sic signatures signed soCalled socecStatus sound source sourceDesc sourceDoc sp spGrp space span spanGrp speaker specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList sponsor stage stamp standOff state stdVals street stress string styleDefDecl subc subst substJoin summary superEntry supplied support supportDesc surface surfaceGrp surname surplus surrogates syll symbol table tag tagUsage tagsDecl taxonomy tech teiCorpus teiHeader term terrain text textClass textDesc textLang textNode then time timeline title titlePage titlePart titleStmt tns trailer trait transcriptionDesc transpose tree triangle typeDesc typeNote u unclear undo unicodeProp unihanProp unit unitDecl unitDef usg vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange val valDesc valItem valList variantEncoding view vocal w watermark when width wit witDetail witEnd witStart witness writing xenoData xr zone]

Attributes

rend rend⚓︎
(rendition) indicates how the element in question was rendered or presented in the source text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

<head rend="align(center) case(allcaps)">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle,
<lb/>On Her <lb/>
 <hi rend="case(mixed)">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>

⚓︎

Note

These Guidelines make no binding recommendations for the values of the rend attribute; the characteristics of visual presentation vary too much from text to text and the decision to record or ignore individual characteristics varies too much from project to project. Some potentially useful conventions are noted from time to time at appropriate points in the Guidelines. The values of the rend attribute are a set of sequence-indeterminate individual tokens separated by whitespace.

style style⚓︎
contains an expression in some formal style definition language which defines the rendering or presentation used for this element in the source text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

<head style="text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle, <lb/>On Her
<lb/>
 <hi style="font-variant: normal">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>

⚓︎

Note

Unlike the attribute values of rend, which uses whitespace as a separator, the style attribute may contain whitespace. This attribute is intended for recording inline stylistic information concerning the source, not any particular output.

The formal language in which values for this attribute are expressed may be specified using the styleDefDecl element in the TEI header.

If style and rendition are both present on an element, then style overrides or complements rendition. style should not be used in conjunction with rend, because the latter does not employ a formal style definition language.

rendition rendition⚓︎
points to a description of the rendering or presentation used for this element in the source text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

<head rendition="#ac #sc">
 <lb/>To The <lb/>Duchesse <lb/>of <lb/>Newcastle, <lb/>On Her
<lb/>
 <hi rendition="#normal">New Blazing-World</hi>.
</head>
<!-- elsewhere... -->
<rendition xml:id="sc" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="normal" scheme="css">font-variant: normal</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="ac" scheme="css">text-align: center</rendition>

⚓︎

Note

The rendition attribute is used in a very similar way to the class attribute defined for XHTML but with the important distinction that its function is to describe the appearance of the source text, not necessarily to determine how that text should be presented on screen or paper.

If rendition is used to refer to a style definition in a formal language like CSS, it is recommended that it not be used in conjunction with rend. Where both rendition and rend are supplied, the latter is understood to override or complement the former.

Each URI provided should indicate a rendition element defining the intended rendition in terms of some appropriate style language, as indicated by the scheme attribute.

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B Attribute Classes

att.global.responsibility

att.global.responsibility provides attributes indicating the agent responsible for some aspect of the text, the markup or something asserted by the markup, and the degree of certainty associated with it. [1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility 3.5. Simple Editorial Changes 12.3.2.2. Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes 18.3. Spans and Interpretations 14.1.1. Linking Names and Their Referents]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.global [TEI ab abbr abstract accMat acquisition activity actor add addName addSpan additional additions addrLine address adminInfo affiliation age alt altGrp altIdent altIdentifier alternate am analytic anchor annotation annotationBlock anyElement app appInfo application arc argument att attDef attList attRef author authority availability back bibl biblFull biblScope biblStruct bicond binary binaryObject binding bindingDesc birth bloc body broadcast byline c cRefPattern caesura calendar calendarDesc camera caption case castGroup castItem castList catDesc catRef catchwords category cb cell certainty change channel char charDecl choice cit citeData citeStructure citedRange cl classCode classDecl classRef classSpec classes climate closer code collation collection colloc colophon cond condition constitution constraint constraintDecl constraintSpec content conversion corr correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc country creation custEvent custodialHist damage damageSpan dataFacet dataRef dataSpec datatype date dateline death decoDesc decoNote def default defaultVal del delSpan depth derivation desc dictScrap dim dimensions distinct distributor district div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 divGen docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle domain eLeaf eTree edition editionStmt editor editorialDecl education eg egXML elementRef elementSpec ellipsis email emph empty encodingDesc entry entryFree epigraph epilogue equipment equiv etym event eventName ex exemplum expan explicit extent f fDecl fDescr fLib facsimile factuality faith figDesc figure fileDesc filiation finalRubric floatingText floruit foliation foreign forename forest form formula front fs fsConstraints fsDecl fsDescr fsdDecl fsdLink funder fvLib fw g gap gb gen genName gender geo geoDecl geogFeat geogName gi gloss glyph gram gramGrp graph graphic group handDesc handNote handNotes handShift head headItem headLabel height heraldry hi history hom hyph hyphenation iNode iType ident idno if iff imprimatur imprint incident incipit index institution interaction interp interpGrp interpretation item join joinGrp keywords kinesic l label lacunaEnd lacunaStart lang langKnowledge langKnown langUsage language layout layoutDesc lb lbl leaf lem lg licence line link linkGrp list listAnnotation listApp listBibl listChange listEvent listForest listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listPrefixDef listRef listRelation listTranspose listWit localProp locale location locus locusGrp m macroRef macroSpec mapping material measure measureGrp media meeting memberOf mentioned metDecl metSym metamark milestone mod model modelGrp modelSequence moduleRef moduleSpec monogr mood move msContents msDesc msFrag msIdentifier msItem msItemStruct msName msPart musicNotation name nameLink namespace nationality node normalization notatedMusic note noteGrp notesStmt num number numeric nym oRef object objectDesc objectIdentifier objectName objectType occupation offset opener org orgName orig origDate origPlace origin orth outputRendition p pRef param paramList paramSpec particDesc path pause pb pc per performance persName persPronouns person personGrp persona phr physDesc place placeName population pos post postBox postCode postscript precision prefixDef preparedness principal profileDesc projectDesc prologue pron provenance ptr pubPlace publicationStmt publisher punctuation purpose q quotation quote rb rdg rdgGrp re recordHist recording recordingStmt redo ref refState refsDecl reg region relatedItem relation remarks rendition repository residence resp respStmt respons restore retrace revisionDesc rhyme role roleDesc roleName root row rs rt rubric ruby s said salute samplingDecl schemaRef schemaSpec scriptDesc scriptNote scriptStmt seal sealDesc secFol secl seg segmentation sense sequence series seriesStmt set setting settingDesc settlement sex shift sic signatures signed soCalled socecStatus sound source sourceDesc sourceDoc sp spGrp space span spanGrp speaker specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList sponsor stage stamp standOff state stdVals street stress string styleDefDecl subc subst substJoin summary superEntry supplied support supportDesc surface surfaceGrp surname surplus surrogates syll symbol table tag tagUsage tagsDecl taxonomy tech teiCorpus teiHeader term terrain text textClass textDesc textLang textNode then time timeline title titlePage titlePart titleStmt tns trailer trait transcriptionDesc transpose tree triangle typeDesc typeNote u unclear undo unicodeProp unihanProp unit unitDecl unitDef usg vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange val valDesc valItem valList variantEncoding view vocal w watermark when width wit witDetail witEnd witStart witness writing xenoData xr zone]

Attributes

cert cert⚓︎
(certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.probCert

resp resp⚓︎
(responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

To reduce the ambiguity of a resp pointing directly to a person or organization, we recommend that resp be used to point not to an agent (person or org) but to a respStmt, author, editor or similar element which clarifies the exact role played by the agent. Pointing to multiple respStmts allows the encoder to specify clearly each of the roles played in part of a TEI file (creating, transcribing, encoding, editing, proofing etc.).

Example

Blessed are the
<choice>
 <sic>cheesemakers</sic>
 <corr resp="#editor" cert="high">peacemakers</corr>
</choice>: for they shall be called the children of God.

⚓︎

Example

<!-- in the <text> ... --><lg>
<!-- ... -->
 <l>Punkes, Panders, baſe extortionizing
   sla<choice>
   <sic>n</sic>
   <corr resp="#JENS1_transcriber">u</corr>
  </choice>es,</l>
<!-- ... -->
</lg>
<!-- in the <teiHeader> ... -->
<!-- ... -->
<respStmt xml:id="JENS1_transcriber">
 <resp when="2014">Transcriber</resp>
 <name>Janelle Jenstad</name>
</respStmt>

bibliography ⚓︎

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B Attribute Classes

att.global.source

att.global.source provides attributes used by elements to point to an external source. [1.3.1.1.4. Sources, certainty, and responsibility 3.3.3. Quotation 8.3.4. Writing]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.global [TEI ab abbr abstract accMat acquisition activity actor add addName addSpan additional additions addrLine address adminInfo affiliation age alt altGrp altIdent altIdentifier alternate am analytic anchor annotation annotationBlock anyElement app appInfo application arc argument att attDef attList attRef author authority availability back bibl biblFull biblScope biblStruct bicond binary binaryObject binding bindingDesc birth bloc body broadcast byline c cRefPattern caesura calendar calendarDesc camera caption case castGroup castItem castList catDesc catRef catchwords category cb cell certainty change channel char charDecl choice cit citeData citeStructure citedRange cl classCode classDecl classRef classSpec classes climate closer code collation collection colloc colophon cond condition constitution constraint constraintDecl constraintSpec content conversion corr correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc country creation custEvent custodialHist damage damageSpan dataFacet dataRef dataSpec datatype date dateline death decoDesc decoNote def default defaultVal del delSpan depth derivation desc dictScrap dim dimensions distinct distributor district div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 divGen docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle domain eLeaf eTree edition editionStmt editor editorialDecl education eg egXML elementRef elementSpec ellipsis email emph empty encodingDesc entry entryFree epigraph epilogue equipment equiv etym event eventName ex exemplum expan explicit extent f fDecl fDescr fLib facsimile factuality faith figDesc figure fileDesc filiation finalRubric floatingText floruit foliation foreign forename forest form formula front fs fsConstraints fsDecl fsDescr fsdDecl fsdLink funder fvLib fw g gap gb gen genName gender geo geoDecl geogFeat geogName gi gloss glyph gram gramGrp graph graphic group handDesc handNote handNotes handShift head headItem headLabel height heraldry hi history hom hyph hyphenation iNode iType ident idno if iff imprimatur imprint incident incipit index institution interaction interp interpGrp interpretation item join joinGrp keywords kinesic l label lacunaEnd lacunaStart lang langKnowledge langKnown langUsage language layout layoutDesc lb lbl leaf lem lg licence line link linkGrp list listAnnotation listApp listBibl listChange listEvent listForest listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listPrefixDef listRef listRelation listTranspose listWit localProp locale location locus locusGrp m macroRef macroSpec mapping material measure measureGrp media meeting memberOf mentioned metDecl metSym metamark milestone mod model modelGrp modelSequence moduleRef moduleSpec monogr mood move msContents msDesc msFrag msIdentifier msItem msItemStruct msName msPart musicNotation name nameLink namespace nationality node normalization notatedMusic note noteGrp notesStmt num number numeric nym oRef object objectDesc objectIdentifier objectName objectType occupation offset opener org orgName orig origDate origPlace origin orth outputRendition p pRef param paramList paramSpec particDesc path pause pb pc per performance persName persPronouns person personGrp persona phr physDesc place placeName population pos post postBox postCode postscript precision prefixDef preparedness principal profileDesc projectDesc prologue pron provenance ptr pubPlace publicationStmt publisher punctuation purpose q quotation quote rb rdg rdgGrp re recordHist recording recordingStmt redo ref refState refsDecl reg region relatedItem relation remarks rendition repository residence resp respStmt respons restore retrace revisionDesc rhyme role roleDesc roleName root row rs rt rubric ruby s said salute samplingDecl schemaRef schemaSpec scriptDesc scriptNote scriptStmt seal sealDesc secFol secl seg segmentation sense sequence series seriesStmt set setting settingDesc settlement sex shift sic signatures signed soCalled socecStatus sound source sourceDesc sourceDoc sp spGrp space span spanGrp speaker specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList sponsor stage stamp standOff state stdVals street stress string styleDefDecl subc subst substJoin summary superEntry supplied support supportDesc surface surfaceGrp surname surplus surrogates syll symbol table tag tagUsage tagsDecl taxonomy tech teiCorpus teiHeader term terrain text textClass textDesc textLang textNode then time timeline title titlePage titlePart titleStmt tns trailer trait transcriptionDesc transpose tree triangle typeDesc typeNote u unclear undo unicodeProp unihanProp unit unitDecl unitDef usg vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange val valDesc valItem valList variantEncoding view vocal w watermark when width wit witDetail witEnd witStart witness writing xenoData xr zone]

Attributes

source source⚓︎
specifies the source from which some aspect of this element is drawn.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@source]">
<sch:let name="srcs"
 value="tokenize( normalize-space(@source),' ')"/>
<sch:report test="( self::tei:classRef | self::tei:dataRef | self::tei:elementRef | self::tei:macroRef | self::tei:moduleRef | self::tei:schemaSpec ) and $srcs[2]"> When used on a schema description element (like
<sch:value-of select="name(.)"/>), the @source attribute
should have only 1 value. (This one has <sch:value-of select="count($srcs)"/>.)
</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Note

The source attribute points to an external source. When used on an element describing a schema component (classRef, dataRef, elementRef, macroRef, moduleRef, or schemaSpec), it identifies the source from which declarations for the components should be obtained.

On other elements it provides a pointer to the bibliographical source from which a quotation or citation is drawn.

In either case, the location may be provided using any form of URI, for example an absolute URI, a relative URI, a private scheme URI of the form tei:x.y.z, where x.y.z indicates the version number, e.g. tei:4.3.2 for TEI P5 release 4.3.2 or (as a special case) tei:current for whatever is the latest release, or a private scheme URI that is expanded to an absolute URI as documented in a prefixDef.

When used on elements describing schema components, source should have only one value; when used on other elements multiple values are permitted.

Example

<p>
<!-- ... --> As Willard McCarty (<bibl xml:id="mcc_2012">2012, p.2</bibl>) tells us, <quote source="#mcc_2012">‘Collaboration’ is a problematic and should be a contested
   term.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>

bibliography ⚓︎

Example

<p>
<!-- ... -->
 <quote source="#chicago_15_ed">Grammatical theories are in flux, and the more we learn, the
   less we seem to know.</quote>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
<bibl xml:id="chicago_15_ed">
 <title level="m">The Chicago Manual of Style</title>,
<edition>15th edition</edition>. <pubPlace>Chicago</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of
   Chicago Press</publisher> (<date>2003</date>), <biblScope unit="page">p.147</biblScope>.

</bibl>

⚓︎

Example

<elementRef key="p" source="tei:2.0.1"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Include in the schema an element named p available from the TEI P5 2.0.1 release.

Example

<schemaSpec ident="myODD"
 source="mycompiledODD.xml">
<!-- further declarations specifying the components required -->
</schemaSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

Create a schema using components taken from the file mycompiledODD.xml.

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B Attribute Classes

att.indentation

att.indentation provides attributes for describing the indentation of a textual element on the source page or object. [9.3.2. Attributes Specific to CMC post]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
post

Attributes

indentLevel indentLevel⚓︎
specifies the level of indentation of an item using a numeric value.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
integer

Note

This attribute can be used to mark the level of indentation of a post in a thread-like structure (as defined by its author and in relation to the standard level of indentation which should be encoded with 0). This is commonly used for Wiki talk pages, but should also be used for genres such as webblog comments when the source was HTML.

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B Attribute Classes

att.internetMedia

att.internetMedia provides attributes for specifying the type of a computer resource using a standard taxonomy.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.media [binaryObject graphic media] equiv ptr ref

Attributes

mimeType mimeType⚓︎
(MIME media type) specifies the applicable multimedia internet mail extension (MIME) media type.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

Example

In this example mimeType is used to indicate that the URL points to a TEI XML file encoded in UTF-8.

<ref mimeType="application/tei+xml; charset=UTF-8"
 target="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TEIC/TEI/dev/P5/Source/guidelines-en.xml"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note

This attribute class provides an attribute for describing a computer resource, typically available over the internet, using a value taken from a standard taxonomy. At present only a single taxonomy is supported, the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Media Type system. This typology of media types is defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force in RFC 2046. The list of types is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). The mimeType attribute must have a value taken from this list.

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B Attribute Classes

att.interpLike

att.interpLike provides attributes for elements which represent a formal analysis or interpretation. [18.2. Global Attributes for Simple Analyses]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
interp interpGrp span spanGrp

Attributes

type type⚓︎
indicates what kind of phenomenon is being noted in the passage.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

image

identifies an image in the passage.

character

identifies a character associated with the passage.

theme

identifies a theme in the passage.

allusion

identifies an allusion to another text.

subtype subtype⚓︎
(subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the phenomenon is being noted in the passage, if needed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Note

The subtype attribute may be used to provide any sub-classification for the element additional to that provided by its type attribute.

inst inst⚓︎
(instances) points to instances of the analysis or interpretation represented by the current element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

The current element should be an analytic one. The element pointed at should be a textual one.

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B Attribute Classes

att.measurement

att.measurement provides attributes to represent a regularized or normalized measurement.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
measure measureGrp unit

Attributes

unit unit⚓︎
(unit) indicates the units used for the measurement, usually using the standard symbol for the desired units.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

m

(metre) SI base unit of length

kg

(kilogram) SI base unit of mass

s

(second) SI base unit of time

Hz

(hertz) SI unit of frequency

Pa

(pascal) SI unit of pressure or stress

Ω

(ohm) SI unit of electric resistance

L

(litre) 1 dm³

t

(tonne) 10³ kg

ha

(hectare) 1 hm²

Å

(ångström) 10⁻¹⁰ m

mL

(millilitre)

cm

(centimetre)

dB

(decibel) see remarks, below

kbit

(kilobit) 10³ or 1000 bits

Kibit

(kibibit) 2¹⁰ or 1024 bits

kB

(kilobyte) 10³ or 1000 bytes

KiB

(kibibyte) 2¹⁰ or 1024 bytes

MB

(megabyte) 10⁶ or 1 000 000 bytes

MiB

(mebibyte) 2²⁰ or 1 048 576 bytes

Note

If the measurement being represented is not expressed in a particular unit, but rather is a number of discrete items, the unit count should be used, or the unit attribute may be left unspecified.

Wherever appropriate, a recognized SI unit name should be used (see further http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/; http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/). The list above is indicative rather than exhaustive.

unitRef unitRef⚓︎
points to a unique identifier stored in the xml:id of a unitDef element that defines a unit of measure.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

quantity quantity⚓︎
(quantity) specifies the number of the specified units that comprise the measurement

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

commodity commodity⚓︎
(commodity) indicates the substance that is being measured

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

Note

In general, when the commodity is made of discrete entities, the plural form should be used, even when the measurement is of only one of them.

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@unitRef]">
<sch:report test="@unit" role="info">The @unit attribute may be unnecessary when @unitRef is present.</sch:report>
</sch:rule>

Note

This attribute class provides a triplet of attributes that may be used either to regularize the values of the measurement being encoded, or to normalize them with respect to a standard measurement system.

<l>
<!-- regularization:-->
So weren't you gonna buy <measure quantity="0.5" unit="gal"
  commodity="ice cream">half
   a gallon</measure>, baby
</l>
<l>
<!-- normalization: -->
So won't you go and buy <measure quantity="1.893" unit="L"
  commodity="ice cream">half
   a gallon</measure>, baby?
</l>

⚓︎

The unit should normally be named using the standard symbol for an SI unit (see further http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/; http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/). However, encoders may also specify measurements using informally defined units such as lines or characters.

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B Attribute Classes

att.milestoneUnit

att.milestoneUnit provides attributes to indicate the type of section which is changing at a specific milestone. [3.11.3. Milestone Elements 2.3.6.3. Milestone Method 2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration]

Module
core — Elements Available in All TEI Documents

Members
milestone refState

Attributes

unit unit⚓︎
provides a conventional name for the kind of section changing at this milestone.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

page

physical page beginnings (synonymous with the pb element).

column

column beginnings.

line

line beginnings (synonymous with the lb element).

book

any units termed book, liber, etc.

poem

individual poems in a collection.

canto

cantos or other major sections of a poem.

speaker

changes of speaker or narrator.

stanza

stanzas within a poem, book, or canto.

act

acts within a play.

scene

scenes within a play or act.

section

sections of any kind.

absent

passages not present in the reference edition.

unnumbered

passages present in the text, but not to be included as part of the reference.

<milestone n="23" ed="La" unit="Dreissiger"/>
... <milestone n="24" ed="AV" unit="verse"/> ...

⚓︎

Note

If the milestone marks the beginning of a piece of text not present in the reference edition, the special value absent may be used as the value of unit. The normal interpretation is that the reference edition does not contain the text which follows, until the next milestone tag for the edition in question is encountered.

In addition to the values suggested, other terms may be appropriate (e.g. Stephanus for the Stephanus numbers in Plato).

The type attribute may be used to characterize the unit boundary in any respect other than simply identifying the type of unit, for example as word-breaking or not.

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B Attribute Classes

att.notated

att.notated provides attributes to indicate any specialised notation used for element content.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
c cl formula hyph listAnnotation m oRef orth pRef phr pron quote s seg stress syll u w

Attributes

notation notation⚓︎
names the notation used for the content of the element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

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B Attribute Classes

att.placement

att.placement provides attributes for describing where on the source page or object a textual element appears. [3.5.3. Additions, Deletions, and Omissions 12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.transcriptional [add addSpan del delSpan mod redo restore retrace rt subst substJoin undo] div figure fw head label metamark notatedMusic note noteGrp postscript sp speaker stage trailer witDetail

Attributes

place place⚓︎
specifies where this item is placed.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Suggested values include:

top

at the top of the page

bottom

at the foot of the page

margin

in the margin (left, right, or both)

opposite

on the opposite, i.e. facing, page

overleaf

on the other side of the leaf

above

above the line

right

to the right, e.g. to the right of a vertical line of text, or to the right of a figure

below

below the line

left

to the left, e.g. to the left of a vertical line of text, or to the left of a figure

end

at the end of e.g. chapter or volume.

inline

within the body of the text.

inspace

in a predefined space, for example left by an earlier scribe.

<add place="margin">[An addition written in the margin]</add>
<add place="bottom opposite">[An addition written at the
foot of the current page and also on the facing page]</add>

⚓︎

<note place="bottom">Ibid, p.7</note>

⚓︎

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B Attribute Classes

att.pointing

att.pointing provides a set of attributes used by all elements which point to other elements by means of one or more URI references. [1.3.1.1.2. Language Indicators 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.pointing.group [altGrp joinGrp linkGrp] alt annotation calendar catRef citedRange gloss join licence link locus note noteGrp oRef pRef ptr ref span substJoin term witDetail

Attributes

targetLang targetLang⚓︎
specifies the language of the content to be found at the destination referenced by target, using a ‘language tag’ generated according to BCP 47.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.language

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[not(self::tei:schemaSpec)][@targetLang]">
<sch:assert test="@target">@targetLang should only be used on <sch:name/> if @target is specified.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

<linkGrp xml:id="pol-swh_aln_2.1-linkGrp">
 <ptr xml:id="pol-swh_aln_2.1.1-ptr"
  target="pol/UDHR/text.xml#pol_txt_1-head" type="tuv" targetLang="pl"/>
 <ptr xml:id="pol-swh_aln_2.1.2-ptr"
  target="swh/UDHR/text.xml#swh_txt_1-head" type="tuv" targetLang="sw"/>
</linkGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

In the example above, the linkGrp combines pointers at parallel fragments of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: one of them is in Polish, the other in Swahili.

Note

The value must conform to BCP 47. If the value is a private use code (i.e., starts with x- or contains -x-), a language element with a matching value for its ident attribute should be supplied in the TEI header to document this value. Such documentation may also optionally be supplied for non-private-use codes, though these must remain consistent with their (IETF)Internet Engineering Task Force definitions.

target target⚓︎
specifies the destination of the reference by supplying one or more URI References.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

One or more syntactically valid URI references, separated by whitespace. Because whitespace is used to separate URIs, no whitespace is permitted inside a single URI. If a whitespace character is required in a URI, it should be escaped with the normal mechanism, e.g. TEI%20Consortium.

evaluate evaluate⚓︎
(evaluate) specifies the intended meaning when the target of a pointer is itself a pointer.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

all

if the element pointed to is itself a pointer, then the target of that pointer will be taken, and so on, until an element is found which is not a pointer.

one

if the element pointed to is itself a pointer, then its target (whether a pointer or not) is taken as the target of this pointer.

none

no further evaluation of targets is carried out beyond that needed to find the element specified in the pointer's target.

Note

If no value is given, the application program is responsible for deciding (possibly on the basis of user input) how far to trace a chain of pointers.

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B Attribute Classes

att.ranging

att.ranging provides attributes for describing numerical ranges.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.dimensions [att.damaged [damage damageSpan] add addSpan age birth date death del delSpan depth dim dimensions ellipsis ex floruit gap geogFeat height mod offset origDate population redo restore retrace secl space state subst substJoin supplied surplus time trait unclear undo width] measure num precision

Attributes

atLeast atLeast⚓︎
gives a minimum estimated value for the approximate measurement.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

atMost atMost⚓︎
gives a maximum estimated value for the approximate measurement.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

min min⚓︎
where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the minimum value observed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

max max⚓︎
where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the maximum value observed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

confidence confidence⚓︎
specifies the degree of statistical confidence (between zero and one) that a value falls within the range specified by min and max, or the proportion of observed values that fall within that range.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.probability

Example

The MS. was lost in transmission by mail from
<del rend="overstrike">
 <gap reason="illegible"
  extent="one or two letters" atLeast="1" atMost="2" unit="chars"/>
</del>
Philadelphia to the Graphic office, New York.

⚓︎

Example

Americares has been supporting the health sector in Eastern Europe since 1986,
and since 1992 has provided <measure atLeast="120000000" unit="USD"
 commodity="currency">more
than $120m</measure> in aid to Ukrainians.

bibliography ⚓︎

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B Attribute Classes

att.resourced

att.resourced provides attributes by which a resource (such as an externally held media file) may be located.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
graphic media schemaRef

Attributes

url url⚓︎
(uniform resource locator) specifies the URL from which the media concerned may be obtained.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.pointer

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B Attribute Classes

att.scope

att.scope provides attributes to describe, in general terms, the scope of an element’s application.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.handFeatures [handNote handShift scriptNote typeNote] language

Attributes

scope scope⚓︎
indicates the scope of application of the element

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

sole

only this particular feature is used throughout the document

major

this feature is used through most of the document

minor

this feature is used occasionally through the document

<langUsage>
 <language ident="en" scope="major"/>
 <language ident="es" scope="minor"/>
 <language ident="x-ww" scope="minor">An invented language the children call <name>Wikwah</name>.</language>
</langUsage>

⚓︎

<handNote scope="sole">
 <p>Written in insular phase II half-uncial with
   interlinear Old English gloss in an Anglo-Saxon
   pointed minuscule.</p>
</handNote>

⚓︎

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B Attribute Classes

att.scoping

att.scoping provides attributes for selecting particular elements within a document.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
certainty precision respons

Attributes

target target⚓︎
points at one or more sets of zero or more elements each.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Elizabeth went to <persName xml:id="ESSEX">Essex</persName>
<certainty target="#ESSEX" locus="name"
 degree="0.6"/>

⚓︎

match match⚓︎
supplies an XPath selection pattern using the syntax defined in Kay (ed.) (2017) which identifies a set of nodes, selected within the context identified by the target attribute if this is supplied, or within the context of the parent element if it is not.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xpath

<gap reason="cancelled">
 <certainty match="@reason" locus="value"
  cert="low"/>
</gap>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note

The semantics of this element apply to the nodeset identified by the value of the target attribute, possibly modified by the value of the match attribute. If more than one identifier is given, the implication is that all elements (or nodesets) are intended. The match attribute may also be used as a means of identifying groups of elements.

If target and match are present, target selects an element and the XPath expression in match is evaluated in the context of that element. If neither attribute is present, the expression applies to its parent element. If only target is given, the expression refers to the selected element or nodeset. If only match is given, the XPath expression is evaluated in the context of the parent element of the bearing element.

Note that the value of the target attribute may include an XPointer expression including an XPath expression (see 17.2.4. TEI XPointer Schemes).

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B Attribute Classes

att.sortable

att.sortable provides attributes for elements in lists or groups that are sortable, but whose sorting key cannot be derived mechanically from the element content. [10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
bibl biblFull biblStruct correspAction entry entryFree event idno item list listApp listBibl listChange listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation listWit msDesc nym object org person personGrp persona place relation superEntry term witness

Attributes

sortKey sortKey⚓︎
supplies the sort key for this element in an index, list or group which contains it.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.word

David's other principal backer, Josiah
ha-Kohen <index indexName="NAMES">
 <term sortKey="Azarya_Josiah_Kohen">Josiah ha-Kohen b. Azarya</term>
</index> b. Azarya, son of one of the last gaons of Sura was David's own first
cousin.

⚓︎

Note

The sort key is used to determine the sequence and grouping of entries in an index. It provides a sequence of characters which, when sorted with the other values, will produced the desired order; specifics of sort key construction are application-dependent

Dictionary order often differs from the collation sequence of machine-readable character sets; in English-language dictionaries, an entry for 4-H will often appear alphabetized under ‘fourh’, and McCoy may be alphabetized under ‘maccoy’, while A1, A4, and A5 may all appear in numeric order ‘alphabetized’ between ‘a-’ and ‘AA’. The sort key is required if the orthography of the dictionary entry does not suffice to determine its location.

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B Attribute Classes

att.spanning

att.spanning provides attributes for elements which delimit a span of text by pointing mechanisms rather than by enclosing it. [12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions 1.3.1. Attribute Classes]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
addSpan cb damageSpan delSpan gb index lb metamark milestone mod pb redo retrace undo

Attributes

spanTo spanTo⚓︎
indicates the end of a span initiated by the element bearing this attribute.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Schematron
The @spanTo attribute must point to an element following the current element; however, this can only be tested if both this element and the one pointed to are in the same document.

<sch:rule context="tei:*[ starts-with( @spanTo, '#') ]">
<sch:assert test="id( substring( @spanTo, 2 ) ) >> .">The element indicated by @spanTo (<sch:value-of select="@spanTo"/>) must follow the current <sch:name/> element
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Note

The span is defined as running in document order from the start of the content of the pointing element to the end of the content of the element pointed to by the spanTo attribute (if any). If no value is supplied for the attribute, the assumption is that the span is coextensive with the pointing element. If no content is present, the assumption is that the starting point of the span is immediately following the element itself.

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B Attribute Classes

att.styleDef

att.styleDef provides attributes to specify the name of a formal definition language used to provide formatting or rendition information.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
rendition styleDefDecl

Attributes

scheme scheme⚓︎
identifies the language used to describe the rendition.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

css

Cascading Stylesheet Language

xslfo

Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects

free

Informal free text description

other

A user-defined rendition description language

Note

If no value for the @scheme attribute is provided, then the default assumption should be that CSS is in use.

schemeVersion schemeVersion⚓︎
supplies a version number for the style language provided in scheme.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.versionNumber

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@schemeVersion]">
<sch:assert test="@scheme and not(@scheme = 'free')"> @schemeVersion can only be used if @scheme is specified.
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Note

If schemeVersion is used, then scheme should also appear, with a value other than free.

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B Attribute Classes

att.tableDecoration

att.tableDecoration provides attributes used to decorate rows or cells of a table. [15. Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music]

Module
figures — Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music

Members
cell row

Attributes

role role⚓︎
(role) indicates the kind of information held in this cell or in each cell of this row.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

label

labelling or descriptive information only.

data

data values. [Default]

Note

When this attribute is specified on a row, its value is the default for all cells in this row. When specified on a cell, its value overrides any default specified by the role attribute of the parent row element.

rows rows⚓︎
(rows) indicates the number of rows occupied by this cell or row.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Default
1

Note

A value greater than one indicates that this cell spans several rows. Where several cells span multiple rows, it may be more convenient to use nested tables.

cols cols⚓︎
(columns) indicates the number of columns occupied by this cell or row.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Default
1

Note

A value greater than one indicates that this cell or row spans several columns. Where an initial cell spans an entire row, it may be better treated as a heading.

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B Attribute Classes

att.typed

att.typed provides attributes that can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way. [1.3.1. Attribute Classes 18.1.1. Words and Above 3.6.1. Referring Strings 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References 3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions 3.13.1. Core Tags for Verse 7.2.5. Speech Contents 4.1.1. Un-numbered Divisions 4.1.2. Numbered Divisions 4.2.1. Headings and Trailers 4.4. Virtual Divisions 14.3.2.3. Personal Relationships 12.3.1.1. Core Elements for Transcriptional Work 17.1.1. Pointers and Links 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors 13.2. Linking the Apparatus to the Text 23.5.1.2. Defining Content Models: RELAX NG 8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts 24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.pointing.group [altGrp joinGrp linkGrp] TEI ab abbr accMat add addName addSpan affiliation age alt altIdent altIdentifier am anchor app application bibl biblStruct binaryObject birth bloc c calendar camera castItem cb certainty change cit cl classSpec climate collection colloc constitution constraintSpec corr correspAction correspDesc country custEvent damage damageSpan date death decoNote del delSpan derivation desc dim dimensions distinct district div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 divGen domain eLeaf eTree education etym event eventName exemplum explicit factuality faith figure filiation finalRubric floatingText forename forest form fw g gb genName gender geogFeat geogName gloss gram gramGrp graph graphic group head iType ident idno incident incipit interaction join kinesic label langKnowledge lb lbl lg line link list listAnnotation listApp listBibl listChange listEvent listForest listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRef listRelation location locus m mapping material measure measureGrp media milestone mod moduleSpec move msDesc msFrag msName msPart name nameLink nationality node notatedMusic note noteGrp num nym oRef object objectName occupation offset org orgName origDate origPlace orth path pause pb pc persName persPronouns phr place placeName population post preparedness pron provenance ptr purpose quote rb re recording ref reg region relatedItem relation residence restore rhyme roleName rs rt rubric ruby s schemaRef seal seg settlement sex socecStatus sound spGrp space stamp standOff state surface surfaceGrp surname table tag tech teiCorpus term terrain text time title titlePage titlePart trailer trait unit unitDef usg vocal w witDetail writing xenoData xr zone

Attributes

type type⚓︎
characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

<div type="verse">
 <head>Night in Tarras</head>
 <lg type="stanza">
  <l>At evening tramping on the hot white road</l>
  <l>…</l>
 </lg>
 <lg type="stanza">
  <l>A wind sprang up from nowhere as the sky</l>
  <l>…</l>
 </lg>
</div>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note

The type attribute is present on a number of elements, not all of which are members of att.typed, usually because these elements restrict the possible values for the attribute in a specific way.

subtype subtype⚓︎
(subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Note

The subtype attribute may be used to provide any sub-classification for the element additional to that provided by its type attribute.

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@subtype]">
<sch:assert test="@type">The <sch:name/> element should not be categorized in detail with @subtype unless also categorized in general with @type</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Note

When appropriate, values from an established typology should be used. Alternatively a typology may be defined in the associated TEI header. If values are to be taken from a project-specific list, this should be defined using the valList element in the project-specific schema description, as described in 24.3.1.3. Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists .

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B Attribute Classes

att.written

att.written provides attributes to indicate the hand in which the content of an element was written in the source being transcribed. [1.3.1. Attribute Classes]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.damaged [damage damageSpan] att.textCritical [lem rdg rdgGrp] att.transcriptional [add addSpan del delSpan mod redo restore retrace rt subst substJoin undo] ab closer dateline div emph figure fw head hi label line note noteGrp opener p path postscript salute seg signed sp speaker stage text trailer zone

Attributes

hand hand⚓︎
points to a handNote element describing the hand considered responsible for the content of the element concerned.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

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B Attribute Classes

att.ascribed.directed

att.ascribed.directed provides attributes for elements representing speech or action that can be directed at a group or individual. [3.3.3. Quotation 8.3. Elements Unique to Spoken Texts]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
kinesic move pause q said sp spGrp stage u vocal writing

Attributes

att.ascribed

@who

toWhom toWhom⚓︎
indicates the person, or group of people, to whom a speech act or action is directed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

In the following example from Mary Pix's The False Friend, speeches (sp) in the body of the play are linked to castItem elements in the castList using the toWhom attribute, which is used to specify who the speech is directed to. Additionally, the stage includes toWhom to indicate the directionality of the action.

<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="emil">Emilius.</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="lov">Lovisa</role>
</castItem>
<castItem type="role">
 <role xml:id="serv">A servant</role>
</castItem>
<!-- ... -->
<sp who="#emil" toWhom="#lov">
 <speaker>Emil.</speaker>
 <l n="1">My love!</l>
</sp>
<sp who="#lov" toWhom="#emil">
 <speaker>Lov.</speaker>
 <l n="2">I have no Witness of my Noble Birth</l>
 <stage who="emil" toWhom="#serv">Pointing to her Woman.</stage>
 <l>But that poor helpless wretch——</l>
</sp>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note

To indicate the recipient of written correspondence, use the elements used in section 2.4.6. Correspondence Description, rather than a toWhom attribute.

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B Attribute Classes

att.datable

att.datable provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain dates, times, or datable events. [3.6.4. Dates and Times 14.4. Dates]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.gaijiProp [localProp unicodeProp unihanProp] acquisition affiliation age altIdentifier application author binding birth bloc change climate conversion country creation custEvent date death district docDate editor education event eventName faith floruit funder gender geogFeat geogName idno langKnowledge langKnown licence location mapping meeting name nationality objectName occupation offset orgName origDate origPlace origin persName persPronouns placeName population post precision principal provenance region relation residence resp seal settlement sex socecStatus sponsor stamp state terrain time title trait unitDecl unitDef

Attributes

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

period period⚓︎
supplies pointers to one or more definitions of named periods of time (typically categorys, dates, or events) within which the datable item is understood to have occurred.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

This ‘superclass’ provides attributes that can be used to provide normalized values of temporal information. By default, the attributes from the att.datable.w3c class are provided. If the module for names & dates is loaded, this class also provides attributes from the att.datable.iso and att.datable.custom classes. In general, the possible values of attributes restricted to the W3C datatypes form a subset of those values available via the ISO 8601 standard. However, the greater expressiveness of the ISO datatypes may not be needed, and there exists much greater software support for the W3C datatypes.

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B Attribute Classes

att.dimensions

att.dimensions provides attributes for describing the size of physical objects.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.damaged [damage damageSpan] add addSpan age birth date death del delSpan depth dim dimensions ellipsis ex floruit gap geogFeat height mod offset origDate population redo restore retrace secl space state subst substJoin supplied surplus time trait unclear undo width

Attributes

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

unit unit⚓︎
names the unit used for the measurement

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

cm

(centimetres)

mm

(millimetres)

in

(inches)

line

lines of text

char

(characters) characters of text

quantity quantity⚓︎
specifies the length in the units specified

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

extent extent⚓︎
indicates the size of the object concerned using a project-specific vocabulary combining quantity and units in a single string of words.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

<gap extent="5 words"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

<height extent="half the page"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

precision precision⚓︎
characterizes the precision of the values specified by the other attributes.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.certainty

scope scope⚓︎
where the measurement summarizes more than one observation, specifies the applicability of this measurement.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

all

measurement applies to all instances.

most

measurement applies to most of the instances inspected.

range

measurement applies to only the specified range of instances.

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B Attribute Classes

att.divLike

att.divLike provides attributes common to all elements which behave in the same way as divisions. [4. Default Text Structure]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 lg

Attributes

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

org org⚓︎
(organization) specifies how the content of the division is organized.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

composite

no claim is made about the sequence in which the immediate contents of this division are to be processed, or their inter-relationships.

uniform

the immediate contents of this element are regarded as forming a logical unit, to be processed in sequence. [Default]

sample sample⚓︎
indicates whether this division is a sample of the original source and if so, from which part.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

initial

division lacks material present at end in source.

medial

division lacks material at start and end.

final

division lacks material at start.

unknown

position of sampled material within original unknown.

complete

division is not a sample. [Default]

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B Attribute Classes

att.duration

att.duration provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events.

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Members
att.timed [annotationBlock binaryObject ellipsis gap incident kinesic media pause post u vocal writing] date recording time

Attributes

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

Note

This ‘superclass’ provides attributes that can be used to provide normalized values of temporal information. By default, the attributes from the att.duration.w3c class are provided. If the module for names & dates is loaded, this class also provides attributes from the att.duration.iso class. In general, the possible values of attributes restricted to the W3C datatypes form a subset of those values available via the ISO 8601 standard. However, the greater expressiveness of the ISO datatypes is rarely needed, and there exists much greater software support for the W3C datatypes.

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B Attribute Classes

att.global

att.global provides attributes common to all elements in the TEI encoding scheme. [1.3.1.1. Global Attributes]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
TEI ab abbr abstract accMat acquisition activity actor add addName addSpan additional additions addrLine address adminInfo affiliation age alt altGrp altIdent altIdentifier alternate am analytic anchor annotation annotationBlock anyElement app appInfo application arc argument att attDef attList attRef author authority availability back bibl biblFull biblScope biblStruct bicond binary binaryObject binding bindingDesc birth bloc body broadcast byline c cRefPattern caesura calendar calendarDesc camera caption case castGroup castItem castList catDesc catRef catchwords category cb cell certainty change channel char charDecl choice cit citeData citeStructure citedRange cl classCode classDecl classRef classSpec classes climate closer code collation collection colloc colophon cond condition constitution constraint constraintDecl constraintSpec content conversion corr correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc country creation custEvent custodialHist damage damageSpan dataFacet dataRef dataSpec datatype date dateline death decoDesc decoNote def default defaultVal del delSpan depth derivation desc dictScrap dim dimensions distinct distributor district div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 divGen docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle domain eLeaf eTree edition editionStmt editor editorialDecl education eg egXML elementRef elementSpec ellipsis email emph empty encodingDesc entry entryFree epigraph epilogue equipment equiv etym event eventName ex exemplum expan explicit extent f fDecl fDescr fLib facsimile factuality faith figDesc figure fileDesc filiation finalRubric floatingText floruit foliation foreign forename forest form formula front fs fsConstraints fsDecl fsDescr fsdDecl fsdLink funder fvLib fw g gap gb gen genName gender geo geoDecl geogFeat geogName gi gloss glyph gram gramGrp graph graphic group handDesc handNote handNotes handShift head headItem headLabel height heraldry hi history hom hyph hyphenation iNode iType ident idno if iff imprimatur imprint incident incipit index institution interaction interp interpGrp interpretation item join joinGrp keywords kinesic l label lacunaEnd lacunaStart lang langKnowledge langKnown langUsage language layout layoutDesc lb lbl leaf lem lg licence line link linkGrp list listAnnotation listApp listBibl listChange listEvent listForest listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listPrefixDef listRef listRelation listTranspose listWit localProp locale location locus locusGrp m macroRef macroSpec mapping material measure measureGrp media meeting memberOf mentioned metDecl metSym metamark milestone mod model modelGrp modelSequence moduleRef moduleSpec monogr mood move msContents msDesc msFrag msIdentifier msItem msItemStruct msName msPart musicNotation name nameLink namespace nationality node normalization notatedMusic note noteGrp notesStmt num number numeric nym oRef object objectDesc objectIdentifier objectName objectType occupation offset opener org orgName orig origDate origPlace origin orth outputRendition p pRef param paramList paramSpec particDesc path pause pb pc per performance persName persPronouns person personGrp persona phr physDesc place placeName population pos post postBox postCode postscript precision prefixDef preparedness principal profileDesc projectDesc prologue pron provenance ptr pubPlace publicationStmt publisher punctuation purpose q quotation quote rb rdg rdgGrp re recordHist recording recordingStmt redo ref refState refsDecl reg region relatedItem relation remarks rendition repository residence resp respStmt respons restore retrace revisionDesc rhyme role roleDesc roleName root row rs rt rubric ruby s said salute samplingDecl schemaRef schemaSpec scriptDesc scriptNote scriptStmt seal sealDesc secFol secl seg segmentation sense sequence series seriesStmt set setting settingDesc settlement sex shift sic signatures signed soCalled socecStatus sound source sourceDesc sourceDoc sp spGrp space span spanGrp speaker specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList sponsor stage stamp standOff state stdVals street stress string styleDefDecl subc subst substJoin summary superEntry supplied support supportDesc surface surfaceGrp surname surplus surrogates syll symbol table tag tagUsage tagsDecl taxonomy tech teiCorpus teiHeader term terrain text textClass textDesc textLang textNode then time timeline title titlePage titlePart titleStmt tns trailer trait transcriptionDesc transpose tree triangle typeDesc typeNote u unclear undo unicodeProp unihanProp unit unitDecl unitDef usg vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange val valDesc valItem valList variantEncoding view vocal w watermark when width wit witDetail witEnd witStart witness writing xenoData xr zone

Attributes

att.global.analytic

@ana

att.global.change

@change

att.global.facs

@facs

att.global.linking

@corresp

@synch

@sameAs

@copyOf

@next

@prev

@exclude

@select

att.global.rendition

@rend

@style

@rendition

att.global.responsibility

@cert

@resp

att.global.source

@source

xml:id xml:id⚓︎
(identifier) provides a unique identifier for the element bearing the attribute.

Status
Optional

Datatype
ID

Note

The xml:id attribute may be used to specify a canonical reference for an element; see section 3.11. Reference Systems.

n n⚓︎
(number) gives a number (or other label) for an element, which is not necessarily unique within the document.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

Note

The value of this attribute is always understood to be a single token, even if it contains space or other punctuation characters, and need not be composed of numbers only. It is typically used to specify the numbering of chapters, sections, list items, etc.; it may also be used in the specification of a standard reference system for the text.

xml:lang xml:lang⚓︎
(language) indicates the language of the element content using a ‘tag’ generated according to BCP 47.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.language

<p> … The consequences of
this rapid depopulation were the loss of the last
<foreign xml:lang="rap">ariki</foreign> or chief
(Routledge 1920:205,210) and their connections to
ancestral territorial organization.</p>

⚓︎

Note

The xml:lang value will be inherited from the immediately enclosing element, or from its parent, and so on up the document hierarchy. It is generally good practice to specify xml:lang at the highest appropriate level, noticing that a different default may be needed for the teiHeader from that needed for the associated resource element or elements, and that a single TEI document may contain texts in many languages.

Only attributes with free text values (rare in these guidelines) will be in the scope of xml:lang.

The authoritative list of registered language subtags is maintained by IANA and is available at https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry. For a good general overview of the construction of language tags, see https://www.w3.org/International/articles/language-tags/, and for a practical step-by-step guide, see https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-choosing-language-tags.en.php.

The value used must conform with BCP 47. If the value is a private use code (i.e., starts with x- or contains -x-), a language element with a matching value for its ident attribute should be supplied in the TEI header to document this value. Such documentation may also optionally be supplied for non-private-use codes, though these must remain consistent with their (IETF)Internet Engineering Task Force definitions.

xml:base xml:base⚓︎
provides a base URI reference with which applications can resolve relative URI references into absolute URI references.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

<div type="bibl">
 <head>Selections from <title level="m">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797</title>
 </head>
 <listBibl xml:base="https://romantic-circles.org/sites/default/files/imported/editions/southey_letters/XML/">
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.3.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Grosvenor Charles Bedford</title>, <date when="1792-04-03">3 April 1792</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.57.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Anna Seward</title>, <date when="1793-09-18">18 September 1793</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
  <bibl>
   <ref target="letterEEd.26.85.xml">
    <title>Robert Southey to Robert Lovell</title>, <date from="1794-04-05" to="1794-04-06">5-6 April, 1794</date>.
   </ref>
  </bibl>
 </listBibl>
</div>

⚓︎

xml:space xml:space⚓︎
signals an intention about how white space should be managed by applications.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

default

signals that the application's default white-space processing modes are acceptable

preserve

indicates the intent that applications preserve all white space

Note

The XML specification provides further guidance on the use of this attribute. Note that many parsers may not handle xml:space correctly.

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B Attribute Classes

att.handFeatures

att.handFeatures provides attributes describing aspects of the hand in which a manuscript is written. [12.3.2.1. Document Hands]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
handNote handShift scriptNote typeNote

Attributes

att.scope

@scope

scribe scribe⚓︎
gives a name or other identifier for the scribe believed to be responsible for this hand.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.name

scribeRef scribeRef⚓︎
points to a full description of the scribe concerned, typically supplied by a person element elsewhere in the description.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

script script⚓︎
characterizes the particular script or writing style used by this hand, for example secretary, copperplate, Chancery, Italian, etc.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.name separated by whitespace

scriptRef scriptRef⚓︎
points to a full description of the script or writing style used by this hand, typically supplied by a scriptNote element elsewhere in the description.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

medium medium⚓︎
describes the tint or type of ink, e.g. brown, or other writing medium, e.g. pencil.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

Note

Usually either script or scriptRef, and similarly, either scribe or scribeRef, will be supplied.

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B Attribute Classes

att.media

att.media provides attributes for specifying display and related properties of external media.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
binaryObject graphic media

Attributes

att.internetMedia

@mimeType

width width⚓︎
Where the media are displayed, indicates the display width.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.outputMeasurement

height height⚓︎
Where the media are displayed, indicates the display height.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.outputMeasurement

scale scale⚓︎
Where the media are displayed, indicates a scale factor to be applied when generating the desired display size.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

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B Attribute Classes

att.naming

att.naming provides attributes common to elements which refer to named persons, places, organizations etc. [3.6.1. Referring Strings 14.3.7. Names and Nyms]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.personal [addName eventName forename genName name objectName orgName persName placeName roleName surname] affiliation author birth bloc climate collection country death district editor education event geogFeat geogName institution nationality occupation offset origPlace population pubPlace region repository residence rs settlement socecStatus state terrain trait

Attributes

att.canonical

@key

@ref

role role⚓︎
may be used to specify further information about the entity referenced by this name in the form of a set of whitespace-separated values, for example the occupation of a person, or the status of a place.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.enumerated separated by whitespace

nymRef nymRef⚓︎
(reference to the canonical name) provides a means of locating the canonical form (nym) of the names associated with the object named by the element bearing it.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

The value must point directly to one or more XML elements by means of one or more URIs, separated by whitespace. If more than one is supplied, the implication is that the name is associated with several distinct canonical names.

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B Attribute Classes

att.pointing.group

att.pointing.group provides a set of attributes common to all elements which enclose groups of pointer elements. [17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
altGrp joinGrp linkGrp

Attributes

att.pointing

@targetLang

@target

@evaluate

att.typed

@type

@subtype

domains domains⚓︎
optionally specifies the identifiers of the elements within which all elements indicated by the contents of this element lie.

Status
Optional

Datatype
2–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

If this attribute is supplied every element specified as a target must be contained within the element or elements named by it. An application may choose whether or not to report failures to satisfy this constraint as errors, but may not access an element of the right identifier but in the wrong context. If this attribute is not supplied, then target elements may appear anywhere within the target document.

targFunc targFunc⚓︎
(target function) describes the function of each of the values of the target attribute of the enclosed link, join, or alt tags.

Status
Optional

Datatype
2–∞ occurrences of teidata.word separated by whitespace

Note

The number of separate values must match the number of values in the target attribute in the enclosed link, join, or alt tags (an intermediate ptr element may be needed to accomplish this). It should also match the number of values in the domains attribute, of the current element, if one has been specified.

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B Attribute Classes

att.segLike

att.segLike provides attributes for elements used for arbitrary segmentation. [17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors 18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
c cl m pc phr s seg w

Attributes

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.fragmentable

@part

att.metrical

@met

@real

@rhyme

function function⚓︎
(function) characterizes the function of the segment.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Note

Attribute values will often vary depending on the type of element to which they are attached. For example, a cl, may take values such as coordinate, subject, adverbial etc. For a phr, such values as subject, predicate etc. may be more appropriate. Such constraints will typically be implemented by a project-defined customization.

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B Attribute Classes

att.transcriptional

att.transcriptional provides attributes specific to elements encoding authorial or scribal intervention in a text when transcribing manuscript or similar sources. [12.3.1.4. Additions and Deletions]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
add addSpan del delSpan mod redo restore retrace rt subst substJoin undo

Attributes

att.editLike

@evidence

@instant

att.placement

@place

att.written

@hand

status status⚓︎
indicates the effect of the intervention, for example in the case of a deletion, strikeouts which include too much or too little text, or in the case of an addition, an insertion which duplicates some of the text already present.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

duplicate

all of the text indicated as an addition duplicates some text that is in the original, whether the duplication is word-for-word or less exact.

duplicate-partial

part of the text indicated as an addition duplicates some text that is in the original

excessStart

some text at the beginning of the deletion is marked as deleted even though it clearly should not be deleted.

excessEnd

some text at the end of the deletion is marked as deleted even though it clearly should not be deleted.

shortStart

some text at the beginning of the deletion is not marked as deleted even though it clearly should be.

shortEnd

some text at the end of the deletion is not marked as deleted even though it clearly should be.

partial

some text in the deletion is not marked as deleted even though it clearly should be.

unremarkable

the deletion is not faulty. [Default]

Note

Status information on each deletion is needed rather rarely except in critical editions from authorial manuscripts; status information on additions is even less common.

Marking a deletion or addition as faulty is inescapably an interpretive act; the usual test applied in practice is the linguistic acceptability of the text with and without the letters or words in question.

cause cause⚓︎
documents the presumed cause for the intervention.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

seq seq⚓︎
(sequence) assigns a sequence number related to the order in which the encoded features carrying this attribute are believed to have occurred.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

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B Attribute Classes

att.damaged

att.damaged provides attributes describing the nature of any physical damage affecting a reading. [12.3.3.1. Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text 1.3.1. Attribute Classes]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
damage damageSpan

Attributes

att.dimensions

@unit

@quantity

@extent

@precision

@scope

att.ranging

@atLeast

@atMost

@min

@max

@confidence

att.written

@hand

agent agent⚓︎
categorizes the cause of the damage, if it can be identified.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

rubbing

damage results from rubbing of the leaf edges

mildew

damage results from mildew on the leaf surface

smoke

damage results from smoke

degree degree⚓︎
provides a coded representation of the degree of damage, either as a number between 0 (undamaged) and 1 (very extensively damaged), or as one of the codes high, medium, low, or unknown. The damage element with the degree attribute should only be used where the text may be read with some confidence; text supplied from other sources should be tagged as supplied.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.probCert

Note

The damage element is appropriate where it is desired to record the fact of damage although this has not affected the readability of the text, for example a weathered inscription. Where the damage has rendered the text more or less illegible either the unclear tag (for partial illegibility) or the gap tag (for complete illegibility, with no text supplied) should be used, with the information concerning the damage given in the attribute values of these tags. See section 12.3.3.2. Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination for discussion of the use of these tags in particular circumstances.

group group⚓︎
assigns an arbitrary number to each stretch of damage regarded as forming part of the same physical phenomenon.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

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B Attribute Classes

att.timed

att.timed provides attributes common to those elements which have a duration in time, expressed either absolutely or by reference to an alignment map. [8.3.5. Temporal Information]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
annotationBlock binaryObject ellipsis gap incident kinesic media pause post u vocal writing

Attributes

att.duration

att.duration.iso

@dur-iso

att.duration.w3c

@dur

start start⚓︎
indicates the location within a temporal alignment at which this element begins.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

If no value is supplied, the element is assumed to follow the immediately preceding element at the same hierarchic level.

end end⚓︎
indicates the location within a temporal alignment at which this element ends.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

If no value is supplied, the element is assumed to precede the immediately following element at the same hierarchic level.

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B Attribute Classes

att.citeStructurePart

att.citeStructurePart provides attributes for selecting particular elements within a document.

Module
header — The TEI Header

Members
citeData citeStructure

Attributes

use use⚓︎
(use) supplies an XPath selection pattern using the syntax defined in Kay (ed.) (2017). The XPath pattern is relative to the context given in match, which will either be a sibling attribute in the case of <citeStructure> or on the parent <citeStructure> in the case of <citeData>.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.xpath

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B Attribute Classes

att.patternReplacement

att.patternReplacement provides attributes for regular-expression matching and replacement. [17.2.3. Using Abbreviated Pointers 2.3.6.3. Milestone Method 2.3.6. The Reference System Declaration 2.3.6.2. Search-and-Replace Method]

Module
header — The TEI Header

Members
cRefPattern prefixDef

Attributes

matchPattern matchPattern⚓︎
specifies a regular expression against which the values of other attributes can be matched.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.pattern

Note

The syntax used should follow that defined by W3C XPath syntax. Note that parenthesized groups are used not only for establishing order of precedence and atoms for quantification, but also for creating subpatterns to be referenced by the replacementPattern attribute.

replacementPattern replacementPattern⚓︎
specifies a ‘replacement pattern’, that is, the skeleton of a relative or absolute URI containing references to groups in the matchPattern which, once subpattern substitution has been performed, complete the URI.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.replacement

Note

The strings $1, $2 etc. are references to the corresponding group in the regular expression specified by matchPattern (counting open parenthesis, left to right). Processors are expected to replace them with whatever matched the corresponding group in the regular expression.

If a digit preceded by a dollar sign is needed in the actual replacement pattern (as opposed to being used as a back reference), the dollar sign must be written as %24.

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B Attribute Classes

att.formula

att.formula provides attributes for defining a mathematical formula. [2.3.9. The Unit Declaration]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
conversion

Attributes

formula formula⚓︎
A formula is provided to describe a mathematical calculation such as a conversion between measurement systems.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xpath

Example

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="stadium" type="linear">
   <label>stadium</label>
   <placeName ref="#rome"/>
   <conversion fromUnit="#pes"
    toUnit="#stadium" formula="$fromUnit * 625"/>
   <desc>The stadium was a Roman unit of linear measurement equivalent to 625 pedes, or Roman feet.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

bibliography ⚓︎

Example

<encodingDesc>
 <unitDecl>
  <unitDef xml:id="wmw" type="power">
   <label>whatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#hpk"
    toUnit="#wmw" formula="$fromUnit * 1"/>
   <desc>In the Potrzebie system of measures as introduced by Donald Knuth, the whatmeworry unit of power is equivalent to one hah per kovac.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="kwmw" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#wmw"
    toUnit="#kwmw" formula="$fromUnit div 1000"/>
   <desc>The kilowhatmeworry is equivalent to 1000 whatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
  <unitDef xml:id="ap" type="power">
   <label>kilowhatmeworry</label>
   <conversion fromUnit="#kwmw"
    toUnit="#ap" formula="$fromUnit div 100"/>
   <desc>One unit of aeolipower (A.P.) is equivalent to 100 kilowhatmeworries.</desc>
  </unitDef>
 </unitDecl>
</encodingDesc>

bibliography ⚓︎

Example

<conversion fromUnit="#furlongsPerFortnight"
 toUnit="#milesPerHour"
 formula="$fromUnit cast as xs:decimal * 0.000372"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Example

<conversion fromUnit="#deciday"
 toUnit="hour"
 formula="$fromUnit cast as xs:decimal * 144 div 60"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note

This attribute class provides formula for use in defining a value used in mathematical calculation. It can be used to store a mathematical operation needed to convert from one system of measurement to another. We use the teidata.xpath datatype to express this value in order to communicate mathematical operations on an XML node or nodes. The $fromUnit variable notation simplifies referencing of the fromUnit attribute on the parent conversion element. Note that ‘div’ is required to express the division operator in XPath.

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B Attribute Classes

att.locatable

att.locatable provides attributes for referencing locations by pointing to entries in a canonical list of places. [2.3.9. The Unit Declaration 14.3.4.3. States, Traits, and Events]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
conversion event

Attributes

where where⚓︎
indicates one or more locations by pointing to a place element or other canonical description.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

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B Attribute Classes

att.gaijiProp

att.gaijiProp provides attributes for defining the properties of non-standard characters or glyphs. [5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes]

Module
gaiji — Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes

Members
localProp unicodeProp unihanProp

Attributes

att.datable

@period

att.datable.custom

@when-custom

@notBefore-custom

@notAfter-custom

@from-custom

@to-custom

@datingPoint

@datingMethod

att.datable.iso

@when-iso

@notBefore-iso

@notAfter-iso

@from-iso

@to-iso

att.datable.w3c

@when

@notBefore

@notAfter

@from

@to

name name⚓︎
provides the name of the character or glyph property being defined.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

value value⚓︎
provides the value of the character or glyph property being defined.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.text

version version⚓︎
specifies the version number of the Unicode Standard in which this property name is defined.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

1.0.1

1.1

2.0

2.1

3.0

3.1

3.2

4.0

4.1

5.0

5.1

5.2

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.3

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

12.1

13.0

14.0

15.0

unassigned

scheme scheme⚓︎
supplies the name of the character set system from which this property is drawn.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

Unicode

(Unicode) ISO 10646 [Default]

Bridwell

(E. Nelson Bridwell) Original character set developed by E. Nelson Bridwell as described by Al Turniansky, in use from the 1950s to 1985.

Brewer

(Georg Brewer) Developed by Georg Brewer, with a look similar to the Byrne glyphs. Like the Byrne set, this is not a true character set, but rather a set of alternate glyphs.

Doyle

(Darren Doyle) Glyph set (in some cases associated with multiple characters) developed by Darren Doyle as part of a comprehensive version of the language created in part for an invented language classs at UT Austin in 2006.

Schreyer

(Christine Schreyer) Character set (without actual codepoints) of 153 characters developed, along with pronunciation rules, roughly 300 words, and a grammar, developed by Christine Schreyer developed in 2012 for Warner Brothers.

Example

In this example a definition for the Unicode property Decomposition Mapping is provided.

<unicodeProp name="Decomposition_Mapping"
 value="circle"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note

All name-only attributes need an xs:boolean attribute value inside value.

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B Attribute Classes

att.metrical

att.metrical defines a set of attributes that certain elements may use to represent metrical information. [6.4. Rhyme and Metrical Analysis]

Module
verse — Verse

Members
att.divLike [div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 lg] att.segLike [c cl m pc phr s seg w] l

Attributes

met met⚓︎
(metrical structure, conventional) contains a user-specified encoding for the conventional metrical structure of the element.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
token

Note

The pattern may be specified by means of either a standard term for the kind of metrical unit (e.g. hexameter) or an encoded representation for the metrical pattern (e.g. +--+-+-+-+-). In either case, the notation used should be documented by a metDecl element within the encodingDesc of the associated header.

Where this attribute is not specified, the metrical pattern for the element concerned is understood to be inherited from its parent.

real real⚓︎
(metrical structure, realized) contains a user-specified encoding for the actual realization of the conventional metrical structure applicable to the element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
token

Note

The pattern may be specified by means of either a standard term for the kind of metrical unit (e.g. hexameter) or an encoded representation for the metrical pattern (e.g. +--+-+-+-+-). In either case, the notation used should be documented by a metDecl element within the encodingDesc of the associated header.

Where this attribute is not specified, the metrical realization for the element concerned is understood to be identical to that specified or implied for the met attribute.

rhyme rhyme⚓︎
(rhyme scheme) specifies the rhyme scheme applicable to a group of verse lines.

Status
Recommended

Datatype
token

Note

By default, the rhyme scheme is expressed as a string of alphabetic characters each corresponding with a rhyming line. Any non-rhyming lines should be represented by a hyphen or an X. Alternative notations may be defined as for met by use of the metDecl element in the TEI header.

When the default notation is used, it does not make sense to specify this attribute on any unit smaller than a line. Nor does the default notation provide any way to record internal rhyme, or to specify non-conventional rhyming practice. These extensions would require user-defined alternative notations.

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B Attribute Classes

att.enjamb

att.enjamb (enjambement) provides attributes that may be used to indicate enjambement of the parent element. [6.2. Components of the Verse Line]

Module
verse — Verse

Members
l

Attributes

enjamb enjamb⚓︎
(enjambement) indicates that the end of a verse line is marked by enjambement.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

no

the line is end-stopped

yes

the line in question runs on into the next

weak

the line is weakly enjambed

strong

the line is strongly enjambed

Note

The usual practice will be to give the value ‘yes’ to this attribute when enjambement is being marked, or the values ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ if degrees of enjambement are of interest; if no value is given, however, the attribute does not default to a value of ‘no’; this allows the attribute to be omitted entirely when enjambement is not of particular interest.

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B Attribute Classes

att.entryLike

att.entryLike provides attributes used to distinguish different styles of dictionary entries. [10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure 10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Members
entry entryFree superEntry

Attributes

att.typed

type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
indicates type of entry, in dictionaries with multiple types.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

main

a main entry (default). [Default]

hom

(homograph) groups information relating to one homograph within an entry.

xref

(cross reference) a reduced entry whose only function is to point to another main entry (e.g. for forms of an irregular verb or for variant spellings: was pointing to be, or esthete to aesthete).

affix

an entry for a prefix, infix, or suffix.

abbr

(abbreviation) an entry for an abbreviation.

supplemental

a supplemental entry (for use in dictionaries which issue supplements to their main work in which they include updated information about entries).

foreign

an entry for a foreign word in a monolingual dictionary.

Note

The global n attribute may be used to encode the homograph numbers attached to entries for homographs.

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B Attribute Classes

att.lexicographic

att.lexicographic provides a set of attributes for specifying standard and normalized values, grammatical functions, alternate or equivalent forms, and information about composite parts. [10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Members
case colloc def entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth pRef per pos pron re sense subc syll tns usg xr

Attributes

att.datcat

@datcat

@valueDatcat

@targetDatcat

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

expand expand⚓︎
(expand) gives an expanded form of information presented more concisely in the dictionary.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

<gramGrp>
 <pos expand="noun">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

bibliography ⚓︎

split split⚓︎
(split) gives the list of split values for a merged form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

value value⚓︎
(value) gives a value which lacks any realization in the printed source text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

location location⚓︎
(location) indicates an anchor element typically elsewhere in the document, but possibly in another document, which is the original location of this component.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

mergedIn mergedIn⚓︎
(merged into) gives a reference to another element, where the original appears as a merged form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

opt opt⚓︎
(optional) indicates whether the element is optional or not.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Default
false

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B Attribute Classes

att.partials

att.partials provides attributes for describing the extent of lexical references for a dictionary term.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
orth pron

Attributes

extent extent⚓︎
indicates whether the pronunciation or orthography applies to all or part of a word.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Suggested values include:

full

(full form)

pref

(prefix)

suff

(suffix)

inf

(infix)

part

(partial)

Note

This attribute is optional, and no default value is specified, so it can be omitted if this information is not necessary.

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B Attribute Classes

att.msExcerpt

att.msExcerpt (manuscript excerpt) provides attributes used to describe excerpts from a manuscript placed in a description thereof. [11.6. Intellectual Content]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Members
colophon explicit finalRubric incipit msContents msItem msItemStruct quote rubric

Attributes

defective defective⚓︎
indicates whether the passage being quoted is defective, i.e. incomplete through loss or damage.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xTruthValue

Note

In the case of an incipit, indicates whether the incipit as given is defective, i.e. the first words of the text as preserved, as opposed to the first words of the work itself. In the case of an explicit, indicates whether the explicit as given is defective, i.e. the final words of the text as preserved, as opposed to what the closing words would have been had the text of the work been whole.

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B Attribute Classes

att.msClass

att.msClass provides attributes to indicate text type or classification. [11.6. Intellectual Content 11.6.1. The msItem and msItemStruct Elements]

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Members
msContents msItem msItemStruct

Attributes

class class⚓︎
identifies the text types or classifications applicable to this item by pointing to other elements or resources defining the classification concerned.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

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B Attribute Classes

att.global.facs

att.global.facs provides attributes used to express correspondence between an element and all or part of a facsimile image or surface. [12.1. Digital Facsimiles]

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Members
att.global [TEI ab abbr abstract accMat acquisition activity actor add addName addSpan additional additions addrLine address adminInfo affiliation age alt altGrp altIdent altIdentifier alternate am analytic anchor annotation annotationBlock anyElement app appInfo application arc argument att attDef attList attRef author authority availability back bibl biblFull biblScope biblStruct bicond binary binaryObject binding bindingDesc birth bloc body broadcast byline c cRefPattern caesura calendar calendarDesc camera caption case castGroup castItem castList catDesc catRef catchwords category cb cell certainty change channel char charDecl choice cit citeData citeStructure citedRange cl classCode classDecl classRef classSpec classes climate closer code collation collection colloc colophon cond condition constitution constraint constraintDecl constraintSpec content conversion corr correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc country creation custEvent custodialHist damage damageSpan dataFacet dataRef dataSpec datatype date dateline death decoDesc decoNote def default defaultVal del delSpan depth derivation desc dictScrap dim dimensions distinct distributor district div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 divGen docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle domain eLeaf eTree edition editionStmt editor editorialDecl education eg egXML elementRef elementSpec ellipsis email emph empty encodingDesc entry entryFree epigraph epilogue equipment equiv etym event eventName ex exemplum expan explicit extent f fDecl fDescr fLib facsimile factuality faith figDesc figure fileDesc filiation finalRubric floatingText floruit foliation foreign forename forest form formula front fs fsConstraints fsDecl fsDescr fsdDecl fsdLink funder fvLib fw g gap gb gen genName gender geo geoDecl geogFeat geogName gi gloss glyph gram gramGrp graph graphic group handDesc handNote handNotes handShift head headItem headLabel height heraldry hi history hom hyph hyphenation iNode iType ident idno if iff imprimatur imprint incident incipit index institution interaction interp interpGrp interpretation item join joinGrp keywords kinesic l label lacunaEnd lacunaStart lang langKnowledge langKnown langUsage language layout layoutDesc lb lbl leaf lem lg licence line link linkGrp list listAnnotation listApp listBibl listChange listEvent listForest listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listPrefixDef listRef listRelation listTranspose listWit localProp locale location locus locusGrp m macroRef macroSpec mapping material measure measureGrp media meeting memberOf mentioned metDecl metSym metamark milestone mod model modelGrp modelSequence moduleRef moduleSpec monogr mood move msContents msDesc msFrag msIdentifier msItem msItemStruct msName msPart musicNotation name nameLink namespace nationality node normalization notatedMusic note noteGrp notesStmt num number numeric nym oRef object objectDesc objectIdentifier objectName objectType occupation offset opener org orgName orig origDate origPlace origin orth outputRendition p pRef param paramList paramSpec particDesc path pause pb pc per performance persName persPronouns person personGrp persona phr physDesc place placeName population pos post postBox postCode postscript precision prefixDef preparedness principal profileDesc projectDesc prologue pron provenance ptr pubPlace publicationStmt publisher punctuation purpose q quotation quote rb rdg rdgGrp re recordHist recording recordingStmt redo ref refState refsDecl reg region relatedItem relation remarks rendition repository residence resp respStmt respons restore retrace revisionDesc rhyme role roleDesc roleName root row rs rt rubric ruby s said salute samplingDecl schemaRef schemaSpec scriptDesc scriptNote scriptStmt seal sealDesc secFol secl seg segmentation sense sequence series seriesStmt set setting settingDesc settlement sex shift sic signatures signed soCalled socecStatus sound source sourceDesc sourceDoc sp spGrp space span spanGrp speaker specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList sponsor stage stamp standOff state stdVals street stress string styleDefDecl subc subst substJoin summary superEntry supplied support supportDesc surface surfaceGrp surname surplus surrogates syll symbol table tag tagUsage tagsDecl taxonomy tech teiCorpus teiHeader term terrain text textClass textDesc textLang textNode then time timeline title titlePage titlePart titleStmt tns trailer trait transcriptionDesc transpose tree triangle typeDesc typeNote u unclear undo unicodeProp unihanProp unit unitDecl unitDef usg vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange val valDesc valItem valList variantEncoding view vocal w watermark when width wit witDetail witEnd witStart witness writing xenoData xr zone]

Attributes

facs facs⚓︎
(facsimile) points to one or more images, portions of an image, or surfaces which correspond to the current element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

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B Attribute Classes

att.global.change

att.global.change provides attributes allowing its member elements to specify one or more states or revision campaigns with which they are associated.

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Members
att.global [TEI ab abbr abstract accMat acquisition activity actor add addName addSpan additional additions addrLine address adminInfo affiliation age alt altGrp altIdent altIdentifier alternate am analytic anchor annotation annotationBlock anyElement app appInfo application arc argument att attDef attList attRef author authority availability back bibl biblFull biblScope biblStruct bicond binary binaryObject binding bindingDesc birth bloc body broadcast byline c cRefPattern caesura calendar calendarDesc camera caption case castGroup castItem castList catDesc catRef catchwords category cb cell certainty change channel char charDecl choice cit citeData citeStructure citedRange cl classCode classDecl classRef classSpec classes climate closer code collation collection colloc colophon cond condition constitution constraint constraintDecl constraintSpec content conversion corr correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc country creation custEvent custodialHist damage damageSpan dataFacet dataRef dataSpec datatype date dateline death decoDesc decoNote def default defaultVal del delSpan depth derivation desc dictScrap dim dimensions distinct distributor district div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 divGen docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle domain eLeaf eTree edition editionStmt editor editorialDecl education eg egXML elementRef elementSpec ellipsis email emph empty encodingDesc entry entryFree epigraph epilogue equipment equiv etym event eventName ex exemplum expan explicit extent f fDecl fDescr fLib facsimile factuality faith figDesc figure fileDesc filiation finalRubric floatingText floruit foliation foreign forename forest form formula front fs fsConstraints fsDecl fsDescr fsdDecl fsdLink funder fvLib fw g gap gb gen genName gender geo geoDecl geogFeat geogName gi gloss glyph gram gramGrp graph graphic group handDesc handNote handNotes handShift head headItem headLabel height heraldry hi history hom hyph hyphenation iNode iType ident idno if iff imprimatur imprint incident incipit index institution interaction interp interpGrp interpretation item join joinGrp keywords kinesic l label lacunaEnd lacunaStart lang langKnowledge langKnown langUsage language layout layoutDesc lb lbl leaf lem lg licence line link linkGrp list listAnnotation listApp listBibl listChange listEvent listForest listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listPrefixDef listRef listRelation listTranspose listWit localProp locale location locus locusGrp m macroRef macroSpec mapping material measure measureGrp media meeting memberOf mentioned metDecl metSym metamark milestone mod model modelGrp modelSequence moduleRef moduleSpec monogr mood move msContents msDesc msFrag msIdentifier msItem msItemStruct msName msPart musicNotation name nameLink namespace nationality node normalization notatedMusic note noteGrp notesStmt num number numeric nym oRef object objectDesc objectIdentifier objectName objectType occupation offset opener org orgName orig origDate origPlace origin orth outputRendition p pRef param paramList paramSpec particDesc path pause pb pc per performance persName persPronouns person personGrp persona phr physDesc place placeName population pos post postBox postCode postscript precision prefixDef preparedness principal profileDesc projectDesc prologue pron provenance ptr pubPlace publicationStmt publisher punctuation purpose q quotation quote rb rdg rdgGrp re recordHist recording recordingStmt redo ref refState refsDecl reg region relatedItem relation remarks rendition repository residence resp respStmt respons restore retrace revisionDesc rhyme role roleDesc roleName root row rs rt rubric ruby s said salute samplingDecl schemaRef schemaSpec scriptDesc scriptNote scriptStmt seal sealDesc secFol secl seg segmentation sense sequence series seriesStmt set setting settingDesc settlement sex shift sic signatures signed soCalled socecStatus sound source sourceDesc sourceDoc sp spGrp space span spanGrp speaker specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList sponsor stage stamp standOff state stdVals street stress string styleDefDecl subc subst substJoin summary superEntry supplied support supportDesc surface surfaceGrp surname surplus surrogates syll symbol table tag tagUsage tagsDecl taxonomy tech teiCorpus teiHeader term terrain text textClass textDesc textLang textNode then time timeline title titlePage titlePart titleStmt tns trailer trait transcriptionDesc transpose tree triangle typeDesc typeNote u unclear undo unicodeProp unihanProp unit unitDecl unitDef usg vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange val valDesc valItem valList variantEncoding view vocal w watermark when width wit witDetail witEnd witStart witness writing xenoData xr zone]

Attributes

change change⚓︎
points to one or more change elements documenting a state or revision campaign to which the element bearing this attribute and its children have been assigned by the encoder.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

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B Attribute Classes

att.coordinated

att.coordinated provides attributes that can be used to position their parent element within a two dimensional coordinate system.

Module
transcr — Representation of Primary Sources

Members
line path surface zone

Attributes

start start⚓︎
indicates the element within a transcription of the text containing at least the start of the writing represented by this zone or surface.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

ulx ulx⚓︎
gives the x coordinate value for the upper left corner of a rectangular space.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

uly uly⚓︎
gives the y coordinate value for the upper left corner of a rectangular space.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

lrx lrx⚓︎
gives the x coordinate value for the lower right corner of a rectangular space.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

lry lry⚓︎
gives the y coordinate value for the lower right corner of a rectangular space.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.numeric

points points⚓︎
identifies a two dimensional area by means of a series of pairs of numbers, each of which gives the x,y coordinates of a point on a line enclosing the area.

Status
Optional

Datatype
3–∞ occurrences of teidata.point separated by whitespace

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B Attribute Classes

att.rdgPart

att.rdgPart provides attributes to mark the beginning or ending of a fragmentary manuscript or other witness. [13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Members
lacunaEnd lacunaStart wit witEnd witStart

Attributes

wit wit⚓︎
(witness or witnesses) contains a space-delimited list of one or more sigla indicating the witnesses to this reading beginning or ending at this point.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

These elements may appear anywhere within the elements lem and rdg, and also within any of their constituent elements.

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B Attribute Classes

att.witnessed

att.witnessed provides attributes used to identify the witnesses supporting a particular reading in a critical apparatus. [13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Members
lem rdg

Attributes

wit wit⚓︎
(witness or witnesses) contains a space-delimited list of one or more pointers indicating the witnesses which attest to a given reading.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

If the apparatus contains readings only for a single witness, this attribute may be consistently omitted.

This attribute may occur both within an apparatus gathering variant readings in the transcription of an individual witness and within an apparatus gathering readings from different witnesses.

Additional descriptions or alternative versions of the sigla referenced may be supplied as the content of a child wit element.

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B Attribute Classes

att.textCritical

att.textCritical defines a set of attributes common to all elements representing variant readings in text critical work. [13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Members
lem rdg rdgGrp

Attributes

att.written

@hand

att.typed

type

@subtype

type type⚓︎
classifies the reading according to some useful typology.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

substantive

(substantive) the reading offers a substantive variant.

orthographic

(orthographic) the reading differs only orthographically, not in substance, from other readings.

cause cause⚓︎
classifies the cause for the variant reading, according to any appropriate typology of possible origins.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Sample values include:

homeoteleuton

homeoarchy

paleographicConfusion

haplography

dittography

falseEmendation

varSeq varSeq⚓︎
(variant sequence) provides a number indicating the position of this reading in a sequence, when there is reason to presume a sequence to the variants.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Note

Different variant sequences could be coded with distinct number trails: 1-2-3 for one sequence, 5-6-7 for another. More complex variant sequences, with (for example) multiple branchings from single readings, may be expressed through the join element.

require require⚓︎
points to other readings that are required when adopting the current reading or lemma.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

This element class defines attributes inherited by rdg, lem, and rdgGrp.

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B Attribute Classes

att.personal

att.personal (attributes for components of names usually, but not necessarily, personal names) common attributes for those elements which form part of a name usually, but not necessarily, a personal name. [14.2.1. Personal Names]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
addName eventName forename genName name objectName orgName persName placeName roleName surname

Attributes

att.naming

@role

@nymRef

att.canonical

@key

@ref

full full⚓︎
indicates whether the name component is given in full, as an abbreviation or simply as an initial.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

yes

(yes) the name component is spelled out in full. [Default]

abb

(abbreviated) the name component is given in an abbreviated form.

init

(initial letter) the name component is indicated only by one initial.

sort sort⚓︎
(sort) specifies the sort order of the name component in relation to others within the name.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

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B Attribute Classes

att.datable.iso

att.datable.iso provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events using the ISO 8601:2004 standard. [3.6.4. Dates and Times 14.4. Dates]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Members
att.datable [att.gaijiProp [localProp unicodeProp unihanProp] acquisition affiliation age altIdentifier application author binding birth bloc change climate conversion country creation custEvent date death district docDate editor education event eventName faith floruit funder gender geogFeat geogName idno langKnowledge langKnown licence location mapping meeting name nationality objectName occupation offset orgName origDate origPlace origin persName persPronouns placeName population post precision principal provenance region relation residence resp seal settlement sex socecStatus sponsor stamp state terrain time title trait unitDecl unitDef]

Attributes

when-iso when-iso⚓︎
supplies the value of a date or time in a standard form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.iso

The following are examples of ISO date, time, and date & time formats that are not valid W3C format normalizations.

<date when-iso="1996-09-24T07:25+00">Sept. 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date>
<date when-iso="1996-09-24T03:25-04">Sept. 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date>
<time when-iso="1999-01-04T20:42-05">4 Jan 1999 at 8:42 pm</time>
<time when-iso="1999-W01-1T20,70-05">4 Jan 1999 at 8:42 pm</time>
<date when-iso="2006-05-18T10:03">a few minutes after ten in the morning on Thu 18 May</date>
<time when-iso="03:00">3 A.M.</time>
<time when-iso="14">around two</time>
<time when-iso="15,5">half past three</time>

bibliography ⚓︎

All of the examples of the when attribute in the att.datable.w3c class are also valid with respect to this attribute.

He likes to be punctual. I said <q>
 <time when-iso="12">around noon</time>
</q>, and he showed up at <time when-iso="12:00:00">12 O'clock</time> on the dot.

bibliography ⚓︎

The second occurrence of time could have been encoded with the when attribute, as 12:00:00 is a valid time with respect to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition specification. The first occurrence could not.

notBefore-iso notBefore-iso⚓︎
specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.iso

notAfter-iso notAfter-iso⚓︎
specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.iso

from-iso from-iso⚓︎
indicates the starting point of the period in standard form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.iso

to-iso to-iso⚓︎
indicates the ending point of the period in standard form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.iso

Note

The value of these attributes should be a normalized representation of the date, time, or combined date & time intended, in any of the standard formats specified by ISO 8601:2004, using the Gregorian calendar.

If both when-iso and dur-iso are specified, the values should be interpreted as indicating a span of time by its starting time (or date) and duration. That is,

<date when-iso="2007-06-01" dur-iso="P8D"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

indicates the same time period as

<date when-iso="2007-06-01/P8D"/>

bibliography ⚓︎

In providing a ‘regularized’ form, no claim is made that the form in the source text is incorrect; the regularized form is simply that chosen as the main form for purposes of unifying variant forms under a single heading.

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B Attribute Classes

att.calendarSystem

att.calendarSystem provides attributes for indicating calendar systems to which a date belongs. [3.6.4. Dates and Times 14.4. Dates]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
date docDate origDate time

Attributes

calendar calendar⚓︎
indicates one or more systems or calendars to which the date represented by the content of this element belongs.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@calendar]">
<sch:assert test="string-length( normalize-space(.) ) gt 0"> @calendar indicates one or more
systems or calendars to which the date represented by the content of this element belongs,
but this <sch:name/> element has no textual content.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

He was born on <date calendar="#gregorian">Feb. 22, 1732</date> (<date calendar="#julian" when="1732-02-22">Feb. 11, 1731/32,
O.S.</date>).

⚓︎

He was born on <date calendar="#gregorian #julian"
 when="1732-02-22">Feb. 22, 1732
(Feb. 11, 1731/32, O.S.)</date>.

⚓︎

Note

Note that the calendar attribute declares the calendar system used to interpret the textual content of an element, as it appears on an original source. It does not modify the interpretation of the normalization attributes provided by att.datable.w3c, att.datable.iso, or att.datable.custom. Attributes from those first two classes are always interpreted as Gregorian or proleptic Gregorian dates, as per the respective standards on which they are based. The calender system used to interpret the last (att.datable.custom) may be specified with datingMethod.

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B Attribute Classes

att.duration.iso

att.duration.iso provides attributes for recording normalized temporal durations. [3.6.4. Dates and Times 14.4. Dates]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Members
att.duration [att.timed [annotationBlock binaryObject ellipsis gap incident kinesic media pause post u vocal writing] date recording time]

Attributes

dur-iso dur-iso⚓︎
(duration) indicates the length of this element in time.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.duration.iso

Note

If both when and dur or dur-iso are specified, the values should be interpreted as indicating a span of time by its starting time (or date) and duration. In order to represent a time range by a duration and its ending time the when-iso attribute must be used.

In providing a ‘regularized’ form, no claim is made that the form in the source text is incorrect; the regularized form is simply that chosen as the main form for purposes of unifying variant forms under a single heading.

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B Attribute Classes

att.global.linking

att.global.linking provides a set of attributes for hypertextual linking. [17. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment]

Module
linking — Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment

Members
att.global [TEI ab abbr abstract accMat acquisition activity actor add addName addSpan additional additions addrLine address adminInfo affiliation age alt altGrp altIdent altIdentifier alternate am analytic anchor annotation annotationBlock anyElement app appInfo application arc argument att attDef attList attRef author authority availability back bibl biblFull biblScope biblStruct bicond binary binaryObject binding bindingDesc birth bloc body broadcast byline c cRefPattern caesura calendar calendarDesc camera caption case castGroup castItem castList catDesc catRef catchwords category cb cell certainty change channel char charDecl choice cit citeData citeStructure citedRange cl classCode classDecl classRef classSpec classes climate closer code collation collection colloc colophon cond condition constitution constraint constraintDecl constraintSpec content conversion corr correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc country creation custEvent custodialHist damage damageSpan dataFacet dataRef dataSpec datatype date dateline death decoDesc decoNote def default defaultVal del delSpan depth derivation desc dictScrap dim dimensions distinct distributor district div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 divGen docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle domain eLeaf eTree edition editionStmt editor editorialDecl education eg egXML elementRef elementSpec ellipsis email emph empty encodingDesc entry entryFree epigraph epilogue equipment equiv etym event eventName ex exemplum expan explicit extent f fDecl fDescr fLib facsimile factuality faith figDesc figure fileDesc filiation finalRubric floatingText floruit foliation foreign forename forest form formula front fs fsConstraints fsDecl fsDescr fsdDecl fsdLink funder fvLib fw g gap gb gen genName gender geo geoDecl geogFeat geogName gi gloss glyph gram gramGrp graph graphic group handDesc handNote handNotes handShift head headItem headLabel height heraldry hi history hom hyph hyphenation iNode iType ident idno if iff imprimatur imprint incident incipit index institution interaction interp interpGrp interpretation item join joinGrp keywords kinesic l label lacunaEnd lacunaStart lang langKnowledge langKnown langUsage language layout layoutDesc lb lbl leaf lem lg licence line link linkGrp list listAnnotation listApp listBibl listChange listEvent listForest listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listPrefixDef listRef listRelation listTranspose listWit localProp locale location locus locusGrp m macroRef macroSpec mapping material measure measureGrp media meeting memberOf mentioned metDecl metSym metamark milestone mod model modelGrp modelSequence moduleRef moduleSpec monogr mood move msContents msDesc msFrag msIdentifier msItem msItemStruct msName msPart musicNotation name nameLink namespace nationality node normalization notatedMusic note noteGrp notesStmt num number numeric nym oRef object objectDesc objectIdentifier objectName objectType occupation offset opener org orgName orig origDate origPlace origin orth outputRendition p pRef param paramList paramSpec particDesc path pause pb pc per performance persName persPronouns person personGrp persona phr physDesc place placeName population pos post postBox postCode postscript precision prefixDef preparedness principal profileDesc projectDesc prologue pron provenance ptr pubPlace publicationStmt publisher punctuation purpose q quotation quote rb rdg rdgGrp re recordHist recording recordingStmt redo ref refState refsDecl reg region relatedItem relation remarks rendition repository residence resp respStmt respons restore retrace revisionDesc rhyme role roleDesc roleName root row rs rt rubric ruby s said salute samplingDecl schemaRef schemaSpec scriptDesc scriptNote scriptStmt seal sealDesc secFol secl seg segmentation sense sequence series seriesStmt set setting settingDesc settlement sex shift sic signatures signed soCalled socecStatus sound source sourceDesc sourceDoc sp spGrp space span spanGrp speaker specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList sponsor stage stamp standOff state stdVals street stress string styleDefDecl subc subst substJoin summary superEntry supplied support supportDesc surface surfaceGrp surname surplus surrogates syll symbol table tag tagUsage tagsDecl taxonomy tech teiCorpus teiHeader term terrain text textClass textDesc textLang textNode then time timeline title titlePage titlePart titleStmt tns trailer trait transcriptionDesc transpose tree triangle typeDesc typeNote u unclear undo unicodeProp unihanProp unit unitDecl unitDef usg vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange val valDesc valItem valList variantEncoding view vocal w watermark when width wit witDetail witEnd witStart witness writing xenoData xr zone]

Attributes

corresp corresp⚓︎
(corresponds) points to elements that correspond to the current element in some way.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

<group>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t1" xml:lang="mi">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>He Whakamaramatanga mo te Ture Hoko, Riihi hoki, i nga Whenua Maori, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
 <text xml:id="t1-g1-t2" xml:lang="en">
  <body xml:id="t1-g1-t2-body1"
   corresp="#t1-g1-t1-body1">
   <div type="chapter">
    <head>An Act to regulate the Sale, Letting, and Disposal of Native Lands, 1876.</head>
    <p>…</p>
   </div>
  </body>
 </text>
</group>

⚓︎

In this example a group contains two texts, each containing the same document in a different language. The correspondence is indicated using corresp. The language is indicated using xml:lang, whose value is inherited; both the tag with the corresp and the tag pointed to by the corresp inherit the value from their immediate parent.

<!-- In a placeography called "places.xml" --><place xml:id="LOND1"
 corresp="people.xml#LOND2 people.xml#GENI1">
 <placeName>London</placeName>
 <desc>The city of London...</desc>
</place>
<!-- In a literary personography called "people.xml" -->
<person xml:id="LOND2"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #GENI1">
 <persName type="lit">London</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Allegorical character representing the city of <placeName ref="places.xml#LOND1">London</placeName>.</p>
 </note>
</person>
<person xml:id="GENI1"
 corresp="places.xml#LOND1 #LOND2">
 <persName type="lit">London’s Genius</persName>
 <note>
  <p>Personification of London’s genius. Appears as an
     allegorical character in mayoral shows.
  </p>
 </note>
</person>

⚓︎

In this example, a place element containing information about the city of London is linked with two person elements in a literary personography. This correspondence represents a slightly looser relationship than the one in the preceding example; there is no sense in which an allegorical character could be substituted for the physical city, or vice versa, but there is obviously a correspondence between them.

synch synch⚓︎
(synchronous) points to elements that are synchronous with the current element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

sameAs sameAs⚓︎
points to an element that is the same as the current element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

copyOf copyOf⚓︎
points to an element of which the current element is a copy.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

Any content of the current element should be ignored. Its true content is that of the element being pointed at.

next next⚓︎
(next) points to the next element of a virtual aggregate of which the current element is part.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

It is recommended that the element indicated be of the same type as the element bearing this attribute.

prev prev⚓︎
(previous) points to the previous element of a virtual aggregate of which the current element is part.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

Note

It is recommended that the element indicated be of the same type as the element bearing this attribute.

exclude exclude⚓︎
points to elements that are in exclusive alternation with the current element.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

select select⚓︎
selects one or more alternants; if one alternant is selected, the ambiguity or uncertainty is marked as resolved. If more than one alternant is selected, the degree of ambiguity or uncertainty is marked as reduced by the number of alternants not selected.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

This attribute should be placed on an element which is superordinate to all of the alternants from which the selection is being made.

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B Attribute Classes

att.lexicographic.normalized

att.lexicographic.normalized provides attributes for usage within word-level elements in the analysis module and within lexicographic microstructure in the dictionaries module.

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Members
att.lexicographic [case colloc def entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth pRef per pos pron re sense subc syll tns usg xr] att.linguistic [pc w]

Attributes

norm norm⚓︎
(normalized) provides the normalized/standardized form of information present in the source text in a non-normalized form.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

Normalization of part-of-speech information within a dictionary entry.

<gramGrp>
 <pos norm="noun">n</pos>
</gramGrp>

⚓︎

Normalization of a source form in a tokenized historical corpus.

<s>
 <w>for</w>
 <w norm="virtue's">vertues</w>
 <w>sake</w>
</s>

⚓︎

<s>
 <w norm="persuasion">perswasion</w>
 <w>of</w>
 <w norm="Unity">Vnitie</w>
</s>

⚓︎

Example of normalization from Aviso. Relation oder Zeitung. Wolfenbüttel, 1609. In: Deutsches Textarchiv.

<s>
 <w norm="freiwillig">freywillig</w>
 <pc norm="," join="left">/</pc>
 <w norm="unbedrängt">vnbedraͤngt</w>
 <w norm="und">vnd</w>
 <w norm="unverhindert">vnuerhindert</w>
</s>

⚓︎

<w norm="Teil">Theyll</w>

⚓︎

<w norm="Freude">Frewde</w>

⚓︎

orig orig⚓︎
(original) gives the original string or is the empty string when the element does not appear in the source text.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

Example from a language documentation project of the Mixtepec-Mixtec language (ISO 639-3: 'mix'). This is a use case where speakers spell something incorrectly but we would like to preserve it for any number of reasons, the use of orig is essential and could have uses for both the speaker to see past mistakes, researchers to get insight into how untrained speakers write their language instinctually (in contrast to prescribed convention), etc.:

<w orig="ntsa sia'i">ntsasia'i</w>

⚓︎

Example from the EarlyPrint project. Fragment of text where obvious errors have been corrected but the original forms remain recorded:

<w lemma="he" pos="pns"
 xml:id="b1afj-003-a-0950">he</w>
<w lemma="have" pos="vvz"
 xml:id="b1afj-003-a-0960">hath</w>
<w lemma="bring" pos="vvn"
 xml:id="b1afj-003-a-0970">brought</w>
<w lemma="forth" pos="av"
 xml:id="b1afj-003-a-0980" orig="sorth">forth</w>

⚓︎

An example from the EarlyPrint project showing the use of both norm and orig. The orig attribute preserves the original version (sometimes with spelling errors, often with printer abbreviations), the element content resolves printer abbreviations but retains the original orthography, and the norm attribute holds normalized values:

<w lemma="commandment" pos="n1"
 norm="commandment" xml:id="b9avr-018-a-7720"
 orig="commandemēt">commandement</w>

⚓︎

Note

It needs to be stressed that the two attributes in this class are meant for strictly lexicographic and linguistic uses, and not for editorial interventions. For the latter, the mechanism based on choice, orig, and reg needs to be employed.

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B Attribute Classes

att.linguistic

att.linguistic provides a set of attributes concerning linguistic features of tokens, for usage within token-level elements, specifically w and pc in the analysis module. [18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Members
pc w

Attributes

att.lexicographic.normalized

@norm

@orig

lemma lemma⚓︎
provides a lemma (base form) for the word, typically uninflected and serving both as an identifier (e.g. in dictionary contexts, as a headword), and as a basis for potential inflections.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

<w lemma="wife">wives</w>

⚓︎

<w lemma="Arznei">Artzeneyen</w>

⚓︎

lemmaRef lemmaRef⚓︎
provides a pointer to a definition of the lemma for the word, for example in an online lexicon.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.pointer

<w type="verb" lemma="hit"
 lemmaRef="http://www.example.com/lexicon/hitvb.xml">hitt<m type="suffix">ing</m>
</w>

⚓︎

pos pos⚓︎
(part of speech) indicates the part of speech assigned to a token (i.e. information on whether it is a noun, adjective, or verb), usually according to some official reference vocabulary (e.g. for German: STTS, for English: CLAWS, for Polish: NKJP, etc.).

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

The German sentence ‘Wir fahren in den Urlaub.’ tagged with the Stuttgart-Tuebingen-Tagset (STTS).

<s>
 <w pos="PPER">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR">in</w>
 <w pos="ART">den</w>
 <w pos="NN">Urlaub</w>
 <w pos="$.">.</w>
</s>

⚓︎

The English sentence ‘We're going to Brazil.’ tagged with the CLAWS-5 tagset, arranged inline (with significant whitespace).

<p><w pos="PNP">We</w><w pos="VBB">'re</w> <w pos="VVG">going</w> <w pos="PRP">to</w> <w pos="NP0">Brazil</w><pc pos="PUN">.</pc></p>         

⚓︎

The English sentence ‘We're going on vacation to Brazil for a month!’ tagged with the CLAWS-7 tagset and arranged sequentially.

<p>
 <w pos="PPIS2">We</w>
 <w pos="VBR">'re</w>
 <w pos="VVG">going</w>
 <w pos="II">on</w>
 <w pos="NN1">vacation</w>
 <w pos="II">to</w>
 <w pos="NP1">Brazil</w>
 <w pos="IF">for</w>
 <w pos="AT1">a</w>
 <w pos="NNT1">month</w>
 <pc pos="!">!</pc>
</p>

⚓︎

msd msd⚓︎
(morphosyntactic description) supplies morphosyntactic information for a token, usually according to some official reference vocabulary (e.g. for German: STTS-large tagset; for a feature description system designed as (pragmatically) universal, see Universal Features).

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

<ab>
 <w pos="PPER" msd="1.Pl.*.Nom">Wir</w>
 <w pos="VVFIN" msd="1.Pl.Pres.Ind">fahren</w>
 <w pos="APPR" msd="--">in</w>
 <w pos="ART" msd="Def.Masc.Akk.Sg">den</w>
 <w pos="NN" msd="Masc.Akk.Sg">Urlaub</w>
 <pc pos="$." msd="--">.</pc>
</ab>

⚓︎

join join⚓︎
when present, provides information on whether the token in question is adjacent to another, and if so, on which side.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.text

Legal values are:

no

the token is not adjacent to another

left

there is no whitespace on the left side of the token

right

there is no whitespace on the right side of the token

both

there is no whitespace on either side of the token

overlap

the token overlaps with another; other devices (specifying the extent and the area of overlap) are needed to more precisely locate this token in the character stream

The example below assumes that the lack of whitespace is marked redundantly, by using the appropriate values of join.

<s>
 <pc join="right">"</pc>
 <w join="left">Friends</w>
 <w>will</w>
 <w>be</w>
 <w join="right">friends</w>
 <pc join="both">.</pc>
 <pc join="left">"</pc>
</s>

⚓︎

Note that a project may make a decision to only indicate lack of whitespace in one direction, or do that non-redundantly. The existing proposal is the broadest possible, on the assumption that we adopt the "streamable view", where all the information on the current element needs to be represented locally.

The English sentence ‘We're going on vacation.’ tagged with the CLAWS-5 tagset, arranged sequentially, tagged on the assumption that only the lack of the preceding whitespace is indicated.

<p>
 <w pos="PNP">We</w>
 <w pos="VBB" join="left">'re</w>
 <w pos="VVG">going</w>
 <w pos="PRP">on</w>
 <w pos="NN1">vacation</w>
 <pc pos="PUN" join="left">.</pc>
</p>

⚓︎

Note

The definition of this attribute is adapted from ISO MAF (Morpho-syntactic Annotation Framework), ISO 24611:2012.

Note

These attributes make it possible to encode simple language corpora and to add a layer of linguistic information to any tokenized resource. See section 18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation for discussion.

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B Attribute Classes

att.global.analytic

att.global.analytic provides additional global attributes for associating specific analyses or interpretations with appropriate portions of a text. [18.2. Global Attributes for Simple Analyses 18.3. Spans and Interpretations]

Module
analysis — Simple Analytic Mechanisms

Members
att.global [TEI ab abbr abstract accMat acquisition activity actor add addName addSpan additional additions addrLine address adminInfo affiliation age alt altGrp altIdent altIdentifier alternate am analytic anchor annotation annotationBlock anyElement app appInfo application arc argument att attDef attList attRef author authority availability back bibl biblFull biblScope biblStruct bicond binary binaryObject binding bindingDesc birth bloc body broadcast byline c cRefPattern caesura calendar calendarDesc camera caption case castGroup castItem castList catDesc catRef catchwords category cb cell certainty change channel char charDecl choice cit citeData citeStructure citedRange cl classCode classDecl classRef classSpec classes climate closer code collation collection colloc colophon cond condition constitution constraint constraintDecl constraintSpec content conversion corr correction correspAction correspContext correspDesc country creation custEvent custodialHist damage damageSpan dataFacet dataRef dataSpec datatype date dateline death decoDesc decoNote def default defaultVal del delSpan depth derivation desc dictScrap dim dimensions distinct distributor district div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 divGen docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle domain eLeaf eTree edition editionStmt editor editorialDecl education eg egXML elementRef elementSpec ellipsis email emph empty encodingDesc entry entryFree epigraph epilogue equipment equiv etym event eventName ex exemplum expan explicit extent f fDecl fDescr fLib facsimile factuality faith figDesc figure fileDesc filiation finalRubric floatingText floruit foliation foreign forename forest form formula front fs fsConstraints fsDecl fsDescr fsdDecl fsdLink funder fvLib fw g gap gb gen genName gender geo geoDecl geogFeat geogName gi gloss glyph gram gramGrp graph graphic group handDesc handNote handNotes handShift head headItem headLabel height heraldry hi history hom hyph hyphenation iNode iType ident idno if iff imprimatur imprint incident incipit index institution interaction interp interpGrp interpretation item join joinGrp keywords kinesic l label lacunaEnd lacunaStart lang langKnowledge langKnown langUsage language layout layoutDesc lb lbl leaf lem lg licence line link linkGrp list listAnnotation listApp listBibl listChange listEvent listForest listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listPrefixDef listRef listRelation listTranspose listWit localProp locale location locus locusGrp m macroRef macroSpec mapping material measure measureGrp media meeting memberOf mentioned metDecl metSym metamark milestone mod model modelGrp modelSequence moduleRef moduleSpec monogr mood move msContents msDesc msFrag msIdentifier msItem msItemStruct msName msPart musicNotation name nameLink namespace nationality node normalization notatedMusic note noteGrp notesStmt num number numeric nym oRef object objectDesc objectIdentifier objectName objectType occupation offset opener org orgName orig origDate origPlace origin orth outputRendition p pRef param paramList paramSpec particDesc path pause pb pc per performance persName persPronouns person personGrp persona phr physDesc place placeName population pos post postBox postCode postscript precision prefixDef preparedness principal profileDesc projectDesc prologue pron provenance ptr pubPlace publicationStmt publisher punctuation purpose q quotation quote rb rdg rdgGrp re recordHist recording recordingStmt redo ref refState refsDecl reg region relatedItem relation remarks rendition repository residence resp respStmt respons restore retrace revisionDesc rhyme role roleDesc roleName root row rs rt rubric ruby s said salute samplingDecl schemaRef schemaSpec scriptDesc scriptNote scriptStmt seal sealDesc secFol secl seg segmentation sense sequence series seriesStmt set setting settingDesc settlement sex shift sic signatures signed soCalled socecStatus sound source sourceDesc sourceDoc sp spGrp space span spanGrp speaker specDesc specGrp specGrpRef specList sponsor stage stamp standOff state stdVals street stress string styleDefDecl subc subst substJoin summary superEntry supplied support supportDesc surface surfaceGrp surname surplus surrogates syll symbol table tag tagUsage tagsDecl taxonomy tech teiCorpus teiHeader term terrain text textClass textDesc textLang textNode then time timeline title titlePage titlePart titleStmt tns trailer trait transcriptionDesc transpose tree triangle typeDesc typeNote u unclear undo unicodeProp unihanProp unit unitDecl unitDef usg vAlt vColl vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange val valDesc valItem valList variantEncoding view vocal w watermark when width wit witDetail witEnd witStart witness writing xenoData xr zone]

Attributes

ana ana⚓︎
(analysis) indicates one or more elements containing interpretations of the element on which the ana attribute appears.

Status
Optional

Datatype
1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer separated by whitespace

Note

When multiple values are given, they may reflect either multiple divergent interpretations of an ambiguous text, or multiple mutually consistent interpretations of the same passage in different contexts.

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B Attribute Classes

att.translatable

att.translatable provides attributes used to indicate the status of a translatable portion of an ODD document.

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Members
desc exemplum gloss remarks valDesc

Attributes

versionDate versionDate⚓︎
specifies the date on which the source text was extracted and sent to the translator

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.temporal.working

Note

The versionDate attribute can be used to determine whether a translation might need to be revisited, by comparing the modification date on the containing file with the versionDate value on the translation. If the file has changed, changelogs can be checked to see whether the source text has been modified since the translation was made.

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B Attribute Classes

att.predicate

att.predicate provides attributes for filtering by an XPath predicate expression. [23.4. Common Elements 23.5.4.1. The TEI processing model 23.5.4.9. Implementation of Processing Models]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Members
equiv model

Attributes

predicate predicate⚓︎
the condition under which the element bearing this attribute applies, given as an XPath predicate expression.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xpath

Note

The XPath predicate expression given as the value of the predicate attribute has to be provided without wrapping square brackets.

Example

<model predicate="parent::person"
 behaviour="inline">
 <desc versionDate="2015-08-21"
  xml:lang="en">If it is a child of a person element, treat as inline</desc>
</model>

bibliography ⚓︎

Example

The following example declares that the name element can be mapped to, or is equivalent to, the external concepts of ‘PERSON’ and ‘PLACE’ depending on the ‘XPath’ expression given in predicate

<elementSpec ident="name" mode="change">
 <equiv name="PERSON"
  predicate="@type eq 'person'"
  uri="http://www.example.com/entities/person"/>
 <equiv name="PLACE"
  predicate="@type eq 'place'"
  uri="http://www.example.com/entities/place"/>
</elementSpec>

bibliography ⚓︎

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§

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B Attribute Classes

att.repeatable

att.repeatable provides attributes for the elements which define component parts of a content model.

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Members
alternate anyElement classRef datatype elementRef sequence

Attributes

minOccurs minOccurs⚓︎
(minimum number of occurrences) indicates the smallest number of times this component may occur.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.count

Default
1

maxOccurs maxOccurs⚓︎
(maximum number of occurrences) indicates the largest number of times this component may occur.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.unboundedCount

Default
1

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[ @minOccurs and @maxOccurs ]">
<sch:let name="min"
 value="@minOccurs cast as xs:integer"/>
<sch:let name="max"
 value="if ( normalize-space( @maxOccurs ) eq 'unbounded') then -1 else @maxOccurs cast as xs:integer"/>
<sch:assert test="$max eq -1 or $max ge $min">@maxOccurs should be greater than or equal to @minOccurs</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>
<sch:rule context="tei:*[ @minOccurs and not( @maxOccurs ) ]">
<sch:assert test="@minOccurs cast as xs:integer lt 2">When @maxOccurs is not specified, @minOccurs must be 0 or 1</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Note

The value of minOccurs must always be less than or equal to that of maxOccurs. Since the default value of maxOccurs is 1, when maxOccurs is not specified minOccurs must always be less than or equal to 1. The default value of minOccurs is also 1, and therefore, when minOccurs is not specified the value of maxOccurs must always be greater than or equal to 1. An ODD processor should raise an error if either of these conditions is not met.

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B Attribute Classes

att.combinable

att.combinable provides attributes indicating how multiple references to the same object in a schema should be combined.

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Members
att.identified [attDef classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec paramSpec schemaSpec] defaultVal remarks valDesc valItem valList

Attributes

att.deprecated

@validUntil

mode mode⚓︎
specifies the effect of this declaration on its parent object.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.enumerated

Legal values are:

add

this declaration is part of the current definitions. [Default]

delete

the object with the same identifier (and namespace in the case of an element or attribute) as the current one is no longer part of the current definitions

change

this declaration changes the object of the same identifier (and namespace in the case of an element or attribute) in the current definition

replace

this declaration replaces the object with the same identifier (and namespace in the case of an element or attribute) in the current definition.

Note

An ODD processor should handle the values for mode as follows:

add

the object should be created (processing any children in add mode); raise an error if the object has an identifier and an object with the same identifier (and namespace in the case of an element or attribute) already exists.

replace

use this object in preference to any existing object with the same identifier (and namespace in the case of an element or attribute), and ignore any children of that object; process any new children in replace mode

delete

do not process this object or any existing object with the same identifier (and namespace in the case of an element or attribute); the element carrying this attribute must be empty: raise an error if there are any children

change

process this object and its children, replacing only those components of an existing object of the same type with the same identifier (and namespace in case of an element or attribute) that are explicitly specified. This will change only those existing attribute values and child elements that appear both in the original specification and in the new specification. Other children from the original specification will be preserved.

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B Attribute Classes

att.identified

att.identified provides identifying attributes for elements which can be subsequently referenced by means of a key attribute.

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Members
attDef classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec paramSpec schemaSpec

Attributes

att.combinable

@mode

att.deprecated

@validUntil

ident ident⚓︎
supplies the identifier by which this element may be referenced.

Status
Required

Datatype
teidata.name

predeclare predeclare⚓︎
says whether this object should be predeclared in the tei infrastructure module.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.truthValue

Default
false

module module⚓︎
supplies a name for the module in which this object is to be declared.

Status
Optional

Datatype
teidata.xmlName

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:elementSpec[@module]|tei:classSpec[@module]|tei:macroSpec[@module]">
<sch:assert test="(not(ancestor::tei:schemaSpec | ancestor::tei:TEI | ancestor::tei:teiCorpus)) or (not(@module) or (not(//tei:moduleSpec) and not(//tei:moduleRef)) or (//tei:moduleSpec[@ident = current()/@module]) or (//tei:moduleRef[@key = current()/@module]))"> Specification <sch:value-of select="@ident"/>: the value of the module attribute ("<sch:value-of select="@module"/>")
should correspond to an existing module, via a moduleSpec or
moduleRef</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

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B Attribute Classes

att.deprecated

att.deprecated provides attributes indicating how a deprecated feature will be treated in future releases.

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Members
att.combinable [att.identified [attDef classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec paramSpec schemaSpec] defaultVal remarks valDesc valItem valList]

Attributes

validUntil validUntil⚓︎
provides a date before which the construct being defined will not be removed.

Status
Optional

Datatype
date

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@validUntil]">
<sch:let name="advance_warning_period"
 value="current-date() + xs:dayTimeDuration('P60D')"/>
<sch:let name="me_phrase"
 value="if (@ident) then concat('The ', @ident ) else concat('This ', local-name(.), ' of ', ancestor::tei:*[@ident][1]/@ident )"/>
<sch:assert test="@validUntil cast as xs:date ge current-date()">
 <sch:value-of select="concat( $me_phrase, ' construct is outdated (as of ', @validUntil, '); ODD processors may ignore it, and its use is no longer supported' )"/>
</sch:assert>
<sch:assert role="warning"
 test="@validUntil cast as xs:date ge $advance_warning_period">
 <sch:value-of select="concat( $me_phrase, ' construct becomes outdated on ', @validUntil )"/>
</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Schematron

<sch:rule context="tei:*[@validUntil][ not( self::tei:valDesc | self::tei:valList | self::tei:defaultVal | self::tei:remarks )]">
<sch:assert test="child::tei:desc[ @type eq 'deprecationInfo']"> A deprecated construct should include, whenever possible, an explanation, but this <sch:value-of select="name(.)"/> does not have a child <desc type="deprecationInfo"></sch:assert>
</sch:rule>

Note

The value of this attribute should represent a date (in standard yyyy-mm-dd format) which is later than the date on which the attribute is added to an ODD. Technically, this attribute asserts only the intent to leave a construct in future releases of the markup language being defined up to at least the specified date, and makes no assertion about what happens past that date. In practice, the expectation is that the construct will be removed from future releases of the markup language being defined sometime shortly after the validUntil date.

An ODD processor will typically not process a specification element which has a validUntil date that is in the past. An ODD processor will typically warn users about constructs which have a validUntil date that is in the future. E.g., the documentation for such a construct might include the phrase warning: deprecated in red.

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B Attribute Classes

att.namespaceable

att.namespaceable provides attributes indicating the target namespace for an object being created.

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Members
attDef elementSpec schemaSpec

Attributes

ns ns⚓︎
(namespace) specifies the namespace to which the element(s) being specified belongs.

Status
Optional

Datatype
0–1 occurrences of teidata.namespace separated by whitespace

Default
http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0

Note

When specified on an elementSpec, this attribute specifies the namespace of the element being added, deleted, replaced, or changed. When specified on a schemaSpec, this attribute specifies the namespace of every element that is added, deleted, replaced, or changed by elementSpec children of the schemaSpec, or by elementSpecs referred to by specGrpRef children of the schemaSpec, unless overridden by an ns attribute on the elementSpec.

Note that the value of ns of attDef is not inherited from its ancestors.

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A Model Classes

model.nameLike.agent

model.nameLike.agent groups elements which contain names of individuals or corporate bodies. [3.6. Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.nameLike respStmt setting

Members
name orgName persName

Note

This class is used in the content model of elements which reference names of people or organizations.

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A Model Classes

model.segLike

model.segLike groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation. [17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors 18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

bibl model.phrase

Members
c cl m pc phr s seg w

Note

The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly in the segmentation element of the encodingDesc within the associated TEI header.

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A Model Classes

model.hiLike

model.hiLike groups phrase-level elements which are typographically distinct but to which no specific function can be attributed. [3.3. Highlighting and Quotation]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

formula m model.highlighted model.limitedPhrase model.linePart w

Members
hi q

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A Model Classes

model.emphLike

model.emphLike groups phrase-level elements which are typographically distinct and to which a specific function can be attributed. [3.3. Highlighting and Quotation]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.highlighted model.limitedPhrase

Members
code distinct emph foreign gloss ident mentioned soCalled term title

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A Model Classes

model.highlighted

model.highlighted groups phrase-level elements which are typographically distinct. [3.3. Highlighting and Quotation]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

bibl model.phrase

Members
model.emphLike [code distinct emph foreign gloss ident mentioned soCalled term title] model.hiLike [hi q]

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A Model Classes

model.dateLike

model.dateLike groups elements containing temporal expressions. [3.6.4. Dates and Times 14.4. Dates]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

imprint model.correspActionPart model.pPart.data model.recordingPart setting

Members
date time

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A Model Classes

model.dimLike

model.dimLike groups elements which describe a measurement forming part of the physical dimensions of some object.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

dimensions

Members
depth height width

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A Model Classes

model.measureLike

model.measureLike groups elements which denote a number, a quantity, a measurement, or similar piece of text that conveys some numerical meaning. [3.6.3. Numbers and Measures]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

location measureGrp model.pPart.data

Members
depth dim geo height measure measureGrp num unit width

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A Model Classes

model.egLike

model.egLike groups elements containing examples or illustrations. [23.1.1. Phrase Level Terms]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

cit model.inter

Members
eg egXML

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A Model Classes

model.graphicLike

model.graphicLike groups elements containing images, formulae, and similar objects. [3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

char cit facsimile figure formula glyph model.phrase sourceDoc surface table zone

Members
binaryObject formula graphic media

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A Model Classes

model.offsetLike

model.offsetLike groups elements which can appear only as part of a place name. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

location model.nameLike

Members
geogFeat offset

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A Model Classes

model.pPart.msdesc

model.pPart.msdesc groups phrase-level elements used in manuscript description. [11. Manuscript Description]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.limitedPhrase model.phrase

Members
catchwords dimensions heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark

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A Model Classes

model.pPart.editorial

model.pPart.editorial groups phrase-level elements for simple editorial interventions that may be useful both in transcribing and in authoring. [3.5. Simple Editorial Changes]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.limitedPhrase model.pPart.edit

Members
abbr am choice ex expan subst

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A Model Classes

model.pPart.transcriptional

model.pPart.transcriptional groups phrase-level elements used for editorial transcription of pre-existing source materials. [3.5. Simple Editorial Changes]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

am lg model.pPart.edit

Members
add corr damage del handShift mod orig redo reg restore retrace secl sic supplied surplus unclear undo

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A Model Classes

model.pPart.edit

model.pPart.edit groups phrase-level elements for simple editorial correction and transcription. [3.5. Simple Editorial Changes]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

bibl model.phrase pc w

Members
model.pPart.editorial [abbr am choice ex expan subst] model.pPart.transcriptional [add corr damage del handShift mod orig redo reg restore retrace secl sic supplied surplus unclear undo]

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A Model Classes

model.linePart

model.linePart groups transcriptional elements which appear within lines or zones of a source-oriented transcription within a sourceDoc element.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

line zone

Members
model.hiLike [hi q] add c choice damage del handShift line mod path pc redo restore retrace seg unclear undo w zone

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A Model Classes

model.ptrLike

model.ptrLike groups elements used for purposes of location and reference. [3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

analytic application bibl biblStruct cit eLeaf eTree entry event listRef model.correspContextPart model.limitedPhrase model.phrase model.publicationStmtPart.detail monogr notatedMusic org person place relatedItem series transcriptionDesc

Members
listRef ptr ref

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A Model Classes

model.lPart

model.lPart groups phrase-level elements which may appear within verse only. [6.2. Components of the Verse Line]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.phrase w

Members
caesura rhyme

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A Model Classes

model.global.meta

model.global.meta groups globally available elements which describe the status of other elements. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.global model.standOffPart

Members
alt altGrp certainty fLib fs fvLib index interp interpGrp join joinGrp link linkGrp listTranspose precision respons span spanGrp substJoin timeline

Note

Elements in this class are typically used to hold groups of links or of abstract interpretations, or by provide indications of certainty etc. It may find be convenient to localize all metadata elements, for example to contain them within the same divison as the elements that they relate to; or to locate them all to a division of their own. They may however appear at any point in a TEI text.

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A Model Classes

model.milestoneLike

model.milestoneLike groups milestone-style elements used to represent reference systems. [1.3. The TEI Class System 3.11.3. Milestone Elements]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

listBibl model.global org subst

Members
anchor cb fw gb lb milestone pb

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A Model Classes

model.gLike

model.gLike groups elements used to represent individual non-Unicode characters or glyphs.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

am bibl byline castItem closer date dateline dictScrap docImprint entryFree etym form gramGrp head idno interp l lem line locus m macro.phraseSeq macro.specialPara macro.specialPara.cmc macro.xtext measureGrp model.paraPart msName oRef opener origDate pRef pc post rdg re sense series time trailer w witDetail xr zone

Members
g

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A Model Classes

model.oddDecl

model.oddDecl groups elements which generate declarations in some markup language in ODD documents.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.inter schemaSpec specGrp

Members
classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef

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A Model Classes

model.oddRef

model.oddRef groups elements which reference declarations in some markup language in ODD documents.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

schemaSpec specGrp

Members
classRef dataRef elementRef macroRef moduleRef

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A Model Classes

model.phrase.xml

model.phrase.xml groups phrase-level elements used to encode XML constructs such as element names, attribute names, and attribute values. [23. Documentation Elements]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.limitedPhrase model.phrase

Members
att gi tag val

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A Model Classes

model.specDescLike

model.specDescLike groups elements for referring to specification elements. [23. Documentation Elements]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.phrase

Members
specDesc specList

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A Model Classes

model.biblLike

model.biblLike groups elements containing a bibliographic description. [3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

broadcast cit climate event listBibl location model.entryPart.top model.inter model.msItemPart model.personPart model.standOffPart object org place population relatedItem scriptStmt sourceDesc state taxonomy terrain trait

Members
bibl biblFull biblStruct listBibl msDesc

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A Model Classes

model.headLike

model.headLike groups elements used to provide a title or heading at the start of a text division.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

argument castGroup climate divGen event figure listAnnotation listApp listBibl listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation listWit model.divTopPart msDesc msFrag msPart object org place population post set spGrp state table terrain trait

Members
head

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A Model Classes

model.labelLike

model.labelLike groups elements used to gloss or explain other parts of a document.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

application climate event lg listAnnotation location model.inter notatedMusic org place population state surface terrain trait transcriptionDesc unitDef

Members
desc label

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A Model Classes

model.listLike

model.listLike groups list-like elements. [3.8. Lists]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

abstract back model.inter model.standOffPart sourceDesc sp

Members
list listApp listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation listWit table

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A Model Classes

model.noteLike

model.noteLike groups globally-available note-like elements. [3.9. Notes, Annotation, and Indexing]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

adminInfo app biblStruct char climate event glyph location metDecl model.global monogr msItemStruct notesStmt object org place population rdgGrp state terrain trait

Members
note noteGrp

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A Model Classes

model.lLike

model.lLike groups elements representing metrical components such as verse lines.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

head lg model.divPart model.paraPart post sp trailer

Members
l

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A Model Classes

model.pLike

model.pLike groups paragraph-like elements.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

abstract additional application availability back binding bindingDesc broadcast cRefPattern calendar climate correction correspAction correspDesc custodialHist decoDesc editionStmt editorialDecl encodingDesc equipment event exemplum front handDesc history hyphenation interpretation langKnowledge langUsage layoutDesc listRelation metDecl model.correspContextPart model.divPart msContents msDesc msFrag msItem msItemStruct msPart normalization nym object objectDesc org particDesc person personGrp persona physDesc place population post prefixDef projectDesc publicationStmt punctuation quotation recordHist recording recordingStmt refsDecl remarks samplingDecl scriptDesc scriptStmt seal sealDesc segmentation seriesStmt setting settingDesc sourceDesc sp state stdVals styleDefDecl supportDesc terrain trait transcriptionDesc typeDesc

Members
ab p

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A Model Classes

model.stageLike

model.stageLike groups elements containing stage directions or similar things defined by the module for performance texts. [7.3. Other Types of Performance Text]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

lg model.inter sp spGrp

Members
camera caption move sound stage tech view

Note

Stage directions are members of class inter: that is, they can appear between or within component-level elements.

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A Model Classes

model.featureVal.complex

model.featureVal.complex groups elements which express complex feature values in feature structures.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.featureVal

Members
fs vColl vMerge vNot

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A Model Classes

model.featureVal.single

model.featureVal.single group elements used to represent atomic feature values in feature structures.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.featureVal vColl

Members
binary default numeric string symbol vAlt vLabel

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A Model Classes

model.entryPart

model.entryPart groups non-morphological elements appearing within a dictionary entry. [10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

cit dictScrap entryFree nym

Members
colloc def etym form gramGrp hom hyph lbl orth pos pron re sense subc superEntry syll usg xr

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A Model Classes

model.entryPart.top

model.entryPart.top groups high level elements within a structured dictionary entry. [10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

entry hom re sense

Members
model.biblLike [bibl biblFull biblStruct listBibl msDesc] cit def dictScrap entry etym form gramGrp lbl re usg xr

Note

Members of this class typically contain related parts of a dictionary entry which form a coherent subdivision, for example a particular sense, homonym, etc.

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A Model Classes

model.eventLike

model.eventLike groups elements which describe events.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

event listEvent model.orgPart model.personPart place

Members
event listEvent

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A Model Classes

model.global.edit

model.global.edit groups globally available elements which perform a specifically editorial function. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.global

Members
addSpan app damageSpan delSpan ellipsis gap space witDetail

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A Model Classes

model.global.spoken

model.global.spoken groups elements which may appear globally within spoken texts. [8.1. General Considerations and Overview]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Used by

annotationBlock model.global

Members
incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing

Note

This class groups elements which can appear anywhere within transcribed speech.

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A Model Classes

model.divPart

model.divPart groups paragraph-level elements appearing directly within divisions. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

lem macro.specialPara macro.specialPara.cmc model.common rdg specGrp

Members
model.divPart.spoken [annotationBlock u] model.lLike [l] model.pLike [ab p] eTree forest graph lg listForest sp spGrp tree

Note

Note that this element class does not include members of the model.inter class, which can appear either within or between paragraph-level items.

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A Model Classes

model.persStateLike

model.persStateLike groups elements describing changeable characteristics of a person which have a definite duration, for example occupation, residence, or name.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.personPart

Members
affiliation age education faith floruit gender langKnowledge nationality occupation persName persPronouns persona residence sex socecStatus state trait

Note

These characteristics of an individual are typically a consequence of their own action or that of others.

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A Model Classes

model.personLike

model.personLike groups elements which provide information about people and their relationships.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

event listPerson org particDesc

Members
org person personGrp

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A Model Classes

model.personPart

model.personPart groups elements which form part of the description of a person. [16.2.2. The Participant Description]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

person personGrp persona

Members
model.biblLike [bibl biblFull biblStruct listBibl msDesc] model.eventLike [event listEvent] model.persStateLike [affiliation age education faith floruit gender langKnowledge nationality occupation persName persPronouns persona residence sex socecStatus state trait] birth death idno name

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A Model Classes

model.placeNamePart

model.placeNamePart groups elements which form part of a place name. [14.2.3. Place Names]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

altIdentifier location model.placeStateLike msIdentifier objectIdentifier unitDef

Members
bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement

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A Model Classes

model.placeStateLike

model.placeStateLike groups elements which describe changing states of a place.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.nameLike place

Members
model.placeNamePart [bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement] climate location population state terrain trait

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A Model Classes

model.orgPart

model.orgPart groups elements which form part of the description of an organization.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

org

Members
model.eventLike [event listEvent] listOrg listPerson listPlace

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A Model Classes

model.publicationStmtPart.agency

model.publicationStmtPart.agency groups the child elements of a publicationStmt element of the TEI header that indicate an authorising agent. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

publicationStmt

Members
authority distributor publisher

Note

The ‘agency’ child elements, while not required, are required if one of the ‘detail’ child elements is to be used. It is not valid to have a ‘detail’ child element without a preceding ‘agency’ child element.

See also model.publicationStmtPart.detail.

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A Model Classes

model.publicationStmtPart.detail

model.publicationStmtPart.detail groups the agency-specific child elements of the publicationStmt element of the TEI header. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

publicationStmt

Members
model.ptrLike [listRef ptr ref] address availability date idno pubPlace

Note

A ‘detail’ child element may not occur unless an ‘agency’ child element precedes it.

See also model.publicationStmtPart.agency.

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A Model Classes

model.availabilityPart

model.availabilityPart groups elements such as licences and paragraphs of text which may appear as part of an availability statement. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

availability

Members
licence

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A Model Classes

model.certLike

model.certLike groups elements which are used to indicate uncertainty or precision of other elements.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

certainty gap interp join precision respons space substJoin

Members
certainty precision respons

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A Model Classes

model.descLike

model.descLike groups elements which contain a description of their function.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

altGrp attDef category certainty char citeStructure classSpec constraintDecl constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec ellipsis gap glyph graphic incident interp interpGrp join joinGrp kinesic linkGrp macroSpec media model modelGrp modelSequence moduleSpec paramSpec precision respons schemaRef schemaSpec space spanGrp substJoin taxonomy valItem vocal

Members
desc

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A Model Classes

model.identEquiv

model.identEquiv groups elements which provide an equivalent value to the identity of their parent element, either as a formal construct or in natural language.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

constraintDecl model model.identSynonyms modelGrp modelSequence moduleSpec paramSpec schemaSpec

Members
equiv gloss

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A Model Classes

model.identSynonyms

model.identSynonyms groups elements which provide an explanation, equivalency, or alternative name for a markup construct.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

attDef classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec valItem

Members
model.identEquiv [equiv gloss] altIdent

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A Model Classes

model.quoteLike

model.quoteLike groups elements used to directly contain quotations.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.attributable model.msItemPart

Members
cit quote

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A Model Classes

model.attributable

model.attributable groups elements that contain a word or phrase that can be attributed to a source. [3.3.3. Quotation 4.3.2. Floating Texts]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

cit macro.phraseSeq model.inter sp

Members
model.quoteLike [cit quote] floatingText said

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A Model Classes

model.rdgLike

model.rdgLike groups elements which contain a single reading, other than the lemma, within a textual variation. [13.1. The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Used by

app rdgGrp

Members
rdg

Note

This class allows for variants of the rdg element to be easily created via TEI customizations.

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A Model Classes

model.respLike

model.respLike groups elements which are used to indicate intellectual or other significant responsibility, for example within a bibliographic element.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

editionStmt model.biblPart model.msItemPart titleStmt

Members
author editor funder meeting principal respStmt sponsor

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A Model Classes

model.divWrapper

model.divWrapper groups elements which can appear at either top or bottom of a textual division. [4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.divBottom model.divTop

Members
argument byline dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph meeting salute

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A Model Classes

model.divTopPart

model.divTopPart groups elements which can occur only at the beginning of a text division. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.divTop postscript

Members
model.headLike [head] opener signed

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A Model Classes

model.divTop

model.divTop groups elements appearing at the beginning of a text division. [4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

body castList div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epilogue group lg list performance prologue

Members
model.divTopPart [model.headLike [head] opener signed] model.divWrapper [argument byline dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph meeting salute]

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A Model Classes

model.frontPart.drama

model.frontPart.drama groups elements which appear at the level of divisions within front or back matter of performance texts only. [7.1. Front and Back Matter ]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.frontPart

Members
castList epilogue performance prologue set

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A Model Classes

model.pLike.front

model.pLike.front groups paragraph-like elements which can occur as direct constituents of front matter. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

back front

Members
argument byline dateline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph head titlePart

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A Model Classes

model.divBottomPart

model.divBottomPart groups elements which can occur only at the end of a text division. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

back model.divBottom postscript

Members
closer postscript signed trailer

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A Model Classes

model.divBottom

model.divBottom groups elements appearing at the end of a text division. [4.2. Elements Common to All Divisions]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epilogue figure front group lg list performance post prologue table

Members
model.divBottomPart [closer postscript signed trailer] model.divWrapper [argument byline dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph meeting salute]

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A Model Classes

model.titlepagePart

model.titlepagePart groups elements which can occur as direct constituents of a title page, such as docTitle, docAuthor, docImprint, or epigraph. [4.6. Title Pages]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

msItem titlePage

Members
argument binaryObject byline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph graphic imprimatur titlePart

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A Model Classes

model.msQuoteLike

model.msQuoteLike groups elements which represent passages such as titles quoted from a manuscript as a part of its description.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.msItemPart

Members
colophon explicit finalRubric incipit rubric title

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A Model Classes

model.msItemPart

model.msItemPart groups elements which can appear within a manuscript item description.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

msItem

Members
model.biblLike [bibl biblFull biblStruct listBibl msDesc] model.msQuoteLike [colophon explicit finalRubric incipit rubric title] model.quoteLike [cit quote] model.respLike [author editor funder meeting principal respStmt sponsor] decoNote filiation idno msItem msItemStruct textLang

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A Model Classes

model.choicePart

model.choicePart groups elements (other than choice itself) which can be used within a choice alternation. [3.5. Simple Editorial Changes]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

choice

Members
abbr am corr ex expan orig reg seg sic supplied unclear

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A Model Classes

model.recordingPart

model.recordingPart groups elements used to describe details of an audio or video recording. [8.2. Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Used by

recording

Members
model.dateLike [date time] broadcast equipment media respStmt

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A Model Classes

model.imprintPart

model.imprintPart groups the bibliographic elements which occur inside imprints. [3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

imprint model.biblPart

Members
biblScope distributor pubPlace publisher

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A Model Classes

model.catDescPart

model.catDescPart groups component elements of the TEI header Category Description.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

catDesc

Members
textDesc

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A Model Classes

model.settingPart

model.settingPart groups elements used to describe the setting of a linguistic interaction.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

setting

Members
activity locale placeName

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A Model Classes

model.textDescPart

model.textDescPart groups elements used to categorize a text for example in terms of its situational parameters.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

textDesc

Members
channel constitution derivation domain factuality interaction preparedness

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A Model Classes

model.castItemPart

model.castItemPart groups component elements of an entry in a cast list, such as dramatic role or actor's name.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

castItem

Members
actor role roleDesc

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A Model Classes

model.physDescPart

model.physDescPart groups specialized elements forming part of the physical description of a manuscript or similar written source.

Module
msdescription — Manuscript Description

Used by

physDesc

Members
accMat additions bindingDesc decoDesc handDesc musicNotation objectDesc scriptDesc sealDesc typeDesc

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A Model Classes

model.addressLike

model.addressLike groups elements used to represent a postal or email address. [1. The TEI Infrastructure]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

location model.correspActionPart model.pPart.data

Members
address affiliation email

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A Model Classes

model.nameLike

model.nameLike groups elements which name or refer to a person, place, or organization.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

model.addrPart model.correspActionPart model.pPart.data org

Members
model.nameLike.agent [name orgName persName] model.offsetLike [geogFeat offset] model.persNamePart [addName forename genName nameLink persPronouns roleName surname] model.placeStateLike [model.placeNamePart [bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement] climate location population state terrain trait] eventName idno lang objectName rs

Note

A superset of the naming elements that may appear in datelines, addresses, statements of responsibility, etc.

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A Model Classes

model.persNamePart

model.persNamePart groups elements which form part of a personal name. [14.2.1. Personal Names]

Module
namesdates — Names, Dates, People, and Places

Used by

model.nameLike

Members
addName forename genName nameLink persPronouns roleName surname

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A Model Classes

model.global

model.global groups elements which may appear at any point within a TEI text. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

address argument back bibl body byline castGroup castItem castList cit closer date dateline dictScrap div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 docImprint docTitle entry entryFree epigraph epilogue etym figure floatingText form front gramGrp graph group head hom imprint l lem lg line list m macro.phraseSeq macro.phraseSeq.limited macro.specialPara macro.specialPara.cmc model.paraPart msItem opener origDate performance person personGrp persona post postscript prologue rdg re sense series set sourceDoc sp spGrp surface surfaceGrp table text time titlePage trailer w witDetail xr zone

Members
model.global.edit [addSpan app damageSpan delSpan ellipsis gap space witDetail] model.global.meta [alt altGrp certainty fLib fs fvLib index interp interpGrp join joinGrp link linkGrp listTranspose precision respons span spanGrp substJoin timeline] model.global.spoken [incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing] model.milestoneLike [anchor cb fw gb lb milestone pb] model.noteLike [note noteGrp] figure metamark notatedMusic

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A Model Classes

model.featureVal

model.featureVal groups elements which represent feature values in feature structures.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

f fvLib if vAlt vDefault vLabel vMerge vNot vRange

Members
model.featureVal.complex [fs vColl vMerge vNot] model.featureVal.single [binary default numeric string symbol vAlt vLabel]

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A Model Classes

model.biblPart

model.biblPart groups elements which represent components of a bibliographic description. [3.12. Bibliographic Citations and References]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

bibl

Members
model.imprintPart [biblScope distributor pubPlace publisher] model.respLike [author editor funder meeting principal respStmt sponsor] availability bibl citedRange decoNote edition explicit extent incipit listRelation msIdentifier objectIdentifier quote relatedItem series textLang

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A Model Classes

model.frontPart

model.frontPart groups elements which appear at the level of divisions within front or back matter. [7.1. Front and Back Matter ]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

back front

Members
model.frontPart.drama [castList epilogue performance prologue set] divGen listBibl schemaSpec titlePage

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A Model Classes

model.addrPart

model.addrPart groups elements such as names or postal codes which may appear as part of a postal address. [3.6.2. Addresses]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

address

Members
model.nameLike [model.nameLike.agent [name orgName persName] model.offsetLike [geogFeat offset] model.persNamePart [addName forename genName nameLink persPronouns roleName surname] model.placeStateLike [model.placeNamePart [bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement] climate location population state terrain trait] eventName idno lang objectName rs] addrLine postBox postCode street

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A Model Classes

model.pPart.data

model.pPart.data groups phrase-level elements containing names, dates, numbers, measures, and similar data. [3.6. Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

bibl model.limitedPhrase model.phrase

Members
model.addressLike [address affiliation email] model.dateLike [date time] model.measureLike [depth dim geo height measure measureGrp num unit width] model.nameLike [model.nameLike.agent [name orgName persName] model.offsetLike [geogFeat offset] model.persNamePart [addName forename genName nameLink persPronouns roleName surname] model.placeStateLike [model.placeNamePart [bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement] climate location population state terrain trait] eventName idno lang objectName rs]

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A Model Classes

model.inter

model.inter groups elements which can appear either within or between paragraph-like elements. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

dictScrap entryFree etym form gramGrp head l lem macro.limitedContent macro.specialPara macro.specialPara.cmc model.common model.paraPart post rdg trailer witness xr

Members
model.attributable [model.quoteLike [cit quote] floatingText said] model.biblLike [bibl biblFull biblStruct listBibl msDesc] model.egLike [eg egXML] model.labelLike [desc label] model.listLike [list listApp listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation listWit table] model.oddDecl [classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef] model.stageLike [camera caption move sound stage tech view] castList

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A Model Classes

model.cmc

model.cmc includes the CMC-specific element post and makes it available on the divPart level. This allows for using (and combining) occurrences of post, u, incident, and kinesic in one and the same div in order to be able to represent the combined use of written and spoken posts, utterances, and nonverbal acts on the GUI of multimodal CMC environments.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

macro.specialPara.cmc model.common

Members
post

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A Model Classes

model.common

model.common groups common chunk- and inter-level elements. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

argument body castList div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6 div7 epigraph epilogue figure performance postscript prologue set

Members
model.cmc [post] model.divPart [model.divPart.spoken [annotationBlock u] model.lLike [l] model.pLike [ab p] eTree forest graph lg listForest sp spGrp tree] model.entryLike [entry entryFree superEntry] model.inter [model.attributable [model.quoteLike [cit quote] floatingText said] model.biblLike [bibl biblFull biblStruct listBibl msDesc] model.egLike [eg egXML] model.labelLike [desc label] model.listLike [list listApp listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation listWit table] model.oddDecl [classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef] model.stageLike [camera caption move sound stage tech view] castList] q

Note

This class defines the set of chunk- and inter-level elements; it is used in many content models, including those for textual divisions.

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A Model Classes

model.phrase

model.phrase groups elements which can occur at the level of individual words or phrases. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

byline castItem closer date dateline dictScrap docImprint entryFree etym form gramGrp head l lem macro.phraseSeq macro.specialPara macro.specialPara.cmc model.paraPart opener origDate post rdg re sense time trailer witDetail xr

Members
model.graphicLike [binaryObject formula graphic media] model.highlighted [model.emphLike [code distinct emph foreign gloss ident mentioned soCalled term title] model.hiLike [hi q] ] model.lPart [caesura rhyme] model.pPart.data [model.addressLike [address affiliation email] model.dateLike [date time] model.measureLike [depth dim geo height measure measureGrp num unit width] model.nameLike [model.nameLike.agent [name orgName persName] model.offsetLike [geogFeat offset] model.persNamePart [addName forename genName nameLink persPronouns roleName surname] model.placeStateLike [model.placeNamePart [bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement] climate location population state terrain trait] eventName idno lang objectName rs] ] model.pPart.edit [model.pPart.editorial [abbr am choice ex expan subst] model.pPart.transcriptional [add corr damage del handShift mod orig redo reg restore retrace secl sic supplied surplus unclear undo] ] model.pPart.msdesc [catchwords dimensions heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark] model.phrase.xml [att gi tag val] model.ptrLike [listRef ptr ref] model.ptrLike.form [oRef pRef] model.segLike [c cl m pc phr s seg w] model.specDescLike [specDesc specList] ruby

Note

This class of elements can occur within paragraphs, list items, lines of verse, etc.

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A Model Classes

model.paraPart

model.paraPart groups elements that may appear in paragraphs and similar elements. [3.1. Paragraphs]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

macro.abContent macro.paraContent

Members
model.gLike [g] model.global [model.global.edit [addSpan app damageSpan delSpan ellipsis gap space witDetail] model.global.meta [alt altGrp certainty fLib fs fvLib index interp interpGrp join joinGrp link linkGrp listTranspose precision respons span spanGrp substJoin timeline] model.global.spoken [incident kinesic pause shift vocal writing] model.milestoneLike [anchor cb fw gb lb milestone pb] model.noteLike [note noteGrp] figure metamark notatedMusic] model.inter [model.attributable [model.quoteLike [cit quote] floatingText said] model.biblLike [bibl biblFull biblStruct listBibl msDesc] model.egLike [eg egXML] model.labelLike [desc label] model.listLike [list listApp listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation listWit table] model.oddDecl [classSpec constraintSpec dataSpec elementSpec macroSpec moduleSpec outputRendition specGrp specGrpRef] model.stageLike [camera caption move sound stage tech view] castList] model.lLike [l] model.phrase [model.graphicLike [binaryObject formula graphic media] model.highlighted [model.emphLike [code distinct emph foreign gloss ident mentioned soCalled term title] model.hiLike [hi q] ] model.lPart [caesura rhyme] model.pPart.data [model.addressLike [address affiliation email] model.dateLike [date time] model.measureLike [depth dim geo height measure measureGrp num unit width] model.nameLike [model.nameLike.agent [name orgName persName] model.offsetLike [geogFeat offset] model.persNamePart [addName forename genName nameLink persPronouns roleName surname] model.placeStateLike [model.placeNamePart [bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement] climate location population state terrain trait] eventName idno lang objectName rs] ] model.pPart.edit [model.pPart.editorial [abbr am choice ex expan subst] model.pPart.transcriptional [add corr damage del handShift mod orig redo reg restore retrace secl sic supplied surplus unclear undo] ] model.pPart.msdesc [catchwords dimensions heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark] model.phrase.xml [att gi tag val] model.ptrLike [listRef ptr ref] model.ptrLike.form [oRef pRef] model.segLike [c cl m pc phr s seg w] model.specDescLike [specDesc specList] ruby] lg

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A Model Classes

model.limitedPhrase

model.limitedPhrase groups phrase-level elements excluding those elements primarily intended for transcription of existing sources. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

catDesc creation macro.limitedContent macro.phraseSeq.limited witness

Members
model.emphLike [code distinct emph foreign gloss ident mentioned soCalled term title] model.hiLike [hi q] model.pPart.data [model.addressLike [address affiliation email] model.dateLike [date time] model.measureLike [depth dim geo height measure measureGrp num unit width] model.nameLike [model.nameLike.agent [name orgName persName] model.offsetLike [geogFeat offset] model.persNamePart [addName forename genName nameLink persPronouns roleName surname] model.placeStateLike [model.placeNamePart [bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement] climate location population state terrain trait] eventName idno lang objectName rs] ] model.pPart.editorial [abbr am choice ex expan subst] model.pPart.msdesc [catchwords dimensions heraldry locus locusGrp material objectType origDate origPlace secFol signatures stamp watermark] model.phrase.xml [att gi tag val] model.ptrLike [listRef ptr ref]

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A Model Classes

model.divLike

model.divLike groups elements used to represent un-numbered generic structural divisions.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

back body div front lem rdg

Members
div

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A Model Classes

model.divGenLike

model.divGenLike groups elements used to represent a structural division which is generated rather than explicitly present in the source.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

body div div1 div2 div3 div4 div5 div6

Members
divGen

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A Model Classes

model.div1Like

model.div1Like groups top-level structural divisions.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

back body front

Members
div1

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A Model Classes

model.div2Like

model.div2Like groups second-level structural divisions.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

div1

Members
div2

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A Model Classes

model.div3Like

model.div3Like groups third-level structural divisions.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

div2

Members
div3

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A Model Classes

model.div4Like

model.div4Like groups fourth-level structural divisions.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

div3

Members
div4

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A Model Classes

model.div5Like

model.div5Like groups fifth-level structural divisions.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

div4

Members
div5

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A Model Classes

model.div6Like

model.div6Like groups sixth-level structural divisions.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

div5

Members
div6

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A Model Classes

model.div7Like

model.div7Like groups seventh-level structural divisions.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

div6

Members
div7

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A Model Classes

model.annotationLike

model.annotationLike groups elements used to represent annotations. [17.10. The standOff Container]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

listAnnotation model.standOffPart

Members
annotation annotationBlock note

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A Model Classes

model.annotationPart.body

model.annotationPart.body groups elements which may be used as an annotation body.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

annotation

Members
note ptr ref

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A Model Classes

model.applicationLike

model.applicationLike groups elements used to record application-specific information about a document in its header.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

appInfo

Members
application

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A Model Classes

model.teiHeaderPart

model.teiHeaderPart groups high level elements which may appear more than once in a TEI header.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

teiHeader

Members
encodingDesc profileDesc xenoData

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A Model Classes

model.sourceDescPart

model.sourceDescPart groups elements which may be used inside sourceDesc and appear multiple times.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

sourceDesc

Members
recordingStmt scriptStmt

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A Model Classes

model.encodingDescPart

model.encodingDescPart groups elements which may be used inside encodingDesc and appear multiple times.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

encodingDesc

Members
appInfo charDecl classDecl constraintDecl editorialDecl fsdDecl geoDecl listPrefixDef metDecl projectDesc refsDecl samplingDecl schemaRef schemaSpec styleDefDecl tagsDecl transcriptionDesc unitDecl variantEncoding

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A Model Classes

model.editorialDeclPart

model.editorialDeclPart groups elements which may be used inside editorialDecl and appear multiple times.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

editorialDecl

Members
correction hyphenation interpretation normalization punctuation quotation segmentation stdVals

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A Model Classes

model.profileDescPart

model.profileDescPart groups elements which may be used inside profileDesc and appear multiple times.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

profileDesc

Members
abstract calendarDesc correspDesc creation handNotes langUsage listTranspose particDesc settingDesc textClass textDesc

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A Model Classes

model.standOffPart

model.standOffPart groups elements which may be used as children of standOff.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

standOff

Members
model.annotationLike [annotation annotationBlock note] model.biblLike [bibl biblFull biblStruct listBibl msDesc] model.entryLike [entry entryFree superEntry] model.global.meta [alt altGrp certainty fLib fs fvLib index interp interpGrp join joinGrp link linkGrp listTranspose precision respons span spanGrp substJoin timeline] model.listLike [list listApp listEvent listNym listObject listOrg listPerson listPlace listRelation listWit table] castList eTree forest graph listAnnotation listChange listForest seg tree u xenoData zone

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A Model Classes

model.correspActionPart

model.correspActionPart groups elements which define the parts (usually names, dates and places) of one action related to the correspondence.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

correspAction

Members
model.addressLike [address affiliation email] model.dateLike [date time] model.nameLike [model.nameLike.agent [name orgName persName] model.offsetLike [geogFeat offset] model.persNamePart [addName forename genName nameLink persPronouns roleName surname] model.placeStateLike [model.placeNamePart [bloc country district geogName placeName region settlement] climate location population state terrain trait] eventName idno lang objectName rs] note noteGrp

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A Model Classes

model.correspContextPart

model.correspContextPart groups elements which may appear as part of the correspContext element.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

correspContext

Members
model.pLike [ab p] model.ptrLike [listRef ptr ref] note noteGrp

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A Model Classes

model.correspDescPart

model.correspDescPart groups together metadata elements for describing correspondence.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

correspDesc

Members
correspAction correspContext note noteGrp

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A Model Classes

model.divPart.spoken

model.divPart.spoken groups elements structurally analogous to paragraphs within spoken texts. [8.1. General Considerations and Overview]

Module
spoken — Transcriptions of Speech

Used by

model.divPart

Members
annotationBlock u

Note

Spoken texts may be structured in many ways; elements in this class are typically larger units such as turns or utterances.

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A Model Classes

model.entryLike

model.entryLike groups elements structurally analogous to paragraphs within dictionaries. [10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure 1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Used by

model.common model.standOffPart

Members
entry entryFree superEntry

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A Model Classes

model.morphLike

model.morphLike groups elements which provide morphological information within a dictionary entry. [10.3. Top-level Constituents of Entries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Used by

dictScrap entryFree model.gramPart

Members
case gen gram iType mood number per tns

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A Model Classes

model.lexicalRefinement

model.lexicalRefinement elements adding further precision to the lexico-grammatical information provided for a dictionary entry.

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Used by

model.gramPart

Members
colloc gramGrp lbl pos subc usg

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A Model Classes

model.gramPart

model.gramPart groups elements allowed within a gramGrp element in a dictionary. [10.3.2. Grammatical Information]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Used by

gramGrp model.formPart

Members
model.lexicalRefinement [colloc gramGrp lbl pos subc usg] model.morphLike [case gen gram iType mood number per tns]

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A Model Classes

model.formPart

model.formPart groups elements allowed within a form element in a dictionary. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Used by

form

Members
model.gramPart [model.lexicalRefinement [colloc gramGrp lbl pos subc usg] model.morphLike [case gen gram iType mood number per tns] ] form hyph orth pron stress syll

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A Model Classes

model.ptrLike.form

model.ptrLike.form groups elements used for purposes of location of particular orthographic or pronunciation forms within a dictionary entry. [10. Dictionaries]

Module
dictionaries — Dictionaries

Used by

model.phrase

Members
oRef pRef

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A Model Classes

model.resource

model.resource groups separate elements which constitute the content of a digital resource, as opposed to its metadata. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

TEI teiCorpus

Members
facsimile fsdDecl sourceDoc standOff text

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A Model Classes

model.describedResource

model.describedResource groups elements which contain the content of a digital resource and its metadata; these elements may serve as the outermost or ‘root’ element of a TEI-conformant document. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

teiCorpus

Members
TEI teiCorpus

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A Model Classes

model.rdgPart

model.rdgPart groups elements which mark the beginning or ending of a fragmentary manuscript or other witness. [13.1.5. Fragmentary Witnesses]

Module
textcrit — Critical Apparatus

Used by

lem rdg

Members
lacunaEnd lacunaStart wit witEnd witStart

Note

These elements may appear anywhere within the elements lem and rdg, and also within any of their constituent elements.

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A Model Classes

model.objectLike

model.objectLike groups elements which describe objects.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

event listObject

Members
listObject object

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A Model Classes

model.orgStateLike

model.orgStateLike groups elements describing changeable characteristics of an organization which have a definite duration.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Members
state

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A Model Classes

model.placeLike

model.placeLike groups elements used to provide information about places and their relationships.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

event listPlace org place settingDesc

Members
place

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A Model Classes

model.fsdDeclPart

model.fsdDeclPart groups elements which can occur as direct children of fsdDecl. [19.11. Feature System Declaration]

Module
iso-fs — Feature Structures

Used by

fsdDecl

Members
fLib fsDecl fsdLink fvLib

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A Model Classes

model.contentPart

model.contentPart groups elements which may appear as part of the content element. [23.5.1. Defining Content Models]

Module
tagdocs — Documentation Elements

Used by

alternate content sequence

Members
alternate anyElement classRef dataRef elementRef empty macroRef sequence textNode

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E Datatypes and Other Macros

macro.abContent

macro.abContent (anonymous block content) defines the content of anonymous block elements. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

ab

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.paraPart"/>
  <elementRef key="ab"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

macro.abContent = ( text | model.paraPart | ab )*

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E Datatypes and Other Macros

macro.paraContent

macro.paraContent (paragraph content) defines the content of paragraphs and similar elements. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

add camera caption case colloc corr damage def del docEdition emph gen gram hi hyph iType imprimatur lang lbl mod mood number orig orth p per pos pron ref reg restore retrace rhyme salute secl seg sic signed sound stress subc supplied surplus syll tech title titlePart tns u unclear usg writing

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.paraPart"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

macro.paraContent = ( text | model.paraPart )*

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E Datatypes and Other Macros

macro.limitedContent

macro.limitedContent (paragraph content) defines the content of prose elements that are not used for transcription of extant materials. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

desc fDescr figDesc fsDescr meeting rendition tagUsage

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.limitedPhrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

macro.limitedContent = ( text | model.limitedPhrase | model.inter )*

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E Datatypes and Other Macros

macro.phraseSeq

macro.phraseSeq (phrase sequence) defines a sequence of character data and phrase-level elements. [1.4.1. Standard Content Models]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

abbr actor addName addrLine affiliation author biblScope birth bloc catchwords citedRange cl colophon country death distinct distributor district docAuthor docDate edition editor education eg email eventName expan explicit extent faith finalRubric floruit foreign forename fw genName gender geoDecl geogFeat geogName gloss headItem headLabel heraldry incipit label material measure mentioned name nameLink nationality num objectName objectType offset orgName origPlace persName persPronouns phr placeName pubPlace publisher rb region residence role roleDesc roleName rs rt rubric s secFol settlement sex soCalled socecStatus speaker stamp street surname term unit watermark wit

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.attributable"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

macro.phraseSeq =
   ( text | model.gLike | model.attributable | model.phrase | model.global )*

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E Datatypes and Other Macros

macro.phraseSeq.limited

macro.phraseSeq.limited (limited phrase sequence) defines a sequence of character data and those phrase-level elements that are not typically used for transcribing extant documents. [1.4.1. Standard Content Models]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

activity age authority channel classCode collection constitution derivation domain factuality funder institution interaction langKnown language locale metSym preparedness principal purpose repository resp span sponsor valDesc

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.limitedPhrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

macro.phraseSeq.limited = ( text | model.limitedPhrase | model.global )*

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E Datatypes and Other Macros

macro.specialPara

macro.specialPara ('special' paragraph content) defines the content model of elements such as notes or list items, which either contain a series of component-level elements or else have the same structure as a paragraph, containing a series of phrase-level and inter-level elements. [1.3. The TEI Class System]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

accMat acquisition additions cell change collation condition custEvent decoNote filiation foliation handNote item layout licence metamark musicNotation note occupation origin provenance q quote said scriptNote signatures source stage summary support surrogates textLang typeNote view

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.divPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

macro.specialPara =
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.divPart
    | model.global
   )*

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E Datatypes and Other Macros

macro.xtext

macro.xtext (extended text) defines a sequence of character data and gaiji elements.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

c depth dim ex height mapping memberOf string width

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

macro.xtext = ( text | model.gLike )*

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teidata.certainty

teidata.certainty defines the range of attribute values expressing a degree of certainty.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

teidata.probCert

Class:

att.dimensions/@precision

Element:

certainty/@cert

precision/@precision

purpose/@degree

Content model

<content>
 <valList type="closed">
  <valItem ident="high"/>
  <valItem ident="medium"/>
  <valItem ident="low"/>
  <valItem ident="unknown"/>
 </valList>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.certainty = "high" | "medium" | "low" | "unknown"

Note

Certainty may be expressed by one of the predefined symbolic values high, medium, or low. The value unknown should be used in cases where the encoder does not wish to assert an opinion about the matter.

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teidata.probability

teidata.probability defines the range of attribute values expressing a probability.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

teidata.probCert

Class:

att.ranging/@confidence

Element:

alt/@weights

certainty/@degree

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="double">
  <dataFacet name="minInclusive" value="0"/>
  <dataFacet name="maxInclusive" value="1"/>
 </dataRef>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.probability = xsd:double

Note

Probability is expressed as a real number between 0 and 1; 0 representing certainly false and 1 representing certainly true.

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teidata.numeric

teidata.numeric defines the range of attribute values used for numeric values.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.coordinated/@ulx

att.coordinated/@uly

att.coordinated/@lrx

att.coordinated/@lry

att.dimensions/@quantity

att.measurement/@quantity

att.media/@scale

att.ranging/@atLeast

att.ranging/@atMost

att.ranging/@min

att.ranging/@max

Element:

memberOf/@max

memberOf/@min

num/@value

numeric/@value

numeric/@max

precision/@stdDeviation

zone/@rotate

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef name="double"/>
  <dataRef name="token"
   restriction="(\-?[\d]+/\-?[\d]+)"/>
  <dataRef name="decimal"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.numeric =
   xsd:double | token { pattern = "(\-?[\d]+/\-?[\d]+)" } | xsd:decimal

Note

Any numeric value, represented as a decimal number, in floating point format, or as a ratio.

To represent a floating point number, expressed in scientific notation, ‘E notation’, a variant of ‘exponential notation’, may be used. In this format, the value is expressed as two numbers separated by the letter E. The first number, the significand (sometimes called the mantissa) is given in decimal format, while the second is an integer. The value is obtained by multiplying the mantissa by 10 the number of times indicated by the integer. Thus the value represented in decimal notation as 1000.0 might be represented in scientific notation as 10E3.

A value expressed as a ratio is represented by two integer values separated by a solidus (/) character. Thus, the value represented in decimal notation as 0.5 might be represented as a ratio by the string 1/2.

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teidata.interval

teidata.interval defines attribute values used to express an interval value.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Element:

timeline/@interval

when/@interval

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef name="float"/>
  <valList>
   <valItem ident="regular"/>
   <valItem ident="irregular"/>
   <valItem ident="unknown"/>
  </valList>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.interval = xsd:float | ( "regular" | "irregular" | "unknown" )

Note

Any value greater than zero or any one of the values regular, irregular, unknown.

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teidata.count

teidata.count defines the range of attribute values used for a non-negative integer value used as a count.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.damaged/@group

att.personal/@sort

att.repeatable/@minOccurs

att.tableDecoration/@rows

att.tableDecoration/@cols

att.textCritical/@varSeq

att.transcriptional/@seq

Element:

age/@value

graph/@order

graph/@size

handDesc/@hands

iNode/@outDegree

layout/@columns

layout/@streams

layout/@ruledLines

layout/@writtenLines

node/@inDegree

node/@outDegree

node/@degree

refState/@length

root/@outDegree

sense/@level

table/@rows

table/@cols

tagUsage/@occurs

tagUsage/@withId

tree/@arity

tree/@order

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.count = xsd:nonNegativeInteger

Note

Any positive integer value or zero is permitted

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teidata.temporal.w3c

teidata.temporal.w3c defines the range of attribute values expressing a temporal expression such as a date, a time, or a combination of them, that conform to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition specification.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.datable.w3c/@when

att.datable.w3c/@notBefore

att.datable.w3c/@notAfter

att.datable.w3c/@from

att.datable.w3c/@to

Element:

when/@absolute

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef name="date"/>
  <dataRef name="gYear"/>
  <dataRef name="gMonth"/>
  <dataRef name="gDay"/>
  <dataRef name="gYearMonth"/>
  <dataRef name="gMonthDay"/>
  <dataRef name="time"/>
  <dataRef name="dateTime"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.temporal.w3c =
   xsd:date
 | xsd:gYear
 | xsd:gMonth
 | xsd:gDay
 | xsd:gYearMonth
 | xsd:gMonthDay
 | xsd:time
 | xsd:dateTime

Note

If it is likely that the value used is to be compared with another, then a time zone indicator should always be included, and only the dateTime representation should be used.

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teidata.temporal.working

teidata.temporal.working defines the range of values, conforming to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition specification, expressing a date or a date and a time within the working life of the document.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.translatable/@versionDate

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef name="date"
   restriction="(19[789][0-9]|[2-9][0-9]{3}).*"/>
  <dataRef name="dateTime"
   restriction="(19[789][0-9]|[2-9][0-9]{3}).*"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.temporal.working =
   xsd:date { pattern = "(19[789][0-9]|[2-9][0-9]{3}).*" }
 | xsd:dateTime { pattern = "(19[789][0-9]|[2-9][0-9]{3}).*" }

Note

If it is likely that the value used is to be compared with another, then a time zone indicator should always be included, and only the dateTime representation should be used.

The earliest time expressable with this datatype is 01 January 1970 (the Unix Epoch), which could be written as either 1970-01-01 or 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.

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teidata.duration.w3c

teidata.duration.w3c defines the range of attribute values available for representation of a duration in time using W3C datatypes.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.duration.w3c/@dur

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="duration"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.duration.w3c = xsd:duration

Example

<time dur="PT45M">forty-five minutes</time>

⚓︎

Example

<date dur="P1DT12H">a day and a half</date>

⚓︎

Example

<date dur="P7D">a week</date>

⚓︎

Example

<time dur="PT0.02S">20 ms</time>

⚓︎

Note

A duration is expressed as a sequence of number-letter pairs, preceded by the letter P; the letter gives the unit and may be Y (year), M (month), D (day), H (hour), M (minute), or S (second), in that order. The numbers are all unsigned integers, except for the S number, which may have a decimal component (using . as the decimal point). If any number is 0, then that number-letter pair may be omitted. If any of the H (hour), M (minute), or S (second) number-letter pairs are present, then the separator T must precede the first ‘time’ number-letter pair.

For complete details, see the W3C specification.

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teidata.truthValue

teidata.truthValue defines the range of attribute values used to express a truth value.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.anchoring/@anchored

att.declarable/@default

att.identified/@predeclare

att.lexicographic/@opt

Element:

binary/@value

content/@autoPrefix

fDecl/@optional

listChange/@ordered

metSym/@terminal

model/@useSourceRendition

modelGrp/@useSourceRendition

modelSequence/@useSourceRendition

numeric/@trunc

pc/@pre

sequence/@preserveOrder

surface/@flipping

tagsDecl/@partial

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="boolean"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.truthValue = xsd:boolean

Note

The possible values of this datatype are 1 or true, or 0 or false.

This datatype applies only for cases where uncertainty is inappropriate; if the attribute concerned may have a value other than true or false, e.g. unknown, or inapplicable, it should have the extended version of this datatype: teidata.xTruthValue.

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teidata.xTruthValue

teidata.xTruthValue (extended truth value) defines the range of attribute values used to express a truth value which may be unknown.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.editLike/@instant

att.msExcerpt/@defective

Element:

binding/@contemporary

iNode/@ord

kinesic/@iterated

root/@ord

said/@aloud

said/@direct

seal/@contemporary

sound/@discrete

vocal/@iterated

writing/@gradual

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef name="boolean"/>
  <valList>
   <valItem ident="unknown"/>
   <valItem ident="inapplicable"/>
  </valList>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.xTruthValue = xsd:boolean | ( "unknown" | "inapplicable" )

Note

In cases where where uncertainty is inappropriate, use the datatype teidata.TruthValue.

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teidata.language

teidata.language defines the range of attribute values used to identify a particular combination of human language and writing system. [vi.1. Language Identification]

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.global/@xml:lang

att.pointing/@targetLang

Element:

langKnowledge/@tags

langKnown/@tag

language/@ident

schemaSpec/@targetLang

schemaSpec/@docLang

textLang/@mainLang

textLang/@otherLangs

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef name="language"/>
  <valList>
   <valItem ident=""/>
  </valList>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.language = xsd:language | ( "" )

Note

The values for this attribute are language ‘tags’ as defined in BCP 47. Currently BCP 47 comprises RFC 5646 and RFC 4647; over time, other IETF documents may succeed these as the best current practice.

A ‘language tag’, per BCP 47, is assembled from a sequence of components or subtags separated by the hyphen character (-, U+002D). The tag is made of the following subtags, in the following order. Every subtag except the first is optional. If present, each occurs only once, except the fourth and fifth components (variant and extension), which are repeatable.

language

The IANA-registered code for the language. This is almost always the same as the ISO 639 2-letter language code if there is one. The list of available registered language subtags can be found at https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry. It is recommended that this code be written in lower case.

script

The ISO 15924 code for the script. These codes consist of 4 letters, and it is recommended they be written with an initial capital, the other three letters in lower case. The canonical list of codes is maintained by the Unicode Consortium, and is available at https://unicode.org/iso15924/iso15924-codes.html. The IETF recommends this code be omitted unless it is necessary to make a distinction you need.

region

Either an ISO 3166 country code or a UN M.49 region code that is registered with IANA (not all such codes are registered, e.g. UN codes for economic groupings or codes for countries for which there is already an ISO 3166 2-letter code are not registered). The former consist of 2 letters, and it is recommended they be written in upper case; the list of codes can be searched or browsed at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#search/code/. The latter consist of 3 digits; the list of codes can be found at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm.

variant

An IANA-registered variation. These codes ‘are used to indicate additional, well-recognized variations that define a language or its dialects that are not covered by other available subtags’.

extension

An extension has the format of a single letter followed by a hyphen followed by additional subtags. There are currently only two extensions in use. Extension T indicates that the content was transformed. For example en-t-it could be used for content in English that was translated from Italian. Extension T is described in the informational RFC 6497. Extension U can be used to embed a variety of locale attributes. It is described in the informational RFC 6067.

private use

An extension that uses the initial subtag of the single letter x (i.e., starts with x-) has no meaning except as negotiated among the parties involved. These should be used with great care, since they interfere with the interoperability that use of RFC 4646 is intended to promote. In order for a document that makes use of these subtags to be TEI-conformant, a corresponding language element must be present in the TEI header.

There are two exceptions to the above format. First, there are language tags in the IANA registry that do not match the above syntax, but are present because they have been ‘grandfathered’ from previous specifications.

Second, an entire language tag can consist of only a private use subtag. These tags start with x-, and do not need to follow any further rules established by the IETF and endorsed by these Guidelines. Like all language tags that make use of private use subtags, the language in question must be documented in a corresponding language element in the TEI header.

Examples include

sn

Shona

zh-TW

Taiwanese

zh-Hant-HK

Chinese written in traditional script as used in Hong Kong

en-SL

English as spoken in Sierra Leone

pl

Polish

es-MX

Spanish as spoken in Mexico

es-419

Spanish as spoken in Latin America

The W3C Internationalization Activity has published a useful introduction to BCP 47, Language tags in HTML and XML.

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teidata.namespace

teidata.namespace defines the range of attribute values used to indicate XML namespaces as defined by the W3C Namespaces in XML Technical Recommendation.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.namespaceable/@ns

Element:

anyElement/@require

namespace/@name

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef restriction="\S+" name="anyURI"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.namespace = xsd:anyURI { pattern = "\S+" }

Note

The range of syntactically valid values is defined by RFC 3986 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax

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teidata.namespaceOrName

teidata.namespaceOrName defines attribute values which contain either an absolute namespace URI or a qualified XML name.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Element:

anyElement/@except

schemaSpec/@defaultExceptions

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef name="anyURI">
   <dataFacet name="pattern"
    value="[^/\s]+:\S*"/>
  </dataRef>
  <dataRef name="Name">
   <dataFacet name="pattern" value=".+:.+"/>
  </dataRef>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.namespaceOrName = xsd:anyURI | xsd:Name

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teidata.outputMeasurement

teidata.outputMeasurement defines a range of values for use in specifying the size of an object that is intended for display.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.media/@width

att.media/@height

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="token"
  restriction="[\-+]?\d+(\.\d+)?(%|cm|mm|in|pt|pc|px|em|ex|ch|rem|vw|vh|vmin|vmax)"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.outputMeasurement =
   token
   {
      pattern = "[\-+]?\d+(\.\d+)?(%|cm|mm|in|pt|pc|px|em|ex|ch|rem|vw|vh|vmin|vmax)"
   }

Example

<figure>
 <head>The TEI Logo</head>
 <figDesc>Stylized yellow angle brackets with the letters <mentioned>TEI</mentioned> in
   between and <mentioned>text encoding initiative</mentioned> underneath, all on a white
   background.</figDesc>
 <graphic height="600px" width="600px"
  url="http://www.tei-c.org/logos/TEI-600.jpg"/>
</figure>

⚓︎

Note

These values map directly onto the values used by XSL-FO and CSS. For definitions of the units see those specifications; at the time of this writing the most complete list is in the CSS3 working draft.

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teidata.pattern

teidata.pattern defines attribute values which are expressed as a regular expression.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.patternReplacement/@matchPattern

Element:

dataRef/@restriction

metDecl/@pattern

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="token"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.pattern = token

Note

A regular expression, often called a pattern, is an expression that describes a set of strings. They are usually used to give a concise description of a set, without having to list all elements. For example, the set containing the three strings Handel, Händel, and Haendel can be described by the pattern H(ä|ae?)ndel (or alternatively, it is said that the pattern H(ä|ae?)ndel matches each of the three strings)

Wikipedia

This TEI datatype is mapped to the XSD token datatype, and may therefore contain any string of characters. However, it is recommended that the value used conform to the particular flavour of regular expression syntax supported by XSD Schema.

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teidata.point

teidata.point defines the data type used to express a point in cartesian space.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.coordinated/@points

Element:

path/@points

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="token"
  restriction="(-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?,-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?)"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.point = token { pattern = "(-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?,-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?)" }

Example

<facsimile>
 <surface ulx="0" uly="0" lrx="400" lry="280">
  <zone points="220,100 300,210 170,250 123,234">
   <graphic url="handwriting.png"/>
  </zone>
 </surface>
</facsimile>

bibliography ⚓︎

Note

A point is defined by two numeric values, which should be expressed as decimal numbers. Neither number can end in a decimal point. E.g., both 0.0,84.2 and 0,84 are allowed, but 0.,84. is not.

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teidata.pointer

teidata.pointer defines the range of attribute values used to provide a single URI, absolute or relative, pointing to some other resource, either within the current document or elsewhere.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

teidata.authority

Class:

att.anchoring/@targetEnd

att.ascribed/@who

att.ascribed.directed/@toWhom

att.calendarSystem/@calendar

att.canonical/@ref

att.coordinated/@start

att.datable/@period

att.datable.custom/@datingPoint

att.datable.custom/@datingMethod

att.datcat/@datcat

att.datcat/@valueDatcat

att.datcat/@targetDatcat

att.declaring/@decls

att.edition/@edRef

att.global/@xml:base

att.global.analytic/@ana

att.global.change/@change

att.global.facs/@facs

att.global.linking/@corresp

att.global.linking/@synch

att.global.linking/@sameAs

att.global.linking/@copyOf

att.global.linking/@next

att.global.linking/@prev

att.global.linking/@exclude

att.global.linking/@select

att.global.rendition/@rendition

att.global.responsibility/@resp

att.global.source/@source

att.handFeatures/@scribeRef

att.handFeatures/@scriptRef

att.interpLike/@inst

att.lexicographic/@location

att.lexicographic/@mergedIn

att.linguistic/@lemmaRef

att.locatable/@where

att.measurement/@unitRef

att.msClass/@class

att.naming/@nymRef

att.pointing/@target

att.pointing.group/@domains

att.rdgPart/@wit

att.resourced/@url

att.scoping/@target

att.spanning/@spanTo

att.textCritical/@require

att.timed/@start

att.timed/@end

att.witnessed/@wit

att.written/@hand

Element:

alt/@target

app/@from

app/@to

arc/@from

arc/@to

catRef/@scheme

certainty/@given

change/@target

citeData/@property

classCode/@scheme

conversion/@fromUnit

conversion/@toUnit

dataRef/@ref

eLeaf/@value

eTree/@value

equiv/@uri

equiv/@filter

f/@fVal

fs/@feats

fsdLink/@target

g/@ref

handShift/@new

iNode/@value

iNode/@children

iNode/@parent

iNode/@follow

keywords/@scheme

leaf/@value

leaf/@parent

leaf/@follow

locus/@scheme

locusGrp/@scheme

material/@target

metamark/@target

moduleRef/@url

move/@perf

node/@value

node/@adjTo

node/@adjFrom

node/@adj

nym/@parts

occupation/@scheme

occupation/@code

post/@replyTo

redo/@target

relatedItem/@target

relation/@active

relation/@mutual

relation/@passive

root/@value

root/@children

rt/@target

rt/@from

rt/@to

socecStatus/@scheme

socecStatus/@code

span/@from

span/@to

specGrpRef/@target

tech/@perf

timeline/@origin

triangle/@value

undo/@target

when/@since

witDetail/@wit

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef restriction="\S+" name="anyURI"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.pointer = xsd:anyURI { pattern = "\S+" }

Note

The range of syntactically valid values is defined by RFC 3986 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax. Note that the values themselves are encoded using RFC 3987 Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs) mapping to URIs. For example, https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/% is encoded as https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/%25 while http://موقع.وزارة-الاتصالات.مصر/ is encoded as http://xn--4gbrim.xn----rmckbbajlc6dj7bxne2c.xn--wgbh1c/

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teidata.authority

teidata.authority defines attribute values which derive from an authority list, which may be an enumerated list defined in the document's schema, a list or taxonomy elsewhere in the document, or an online taxonomy, gazetteer, or other authority.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Element:

move/@where

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
  <dataRef key="teidata.pointer"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.authority = teidata.enumerated | teidata.pointer

Note

Attribute values with this datatype should either come from a value list in the attribute specification (teidata.enumerated) or be a valid URI (teidata.pointer).

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teidata.version

teidata.version defines the range of attribute values which may be used to specify a TEI or Unicode version number.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Element:

TEI/@version

teiCorpus/@version

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="token"
  restriction="[\d]+(\.[\d]+){0,2}"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.version = token { pattern = "[\d]+(\.[\d]+){0,2}" }

Note

The value of this attribute follows the pattern specified by the Unicode consortium for its version number (https://unicode.org/versions/). A version number contains digits and fullstop characters only. The first number supplied identifies the major version number. A second and third number, for minor and sub-minor version numbers, may also be supplied.

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teidata.versionNumber

teidata.versionNumber defines the range of attribute values used for version numbers.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.styleDef/@schemeVersion

Element:

application/@version

transcriptionDesc/@version

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="token"
  restriction="[\d]+[a-z]*[\d]*(\.[\d]+[a-z]*[\d]*){0,3}"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.versionNumber =
   token { pattern = "[\d]+[a-z]*[\d]*(\.[\d]+[a-z]*[\d]*){0,3}" }

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teidata.replacement

teidata.replacement defines attribute values which contain a replacement template.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.patternReplacement/@replacementPattern

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.replacement = text

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teidata.xpath

teidata.xpath defines attribute values which contain an XPath expression.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.citeStructurePart/@use

att.formula/@formula

att.predicate/@predicate

att.scoping/@match

Element:

citeStructure/@match

modelSequence/@predicate

param/@value

Content model

<content>
 <textNode/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.xpath = text

Note

Any XPath expression using the syntax defined in Kay (ed.) (2007).

When writing programs that evaluate XPath expressions, programmers should be mindful of the possibility of malicious code injection attacks. For further information about XPath injection attacks, see the article at OWASP.

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teidata.word

teidata.word defines the range of attribute values expressed as a single word or token.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

teidata.enumerated

Class:

att.citing/@from

att.citing/@to

att.datable.custom/@when-custom

att.datable.custom/@notBefore-custom

att.datable.custom/@notAfter-custom

att.datable.custom/@from-custom

att.datable.custom/@to-custom

att.edition/@ed

att.global.rendition/@rend

att.internetMedia/@mimeType

att.measurement/@commodity

att.pointing.group/@targFunc

att.sortable/@sortKey

Element:

app/@loc

binaryObject/@encoding

certainty/@assertedValue

code/@lang

dataFacet/@name

langKnown/@level

locus/@from

locus/@to

m/@baseForm

metSym/@value

metamark/@function

personGrp/@size

rhyme/@label

surplus/@reason

symbol/@value

unihanProp/@value

vLabel/@name

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="token"
  restriction="[^\p{C}\p{Z}]+"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.word = token { pattern = "[^\p{C}\p{Z}]+" }

Note

Attributes using this datatype must contain a single ‘word’ which contains only letters, digits, punctuation characters, or symbols: thus it cannot include whitespace.

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teidata.text

teidata.text defines the range of attribute values used to express some kind of identifying string as a single sequence of Unicode characters possibly including whitespace.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.cReferencing/@cRef

att.canonical/@key

att.dimensions/@extent

att.gaijiProp/@value

att.global/@n

att.global.rendition/@style

att.lexicographic/@expand

att.lexicographic/@split

att.lexicographic/@value

att.lexicographic.normalized/@norm

att.lexicographic.normalized/@orig

att.linguistic/@lemma

att.linguistic/@pos

att.linguistic/@msd

att.linguistic/@join

Element:

distinct/@time

distinct/@space

distinct/@social

refState/@delim

rendition/@selector

unicodeProp/@value

valItem/@ident

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="string"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.text = string

Note

Attributes using this datatype must contain a single ‘token’ in which whitespace and other punctuation characters are permitted.

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teidata.name

teidata.name defines the range of attribute values expressed as an XML Name.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

att gi

Class:

att.handFeatures/@scribe

att.handFeatures/@script

att.identified/@ident

Element:

application/@ident

attRef/@class

attRef/@name

equiv/@name

f/@name

fDecl/@name

fsDecl/@baseTypes

index/@indexName

join/@result

joinGrp/@result

memberOf/@key

model/@cssClass

remarks/@ident

schemaSpec/@start

specDesc/@key

specDesc/@atts

tagUsage/@gi

transcriptionDesc/@ident

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="Name"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.name = xsd:Name

Note

Attributes using this datatype must contain a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name (see https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#dt-name): for example they cannot include whitespace or begin with digits.

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teidata.xmlName

teidata.xmlName defines attribute values which contain an XML name.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.gaijiProp/@name

att.identified/@module

Element:

classRef/@key

classRef/@include

classRef/@except

dataRef/@key

dataRef/@name

elementRef/@key

elementSpec/@prefix

macroRef/@key

moduleRef/@prefix

moduleRef/@include

moduleRef/@except

moduleRef/@key

schemaRef/@key

schemaSpec/@prefix

unicodeProp/@name

unihanProp/@name

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="NCName"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.xmlName = xsd:NCName

Note

The rules defining an XML name form a part of the XML Specification.

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teidata.prefix

teidata.prefix defines a range of values that may function as a URI scheme name.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Element:

prefixDef/@ident

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="token"
  restriction="[a-z][a-z0-9\+\.\-]*"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.prefix = token { pattern = "[a-z][a-z0-9\+\.\-]*" }

Note

This datatype is used to constrain a string of characters to one that can be used as a URI scheme name according to RFC 3986, section 3.1. Thus only the 26 lowercase letters a–z, the 10 digits 0–9, the plus sign, the period, and the hyphen are permitted, and the value must start with a letter.

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teidata.enumerated

teidata.enumerated defines the range of attribute values expressed as a single XML name taken from a list of documented possibilities.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

teidata.authority teidata.gender teidata.sex

Class:

att.breaking/@break

att.citing/@unit

att.cmc/@generatedBy

att.combinable/@mode

att.damaged/@agent

att.dimensions/@unit

att.dimensions/@scope

att.divLike/@org

att.divLike/@sample

att.docStatus/@status

att.editLike/@evidence

att.enjamb/@enjamb

att.entryLike/@type

att.fragmentable/@part

att.gaijiProp/@version

att.gaijiProp/@scheme

att.global/@xml:space

att.handFeatures/@medium

att.interpLike/@type

att.interpLike/@subtype

att.measurement/@unit

att.milestoneUnit/@unit

att.naming/@role

att.notated/@notation

att.partials/@extent

att.personal/@full

att.placement/@place

att.pointing/@evaluate

att.scope/@scope

att.segLike/@function

att.styleDef/@scheme

att.tableDecoration/@role

att.textCritical/@type

att.textCritical/@cause

att.transcriptional/@status

att.transcriptional/@cause

att.typed/@type

att.typed/@subtype

Element:

abbr/@type

affiliation/@type

age/@type

alt/@mode

altGrp/@mode

annotation/@motivation

app/@type

att/@scheme

attDef/@usage

attList/@org

availability/@status

birth/@type

castItem/@type

certainty/@locus

channel/@mode

citeStructure/@unit

classSpec/@type

classSpec/@generate

classes/@mode

constitution/@type

constraintDecl/@scheme

constraintDecl/@queryBinding

constraintSpec/@scheme

constraintSpec/@type

correction/@status

correction/@method

correspAction/@type

death/@type

derivation/@type

dimensions/@type

distinct/@type

divGen/@type

domain/@type

education/@type

egXML/@valid

factuality/@type

faith/@type

form/@type

fs/@type

fsDecl/@type

fsdLink/@type

fw/@type

gap/@reason

gap/@agent

geoDecl/@datum

gi/@scheme

gram/@type

graph/@type

hyphenation/@eol

iType/@type

idno/@type

interaction/@type

interaction/@active

interaction/@passive

join/@scope

langKnowledge/@type

lbl/@type

list/@type

listForest/@type

material/@function

measure/@type

memberOf/@mode

metDecl/@type

model/@behaviour

model/@output

modelGrp/@output

modelSequence/@output

move/@type

nationality/@type

node/@type

normalization/@method

num/@type

oRef/@type

objectDesc/@form

occupation/@type

org/@role

orth/@type

outputRendition/@scope

param/@name

pc/@force

pc/@unit

persPronouns/@evidence

persPronouns/@value

person/@role

person/@age

personGrp/@role

personGrp/@age

persona/@role

persona/@age

post/@modality

preparedness/@type

punctuation/@marks

punctuation/@placement

purpose/@type

q/@type

quotation/@marks

recording/@type

relation/@name

rendition/@scope

residence/@type

respons/@locus

secl/@reason

shift/@feature

shift/@new

socecStatus/@type

sound/@type

space/@dim

stage/@type

supplied/@reason

supportDesc/@material

surface/@attachment

tag/@type

tag/@scheme

tech/@type

timeline/@unit

title/@level

title/@type

titlePage/@type

titlePart/@type

tree/@ord

u/@trans

unclear/@reason

unclear/@agent

usg/@type

vColl/@org

vMerge/@org

valList/@type

variantEncoding/@method

variantEncoding/@location

when/@unit

witDetail/@type

xr/@type

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef key="teidata.word"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.enumerated = teidata.word

Note

Attributes using this datatype must contain a single ‘word’ which contains only letters, digits, punctuation characters, or symbols: thus it cannot include whitespace.

Typically, the list of documented possibilities will be provided (or exemplified) by a value list in the associated attribute specification, expressed with a valList element.

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teidata.gender

teidata.gender defines the range of attribute values used to represent the gender of a person, persona, or character.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Element:

actor/@gender

gender/@value

person/@gender

personGrp/@gender

persona/@gender

role/@gender

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.gender = teidata.enumerated

Note

Values for attributes using this datatype may be defined locally by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

Values for this datatype should not be used to encode morphological gender (cf. gen, msd as defined in att.linguistic, and 10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms).

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teidata.sex

teidata.sex defines the range of attribute values used to identify the sex of an organism.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Element:

actor/@sex

person/@sex

personGrp/@sex

persona/@sex

sex/@value

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef key="teidata.enumerated"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.sex = teidata.enumerated

Note

Values for attributes using this datatype may be defined locally by a project, or they may refer to an external standard.

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teidata.probCert

teidata.probCert defines a range of attribute values which can be expressed either as a numeric probability or as a coded certainty value.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.damaged/@degree

att.global.responsibility/@cert

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef key="teidata.probability"/>
  <dataRef key="teidata.certainty"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.probCert = teidata.probability | teidata.certainty

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teidata.unboundedCount

teidata.unboundedCount defines the range of values used for a counting number or the string unbounded for infinity.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.repeatable/@maxOccurs

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef name="nonNegativeInteger"/>
  <valList type="closed">
   <valItem ident="unbounded"/>
  </valList>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.unboundedCount = xsd:nonNegativeInteger | ( "unbounded" )

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teidata.nullOrName

teidata.nullOrName defines attribute values which contain either the null string or an XML name.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <valList>
   <valItem ident=""/>
  </valList>
  <dataRef name="NCName"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.nullOrName = ( "" ) | xsd:NCName

Note

The rules defining an XML name form a part of the XML Specification.

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E Datatypes and Other Macros

macro.specialPara.cmc

macro.specialPara.cmc ('special' paragraph content with added CMC element(s)) defines the content model of the quote element, whose content is just like others (such as notes or list items) which either contain a series of component-level elements or else have the same structure as a paragraph, containing a series of phrase-level and inter-level elements, but also contains element(s) for transcription of CMC.

Module
cmc — Computer-mediated Communication

Used by

Content model

<content>
 <alternate minOccurs="0"
  maxOccurs="unbounded">
  <textNode/>
  <classRef key="model.gLike"/>
  <classRef key="model.phrase"/>
  <classRef key="model.inter"/>
  <classRef key="model.divPart"/>
  <classRef key="model.global"/>
  <classRef key="model.cmc"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

macro.specialPara.cmc =
   (
      text
    | model.gLike
    | model.phrase
    | model.inter
    | model.divPart
    | model.global
    | model.cmc
   )*

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teidata.temporal.iso

teidata.temporal.iso defines the range of attribute values expressing a temporal expression such as a date, a time, or a combination of them, that conform to the international standard Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation of dates and times.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.datable.iso/@when-iso

att.datable.iso/@notBefore-iso

att.datable.iso/@notAfter-iso

att.datable.iso/@from-iso

att.datable.iso/@to-iso

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <dataRef name="date"/>
  <dataRef name="gYear"/>
  <dataRef name="gMonth"/>
  <dataRef name="gDay"/>
  <dataRef name="gYearMonth"/>
  <dataRef name="gMonthDay"/>
  <dataRef name="time"/>
  <dataRef name="dateTime"/>
  <dataRef name="token"
   restriction="[0-9.,DHMPRSTWYZ/:+\-]+"/>
 </alternate>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.temporal.iso =
   xsd:date
 | xsd:gYear
 | xsd:gMonth
 | xsd:gDay
 | xsd:gYearMonth
 | xsd:gMonthDay
 | xsd:time
 | xsd:dateTime
 | token { pattern = "[0-9.,DHMPRSTWYZ/:+\-]+" }

Note

If it is likely that the value used is to be compared with another, then a time zone indicator should always be included, and only the dateTime representation should be used.

For all representations for which ISO 8601:2004 describes both a basic and an extended format, these Guidelines recommend use of the extended format.

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teidata.duration.iso

teidata.duration.iso defines the range of attribute values available for representation of a duration in time using ISO 8601 standard formats.

Module
tei — The TEI Infrastructure

Used by

Class:

att.duration.iso/@dur-iso

Content model

<content>
 <dataRef name="token"
  restriction="[0-9.,DHMPRSTWYZ/:+\-]+"/>
</content>

Declaration

teidata.duration.iso = token { pattern = "[0-9.,DHMPRSTWYZ/:+\-]+" }

Example

<time dur-iso="PT0,75H">three-quarters of an hour</time>

⚓︎

Example

<date dur-iso="P1,5D">a day and a half</date>

⚓︎

Example

<date dur-iso="P14D">a fortnight</date>

⚓︎

Example

<time dur-iso="PT0.02S">20 ms</time>

⚓︎

Note

A duration is expressed as a sequence of number-letter pairs, preceded by the letter P; the letter gives the unit and may be Y (year), M (month), D (day), H (hour), M (minute), or S (second), in that order. The numbers are all unsigned integers, except for the last, which may have a decimal component (using either . or , as the decimal point; the latter is preferred). If any number is 0, then that number-letter pair may be omitted. If any of the H (hour), M (minute), or S (second) number-letter pairs are present, then the separator T must precede the first ‘time’ number-letter pair.

For complete details, see ISO 8601 Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and times.

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